The Hindu-Arabic Numerals by David Eugene Smith and Louis Charles Karpinski
Read now or download (free!)
| Choose how to read this book | Url | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Read online (web) | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22599.html.images | 561 kB | ||||
| EPUB3 (E-readers incl. Send-to-Kindle) | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22599.epub3.images | 783 kB | ||||
| EPUB (older E-readers) | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22599.epub.images | 714 kB | ||||
| EPUB (no images, older E-readers) | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22599.epub.noimages | 242 kB | ||||
| Kindle | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22599.kf8.images | 3.3 MB | ||||
| older Kindles | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22599.kindle.images | 3.2 MB | ||||
| Plain Text UTF-8 | https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22599.txt.utf-8 | 343 kB | ||||
| Download HTML (zip) | https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/22599/pg22599-h.zip | 579 kB | ||||
| There may be more files related to this item. | ||||||
About this eBook
| Author | Smith, David Eugene, 1860-1944 |
|---|---|
| Author | Karpinski, Louis Charles, 1878-1956 |
| LoC No. | 11020635 |
| Title | The Hindu-Arabic Numerals |
| Note | Reading ease score: 64.2 (8th & 9th grade). Neither easy nor difficult to read. |
| Credits |
Produced by David Newman, Chuck Greif, Keith Edkins and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images from the Cornell University Library: Historical Mathematics Monographs collection.) |
| Summary | "The Hindu-Arabic Numerals" by David Eugene Smith and Louis Charles Karpinski is a historical account written in the early 20th century. This work delves into the origins and evolution of the numeral system commonly used today, which is often misnamed "Arabic" despite its true roots in Hindu mathematics. The authors aim to compile and clarify the fragmented history of these numerals, exploring their development, usage, and eventual widespread acceptance in commerce and science. The opening of the book establishes the premise that the Hindu-Arabic numeral system is relatively recent in its widespread adoption, only becoming prominent in Europe and the Americas over the past few centuries. It discusses misconceptions about the origins of these numerals, tracing their evolution from earlier notational systems used by ancient civilizations. The authors highlight the contributions of various scholars, particularly in assessing the claims of both Hindu and Arabic origins for these numerals and setting the stage for a deeper exploration into their journey from India to Europe, emphasizing the complexity involved in this mathematical history. (This is an automatically generated summary.) |
| Language | English |
| LoC Class | QA: Science: Mathematics |
| Subject | Numerals |
| Category | Text |
| EBook-No. | 22599 |
| Release Date | Sep 14, 2007 |
| Most Recently Updated | Jan 2, 2021 |
| Copyright Status | Public domain in the USA. |
| Downloads | 351 downloads in the last 30 days. |
| Project Gutenberg eBooks are always free! | |
