The Project Gutenberg EBook of History Of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria,
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Title: History Of Egypt, Chaldæa, Syria, Babylonia, And Assyria
A Linked Index to the Project Gutenberg Editions
Author: Gaston Maspero
Editor: David Widger
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER III.—-THE LEGENDARY HISTORY OF EGYPT
List of Illustrations
006.jpg The Mouth of The Nile Previous to The Formation Of the Delta.
009.jpg A Line of Laden Camels Emerges from A Hollow
011.jpg Part of Gebel Shêkh HerÎdi
012.jpg The Hill of Kasr Es-sayyad
014.jpg Entrance to the First Cataract
016.jpg League Beyond League, the Hills Stretch on
018.jpg The Entrance to The First Cataract
020.jpg Entrance to the Second Catakact
022.jpg An Attempt to Represent the Egyptian Universe
023.jpg Footnotes With Graphics
027.jpg South Africa and the Sources of The Nile
036.jpg Entrance of the MudÎriyeh Of AsyÛt
040.jpg Acacias at the Entrance to a Garden Outside EkhmÎm
045.jpg The Mormyrus Oxyrhynchus
047.jpg Two Fishermen Carrying a Latus
049.jpg The Shrine of The Nile at Biggeh
051.jpg Nile Gods from the Temple of Seti I. At Abydos
059.jpg The Noble Type of Egyptian
060.jpg Head of a Tileban Mummy
060b.jpg Wrappings from a Mummy (Oil painting)
062.jpg A Fellah Woman With the Features of an Ancient King
066.jpg Negro Prisoners Wearing the Panther's Skin As A Loin-cloth.
068.jpg Notable Wearing the Large Cloak; Priest Wearing Panther's Skin
070.jpg A Dignitary Wrapped in his Large Cloak
072.jpg Costume of Egyptian Woman, Spinning
073.jpg Man Wearing Wig and Necklaces
074.jpg The Boomerang and Fighting Bow
076.jpg King Holding the Baton
077.jpg Fishing in the Marshes
078.jpg Hunting in the Marshes: Encountering a Hippopotamus
079.jpg Hunting in the Desert: Bull, Lion, and Oryx
080.jpg Catching Animals With the Bola
082.jpg A Swineherd and his Pigs
089.jpg An Egyptian Saki (well) Procuring Water for Irrigation
091.jpg Boatmen Fighting on a Canal Communicating With The Nile
092.jpg A Great Egyptian Lord, Ti, and his Wife
108.jpg the Goddess NapkÎt, StapÎt
110.jpg Some Fabulous Beasts of the Egyptian Desert
113.jpb Some Fabulous Beasts of the Egyptian Desert
116.jpg Goose-god Facing The Cat-goddess, The Lady Of Heaven
117.jpg the Cow HÂthor, The Lady Of Heaven
118.jpg Twelve Stages in The Life of The Sun and Its Twelve Forms
123.jpg Conception of the Principal Constellations of the Northern Sky
124.jpg Lunar Bark, Self-propelled, Under The Protection of the Two Eyes
125.jpg The Haunch, and The Female Hippopotamus
127.jpg Okion, Sothis, and Two Hokus-planets
129.jpg Orion and the Cow Sothis Separated by The Sparrow-hawk
131.jpg Amon-rÂ, As MÎnÛ of Coptos, Invested With His Emblems
136.jpg The Hoeus of HibonÛ, on The Back Of The Gazelle
147.jp The Black Shadow Coming out Into The Sunlight.
148.jpg August Souls of Osiris and Horus in Adoration
150.jpg The King After his Coronation
161.jpg Sacrificing to the Dead in The Tomb Chapel
169.jpg Open-air Offerings to the Serpent
171.jpg The Peasant's Offering to The Sycamore
173.jpg Sacrifice of The Bull.—Priest Lassoing the Victim
182.jpg ShÛ Forcibly Separating SibÛ and NÛÎt
185.jpg Osiris-onnophris, Whip and Crook in Hand
187.jpg Isis, Wearing the Cow-horn Head-dress
189.jpg Nephthys, As a Wailing Woman, and the God SÎt, Fighting
192.jpg Horus, the Avenger of his Father, and Anubis ÛapÔaÎtÛ
191.jpg The Sun Springing from an Opening Lotus-flower
194.jpg The Plain and Mounds of Heliopolis Fifty Years Ago
196.jpg HakmakhÛÎti-hakmakhis, the Great God
201.jpg The Twin Lions, ShÛ and TafnÛÎt
204.jpg The Four Funerary Genii, KhabsonÛf, TiÛmaÛtf, Hapi, and AmsÎt
208.jpg The Ibis Thot, and The Cynocephalous Thot
212.jpg The Hermopolitan Ogdoad
224.jpg KhnÛmÛ Modelling Man Upon a Potter's Table.
230.jpg At the First Hour of The Day The Sun Embarks
236.jpg SokhÎt, the Lioness-headed.
242.jpg Cow, Sustained Above the Earth by ShÛ and The Support
244.jpg Three of the Divine Amulets Preserved
250.jpg the Osmian Triad Hokus. Osiris, Isis.
253.jpg Isis-hathor, Cow-headed.
256.jpg The Osirian Mummy Prepared
257.jpg The Reception Op The Mummy by Anubis
259.jpg Osikis in Hades, Accompanied by Isis, AmentÎt, And Nephthys
260.jpg The Deceased Climbing The Slope of The Mountain Of the West
261.jpg The Mummy of SÛtimosÛ Clasping his Soul Into His Arms.
262.jpg Cynocephali Drawing the Net in Which Souls Are Caught. 1
264.jpg Deceased and his Wife Seated in Front of The Sycamore of NÛÎt
266.jpg Deceased Piercing a Serpent With his Lance. 2
267.jpg Good Cow HÂthor Carrying The Dead Man and His Soul.
268.jpg Anubis and Thot Weighing the Heart of The Deceased
269.jpg The Deceased is Brought Before The Shrine Of Osiris the Judge
272B.jpg The Occupations of Ani in the Elysian Fields
275.jpg The Manes Tilling The Ground and Reaping in Fields
277.jpg The Dead Man and his Wife Playing at Draughts In The Pavilion.
278.jpg The Dead Man Sailing in his Bark Along The Canals
279.jpg Boat of a Funerary Fleet on Its Way to Abydos.
280.jpg The Solar Bark Into Which The Dead Man is About To Enter.
282.jpg The Solar Bark Passing Into The Mountain of The West.
284.jpg The Soul Descending The Sepulchral Shaft
285.jpg The Soul on The Edge of The Funeral Couch
287.jpg The Soul Going Forth Into Its Garden by Day
289.jpg An Incident in the Wars of Haratheus and Sit
293.jpg One of the Astronomical Tables Of The Tomb Of Ramses IV.
304.jpg The Gods Fighting Foe The Magician Who Has Invoked Them.
306.jpg The Child Horus on The Crocodiles.
310.jpg A Dead Man Receiving the Breath of Life.
315.jpg Th0t Records the Years of The Life Of Ramses.
332.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Abydos, Made by Mariette In 1865 and 1875.
343.jpg Necklace, Bearing Name of Menes.
350.jpg SatÎt Presents the Pharaoh AmenÔthes III. To KhnÔmÛ.
353.jpg The Step Pyramid of Sauara.
356. Jpg One of the Chambers Of The Step-pyramid
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF EGYPT
CHAPTER II—THE MEMPHITE EMPIRE
CHAPTER III—THE FIRST THEBAN EMPIRE
List of Illustrations
004.jpg the Mastaba of Khomtini in The Necropolis Of GÎzeh
006.jpg the Great Sphinx of GÎzeh Partially Uncovered, And the Pyramid of Khephren
008.jpg TetiniÔnkhÛ, Sitting Before the Funeral Repast
009.jpg the Façade and The Stele of The Tomb Of Phtahshopsisu at Saqqara
010.jpg Stele in the Form of a Door
014.jpg a Representation of the Domains Of The Lord Ti, Bringing to Him Offerings in Procession
021.jpg the Birth of a King and his Double
024.jpg the Adult King Advancing, Followed by his Double
028.jpg the Goddess Adopts The King by Suckling Him
029.jpg the Cucupha-headed Sceptre.
030.jpg Different Postures for Approaching the King
039.jpg Pharaoh Gives Solemn Audience to One of His Ministers
042.jpg The Queen Shakes the Sistrum While The King Offers The Sacrifice
042b.jpg the Island and Temple of Phil.
051.jpg Men and Women Singers, Flute-players, Harpists, And Dancers, from the Tomb of Ti
052.jpg the Dwarf Khnumhotpu, Superintendent of The Royal Linen
059.jpg the Packing of The Linen and Its Removal to The White Storehouse.
061.jpg Measuring the Wheat and Depositing It in The Granaries
063.jpg Plan of a Princely Storehouse for Provisions
065.jpg the Staff of a Government Officer in The Time Of The Memphite Dynasties
068.jpg the Funeral Stele of The Tomb Of Amten, The "grand Huntsman."
072.jpg Statue of Amten, Found in his Tomb
075.jpg Plan of the Villa Of a Great Egyptian Noble
077.jpg Hunting With the Boomerang and Fishing With The Double Harpoon in a Marsh Or Pool
078.jpg Prince Api, Borne in a Palanquin, Inspects His Funerary Domain
079.jpg a Dwarf Playing With Cynocephali and A Tame Ibis
092.jpg Some of the Military Athletic Exercises
095.jpg War-dance Performed by Egyptian Soldiers Before A Battle
098.jpg Two Blacksmiths Working the Bellows
099.jpg Stone-cutters Finishing the Dressing of Limestone Blocks
101.jpg a Workshop of Shoemakers Manufacturing Sandals
101.jpg the Baker Making his Bread and Placing It in The Oven
103.jpg the House of a Great Egyptian Lord
104.jpg Plan of a Part Of the Ancient Town Of Kahun
105.jpg Stele of SÎtÛ, Representing the Front Of a House
106.jpg a Street in the Higher Quarter of Modern SiÛt
107.jpg a Hall With Columns in One of the Xiith Dynasty Houses at Gurob
109.jpg Apparatus for Striking a Light
110.jpg Mitral Paintings in the Ruins of an Ancient House At Kahun
114.jpg Two Women Weaving Linen at a Horizantal Loom
118.jpg One of the Forms Of Egyptian Scales
123.jpg Part of the Modern Village Of Karnak, to The West Of the Temple of ApÎt
128.jpg the Levying of The Tax: The Taxpayer in The Scribe's Office
130.jpg Levying the Tax: The Taxpayer in The Hands of The Exactors
131.jpg Levying the Tax: The Bastinado
132.jpg Collosal Statue of a King
136.jpg Colored Sculptures in the Palace
142a.jpg Two FellahÎn Work the Shadouf in a Garden
142b.jpg Cutting and Carrying the Harvest
147.jpg a Flock of Goats and the Song Of A Goatherd
154.jpg Map Sinaitic Peninsular, Time of Memphite Empire
156.jpg A Barbarian MonÎti from Sinai
157.jpg Two Refuge Towers of the HirÛ-shÂÎtÛ, in The Wady BÎar
159.jpg View of the Oasis Of Wady FeÎkÂn in The Peninsula Of Sinai
163.jpg the Mining Works of Wady Maghara
164.jpg the High Castle of The Miners—haÎt-qaÎt—at The Confluence of Wady Genneh and Wady Maghara
171.jpg the Court and The Two StelÆ of The Chapel Adjoining the Pyramid of MêdÛm
176.jpg the Triumphal Bas-reliefs of Kheops on The Rocks Of Wady Maghara
176b.jpg Profile of Head Of a Mummy, (a Man) Thebes
179.jpg KhÛÎt, the Great Pyramid of GÎzeh, The Sphinx, And the Temple of The Sphinx
181a.jpg the Movable Flagstone at The Entrance to The Great Pyramid
181b.jpg the Interior of The Great Pyramid
183.jpg the Ascending Passage of The Great Pyramid
187.jpg the Name of Kheops Drawn in Red on Several Blocks Of the Great Pyramid
188.jpg Alabaster Statue of Khephren
188b.jpg the Pyramid of Khephren
192.jpg Diorite Statue of MenraÛrÏ
194.jpg the Coffin of Mykerinos
196.jpg the Granite Sarcophagus of Mykerinos
198.jpg Diorite Statue of Khephren, GÎzeu Museum
211.jpg Table of the IVth Dynasty
215.jpg Table of Pharaohs Of the Vth Dynasty
210.jpg Statue in Rose-coloured Granite of the Pharaoh AnÛ, in the GÎzeh Museum
217.jpg Triumphal Bas-relief of Pharaoh SahÛrÛ, on The Rocks of Wady Magharah.
219.jpg Passenger Vessel Under Sail
223.jpg Map of Nubia in the Time Of The Memphite Empire
225.jpg Head of an Inhabitant Of PÛanÎt
234a.jpg Avenue of Sphinxes—karnak
236.jpg One of the Wooden Panels Of Hosi, in The GÎzeh Museum
237.jpg a Sculptor's Studio, and Egyptian Painters At Work
238.jpg Cellarer Coating a Jar With Pitch
239.jpg Baker Kneading his Dough
241.jpg the Sheikh-el Beled in The Gizeh Museum
242.jpg the Kneeling Scribe in The Gizeh Museum
246.jpg Peasant Going to Market
247.jpg Kofir, the Director of Granaries
252.jpg Stele of the Daughter Of Kheops
253.jpg the Pharaoh MenkauhorÛ
255.jpg the Mastabat-el-faraun, Looking Towards The West Façade
265.jpg the Island of Elephantine
266.jpg the Island of Elephantine Seen from The Ruins Of Syenne
269.jpg Small Wady, Five Hours Beyond Ed-doueÎg, on The Road to the Red Sea
270.jpg the Rocks of The Island Of Sehêl, With Some Of The Votive Inscriptions
275.jpg the Mountain of Aswan and The Tombs Of The Princes of Elephantine
278.jpg HirkhÛf Receiving Posthumous Homage at the Door Of his Tomb from His Son
282.jpg Head of the Mummy Of Metesouphis I
283.jpg Plan of the Pyramid Of Unas
284.jpg the Sepulchral Chamber in The Pyramid of Unas, And his Sarcophaous
286.jpg the Entrance to The Pyramid of Unas at SaqqÀra
289.jpg Table of the Dates Of The Kings Vith Dynasty
298.jpg Flat-bottomed Vessel of Bronze Open-work Bearing The Cartouches of Pharaoh KhÎti I
300.jpg Part of the Walls Of El-kab on The Northern Side
302.jpg the Second Fortress of Abydos—the ShÛnet-ez-zebÎb—as Seen from the East
304.jpg Attack Upon an Egyptian Fortress by Troops Of Various Arms
306.jpg Denderah—temple of Tentyra
306-text.jpg—temple of Tentyra
310.jpg Map, the Principality of SiÛt
311.jpg the Heavy Infantry of The Princes Of SiÛt, Armed With Lance and Buckler
313.jpg Palette Inscribed With the Name of MirikarÎ
314.jpg the Brick Pyramid of AntÛfÂa, at Thebes
318.jpg the Pharaoh Monthotpu Receiving The Homage of His Successor—antue—in the Shat Er-rigeleh.
326.jpg Some of the Band Of Asiatics, With Their Beasts, Brought from KhnÛmhotpÛ
334.jpg Plan of the Temple Of Sarbut El Khadim
335.jpg the Ruins of The Temple Of Hathor
344.jpg One of The Façades Of the Fortress Of Kubban
345.jpg the Second Cataract Between Hamkeh and Wady Halfa
346.jpg the Second Cataract at Low Nile
349.jpg the Triumphal Stele of Usirtasen I.
351.jpg the Rapids of The Nile at Semneh, and The Two Fortresses Built by Usirtasen Iii
353.jpg the Channel of The Nile Between The Two Fortresses of Semneh and Kummeh
355.jpg KÛshite Prisoners Brought to Egypt
362.jpg the Routes Leading from The Nile to The Red Sea, Between Koptos and Kosseir.
376.jpg One of the Tanis Sphinxes in The GÎzeh Museum
381.jpg the Obelisk of Ûsirtasen I., Still Standing In The Plain of Heliopolis
384.jpg Usirtasen I. Of Abydos
385.jpg a Part of the Ancient Sacred Lake Of Osiris Near The Temple of Abydos
386.jpg the Site of The Ancient Heracleopolis
387.jpg SobkÛ, the God of The FayÛm, Under The Form Of A Sacred Crocodile
388.jpg the Remains of The Obelisk Of Begig
389.jpg the Ruined Pedestal of One Of The Colossi Of BiahmÛ
390.jpg a View in the FayÛm In The Neighbourhood of The Village of FidemÎn
391.jpg the Court of The Small Temple
392.jpg the Shores of The Birket-kerun Near The Embouchure of the Wady Nazleh
393.jpg the Two Pyramids of The Xiith Dynasty at Lisht
394.jpg Painting at the Entrance of The Fifth Tomb
395.jpg Pectoral Ornament of Usirtasen Iii
396.jpg the Pyramid of Illahun, at The Entrance Of The Fa.Ûm
399.jpg the Mountain of Silt With The Tombs Of The Princes
401.jpg Map of Principality Of the Gazelle
405.jpg the Modern Cemetery of Zawyet El-meiyetÎn
408.jpg the Tombs of Princes Of The Gazelle-nome At Beni-hasan
410.jpg the Colossal Statue of King Sovkhotpu in The Louvre
414.jpg Statue of HarsÛf in the Vienna Museum
415.jpg Statue of SovkhotpÛ Iii.
417.jpg One of the Overturned and Broken Statues Of MirmasiiaÛ at Tanis
CONTENTS
CHAPTER II—THE TEMPLES AND THE GODS OF CHALDÆA
CHAPTER III—CHALDÆAN CIVILIZATION
APPENDIX—THE PHARAOHS OF THE ANCIENT AND MIDDLE EMPIRES
List of Illustrations
Frontispiece.jpg El Hammam (the Bath)
006.jpg One of the Eagle-headed Genii.
009.jpg Bel-merodach, Armed With the Thunderbolt, Does Battle With the Tumultuous Tiamat.
011.jpg a Kufa Laden With Stones, and Manned by A Crew Of Four Men.
012.jpg the World As Conceived by The ChaldÆans
025.jpg Gigantic ChaldÆan Reeds
027.jpg the Marshes About The Confluence of The Kerkha And Tigris.
030.jpg the Gathering of The Spathes Of The Male Palm Tree
032.jpg a Winged Genius Holding in his Hand the Spathe Of The Male Date-palm.
033.jpg the Heavily Maned Lion Wounded by an Arrow And Vomiting Blood.
034.jpg the Urus in Act of Charging
035.jpg a Herd of Onagers Pursued by Dogs and Wounded By Arrows.
036.jpg the Chief Domestic Animals Op The Regions of The Euphrates.
037.jpg the Sow and Her Litter Making Their Way Through A Bed of Reeds.
042.jpg Two Fish-like Deities of the ChaldÆans.
045.jpg Page With One of the Tablets Of The Deluge Series.
048.jpg Shamashnapishtim Shut Into the Ark.
051.jpg the JudÎ Mountains Sometimes Identified With Tub Ntsib Mountains.
057.jpg Gilgames Strangles a Lion.
060.jpg Gilgames Fights, on the Left With a Bull, On The Right With Eabani.
068.jpg Gilgames and Eabani Fighting With Monsters.
071.jpg the Scorpion-men of The Mountains Of MÂshu.
073.jpg Gilgames and Arad-ea Navigating Their Vessel.
082.jpg Gilgames Struggles With a Lion
96.jpg the Seal of Shargani-shar-ali: Gilgames Waters The Celestial Ox.
096a.jpg Painting in Color of Charioteer
098.jpg Page Image: the Arms Op The City and Kings Of Lagash
099.jpg Fragment of Bas-relief by UrninÂ, King Of Lagash.
101.jpg Idingiranagin Holding the Totem of Lagash.
102.jpg Idingiranagin in his Chariot Leading His Troops.
103.jpg Page Image. Vultures Feeding Upon the Dead.
104.jpg Piling up the Mound of The Dead After The Battle.
105.jpg King Urnina and his Family.
109.jpg Sitting Statue of Gudea
111.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Mughîer
112.jpg Statues from Telloh. And Head of One Of The Statue of Gudea.
114.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Abu-shahreyn
115.jpg an Arab Crossing the Tigris in a "kufa."
117.jpg an Assyrian Kelek Laden With Building-stone.
126.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Wakka
128.jpg a ChaldÆan Stamped Brick.
134.jpg the Temple of Nannar at Uru, Approximately Restored.
135.jpg the Temple of Uru in Its Present State, According To Taylor
136.jpg Further View of the Temple Of Uru
141.jpg Sin Delivered by Merodach from the Assault of The Seven Evil Spirits.
142.jpg Struggle Between a Good and an Evil Genius.
145.jpg the God Ningibsu, Patron of Lagash.
152.jpg the Adoration of The Mace and The Whip.
169.jpg the God Sun Receives The Homage of Two Worshippers.
170.jpg Shamash Sets Out, in the Morning, from The Interior of the Heaven by The Eastern Gate.
171.jpg Shamash in his Shrine, His Emblem Before Him On The Altar.
173.jpg Ishtar Holding Her Star Before Sin.
177.jpg the Birds of The Tempest
178.jpg Ramman Armed With an Axe.
179.jpg Ramman, the God of Tempests and Thunder.
186.jpg Shamash Fights With zu and the Storm Birds.
186a.jpg the Plenisphere Taken from The Temple Of Tentyra
186b.jpg Text of the Plenisphere
190.jpg Ishtar As a Warrior-goddess
203.jpg a Votary Led to the God To Receive The Reward Of The Sacrifice
204.jpg the Sacrifice: a Goat Presented to Ishtar.
205.jpg the God Shamash Seizes With his Left Hand The Smoke of the Sacrifice.
208.jpg Decorated Wrappings from a Mummy (color)
209.jpg Chald.an Coffin in the Form of a Jar
209a.jpg a Vaulted Tomb in Uru
210.jpg ChaldÆan Tomb With Domed Roof.
111.jpg Chaldean Tomb With Flat Roof.
213.jpg the Interior of The Tomb
220.jpg the Goddess Allat Passes Through The Nether Regions in Her Bark.
221.jpg Nergal, the God of Hades; Back View.
226.jpg Ishtar Despoiled of Her Garments in Hades
229.jpg Dumuzi Rejuvenated on the Knees of Ishtar.
233.jpg Etana Carried to Heaven by an Eagle.
244.jpg the King Urnina Bearing The "kufa."
248.jpg the Plan of a Palace Built by Gudea.
249.jpg Terra-cotta Barrel-right
250.jpg Plan of the Existing Buildings Of Telloh.
251.jpg Decoration of Coloured Cones on the Façade at Uruk
252.jpg Pilasters of the Facade Of Gudea's Palace
255.jpg Stone Socket of One Of the Doors in The Palace Of Gudea.( Right)
258.jpg Stand of Black Stone from the Palace Of Telloh.
262.jpg Female Servant Bare to the Waist.(left)
262.jpg Costume of a ChaldÆn Lady (right)
266.jpg a Soldier Bringing Prisoners and Spoil.
268.jpg Manuscript on Papyrus in Heiroglyphics
279.jpg the Tablet of Tell-sifr, Broken to Show The Two Texts.
280.jpg Tablet Bearing the Impress of a Seal
294.jpg an Egyptian Slave Merchant
208a.jpg Chaldean Houses at Uru.
208b Plans of Houses Excavated at Eridu and Ubu.
300.jpg ChaldÆan Household Utensils in Terra-cotta
311a.jpg ChaldÆan Stone Implements.
311b.jpg ChaldÆan Stone Hammer Bearing an Inscription.
312.jpg ChaldÆn Implements of Bronze
313.jpg Vase of Silver. And Bull Of Copper.
315.jpg ChaldÆan Cylinder Exhibiting Traces of The Different Tools Used by the Engraver
318-text.jpg Egyptian Manuscript
322.jpg the Michaux Stone (left)
323.jpg the Other Side of The Michaux Stone (right)
324.jpg Two Rows of Shadufs on the Bank Of a River.
325.jpg ChaldÆan Farming Operations.
329b.jpg Scenes of Pastoral Life in ChaldÆa.
332.jpg ChaldÆan Carrying a Fish. (left)
333.jpg the Onager Taken With The Lasso.
340.jpg ChaldÆan Map of the World.
354.jpg Magic Nail of Terra Cotta
355.jpg Egyptian Cornice Bearing the Cartouches of Ramses I.
357.jpg Lists of the Pharaohs Of The Ancient Empire
358.jpg Lists on the Monuments
359.jpg Lists on the Monuments
360.jpg Lists on the Monuments
361.jpg Lists on the Monuments
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE FIRST CHALDÆAN EMPIRE AND THE HYKSÔS IN EGYPT
CHAPTER II—SYRIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE EGYPTIAN CONQUEST
CHAPTER III—THE EIGHTEENTH THEBAN DYNASTY
List of Illustrations
014.jpg the Most Northern Source of The Jordan, The Naiir-el-hasbany
017.jpg One of the Reaches Of The Jordan
018.jpg the Dead Sea and The Mountains of Moab, Seen Fkom The Heights of Engedi
023.jpg Asiatic Women from the Tomb of KhnÛmhotpÛ
024.jpg Two Asiatics Fkom the Tomb of KhnÛmhoptÛ.
030.jpg Plan of the Ruins Of Babylon
032.jpg the Kask Seen from The South
033.jpg the Tell of Borsippa, The Present Birs-nimrud
036.jpg the Banks of The Euphrates at Zuleibeh
045.jpg Map of ChaldÆa and Elam.
046.jpg an Ancient Susian of Negretic Race
047.jpg Native of Mixed Negritic Race from Susiana
048.jpg the Tumulus of Susa, As It Appeared Towards The Middle of the Xixth Century
057.jpg Head of a Sceptre in Copper, Bearing the Name Of Kham-murabi
079.jpg Pallate of HyksÔs Scribe
080.jpg a HyksÔs Prisoner Guiding the Plough, at El-kab
082.jpg Table of Offerings Bearing the Name Of ApÔti ÂqnÛnrÎ
084.jpg Broken Statue of Khiani
093.jpg the Traditional Oak of Abraham at Hebron
109.jpg NofrÎtari, from Tue Wooden Statuette in the Turin Museum
113.jpg the Small Gold Votive Barque of Pharaoh KamosÛ, In the GÎzeh Museum.
116.jpg the Walls of El-kab Seen from The Tomb Of Pihiri
116a.jpg Collection of Vases Modelled and Painted in The Grand Temple. Philae Island.
119.jpg the Ruins of The Pyramid Of QÛlah, Near Mohammerieh
122.jpg the Tombs of The Princes Of NekhabÎt, in The Hillside Above El-kab
130.jpg Painting in Tomb of the Kings Thebes
132.jpg a Convoy of TÛrah Quarrymen Drawing Stone
135.jpg Coffin of Ahmosis in the GÎzeh Museum
136.jpg Nofritari, Hie Black-skinned Goddess
137.jpg the Jewels and Weapons of Queen ÂhhhotpÛ I. In The GÎzeh Museum
144.jpg Statue of AmenÔthes I. In the Turin Museum
147.jpg the Coffin and Mummy of Amenothes
150.jpg ThÛtmosis I., from a Statue in the GÎzeh Museum
155.jpg Signs, Arms and Instruments
177.jpg the Fortress and Bridge of Zalu
184.jpg the Canaanite Fortresses
185.jpg the Walled City of DapÛr, in Galilee
187.jpg the Migdol of Ramses Iii. At Thebes, in The Temple of Medinet-abul
189.jpg the Modern Village of BeÎtÎn (ancient Bethel), Seen from the South-west.
196.jpg the Evergreen Oaks Between Joppa and Carmel
197.jpg Acre and the Fringe of Reefs Sheltering The Ancient Port
202.jpg the Tyrian Ladder at Ras El-abiad
206.jpg the Dyke at Baiik El-kades in Its Present Condition
212.jpg the Tell of Jerabis in Its Present Condition
215.jpg the Heads of Three Amorite Captives
216.jpg Mixture of Syrian Races
218.jpg a Caricature of the Syrian Type
220.jpg Syrians Dressed in the Loin-cloth and Double Shawl
226.jpg LotanÛ Women and Children from the Tomb Of RakhmieÎ
238.jpg a Cromlech in the Neighbourhood of Hesban, In The Country of Moab
240.jpg a Corner of the Phoenician Neckropolis at Adlun
241.jpg Valley of the Tomb Of The Kings
256a.jpg the Amphitheatre of Aphaka and The Source Of The Nahh-ibrahim
269.jpg Tyre and Its Suburbs on the Mainland
273.jpg the Sculptured Rocks of Hanaweh
282.jpg One of the KafÎti from The Tomb Of RakhmirÎ
288.jpg an Egyptian Trading Vessel of the First Half Of The Xviiith Dynasty
299.jpg One of the Daggers Discovered at MycenÆ, Showing An Imitation of Egyptian Decoration
311.jpg a Platoon (troop) of Egyptian Spearmen at DeÎr El-baharÎ
313.jpg a Platoon of Egyptian Archers at DeÎr El-baharÎ
314.jpg the Egyptian Chariot Preserved in The Florence Museum
315.jpg the King Charging on his Chariot
318.jpg an Egyptian Learning to Ride, from a Bas-relief In the Bologna Museum
319.jpg the War-dance of The Timihu at DeÎr El-baharÎ
321.jpg a Column of Troops on the March, Chariots And Infantry
322.jpg an Egyptian Fortified Camp, Forced by the Enemy
322b.jpg Two Companies on the March
325.jpg Scenes from Military Life in an Egyptian Camp
327.jpg Encounter Between Egyptian and Asiatic Chariots
336.jpg a City of Modern Nubia—the Ancient Dongola
338.jpg Arrival of an Ethiopian Queen Bringing Tribute To The Viceroy of KÛsii
341.jpg Gold Epergne Representing Scenes from Ethiopian Life
344.jpg Portrait of the Queen Âhmasi
345.jpg Queen MÛtnofrÎt in the GÎzeh Museum
346.jpg Queen HÂtshopsÎtÛ in Male Costume
347.jpg Bust of Queen HÂtshopsÎtÛ
348.jpg Painting on the Tomb of The Kings
350.jpg the Amphitheatre at DeÎr El-baharÎ, As It Appeared Bepoee Naville's Excavations
351.jpg the Northern Collonade
353.jpg Head of the Mummy Of ThÛtmosis I.
354.jpg Head of the Mummy Of ThÛtmosis Ii.
356.jpg the Coffin of Thûtmosis I.
356b Avenue of Rams and Pylon at Karnak
361.jpg an Inhabitant of the Land Of PÛanÎt
363.jpg a Village on the Bank of The River, With Ladders Of Incense
365.jpg Prince ParihÛ and the Princess of PuanÎt
366.jpg the Embarkation of The Incense Sycomores On Board the Egyptian Fleet
369.jpg Some of the Incense Trees Brought from PÛanÎt To DeÎr El-baiiakÎ
372.jpg Thutmosis Iii., from his Statue in the Turin Museum
378.jpg an Egyptian Encampment Before a Besieged Town
380.jpg Some of the Plants and Animals Brought Back From PuanÎt
381.jpg Part of the Triumphal Lists Of Thutmosis Iii.
384.jpg Some of the Objects Carried in Tribute to The Syrians
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE EIGHTEENTH THEBAN DYNASTY—(continued)
CHAPTER II—THE REACTION AGAINST EGYPT
CHAPTER III—THE CLOSE OF THE THEBAN EMPIRE
List of Illustrations
006.jpg a Procession of Negroes
015.jpg a Syrian Town and Its Outskirts After an Egyptian Army Had Passed Through It
030.jpg the LotanÛ and The Goldsmiths'work Constituting Their Tribute
032b.jpg Painted Tablets in the Hall of Harps
034.jpg. The Bear and Elephant Brought As Tribute in The Tomb of Rakhmiri
040.jpg the Mummy of Thutmosis Iii.
041.jpg Head of the Mummy Of ThÛtmosis Iii.
044.jpg AmenÔthes Ii., from the Statue at Turin
046.jpg the Great Sphinx and The Chapel of Thutmosis Iv.
047.jpg the Simoom. Sphinx and Pyramids at Gizeh
050.jpg the Stele of The Sphinx Of Gizer
052b.jpg Amenothes Iii. Colossal Head in the British Museum
053.jpg Amenothes Iii. From the Tomb of Khamhait
058.jpg a Gang of Syrian Prisoners Making Brick for The Temple of Amon
059.jpg One of the Rams Of AmenÔthes Iii
062.jpg One of the Lions Of Gebel-barkal
065.jpg the Temple at Elephantine, As It Was in 1799
066.jpg the Great Court of The Temple Of Luxor During The Inundation
067.jpg Part of the Avenue Of Rams, Between The Temples Of Amon and MaÛt
069.jpg the Pylons of ThÛtmosis Iii. And HarmhabÎ At Kaknak
070.jpg Sacred Lake Akd the Southern Part of The Temple Of Karnak.
073.jpg the Two Colossi of Memnon in The Plain Of Thebes
076.jpg a Party of Tourists at the Foot Of The Vocal Statue of Memnok
087.jpg the Decorated Pavement of The Palace
095.jpg the Mask of KihÛniatonÛ
096.jpg AmenÔthes Iv., from the Statuette in The Louvre.
098.jpg KhÛniatonÛ and his Wife Rewarding One of The Great Officers of the Court
100.jpg the Door of a Tomb at Tel El-amarna
103.jpg Interior of a Tomb at Tel El-amarna
104.jpg Profile of Head Of Mummy (thebes Tombs.)
106.jpg Two of the Daughters Of KhÛhi AtonÛ
111.jpg Sarcophagus of the Pharaoh AÎ
123.jpg the First Pylon of HarmhabÎ at Karnak
127.jpg Amenothes IV. From a Fragment Used Again By Harmhabi
129.jpg the Vaulted Passage of The Rock-tomb at Gebel Silsileh
131.jpg the Triumph Of HarmhabÎ in The Sanctuary of Gebel Silsileh
135.jpg Three Heads of Hittite Soldiers
140.jpg a Hittite Chariot With Its Three Occupants
166.jpg Representation of Seti I. Vanquishing the Libyans And Asiatics on the Walls, Karnak
168.jpg a Fortified Station on the Route Between The Nile And the Red Sea.
169.jpg the Temple of Seti I. At Redesieh
170.jpg Fragment of the Map Of The Gold-mines
171.jpg the Three Standing Columns of The Temple Of Sesebi
173 an Avenue of One Of the Aisles Of The Hypostyle Hall At Karnak
174.jpg the Gratings of The Central Colonnade in The Hypostyle Hall at Karnak
176.jpg One of the Colonnades Of The Hypostyle Hall In The Temple of Seti I. At Abydos
176b.jpg the Facade of The Temple Of Seti
184.jpg One of the Pillars Of The Tomb Of Seti I.
187.jpg Ramses II. Puts the Negroes to Flight
193.jpg the Shardana Guard of Ramses II.
195.jpg Two Hittite Spies Beaten by the Egyptian Soldiers
196.jpg the Egyptian Camp and The Council of War on The Morning of the Battle Of QodshÛ
198.jpg the Garrison of QodshÛ Issuing Forth to Help The Prince of KhÂti.
214.jpg KhÂtusaru, Prince of KhÂti, and his Daughter
218.jpg Phoenician Boats Landing at Thebes
221.jpg the Projecting Columns of The Speos Of Gerf-hosseÎn
221.jpg the Caryatides of Gerf-hosseÎn
224.jpg the Two Colossi of Abu Simbel to The South Of The Doorway
225.jpg the Interior of The Speos Of Abu Simbel
228.jpg the Face of The Rock at Abu Simgel
229.jpg Ramses Ii. Pierces a Libyan Chief With his Lance
230.jpg Ramses Ii. Strikes a Group of Prisoners
231.jpg the Façade of The Little Speos Of Hauthor at Abu Simbel
232.jpg Columns of Temple at Luxor
233.jpg the Chapel of Thutmosis III. And One Of The Pylons of Ramses Ii. At Luxor
235.jpg the Colonnade of Seti I. And The Three Colossal Statues of Ramses II. At Luxor
237.jpg the Remains of The Colossal Statue Of Ramses Ii. At the Ramesseum
240.jpg the Ruins of The Memnonium Of Ramses Ii. At Abydos
242.jpg the Colossal Statue of Ramses II. At Mitrahineh
245.jpg the Chapel of The Apis Of AmekÔthes III.
247.jpg Stele of the Nahr El-kelb
248.jpg the Bas-belief of Ninfi
249.jpg the Coffin and Mummy of Ramses II
263.jpg the Chapels of Ramses II. And Minephtah At Sisileh
299.jpg One of the Libyan Chiefs Vanquished by Ramses Iii.
300.jpg the Waggons of The Pulasati and Their Confederates
307.jpg the Army Op Ramses III. On The March, and The Lion-hunt
308.jpg the Defeat of The Peoples Of The Sea
313.jpg the Captive Chiefs of Ramses Iii. At Medinet-ihabu
314.jpg Ramses III. Binds the Chiefs of The Libyans
318.jpg the Prince of The Khati
320.jpg Signs, Arms and Instruments
321.jpg the Colossal Osirian Figures in The First Court At Medinet-habu
322.jpg the First Pylon of The Temple
327.jpg the Mummy of Ramses III.
331.jpg a Ramses of the Xxth Dynasty
334.jpg Map: Thebes in the Xxth Dynasty
345.jpg Pectoral of Ramses II.
347.jpg the Ram-headed Sparrow-hawk in The Louvre
350.jpg Page Image With Furniture
358.jpg the Cat Before Its Judge
359.jpg a Concert of Animals Devoted to Music
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE CLOSE OF THE THEBAN EMPIRE—(continued)
CHAPTER II—THE RISE OF THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE
CHAPTER III—THE HEBREWS AND THE PHILISTINES—DAMASCUS
List of Illustrations
005.jpg the Necropolis of SheÎkh and El-qurneh
007.jpg Head of a Theban Mummy
008.jpg the Manufacture and Painting of The Cartonnage
009.jpg Wrapping of the Mummy, Under The Direction Of The "Man of the Roll"
012.jpg the Funeral of Harmhabi
013.jpg the Funeral of HabmhabÎ
014.jpg the Boat Carrying The Mummy
015.jpg the Boats Containing The Female Weepers and The People of the Household
016.jpg the Boats Containing The Friends and The Funerary Furniture
017.jpg a Corner of the Theban Necropolis
018.jpg Painting in the Fifth Tomb of The Kings to The Right
019.jpg the Farewell to The Mummy, and The Double Received by the Goddess
021.jpg Niche in the Tomb of Menna
025.jpg the Paraphernalia of a Mummy Of The XXth to The Xxiind Dynasties
026.jpg the Funeral Repast—music and Dancing
027.jpg the Coffin of The Favourite Gazelle Of IsÎmkhobiu
029.jpg One of the Harpers Of The Tomb Of Ramses III.
032.jpg Paintings at the End of The Hall Of The Fifth The Tomb
033.jpg Amenothes III. At Luxor
026.jpg Sketch of a Female Acrobat
Bas-relief of Seti I., Showing Corrections Made by The Sculptor
040.jpg the Kneeling Scribe at Turin
041a.jpg Young Girl in the Turing Museum
043b.jpg Statue in the Turin Museum
045.jpg Funerary Casket in the Turin Museum
046.jpg Shrine in the Turin Museum
048.jpg the Swallow-goddess from The Theban Necropolis
049.jpg the Goddess MabÎtsakbo
060.jpg Decorated Wrappings of a Mummy
062.jpg One of the Mysterious Books Of Amon
066.jpg the Entrance to a Royal Tomb
066b.jpg One of the Hours Of The Night
074.jpg KhonsÛ* and Temple of KhonsÛ**.
075.jpg the Temple of KhonsÛ at Karnak
077.jpg the Court of The Temple Of KhonsÛ
078.jpg the Colonnade Built by ThÛtmosis III
081.jpg the Temple of Amon at Karnak
082.jpg the Two Stele-pillars at Karnak
093.jpg Zodphtahaufonkhi, Royal Son of Ramses
101.jpg the Tree Growing on The Tomb of Osiris
106.jpg One of the Most Ancient Phoenician Inscriptions
110.jpg a Phoenician God in his Egyptian Shrine
111.jpg AmenÔthes I. Seizing a Lion
112.jpg a Phoenician Mastaba at Arvad
113.jpg Two of the Tombs at Arvad
115.jpg the Kabr-hiram Near Tyre
117.jpg Egyptian Treatment of the Cow on a Phoenician Bowl
118.jpg the King and his Double on a Phoenician Bowl
128.jpg AzÂz—one of This Tumuli on the Ancient Hittite Plain
143.jpg the 1st Assyrian Empire—map
145.jpg the Volcanic Cone of KÔkab
149.jpg Ishtar As a Warrior Bringing Prisoners to A Conquering King
152.jpg a Village in the Mountain Districts of The Old AssÆan Kingdom
155.jpg the Sabre of Ramman-nirari
179.jpg Lion Transfixed by an Arrow
182.jpg Libation Poured over the Lions on The Return From The Chase
184.jpg an Assyrian War-chariot Charging the Foe
185a.jpg Harness of the Horses
188.jpg Crossing a River in Boats and on Inflated Skins
189.jpg Making a Bridge for the Passage of The Chariots
190.jpg the King's Chariot Crossing a Bridge
191.jpg the Assyrian Infantry Crossing The Mountains
193.jpg the King Crossing a Mountain in his Chariot
198.jpg the Bringing of Heads After a Battle
200.jpg the King Lets Fly Arrows at a Besieged Town
202.jpg a Town Taken by Scaling
203.jpg Tortures Inflicted on Prisoners
204.jpg a Convoy of Prisoners and Captives After The Taking of a Town
205.jpg Convoy of Prisoners Bound in Various Ways
216.jpg General View of the Ruins Of Euyuk
217.jpg the Sphinx on The Right of Euyuk
218.jpg Two Blocks Covered With Bas-reliefs in the Euyuk Palace
221.jpg the Asiatic Inscription of Kolitolu-yaÎla
222.jpg Double Scend of Offerings
223.jpg the Bas-relief of Ibriz
230.jpg Sacrifice Offered Before the Royal Stele
231.jpg Portions of the Sacrificial Victims Thrown Into The Water
233.jpg the Stele at Sebenneh-su
235.jpg Transport of Building Materials by Water
236.jpg Rare Animals Brought Back As Trophies by The King
237.jpg Monkey Brought Back As Tribute
261.jpg the Valley of The Jabbok, Near to Its Confluence With the Jordan
263.jpg One of the Mounds Of ÂÎn Es-sultÂn, The Ancient Jericho
264.jpg the Jordan in The Neighbourhood of Jericho
265.jpg One of the Wells Of Beersheba
268.jpg Map of Palestine in Time Of the Judges
288.jpg Mount Gerizim, With a View of Nablus
294.jpg a Procession of Philistine Captives At Medinet-habu
297.jpg a Philistine Ship of War
301.jpg Tell Es-safieh, the Gath of The Philistines
304.jpg the Hill of Shiloh, Seen from The North-east
324.jpg AÎd-el-ra, the Site of The Ancient Adullam
330.jpg the Hill of Bethshan, Seen from The East
354.jpg the Site of Rabbath-amon, Seen from The West
370.jpg Map of Tyre Subsequent to Hiram
371.jpg the Breakwater of The Egyptian Harbour at Tyre
372.jpg One of Solomon's Reservoirs Near Jerusalem
374.jpg Some of the Stone Course Of Solomon's Temple At Jerusalem
377.jpg an Upright of a Door at Lachish
384.jpg King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba
391.jpg the Mound and Plain of Bethel.
401.jpg the Mummies of Queen MÂkerÎ and Her Child
404.jpg the Two Niles of Tanis
410.jpg a Troop of Libyans Hunting
419.jpg Amon Presenting to Sheshonq the List of The Cities Captured in Israel and Judah
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE ASSYRIAN REVIVAL AND THE STRUGGLE FOR SYRIA
CHAPTER II—TIGLATH-PILESER III. AND THE ORGANISATION OF THE ASSYRIAN
CHAPTER III—SARGON OF ASSYRIA (722-705 B.C.)
List of Illustrations
009.jpg an Assyrian Horseman Armed With the Sword
010.jpg a Mounted Assyrian Archer With Attendant
012.jpg the Movable Sow Making a Breach in The Wall of A Fortress
013.jpg the Turreted Battering-ram Attacking The Walls Of A Town
014.jpg the Besieged Endeavouring to Cripple Or Destroy The Battering-ram
017.jpg the Escarpments of The Zab
021.jpg the Campaigns of Assur-nazir-pal in Nairi
022.jpg the Site of Shadikanni at Arban, on The Khabur
024.jpg One of the Winged Bulls Found at Arban
024b.jpg No. 1. Enameled Brick (nimrod). No. 2. Fragment Of Mural Painting (nimrod).
033.jpg the Campaigns of Assur-nazir-pal in Zamua
037.jpg the Zab Below The Passes of Alan, The Ancient Ilaniu
044.jpg the Campaigns of Assur-nazir-pal in Mesopotamia
050.jpg Campaigns of Assur-nazir-pal in Syria
052.jpg Bas-relief from a Building at Sinjirli
053.jpg JibrÎn, a Village of Conical Huts, on the Plateau Of Aleppo
054.jpg the War-chariot of The KhÂti Op The Ninth Century
055.jpg the Assyrian War-chariot of The Ninth Century B.c.
056.jpg a King of the KhÂti Hunting A Lion in His Chariot
058.jpg Religious Scene Displaying Egyptian Features
068.jpg Stele of Assur-nazir-pal at Calah
070.jpg the Winged Bulls Op Assur-nazir-pal
071.jpg Glazed Tile from Palace of Calah
072.jpg Lion from Assur-nazir-pal's Palace
074.jpg a Corner of the Ruined Palace Of Assur-nazir-pal
079.jpg the Two Peaks of Mount Ararat
080.jpg End of the Harvest—cutting Straw
083.jpg Fragment of a Votive Shield Of Urartian Work
084.jpg Site of an Urartian Town at Toprah-kaleh
085.jpg the Ruins of a Palace Of Urartu at Toprah-kaleh
086.jpg Temple of Khaldis at Muzazir
089.jpg Assyrian Soldiers Carrying off Or Destroying The Furniture of an Urartian Temple
090.jpg Shalmanesee Iii. Crossing the Mountains
093.jpg the People of Shugunia Fighting Against The Assyrians
094.jpg Prisoners from Shugunia, With Their Arms Tied And Yokes on Their Necks
094b.jpg Sacrifice Offered by Shalmaneser Iii.
095.jpg Costumes Found in the Fifth Tomb
100.jpg Shua, King of Gilzan, Bringing a War-horse Fully Caparisoned to Shalmaneser
101.jpg Dromedaries from Gilzan
105.jpg Tribute from Garparuda, King of the Patina
123.jpg the Moabite Stone of Stele Of Mesha
131.jpg Jehu, King of Israel, Sends Presents To Shalmaneser
137.jpg Elephant and Monkeys Brought As a Tribute To Nineveh by the People of Muzbi
142.jpg Stag and Lions of the Country Of Sukhi
144.jpg the Bronze-covered Gates of BalawÀt
156.jpg Triumphal Stele of Menuas at Kelishin
164.jpg Urartian Stele on the Rocks of Ak-keupbu
169.jpg Table of the Dynasty Of The Kings Of Assyria
180.jpg a Vista of the Asianic Steppe
188.jpg Specimens of Hebrew Pottery
189.jpg Israelites of the Higher Class in The Time Of Shalmaneser Iii
202.jpg Egyptian Altar at Deik-el-bahari
216.jpg Map of Campaigns Of Tiglath-pileser Iii. In Media
218.jpg Principal Pak of Mount Bikni (demavend)
221.jpg View of the Mountains Which Guard The Southern Border of Uartu
226a.jpg Plan of the Ancient City Of Zinjirli.
226b.jpg One of the Gates Of Zinjirli Restored
227.jpg Bird's-eye View of the Royal Castle Of Zinjirli As Restored
232.jpg Tiglath-pileser Iii. In his State Chariot
235.jpg the Rock and Citadel of Van at The Present Day
236.jpg Entrance to the Modern Citadel of Van from The Westward
241.jpg Hebrew Inscription on the Siloam Aqueduct
243.jpg the Great Temple of Bubastis Duringnaville's Excavations
244.jpg Picture in the Hall of The Harps In The Fifth Tomb
245.jpg Gate of the Festival Hall at Bubastis
248.jpg Small Bronze Sphinx of Siamun
249.jpg Ruins of the Temple at Khninsu After Naville's Excavations
252.jpg Table of Pharaohs Of the Xxiith Dynasty
253.jpg King Petubastis at Prayer
255.jpg View of a Part Of the Ruins Of Napata
256.jpg Gebel-barkal, the Sacred Mountain of Napata
257.jpg Ruins of the Temple Of Amon at Napata
258.jpg Plan of the Temple Of Amon at Napata
260a.jpg a Nearly Pure Ethiopian Type
260b.jpg Mixed Negro and Ethiopian Type
262.jpg Map of Middle Egypt During the Campaign Of Pionkhi
262.jpg Ruins of Oxyrrhynchos and the Modern Town Of Bahnesa
266.jpg King NamrÔti Leading a Horse to PiÔnkhi
267.jpg Ruins of the Temple Of Thoth, at Hermopolis The Great
276.jpg King Tafnakhti Presents a Field to Tumu and To Bastit
282.jpg Map the Kingdom of Damascus
289b.jpg List of the Kings Of Damascus
290.jpg Arab Meharis Ridden Down by the Assyrian Cavalry
292.jpg Table of This Babylonian Dynasty
298.jpg Map of the Assyrian Empire Under Tiglath-pileser Iii.
312.jpg Tiglath-pileser Iii. Besieging a Revellious City.
314.jpg a Herd of Horses Brought in As Tribute
315.jpg a Typical Cappadocian Horse
317.jpg the Foundatins of a Bît-khil.ni
318.jpg Base of a Column at Zinjireli
320.jpg Stele Or Bel-harran-beluzur.
322.jpg Manuscript on Papyrus in Hieroglyphics
323.jpg Cone Bearing the Name of Kashta and Of His Daughter Amenertas
333.jpg Table of Kings Of Israel
334.jpg Sargon of Assyria and his Vizier
343.jpg Assyrian Soldiers Pursuing Kalda Refugees in A Bed of Reeds
344.jpg a Reed-hut of the Bedawin Of Irak
346.jpg Brick Bearing the Name of The Susian King Shilkhak-inshushinak
348.jpg Bas-relief of Nakam-sin, Tkansported to Susa By Shutkuk-nakhunta
349.jpg the Great Rock Bas-relief of MalamÎr
356.jpg IaubÎdi of Hamath Being Flayed Alive.
364.jpg Taking of a Castle in Zikartu
369.jpg Taking of the City Of KishÎsim by The Assyrians
372.jpg the Town of BÎt-bagaÎa Burnt by The Assyrians
373.jpg Table of Dynasties Of Tanis and Sais
374.jpg King Bocchoris Giving Judgment Between Two Women, Rival Claimants to a Child
378.jpg Taking of a Town in Urartu by the Assyrians
379.jpg the Seal of Urzana, King Of MuzazÎr
379.jpg the Assyrians Taking a Median Town
398.jpg Plan of the Royal City Of Dur-sharrukÎn
400.jpg Part of the Enamelled Course Of a Gate
402.jpg Bird's Eye View of Sargon's Palace At Dur-sharrukîn
403.jpg One of the Gates Of The Palace at Dur-sharrukÎn
404.jpg Plan of the Excavated Portions Of The Palace At Dur-sharrukÎn
405.jpg One of the Bronze Lions from Dur-sharrukÎn
406.jpg a Hunting Expedition in the Woods Near Dur-sharrukÎn
408.jpg the Ziggurat at Dur-sharrukin
409.jpg Section of a Bedroom in the Harem
410.jpg Main Door of the Harem at Duk-sharrukÎn
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—SENNACHERIB (705-681 B.C.)
CHAPTER II—THE POWER OF ASSYRIA AT ITS ZENITH; ESARHADDON AND ASSUR-BANI-PAL
CHAPTER III—THE MEDES AND THE SECOND CHALDÆAN EMPIRE
List of Illustrations
011.jpg Clay Seal With Cartouche of Sabaco
017.jpg a Phoenician Galley With Two Banks of Oars
018.jpg Map of Kingdom Of Tyre, the Campaign Of Sennacherib
023.jpg Map of the Campaign Of Sennacherib in Judea
028.jpg the Pass of Legnia, in Lebanon
028b.jpg Esneh—principal Abyssinian Trading Village
030.jpg Sennacherib Receiving the Submissions of The Jews
042.jpg a Raid Among the Woods and Mountains.
048.jpg Map the Nar-marratum in The Time of Sennacherib
049.jpg the Fleet of Sennacherib on The Nar-marratum
052.jpg a Skirmish in the Marshes
054.jpg the Horse of Nergal-ushezÎb Falling in The Battle
063.jpg the Mounds of Nineveh Seen from The Terrace Of A House in Mosul
065.jpg King Sennacherib Watching the Transport of A Colossal Statue
066.jpg Assyrian Bas-reliefs at Bavian
069.jpg Great Assyrian Stele at BaviaÎt.
073.jpg an Assyrian Cavalry Raid Through the Woods
074.jpg (and 75) Transport of a Winged Bull on A Sledge.
088.jpg View of HamadÂn and Mount Elvend in Winter
090.jpg Asia Minor in the 7th Century
095.jpg Monument Commemorative of Midas
097.jpg the Mother-goddess Between Lions
098.jpg the Mother-goddess and Atys
099.jpg the God Men Associated With The Sun and Other Deities
104.jpg the Steep Banks of The Halys Failed to Arrest Them
105.jpg View Ovek the Plain of Sardes
106.jpg the Axe Borne by Zeus Labraundos
110.jpg a Conflict With Two Griffins.
111.jpg Scythians Armed for War
115.jpg Inhabited Caves on the Banks of The Halys
131.jpg the Town of Kharkhar With Its Triple Rampart
137.jpg Shabitoku, King of Egypt
139.jpg Taharqa and his Queen DikahÎtamanu
142.jpg the Column of Taharqa, at Karnak
143.jpg the Hemispeos Op HÂthor and BÎsÛ, At Gebel-barkal
144.jpg Entrance to the Hemispeos of BÎsÛ (bes), At Gebel-barkal
156.jpg Southern Promontory at the Mouth of The Nahr-el-kelb
157.jpg Stele of Esarhaddon at the Nahr-el-kelb
161.jpg Assyrian Sphinx in Egyptian Style Supporting The Base of a Column
168.jpg Assur-banipal As a Bearer of Offerings
169.jpg Sihamash-shumukin As a Bearer of Offerings
174.jpg MontumihÂÎt, Prince of Thebes
190.jpg Mural Decorations from the Grottoes
191.jpg King Tanuatamanu in Adoration Before the Gods Of Thebes
195.jpg Assyrian Helmet Found at Thebes
198.jpg a Lion Issuing from Its Cage
206.jpg Ituni Breaks his Bow With a Blow of His Sword, And Gives Himself up to the Executioner
209.jpg Urtaku Cousin of TiummÂn, Surrendering to An Assyrian
210.jpg the Last Arrow of TiummÂn and his Son
211.jpg Death of TiummÂn and his Son
212.jpg Khumb.n-igash Proclaimed King
215.jpg the Head of Thumman Sent to Nineveh
216.jpg Assur-bani-pal Banqueting With his Queen
217.jpg Two Elamite Chiefs Flayed Alive After the Battle Of TullÎz
228.jpg the Eastern World in The Reign of Assur-bani-pal
240.jpg Battle of the Cimmerians Against The Greeks Accompanied by Their Dogs
251.jpg Statues of the Gods Carried off by Assyrian Soldiery
260.jpg Prayer in the Desert After Painting by Gerome
268.jpg and 269.jpg Table of Median Dynasty
274.jpg Map of the Lands Created by Ahura-mazda
269.jpg NisÆan Houses Harnessed to a Royal Chariot
282.jpg Scene in the Mountains of Persia.
285.jpg Head of a Persian Archer
290.jpg a Herd of Wild Goats—a Bas-relief Of the Time Of Assur-bani-pal
290b Illustrated Manuscript in Heiroglyphics
294.jpg Remains of Assur-bani-pal's Wall at Nippur
297.jpg Medic and Persian Foot-soldiers
302.jpg Part of the Fosse at Nineveh
308.jpg Scythians Tending Their Wounded
311.jpg Iranian Soldier Fighting Against the Scythians
330. Map of the Eastern World in The Time Of Nebuchadnezzar
335.jpg Three Hoplites in Action
338.jpg Statue of a Theban Queen
347.jpg the Saite Fortress of Daphne
355.jpg Chamber and Sarcophagus of an Apis
356.jpg the Great Gallery of The Serapeum
358.jpg Chieck Beled—Gizeh Museum
359.jpg Memphite Bas-relief of the Saite Epoch
364.jpg Decorations on the Wrappings of a Mummy.
390.jpga View in the Mountains of The Messogis
396b.jpg the Entrance to The Sanctuary of Pteria
398.jpg One of the Processions in The Ravine Of Pteria
404.jpg an Egyptian Vessel of the Saite Period
405.jpg the Ancient Head of The Red Sea, Now The Northern Extremity of the Bitter Lakes
417.jpg the Façade of The Great Temple Of Abu-simbel
422.jpg Apries, from a Sphinx in the Louvre
423.jpg Stele of Nebuchadrezzar
427.jpg Prisoners Under Torture Having Their Tongues Torn Out
428.jpg a King Putting out the Eyes of A Prisoner
430b.jpg a People Carried Away Into Captivity
430.jpg Table of the Kings Of Judah
436.jpg Bronze Lion of Bohbait
437.jpg the Small Obelisk in The Piazza Della Minerva At Home
440.jpg the Oasis of Amok and The Spring Of The Sun
440b.jpg Portion of the Ruins Of Cyrene
443.jpg Map of Lybia in the Vith Century B.c.
444.jpg Weighing Silphium in Presence of King Arkesilas
456.jpg City Defended by a Triple Wall
457.jpg Probable Section of the Triple Wall Of Babylon
458.jpg Fragment of a Babylonian Bas-relief
459.jpg Ruins of the ZiggurÂt Of The Temple Of Bel
460.jpg the Stone Lion of Babylon
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE IRANIAN CONQUEST
CHAPTER II—THE LAST DAYS OF THE OLD EASTERN WORLD
List of Illustrations
012.jpg the Ahura-mazd of The Bas-reliefs Of Persepolis
012b.jpg Hypostyle of Hall Of Xerxes: Detail Of Entablature
013.jpg an Iranian Genius in Form of a Winged Bull
014.jpg Ahura-mazd Bestowing the Tokens of Royalty on An Iranian King
022.jpg One of the Bad Genii, Subject to AngrÔ-mainyus
023.jpg the King Struggling Against an Evil Genius
031.jpg the Two Iranian Altakrat Nakhsh-Î-rustem
032.jpg the Two Iranian Altars of Murgab
032b.jpg the Occupations of Ani in The Elysian Fields
033.jpg the Sacred Fire Burning on The Altar
039.jpg a Royal Hunting-party in Hun
042.jpg Remains of the Palace Of Ecbatana
050.jpg the Tumulus of Alyattes and The Entrance to The Passage
051.jpg One of the Lydian Ornaments in The Louvre
052.jpg Mould for Jewellery of Lydian Origin
054a.jpg Lydian Coin Bearing a Running Fox
054b.jpg Lydian Coin With a Hare
055.jpg Lydian Coins With a Lion and Lion's Head
056a.jpg Coin Bearing Head of Mouflon Goat
059.jpg View of the Site and Ruins Of Ephesus
078.jpg a Persian King Fighting With Greeks
080.jpg the Present Site of Miletus
083.jpg a Lycian City Upon Its Inaccessible Rock
105.jpg Table of the Last Kings Of Ptolemy
111.jpg an Osiris Stretched Full Length on the Ground
113.jpg Amasis in Adoration Before the Bull Apis
114.jpg the Naos of Amasis at Thmuis
120.jpg the Present Site of Naucratis
145.jpg the Naophoros Statuette of The Vatican
148.jpg Encampment de Bacharis
159.jpg Darius, Son of Hystaspes
166.jpg Darius Piercing a Rebel With his Lance Before A Group of Four Prisoners
174.jpg Rebels Brought to Darius by Ahura-mazd This Is The Scene Depicted on the Rock of Behistun.
181.jpg Map of the Archaemenian Strapies
186.jpg Street Vender of Curios After the Painting By Gerome.
188.jpg Daric of Darius, Son Of Hystaspes
212a.jpg Alexander I. Of Macedon
215.jpg the Battle-field of Marathon
219.jpg Darius on the Stele of The Isthmus
220.jpg Walls of the Fortress Of Ditsh-el-qalÂa
221.jpg the Great Temple of Darius at HabÎt
239.jpg the Battle-field of Plataea
258.jpg View of the Achaemenian Ruins Of Istakhr
261.jpg the Hill of The Royal Achaemenian Tombs At Nakush-i-rustem
262.jpg One of the Capitals from Susa
262b.jpg Freize of Archers at Suza
263.jpg General Ruins of Persipolis
267.jpg the Propylaea of Xerxes I. At Persepolis
268.jpg Bas-relief of the Staircase Leading to The Apadana of Xerxes
269.jpg the King on his Throne
270.jpg a View of the Apadana Of Susa, Restored
273.jpg Processional Display of Tribute Brought to The King of Persia
305.jpg Evagoras II. Of Salamis
312.jpg Table of the Last Egyptian Dynasties
313.jpg Small Temple of Nectanebo, at the Southern Extremity of Philae
314.jpg Naos of Nectanebo in the Temple at Edfu
315.jpg Great Gate of Nectanebo at Karnak
316.jpg Fragment of a Naos Of the Time Of Nectanebo II. In the Bologna Museum
317.jpg One of the Lions in The Vatican
321.jpg Map of the Persian Empire
325.jpg Coins of the Satraps With Aramaean Inscriptions
327a.jpg Coin of a Lycian King
328.jpg Lycian Sarcophagus Decorated With Greek Carvings
337.jpg Chaldean Seal With Aramaic Inscription
346.jpg Fountain and School of the Mother Of Little Mohamad
348.jpg Modern Mohammedan Shekhs Tombs
349.jpg Part of the Inundation in a Palm Grove
350.jpg Ephemeral Hovels of Clay Or Dried Bricks
359.jpg the Step Pyramid Seen from The Grove Op Palm Trees to the North of Saqqarah
362a.jpg Long Strings of Laden Vessels
362b.jpg the Vast Sheet of Water in The Midday Heat
363.jpg the Mountains Honeycombed With Tombs And Quarries
368.jpg an Elephant Armed for War
376.jpg the Battlefield of Issus
377.jpg a Bas-relief on A Sidonian Sarcophagus
379.jpg the Isthmus of Tyre at The Present Day
382.jpg the Battle of Arbela, from The Mosaic Of Herculanum
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—EGYPT CONQUERED BY THE GREEKS
CHAPTER II—EGYPT UNDER PTOLEMY SOTER
CHAPTER III.—PTOLEMY PHILADELPHUS. B.C. 284-246
CHAPTER IV—PTOLEMY EUERGETES, PTOLEMY PHILOPATOR, AND PTOLEMY
CHAPTER V—PTOLEMY PHILOMETOR AND PTOLEMY EUERGETES II.
CHAPTER VI—THE GROWTH OF ROMAN INFLUENCE IN EGYPT
CHAPTER VII—CLEOPATRA AND HER BROTHERS
List of Illustrations
019.jpg Transporting Grain on the Nile
021.jpg Phtah the God of Memphis
027.jpg Lighthouse at Alexandria
040.jpg a Silhouette on the Nile
044.jpg Crocodiles Basking in the Sun
052.jpg Tombs of the Sacred Bulls
056.jpb Manuscript on Papyrus; Hieroglyphics, Thebes
057.jpg Alexander Adoring Horus
062.jpg on the Coast of The Red Sea
081.jpg Alexandrian Lady, Attired in Bombyx Silk
083.jpg Coin of Soter, With Jupiter
092.jpg the Chariot of Antiphilus
102.jpg Pharos in Old Alexandria
106.jpg Bronze Cosmetic Holder
112.jpg Rosetta Branch of the Nile
118.jpg Anubis, God of the Lower World
120.jpg at the Head of The Red Sea
123.jpg the Cararact on The Aswan
128.jpg an Athlete Disporting on a Crocodile
131.jpg Modern Sphinx-like Face
137.jpg Method of Egyptian Draftsmanship
141.jpg Coin With the Heads of Soter and Philadelphus And Arsinoë
142.jpg Coin With the Heads of Soter, Philadelphus And Berenice
143.jpg Coin of ArsinoË, Sister Of Ptolemy II.
160b.jpg Signs, Arms and Instruments from the Fifth Tomb
169.jpg Gateway of Ptolemy Euergetes at Karnak
176.jpg Coin of Berenice, Wife Of Ptolemy III.
188jpg Coin of Ptolemy Philopater
189.jpg Coin of Arsinoe Philopate
196.jpg Roman Coin, Issued Under Ptolemy V.
201.jpg the Rosetta Stone (british Museum)
210.jpg a Desert Road Between Egypt and Syria.
223.jpg Garden Near Heliopolis
227.jpg Temple of Apollonopolis
234.jpg the Apotheosis of Homer
235.jpg Hero's Rotating Steam Engine
241.jpg Temple of Hathor at Philae
268.jpg Temple Portico at Contra-latopoli
274.jpg Coin of Cleopatra and Alexander
275.jpg Coin of Cleopatra and Alexander, With Eagles
276.jpg the Memnonium at Thebes
280.jpg Coin of Ptolemy Lathyrus and Selene.
287.jpg Horus on the Crocodiles. Bulak Museum.
289.jpg Religious Procession on the Nile
291.jpg Egyptian Funeral Ceremonies
293.jpg Mummy, Mummy-cases, and Casket
295.jpg Development of Egyptian Caricature
309.jpg Vocal Statue of Memnon
314b.jpg Bearers of Evil Tidings
317.jpg Pillar of Pompey at Alexandria
338.jpg Egyptian Picture of Cleopatra
346.jpg Coin of Cleopatra and Anthony
347.jpg Later Coin of Cleopatra and Antony.
351.jpg Greek Picture of Cleopatra
357.jpg Grand Column at Karnak
364.jpg Graeco-egyptian Column
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—EGYPT UNDER THE ROMAN EMPIRE
CHAPTER II.—THE CHRISTIAN PERIOD IN EGYPT
CHAPTER III.—EGYPT DURING THE MUHAMMEDAN PERIOD
List of Illustrations
011.jpg the Nilometer at Elephantine
016.jpg on the Edge of The Desert
022b.jpg Fragments in Wood Painted
024.jpg Temple at Tentyra, Enlarged by Roman Architects
027.jpg on the Banks of The Nile.
029.jpg Bedouin Tent in the Desert
041.jpg Egyptian Threshing-machine
056.jpg Egyptian Threshing Machine
078b.jpg Scene in a Sepuuchral Chamber
083.jpg Trinity of Isis, Horus and Nephthys
086.jpg Egyptian Wig (british Museum)
089.jpg Antoninian Temple Near Sinai
095.jpg Commemorative Coin of Antinous
099.jpg Vocal Statue of Amenhothes
106.jpg Koptic Charm and Scarabeus
108.jpg Gems Showing Symbol of Death and the Word [Îah Javeh
109.jpg Hadrian's Egyptian Coins
112.jpg Coins of Antoninus Pius.
117.jpg Coins of Marcus Aurelius
120.jpg Alexandrian Forms of Writing
135.jpg Hieroglyphic, Hieratic, and Demotic Writing
139b.jpg Painting at the Entrance of The Fifth Tomb
164.jpg Street Vendors in Metal Ware
165.jpg Coin of Domitianus With Latin Inscription
169.jpg Coin of Trajan's Second Legion
184.jpg Dome Palm of Upper Egypt
213.jpg Temple of Abu Simbel in Nubia
225.jpg a Young Egyptian Wearing the Royal Lock
231.jpg an Egyptian Water-carrier
237.jpg Remains of a Christian Church in the Temple Of Luxor
243.jpg Temple Courtyard, Medinet Abu
248.jpg Christian Picture at Abu Simbe
250.jpg Manfaloot, Showing the Height of The Nile In Summer
257.jpg Quarries at Toorah on the Nile
258b.jpg Street and Mosque of Mahdjiar
264.jpg Ramses Ii. And St. Peter
271.jpg Arabs Resting in the Desert
285.jpg Street Sprinkler at Alexandria
291.jpg Illustrations from Copy of Dioscoride
302.jpg Fortress Near Mount Sinai
313.jpg a Modern House in the Delta at Rosetta
339.jpg Citadel of Cairo (fostat).
341.jpg a Crocodile Used As A Talisman
347.jpg Door of an Arabian House.
356.jpg the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, Cairo.
359.jpg Sanctuary of the Mosque Of Ibn Tulun
361.jpg the Mosque of Ibn Tulun
371.jpg Mosque Tomb Near Syene
383.jpg Mustanssir's Gate at Cairo
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—THE CRUSADERS IN EGYPT
CHAPTER II.—THE FRENCH IN EGYPT
CHAPTER III.—THE RULE OF MEHEMET ALI
CHAPTER IV—THE BRITISH INFLUENCE IN EGYPT
CHAPTER V.—THE WATER WAYS OF EGYPT
CHAPTER VI—THE DECIPHERMENT OF THE HIEROGLYPHS
CHAPTER VII—THE DEVELOPMENT OF EGYPTOLOGY
CHAPTER VIII.—IMPORTANT RESEARCHES IN EGYPT
List of Illustrations
Frontispiece Collection of Vases
007.jpg Arabic Decorative Painting
013.jpg Enamelled Glass Cup from Arabia
015.jpg Gate of El Futuh at Cairo
025.jpg Vase in the Abbott Collection, New York
027.jpg Public Fountain, Cairo.
038.jpg Court in the Moristan of The Kilawun
043.jpg Window in the Mausoleum of Kilawun
049.jpg Interior of the Mosque, Kilawun
055.jpg Frieze in Mosque of Sultan Hasan
059.jpg Inside the Mosque of Hassan
067.jpg a Title-page of the Koran Of The Time Of Shaban
069.jpg Prayer-niche in the Mosque of The Sultan Mahmudi
071.jpg Ornamental Page from a Koran of the Fourteenth Century
073.jpg Mosque of Kait Bey, Cairo
076.jpg Wadi Feiran, in the Sinai Peninsula
116b.jpg Cairo—Eskibieh Quarter
119.jpg Cairo from the Left Bank of The Nile
124.jpg Statue of General Kleber at Strasburg
161.jpg a Distinguished Egyptian Jew
165.jpg Mosque of Muad at Cairo
169.jpg a Muhammedan Praying Priest
187.jpg Arabs at a Desert Spring
190.jpg Part of
Cairo, Showing the
Mulqufs on The Houses Of Modern Egypt
201.jpg Palace Op the Khedive at Alexandria
207.jpg Mosque of the Ibriham at Desuk
210.jpg Lord Kitchener of Khartum
218.jpg Slave Boats on the Nile
223.jpg Viscount Cromer (sir Evelyn Baring)
232.jpg Mosque of El Ghuri at Cairo
245.jpg Scale of the Nilometer
251.jpg Hieroglyphic Record of an Ancient Canal
263.jpg the Opening of The Suez Canal
277.jpg the Main Stream of The Nile
283.jpg the Ferry at Old Cairo
291.jpg Examples of Phoenecian Porcelain
296.jpg Jean Francois Champollion
309.jpg Table of Comparative Symbols
321.jpg the Great Hall of Abydos
324.jpg Types
of Egyptian Columns: 1, 2, 3, Geometric;
6-11, Botanical; 4, 5, 12,
Hathoric.
347.jpg the Lotus Flower Nymphaea Lotus
361.jpg Plan of the Royal Tombs As Abydos
362.jpg Table of Ancient Rulers *
363a.jpg Table of Chronology Of Early Kings
364.jpg Enlarged Plan of First Dynasty Tombs
366.jpg Ebony Tablet of King Aha-mena
368.jpg Tomb of Zer, 4700 B.c.
372.jpg Tomb of Zet, Circa 4700 B.c.
377.jpg Plans of the Tombs Of Den-setui and Others
379.jpg Tablet of Den-setui, 4600 B.c.
380.jpg Architectural Drawing, B.c. 4600.
381.jpg Ivory Panel of Den-setui, 4600 B.c.
382.jpg Stairway in the Tomb Azab
384.jpg Tomb of Mersekha, Showing Wooden Floor
385.jpg Plan of Tomb Of Qa, Circa 4500 B.c.
389.jpg Stone Chamber of Khasekhemui
391.jpg Gold-capped Vases and Gold Bracelets
393.jpg General Plan of Buildings at Abydos
395.jpg Ivory Statuette of First Dynasty King
398.jpg Ivory Statuette of Khufvi.
400.jpg Ancient Egyptian Arrows
401.jpg Miscellaneous Copper Objects
402a.jpg Ivory Comb, B. C. 4800
402b.jpg Corn-grinder and Three-sided Bowl
403.jpg Types of Prehistoric and First Dynasty Pottery
404b.jpg Pottery Forms from Abydos
405.jpg Three Types of Sealings
406.jpg a Sealing Showing Jars
407.jpg Accounts on Pottery, B.C. 4600
408.jpg Unique Instance of a Dissected Burial
Contents </p
CHAPTER I—THE DISCOVERY OF PREHISTORIC EGYPT
CHAPTER II—ABYDOS AND THE FIRST THREE DYNASTIES
CHAPTER III—MEMPHIS AND THE PYRAMIDS
CHAPTER IV—RECENT EXCAVATIONS IN WESTERN ASIA AND THE DAWN OF CHALDÆAN HISTORY
CHAPTER V—ELAM AND BABYLON, THE COUNTRY OF THE SEA AND THE KASSITES
CHAPTER VI—EARLY BABYLONIAN LIFE AND CUSTOMS
CHAPTER VII—TEMPLES AND TOMBS OF THEBES
CHAPTER VIII—THE ASSYRIAN AND NEO-BABYLONIAN EMPIRES IN THE LIGHT OF
CHAPTER IX—THE LAST DAYS OF ANCIENT EGYPT
List of Illustrations
007.jpg the Bed of an Ancient Watercourse in The Wadiyên, Thebes.
009.jpg (right): Palaeolithic Implements. From Man, March, 1905.
017.jpg (right) Buff Ware Vase, Predynastic Period, Before 4000 B.c.
027.jpg Camp of the Expedition Of The University Of California at Nag' Ed-dêr, 1901.
038.jpg Portion of the "Stele Of Vultures" Found At Telloh
050.jpg (left) Obverse of a Slate Relief.
052.jpg Obverse of a Slate Relief.
053.jpg Reverse of a Slate Relief, Representing Animals.
060.jpg Prof. Petrie's Camp at Abydos, 1901.
065.jpg (right) the Tomb of King Den at Abydos. About 4000 B.c.
067.jpg Conical Vase-stoppers. From Abydos. 1st Dynasty: About 4000 B.c.
082.jpg the Tomb of King Tjeser at Bêt KhallÂf. About 3700 B.C.
086.jpg False Door of the Tomb Of Teta, About 3600 B.C.
089.jpg the Shunet Ez-zebib: The Fortress-town, About 3900 B.C.
100.jpg Statue No. 1 of the Cairo Museum, About 3900 B.c.
109.jpg Exterior of the Southern Brick Pyramid Of Dashur
111.jpg the Pyramids of Giza During The Inundation.
147.jpg List of Archaic Cuneiform Signs.
150.jpg Fragment of a List Of Archaic Cuneiform Signs.
154.jpg Obelisk of Manishtusu.
160a-text.jpg Text for "Stele of Victory"
161.jpg Roughly Hewn Sculpture of a Lion Standing over A Fallen Man, Found at Babylon.
163.jpg General View of the Excavations on The Kasr At Babylon.
165.jpg Within the Palace of Nebuchadnezzar II.
166.jpg Excavations in the Temple Op Ninib at Babylon.
167.jpg the Principal Mound of Birs Nimrud, Which Marks The Site of the Ancient City Op Borsippa.
172.jpg Clay Memorial-tablet of Eannadu.
192.jpg Tablet Inscribed in Sumerian With Details of A Survey of Certain Property.
230.jpg Clay Tablet, Found at Susa, Bearing An Inscription in the Early Proto-elamite Character.
233.jpg Block of Limestone, Found at Susa, Bearing Inscriptions of Karibu-sha-shushinak.
240.jpg Brick Stamped With an Inscription Of Kudur-maburg
245.jpg Semitic Babylonian Contract-tablet
256.jpg a Kudurru Or "boundary-stone."
260.jpg Kuottrru, Or "boundary-stone."
264a.jpg Upper Part of the Stele Of Hammurabi, King Of Babylon.
280.jpg Clay Contract Tablet and Its Outer Case
282.jpg a Track in the Desert.
283.jpg a Camping-ground in the Desert, Between Birejik And Urfa.
284.jpg Approach to the City of Samarra, Situated on The Left Bank of the Tigris.
285.jpg a Small Caravan in the Mountains of Kurdistan.
287.jpg the Village of Nebi Yunus.
288.jpg Portrait-sculpture of Hammurabi, King Of Babylon
293.jpg a Modern Machine for Irrigation on The Euphrates.
297.jpg Kaiks, Or Native Boats on the Euphrates At Birejie.
298.jpg the Modern Bridge of Boats Across The Tigris Opposite Mosul.
299.jpg a Small Kelek, or Raft, Upon the Tigris At Baghdad.
324.jpg XIth Dynasty Wall: Dêr El-bahari.
325.jpg XVIIIth Dynasty Wall, Dbr El-bahari.
326.jpg Excavation of the North Lower Colonnade Of The XIth Dynasty Temple, Der El-bahari, 1904.
327.jpg Granite Threshold and Octagonal Sandstone Pillars
328.jpg Excavation of the Tomb Of a Priestess,
330.jpg Cases of Antiquities Leaving Dêr El-bahari For Transport to Cairo.
338.jpg Statue of Queen Teta-shera
346.jpg the Upper Court and Trilithon Gate
350.jpg the Tomb-mountain of Amenhetef III, in The Western Valley, Thebes.
356.jpg the Tomb-hill of Shekh 'abd El-kubna, Thebes.
358.jpg Wall-painting from a Tomb
360.jpg Fresco in the Tomb of Senmut at Thebes. About 1500 B.C.
368.jpg Page Image to Display Greek Words
369.jpg Page Image to Display Greek Words
372.jpg the Valley of The Tombs Of The Queens at Thebes.
374.jpg the Nile-bank at Luxor
376.jpg the Great Temple Of Kaknak.
379.jpg the Great Temple Of Kaknak.
381.jpg Portrait-group of a Great Noble and his Wife
382.jpg a Tomb Fitted up As an Explorer's Residence.
396.jpg Stone Object Bearing a Votive Inscription Of Arik-den-ilu.
397.jpg Entrance Into One of the Galleries Or Tunnels Cut Into the Principal Mound at Sherghat.
408.jpg Stone Tablet. Bearing an Inscription Of Tukulti-ninib I
410.jpg the Ziggurat, Or Temple Tower, of The Assyrian City of Calah.
413.jpg Work in Progress on One of the Rock-inscriptions Of Sennacherib
414.jpg the Principal Rock Sculptures in The Gorge of The Gomel
415.jpg the Rock and Citadel of Van.
417.jpg Ancient Flight of Steps and Gallery on the Face Of the Rock-citadel of Van.
419.jpg Part of the Ancient Fortifications Of The City Of Van, Between the Citadel and The Lake.
425.jpg Within the Shrine Of E-makh, The Temple Of The Goddess Nin-makh.
426.jpg Trench in the Babylonian Plain
447.jpg the Great Dam of Aswan
449.jpg the Kiosk at Philae in Process of Underpinning And Restoration, January, 1902.
450.jpg the Ancient Quay Of PhilÆ, November, 1904.
454.jpg the Isle of Konosso, With Its Inscriptions
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