Common Names of a Selected List of Plants

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Common Names of a Selected List of Plants[1]

Kling L. Anderson and Clenton E. Owensby[2]

Common names of plants often vary widely from place to place, even within rather limited areas. Frequently-occurring and widely-known species may have local names, or the same name may be used for several species. Common names, therefore, often fail to identify plants accurately. That makes it difficult to communicate about plants; the confusion may even discontinue attempts to convey ideas about the subject. Conversations may shift to a subject with an adequate common nomenclature.

Scientific names are essential in formal writing. When common names are to be used, as in less formal publications, scientific names must also be given either at the place where the common ones first appear in the paper, in a footnote, or in an appended list. Only scientific names identify the species for all readers. In completely informal writing for a broad area, scientific names may be omitted.

Since common names are so widely used, they should be used as uniformly as possible. The following common names are considered “standardized” for all writing in the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and may also be used as a guide in teaching. A single common name is given to each plant listed if it has such a name.

This list grew from an earlier Kansas list of grasses and legumes that emphasized chiefly range and pasture plants. It is extended here to include most plant families and genera that occur in Kansas and many species that do not necessarily occur in Kansas but may be important or closely related to those listed. Obviously, not all Kansas plants could be included, and therefore many minor plants have been omitted. Species not obviously important had to be somewhat arbitrary. Perhaps certain species listed could have been omitted and others not included might have been added. The list can, therefore, grow or be altered as need for change is shown. If further information on common names is needed, the Kelsey and Dayton 1942 edition of Standardized Plant Names[3] should be consulted.

Genus Common Names

In preparing this list, we attempted to give a single common name to each genus and to use it in connection with common names for each of the species listed under that genus. For example, brome for the genus, Bromus, and various species such as smooth brome and hairy brome. Thus, there are two words [Pg 2] for species names. However, common names of some species are single words and may not bear the generic name at all; for example, switchgrass, curlymesquite, catchflygrass, darnel, needleandthread, berseem, and horsebean. Some genera have more than one common name, but in that case the genus is subdivided into different types, each with its own common name. For example, most species of the genus Panicum are called panicum, but certain others are witchgrass; Melica is melic, but bulbous species of that genus are called oniongrass; and Setaria is bristlegrass, but the name millet is applied to certain ones. Some poisonous species of Astragalus are called loco, but nonpoisonous ones are milkvetch and the selenium-gathering ones, poisonvetch. In a few cases the same common name is applied to two genera, but that generally occurs only when the genera involved are closely related. They may formerly have been considered a single genus.

The words tree, grass, bean, seed, etc. are combined with key words to make common names of many genera and species. Examples of the former are dropseed, cupgrass, tanglehead, peavine, wildindigo, coffeetree, and sensitivebriar; and of the latter, breadroot scurfpea, splitbeard bluestem, shortawn foxtail, and smoothseed wildbean. Hyphens are avoided except in a few cases where they are used to make spelling, meaning, or pronunciation more clearly understood. Some examples are s-curve threeawn, blue-eyedgrass, climbing-buckwheat, dutchmans-breeches, snow-on-the-mountain, fat-hen saltbrush, false-alyssum.

Species Common Names

The common name for an individual species is a contraction of the genus common name and, in most cases, a descriptive adjective for a particular species. An example is the common name for Bromus inermis The common name for the genus is brome and the descriptive adjective associated with the species name inermis is smooth, hence smooth brome is the common name for that species.

In many cases a satisfactory common name did not exist for a particular species, yet the species name’s English meaning described the plant well. Such plants were given common names based on the meaning of their species name. An example is Lygodesmia rostrata. It has no satisfactory common name. In this publication it is called beaked skeletonplant, based on the English meaning of rostrata and the accepted common name for the genus, skeletonplant.

Capitalization

In general, capitals are avoided for common plant names. They are not used where proper nouns are combined with such words as grass, tree, bean, etc., for example, bermudagrass, indiangrass, johnsongrass, but are used when the name is that [Pg 3] of a country, state, or other place and is a separate word as in Virginia wildrye, Texas bean, California burclover, and Missouri milkvetch. They are not used, however, when the name is derived from a man’s name; for example, lambert crazyweed, dillen tickclover, chewings fescue, and lehmann lovegrass. Capitals are, of course, used for proper names of strains or varieties, but such usage is beyond the scope of this list. The few exceptions to all of these “rules” are dictated by firmly established usage.

Authorities

To identify each species as definitely as possible, authorities are given for scientific names. Authorities for grass names are from Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.[4] The others were compiled from various sources by Dr. L. C. Hulbert, Department of Botany, Kansas State University, chiefly from these sources: Gray’s Manual, 8th ed.,[5] The New Illustrated Britton and Brown,[6] and Harrington’s Manual.[7] Occasionally other sources were used for a few or for single species.

Since authorities were taken directly from the various sources without change, some differences in abbreviation occur. For example, Hitchcock’s manual abbreviates Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth as H.B.K., while most other manuals consulted use HBK. Certain other names may be spelled fully in one manual and abbreviated in others.

Common Name Sources

Several workers helped with selecting plants to be included and common names for them. For the most part, the common names are those used in Kelsey and Dayton, Standardized Plant Names (SPN).[8] However, common names of some species are so different and are so firmly entrenched in common usage that the names given in SPN could not be used in this list. An example is “broomsedge” for Andropogon virginicus. In SPN it is “yellowsedge bluestem,” a name never heard in the area this list serves.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Appreciation is expressed to those who aided in selecting both plants and their common names:

The late F. W. Albertson, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State College

L. E. Anderson, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University, now at University of Missouri, Columbia

M. D. Atkins, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

[Pg 4] J. K. Greig, Jr., Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

C. V. Hall, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

L. C. Hulbert, Division of Biology, Kansas State University

R. A. Keen, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

J. L. Launchbaugh, Kansas Branch Agricultural Experiment Station, Hays, Kansas

E. L. Mader, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

C. M. Schumacher, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

G. W. Tomanek, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State College

H. D. Wilkins, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

Special thanks go to Dr. John L. Launchbaugh for carefully editing the final draft.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Contribution No. 692, Department of Agronomy, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan.

[2] Professor Emeritus and Agronomist, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station: and Instructor in Range and Pasture Management.

[3] Kelsey, H. P. and W. A. Dayton. 1942. Standardized Plant Names. J. Horace McFarland Co., Harrisburg, Pa.

[4] Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Manual of Grasses of the U.S. USDA Misc. Publication 200 (Revised).

[5] Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s Manual of Botany, 8th ed. American Book Co., New York.

[6] Gleason, H. A. 1952. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora. New York Botanical Garden (3 volumes).

[7] Harrington, H. D. 1954. Manual of the Plants of Colorado. Sage Books, Denver.

[8] Ibid.

INDEX TO COMMON NAMES

Genera only are listed in this index except where the common species name differs from the common name of its genus and does not include the latter. Scientific names are also shown.

Common Name	Scientific Name	Page
Acacia	Acacia	30
Adderstongue	Ophioglossum	28
Agoseris, wavyleaf	Microseris cuspidata	47
Agrimony	Agrimonia	35
Alfalfa	Medicago	32
Alkaligrass	Puccinellia	25
Alumroot	Heuchera	44
Alyceclover	Alysicarpus	30
Amaranth	Amaranthus	35
Ammannia	Ammannia	35
Amorpha	Amorpha	30, 55
Amsonia	Amsonia	35
Anemone	Anemone	35
Antelopehorn	Asclepiodora	37
Apple	Pyrus	57
Arrowhead	Sagittaria	30
Ash	Fraxinus	57
Asparagus	Asparagus	29
Aster	Aster	37
Avens	Geum	43
Baccharis	Baccharis	56
Bagpod	Glottidium	31
Bahia	Bahia	37
Bahiagrass	Paspalum notatum	24
Barberry	Berberis	56
Barley	Hordeum	22
Barnyardgrass	Echinochloa crusgalli	21
Basketflower	Centaurea americana	38
Basswood	Tilia	59
Beachgrass	Ammophila	18
Beakgrain	Diarrhena	20
Bean	Phaseolus	33
Bedstraw	Galium	43
Beebalm	Monarda	48
Beet	Beta	37
Beggarticks	Bidens	37
Bellflower	Campanula	38
Bentgrass	Agrostis	18
Bergia	Bergia	37
Berlandiera	Berlandiera	37
Bermudagrass	Cynodon	20
Berseem	Trifolium alexandrinum	34
Berula	Berula	37
Betony	Stachys	53
Bindweed	Convolvulus	40
Birch	Betula	56
Birdwoodgrass	Cenchrus setigerus	20
Bittercress	Cardamine	38
Bittersweet	Celastrus	56
Bitterweed	Hymenoxys odorata	45
Blackberry	Rubus	58
Blackberrylily	Belamcanda	29
Blackeyedsusan	Rudbeckia hirta	51
Blackfoot	Melampodium	47
Bladderfern	Cystopteris	28
Bladdernut	Staphylea	59
Bladderpod	Lesquerella	46
Bladderwort	Utricularia	54
Bloodroot	Sanguinaria	52
Blowoutgrass	Redfieldia	25
Blue-eyedgrass	Sisyrinchium	30
Bluegrass	Poa	24
Bluehearts	Buchnera	38
Bluestem	Andropogon; Bothriochloa	18
Bluets	Houstonia	44
Blueweed	Echium vulgare	41
Boltonia	Boltonia	38
Boneset	Eupatorium perfoliatum	42
Bottlebrushgrass	Hystrix	22
Bouncingbet	Saponaria officinalis	52
Boxelder	Acer negundo	55
Bracken	Pteridium	28
Brickellia	Brickellia	38
Bristlegrass	Setaria	25
Broadbean	Vicia faba	34
Brome	Bromus	19
Broom	Cytisus	31, 56
Broomcorn	Sorghum bicolor var. technicum	25
Broomrape	Orobanche	49
Broomsedge	Andropogon virginicus	18
Broomweed	Gutierrezia dracunculoides	43
Browneyedsusan	Rudbeckia triloba	51
Browntopmillet	Panicum ramosum	23
Buckbrush	Symphoricarpos orbiculatus	59
Buckeye	Aesculus	55
Buckhorn	Plantago lanceolata	50
Buckthorn	Rhamnus	58
Buckwheat	Fagopyrum	42
Buffalogourd	Cucurbita foetidissima	40
Buffalograss	Buchloë	20
Buffelgrass	Pennisetum ciliare	24
Bugleweed	Lycopus	47
Bugseed	Corispermum nitidum	40
Bulbostylis	Bulbostylis	27
Bulrush	Scirpus	28
Bumelia	Bumelia	56
Bunchflower	Melanthium	29
Bundleflower	Desmanthus	31
Burclover	Medicago	32
Burcucumber	Sicyos	52
Burdock	Arctium	36
Burgrass	Tragus	26
Burhead	Echinodorus	29
Burnweed	Erechtites	41
Burragweed	Franseria tomentosa	42
Burreed	Sparganium	30
Burrograss	Scleropogon	25
Bursage	Franseria	42
Buttercup	Ranunculus	51
Butternut	Juglans cinerea	57
Buttonbush	Cephalanthus	56
Buttonweed	Diodia	41
Cabbage	Brassica oleracea	38
Calceolaria	Hybanthus	45
Caltrop	Kallstroemia	45
Camas	Camassia	29
Camomile	Anthemis	36
Camphorweed	Heterotheca	44
Canarygrass	Phalaris	24
Cane	Arundinaria	19
Cardinalflower	Lobelia cardinalis	47
Cardinalflower, western	Lobelia splendens	47
Carpetgrass	Axonopus	19
Carpetweed	Mollugo	48
Carrot	Daucus	41
Castorbean	Ricinus	51
Catalpa	Catalpa	56
Catchfly, sleepy	Silene antirrhina	52
Catchflygrass	Leersia lenticularis	22
Catnip	Nepeta cataria	48
Cattail	Typha	30
Ceanothus	Ceanothus	56
Centaurea	Centaurea	38
Centipedegrass	Eremochloa	21
Cerastium	Cerastium	38
Charlock	Brassica kaber	38
Cheat	Bromus secalinus	20
Cherry	Prunus	57
Chervil	Chaerophyllum	38
Chickencorn	Sorghum bicolor var. drummondii	25
Chickpea	Cicer	31
Chickweed	Stellaria media	54
Chicory	Cichorium	39
Chineselantern	Physalis lobata	50
Chloris	Chloris	20
Chokecherry	Prunus virginiana	57
Cholla	Opuntia	48
Christmasfern	Polystichum acrostichoides	29
Cinquefoil	Potentilla	51
Circaea	Circaea	39
Clammyweed	Polanisia	50
Clearweed	Pilea	50
Clematis	Clematis	39
Cleomella	Cleomella	39
Cliffbrake	Pellaea	28
Climbing-buckwheat	Polygonum convolvulus	50
Climbingmilkweed	Ampelamus albidus	35
Cloakfern	Notholaena	28
Clover	Trifolium	34
Cockle, white	Lychnis alba	47
Cocklebur	Xanthium	55
Cockspur	Echinochloa	21
Coffeetree	Gymnocladus	32, 57
Cogongrass	Imperata	22
Collinsia	Collinsia	39
Columbine	Aquilegia	36
Comandra	Comandra	39
Compassplant	Silphium laciniatum	53
Coneflower	Dracopis; Rudbeckia	41, 51
Conyza	Conyza	40
Copperleaf	Acalypha	35
Cordgrass	Spartina	25
Coreopsis	Coreopsis	40
Corkwing, mountain	Cymopterus montanus	40
Corn	Zea	26
Corncockle	Agrostemma	35
Cornflower	Centaurea cyanus	38
Cornsalad	Valerianella	54
Corydalis	Corydalis	40
Cotton	Gossypium	44
Cottontop	Trichachne	26
Cottonwood	Populus	57
Cowlily	Nuphar	48
Cowpea	Vigna	35
Crabapple	Pyrus	57
Crabgrass	Digitaria	20
Crazyweed	Oxytropis	33
Creeper	Parthenocissus	57
Cress, hoary	Cardaria draba	38
Cristatella	Cristatella	40
Crotalaria	Crotalaria	31
Croton	Croton	40
Crotonopsis	Crotonopsis	40
Crowfoot	Ranunculus	51
Crownbeard	Verbesina	55
Crownvetch	Coronilla	31
Cryptantha	Cryptantha	40
Cudweed	Gnaphalium	43
Culversphysic	Veronicastrum virginicum	55
Cupgrass	Eriochloa	21
Cuphea	Cuphea	40
Curlymesquite	Hilaria belangeri	22
Currant	Ribes	58
Cutgrass	Leersia	22
Cyclanthera	Cyclanthera	40
Cymopterus	Cymopterus	40
Dalea	Dalea	31
Dallisgrass	Paspalum dilatatum	24
Dandelion	Taraxacum	54
Danthonia	Danthonia	20
Darnel	Lolium temulentum	22
Datura	Datura	41
Dayflower	Commelina	29
Deathcamas	Zygadenus	30
Deervetch	Lotus	32
Devilsclaw	Proboscidea	51
Dewberry	Rubus	58
Dianthera	Justicia	45
Diaperia	Diaperia	41
Dicliptera	Dicliptera	41
Ditaxis	Ditaxis	41
Dock	Rumex	51
Dodder	Cuscuta	40
Dogbane	Apocynum	36
Dogtail	Cynosurus	20
Dogweed	Dyssodia	41
Dogwood	Cornus	56
Draba	Draba	41
Dropseed	Sporobolus	25
Ducksmeat	Spirodela	30
Duckweed	Lemna	29
Dutchmans-breeches	Dicentra cucullaria	41
Dutchmanspipe	Aristolochia	36
Dwarfdandelion	Krigia	45
Echinacea	Echinacea	41
Echinocereus	Echinocereus	41
Einkorn	Triticum monococcum	26
Elderberry	Sambucus	59
Elephantsfoot	Elephantopus	41
Ellisia	Ellisia	41
Elm	Ulmus	59
Elodea	Elodea	29
Emmer	Triticum dicoccum	26
Engelmanndaisy	Engelmannia	41
Eriogonum	Eriogonum	42
Eryngo	Eryngium	42
Erysimum	Erysimum	42
Eulophus	Perideridia	49
Euonymus	Euonymus	56
Eupatorium	Eupatorium	42
Euphorbia	Euphorbia	42
Eveningprimrose	Oënothera	48
Evolvulus	Evolvulus	42
False-alyssum	Berteroa	37
Falseboneset	Kuhnia eupatorioides	45
Falsebuffalograss	Munroa	23
Falsedandelion	Pyrrhopappus	51
Falseflax	Camelina	38
Falsegarlic	Nothoscordum	29
Falsegrape	Ampelopsis	55
Falsenettle	Boehmeria	38
Falsenightshade	Chamaesaracha	39
Falsepennyroyal	Hedeoma	44
Falsepimpernel	Lindernia	46
Fameflower	Talinum	54
Fawnlily	Erythronium	29
Feathergrass, New Mexico	Stipa neomexicana	26
Feathertop	Pennisetum villosum	24
Fenugreek	Trigonella foenum-graecum	34
Fescue	Festuca	21
Figwort	Scrophularia	52
Filaree	Erodium cicutarium	42
Filbert	Corylus	56
Fimbristylis	Fimbristylis	27
Fingergrass	Digitaria	20
Fireweed	Epilobium angustifolium	41
Flatsedge	Cyperus	27
Flaveria	Flaveria	42
Flax	Linum	46
Fleabane	Erigeron	41
Flowerofanhour	Hibiscus trionum	44
Fluffgrass	Tridens pulchellus	26
Fluxweed	Isanthus	45
Fogfruit, wedgeleaf	Lippia lanceolata	46
Forgetmenot	Myosotis	48
Fountaingrass	Pennisetum ruppelii	24
Four-o’clock	Mirabilis	48
Foxtail	Alopecurus	18
Fringeorchid	Habenaria	29
Fuirena	Fuirena	27
Funnellily	Androstephium	29
Gaillardia	Gaillardia	43
Galleta	Hilaria jamesii	22
Galleta, big	Hilaria rigida	22
Gamagrass	Tripsacum	26
Garlic	Allium	29
Garlicmustard	Alliaria	35
Gaura	Gaura	43
Gayfeather	Liatris	46
Gentian	Gentiana	43
Geranium	Geranium	43
Gerardia	Gerardia	43
Germander	Teucrium	54
Ghostpipe	Orobanche uniflora	49
Gianthyssop	Agastache	35
Giantreed	Arundo	19
Gilia	Gilia	43
Ginkgo	Ginkgo	57
Globemallow	Sphaeralcea	53
Goatgrass	Aegilops	18
Goldaster	Chrysopsis	39
Goldenrod	Solidago	53
Goldenweed	Haplopappus	44
Goldstargrass	Hypoxis hirsuta	29
Gooseberry	Ribes	58
Goosefoot	Chenopodium	39
Goosegrass	Eleusine	21
Grama	Bouteloua	19
Grape	Vitis	59
Greasewood	Sarcobatus	59
Greenbriar	Smilax	30
Greenthread	Thelesperma	54
Gromwell	Lithospermum	46
Groundcherry	Physalis	49
Groundivy	Glechoma hederacea	43
Groundsel	Senecio	52
Guineagrass	Panicum maximum	23
Gumweed	Grindelia	43
Hackberry	Celtis	56
Hairgrass	Aira; Deschampsia	18, 20
Hairsedge bulbstyle	Bulbostylis cappillaris	27
Hardinggrass	Phalaris tuberosa var. stenoptera	24
Haresear	Conringia	40
Hawkweed	Hieracium	44
Hawthorn	Crataegus	56
Hazel	Corylus	56
Hedgehyssop	Gratiola	43
Hedgemustard	Sisymbrium officinale	53
Heliopsis	Heliopsis	44
Heliotrope	Heliotropium	44
Hemicarpha	Hemicarpha	28
Hemp	Cannabis	38
Henbit	Lamium amplexicaule	46
Hibiscus	Hibiscus	44
Hickory	Carya	56
Hilaria	Hilaria	22
Hoarhound	Marrubium	47
Hogpeanut	Amphicarpa	30
Holly	Ilex	57
Hollyfern	Polystichum	28
Honeylocust	Gleditsia	31, 57
Honeysuckle	Lonicera	47, 57
Hop	Humulus	45
Hophornbeam	Ostrya	57
Hoptree	Ptelea	57
Hornwort	Ceratophyllum	38
Horsebean	Vicia faba var. equina	34
Horsegentian	Triosteum	54
Horsenettle	Solanum carolinense	53
Horseradish	Armoracia lapathifolia	36
Horsetail	Equisetum	28
Horseweed	Conyza canadensis	40
Houndstongue	Cynoglossum	40
Hyacinthbean	Dolichos	31
Hymenopappus	Hymenopappus	45
Hymenoxys	Hymenoxys	45
Hyparrhenia	Hyparrhenia	22
Indiangrass	Sorghastrum	25
Indianplantain	Cacalia	38
Indigo	Indigofera	32
Iris	Iris	29
Ironplant	Haplopappus spinulosus	44
Ironweed	Vernonia	55
Isopyrum	Isopyrum	45
Jackinthepulpit	Arisaema	29
Japanesemillet	Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea	21
Jaragua	Hyparrhenia rufa	22
Jerusalemartichoke	Helianthus tuberosus	44
Jimsonweed	Datura stramonium	41
Jobstears	Coix	20
Joepyeweed	Eupatorium	42
Johnnyjumpup	Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii	55
Johnsongrass	Sorghum halepense	25
Jointtail	Manisuris	22
Junegrass	Koeleria	22
Juniper	Juniperus	57
Kale	Brassica oleracea var. acephala	38
Kidneyvetch	Anthyllis	30
Kikuyugrass	Pennisetum clandestinum	24
Knapweed, Russian	Centaurea repens	38
Knotgrass	Paspalum distichum	24
Knotweed	Polygonum	50
Kochia	Kochia	45
Krameria	Krameria	45
Kudzu	Pueraria	33
Kuhnia	Kuhnia	45
Lacegrass	Eragrostis capillaris	21
Ladiestresses	Spiranthes	30
Ladyslipper	Cypripedium	29
Lambsquarters	Chenopodium album	39
Larkspur	Delphinium	41
Lawngrass, Japanese	Zoysia japonica	26
Leadplant	Amorpha canescens	30, 55
Lentil	Lens	32
Lespedeza	Lespedeza	32, 57
Lettuce	Lactuca	46
Licorice	Glycyrrhiza	32
Lilac	Syringa	59
Lily	Lilium	29
Linden	Tilia	59
Lionsheart	Physostegia	50
Lipfern	Cheilanthes	28
Lippia	Lippia	46
Lobelia	Lobelia	47
Loco	Astragalus	30
Locust	Robinia	34, 58
Lomatium	Lomatium	47
Longtom	Paspalum lividum	24
Loosestrife	Lysimachia	47
Lophotocarpus	Lophotocarpus	29
Lopseed	Phryma	49
Lotus	Nelumbo	48
Lovegrass	Eragrostis	21
Lupine	Lupinus	32
Lythrum	Lythrum	47
Macuillamia	Bacopa	37
Maidenhairfern	Adiantum	28
Malacothrix	Malacothrix	47
Mallow	Malva	47
Mamillaria	Mamillaria	47
Manillagrass	Zoysia matrella	26
Mannagrass	Glyceria	22
Maple	Acer	55
Marbleseed	Onosmodium	48
Marshfern	Dryopteris thelypteris	28
Mascarenegrass	Zoysia tenuifolia	26
Matgrass	Nardus	23
Matrimonyvine	Lycium halimifolium	57
Mayapple	Podophyllum	50
Meadowrue	Thalictrum	54
Medic	Medicago	32
Melic	Melica	22
Mentzelia	Mentzelia	47
Mesquite	Prosopis	33, 57
Milkvetch	Astragalus	30
Milkweed	Asclepias	36
Millet	Panicum; Setaria	25
Mint	Mentha	47
Mitchellgrass	Astrebla	19
Mockbishopweed	Ptilimnium	51
Mockcucumber	Echinocystis	41
Molassesgrass	Melinis	22
Moneywort	Lysimachia nummularia	47
Monkeyflower	Mimulus	47
Monolepis	Monolepis	48
Moonseed	Menispermum	47
Morningglory	Ipomoea	45
Motherwort	Leonurus	46
Mountainash	Sorbus	59
Mountainmint	Pycnanthemum	51
Mousetail	Myosurus	48
Mudplantain	Heteranthera	29
Muhly	Muhlenbergia	22
Mulberry	Morus	57
Mullein	Verbascum	54
Muskthistle	Carduus nutans	38
Mustard	Brassica	38
Naiad	Najas	29
Nailwort	Paronychia	49
Napiergrass	Pennisetum purpureum	24
Nasturtium	Nasturtium	48
Natalgrass	Rhynchelytrum roseum	25
Needleandthread	Stipa comata	26
Needlegrass	Stipa	26
Nemastylis	Nemastylis	29
Nepeta	Nepeta	48
Nettle	Urtica	54
Nightshade	Solanum	53
Nimblewill	Muhlenbergia schreberi	23
Nitgrass	Gastridium	22
Noseburn	Tragia	54
Nutgrass	Cyperus	27
Oak	Quercus	58
Oakleech	Dasistoma	41
Oat	Avena	19
Oatgrass	Arrhenatherum	19
Okra	Hibiscus esculentus	44
Onion	Allium	29
Oniongrass	Melica	22
Orach, tumbling	Atriplex rosea	37
Orchardgrass	Dactylis	20
Orcuttia	Orcuttia	23
Oregongrape	Mahonia aquifolium	57
Osageorange	Maclura	57
Othake	Palafoxia	49
Oxalis	Oxalis	49
Oxeyedaisy	Chrysanthemum leucanthemum	39
Paintbrush	Castilleja	38
Paleseed	Conobea	40
Pampasgrass	Cortaderia	20
Pangolagrass	Digitaria decumbens	20
Panicum	Panicum	23
Paperflower	Psilostrophe	51
Pappusgrass	Pappophorum	24
Paragrass	Panicum purpurascens	23
Parrotfeather	Myriophyllum	48
Parsnip	Pastinaca	49
Parthenium	Parthenium	49
Partridgepea	Cassia	31
Paspalum	Paspalum	24
Pawpaw	Asimina	55
Pea	Pisum	33
Peanut	Arachis	30
Pear	Pyrus communis	57
Pearlmillet	Pennisetum glaucum	24
Pearlwort	Sagina	52
Peashrub	Caragana	31, 56
Peavine	Lathyrus	32
Pecan	Carya illinoensis	56
Pectis	Pectis	49
Pedicularis	Pedicularis	49
Pellitory	Parietaria	49
Pencilflower	Stylosanthes	34
Pennisetum	Pennisetum	24
Pennycress	Thlaspi	54
Penstemon	Penstemon	49
Penthorum	Penthorum	49
Peppergrass	Lenidium densiflorum	46
Pepperweed	Lepidium	46
Pepperwort	Marsilea	28
Perilla	Perilla	49
Persimmon	Diospyros	56
Phacelia	Phacelia	49
Phlox	Phlox	49
Pigeonpea	Cajanus	31
Pigweed	Amaranthus	35
Pimpernel	Anagallis	35
Pinedropseed	Blepharoneuron	19
Pinegrass	Calamagrostis rubescens	20
Pinweed	Lechea	46
Plantain	Plantago	50
Plum	Prunus	57
Plumegrass	Erianthus	21
Poisonhemlock	Conium maculatum	40
Poisonivy	Rhus radicans	58
Poisonvetch	Astragalus	30
Pokeberry	Phytolacca	50
Polemonium	Polemonium	50
Polygala	Polygala	50
Polypogon	Polypogon	25
Polytaenia	Polytaenia	50
Pondweed	Potamogeton	29
Poolmat	Zannichellia	30
Poplar	Populus	57
Poppymallow	Callirhoë	38
Porcupinegrass	Stipa spartea	26
Portulaca	Portulaca	50
Potato	Solanum tuberosum	53
Potatobean	Apios	30
Prairieclover	Petalostemum	33
Prairieconeflower	Ratibida	51
Prairiegentian	Eustoma	42
Pricklyash	Xanthoxylum	59
Pricklypear	Opuntia	48
Pricklypoppy	Argemone	36
Princesplume	Stanleya	53
Proso	Panicum miliaceum	23
Puncturevine	Tribulus	54
Purplerocket	Iodanthus	45
Purpletop	Tridens flavus	26
Purslane	Portulaca	50
Pussytoes	Antennaria	35
Quackgrass	Agropyron repens	18
Quakinggrass	Briza	19
Quickweed	Galinsoga	43
Quillwort	Isoëtes	28
Rabbitbrush	Chrysothamnus	56
Radish	Raphanus	51
Ragweed	Ambrosia	35
Rainlily	Cooperia	29
Rape	Brassica rapa	38
Raspberry	Rubus	58
Rattlesnakefern	Botrychium	28
Rattlesnakeroot	Prenanthes	51
Ravennagrass	Erianthus ravennae	21
Razorsedge	Scleria	28
Redbud	Cercis	31, 56
Redcedar	Juniperus virginiana	57
Redtop	Agrostis alba	18
Reed	Phragmites	24
Reedgrass	Calamagrostis	20
Rhodesgrass	Chloris gayana	20
Rhubarb	Rheum	51
Rice	Oryza	23
Ricegrass	Oryzopsis	23
Ricegrass, Mandan	X Striporyzopsis caduca	26
Ringwing	Cycloloma	40
Rockcress	Arabis	36
Rocket	Hesperis	44
Rocketsalad	Eruca	42
Rockjasmine	Androsace	35
Rose	Rosa	58
Rosegentian	Sabatia	52
Rosemallow	Hibiscus	44
Rosinweed	Silphium	53
Rotala	Rotala	51
Ruellia	Ruellia	51
Rush	Juncus	28
Rushpea	Hoffmanseggia	32
Russianolive	Elaeagnus	56
Russianthistle	Salsola	52
Rutabaga	Brassica rapa	38
Rye	Secale	25
Ryegrass	Lolium	22
Sacaton	Sporobolus	25, 26
Safflower	Carthamus	38
Sage	Salvia	52
Sagebrush	Artemisia	36, 55
Sagewort	Artemisia	36
Sainfoin	Onobrychis	33
Salsify	Tragopogon	54
Saltbush	Atriplex	37, 55
Saltgrass	Distichlis	21
Samolus	Samolus	52
Sandbur	Cenchrus	20
Sandgrass	Triplasis	26
Sandreed	Calamovilfa	20
Sandverbena	Abronia	35
Sandwort	Arenaria	36
Sanicle	Sanicula	52
Sassafras	Sassafras	59
Scouringrush	Equisetum	28
Scurfpea	Psoralea	33
Seablite	Suaeda	54
Sedge	Carex	27
Seedbox	Ludwigia	47
Seepweed	Suaeda	54
Selenia	Selenia	52
Selfheal	Prunella	51
Senna	Cassia	31
Sensitivebriar	Schrankia	34
Sensitivefern	Onoclea	28
Serradella	Ornithopus	33
Serviceberry	Amelanchier	55
Sesame	Sesamum	52
Sesbania	Sesbania	34
Shepherdspurse	Capsella	38
Shootingstar	Dodecatheon	41
Sicklepod	Arabis canadensis	36
Sida	Sida	52
Silene	Silene	52
Silvergrass	Miscanthus	22
Sisymbrium	Sisymbrium	53
Skeletongrass	Gymnopogon	22
Skeletonplant	Lygodesmia	47
Skullcap	Scutellaria	52
Sleepygrass	Stipa robusta	26
Sloughgrass	Beckmannia	19
Smartweed	Polygonum	50
Smilograss	Oryzopsis miliacea	23
Smutgrass, rattail	Sporobolus poiretii	26
Snailseed	Cocculus	39
Snakecotton	Froelichia	43
Snakeroot, white	Eupatorium rugosum	42
Snakeweed	Gutierrezia	43, 57
Snapweed	Impatiens	45
Sneezeweed	Helenium	44
Snowberry	Symphoricarpos	59
Snow-on-the-mountain	Euphorbia marginata	42
Soapberry	Sapindus	59
Soapweed	Yucca	30, 59
Soapwort	Saponaria	52
Solomonplume	Smilacina	30
Solomonseal	Polygonatum	29
Sophora	Sophora	34
Sorghum	Sorghum	25
Sorrel	Rumex	51
Sowthistle	Sonohus	53
Soybean	Glycine	31
Spanishneedles	Bidens bipinnata	37
Speedwell	Veronica	55
Spermolepis	Spermolepis	53
Spiderflower	Cleome	39
Spiderwort	Tradescantia	30
Spikesedge	Eleocharis	27
Spleenwort	Aspleninum	28
Sprangletop	Leptochloa	22
Springbeauty	Claytonia	39
Spurge	Euphorbia	42
Squirreltail	Sitanion	25
St. augustinegrass	Stenotaphrum	26
St. johnswort	Hypericum	45
Stargrass	Cynodon plectostachyum	20
Stenosiphon	Stenosiphon	54
Stickseed	Hackelia; Lappula	44, 46
Stillingia	Stillingia	54
Stinkgrass	Eragrostis cilianensis	21
Stonecrop	Sedum	52
Strawberry	Fragaria	42
Sudangrass	Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense	25
Sugarcane	Saccharum	25
Sulla	Hedysarum	32
Sumac	Rhus	58
Sumpweed	Iva	45
Sunflower	Helianthus	44
Sunrose	Helianthemum	44
Sweetclover	Melilotus	33
Sweetflag	Acorus	29
Sweetpea	Lathyrus odoratus	32
Sweetpotato	Ipomoea batatas	45
Sweetroot	Osmorhiza	49
Switchgrass	Panicum virgatum	24
Sycamore	Platanus	57
Taenidia	Taenidia	54
Tamarisk	Tamarix	59
Tangierpea	Lathyrus tingitanus	32
Tanglehead	Heteropogon	22
Tansy	Tanacetum	54
Tansymustard	Descurainia	41
Teff	Eragrostis tef	21
Teosinte	Euchlaena	21
Tephrosia	Tephrosia	34
Thaspium	Thaspium	54
Thatchgrass	Hyparrhenia hirta	22
Themeda	Themeda	26
Thermopsis	Thermopsis	34
Thimbleberry, fragrant	Rubus odoratus	58
Thistle	Cirsium	39
Threeawn	Aristida	19
Tickclover	Desmodium	31
Tickseed	Corispermum	40
Tidestromia	Tidestromia	54
Timothy	Phleum	24
Toadflax	Linaria	46
Tobacco	Nicotiana	48
Tobosa	Hilaria mutica	22
Tomato	Lycopersicum	47
Toothwort	Dentaria	41
Torpedograss	Panicum repens	23
Tovara	Tovara	54
Townsendia	Townsendia	54
Treeofheaven	Ailanthus	55
Trefoil	Lotus	32
Trichloris	Trichloris	26
Tridens	Tridens	26
Trigonella	Trigonella	34
Trisetum	Trisetum	26
Trumpetcreeper	Campsis	56
Tumblegrass	Schedonnardus	25
Tumblemustard	Sisymbrium altissimum	53
Tumbleweed	Amaranthus graecizans	35
Turnip	Brassica napus	38
Uniola	Uniola	26
Vaseygrass	Paspalum urvillei	24
Velvetbean	Stizolobium	34
Velvetgrass	Holcus	22
Velvetleaf	Abutilon theophrasti	35
Venuslookingglass	Specularia	53
Verbena	Verbena	54
Vernalgrass	Anthoxanthum	18
Vetch	Vicia	34
Viburnum	Viburnum	59
Vinemesquite	Panicum obtusum	23
Violet	Viola	55
Virginsbower	Clematis virginiana	39
Wahoo, eastern	Euonymus atropurpureus	56
Walkingfern	Camptosorus	28
Walnut	Juglans	57
Watercress	Rorippa	51
Waterhemlock	Cicuta	39
Waterhemp	Acnida	35
Waterhyssop, disk	Bacopa rotundifolia	37
Waterleaf	Hydrophyllum	45
Waterlily	Nymphaea	48
Waterplantain	Alisma	29
Waterprimrose	Jussiaea	45
Waterstarwort	Callitriche	38
Wedgescale	Sphenopholis	25
Westerndaisy	Astranthium	37
Wheat	Triticum	26
Wheatgrass	Agropyron	18
Whitegrass	Leersia virginica	22
Widgeongrass	Ruppia	30
Wildbean	Strophostyles	34
Wildginger	Asarum	36
Wildindigo	Baptisia	31
Wildrice	Zizania; Zizaniopsis	26
Wildrye	Elymus	21
Willow	Salix	58
Willowweed	Epilobium	41
Windmillgrass	Chloris verticillata	20
Wingstem	Verbesina alternifolia	55
Wintercress	Barbarea	37
Winterfat	Eurotia	56
Wirelettuce	Stephanomeria	54
Wisteria	Wisteria	35, 59
Witchgrass	Leptoloma; Panicum	22, 23
Witchweed	Striga lutea	54
Wolffia	Wolffia	30
Wolftail	Lycurus	22
Woodfern	Dryopteris	28
Woodnettle	Laportea	46
Woodreed	Cinna	20
Woodsia	Woodsia	28
Yam	Dioscorea	29
Yarrow	Achillea	35
Yerbadetajo	Eclipta alba	41
Zinnia	Zinnia	55
Zizia	Zizia	55
Zoysia	Zoysia	26

[Pg 18]

GRASSES

Aegilops cylindrica Host	goatgrass
Agropyron Gaertn.	wheatgrass
cristatum[9] (L.) Gaertn.	fairway w.
dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn.	thickspike w.
desertorum[9] (Fisch.) Schult.	crested w.
elongatum[10] (Host) Beauv.	tall w.
inerme (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb.	beardless w.
intermedium[11] (Host) Beauv.	intermediate w.
repens (L.) Beauv.	quackgrass
riparium Scribn. & Smith	streambank w.
semicostatum (Steud.) Nees ex Boiss.	drooping w.
sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv.	Siberian w.
smithii Rydb.	western w.
spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith	bluebunch w.
subsecundum (Link) Hitchc.	bearded w.
trachycaulum (Link) Malte	slender w.
trichophorum[11] (Link) Richt.	pubescent w.
Agrostis L.	bentgrass
alba L.	redtop
canina L.	velvet b.
diegoensis Vasey	thin b.
exarata Trin.	spike b.
hiemalis (Walt.) B.S.P.	winter b.
palustris Huds.	creeping b.
tenuis Sibth.	colonial b.
var. aristata (Parnell) Druce	awned c. b.
Aira caryophyllea L.	silver hairgrass
Alopecurus L.	foxtail
aequalis Sobol.	shortawn f.
arundinaceus Poir.	creeping f.
carolinianus Walt.	Carolina f.
myosuroides Huds.	mouse f.
pratensis L.	meadow f.
Ammophila Host	beachgrass
arenaria (L.) Link	European b.
breviligulata Fernald	American b.
Andropogon L.	bluestem
barbinodis Lag.	cane b.
elliotti Chapm.	elliott b.
gerardi Vitman	big b.
glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P.	bushy b.
hallii Hack.	sand b.
intermedius R. Brown[12]	caucasian b.
ischaemum L.[13]	Turkestan b.
nodosus (Willem.) Nash	angleton b.
perforatus Trin. ex Fourn.	pinhole b.
saccharoides Swartz	silver b.
scoparius Michx.	little b.
tener (Nees) Kunth	slender b.
ternarius Michx.	splitbeard b.
virginicus L.	broomsedge
Anthoxanthum odoratum L.	sweet vernalgrass
Aristida L.	threeawn[Pg 19]
adscensionis L.	sixweeks t.
arizonica Vasey	Arizona t.
basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey	forktip t.
curtissii (A. Gray) Nash	curtiss t.
desmantha Trin. & Rupr.	curly t.
dichotoma Michx.	churchmouse t.
divaricata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.	poverty t.
fendleriana Steud.	fendler t.
intermedia Scribn. & Ball	kearney t.
longespica Poir.	slimspike t.
longiseta Steud.	red t.
oligantha Michx.	prairie t.
orcuttiana Vasey	single t.
purpurascens Poir.	arrowfeather t.
purpurea Nutt.	purple t.
ramosissima Engelm. ex A. Gray	s-curve t.
wrightii Nash	wright t.
Arrhenatherum Beauv.	oatgrass
elatius (L.) Presl	tall o.
var. bulbosum (Willd.) Spenner	tuber o.
Arundinaria Michx.	cane
gigantea (Walt) Muhl.	giant c.
tecta (Walt) Muhl.	switch c.
Arundo donax L.	giantreed
Astrebla pectinata F.v.M.[14]	mitchellgrass
Avena L.	oat
barbata Brot.	slender o.
byzantina C. Koch	red o.
fatua L.	wild o.
nuda L.	naked o.
sativa L.	common o.
Axonopus affinis Chase	carpetgrass
Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald	American sloughgrass
Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash	pinedropseed
Bouteloua Lag.	grama
barbata Lag.	sixweeks g.
chondrosioides (H.B.K.) Benth. ex S. Wats.	sprucetop g.
curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.	sideoats g.
eriopoda (Torr.) Torr.	black g.
filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths	slender g.
gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.	blue g.
hirsuta Lag.	hairy g.
rothrockii Vasey	rothrock g.
Briza L.	quakinggrass
maxima L.	big q.
media L.	perennial q.
minor L.	little q.
Bromus L.	brome
arenarius Labill.	Australian b.
arvensis L.	field b.
brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey.	rattle b.
carinatus[15] Hook. & Arn.	mountain b.
catharticus Vahl.	rescue b.
ciliatus[16] L.	fringed b.
commutatus Schrad.	hairy b.
erectus Huds.	meadow b.
frondosus (Shear) Woot. & Standl.	weeping b.
inermis Leyss.	smooth b.[17][Pg 20]
japonicus Thunb.	Japanese b.
madritensis L.	Spanish b.
mollis L.	soft b.
purgans L.	Canada b.
racemosus L.	bald b.
rigidus Roth	ripgut b.
rubens L.	red b.
secalinus L.	cheat
stamineus[18] E. Desv.	harlan b.
sterilis L.	poverty b.
tectorum L.	downy b.
tomentellus[18] Boiss.	Russian b.
vulgaris (Hook.) Shear	Columbia b.
Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.	buffalograss
Calamagrostis Adans.	reedgrass
canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.	bluejoint r.
epigeios (L.) Roth	chee r.
inexpansa A. Gray	northern r.
rubescens Buckl.	pinegrass
Calamovilfa Hack.	sandreed
gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr.	big s.
longifolia (Hook.) Scribn.	prairie s.
Cenchrus L.	sandbur
myosuroides H.B.K.	big s.
pauciflorus Benth.	sandbur
setigerus[19] Vahl	birdwoodgrass
Chloris Swartz	chloris; windmillgrass[20]
distichophylla Lag.	weeping c.
gayana Kunth	rhodesgrass
verticillata Nutt.	windmillgrass
virgata Swartz	showy c.
Cinna arundinacea L.	stout woodreed
Coix lacryma-jobi L.	jobstears
Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Aschers. & Graebn.	pampasgrass
Cynodon L. Rich.	bermudagrass
dactylon (L.) Pers.	bermudagrass
plectostachyum[19] (Schum.) Pilger	stargrass
transvaalensis Burtt-Davy	African b.
Cynosurus cristatus L.	crested dogtail
Dactylis glomerata L.	orchardgrass
Danthonia Lam. & DC.	danthonia
californica Boland.	California d.
intermedia Vasey	timber d.
pilosa R. Br.	hairy d.
spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.	poverty d.
Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.	tufted hairgrass
Diarrhena americana Beauv.	American beakgrain
Digitaria Heister	crabgrass; fingergrass[21]
decumbens Stent	pangolagrass
filiformis (L.) Koel.	slender f.
ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.	smooth c.
sanguinalis (L.) Scop.	crabgrass
Distichlis Raf.	saltgrass[Pg 21]
spicata (L.) Greene	seashore s.
stricta (Torr.) Rydb.	inland s.
Echinochloa Beauv.	cockspur
crusgalli (L.) Beauv.	barnyardgrass
var. frumentacea (Roxb.) W. F. Wight	japanesemillet
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.	goosegrass
Elymus L.	wildrye
arenanius L.	European dune w.
canadensis L.	Canada w.
caput-medusae L.	medusahead w.
chinensis (Trin.) Keng [A. pseudo-agropyron (Griseb.) Franch.][22]	Chinese w.
cinereus Scribn. & Merr.	basin w.
condensatus Presl	giant w.
giganteus Vahl	mammoth w.
glaucus Buckl.	blue w.
junceus[22] Fish.	Russian w.
macounii Vasey	macoun w.
triticoides Buckl.	beardless w.
villosus Muhl.	hairy w.
virginicus L.	Virginia w.
Eragrostis Beauv.	lovegrass
barrelieri Daveau	Mediterranean l.
capillaris (L.) Nees	lacegrass
chloromelas Steud.	boer l.
cilianensis (All.) Lutati	stinkgrass
curtipedicellata Buckl.	gummy l.
curvula (Schrad.) Nees	weeping l.
frankii C. A. Meyer ex Steud.	sandbar l.
hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P.	teal l.
intermedia Hitchc.	plains l.
lehmanniana Nees	lehmann l.
oxylepis (Torr.) Torr. (not E. secundiflora Presl as shown in older manuals)	red l.
pectinacea (Michx.) Nees	Carolina l.
pilosa (L.) Beauv.	India l.
poaeoides Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.	little l.
secundiflora Presl (see E. oxylepis)
sessilispica Buckl.	tumble l.
spectabilis (Pursh) Steud.	purple l.
tef (Zuccagni) Trotter	teff
trichodes (Nutt.) Wood	sand l.
Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.	centipedegrass
Erianthus Michx.	plumegrass
ravennae (L.) Beauv.	ravennagrass
Eriochloa contracta Hitchc.	prairie cupgrass
Euchlaena mexicana Schrad.	teosinte
Festuca L.	fescue
arizonica Vasey	Arizona f.
arundinacea Schreb.	tall f.
elatior L.	meadow f.
idahoensis Elmer	Idaho f.
megalura Nutt.	foxtail f.
myuros L.	rattail f.
obtusa Bieler	nodding f.
octoflora Walt.	sixweeks f.
ovina L.	sheep f.
var. duriuscula (L.) Koch	hard f.
paradoxa Desv.	cluster f.
rubra L.	red f.[Pg 22]
var. commutata Gaud.	chewings f.
scabrella Torr.	rough f.
thurberi Vasey	thurber f.
viridula Vasey	green f.
Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell.	nitgrass
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.	fowl mannagrass
Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P.	bearded skeletongrass
Heteropogon Pers.	tanglehead
contortus (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.	tanglehead
melanocarpus (Ell.) Benth.	sweet t.
Hilaria H.B.K.	hilaria
belangeri (Steud.) Nash	curlymesquite
jamesii (Torr.) Benth.	galleta
mutica (Buckl.) Benth.	tobosa
rigida (Thurb.) Benth.	big galleta
Holcus lanatus L.	velvetgrass
Hordeum L.	barley
brachyantherum Nevski	northern-meadow b.
jubatum L.	foxtail b.
var. caespitosum (Scribn.) Hitchc.	bobtail b.
nodosum L.[23]	meadow b.
pusillum Nutt.	little b.
vulgare L.	barley
Hyparrhenia Anderss. ex Stapf	hyparrhenia
hirta (L.) Stapf	thatchgrass
rufa (Nees) Stapf	jaragua
Hystrix patula Moench	bottlebrushgrass
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.	cogongrass
Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers.	prairie junegrass
Leersia Swartz	cutgrass
lenticularis Michx.	catchflygrass
oryzoides (L.) Swartz	rice c.
virginica Willd.	whitegrass
Leptochloa Beauv.	sprangletop
dubia (H.B.K.) Nees	green s.
fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray	bearded s.
filiformis (Lam.) Beauv.	red s.
Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase	fall witchgrass
Lolium L.	ryegrass
multiflorum Lam.	Italian r.
perenne L.	perennial r.
temulentum L.	darnel
Lycurus phleoides H.B.K.	wolftail
Manisuris L.	jointtail
cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze	Carolina j.
tuberculosa Nash	Florida j.
Melica L.	melic; oniongrass[24]
bulbosa Geyer ex Port. & Coult.	oniongrass
imperfecta Trin.	coastrange m.
mutica Walt.	twoflower m.
nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper	threeflower m.
porteri Scribn.	porter m.
Melinis minutiflora Beauv.	molassesgrass
Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.	Chinese silvergrass
Muhlenbergia Schreb.	muhly
andina (Nutt.) Hitchc.	foxtail m.
arenicola Buckl.	sand m.
asperifolia (Nees & Mey.) Parodi	alkali m.[Pg 23]
brachyphylla Bush	nodding m.
capillaris (Lam.) Trin.	hairawn m.
cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb.	plains m.
filiformis (Thurb.) Rydb.	pullup m.
foliosa (Roem. & Schult.) Trin.[25]	leafy m.
frondosa (Poir.) Fernald	wirestem m.
var. mexicana (L.) Trin. forma commutata (Scribn.) Fernald (based on M. mexicana subsp. commutata Scribn.)	bearded w. m.
montana (Nutt.) Hitchc.	mountain m.
porteri Scribn.	porter m.
pungens Thurb.	sandhill m.
racemosa (Michx.) B.S.P.	green m.
schreberi Gmel.	nimblewill
sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin.	rock m.
squarrosa (Trin.) Rydb.[26]	mat m.
sylvatica (Torr.) Torr.	forest m.
torreyi (Kunth) Hitchc. ex Bush	ring m.
wrightii Vasey	spike m.
Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr.	falsebuffalograss
Nardus stricta L.	matgrass
Orcuttia Vasey	orcuttia
Oryza sativa L.	rice
Oryzopsis Michx.	ricegrass
hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker	Indian r.
miliacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. ex Aschers. & Schweinf.	smilograss
Panicum L.	panicum; witchgrass
agrostoides Spreng.	redtop p.
anceps Michx.	beaked p.
antidotale Retz.	blue p.
bulbosum H.B.K.	bulb p.
capillare L.	common w.
var. occidentale Rydb.	cushion w.
depauperatum Muhl.	stunted p.
dichotomiflorum Michx.	fall p.
gatttingeri Nash	gattinger w.
hillmani Chase	hillman p.
huachucae Ashe	huachuca p.
latifolium L.	wideleaf p.
leibergii (Vasey) Scribn.	leiberg p.
lindheimeri Nash	lindheimer p.
linearifolium Scribn.	slimleaf p.
malacophyllum Nash	softleaf p.
maximum Jacq.	guineagrass
miliaceum L.	proso
obtusum H.B.K.	vinemesquite
perlongum Nash	elongate p.
praecocius Hitchc. & Chase	early p.
purpurascens Raddi	paragrass
ramosum L.	browntopmillet
repens L.	torpedograss
scoparium Lam.	velvet p.
scribnerianum Nash	scribner p.
sphaerocarpon Ell.	roundseed p.
tennesseense Ashe	Tennessee p.[Pg 24]
texanum Buckl.	Texas p.
villosissimum Nash	hairy p.
virgatum L.	switchgrass
werneri Scribn.	werner p.
wilcoxianum Vasey	wilcox p.
Pappophorum mucronulatum Nees	pappusgrass
Paspalum L.	paspalum
ciliatifolium Michx.	fringeleaf p.
circulare Nash	roundseed p.
dilatatum Poir.	dallisgrass
distichum L.	knotgrass
floridanum Michx.	Florida p.
var. glabratum Engelm. ex Vasey	smooth F. p.
fluitans (Ell.) Kunth	horsetail p.
laeve Michx.	field p.
lividum Trin.	longtom
malacophyllum Trin.	ribbed p.
notatum Flügge	bahiagrass
plicatulum Michx.	brownseed p.
pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn.	hairyseed p.
repens Bergius[27]	horsetail p.
stramineum Nash	sand p.
urvillei Steud.	vaseygrass
Pennisetum L. Rich.	pennisetum
alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.	Chinese p.
ciliare (L.) Link	buffelgrass
clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.	kikuyugrass
glaucum[28] (L.) R. Br.	pearlmillet
purpureum Schumach	napiergrass
ruppelii Steud.[29]	fountaingrass
villosum R. Br.	feathertop
Phalaris L.	canarygrass
arundinacea L.	reed c.
canariensis L.	canarygrass
caroliniana Walt.	Carolina c.
minor Retz.	littleseed c.
tuberosa L.	bulb c.
var. stenoptera (Hack.) Hitchc.	hardinggrass
Phleum L.	timothy
alpinum L.	alpine t.
pratense L.	timothy
Phragmites communis Trin.	common reed
Poa L.	bluegrass
ampla Merr.	big b.
annua L.	annual b.
arachnifera Torr.	Texas b.
arida Vasey	plains b.
bulbosa L.	bulbous b.
canbyi (Scribn.) Piper	canby b.
chapmaniana Scribn.	chapman b.
compressa L.	Canada b.
fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey	mutton b.
nevadensis Vasey ex Scribn.	Nevada b.
pratensis L.	Kentucky b.
scabrella (Thurb.) Benth. ex Vasey	pine b.
secunda Presl	rough b.
sylvestris A. Gray	woodland b.[Pg 25]
trivialis L.	roughstalk b.
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.	rabbitfoot polypogon
Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult.	nuttall alkaligrass
Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb) Vasey	blowoutgrass
Rhynchelytrum roseum[30] (Nees) Stapf and Hubb. ex Bews	natalgrass
Saccharum officinarum L.	sugarcane
Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel.	tumblegrass
Scleropogon brevifolius Phil.	burrograss
Secale L.	rye
cereale L.	rye
montanum Guss.	mountain r.
Setaria Beauv.	bristlegrass; millet[31]
faberii Herrm.	giant b.[32]
geniculata (Lam.) Beauv.	knotroot b.
italica (L.) Beauv.	foxtail m.
lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.[33]	yellow b.[32]
macrostachya H.B.K.	plains b.
verticillata (L.) Beauv.	hooked b.
viridis (L.) Beauv.	green b.[32]
Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith	bottlebrush squirreltail
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash	indiangrass
Sorghum Moench[34]	sorghum
halepense ( L.) Pers.	johnsongrass
var. almum Parodi[35]	sorghum almum
bicolor (L.) Moench.	sorghum
var. drummondii (Nees) Hack. ex Chiov.	chickencorn
var. sudanense Hitchc.	sudangrass
var. technicum (Koern.) Jav.	broomcorn
Spartina Schreb.	cordgrass
alterniflora Loisel.	smooth c.
cynosuroides (L.) Roth	big c.
gracilis Trin.	alkali c.
patens (Ait.) Muhl.	marshhay c.
pectinata Link	prairie c.
Sphenopholis Scribn.	wedgescale
intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb.	slender w.
obtusata (Michx.) Scribn.	prairie w.
Sporobolus R. Br.	dropseed; sacaton
airoides (Torr.) Torr.	alkali s.
asper (Michx.) Kunth	tall d.
var. hookeri (Trin.) Vasey	meadow t.d.
var. pilosus (Vasey) Hitchc.	hairy t.d.
clandestinus (Bieler) Hitchc.	hidden d.
cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray	sand d.
flexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb.	mesa d.
giganteus Nash	giant d.
heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray	prairie d.
interruptus Vasey	black d.
neglectus Nash	puffsheath d.
poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc.	rattail smutgrass[Pg 26]
pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc.	whorled d.
texanus Vasey	Texas d.
vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood	poverty d.
wrightii Munro ex Scribn.	sacaton
Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze	St. augustinegrass
Stipa L.	needlegrass
cernua Stebbins & Love	nodding n.
columbiana Macoun	subalpine n.
comata Trin. & Rupr.	needleandthread
leucotricha Trin. & Rupr.	Texas n.
neomexicana (Thurb.) Scribn.	New Mexico feathergrass
occidentalis Thurb.	western n.
pulchra Hitchc.	purple n.
robusta (Vasey) Scribn.	sleepygrass
spartea Trin.	porcupinegrass
viridula Trin.	green n.
X Stiporyzopsis caduca (Beal) B. L. Johnson & Rogler (Oryzopsis hymenoides X Stipa viridula)	Mandan ricegrass
Themeda triandra Forsk.	themeda
Tragus Hall.	burgrass
Trichachne Nees	cottontop
californica (Benth.) Chase	Arizona c.
patens Swallen	Texas c.
Trichloris Fourn.	trichloris
mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz[36]	twoflower t.
pluriflora Fourn.	fourflower t.
Tridens Roem. & Schult.	tridens
albescens (Vasey) Woot. & Standl.	white t.
elongatus (Buckl.) Nash	rough t.
flavus (L.) Hitchc.	purpletop
muticus (Torr.) Nash	slim t.
pilosus (Buckl.) Hitchc.	hairy t.
pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc.	fluffgrass
strictus (Nutt.) Nash	longspike t.
Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm.	purple sandgrass
Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.	eastern gamagrass
Trisetum Pers.	trisetum
flavescens (L.) Beauv.	yellow t.
spicatum (L.) Richt.	spike t.
Triticum L.	wheat
aestivum L.	common w.
dicoccum Schrank	emmer
durum Desf.	durum w.
monococcum L.	einkorn
turgidum L.	poulard w.
Uniola L.	uniola
latifolia Michx.	broadleaf u.
sessiliflora Poir.	longleaf u.
Zea mays L.	corn
Zizania aquatica L.	wildrice
Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers.	southern wildrice
Zoysia Willd.	zoysia
japonica Steud.	Japanese lawngrass
matrella (L.) Merr.[37]	manillagrass
tenuifolia Willd. ex. Trin.	mascarenegrass

FOOTNOTES:

[9] Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum are part of a complex that includes several other species.

[10] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[11] A complex.

[12] Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Brown) A. Camus (a complex) of Harlan & Celerier, Okla. Tech. Bul. T-72.

[13] Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. var. ischaemum of Harlan & Celerier, Okla. Tech. Bul. T-72.

[14] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[15] A complex, including B. californicus Nutt. ex Buckl., B. marginatus Nees, B. maritimus (Piper) Hitchc., and B. polyanthus Scribn.

[16] Includes B. richardsoni Link.

[17] In written material in which B. inermis is the only Bromus species discussed, its common name may be shortened to brome.

[18] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[19] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[20] Spp. with stiff spreading spikes are called windmillgrass.

[21] The name “fingergrass” applied to erect spp.

[22] Not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[23] The name H. nodosum has generally been misapplied to H. brachyantherum in this country.

[24] The name “oniongrass” applied to those spp. with bulblike stem bases.

[25] M. foliosa is a name formerly applied to M. mexicana. M. mexicana was then misapplied to the recently recognized M. frondosa (Poir.) Fernald, which it resembles.

[26] Considered to be a form of M. richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb., see 1951 ed. of Hitchcock’s manual, p. 382.

[27] Listed as P. fluitans (Ell.) Kunth on p. 602 of Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[28] Listed as P. typhoides, Stapf and Hubbard, page 74 USDA Handbook 170, “Grass varieties in the U.S.,” June, 1965.

[29] Older name, now listed as P. setaceum, p. 729 in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.

[30] Included in Tricholaena in some manuals.

[31] In some areas certain Setaria spp. have been called foxtail, but to avoid confusion, that common name should be reserved to the genus Alopecurus.

[32] These three species are sometimes called foxtail.

[33] Listed as S. glauca (L.) Beauv. in Gray’s Manual, 8th Ed. p. 226, and on p. 235, Vol. I, of the New Britton & Brown, 1952.

[34] Listed as Sorgum Adans. in Gray’s Manual, 8th Ed. p. 234, and on p. 244 in Vol. I of the New Britton & Brown, 1952.

[35] Sorghum almum is not listed in Hitchcock’s 1951 manual. Parodi, in his 1943 paper, concluded that it must have originated as a hybrid between S. halepense and some other sorghum.

[36] Listed on p. 530 of Hitchcock’s 1951 manual as T. crinita (Lag.) Parodi.

[37] Z. pungens Willd. in some manuals.

[Pg 27]

SEDGES, RUSHES, AND RELATED GENERA

Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke	hairsedge bulbstyle
Carex L.	sedge
aggregata Mackenz.	glomerate s.
amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern.	narrowleaf s.
annectens Bickn.	yellowfruit s.
austrina (Small) Mackenz.	southern s.
bicknellii Britt.	bicknell s.
blanda Dew.	woodland s.
brevior (Dew.) Mackenz.	straw s.
bushii Mackenz.	bush s.
cephalophora Muhl.	woodbank s.
davisii Schwein. & Torr.	davis s.
emoryi Dew.	emory s.
frankii Kunth	frank s.
granularis Muhl.	meadow s.
gravida Bailey	heavy s.
hyalinolepis Steud.	thin scale s.
hystricina Muhl.	bottlebrush s.
laeviconica Dew.	smoothcone s.
lanuginosa Michx.	woolly s.
leavenworthii Dew.	leavenworth s.
lupulina Muhl.	hop s.
meadii Dew.	mead s.
microdonta Torr. & Hook.	littletooth s.
pensylvanica Lam. var. digyna Boeckl.(C. heliophila Mackenz.)	pennsylvania s.
praegracilis W. Boott	clusteredfield s.
scoparia Schkuhr	broom s.
stipata Muhl.	sawbeak s.
vulpinoidea Michx.	fox s.
Cyperus L.	flatsedge; nutgrass
acuminatus Torr. & Hook.	tapeleaf f.
diandrus Torr.	low f.
erythrorhizos Muhl.	redroot f.
esculentus L.	yellow n.
ferruginescens Boeckl.	slender f.
filiculmis Vahl	fern f.
houghtonii Torr.	Houghton f.
inflexus Muhl.	awned f.
ovularis (Michx.) Torr.	globe f.
rivularis Kunth	brook f.
schweinitzii Torr.	schweinitz f.
strigosus L.	false n.
virens Michx. (C. pseudovegetus Steud.)	green f.
Eleocharis R. Br.	spikesedge
acicularis (L.) R. & S.	needle s.
compressa Sulliv.	flatstem s.
engelmanni Steud.	engelmann s.
macrostachya Britt.	longstem s.
obtusa (Willd.) Schultes	blunt s.
wolfii Gray	wolf s.
Fimbristylis Vahl	fimbristylis
autumnalis (L.) R. & S. var. mucronulata (Michx.) Fern.
caroliniana (Lam.) Fern. [F. puberula (Michx.) Vahl; F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl var. puberula (Michx.) Britt.; F. interior Britt.]	inland f.
Fuirena simplex Vahl	fuirena
Hemicarpha Nees	hemicarpha[Pg 28]
drummondi Nees	drummond h.
micrantha (Vahl) Pax	common h.
Juncus L.	rush
balticus Willd.	baltic r.
biflorus Ell. (J. aristulatus of Gray’s 7th ed., not Michx.)	twoflower r.
diffusissimus Buckl.	slimpod r.
dudleyi Wieg.	dudley r.
interior Wieg.	inland r.
kansanus F. J. Herm.	Kansas r.
marginatus Rostk.	grassleaf r.
nodatus Coville	stout r.
tenuis Willd. (J. macer S. F. Gray)	soft r.
torreyi Coville	torrey r.
Killinga (see Cyperus)
Scirpus L.	bulrush
americanus Pers.	American b.
atrovirens Willd.	green b.
fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray	river b.
hallii Gray	hall b.
lineatus Michx.	rusty b.
pallidus (Britt.) Fern.	pale b.
paludosus Nels.	alkali b.
validus Vahl	softstem b.
Seleria Bergius	razorsedge
pauciflora Muhl.	fewflower r.
triglomerata Michx.	whip r.

FERNS AND RELATED GENERA

Adiantum pedatum L.	American maidenhairfern
Asplenium L.	spleenwort
platyneuron (L.) Oakes	ebony s.
resiliens Kunze	blackstem s.
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.	rattlesnakefern
Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link	walkingfern
Cheilanthes feei Moore	fee lipfern
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.	brittle bladderfern
Dryopteris Adans.	woodfern
thelypteris (L.) Gray	marshfern
Equisetum L.	horsetail; scouringrush
arvense L.	field h.
hyemale L. (including E. prelatum Raf.)	scouringrush
laevigatum A. Br. (including E. kansanum Schaffn.)	smooth h.
Isoëtes butleri Engelm.	quillwort
Marsilea mucronata A. Br. (M. vestita of Gray’s 7th ed., not Hook. & Grev.)	pepperwort
Notholaena dealbata (Pursh) Kunze	cloakfern
Onoclea sensibilis L.	sensitivefern
Ophioglossum vulgatum L.	adderstongue
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link	purple cliffbrake
Polystichum Roth	hollyfern
acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott	christmasfern
Pteridium Gleditsch	bracken
aquilinum (L.) Kuhn
var. pubescens Underw.	western b.
var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw.	eastern b.
Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.	common woodsia

[Pg 29]

OTHER MONOCOTS

Acorus calamus L.	drug sweetflag
Alisma subcordatum Raf.	subcordate waterplantain
Allium L.	onion; garlic
various native spp.	wild o.; wild g.
Anacharis (see Elodea)
Androstephium coerculeum (Scheele) Greene	blue funnellily
Arisaema Mart.	jackinthepulpit
dracontium (L.) Schott	dragonroot j.
triphyllum (L.) Schott	indian j.
Asparagus officinalis L.	asparagus
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.	blackberrylily
Camassia scilloides[38] (Raf.) Cory	Atlantic camas
Commelina L.	dayflower
diffusa Burm. f. (C. longicaulis of manuals)	creeping d.
erecta L. (including C. virginica of manuals, not L.)	erect d.
Cooperia drummondii Herb.	eveningstar rainlily
Cypripedium calceolus L. var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern. (C. parviflorum Salisb.)	small yellow ladyslipper
Dioscorea villosa L.	Atlantic yam
Echinodorus Richard	burhead
cordifolius (L.) Griseb. [E. radicans (Nutt.) Engelm.]
rostratus (Nutt.) Engelm. [E. cordifolius of manuals, not (L.) Griseb.]
Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John [Anacharis occidentalis (Pursh) Vict.]	elodea
Erythronium albidum Nutt.	white fawnlily
Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) Gray	prairie fringeorchid
Heteranthera R. & P.	mudplantain
dubia (Jacq.) MacM.	grassleaf m.
limosa (Sw.) Willd.	blue m.
reniformis R. & P.	kidneyleaf m.
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville	goldstargrass
Iris L.	iris
brevicaulis Raf. (I. foliosa Mackenz. & Bush)	lamance i.
versicolor L.	blueflag i.
Lemna L.	duckweed
minima Philippi	least d.
minor L.	common d.
perpusilla Torr.	minute d.
Lilium michiganense Farw.	Michigan lily
Lophotocarpus calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. Sm.	lophotocarpus
Melanthium virginicum L.	bunchflower
Najas quadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus [Naias g. (Spreng.) Morong]	southern naiad
Nemastylis geminiflora Nutt. (N. acuta Herb.)	nemastylis
Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt.	yellow falsegarlic
Polygonatum canaliculatum (Muhl.) Pursh	solomonseal
Potamogeton L.	pondweed
diversifolius Raf.	waterthread p.
foliosus Raf.	leafy p.
illinoensis Morong (P. lucens of manuals, not L.)	Illinois p.
nodosus Poir. (P. americanus C. & S.)	longleaf p.
obtusifolius Mert. & Koch	bluntleaf p.
pectinatus L.	fennelleaf p.
pusillus L.	baby p.
Ruppia maritima L.	widgeongrass[Pg 30]
Sagittaria L.	arrowhead
ambigua J. G. Sm.	Kansas a.
brevirostra Mackenz. & Bush	shortbeak a.
cuneata Sheldon	duckpotato a.
latifolia Willd. (including S. esculenta Howell)	common a.
longiloba Engelm.	longbarb a.
Sisyrinchium L.	blue-eyedgrass
angustifolium Mill. (including S. graminoides Bickn.)	common b.
campestre Bickn.	prairie b.
Smilacina Desf.	solomonplume
racemosa (L.) Desf.	feather s.
stellata (L.) Desf.	starry s.
Smilax L.	greenbriar
lasioneura Hook. (included in S. herbacea L. in some manuals)
tamnoides. L. var. hispida (Muhl.) Fern. (S. hispida Muhl.)	bristly g.
Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm.	giant burreed
Spiranthes Richard	ladiestresses
cernua (L.) Richard	nodding l.
vernalis Engelm. & Gray	upland l.
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.	common ducksmeat
Tradescantia L.	spiderwort
bracteata Small	bracted s.
occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth	prairie s.
ohiensis Raf. (T. canaliculata Raf.)
tharpii Anders. & Woodson	tharp s.
Typha L.	cattail
angustifolia L.	narrowleaf c.
latifolia L.	common c.
Wolffia columbiana Karst.	wolffia
Yucca glauca Nutt.	small soapweed
Zannichellia palustris L.	common poolmat
Zygadenus nuttallii Gray (also spelled Zigadenus)	nuttall deathcamas

FOOTNOTES:

[38] C. scilloides in Gray’s 8th Ed.: C. scillioides in some manuals.

LEGUMES (including woody species)

Acacia augustissima (Mill.) Ktze.	prairie acacia
Alysicarpus vaginalis DC.	alyceclover
Amorpha L.	amorpha
canescens Pursh	leadplant
fruticosa L.	indigobush a.
Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern.	southern hogpeanut
Anthyllis vulnerania L.	kidneyvetch
Apios americana Medic.	American potatobean
Arachis hypogaea L.	peanut
Astragalus L.	milkvetch: species not poisonous
	loco: species causing locoism
	poisonvetch: species causing poisoning other than locoism
canadensis L.	Canada m.
caryocarpus Ker (A. crassicarpus Nutt.)	groundplum m.
cicer L.	cicer m.
gracilis Nutt.	slender m.
lotiflorus Hook.	lotus m.[Pg 31]
missouriensis Nutt.	Missouri m.
mollissimus Torr.	woolly l.
pectinatus (Hook.) Dougl.	narrowleaf p.
plattensis Nutt.	Nebraska m.
racemosus Pursh	creamy p.
rubyi Greene & Morris	ruby m.
spatulatus Sheld. (A. caespitosus Gray; Homalobus caespitosus Nutt.)	tufted m.
Baptisia Vent.	wildindigo
leucantha T. & G.	Atlantic w.
leucophaea Nutt.	plains w.
minor Lehm.	blue w.
Cajanus cajan Millsp. (C. indicus Spreng.)	pigeonpea
Caragana arborescens Lam.	Siberian peashrub
Cassia L.	senna; partridgepea
fasciculata Michx. (Chamaecrista f. B. & B., including C. rostrata Woot. & Standl.)	showy p.
marilandica L.	wild s.
nictitans L.	sensitive p.
Cercis canadensis L.	eastern redbud
Cicer arientinum L.	chickpea
Coronilla varia L.	crownvetch
Crotalaria L.	crotalaria
incana L.	shackshack c.[39]
juncea L.	sunn c.
mucronata Desv.	striped c.
sagittalis L.	arrow c.
spectabilis Roth	showy c.
Cytisus L.	broom
Dalea[40] Juss.	dalea
alopecuroides Willd. [D. leporina (Alt.) Kearney & Peebles]	foxtail d.
aurea Nutt.	silktop d.
enneandra Nutt.	nineanther d.
jamesii (Torr.) T. & G.	james d.
lanata Spreng.	woolly d.
nana Torr.	dwarf d.
Desmanthus Willd.	bundleflower
illinoensis (Michx.) MacM.	Illinois b.
leptolobus T. & G.	slenderlobed b.
Desmodium Desv.	tickclover
canadense (L.) DC.	Canada t.
canescens (L.) DC.	hoary t.
cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loud. [D. bracteosum (Michx.) DC.]	longleaf t.
glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood [D. acuminatum (Michx.) DC.]	largeflower t.
illinoense Gray	Illinois t.
paniculatum (L.) DC.	panicled t.
sessilifolium (Torr.) T. & G.	sessile t.
tortuosum DC. (D. purpureum Fawcett & Rendle)	tall t.
Dolichos lablab L.	hyacinthbean
Gleditsia triacanthos L.	honeylocust
Glottidium vesicarium (Jacq.) Harper	bagpod
Glycine max (L.) Merr.	soybean
Glycyrrhiza lepidota (Nutt.) Pursh	American licorice[Pg 32]
Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch	Kentucky coffeetree
Hedysarum coronarium L.	sulla
Hoffmanseggia jamesii T. & G.	rushpea
Homalobus (see Astragalus)
Indigofera L.	indigo
hirsuta L.	hairy i.
leptosepala Nutt.	western i.
Lathyrus L.	peavine
hirsutus L.	rough p.
latifolius L.	perennial p.
odoratus L.	sweetpea
polymorphous Nutt. [including L. incanus (Sm. & Rydb.) Rydb. and L. stipulaceous (Pursh) Butters & St. John]	hoary p.
pusillus Ell.	low p.
sativus L.	grass p.
sylvestris L.	flat p.
tingitanus L.	tangierpea
venosus Muhl.	veiny p.
Lens culinaris Medic. (L. esculenta Moench)	lentil
Lespedeza Michx.	lespedeza
bicolor Turcz.	shrub l.
capitata Michx.	roundhead l.
cuneata (Dumont) G. Don	sericea l.
cyrtobotrya Miq.	bush l.
daurica (Laxm.) Schindl. var. schimadae (Masam.) Masam. & Hosok	prostrate-daurican l.
hedysaroides (Pall.) Kitagawa	rush l.
hirta (L.) Hornem.	hairy l.
intermedia (S. Wats.) Britt.	wand l.
japonica Bailey	Japan l.
latissima Nakai	decumbent l.
manniana Mackenz. & Bush	mann l.
nuttallii Darl.	nuttall l.
procumbens Michx.	trailing l.
repens (L.) Bart.	creeping l.
stipulacea Maxim.	Korean l.
striata (Thunb.) H. & A.	common l.
stuevei Nutt.	stuves l.
violacea (L.) Pers. (L. prairea Britt.)	violet l.
virginica (L.) Britt.	slender l.
Lotus L.	deervetch (native American spp.); trefoil
americanus (Nutt.) Bisch.	American d.
corniculatus L.	birdsfoot t.
tenuis Waldst. & Dit. ex. Willd.	narrowleaf b.t.
uliginosus Schkuhr (L. major Sm.; L. villosus Willd.)	big t.
Lupinus L.	lupine
albus L.	white l.
angustifolius L.	blue l.
luteus L.	yellow l.
plattensis S. Wats.	Nebraska l.
pusillus Pursh	low l.
subcarnosus Hook.	Texas l.
Medicago L.	medic; burclover; alfalfa
arabica (L.) Huds.	spotted b.
arborea L.	tree m.
ciliaris Bald. ex DC.	fringed m.
falcata L.	yellow a.[Pg 33]
hispida Gaertn.	California b.
lupulina L.	black m.
minima (L.) Desr.	little b.
orbicularis All.	button m.
rigidula Desr.	Tifton b.
sativa L.	alfalfa
scutellata Mill.	snail m.
tuberculata Willd.	tuberculous m.
Melilotus Mill.	sweetclover
alba Desr.	white s.
dentata Pers.	banat s.
indica (L.) All.	annual yellow s.
officinalis (L.) Lam.	yellow s.
suaveolens Ledeb.	daghestan s.
Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.	common sainfoin
Ornithopus sativus Brot.	serradella
Oxytropis lambertii Pursh	lambert crazyweed[41]
Petalostemum[42] Michx.	prairieclover
candidum (Willd.) Michx.	white p.
compactum (Spreng.) Swezey	compact p.
multiflorum Nutt.	roundheaded p.
occidentale (Gray) Fern.	western p.
porterianum Small	porter p.
purpureum (Vent.) Rydb.	purple p.
tenuifolium Gray	slimleaf p.
villosum Nutt.	silky p.
Phaseolus L.	bean
aconitifolius Jacq.	moth b.
acutifolius Gray	Texas b.
angularis Wight	adsuki b.
aureus Roxb.	mung b.
calcaratus Roxb.	rice b.
coccineus L. (P. multiflorus Lam.)	runner b.
lunatus L. (including var. macrocarpus Benth.)	lima b.
vulgaris L.	common b.
Pisum L.	pea
arvense (L.) Poir.	field p.
sativum L.	garden p.
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (P. chilensis of manuals; including P. glandulosa Torr. and P. velutina Woot.)	mesquite
Psoralea L.	scurfpea
argophylla Pursh	silverleaf s.
cuspidata Pursh	tallbread s.
digitata Nutt.	palmleaf s.
osculenta Pursh	common breadroot s.
hypogaea Nutt.	little breadroot s.
lanceolata Pursh	lemon s.
linearifolia T. & G.	slimleaf s.
psoralioides (Walt.) Cory	bobsroot s.
tenuiflora Pursh	slimflower s.
var. floribunda (Nutt.) Rydb.	manyflower s.
Pueraria DC.	kudzu
lobata (Willd.) Ohwi [P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth.]	thunberg k.
phaseoloides Benth.	tropical k.
Robinia L.	locust[Pg 34]
pseudo-acacia L.	black l.
viscosa Vent.	clammy l.
Schrankia nuttallii (DC.) Standl. (S. uncinata of manuals, not Willd.)	catclaw sensitivebriar
Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory	sesbania
Sophora sericea Nutt.	silky sophora
Stizolobium deeringianum Bort.	velvetbean
Strophostyles Ell.	wildbean
helvola (L.) Ell.	trailing w.
leiosperma (T. & G.) Piper	smoothseed w.
Stylosanthes biflora (L.) BSP.	pencilflower
Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. [including T. leucosericea (Rydb.) Cory]	Virginia tephrosia
Thermopsis rhombifolia Nutt. ex Rich.	prairie thermopsis
Trifolium L.	clover
agrarium L.	hop c.
alexandrinum L.	berseem
ambiguum Bieb.	kura c.
arvense L.	rabbitfoot c.
campestre Schreb.	plains c.
carolinianum Michx.	Carolina c.
dubium Sibth.	small hop c.
fragiferum L.	strawberry c.
glomeratum L.	cluster c.
hirtum All.	rose c.
hybridum L.	alsike c.
incarnatum L.	crimson c.
lappaceum L.	lappa c.
medium L.	zigzag c.
nigrescens Viv.	ball c.
pratense L.	red c.
procumbens L.	large hop c.
reflexum L.	buffalo c.
repens L.	white c.
resupinatum L.	Persian c.
stoloniferum Eat.	stoloniferous c.
striatum L.	knotted c.
subterraneum L.	subterranean c.
Trigonella L.	trigonella
foenum-graecum L.	fenugreek
Vicia L.	vetch
americana Muhl.	American v.
angustifolia Reichard	narrowleaf v.
articulata Hornem.	oneflower v.
benghalensis L. (V. atropurpurea Desf.)	purple v.
caroliniana Walt.	Carolina v.
cracca L.	bird v.
dasycarpa Ten.	woollypod v.
ervilia Willd.	bitter v.
faba L.	broadbean
var. equina Pers. (V. faba L. subsp. major Alef.)	horsebean
grandiflora Scop.	bigflower v.
ludoviciana Nutt.	Louisiana v.
monantha (L.) Desf.	oneflower v.
pannonica Crantz.	Hungarian v.
sativa L.	common v.
sparsifolia Nutt.	stiffleaf v.
trifida Dietr.	clubleaf v.
villosa Roth	hairy v.
Vigna Savi	cowpea[Pg 35]
sesquipedalis Fruwirth	yardlong c.
sinensis (L.) Endl.	cowpea
Wisteria macrostachya Nutt.	wisteria

FOOTNOTES:

[39] Listed as shack c. in 1948 USDA Yearbook of Agriculture.

[40] The genus Dalea includes Petalostemum in some manuals.

[41] Often termed stemless loco in older literature but the name loco should be reserved for the genus Astragalus.

[42] The genus Petalostemum is included in Dalea in some manuals.

OTHER DICOT FORBS

Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.	sweet sandverbena
Abutilon theophrasti Medic.	velvetleaf
Acalypha L.	copperleaf
gracilens Gray	slender c.
ostryaefolia Riddell	hophornbeam c.
virginica L.	Virginia c.
Acerates (see Asclepias)
Achillea L.	yarrow
millefolium L. subsp. millefolium	common y.
millefolium L. subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper	western y.
Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood	waterhemp
Actinea (see Hymenoxys)
Actinomeris (see Verbesina)
Agastache Clayt.	gianthyssop
nepetoides (L.) Ktze.	catnip g.
scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Ktze.	purple g.
Agoseris cuspidata (see Microseris)
Agrimonia L.	agrimony
parviflora Ait.	many flower a.
pubescens Wallr.	downy a.
rostellata Wallr.	woodland a.
Agrostemma githago L.	common corncockle
Alliaria officinalis Andrz.	garlicmustard
Allionia (included in Mirabilis)
Amaranthus L.	pigweed (amaranth of SPN)
graecizans L. (A. blitoides S. Wats.)	tumbleweed
hybridus L.	slim p.
palmeri S. Wats.	palmer p.
retroflexus L.	rough p.
spinosus L.	spiny p.
torreyi (Gray) Benth.	torrey p.
Ambrosia L.	ragweed
artemisiifolia L. (A. elatior L.)	common r.
bidentata Michx.	lanceleaf r.
psilostachya DC. (A. coronopifolia T. & G.)	western r.
trifida L.	giant r.
Ammannia	ammannia
auriculata Willd.	earleaf a.
coccinea Rottb.	purple a.
Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt. (Gonolobus laevis of manuals, not Michx.)	climbingmilkweed
Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt.	willow amsonia
Anagallis arvensis L.	scarlet pimpernel
Androsace occidentalis Pursh	western rockjasmine
Anemone L.	anemone
canadensis L.	meadow a.
caroliniana Walt.	Carolina a.
cylindrica Gray	candle a.
decapetala Ard.	tenpetal a.
virginiana L.	Virginia a.
Antennaria Gaertn.	pussytoes
neglecta Greene (including A. campestris Rydb. & A. longifolia Greene)	field p.
plantaginifolia (L.) Richards (including A. fallax Greene)	plantainleaf p.[Pg 36]
Anthemis L.	camomile
cotula L.	mayweed c.
tinctoria L.	golden c.
Anychia (see Paronychia)
Aplopappus (see Haplopappus)
Apocynum L.	dogbane
cannabinum L.	hemp d.
sibiricum Jacq.	prairie d.
Aquilegia L.	columbine
Arabis L.	rockcress
canadensis L.	sickle pod
dentata (Torr.) T. & G.	toothed r.
hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins	hairy r.
laevigata (Muhl.) Poir.	smooth r.
virginica (L.) Poir.	Virginia r.
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.	smaller burdock
Arenaria L.	sandwort
patula Michx.	pitchers s.
serpyllifolia L.	thymeleaf s.
stricta Michx. var. texana Robins.	Texas s.
Argemone L.	pricklypoppy
polyanthemos (Fedde) G. Ownbey
squarrosa Greene (including A. hispida Gray)	hedgehog p.
Aristolochia tomentosa Sims	dutchmanspipe
Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. [Rorippa armoracia (L.) Hitchc.]	common horseradish
Artemisia L.	sagewort; sagebrush
annua L.	sweet sagewort
biennis Willd.	biennial sagewort
campestris L. (A. canadensis Michx.)	prairie sagewort
dracunculus L.	falsetarragan sagewort
filifolia Torr.	sand sagebrush
ludoviciana Nutt. [including var. gnaphalodes (Nutt.) T. & G.]	Louisiana sagewort
vulgaris L.	common sagewort
Asarum canadense L.	wildginger
Asclepias L. (including Acerates Ell.)	milkweed
amplexicaulis Sm.	bluntleaf m.
arenaria Torr.	sand m.
auriculata (Engelm.) Holz. (Acerates a. Engelm.)	leafy m.
hirtella (Pennell) Woodson (Acerates h. Pennell)	prairie m.
incarnata L.	swamp m.
lanuginosa Nutt. [Acerates l. (Nutt.) DC.]	woolly m.
latifolia (Torr.) Raf.	broadleaf m.
pumila (Gray) Vail	plains m.
purpurascens L.	purple m.
speciosa Torr.	showy m.
stenophylla Gray (Acerates angustifolia Dene.)	narrowleaf m.
subverticillata (Gray) Vail (A. galioides HBK.)	poison m.
sullivantii Engelm.	sullivant m.
syriaca L. var. kansana (Vail) Palmer & Steyerm.	Kansas m.
syriaca L. var. syriaca	common m.[Pg 37]
tuberosa L.	butterfly m.
verticillata L.	whorled m.
viridiflora Raf. [Acerates v. (Raf.) Eaton]	green m.
Asclepiodora[43] Gray	antelopehorn
decumbens (Nutt.) Gray (Asclepias capricornu Woodson)	spider a.
viridis (Walt.) Gray (Asclepias v. Walt.)	green a.
Aster L.	aster
anomalus Engelm.	manyray a.
arenosus Blake [Leucelene ericoides (Torr.) Greene]	babywhite a.
azureus Lindl.	azure a.
drummondii Lindl.	drummond a.
ericoides L.	heath a.
exilis Ell.	slim a.
fendleri Gray	fendler a.
laevis L. var. laevis	smooth a.
novae-angliae L.	New England a.
oblongifolius Nutt.	aromatic a.
ontarionis Wieg. (A. missouriensis Britt., & A. pantotrichus Blake)	Missouri a.
paludosus Ait.	singlestem bog a.
praealtus Poir.	willowleaf a.
sagittifolius Wedemeyer	arrow a.
sericeus Vent.	silky a.
simplex Willd. (A. paniculatus Lam. not Mill.)	panicled a.
tanacetifolius HBK. [Machaeranthera t. (HBK.) Nees]	tansyleaf a.
tataricus L. f.	tatarian a.
vimineus Lam.	small white a.
Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt.	entireleaved westerndaisy
Atriplex L.	saltbush
argentea Nutt.	silverscale s.
canescens (Pursh) Nutt.	fourwing s.
patula L.	fat-hen s.
rosea L.	tumbling orach
Aureolaria (see Gerardia)
Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. (Macuillamia r. Michx.)	disk waterhyssop
Bahia oppositifolia (Nutt.) DC. [Picradeniopsis o. (Nutt.) Rydb.]	plains bahia
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.	bitter wintercress
Bergia texana (Hook.) Seubert	Texas bergia
Berlandiera DC.	berlandiera
lyrata Benth.	wireleaf b.
texana DC.	Texas b.
Berteroa incana (L.) DC.	hoary false-alyssum
Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville	stalky berula
Beta L.	beet
Bidens L.	beggarticks
bipinnata L.	spanishneedles
cernua L. [including B. glaucescens Greene, & B. elliptica (Wieg.) Gleason]	nodding b.
frondosa L.	devils b.
polylepis Blake [B. involucrata (Nutt.) Britt.]	coreopsis b.
tripartita L. [B. comosa (Gray) Wieg., & B. connata Muhl.]	bur b.[Pg 38]
vulgata Greene	tall b.
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw.	smallspike falsenettle
Boltonia L’Her.	boltonia
asteroides (L.) L’Her. var. recognita (Fern. & Griscom) Cron. (B. latisquama Gray var. recognita Fern. & Griscom)	white b.
asteroides (L.) L’Her. var. latisquama (Gray) Cron. (B. latisquama Gray)	violet b.
Brassica L.	mustard
juncea (L.) Coss.	India m.
kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler	charlock
napus L. (B. rapa of authors, not L.)	turnip
nigra (L.) Koch	black m.
oleracea L.	cabbage, etc.
rapa L. (B. campestris L.)	rape & rutabaga
Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. [B. umbellata (Greene) Rydb.]	brickellia
Buchnera americana L.	American bluehearts
Cacalia L.	indian plantain
atriplicifolia L.	pale i.
tuberosa Nutt.	tuberous i.
Calceolaria (see Hybanthus)
Callirhoë Nutt.	poppymallow
alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray	pale p.
digitata Nutt.	finger p.
involucrata (T. & G.) Gray	purple p.
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh	waterstarwort
Camelina microcarpa Andrz.	littlepod falseflax
Campanula americana L.	American bellflower
Cannabis sativa L.	hemp
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic.	shepherdspurse
Cardamine L.	bittercress
bulbosa (Schreb.) BSP.	bulb b.
parviflora L.	smallflower b.
pensylvanica Muhl.	Pennsylvania b.
Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. (Lepidium draba L.)	hoary cress
Carduus nutans L.	muskthistle
Carthamus tinctorius L.	safflower
Castilleja Mutis	paintbrush
citrina Pennell	citron p.
coccinea (L.) Spreng.	indian p.
sessiliflora Pursh	downy p.
Centaurea L.	centaurea
americana Nutt.	basketflower
cyanus L.	cornflower
repens L. (C. picris Pall.)	Russian knapweed
solstitialis L.	yellow c.
Cerastium L.	cerastium
brachypodum (Engelm.) Robins.	shortstalk c.
nutans Raf.	powderhorn c.
vulgatum L.	big c.
Ceratophyllum demersum L.	hornwort
Chaerophyllum L.	chervil
procumbens (L.) Crantz	spreading c.
reflexum Bush.	reflexed c.
texanum C. & R.	Texas c.
Chamaesaracha Gray	falsenightshade[Pg 39]
conioides (Moric.) Britt.
coronopus (Dunal) Gray	green f.
Chamaesyce (included in Euphorbia)
Chenopodium L.	goosefoot
albescens Small	pale g.
album L.	lambsquarters
ambrosioides L.	wormseed g.
berlandieri Moq.	pitseed g.
boscianum Moq.	goosefoot
cycloides A. Nels.	sandhill g.
fremontii S. Wats.	fremont g.
glaucum L.	oakleaf g.
hybridum L. var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau	mapleleaf g.
incanum (S. Wats.) Heller
leptophyllum Nutt.	slimleaf g.
murale L.	nettleleaf g.
petiolare HBK.
salinum Standl.	alkali g.
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.	oxeyedaisy
Chrysopsis Ell.	goldaster
pilosa Nutt.	soft g.
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. angustifolia (Rydb.) Cron. [C. angustifolia Rydb., C. stenophylla (Gray) Greene]
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. canescens Gray (C. berlandieri Greene)
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. foliosa (Nutt.) D. C. Eat. (C. foliosa Nutt.)	leafy g.
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. hispida (Hook.) Gray [C. viscida (Gray) Greene]	rough g.
villosa (Pursh) Nutt. var. villosa (including C. bakeri Greene, C. ballardi Rydb., C. hirsutissima Greene, & C. asprella Greene)	hairy g.
Cichorium intybus L.	common chicory
Cicuta maculata L.	waterhemlock
Circaea latifolia Hill	broadleaf circaea
Cirsium Mill.	thistle
altissimum (L.) Spreng.	tall t.
arvense (L.) Scop.	Canada t.
ochrocentrum Gray	yellowspine t.
undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.	wavyleaf t.
vulgare (Savi) Airy-Shaw (C. lanceolatum of manuals)	bull t.
Claytonia virginica L.	Virginia springbeauty
Clematis L.	clematis
fremontii S. Wats.	fremont c.
ligusticifolia Nutt.	western c.
pitcheri T. & G.	pitcher c.
virginiana L.	virginsbower
Cleome L.	spiderflower
serrulata Pursh	bee s.
spinosa Jacq.	spiny s.
Cleomella angustifolia Torr.	cleomella
Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC.	Carolina snailseed
Collinsia violacea Nutt.	collinsia
Comandra Nutt.	comandra
pallida A. DC.	pale c.
richardsiana Fern.	richards c.
Conium maculatum L.	poisonhemlock[Pg 40]
Conobea multifida (Michx.) Benth. [Leucospora m. (Michx.) Nutt.]	paleseed
Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort.	treacle haresear
Convolvulus L.	bindweed
arvensis L.	field b.
incanus Vahl	gray b.
sepium L. (including C. interior House of manuals)	hedge b.
Conyza L.	conyza
canadensis (L.) Cron. [Erigeron c. L., Leptilon c. (L.) Britt.]	horseweed
ramosissima Cron. (Erigeron divaricatus Michx.)
Coreopsis L.	coreopsis
grandiflora Hogg	bigflower c.
palmata Nutt.	finger c.
tinctoria Nutt.	plains c.
Corispermum L.	tickseed
hyssopifolium L.	hyssopleaf t.
nitidum Kit.	bugseed
Corydalis Medic.	corydalis
aurea Willd.	golden c.
campestris (Britt.) Buchholz & Palmer	plains c.
crystallina Engelm.	mealy c.
flavula (Raf.) DC.	pale c.
micrantha (Engelm.) Gray	smallflower c.
Cristatella jamesii T. & G.	cristatella
Croton L.	croton
capitatus Michx.	woolly c.
glandulosus L. var. septentrionalis Muell. Arg.	tropic c.
lindheimerianus Scheele	threeseed c.
monanthogynus Michx.	oneseed c.
texensis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg.	Texas c.
Crotonopsis elliptica Willd.	crotonopsis
Cryptantha Lehm. (including Oreocarya Greene)	cryptantha
crassisepala (T. & G.) Greene	thicksepal c.
jamesii (Torr.) Payson [O. suffruticosa (Torr.) Greene]	james c.
Cucurbita foetidissima HBK.	buffalogourd
Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne	clammy cuphea
Cuscuta L.	dodder
cephalanthi Engelm.	buttonbush d.
coryli Engelm.	hazel d.
cuspidata Engelm.	cusp d.
glomerata Choisy	cluster d.
indecora Choisy	showy d.
pentagona Engelm.	field d.
polygonorum Engelm.	smartweed d.
Cyclanthera dissecta (T. & G.) Arn.	cyclanthera
Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.	tumble ringwing
Cymopterus Raf.	cymopterus
acaulis (Pursh) Raf.	stemless c.
montanus (Nutt.) T. & G. (Phellopterus m. Nutt.)	mountain corkwing
Cynoglossum L.	houndstongue
officinale L.	common h.
virginianum L.	wildcomfrey h.
Dasistoma macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf.	oakleech[Pg 41]
Datura L.	datura
innoxia Mill. (D. meteloides DC., D. metel of manuals, not L.)	sacred d.
stramonium L.	jimsonweed
Daucus L.	carrot
carota L.	wild c.
pusillus Michx.	southwestern c.
Delphinium L.	larkspur
ajacis L.	rocket l.
tricorne Michx.	dwarf l.
virescens Nutt.	plains l.
Dentaria laciniata Muhl.	cutleaf toothwort
Descurainia Webb & Berthelot	tansymustard
pinnata (Walt.) Britt. [including D. intermedia (Rydb.) Daniels, & D. magna Rydb.]	pinnate t.
sophia (L.) Webb	flixweed t.
Dianthera (see Justicia)
Diaperia prolifera Nutt.	diaperia
Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.	dutchmans-breeches
Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng.	dicliptera
Diodia teres Walt.	rough buttonweed
Ditaxis Vahl	ditaxis
humilis (Engelm. & Gray) Pax	low d.
mercurialina (Nutt.) Coult.	tall d.
Dodecatheon meadia L.	common shootingstar
Draba L.	draba
brachycarpa Nutt.	shortpod d.
cuneifolia Nutt.	wedgeleaf d.
reptans (Lam.) Fern. (D. caroliniana Walt.)	carolina d.
Dracopis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. (Rudbeckia a. Vahl)	clasping coneflower
Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc.	prairie dogweed
Echinacea Moench	echinacea
angustifolia DC.	blacksamson e.
atrorubens Nutt. [including E. paradoxa (Norton) Britt.]	yellow e.
pallida Nutt.	pale e.
Echinocereus Engelm.	echinocereus
reichenbachii (Terscheck) Haage jr. (E. caespitosus Engelm.)	lace e.
viridiflorus Engelm.	greenpitaya e.
Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G.	wild mockcucumber
Echium vulgare L.	blueweed
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.	yerbadetajo
Elephantopus carolinianus Willd.	elephantsfoot
Ellisia nyctelea L.	ellisia
Engelmannia pinnatifida T. & G.	engelmanndaisy
Epilobium L.	willowweed
angustifolium L.	fireweed
coloratum Biehler	purpleleaf w.
leptophyllum Raf. (E. lineare of manuals, not Muhl.)	narrowleaf w.
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf.	American burnweed
Erigeron L. (see also Conyza)	fleabane
annuus (L.) Pers.	annual f.
bellidiastrum Nutt.	western f.
flagellaris Gray	trailing f.
philadelphicus L.	Philadelphia f.
pumilus Nutt.	low f.[Pg 42]
strigosus Muhl. [E. ramosus (Walt.) BSP.]	daisy f.
Eriogonum Michx.	eriogonum
annuum Nutt.	annual e.
longifolium Nutt.	longleaf e.
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her.	filaree
Eruca sativa Mill.	rocketsalad
Eryngium L.	eryngo
leavenworthii T. & G.	leavenworth e.
yuccifolium Michx.	buttonsnakeroot e.
Erysimum L.	erysimum
asperum (Nutt.) DC.	plains e.
inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM.	smallflower e.
repandum L.	spreading e.
Eulophus (see Perideridia)
Eupatorium L.	eupatorium; joepyeweed
altissimum L.	tall e.
coelestinum L.	mistflower e.
maculatum L.	spotted j.
perfoliatum L.	boneset
purpureum L. (E. falcatum Michx.)	bluestem j.
rugosum Houtt. (E. urticaefolium Reichard)	white snakeroot
serotinum Michx.	late e.
Euphorbia L. [including Tithymalus (Tourn.) Adans., & Chamaesyce Small]	euphorbia; spurge
corollata L.	flowering s.
dentata Michx. [including E. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Boiss.]	toothed e.
dictyosperma Fisch. & Mey.	warty e.
esula L.	leafy s.
fendleri T. & G. (E. greenei in Rydb.’s floras)	fendler e.
geyeri Engelm.	geyer e.
glyptosperma Engelm.	ridgeseed e.
heterophylla L.	painted e.
hexagona Nutt.	sixangle e.
humistrata Engelm.	spreading e.
lata Engelm.	hoary e.
maculata L. (variously known as E. hypericifolia L., E. hyssopifolia L., E. nutans Lag., & E. preslii Guss.)	spotted e.
marginata Pursh	snow-on-the-mountain
missurica Raf. [including E. nuttallii (Engelm.) Small, & E. petaloidea Engelm.]	Missouri s.
obtusata Pursh	roughpod e.
serpens HBK.	serpent e.
serpyllifolia Pers.	thymeleaf e.
stictospora Engelm.	slimseed e.
supina Raf. (called E. maculata L. in manuals)	prostrate s.
Eustoma russellianum (Hook.) Griseb.	russell prairiegentian
Evolvulus nuttallianus R. & S.	nuttall evolvulus
Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. (F. esculentum Moench)	common buckwheat
Flaveria campestris J. R. Johnston	flaveria
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne	wild strawberry
Franseria Cav.	bursage
acanthicarpa (Hook.) Coville	variable b.
confertiflora (DC.) Rydb. (F. tenuifolia Harv. & Gray)	slimleaf b.
tomentosa Gray	burragweed
Froelichia Moench	snakecotton[Pg 43]
floridana (Nutt.) Moq. var. campestris (Small) Fern. (F. campestris Small)	field s.
gracilis (Hook.) Moq.	slender s.
Gaillardia Foug.	gaillardia
aristata Pursh	common perennial g.
drummondii (Hook.) DC.	drummond g.
fastigiata Greene	prairie g.
pulchella Foug. (G. aristosa of manuals)	rosering g.
Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake (G. aristulata Bickn.)	fringed quickweed
Galium L.	bedstraw
aparine L.	catchweed b.
circaezans Michx. var. hypomalacum Fern.	woods b.
concinnum T. & G.	shining b.
obtusum Bigel.	bluntleaf b.
pilosum Ait.	hairy b.
tinctorium L.	dye b.
triflorum Michx.	fragrant b.
Gaura L.	gaura
biennis L.	biennial g.
coccinea Pursh	scarlet g.
parviflora Dougl.	smallflower g.
villosa Torr.	hairy g.
Gentiana puberula Michx.	downy gentian
Geranium L.	geranium
carolinianum L.	Carolina g.
maculatum L.	spotted g.
Gerardia L.	gerardia
aspera Dougl.	rough g.
auriculata Michx. [Tomanthera a. (Michx.) Raf.]	earleaf g.
densiflora Benth. [Tomanthera d. (Benth.) Raf.]	fineleaf g.
grandiflora Benth. [Aureolaria g. (Benth.) Pennell]	bigflower g.
skinneriana Wood	rose g.
tenuifolia Vahl	slender g.
Geum L.	avens
canadense Jacq.	white a.
vernum (Raf.) T. & G.	heartleaf a.
Gilia R. & P.	gilia
laxiflora (Coult.) Osterh.	irion g.
longiflora (Torr.) G. Don	whiteflower g.
spicata Nutt.	spike g.
Glechoma hederacea L. [Nepeta h. (L.) Trevisan]	groundivy
Gnaphalium L.	cudweed
obtusifolium L.	fragrant c.
purpureum L.	purple c.
Gonolobus (see Ampelamus)
Gossypium hirsutum L.	upland cotton
Gratiola L.	hedgehyssop
aurea Muhl. (G. lutea Raf. in part)	golden h.
virginiana L.	Virginia h.
Grindelia Willd.	gumweed
lanceolata Nutt.	spinytooth g.
squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal	curlycup g.
Gutierrezia Lag.	snakeweed
dracunculoides (DC.) Blake [Amphiachyris d. (DC.) Nutt.]	broomweed
sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby (including G. diversifolia Greene, & G. linearis Rydb.)	broom s.[Pg 44]
Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnston [Lappula v. (L.) Greene]	Virginia stickseed
Haplopappus Endl. (including Aplopappus Cass., Sideranthus Sweet, & Oonopsis Greene)	goldenweed
ciliatus (Nutt.) DC. (Prionopsis ciliata Nutt.)	wax g.
divaricatus (Nutt.) Gray [Isopappus d. (Nutt.) T. & G.]	slender g.
englemannii Z. (Gray) Hall [Oonopsis e. (Gray) Greene]	englemann g.
phyllocephalus DC. (Sideranthus annuus Rydb.)	annual g.
spinulosus (Pursh) DC. [Sideranthus s. (Pursh) Sweet]	ironplant
Hedeoma Pers.	falsepennyroyal
drummondii Benth.	drummond f.
hispida Pursh	rough f.
pulegioides (L.) Pers.	American f.
Helenium L.	sneezeweed
autumnale L.	common s.
nudiflorum Nutt.	purplehead s.
tenuifolium Nutt.	bitter s.
Helianthemum bicknellii Fern.	sunrose
Helianthus L.	sunflower
annuus L. (including H. lenticularis Dougl.)	common s.
grosseserratus Martens	sawtooth s.
hirsutus Raf. [H. leptocaulis (Wats.) Blake (including H. virilis Wats.)]	hairy s.
laetiflorus Pers. [including H. rigidus (Cass.) Desf., & H. severus Wats.]	stiff s.
maximiliani Schrad.	maximilian s.
mollis Lam.	ashy s.
petiolaris Nutt.	prairie s.
salicifolius A. Dietr.	willowleaf s.
tuberosus L. (including H. mollissimus E. E. Wats.)	jerusalemartichoke
Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra (Dunal) Fern.	rough heliopsis
Heliotropium L.	heliotrope
convolvulaceum (Nutt.) Gray	bindweed h.
spathulatum Rydb.	wild h.
tenellum (Nutt.) Torr.	pasture h.
Hesperis matronalis L.	dames rocket
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby	camphorweed
Heuchera richardsonii R. Br. var. grayana Rosend., Butt., & Lak.	alumroot
Hibiscus L.	hibiscus; rosemallow
esculentus L.	okra
militaris Cav.	scarlet r.
trionum L.	flowerofanhour
Hieracium longipilum Torr.	longbeard hawkweed
Houstonia L.	bluets
minima Beck	tiny b.
nigricans (Lam.) Fern. (H. angustifolia Michx.)	narrowleaf b.
Humulus lupulus L.	hop[Pg 45]
Hybanthus verticillatus (Ortega) Baill. [Calceolaria verticillata (Ortega) Ktze.]	Northamerican calceolaria
Hydrophyllum L.	waterleaf
appendiculatum Michx.	notchbract w.
virginianum L.	Virginia w.
Hymenopappus L’Her.	hymenopappus
corymbosus T. & G.	flattop h.
scabiosaeus L’Her.	whitebract h.
tenuifolius Pursh	slimleaf h.
Hymenoxys Cass. (Actinea Juss., Tetraneuris Greene, Actinella Pers.)	hymenoxys
acaulis (Pursh) Parker [Tetraneuris a. (Pursh) Greene]	stemless h.
odorata DC. [Actinea o. (DC.) Ktze., & Actinella o. (DC.) Gray]	bitterweed
scaposa (DC.) Parker var. linearis (Nutt.) Parker (Tetraneuris fastigiata Greene)	plains h.
Hypericum L.	St. johnswort
drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) T. & G.	drummond S.
mutilum L.	dwarf S.
perforatum L.	common S.
punctatum Lam.	spotted S.
sphaerocarpum Michx.	roundfruit S.
Impatiens L.	snapweed
biflora Walt.	spotted s.
nortoni Rydb.	norton s.
pallida Nutt.	pale s.
Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud.	purplerocket
Ipomoea L.	morningglory
batatas Lam.	sweetpotato
hederacea (L.) Jacq.	ivyleaf m.
lacunosa L.	white m.
leptophylla Torr.	bush m.
pandurata (L.) G. F. W. Mey.	bigroot m.
purpurea (L.) Roth	common m.
Isanthus brachiatus (L.) BSP.	fluxweed
Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) T. & G.	Atlantic isopyrum
Iva L.	sumpweed
ciliata Willd.	seacoast s.
xanthifolia Nutt.	rag s.
Jussiaea repens L. var. glabrescens Ktze. (J. diffusa of manuals, not Forsk.)	floating waterprimrose
Justicia americana (L.) Vahl (Dianthera a. L.)	American dianthera
Kallstroemia Scop.	caltrop
hirsutissima Vail	hairy c.
intermedia Rydb.	intermediate c.
Kochia Roth	kochia
Krameria lanceolata Torr. (K. secundiflora of manuals, not DC.)	trailing krameria
Krigia Schreb.	dwarfdandelion
dandelion (L.) Nutt. [Cynthia d. (L.) DC.]	tube d.
occidentalis Nutt. [Cymbia o. (Nutt.) Standl.]	western d.
oppositifolia Raf. [Serinia o. (Raf.) Ktze.]	common d.
Kuhnia L.	kuhnia
eupatorioides L. (K. suaveolens Fresen.; K. hitchcockii A. Nels.)	falseboneset
Lactuca L.	lettuce[Pg 46]
canadensis L.	Canada l.
floridana (L.) Gaertn.	Florida l.
ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC.	Louisiana l.
pulchella (Pursh) DC.	chicory l.
scariola L. (L. serriola L.; L. virosa of manuals, not L.)	prickly l.
Lamium amplexicaule L.	henbit
Laportea canadensis (L.) Gaud.	woodnettle
Lappula Moench	stickseed
echinata Gilib.	European s.
redowskii (Hornem.) Greene [L. occidentalis (S. Wats.) Greene]	flatspine s.
texana (Scheele) Britt. (L. heterosperma Greene)	cupseed s.
Lechea tenuifolia Michx.	pinweed
Leonurus cardiaca L.	common motherwort
Lepidium L.	pepperweed
campestre (L.) R. Br.	field p.
densiflorum Schrad.	peppergrass
perfoliatum L.	clasping p.
ramosissimum Nels.	manybranch p.
virginicum L.	Virginia p.
Lesquerella S. Wats.	bladderpod
gracilis (Hook.) S. Wats. [including L. repanda (Nutt.) S. Wats.]	spreading b.
ludoviciana (Nutt.) S. Wats.	Louisiana b.
ovalifolia Rydb.	ovalleaf b.
Leucelene ericoides (see Aster arenosus)
Liatris Schreb.	gayfeather
angustifolia (Bush) Gaiser	narrowleaf g.
kansana (Britt.) Rydb.	Kansas g.
punctata Hook.	dotted g.
pycnostachya Michx.	thickspike g.
scariosa (L.) Willd.	tall g.
squarrosa (L.) Michx.	scaly g.
Linaria Mill.	toadflax
canadensis (L.) Dum. var. canadensis	oldfield t.
canadensis var. texana (Scheele) Pennell	Texas t.
vulgaris Hill	butter-and-eggs t.
Lindernia All.	falsepimpernel
anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell	clasping f.
dubia (L.) Pennell	yellowseed f.
Linum L.	flax
compactum A. Nels.
lewisii Pursh [L. pratense (Norton) Small]	lewis f.
rigidum Pursh	stiffstem f.
sulcatum Riddell	grooved f.
usitatissimum L.	common f.
Lippia L.	lippia
cuneifolia (Torr.) Steud.	wedgeleaf fogfruit
lanceolata Michx. var. recognita Fern. & Grisc.	lanceleaf l.
Lithospermum L.	gromwell
arvense L.	corn g.
canescens (Michx.) Lehm.	hoary g.
incisum Lehm. (L. angustifolium Michx., & L. linearifolium Goldie)	narrowleaf g.
latifolium Michx.	American g.
Lobelia L.	lobelia[Pg 47]
cardinalis L.	cardinalflower
siphilitica[44] L.	bigblue l.
spicata Lam.	palespike l.
splendens Willd.	western cardinalflower
Lomatium Raf.	lomatium
foeniculaceum (Nutt.) C. & R. [including L. daucifolium (Nutt.) C. & R., & L. villosum Raf.]	carrotleaf l.
orientale C. & R.	eastern l.
Lonicera L.	honeysuckle
Ludwigia L.	seedbox
alternifolia L.	bushy s.
palustris (L.) Ell. var. americana (DC.) Fern. & Grisc.	marsh s.
polycarpa Short & Peter	manyseed s.
Lychnis alba Mill.	white cockle
Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.	tomato
Lycopus L.	bugleweed
americanus Muhl.	American b.
asper Greene (L. lucidus Turcz.)	rough b.
virginicus L.	Virginia b.
Lygodesmia D. Don	skeletonplant
juncea (Pursh) D. Don	rush s.
rostrata Gray	beaked s.
Lysimachia L. (including Steironema Raf.)	loosestrife
ciliata L.	fringed l.
nummularia L.	moneywort
Lythrum alatum Pursh	winged lythrum
Machaeranthera Nees (see Aster)
Macuillamia (see Bacopa)
Malacothrix sonchoides (Nutt.) T. & G.	sowthistle malacothrix
Malva L.	mallow
neglecta Wallr.	common m.
rotundifolia L.	running m.
sylvestris L.	high m.
verticillata L.	cluster m.
Mamillaria Haw. (Neomamillaria Britt.)	mamillaria
missouriensis Sweet (including M. similis Engelm.)	Missouri m.
vivipara (Nutt.) Haw. [including Neomamillaria radiosa (Engelm.) Rybd.]
Marrubium vulgare L.	common hoarhound
Martynia (see Proboscidea)
Melampodium cinereum DC. (M. leucanthum T. & G.)	plains blackfoot
Menispermum canadense L.	common moonseed
Mentha arvensis L.	field mint
Mentzelia L.	mentzelia
decapetala (Pursh) Urban & Gilg	tenpetal m.
nuda (Pursh) T. & G. var. stricta (Osterh.) Harrington [M. stricta (Osterh.) Stevens ex Jeff. & Little]	bractless m.
oligosperma Nutt.	stickleaf m.
Microseris cuspidata (Pursh) Schultz-Bip. [Agoseris c. (Pursh) Raf.]	wavyleaf agoseris
Mimulus L.	monkeyflower
alatus Ait.	sharpwing m.
glabratus HBK.	roundleaf m.
ringens L.	Alleghany m.
Mirabilis L. (including Oxybaphus L’Her., & Allionia Loefl.)	four-o’clock[Pg 48]
albida (Walt.) Heimerl	white f.
carletoni (Standl.) Standl.	carleton f.
hirsuta (Pursh) MacM.	hairy f.
linearis (Pursh) Heimerl	narrowleaf f.
nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.	prairie f.
Mollugo verticillata L.	carpetweed
Monarda L.	beebalm
citriodora Cerv.	lemon b.
clinopodioides Gray	basil b.
fistulosa L. var. menthaefolia (Graham) Fern. (M. menthaefolia Graham)	mintleaf b.
fistulosa L. var. mollis (L.) Benth. (M. mollis L.)	wildbergamot b.
punctata L. subsp. occidentalis Epl. (M. pectinata Nutt.)	spotted b.
Monolepis nuttalliana (R. & S.) Greene	nuttall monolepis
Myosotis verna. Nutt. (M. virginica of manuals)	Virginia forgetmenot
Myosurus minimus L.	tiny mousetail
Myriophyllum L.	parrotfeather
heterophyllum Michx.	changeleaf p.
pinnatum (Walt.) BSP.	green p.
Nasturtium officinale R. Br.	nasturtium
Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. [?N. pentapetala (Walt.) Fern.]	American lotus
Nepeta L. (see also Glechoma)	nepeta
cataria L.	catnip
Nicotiana L.	tobacco
Nuphar advena (Ait.) Ait. f.	spatterdock cowlily
Nymphaea odorata Ait.	American waterlily
Oënothera L.	eveningprimrose
albicaulis Pursh	pale e.
biennis L.	common e.
biennis L. var. hirsutissima Gray [O. strigosa (Rydb.) Mackenz. & Bush]	bristly-common e.
canescens Torr. & Frem.	beakpod e.
coronopifolia T. & G.	combleaf e.
fremontii S. Wats.	fremont e.
hartwegii Benth. var. fendleri Gray	fendler e.
hookeri T. & G.	hooker e.
laciniata Hill	cutleaf e.
lavandulaefolia T. & G.	lavenderleaf e.
linifolia Nutt.	narrowleaf e.
missouriensis Sims	Missouri e.
rhombipetala Nutt.	fourpoint e.
serrulata Nutt.	serrateleaf e.
speciosa Nutt.	white e.
tetragona Roth var. latifolia (Rydb.) Fern. (Kneiffia latifolia Rydb.)	broadleaf e.
triloba Nutt.	stemless e.
Onosmodium Michx.	marbleseed
hispidissimum Mackenz.	rough m.
occidentale Mackenz.	western m.
Oonopsis engelmannii (see Haplapappus)
Opuntia Mill.	pricklypear; cholla
arborescens Engelm. [O. imbricata (Haw.) DC.]	walkingstick c.
fragilis (Nutt.) Haw.	brittle p.
humifusa Raf.	common p.[Pg 49]
macrorhiza Engelm.	bigroot p.
polyacantha Haw.	plains p.
tortispina Engelm.	twistspine p.
Oreocarya (see Cryptantha)
Orobanche L.	broomrape
ludoviciana Nutt.	Louisiana b.
uniflora L.	ghostpipe
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC.	longstyle sweetroot
Othake (see Palafoxia)
Oxalis L.	oxalis
europaea Jord.	European yellow o.
stricta L.	common yellow o.
violacea L.	violet woodsorrel o.
Oxybaphus (included in Mirabilis)
Palafoxia spacelata (Nutt.) Cory [Othake s. (Nutt.) Rydb.]	othake
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl.	pellitory
Paronychia Mill.	nailwort
canadensis (L.) Wood [Anychia c. (L.) BSP.]	Canada n.
fastigiata (Raf.) Fern. (Anychia polygonoides Raf.)	forked n.
jamesii T. & G.	james n.
Parthenium integrifolium L.	parthenium
Pastinaca sativa L.	parsnip
Pectis angustifolia Torr.	pectis
Pedicularis canadensis L.	pedicularis
Penstemon Mitchell	penstemon
albidus Nutt.	white p.
ambiguus Torr.	gilia p.
angustifolius Nutt. ex Pursh, subsp. caudatus (Heller) Keck	narrowleaf p.
buckleyi Pennell	buckley p.
cobaea Nutt.	cobaea p.
digitalis Nutt.	smooth p.
grandiflorus Nutt.	shell-leaf p.
pallidus Small	pale p.
tubaeflorus Nutt.	tube p.
Penthorum sedoides L.	penthorum
Perideridia americana (Nutt.) Reichenb. (Eulophus a. Nutt.)	eulophus
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.	common perilla
Phacelia Juss.	phacelia
gilioides A. Brand (P. hirsuta of many SW botanists, not Nutt.)	hairy p.
integrifolia Torr.	gyp p.
Phellopterus (see Cymopterus)
Phlox L.	phlox
bifida Beck	tenpoint p.
divaricata L.	sweetwilliam p.
paniculata L.	summer p.
pilosa L.	prairie p.
Phryma leptostachya L.	lopseed
Physalis L.	groundcherry
angulata L.	cutleaf g.
comata Rydb.	hillside g.
heterophylla Nees [including P. ambigua (Gray) Rydb.]	clammy g.
ixocarpa Brotero	tomatillo g.
lanceolata Michx.	lanceleaf g.
lobata Torr. [Quincula l. (Torr.) Raf.]	chineselantern[Pg 50]
longifolia Nutt.	spearleaf g.
macrophysa Rydb.	bladder g.
missouriensis Mackenz. & Bush	Missouri g.
pendula Rydb.	purplevein g.
pruinosa L.	hairy g.
pubescens L.	downy g.
pumila Nutt.	prairie g.
rotundata Rydb.	roundleaf g.
subglabrata Mackenz. & Bush	taperleaf g.
virginiana Mill.	Virginia g.
Physostegia Benth.	lionsheart
intermedia (Nutt.) Engelm. & Gray	intermediate l.
virginiana (L.) Benth.	Virginia l.
Phytolacca americana L. (P. decandra L.)	common pokeberry
Picradeniopsis (see Bahia)
Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray	clearweed
Plantago L.	plantain
aristata Michx.	bottlebrush p.
lanceolata L.	buckhorn p.[45]
purshii R. & S.	woolly p.
pusilla Nutt. (P. elongata of manuals, not Pursh)	slender p.
rhodosperma Dcne.	redseed p.
rugelii Dcne.	blackseed p.
spinulosa Dcne.	brittlebract p.
virginica L.	paleseed p.
Podophyllum peltatum L.	common mayapple
Polanisia trachysperma T. & G.	roughseed clammyweed
Polemonium reptans L.	creeping polemonium
Polygala L.	polygala
alba Nutt.	white p.
incarnata L.
sanguinea L. (including P. viridescens L.)	blood p.
verticillata L.	whorled p.
Polygonum L. (see also Tovara)	knotweed; smartweed
aviculare L. (including P. buxiforme Small)	prostrate k.
coccineum Muhl.	swamp s.
convolvulus L.	climbing-buckwheat
erectum L.	erect k.
hydropiper L.	marshpepper s.
hydropiperoides Michx.	swamp s.
lapathifolium L. (including P. tomentosum of manuals)	curltop s.
longistylum Small	longstyle s.
pensylvanicum L. (including P. omissum Greene)	Pennsylvania s.
persicaria L.	ladysthumb s.
persicarioides HBK.	southwest s.
punctatum Ell.	dotted s.
ramosissimum Michx.	bushy k.
tenue Michx.	slim k.
Polytaenia nuttalii DC.	polytaenia
Portulaca L.	portulaca; purslane
oleracea L.	common purslane
parvula Gray	slenderleaf purslane
Potentilla L.	cinquefoil[Pg 51]
arguta Pursh	clammy c.
norvegica L.	Norwegian c.
paradoxa Nutt.	bushy c.
rivalis Nutt.	brook c.
simplex Michx. (P. canadensis of manuals, not L.)	oldfield c.
sulfurea Lam.
Prenanthes aspera Michx.	rough rattlesnakeroot
Prionopsis ciliata (see Haplopappus ciliatus)
Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thell. (Martynia l. Mill.)	common devilsclaw
Prunella vulgaris L. var. lanceolata (Bart.) Fern.	common selfheal
Psilostrophe villosa Rydb.	paperflower
Ptilimnium nuttallii (DC.) Brit.	mockbishopweed
Ptiloria (see Stephanomeria)
Pycnanthemum Michx.	mountainmint
flexuosum (Walt.) BSP.	slender m.
pilosum Nutt.	woods m.
Pyrrhopappus DC.	falsedandelion
carolinianus (Walt.) DC.	Carolina f.
scaposus DC. (P. grandiflorus Nutt.)	tuber f.
Quincula (see Physalis)
Ranunculus L.	buttercup; crowfoot
abortivus L.	littleleaf b.
acris L.	tall b.
cymbalaria Pursh	shore b.
fascicularis Muhl.	tufted b.
flabellaris Raf.	threadleaf b.
hispidus Michx.	bristly b.
longirostris Godr.	longbeak b.
sceleratus L.	cursed c.
Raphanus L.	radish
Ratibida Raf.	prairieconeflower
columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.	upright p.
pinnata (Vent.) Barnh.	grayhead p.
tagetes (James) Barnh.	shortray p.
Rheum L.	rhubarb
Ricinus communis L.	castorbean
Rorippa Scop. (see also Armoracia)	yellowcress; marshcress
islandica (Oeder) Borbas [including R. hispida (DC.) Britt. & R. palustris (L.) Bess.]	bog y.
sessiliflora (Nutt.) Hitchc.	stalkless y.
sinuata (Nutt.) Hitchc.	spreading y.
Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne var. interior Fern. & Grisc.	rotala
Rudbeckia L. (see also Dracopis)	coneflower
grandiflora (D. Don) Gmel.	rough c.
hirta L.	blackeyedsusan
laciniata L.	cutleaf c.
subtomentosa Pursh	sweet c.
triloba L.	browneyedsusan
Ruellia L.	ruellia
humilis Nutt. (R. ciliosa of manuals, in part;
R. caroliniensis of manuals, in part)	fringeleaf r.
strepens L.	limestone r.
Rumex L.	dock; sorrel
acetosella L.	red s.
altissimus Wood	pale d.[Pg 52]
crispus L.	curled d.
hastatulus Baldw.	heartwing s.
maritimus L. var. fueginus (Phil.) Dusen (R. persicarioides of manuals, not L.)	golden d.
obtusifolius L.	bitter d.
patientia L.	patience d.
venosus Pursh	veiny d.
Sabatia[46] campestris Nutt.	prairie rosegentian
Sagina decumbens (Ell.) T. & G.	trailing pearlwort
Salsola kali L. (S. pestifer Nels.)	russianthistle
Salvia L.	sage
azurea Lam. var. grandiflora Benth. (S. pitcheri Torr.)	pitcher s.
officinalis L.	garden s.
reflexa Hornem. (including S. lanceolata Willd., & S. lanceafolia of authors, not Poir.)	lanceleaf s.
Samolus parviflorus Raf.	samolus
Sanguinaria canadensis L.	bloodroot
Sanicula L.	sanicle
canadensis L.	Canada s.
gregaria Bickn.	cluster s.
marilandica L.	black s.
Saponaria L.	soapwort
officinalis L.	bouncingbet
vaccaria L. (Vaccaria vulgaris Host)	cow s.
Scrophularia L.	figwort
lanceolata Pursh	lanceleaf f.
marilandica L.	Maryland f.
Scutellaria L.	skullcap
incana Biehler	hoary s.
lateriflora L.	sideflowering s.
ovata Hill	eggleaf s.
parvula Michx. var. australis Fassett [S. australis (Fassett) Epling]	southern-small s.
parvula Michx. var. leonardi (Epling) Fern. (S. leonardi Epling)	leonard-small s.
parvula Michx. var. parvula	small s.
resinosa Torr.	resinous s.
Sedum L.	stonecrop
Selenia aurea Nutt.	golden selenia
Senecio L.	groundsel
aureus L.	golden g.
integerrimus Nutt.	lambstongue g.
obovatus Muhl.	roundleaf g.
plattensis Nutt.	prairie g.
riddellii T. & G.	riddell g.
tridenticulatus Rydb.
Sesamum indicum L.	sesame
Sicyos angulatus L.	burcucumber
Sida spinosa L.	prickly sida
Sideranthus (see Haplopappus)
Silene L.	silene
antirrhina L.	sleepy s. (sleepy catchfly)
cucubalus Wibel [S. latifolia (Mill.) Britten & Rendle, S. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, & S. inflata Sm.]	cowbell s.
noctiflora L.	nightflowering s.[Pg 53]
stellata (L.) Ait. f.	starry s.
Silphium L.	rosinweed
integrifolium Michx. (including S. speciosum Nutt.)	wholeleaf r.
laciniatum L.	compassplant
perfoliatum L.	cup r.
Sisymbrium L.	sisymbrium
altissimum L.	tumblemustard
officinale (L.) Scop.	hedgemustard
Solanum L.	nightshade
carolinense L.	horsenettle
elaeagnifolium Cav.	silverleaf n.
nigrum L.	black n.
rostratum Dunal	buffalobur n.
torreyi Gray	torrey n.
triflorum Nutt.	cutleaf n.
tuberosum L.	potato
Solidago L.	goldenrod
altissima L. (including some Kansas specimens called S. dumetorum Lunell)	tall g.
angusta T. & G. (S. lindheimeriana Scheele)
canadensis L.	Canada g.
gigantea Ait. (including S. serotina Ait.)	November g.
graminifolia (L.) Salisb. [Euthamia g. (L.) Nutt.]	grassleaf g.
gymnospermoides (Greene) Fern. (Euthamia g. Greene)	sticky g.
missouriensis Nutt. (including S. glaberrima Martens & S. moritura Steele)	Missouri g.
mollis Bartl.	ashy g.
nemoralis Ait.	dyersweed g.
petiolaris Ait.	downy g.
pruinosa Greene (including some Kansas specimens called S. dumetorum Lunell)
rigida L.	stiff g.
sparsiflora Gray (S. trinervata Greene)	threenerve g.
speciosa Nutt. var. rigidiuscula T. & G. [S. rigidiuscula (T. & G.) Porter]	showywand g.
speciosa Nutt. var. speciosa	noble g.
ulmifolia Muhl.	elmleaf g.
Sonchus L.	sowthistle
arvensis L.	perennial s.
asper (L.) Hill	prickly s.
oleraceus L.	common s.
Specularia Fabricius	venuslookingglass
biflora (R. & P.) Fisch. & Mey.	small v.
leptocarpa (Nutt.) Gray	slimpod v.
perfoliata (L.) A. DC.	clasping v.
Spermolepis Raf.	spermolepis
divaricata (Walt) Britt.	forked s.
inermis (Nutt.) Math. & Const. [S. patens (Nutt.) Robins.]	spreading s.
Sphaeralcea St. Hil.	globemallow
angusta (Gray) Fern.
angustifolia (Cav.) Don var. cuspidata Gray (S. cuspidata of manuals)	narrowleaf g.
coccinea (Pursh) Rydb.	scarlet g.
Stachys tenuifolia Willd.	slenderleaf betony
Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.	desert princesplume
Steironema (included in Lysimachia)[Pg 54]
Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo	chickweed
Stenosiphon linifolius (Nutt.) Britt.	stenosiphon
Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. [Ptiloria p. (Torr.) Raf.]	wirelettuce
Stillingia sylvatica L. var. salicifolia Torr. [S. salicifolia (Torr.) Raf.]	stillingia
Striga lutea Lour.	witchweed
Suaeda depressa (Pursh) S. Wats. [including S. erecta (Wats.) A. Nels.]	pursh seepweed (seablite)
Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude	yellow taenidia
Talinum Adans.	fameflower
calycinum Engelm.	rockpink f.
parviflorum Nutt.	prairie f.
Tanacetum vulgare L.	common tansy
Taraxacum Zinn	dandelion
laevigatum (Willd.) DC. (T. erythrospermum Andrz.)	smooth d.
officinale Weber (T. vulgare Lam.)	common d.
Teucrium L.	germander
canadense L. var. virginicum (L.) Eat.	American g.
laciniatum Torr.	cutleaf g.
occidentale Gray	hairy g.
Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Lall.	purple meadowrue
Thaspium Nutt.	thaspium
barbinode (Michx.) Nutt.	hairyjoint t.
trifoliatum (L.) Gray	threeleaf t.
Thelesperma Less.	greenthread
gracile (Torr.) Gray	slender g.
trifidum (Poir.) Britt.	threecleft g.
Thlaspi arvense L.	pennycress
Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt.) Standl.	woolly tidestromia
Tithymalus (see Euphorbia)
Tomanthera (see Gerardia)
Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf. (Polygonum v. L.)	Virginia tovara
Townsendia sericea Hook. [T. exscapa (Rich.) Porter]	stemless townsendia
Tragia urticifolia Michx. (T. nepetaefolia of manuals, not Cav., including T. ramosa of manuals, not Torr.)	nettleleaf noseburn
Tragopogon L.	salsify
dubius Scop. (T. major Jacq.)	western s.
porrifolius L.	vegetable-oyster s.
pratensis L.	meadow s.
Tribulus terrestris L.	puncturevine
Triosteum L.	horsegentian
aurantiacum Bickn.	orange h.
perfoliatum L.	common h.
Urtica procera Muhl.	tall nettle
Utricularia vulgaris L.	common bladderwort
Vaccaria (see Saponaria)
Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr.	cornsalad
Verbascum L.	mullein
blattaria L.	moth m.
thapsus L.	flannel m.
Verbena L.	verbena
bipinnatifida Nutt.	Dakota v.
bracteata Lag. & Rodr.	bigbract v.
canadensis (L.) Britt.	rose v.
hastata L.	blue v.
simplex Lehm.	narrowleaf v.
stricta Vent.	woolly v.[Pg 55]
urticifolia L.	white v.
Verbesina L.	crownbeard
alternifolia (L.) Britt. [Actinomeris a. (L.) DC.]	wingstem
encelioides (Cav.) B. & H. (Ximenesia e. Cav.)	golden c.
virginica L.	white c.
Vernonia Schreb.	ironweed
baldwini Torr. var. baldwini	baldwin i.
baldwini Torr. var. interior (Small) Schub.	inland i.
crinita Raf.	bur i.
marginata (Torr.) Raf.	plains i.
Veronica L.	speedwell
arvensis L.	common s.
peregrina L.	purslane s.
polita Fries (V. didyma Ten.)	wayside s.
salina Schur. (V. connata of manuals)	cupleaf s.
serpyllifolia L.	thymeleaf s.
Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.	culversphysic
Viola L.	violet
eriocarpa Schw.	woolpod v.
kitaibeliana R. & S. var. rafinesquii (Greene) Fern. (V. rafinesquii Greene)	johnnyjumpup
missouriensis Greene	Missouri v.
nuttallii Pursh	nuttall v.
papilionacea Pursh	butterfly v.
pedata L.	birdsfoot v.
pedatifida G. Don	prairie v.
sororia Willd.	sister v.
Xanthium strumarium L. (including X. chinense Mill., X. globosum Shull, X. italicum Moretti, X. pensylvanicum Wallr., and X. speciosum Kearney)	cocklebur
Ximenesia (see Verbesina)
Zinnia grandiflora Nutt.	Rocky Mountain zinnia
Zizia aurea (L.) W. D. J. Koch	golden zizia

FOOTNOTES:

[43] Asclepiodora is included in Asclepias in some manuals.

[44] From Gray: spelled syphilitica in some manuals.

[45] The word “plantain” may be omitted from the common name of this species, calling it simply “buckhorn.”

[46] From Gray: spelled Sabbatia in some manuals.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Common names of a selected list of plants

Common Names
of a Selected List
of Plants

CONTENTS

FOOTNOTES:

INDEX TO COMMON NAMES

GRASSES

FOOTNOTES:

SEDGES, RUSHES, AND RELATED GENERA

FERNS AND RELATED GENERA

OTHER MONOCOTS

FOOTNOTES:

LEGUMES (including woody species)

FOOTNOTES:

OTHER DICOT FORBS

FOOTNOTES:

WOODY PLANTS

FOOTNOTES:

LIST OF SPECIES NAMES IN COMMON USE AND THEIR ENGLISH MEANING

Transcriber’s Note:

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

Page
Index to common names	4
Grasses	18
Sedges, rushes, and related genera	27
Ferns and related genera	28
Other monocots	29
Legumes	30
Other dicot forbs	35
Woody plants	55
Common species names and their English meanings	60

Acer L.	maple
negundo L.	boxelder
nigrum Michx. f.	black m.
saccharinum L.	silver m.
saccharum Marsh.	sugar m.
Aesculus L.	buckeye
glabra Willd. var. glabra	Ohio b.
glabra Willd. var. sargentii Rehd.	western b.
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle	treeofheaven
Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. (A. canadensis sensu Wieg., not Medic.)	serviceberry
Amorpha L.	amorpha
canescens Pursh	leadplant
fruticosa L.	indigobush a.
nana Nutt.	dwarfindigo a.
Ampelopsis cordata Michx.	heartleaf falsegrape
Artemisia filifolia Torr.	sand sagebrush
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal	pawpaw
Atriplew L.	saltbush
argentea Nutt.	silverscale s.
canescens (Pursh) Nutt.	fourwing s.
patula L.	fat-hen s.
Baccharis L.	baccharis[Pg 56]
neglecta Britt.	landbank b.
salicina T. & G.	willow b.
wrightii Gray	wright b.
Berberis L.	barberry
thunbergii DC.	Japanese b.
vulgaris L.	European b.
Betula nigra L.	river birch
Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers.	woollybucket bumelia
Campsis Lour.	trumpetcreeper
grandiflora (Thunb.) Laisel	Chinese t.
radicans (L.) Seem.	common t.
Caragana arborescens Lam.	Siberian peashrub
Carya Nutt.	hickory
cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch	bitternut h.
illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch [C. pecan (Marsh.) Engl. & Graebn.]	pecan
laciniosa (Michx. f.) Loud.	shellbark h.
ovalis (Wang.) Sarg.	red h.
ovalis var. obovalis (Marsh.) Sarg.	pignut h.
ovata (Mill.) K. Koch	shagbark h.
tomentosa Nutt.	mockernut h.
villosa Ashe	black h.
Catalpa Scop.	catalpa
Ceanothus L.	ceanothus
americanus L.	jerseytea c.
ovatus Desf.	inland c.
Celastrus scandens L.	American bittersweet
Celtis L.	hackberry
laevigata Willd.	southern h.
occidentalis L. [C. occidentalis L. var. crassifolia (Lam.) Gray]	common h.
reticulata Torr. (including C. rugulosa Rydb.)	netleaf h.
tenuifolia Nutt. (C. pumila of most Amer. authors, not Pursh)	small h.
Cephalanthus occidentalis L.	common buttonbush
Cercis canadensis L.	eastern redbud
Chrysothamnus pulchellus (Gray) Greene	southwest rabbitbrush
Cornus L.	dogwood
drummondi Meyer (C. asperifolia of authors, not Michx.)	roughleaf d.
obliqua Raf.	pale d.
Corylus L.	filbert[47]
americana Walt.	American f.
cornuta Marsh.	beaked f.
Crataegus L.	hawthorn
calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medic.	pear h.
collina Chapm.	sandhill h.
crus-galli L.	cockspur h.
mollis (T. & G.) Scheele	downy h.
succulenta Link	fleshy h.
viridis L.	green h.
Cytisus L.	broom
Diospyros virginiana L.	common persimmon
Elaeagnus angustifolia L.	russianolive
Euonymus L.	euonymus
americanus L.	brook e.
atropurpureus Jacq.	eastern wahoo
Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq.	winterfat
Fraxinus L.	ash[Pg 57]
americana L.	white a.
pennsylvanica Marsh var. pennsylvanica	red a.
pennsylvanica Marsh var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern. [var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.]	green a.
quadrangulata Michx.	blue a.
Ginkgo biloba L.	ginkgo
Gleditsia triacanthos L.	common honeylocust
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby (including G. diversifolia Greene, & G. linearis Rydb.)	broom snakeweed
Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch	Kentucky coffeetree
Ilex decidua Walt.	holly
Juglans L.	walnut
cinerea L.	butternut
nigra L.	black w.
Juniperus virginiana L.	redcedar; juniper
Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.	shrub lespedeza
Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens (Rydb.)
Butters (L. glaucescens Rydb.)	honeysuckle
Lycium halimifolium Mill.	matrimonyvine
Maclura pomifera (Rat) Schneid.	osageorange
Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. (Berberis a. Pursh, Odostemon a. of manuals)	oregongrape
Malus (see Pyrus)
Morus L.	mulberry
alba L.	white m.
nigra L.	black m.
rubra L.	red m.
Odostemon (see Mahonia)
Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch	American hophornbeam
Parthenocissus Planch.	creeper
quinquefolia (L.) Planch.	Virginia c.
vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc.	thicket c.
Platanus occidentalis L.	sycamore
Populus L.	cottonwood; poplar
alba L.	white p.
deltoides Marsh.	eastern c.
sargentii Dode	plains c.
Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (P. chilensis of manuals, including P. glandulosa Torr. & P. velutina Woot.)	mesquite
Prunus L.	plum; cherry
americana Marsh. var. americana	American p.
americana Marsh. var. lanata Sudw. (P. lanata Mackenz. & Bush)	inch p.
angustifolia Marsh.	chickasaw p.
besseyi Bailey	sand c.
gracilis Engelm. & Gray	Oklahoma p.
hortulana Bailey	hortulan p.
mexicana S. Wats.	Mexican p.
munsoniana Wight & Hedr.	wildgoose p.
serotina Ehrh.	black c.
virginiana L.	common chokecherry
Ptelea trifoliata L.	common hoptree
Pyrus L. (including Malus Mill.)	apple; crabapple
angustifolia Ait.	southern c.
communis L.	pear
coronaria L.	wild sweet c.
ioensis (Wood) Bailey	prairie c.[Pg 58]
malus L. (Malus pumila Mill.)	common a.
Quercus L.	oak
alba L.	white o.
imbricaria Michx.	shingle o.
macrocarpa Michx.	bur o.
marilandica Muenchh.	blackjack o.
muchlenbergii Engelm. [Q. prinoides Willd. var. acuminata (Michx.) Gl.]	chinquapin o.
palustris Muenchh.	pin o.
prinoides Willd.	dwarf chinquapin o.
rubra L. var. rubra (Q. borealis Michx. f. var. maxima Ashe)	eastern red o.
rubra L. var. borealis (Michx. f.) Farw. (Q. borealis Michx. f.)	northern red o.
shumardii Buckl. var. shumardii	shumard o.
shumardii Buckl. var. schneckii (Britt.) Sarg.	schneck o.
stellata Wang.	post o.
velutina Lam.	black o.
X hillii Trel. (Q. bicolor Willd. X Q. macrocarpa Michx.)	hills o.
Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh	lanceleaf buckthorn
Rhus L.	sumac
aromatica Ait. (including R. trilobata Nutt.)	aromatic s.
copallina L.	flameleaf s.
glabra L.	smooth s.
radicans L. (R. toxicodendron of manuals, in part, not L.)[48]	poisonivy
Ribes L.	gooseberry; currant
missouriense Nutt.	Missouri g.
odoratum Wendland f.	flowering c.
Robinia L.	locust
pseudo-acacia L.	black l.
viscosa Vent.	clammy l.
Rosa L.	rose
arkansana Porter var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell (R. suffulta Greene)	Arkansas r.
blanda Ait.	meadow r.
carolina L.	carolina r.
multiflora Thunb.	multiflora r.
rubifolia R. Br.	redleaf r.
setigera Michx.	prairie r.
woodsii Lindl.	woods r.
Rubus L.	blackberry; dewberry; raspberry
flagellaris Willd.	northern d.
laciniatus Willd.	cutleaf b.
occidentalis L.	blackcap r.
odoratus L.	fragrant thimbleberry
ostryifolius Rydb.	highbrush b.
Salix L.	willow
amygdaloides Anderss.	almondleaf w.
babylonica L.	weeping w.
caroliniana Michx. (S. longipes Shuttlew., S. wardi Bebb)	coastalplain w.
discolor Muhl.	pussy w.
eriocephala Michx. (S. missouriensis Bebb)	diamond w.
exigua Nutt.	coyote w.
fragilis L.	brittle w.[Pg 59]
humilis Marsh. var. microphylla, (Anderss.) Fern. (S. tristis Ait.)	dwarf pussy w.
humilis Marsh. var. humilis, & var. hyporhysa Fern. [These two include var.] rigidiuscula (Anderss.) Robins. & Fern.	prairie w.
interior Rowlee	sandbar w.
nigra Marsh.	black w.
rigida Muhl. (S. cordata Muhl., not Michx.)	heartleaf w.
Sambucus canadensis L.	American elderberry
Sapindas drummondi H. & A.	western soapberry
Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr.	greasewood
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees	common sassafras
Sorbus aucuparia L.	European mountainash
Staphylea trifolia L.	American bladdernut
Symphoricarpos Duham.	snowberry
occidentalis Hook.	western s.
orbiculatus Moench	buckbrush
Syringa vulgaris L.	common lilac
Tamarix L.	tamarisk
Tilia L.	linden; basswood[49]
americana L. (including T. palmeri Bush ex. F. C. Gates)	American l.
europaea L.	European l.
platyphyllos Scop.	bigleaf l.
Ulmus L.	elm
alata Michx.	winged e.
americana L.	American e.
carpinifolia Gleditsch.	smoothleaf e.
parvifolia Jacq.	Chinese e.
procera Salisb.	English e.
pumila L.	Siberian e.
rubra Muhl. (U. fulva Michx.)	slippery e.
thomasi Sarg.	rock e.
Viburnum L.	viburnum
prunifolium L.	blackhaw v.
rufidulum Raf.	rusty blackhaw v.
Vitis L.	wild grape
Wisteria macrostachya Nutt.	wisteria
Xanthoxylum americanum Mill.	common pricklyash
Yucca glauca Nutt.	small soapweed

acaulis	stemless
acicularis	needle-like
acuminatus	long-pointed, tapering
aestivalis	summer
affinis	related to
agrostoides	similar to agrostis
airoides	sky-blue
alatus	winged
alba	white
albidus, albus	white
alopecuroides	foxtail
alternifolius	alternate-leaved
altissimus	very tall
amabilis	lovely
amplexicaulis	clasping the stem
anceps	two-headed or edged
angustifolius	narrow-leaved
apiculatus	tipped with a point
annua	yearly
arachnifera	spiderwebby
arborescens	tree-like
arenarius	of sandy places
arenicola	sand inhabitant
argenteus	silvery
argillaceus	of clay or clay-colored
argutus	sharp-toothed
arida	dry
aridus	arid
aristatus	bearded
arundinacea	reed-bearing
arundinaceous	reed-like
arvensis	of cultivated fields
asper	rough
asperifolia	rough leaves
atropurpureus	dark-purple
atrovirens	dark-green
aureus	golden
australis	southern
azureus	sky-blue
baccatus	berried
barbatus	barbed, bearded
barbinodis	barbed at nodes
barbulatum	bearded
basirmea	branches low; toward bottom
bicolor	two-colored
bidentata	two-toothed
bifidum	two-forked
bifidus	twice-cut
biflorus	two-flowered
borealis	northern
brachystachy	short-spiked
bulbifera	bulb-bearing
caeruleus	sky-blue, dark-blue
campanularia	bell-flowered
campestris	of the fields or plains
candidus	white, shining
canescens	gray-hairy
capillaris	hair-like
capitatus	headed
carinatus	keeled
catharticus	cathartic
caudatus	tailed
cernuus	drooping
chloranthus	green-flowered
ciliatifolium	hairy leaves
cilianensis	hairy
ciliaris, ciliatus	fringed
cinereus	ash-colored
circulare	round
clandestinus	concealed
coccineus	scarled
colonum	cultivated
comatus	with hair
communis	gregarious
commutatus	changing
comosus	long-haired
compressa	compressed
compressus	compressed
confertus	crowded
confusus	confused, uncertain
contortus	contorted
contracta	narrowed
cordatus	heart-shaped
corniculatus	horned
crassifolius	thick-leaved
cristatus	crested
crus-galli	cockspur
cryptandrus	hidden stamens
cucullata	hooded pedicel
cuneatus	wedge-shaped
curtipedicellata	short pedicel
curtipendula	short pendula
cuspidata	sharp, pointed
dactyloides	finger-shaped
dactylon	finger
debilis	weak
decumbens	reclining
deflexus	bent downward
deltoides	triangular
depauperatum	stunted
dichotoma	forked in pairs
dichotomiflorum	flowering in twos
diffusa	loosely branching
dilatatum	dilated, expanded
discolor	different colors
distichum	2-rank; leaves or flowers in rank on opposites sides of stem
divaricata	spreading, widely divergent
donax	reed or cane
dubia	doubtful
dulcis	sweet
dumosus	bushy
echinatus	prickly
edulis	edible
elatior	taller
elatus	tall
elongata	lengthened
erectum	upright
eriopoda	having hairs at base
esculentus	edible
everta	expelled, turned out
extensa	spread out or stretched out
falcatus	sickle-shaped
fasciculatus	fascicled
filiformis	long, very slender, thread-like
fistulosis	hollow, cylindrical
flabellatus	fan-like parts
flavescens	yellowish
flavus	yellow
flexilis	pliant
flexuosa	alternately bent in different directions
floridanum	flowering or from Florida
fragilis	brittle, fragile
fragrans	fragrant, odorous
frondosus	leafy
frutescens	shrubby, bushy
furcatus	forked
geminatum	double
geniculata	bent more or less like a knee
geniculatus	jointed
glaber	smooth
glabriflorus	smooth flower
glomerata	dense or compact cluster or clusters
gracilis	slender
gramineus	grassy
hastatus	spear-shaped
heterolepsis	heterogeneous scales
heterophyllus	various-leaved; with leaves of more than one shape
hiomalis	pertaining to winter
hians	spread out
hirsuta	bristly or prickly
hirta	hairy
hispidus	bristly
hortensis	of or belonging to a garden
humilis	dwarf
hyemalis	of winter
hystrix	bristly
incanus	hoary
indentata	toothed, indented
indurata	hardened
inermis	unarmed
intermedium	intermediate
interruptis	not continuous, irregular
jubatum	crested, with a mane
junceus	rush-like
labiatus	lipped
laeve	left hand
laevigatus	smooth
laevis	smooth
lanatus	wooly
lanosa	wooly
lanuginosum	wooly, downy
lanuginosus	wooly
lasiocarpus	rough- or wooly-fruited
latifolia	broad leaf
latiglumis	wide glumes
laxa	loose
leucanthus	white-flowered
leucotricha	white hairs
linearifolum	long, slender leaves
longispica	long-spiked
longpipes	long-footed
lutescens	yellowish or becoming yellow
macranthus	large-flowered
macrocarpus	large fruits
macrophyllus	large-leaved
macrus	large
maculatus	spotted
malacophyllum	soft leaves
maritimus	of the sea
micranthus	small-flowered
microcarpon	small-fruited
miliaceum	pertaining to millet
mirabilis	wonderful
mollis	soft
monspeliensis	lives in caves and mountains
montanus	of mountains
multiflorum	many-flowered
muralis	of walls
murinum	mouse-colored
mutabile	changeable
mutabilis	variable
mutica	curtailed
nanus	dwarf
natans	floating
neglectus	overlooked
nemoralis	of groves or woods
nitens	shining
nudicaulis	naked-stemmed
nutans	nodding
obtusata	blunt, rounded
obtusum	blunted, dull
occidentale	western
octoflora	8-flowered
officinalis	official
olignathus	few-flowered
orientalis	eastern
ornatus	adorned
ovinus	of sheep
palustris	marsh-loving
paniculatus	in panicles
parviflora	small-flowered
parvifolius	small-leaved
patens	spreading
patula	spreading
pauciflorus	few-flowered
pectinatus	comb-like
perennans	perennial
phleoides	resembling timothy
pilifera	bearing hairs
pilosa	with long hairs
polyanthes	many-flowered
polyanthus	many-flowered
pracocius	aggressive
pratense	of meadows
pubens	downy
pubescens	downy, covered with soft hairs
pubiflorum	downy-flowered
pulchellus	pretty, beautiful
pumila	dwarf
pumilus	dwarf
purpurascens	purplish
purpurea	purple
pusillum	very small
ramosissima	many-branched
ramosus	branched
repens	creeping
reptans	creeping
retroflexus	reflaxed
regodoseta	stiff bristles
robustus	robust, stout
rupestris	rock-loving
rostratus	rostrate, beaked
rugosa	wrinkled
saccharinus	saccharine
saccaroides	sweet; like sugar
salinus	salty
sanguilalis	blood-colored
sanguineus	blood-red
sativa	cultivated
sativus	cultivated
scandens	climbing
sciurea	resembling squirrel’s tail
scoparius	broom-like
secundiflora	one-sided
septentrionalis	northern
sericea	silken
serotinus	late-flowering
sessilispicata	without pedicel
setaceus	bristle-like
sobolifera	bearing creeping, rooting stems or shoots
speciosus	showy, good-looking
spectabilis	spectacular, worth seeing
sphaerocarpon	round-fruited
squarrosa	with parts spreading or recurved at ends
sterilis	sterile, infertile
stramineum	straw-colored
strictus	strict, upright, erect
tectorum	of roofs, or houses
temulentum	drunken
tenarum	slender, tender, soft
tenarius	slender
tener	slender
tenuiflora	slender flowers
tenuis	slender, thin
tinctorius	of dyes
tomentosus	densely wooly
trichodes	pilose
tridens	with 3 teeth
trifidus	three-parted
trunicata	blunt
uncinatus	hooked
vaginaeflorus	flowers in sheath
vaginatus	sheathed
vernalis	vernal
vernis	of spring
versuta	versatile
verticellata	in whorls
villosa	hairy
villosissimum	hairy
villosus	hairy
virens	green
viridis	green
virgatus	twiggy
vulgaris	common