The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Fall of Prince Florestan of Monaco, by Charles Wentworth Dilke This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Fall of Prince Florestan of Monaco Author: Charles Wentworth Dilke Release Date: July 14, 2012 [eBook #40226] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FALL OF PRINCE FLORESTAN OF MONACO***
This ebook was transcribed by Les Bowler.
BY HIMSELF.
London:
MACMILLAN AND CO.
1874.
[The Right of Translation and Reproduction is reserved.]
I am Prince Florestan of Wurtemberg, born in 1850, and consequently now of the mature age of twenty-four. I might call myself “Florestan II.” but I think it better taste for a dethroned prince, especially when he happens to be a republican, to resume the name that is in reality his own.
Although the events which I am about to relate occurred this winter, so little is known in England of the affairs of the Ex-principality of p. 2Monaco, now forming the French commune of that name, that I feel that the details of my story, indeed all but the bare facts on which it is grounded, will be news to English readers. The English Post Office believes that Monaco forms part of Italy, and the general election extinguished the telegrams that arrived from France in February last.
All who follow continental politics are aware that the Prince Charles Honoré, known as Charles III. of Monaco, and also called on account of his infirmity “the blind prince,” was the ruling potentate of Monaco during the last gambling season; that there lived with him his mother, the dowager princess; that he was a widower with one son, Prince Albert, Duc de Valentinois, heir apparent to the throne; that the latter had by his marriage with the Princess Marie of Hamilton, sister to the Duke of Hamilton, one p. 3son who in 1873 was six years old; that all the family lived on M. Blanc the lessee of the gambling tables. But Monaco is shut off from the rest of the world except in the winter months, and few have heard of the calamities which since the end of January have rained upon the ruling family. My cousin, Prince Albert, the “Sailor Prince,” a good fellow of my own age, with no fault but his rash love of uselessly braving the perils of the ocean, had often been warned of the fate that would one day befall him. Once when a boy he had put to sea in his boat when a fearful storm was raging, had been upset just off the point at Monaco, and had been saved only by the gallantry of a sailor of the port who had risked his own life in keeping his sovereign’s son afloat. In October 1873 my unfortunate cousin bought at Plymouth an p. 4English sailing yacht of 450 tons. He had a sailor’s contempt for steam, which he told me was only fit for lubbers, when he came up and stayed with me at Cambridge in November to see the “fours.” He explained to me then that he had got a bargain, that he had bought his yacht for one-third her value, and that he was picking up a capital crew of thirty men. He had no need to buy yachts for a third their value, for he was rich enough and to spare, having enjoyed the large fortune of his mother from the time he came of age. She was a Mérode, and vast forests in Belgium—part of Soignies for instance—belonged to him. His wife had her own fortune of four and a half million francs, bringing her in about seven thousand pounds a year, so he was able to spend all his money on himself. He did not spend it on his dress, for when he came to Cambridge and was introduced p. 5to Dr. Thompson, he neither had a dress suit to dine in at the lodge, nor a black morning coat to put on for hall, where his rough pea-jacket scandalised the “scouts.” He sailed from Plymouth in November, and reached Monaco at the end of that month. In December he made several excursions, in none of which did his father go to sea with him, but on the 26th of January, as ill luck would have it, he tempted my poor uncle to go with him for a three days’ cruise. It came on to blow hard that night, and nothing was ever heard of them again. Great was the excitement at Monaco on the 27th and 28th, but on the 29th the worst was known, as a telegram from Genoa informed the unfortunate old princess—who has all her faculties at the age of eighty-six—that her son and grandson were both numbered with the dead, for one of the boats of the rotten yacht had been fallen p. 6in with by a fishing vessel floating empty in mid sea.
The Conseil d’Etat was at once called together by the Governor General, and the little boy of the Princess Marie proclaimed by their order at the market-place. A proclamation was posted in the town the moment the sitting ended, declaring the joint regency of the dowager princess and of Baron Imberty. A telegram was sent to Princess Marie, who was staying with her child at Nice, informing her of her husband’s death and of the accession of her son, and begging that she would the next day confide the little Duc de Valentinois to the deputation of the councillors of state and of the officers of guards, who would reach Nice by train at noon. She was in the same despatch assured that on the death of the old dowager princess she should succeed her in the regency, p. 7but for family reasons on which I need not enlarge, she was requested not on this occasion to accompany her son.
All this I learnt by a telegram from the baron; I, as the son of the sister of the late prince, having now become most unexpectedly next heir to the throne of Monaco. I had no idea of the possibility of my ever being called upon to succeed a healthy boy of six, and gave the matter no thought but one of regret at the death of my gallant cousin Albert, who in the Prussian war had proved his courage in the French navy, while I, had I been older, should have had to have fought upon the other side, my father having been a prince of Wurtemberg.
I was thoroughly English in my ways. My father, a man of wide and liberal views, disliking “professors” as much as Mr. Disraeli does, and especially distrusting Prussian p. 8pedagogues, had sent me to Eton and to Trinity. At Eton I had lived rather with the King’s scholars than with my more natural allies, and had imbibed some views at which my poor father would have groaned. When I went up to Cambridge my friendships were in King’s rather than in Third Trinity, and my opinions were those now popular among spectacled undergraduates, namely, universal negation. I even joined First Trinity Boat Club, instead of Third, because the gentlemen of the latter were too exclusive for my princely tastes.
During my four years at Cambridge I had rowed in First Trinity Second. I had heard at the Union Mr. Seeley defend the Commune, and oppose a motion declaring it innocent because it did not go on to express the “love and affection” with which that body was regarded by the University. I had supported a young p. 9fellow of Trinity when he showed that the surplus funds of the Union Society should be applied to the erection of statues of Mazzini in all the small villages of the West of England—a motion which I believe was carried, but neutralized by the fact that the Union Society possessed no surplus funds. I had also had the inestimable advantage of attending the lectures of Professor Fawcett on the English poor laws. I had, by the way, almost forgotten the most amusing of all the Union episodes of my time, which was the rising of Mr. Dilke of Trinity Hall, Sir Charles Dilke’s brother—but a man of more real talent than his brother, although, if possible, a still more lugubrious speaker—to move that his brother’s portrait, together with that of Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice, the communist brother of a Marquis and a congenial spirit, should be suspended in the committee p. 10room to watch over the deliberations of that body, because, forsooth, they had happened to be president and vice-president of the Society at a moment when the new buildings were begun out of the subscriptions of such very different politicians as the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Devonshire, and Lord Powis. Mr. Dilke and his radicals were sometimes in a majority and sometimes in a minority at the Union, and the portraits of the republican lord and baronet went up on the wall or down under the table accordingly, Mr. Willimott, the valued custodian of the rooms, carrying out the orders of both sides with absolute impartiality.
Fired with the enthusiasm of my party and of my age, I had subscribed to the Woman’s Suffrage Association, to Mr. Bradlaugh’s election expenses, to the Anti-Game-Law Association, and to the Education League. My reading was less p. 11one-sided than my politics, and my republicanism was tempered by an unwavering worship of “Lothair.” Mr. Disraeli was my admiration as a public man—a Bismarck without his physique and his opportunities—but then in politics one always personally prefers one’s opponents to one’s friends. As a republican, I had a cordial aversion for Sir Charles Dilke, a clever writer, but an awfully dull speaker, who imagines that his forte is public speaking, and who, having been brought up in a set of strong prejudices, positively makes a merit to himself of never having got over them. This he calls “never changing his opinions.” For Mr. Gladstone I had the ordinary undergraduate detestation. There are no liberals at Cambridge. We were all rank republicans or champions of right divine.
The 31st of January was a strange day in my history. On entering my rooms in my p. 12flannels, hot from the boats, and hurrying for hall, I saw a telegram upon the table. I tore it open.
“The Governor-General, Monaco;
to
His Serene Highness Prince Florestan,Trinity College,
Cambridge.”
“His Serene Highness!” Surely a mistake! I read on.
“This morning at noon his Serene Highness the reigning prince was committed by the princess his mother to the care of M. Henri de Payan, at Nice. The princess being nervous about railway accidents, the departure for Monaco took place by road. The carriage conveying his Serene Highness and M. de Payan was drawn by four horses. Turbie was reached without mishap, but p. 13half-way between Turbie and Roquebrune, at a sharp turn in the road, the horses took fright, and the coachman, in avoiding the precipice, threw the carriage upon the rocks on the mountain side of the road. His Serene Highness was thrown on his head and killed on the spot. Your Serene Highness is now reigning prince of Monaco, and will be proclaimed to-night after the meeting of the Council of State by the style of Florestan II. Lieutenant Gasignol, of the guard, will proceed at once to England and meet your Serene Highness at any spot which your Highness may please to indicate. M. de Payan escaped without a scratch.”
Prince of Monaco! Prince of Monaco. And I had seen Lafont in Rabagas! I was not a “milk-and-water Rabagas,” as Mr. Cole called Mr. Lowe, when all the papers reported him to have said “milk-and-water Rabelais,” and the Spectator p. 14mildly wondered at the strangeness of the comparison. No, but I was somewhat of a milk-and-water Prince of Monaco after Lafont. What distinction! What carriage! If the princes of the earth were only like the princes of the stage, there would be no republicans. But then, fortunately, they are not. “Fortunately!” and I one of them. What am I saying?
Poor little fellow! How sad for his young mother too. A reigning prince for nineteen hours, and that outside of his own dominions and at the age of six. A strange world! and a strange world, for me too. A half-Protestant, half-free-thinking, republican, German, Cambridge undergraduate, suddenly called to rule despotically over a Catholic and Italian people. My succession, at least, would be undisputed. No one had ever vowed that I “should never ascend the throne—without a protest.” One of the p. 15Grimaldis had a claim which was no doubt a just one, my respected great uncle having been probably a usurper; but Marshal MacMahon and the Duc de Broglie would, I well knew, support me, preferring even a German prince at Monaco to an Italian. My succession, I repeat, was undisputed; but if anybody had taken the trouble to dispute it, I can answer for it that they would have been cheated out of their amusement, for I should willingly have resigned to their charge so burdensome a toy. I was that which the republican mayor of Birmingham, Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, in his jocular speech proposing the Prince of Wales’ health at the mayor’s banquet, said that one of his friends had been trying by argument to make the Prince—with, “as yet,” only “partial success”—a republican King. I would have gone only to Monaco to proclaim the republic had I not known that p. 16the strange despotism—presided over not as a despotism should be by one clever despot, but by two stupid despots, the Dukes of Magenta and Broglie—which is called the French republic, would not permit the creation of a small model for herself in the middle of her commune of Roquebrune.
I was not sorry to leave Cambridge. My rooms in the new court overlooked Caius, where they had typhoid fever; and between the fear of infection and the noise of the freshmen’s wines in Trinity Hall, I was beginning to have enough of Cambridge. My bedmaker and tutor were the only people to whom I bid goodbye. The men were all in hall and out at wines, and I left notes for my friends instead of looking them up in their rooms. I caught my tutor as he was going into hall. I told him of the news, and I could see the idea of an invitation for p. 17next winter to the castle at Monaco pass through his mind as he assured me that my rule would be a blessing to my country, and that nothing could better fit me for a sceptre than the training of an English gentleman. He added, with a return of the grim humour of a don, that he supposed that as a sovereign prince I need scarcely “take an exeat.” My poor old bed-maker, who had read the telegram in my absence from my room, called me “your imperial majesty” three times while she packed my shirts, but in half-an-hour I was off to London; and on the evening of the 3rd of February I met M. de Payan and Lieutenant Gasignol by appointment at the Grand Hotel at Paris.
From M. de Payan I obtained my first accurate ideas as to the State of Monaco. I found that I was not more independent under the supremacy of France than is the Emperor William p. 18independent under the domination of Prince von Bismarck. I had not only the Code Napoléon, and a Council of State dressed in exact copies of their Versailles namesakes, but French custom-house officers levying French custom-house duties in my dominions. At the beginning of our conversation I had said to M. de Payan, “Between ourselves, and fearing though I do that like Charles I. of England I may be committing high treason against myself, I feel bound to tell you that my only ideas of my principality are derived from M. Sardou’s Rabagas.”
Why is it that inhabitants of small and isolated communities never can see a joke? M. de Payan, slightly drawing himself up and speaking with as much stiffness as he could assume towards his prince, gravely answered me, “Your Serene Highness is not aware, I presume, that Rabagas was a satire directed against France p. 19in her decline, and not against your Highness’s principality.”
M. Sardou wasting his hours on satirising Monaco. I will never joke again, I said to myself, unless I should suffer the modern fate of kings and be deposed.
“M. de Payan,” I replied, “I am aware of what you say, and I was joking.”
“We have no Gambettas at Monaco, your Highness; that is all I meant.”
“Perhaps, Sir, the country would be happier if you had. Rabagas was not Gambetta, but Emile Olivier—not the man who never despaired of France, but the man who sacrificed his opinions to his advancement. I admire M. Gambetta, who is at this moment the first man in France, in my estimation, and the second political man in Europe. His figure will stand out in history, daubed as even it is with the mud that p. 20French politicians are ceaselessly flinging at each other.”
“M. Gambetta is, as your Serene Highness says, a man of extraordinary powers; but his father was a tradesman at Cahors, and is retired and lives at Nice, near your Serene Highness’s dominions.”
What more could I say? There was nothing to be made of M. de Payan.
On the 5th of February I reached Nice by the express, and after reading the telegram which announced the return of Mr. Gladstone by a discerning people as junior colleague to a gin distiller, was presented with an address by the Gambettist mayor at the desire of the legitimist préfêt. The mayor, being a red-hot republican in politics but a carriage-builder by trade, lectured me on the drawbacks of despotism in his address, but informed me in conversation p. 21afterwards that he had had the honour of building a Victoria for Prince Charles Honoré—which was next door to giving me his business card. The address, however, also assumed that the Princes of Monaco were suffered only by Providence to exist in order that the trade of Nice, the nearest large French town, might thrive.
In the evening at four we reached the station at Monaco, which was decked with the white flags of my ancestors. What a pity, was my thought, that M. de Chambord should not be aware that if he would come to stay with me at the castle he would live under the white flag to which he is so much attached all the days of his life. My reception was enthusiastic. The guards, in blue uniforms not unlike the Bavarian, but with tall shakoes instead of helmets, and similar to that which during the stoppage of the train at Nice I had rapidly put on, were p. 22drawn up in line to the number of thirty-nine—one being in hospital with a wart on his thumb, as M. de Payan told me. What an admirable centralisation that such a detail should be known to every member of the administration! Two drummers rolled their drums French fashion. In front of the line were four officers, of whom—one fat; Baron Imberty; the Vicar General; and Père Pellico of the Jesuits of the Visitation, brother as I already knew to the celebrated Italian patriot, Silvio Pellico, of dungeon and spider fame.
“Where is M. Blanc?” I cried to M. de Payan, as we stopped, seeing no one not in uniform or robes.
“M. Blanc,” said M. de Payan, severely, “though a useful subject of your Highness is neither a member of the household of your Highness, a soldier of His army, nor a p. 23functionary of His government. M. Blanc is in the crowd outside.”
Had I ventured to talk slang to M. de Payan, of whom I already stood in awe, I should have replied, “Elle est salée, celle là; puisque sans M. Blanc mon pays ne marcherait pas.” But I held my tongue.
I have seen many amusing sights in the course of my short life. I have seen an Anglican clergyman dance the cancan—I have seen Lord Claud Hamilton, the elder, address the English House of Commons—I have watched with breathless interest the gesticulations of French orators in the tribune of the Assembly, when not a word could reach my ears through the din of Babel that their colleagues made. But the oddest sight I ever saw was the bow with which Colonel Jacquemet, conscious even at the glorious moment that history would not p. 24forget his name, assured me that “the devoted army of a Gallant and a Glorious Prince would follow him to the death, when Honour led and Duty called.”
At this moment Père Pellico slipped round to my side and said, “A word with your Highness. A most unfortunate report has got abroad that your Highness is a heretic. What is to be done?”
“I very much fear I am,” I replied.
“But surely your Highness has never formally joined a Protestant body?”
“Protestant? Oh, no. I am a freethinker; a follower of Strauss rather than of Dr. Cumming.”
“How your Highness has relieved my mind! Only a freethinker—but that is nothing. I feared that possibly your Highness might have suffered a perversion to some of the many schisms.” He bowed and hurried off into the town, while p. 25taking the arm of Baron Imberty I said, “Introduce me to M. Blanc.”
“Your Highness wishes that M. Blanc should be presented to your Highness, but there are three hundred and ten or three hundred and twenty gentlemen who take precedence of M. Blanc. Nevertheless, your Highness has only to command.”
“Well, then, touch my arm as we pass him in the crowd, and I will speak to him informally.”
My ideas of etiquette would have horrified Madame von Biegeleben, the lady-in-waiting to my poor mother; still, I was improving already, as may be seen.
As we left the station building a little man in black, who when he is twenty years older will be as like M. Thiers in person as he already is in tact, in power of talk, and in the combination of a total absence of fixed opinions with a p. 26decided manner, made a low bow, accompanied with the shrewdest smile that I had seen.
“That,” I said, halting before him, “is M. Blanc. I am glad to have so early an opportunity of commencing an acquaintance, which I hope to improve.”
“Your Serene Highness does me too much honour.”
Thus I passed the man who played Haussmann to my Emperor, but who had the additional advantage which the costly baron of demolishing memory certainly did not possess, of being a magnificent source of revenue to my state.
Mounting the really fine horse that they had sent me down, and escorted by the sixteen mounted carbineers (who do police duty on foot in ordinary times at Monte Carlo and in the town), I rode off at a sharp trot by the winding road.
p. 27“Will your Serene Highness graciously please to go at a walk, for otherwise the guards will not have time to get up by the military road and to form again to receive your Highness at the Place.”
I did as I was bid, of course. Bouquets of violets were showered on me as we passed through the narrow street, and the scene on the public square in front of the castle was really fine. The sun was setting in glory over the Mediterranean in the west; on the north the Alpes Monégasques were beginning to take the deep red glow which nightly in that glorious climate they assume. On the east the palms at Monte Carlo stood out sharply against the deep still blue sky, and in the far distance the great waves of the ground swell were rolling in upon the coast towards Mentone and the Italian frontier, with thousands of bright white sea-gulls speckling the watery p. 28hills with dots of light. At the palace gate I was received by the old dowager princess. She bent and kissed my hand. I threw my arms round her neck and kissed her on both cheeks.
“That was kindly meant, Highness,” she said, “but your Serene Highness is now the reigning prince, and in the presence of the mob your dignity must be kept up.”
Passing the two great Suisses who, arrayed in gala costume, stood magnificently at the gate—but whose wages I afterwards discovered were supplemented by showing my bedroom when I was out to English tourists at a franc a head—we entered the grand courtyard, ascended the great stairs, and passed straight into the reception hall known as the Salle Grimaldi. There, standing on a dais, opposite to the magnificent fireplace and chimney-piece, with the baron at my side, I held a levee, and received the vicar-general, père de Don; the p. 29curé of the cathedral, l’abbé Ramin; the chevalier de Castellat, vice-president of the council of state; the chevalier Voliver, member of council of state, and president of the council of public education; the Marquis de Bausset-Roquefort, president of the high court of justice and member of the council of state; the treasurer-general, M. Lombard; Monsignore Theuret, the first almoner of the household; Monsignore Ciccodicola, the honorary almoner; Colonel the Vicomte de Grandsaigne, my first aide-de-camp; Major Pouget d’Aigrevaux, commandant of the palace; the two attachés of M. de Payan in his office of secretary-general, MM. Stephen Gastaldi and John Blanchi; my doctor, M. Coulon, a leading member of the council of education, and evidently a most intelligent man; the curés of the six smaller churches; the five professors of the Jesuit college of La Visitation; three aides-de-camp; the chef du cabinet; the p. 30chamberlain himself, who had introduced the others; and four officers of guards and one of carbineers, in addition to Colonel Jacquemet, whom I have already named. No conversation took place, and the presentations being over in five minutes, I got out in the garden before dark for a quiet stroll by myself before dinner.
I was struck by the scene. The tall palms, the giant tree geraniums blooming in masses down the great cliffs to the very edge of the dark blue sea, the feathery mimosas, the graceful pepper trees laden with crimson berries, the orange grove, the bananas fruiting and flowering at the same time, the passion flowers climbing against the rugged old castle walls, all were new to me—unused to the south, and brought up in Buckinghamshire, in Cambridgeshire, and in central Germany. The scene saddened me, I know not why, and I asked myself whether, with the odd p. 31combination of my opinions and my position, I could be of any use in the world except to bring Monarchy into contempt. Here was I, a freethinker, called upon to rule a people of bigoted Catholics through a Jesuit father—for I had already seen that Père Pellico was the real vice-king. Here was I, an ardent partisan of the doctrine of individuality, placed suddenly at the head of the most centralized administration in the world. What was to be done? Reform it? Yes, but no reformer has so ill a time of it as a reforming prince. Sadly I went in to a sad dinner tête-à-tête with my crape-covered great aunt in a gloomy room, and so to bed, convinced that unhappiness may co-exist with the possession of a hall porter as big as Mrs. Bischoffsheim’s.
The next morning when I dreamily called for my coffee there was brought to me along with it a gigantic envelope sealed with soft wax p. 32stamped with my arms, and containing a terrific despatch of twenty-three pages. “Rapport Hebdomadaire.” “Weekly report” of what, I asked myself. Why, I have but five thousand subjects—the same number that Octavia Hill rules in Marylebone with such success. I began to read.
“On Monday night a man named Marsan called the carbineer Fissori a fool. He was not arrested (see Order No. 1142 and correspondence 70, 10, 102), but a private report was addressed to the Council of State, on which the Secretary General decided to recommend that Marsan should be watched for a week; referred to the Sub-Committee on Public Order.”
“M. Blanc on Tuesday visited the tunnel in the commune of Turbie (France) by which he hopes to obtain an additional water supply for the Casino. As M. Blanc had not had the courtesy to inform the secretarial office of his p. 33excursion it was impossible to send an agent to obtain details of what took place.”
So on for twenty and more pages, the last informing me of the names of the fishing boats that had come in and gone out, of the time of sunrise, and of the fact that a private in my guards had caught a cold in his head.
It was unbearable. These formalities should be suppressed at once. The administration should be decentralised. I rang and sent to the secretarial office for M. de Payan. I addressed him thus:—
“I gather from this tedious document that my principality of five thousand persons possesses every appliance and every excrescence of civilized government except a parliament. The perfection of bureaucracy and of red tape has been reached in a territory one mile broad and five miles long. No doubt centralisation is less hurtful than it is elsewhere in a country so small that it is p. 34virtually all centre, but I intend that this state of things (for which you are in no way responsible) shall cease. In the first place kindly inform me of the facts. What are the expenses and what are the revenues of the state, and what is the number of its officials?”
“There are, Sir,” he answered, “including your household and the officers of your guards, one hundred and twenty-six functionaries in Monaco. There are sixty soldiers and carbineers, and there are one hundred and fifty unpaid consular and diplomatic representatives of Monaco abroad.”
“How many servants have I in all, including stable men?”
“Twenty-five.”
“Then you mean to say that there are three hundred and sixty-one persons employed under the crown for a population of thirteen hundred male inhabitants of full age?”
p. 35“Yes, Sir, and M. Blanc employs on his works and at the Casino eight hundred of the remainder.”
This was a startling state of things, but I soon found out that, as Colonel Jacquemet had used his men twice over on my arrival, so we used our politicians twice or thrice, politicians being happily scarce with us. Many posts were filled by one man, a plan which has its advantages as well as its drawbacks, the advantages predominating in a country where there are eleven hundred and sixty posts to fill and only thirteen hundred grown male inhabitants.
To give you an idea of the way in which we used our men, Baron Imberty, our Governor-General for instance, was also President of the Council of State, Chancellor of the Order of St. Charles, President of the Maritime Council, President of the Board of Public Works, President of the Bureau de Bienfaisance, etc. etc.
p. 36Thanks to M. Blanc and his gambling establishment, and thanks to the large private fortune of my family, the finances of Monaco were in a flourishing position. Prince Charles had had half a million of francs a year of private fortune and of revenue from the gambling tables. My cousin Albert had had three hundred thousand francs a year. I consequently had eight hundred thousand francs of private fortune, or £32,000 a year, out of which I could easily keep up the palace, the stables, and, if I chose, a powerful steam yacht, together with my cousin’s house in Belgium as a summer residence. The cost of the government for army, church, education, and justice, was two hundred thousand francs a year. Public works were dealt with liberally by M. Blanc as a part of his “concession.” The ordinary revenue was derived from four sources, each contributing about an equal share. These were:—
p. 37I. The payment of the Government of France for half the value of the tobacco sold in the principality on behalf of the French régie.
II. The payment of France for customs collected by France in my ports.
III. The payment by the “Paris, Lyons, Méditerranée” Railway for right of passage.
IV. Our only local tax, one on all lands and houses changing hands.
The total receipts were two hundred thousand francs, or about the same as the total expense of government.
I dismissed M. de Payan; and without telling anyone where I was going I walked up to the Casino by myself.
I was little known by sight at present in the town, as those who had seen me enter it in uniform and on horseback the day before would hardly recognize me in deep mourning p. 38and on foot. I passed unnoticed by the guards, and on reaching the Casino, hot and dusty, was stopped by one of the employés of the bank, I said, “Take me to M. Blanc.”
Under similar circumstances the Prince of Wales is introduced as “Captain White,” but then he is not a sovereign prince; and I preferred to give no name at all than to assume an alias.
I found him literally “a counting out his money.” That is to say, two clerks were counting rouleaus of gold while he at a small table was quietly playing patience with two packs of cards. At a bureau was a third clerk, an Englishman, translating into French for his benefit one of Mr. Bagehot’s leaders in the Economist.
He knew me at once, although he had seen me but for a moment and in a wholly different dress. Bowing low, and speaking not to me but p. 39to his clerks, he said, “Qu’on nous laisse.” The moment they had left the room he bowed to the ground again, and said, “Ah monseigneur, votre seigneurerie me fait trop d’honneur! J’allais écrire à monsieur le chambellan pour lui demander de vouloir bien solliciter une audience en mon nom, afin de déposer mes respectueux hommages aux pieds de votre Altesse. Elle me comble en venant chez moi incognito.”
M. Blanc, whose appearance I described before, is well known to gambling Europe as a distinguished political economist, the keeper of the greatest “hell” on earth, and the loving father of a pair of pretty and accomplished daughters, living upon roulette, but himself innocent nowadays of all games but the mildest patience—of which he knows sixty kinds. At Monaco he is more than a public character: he is a benefactor and a prince. Attacks may be made upon p. 40gambling establishments even conducted as his is, but I am disposed to agree with the Jesuit fathers of the Visitation that the Monaco roulette—forbidden to the inhabitants of Monaco and of the neighbouring parts of France—does not do much harm to anyone, although I could hardly go with Père Pellico so far as to prohibit the building of a Protestant church while he tolerates a “hell,” and even permits his students to visit the musical portion of its rooms. I had no wish in my proposed reforms to reform out of existence my roulette revenue. I wished indeed to make good use of it; better use than my predecessors had done. I wanted to make of Monaco a Munich and a Dresden all in one. I would have a gallery of the greatest modern pictures—great ancient ones are not now to be obtained—a magnificent orchestra, a theatre of the first rank; art, in short, of all kind of the highest p. 41class by which to raise the culture of my people, who, excluded from the gambling side of the Casino by a wise ordinance of my predecessor, would reap the benefit without drinking the poison of the roulette.
I found M. Blanc’s mind running upon the question of whether English families would be most attracted to Monaco by pigeon-shooting or by an English church. The church he fancied most, but owing to the opposition of Père Pellico it would have to be built upon the hill a mile off from the Casino, in the territory of France.
“I will authorise you to disregard Père Pellico’s bigotry, and to build it where you please,” I cried.
M. Blanc smiled, and said, “If your Serene Highness will excuse me, I had sooner not go against the Jesuits.”
I wasn’t king in my own country, as it p. 42appeared. Expel the Jesuits, the tempter within me suggested; but then I wasn’t Bismarck, and I hadn’t a “national liberal” party at my back.
I rapidly exposed my views to M. Blanc. I was much struck by the fact that his practical mind insisted on viewing my reforms as questions not of principles but of men.
“You have no men to back you,” he kept saying; “and if you turn out your present set and get some clever Germans you will be deposed.” He had dropped the excessive formality of speech with which he had begun. Several times he used the phrase, “Dr. Coulon is the only man you have.” Then, after thinking for a time, “What do you propose to gain by your reforms? You are rich. Your people are contented. Why trouble yourself? As for works of art, as for theatre, as for orchestra, these things are matters of money, and I will do my best to p. 43help. I am not sure that as a mere investment they will not pay, and at all events I will do my best to make them do so; but as for your reforms of army, church, and education that you talk about, I beg your Highness to leave it all alone. The shares in the bank will fall ten per cent. when it is known. My shares here are like the funds at Paris, they hate liberty. The less liberty, the higher they stand. It is just the same at Paris. Suppress a journal, and the rente rise a franc. Suppress all the journals, and they would rise five francs! Suppress the Assembly, and they would rise ten! Does your Serene Highness take part in pigeon-shooting?”
Making nothing of M. Blanc, except as to art matters, I returned slowly to the Castle, where I found the Council of State assembled to take the oaths.
I chatted with the members of the Council, p. 44but arranged to develope my plans in the first place to a few carefully-selected individuals. I fixed hours at which I would receive M. de Payan; Dr. Coulon; the curé of the cathedral; l’abbé Ramin; Père Pellico; and Colonel Jacquemet; after seeing the Governor General, Baron Imberty, and talking matters over with him. Baron Imberty I only saw because not to see him would be to pass a slight upon him; but I had no hope of help from him, and none from Colonel Jacquemet. From Père Pellico I knew that I should meet with opposition, and I received him only to see how strong and of what nature the opposition would be. I built my hopes upon M. de Payan, Dr. Coulon, and l’abbé Ramin.
To Baron Imberty I said only that I contemplated a reform in the army, a gradual liberation of the church from state control, and the p. 45re-organization of the schools. He answered that my wish was law, but that the church was very well as she stood.
To Colonel Jacquemet I explained in detail my military re-organization scheme, which was the best of my reforms. I pointed out to him that his force of forty men, now reduced to thirty-eight by the unfortunate wart and cold, was only preserved from becoming the laughing-stock of Europe by its exceptional discipline and courage. It was absolutely necessary for me to say this or he would have had a fit upon the spot. I directed that a list should be prepared of all the male inhabitants aged from sixteen to thirty, and numbering, as I calculated, about eight hundred. That of them those physically fit—some six hundred, as I should suppose—were to receive drill, and ultimately uniforms. The gallant forty men were to become sergeants, p. 46corporals, and inferior officers of the new national regiment. Captain Ruggeri and Lieutenant Gasignol were named its majors, and Lieutenants Plati and De la Rosière the senior captains. Four other captains were to be selected from among the privates and non-commissioned officers of the guard. The new levy was to be unpaid, and the only increased expense would be the uniforms and rifles, and at first the additional pay of the ten new officers. As vacancies occurred in company officers they were to be filled up by election by the company, but the majors were to be appointed by the colonel. The cost of the uniforms and arms I proposed to meet by selling for old iron our twenty magnificent, but useless pieces of old artillery. Modern artillery for the fortress I proposed to provide out of my private income, and as defence of the town was our only possible service, of field artillery I p. 47decided to have none. The night sentry duty at the palace was to be performed by the paid sergeants only, and the regiment was to parade but once a week. I could see that Colonel Jacquemet did not like it, but he bowed and left the room.
My next interview was with M. de Payan. He heartily concurred in my army reform, and said that no measure could be better for the country, educationally, than my plan of universal service of this limited character. When I came to talk of church reforms, however, M. de Payan was very cold and hard to fire. He advised me to talk the matter over with the curé, l’abbé Ramin, a most moderate man, and to beware of Father Pellico. From this negative position I could not move him.
The curé was my next visitor. He also agreed heartily in the wisdom of my army p. 48reform. He listened without dissent to my proposal for the gradual cessation of the small grant to the priests, including that to himself. On the other hand, when I spoke about the necessity of procuring lay teachers for the schools, he began to weep. I changed the subject, and when I allowed him to leave the room he said, with a singularly sweet smile, that he would go with my reforms as far as he could, that so just a man as my Highness would not harm his country, that God would watch over his church. I was touched by Abbé Ramin.
Dr. Coulon was then shown in. A man of intellect, as I could see at the first glance. I set before him my army reform, and he was delighted with it. I touched upon the separation of church and state, and he said that it was not hard to be done at Monaco—in name, p. 49that is, but difficult indeed to be done in fact. Still he supposed the name of separation was what I wanted, and the gradual cessation of the stipends, which would put Monaco in accord with the modern movement. I then referred to education.
He shook his head, and answered, “I should be your Highness’s sole supporter, and I am a materialist, and only tolerated here on account of my medical skill, and placed on the Council of Education because, as I am not in the habit of running my head against stone walls, I always side with the Jesuits.”
I insisted on the vast improvement in the standard of secular education to be expected from the introduction of highly trained lay teachers, and said that the priests should be absolutely free to teach the children out of school hours.
p. 50His reply was a singular one, and shook me.
“Your Highness is a democrat,” he said. “How then can your Highness impose your will in this matter upon a people who are unanimous? If your Highness wishes to escape individual responsibility for the existence of the present state of things, your Highness can dissolve the council of state and institute an elective parliament. That parliament would consist, let us say, of twelve members. If so, eleven would be priests or Jesuits, and the twelfth M. Blanc of the Casino—a body which would resemble in complexion some of the school boards in your Highness’s favourite England. Your Highness has a heavy task, and if that task be persevered in, I fear that the state of your Highness’s nerves will be such as to require my prescriptions.”
He was very free in his conversation, the old doctor, but it was a pleasing change after Baron p. 51Imberty and M. de Payan; not but what Abbé Ramin had much attracted me.
I did my best to charm Père Pellico. I courted him as my other subjects courted me. He was expansive in manner; but I am not a fool, and though only twenty-four, I knew enough of human nature to see that there was another Père Pellico underneath the smiling case-work which talked to me. To my military reform he had no objection, provided I exempted Jesuit students from service. I answered that I would exempt all those at present in Monaco, to which he replied that he feared then that I should never have the pleasure of seeing any others. I thought to myself “here is”—but Père Pellico smiled and slowly spoke again.
“Your Highness was thinking, I venture to imagine, that that would be an additional reason p. 52for hurrying your military reform. But I must crave the pardon of your Highness for speaking except in reply to your Highness. I have not the habit of courts.”
I spoke then of the Church; he was indifferent—the salaries of his four professors could easily be got from Italy. I then touched upon education.
Père Pellico, to my astonishment, exclaimed, “But on the contrary; my opinions are not different from those of your Highness. They are the same. But as a democrat I do not venture, although I may be wrong, to force them upon the people.”
Here was a change of base.
“If I were your Highness,” he continued, “I would dismiss the Council of State and call an elected parliament to frame a constitution. That would be a more regular method of proceeding p. 53than limiting your own prerogative by the exercise of that very prerogative itself.”
“Father,” I replied, “is not the country somewhat small for the complicated machinery of parliament?”
“Why then not try a Plebiscite, ‘yes’ or ‘no,’ upon certain written propositions, as in Zurich?”
“How liberal a politician can afford to be when he has the people with him,” I thought to myself as I bowed out Father Pellico.
For the next three weeks, until the end of February, things went smoothly with me. My great aunt bothered me so to marry a “nice steady young lady who would maintain the dignity of the Court, check the extravagance of the steward, and count the linen,” that I got Dr. Coulon to tell her that she would die unless she removed to Nice. She preferred a short remove to a long one, and took herself off to p. 54my great relief. She was a very fussy, but a clever and a really good old lady. My army reform went well enough, and the church edict was fulminated without meeting with opposition. I bought, through Mr. Gambart, who often came to Nice, a charming Leighton and a glorious Watts, and a fine Verboeckhoven from M. Blanc, as a beginning of the public collection. I moved the councils to the palace, and fitted up the public offices thus rendered vacant as my museum. I got M. Lucas at the Casino to improve his already admirable orchestra, to start a free school for instrumental music, and to play once a week in the town of Monaco instead of at Monte Carlo. I wrote to M. Gounod, whom I had the honour to count among my friends, to offer him the Louis Quinze rooms beyond the Chambre d’York, at the north-west corner of the Castle, with the most lovely view in both directions, p. 55and the prettiest decorations to my mind in all the palace, if he would come and stay with me as a permanent visitor, and countenance our musical efforts. I founded a school for modelling in clay, a class in decorative art which I taught myself, and I made the arrangements for the reception of a troop of actors in the winter, and for the production of Gounod’s “Jeanne d’Arc”—a piece which was suggested by Père Pellico. In the palace itself I made many improvements. Of the Chambre d’York I left nothing but the pretty mosaic floor, but the room itself, which had been gilt from top to bottom, bed and all, by my great-grandfather to take out the taste of the Great French Revolution, during which the palace had been a poor-house, I turned into a meeting room for the Council of State. My steam yacht had come with a temporary crew of English tars, and my two p. 56great 15-inch 60-ton Krupp guns—one for the terrace, seawards, and one for the garden, landwards—were ordered. The “reports” had been abolished; the nagging surveillance of the police had been abolished; the Church establishment had been abolished; and I then had nothing left to abolish but myself, the abolition of myself being a measure from which I shrank although, like King Leopold, I was ready to go if my subjects wished it.
The only one of my reforms which was really popular was the national army, which afforded all the young married men in the principality a weekly holiday away from their wives. But Major Gasignol, who had a “soul above buttons,” used on parade when he was acting as adjutant to take an opportunity of reminding me of the days of glory when one of my ancestors, Grimaldi II., about the time of the Norman p. 57conquest of England, had delivered at Rome the Pope from the forces of no less a personage than the Emperor.
All this time, however, my education scheme and my substitution of an elective for a nominated council were in abeyance, the first on account of Père Pellico’s opposition, the second I might almost say on account of his support.
Dr. Coulon, consulted by me, often used to say, “Why does not your Highness throw the responsibility upon a parliament of leaving matters where they are?”
“But I wish to change them,” I as often replied.
“I can understand that your Highness should wish to be thought to wish to change them, but further than that point I can not follow your Highness.”
I seriously thought of clapping Dr. Coulon p. 58into prison for his impertinence, but then he was the only liberal in Monaco, and I was a liberal prince. How I wished, though, that my uncle had not been such a fool as to invite the Jesuits, harassed in Italy in 1862, to take refuge in his dominions.
I was no further advanced than my grandfather, Florestan I., who when overtaken by the events of 1848, which lost him Mentone and Roquebrune, contemplated a parliament, which however he never formed. It was a funny constitution was that one which he posted on the walls, and over which I had often mused. It had not gone further than being posted on the walls, I should add, because my grandfather found that it would not bring back Mentone, and as he was strong enough to keep Monaco with or without it he had, very sensibly, put it in the fire. The 11th article of it was the p. 59oddest:—“La presse sera libre, mais sujette à des lois répressives.” But the first article gave the tone to the whole:—“The sole religion of the State is the Catholic, Apostolic, Roman.”
I strolled up the terraces of Monte Carlo, which always reminded me of John Martin’s idea of heaven, and consulted M. Blanc. He was in especially good humour that day, because “Madame Brisebanque” and “the Maltese” had both been losing money. Still, when I talked of my parliament and my education reform, he talked of “Jacob’s ladder” and of other infallible systems of ruining him which never had any result except that of beggaring their authors. He told me a long-winded story of how at Homburg a company called “La Contrebanque” had won twenty-four days in succession, and how on the twenty-fifth they had sent for a watchman and an iron chest to guard their winnings, how that afternoon p. 60their secretary had lost the whole capital in eighteen coups, and how the innocent watchman had marched up and down all night religiously guarding an empty chest. I tried to hark back to my subject, when off he went again at a tangent, and told me how the day before on opening the “bienfaisance” collection-box in the hall of the hotel they had found no money, but all the letters of an American gentleman who had posted them there the year before. Another of his anecdotes was of a lady who, having lost, had eaten a thousand-franc note on a slice of bread and butter to improve her luck. M. Blanc left the Casino in his carriage just after I had ridden off, and without seeming to look I saw well enough out of the corner of my eyes after he had passed me on the road, that the people uncovered to him more universally and for a longer time than to myself. There was, p. 61however, one difference between us—I returned the bows and he did not.
I gave up M. Blanc and pursued my reforming course, abandoning, however, the idea of a parliament and fearing to touch education. My government, now in working order, resembled in no way that which you English think the best of all possible polities—“constitutional monarchy”—which with you appears to me to mean a democratic republic tempered by snobbism and corruption. Mine was a socialistic autocracy, which, in spite of my failure, I maintain to be the best of governments, provided only that you can secure the best of autocrats.
I had no one to back me in what I did. Major Gasignol and some of the other officers were strongly favourable to the army reform, which gave them service and promotion. Dr. Coulon was half favourable to my views, and a p. 62quarter favourable to my ways of working them out in action. L’Abbé Ramin was conciliatory and kind. M. de Payan was grimly neutral. Every other functionary was an active, though veiled, enemy to nine-tenths of my proposals. The people were abjectly passive, and I almost wished that the auberge of the “Crapaud Volant” of Rabagas had had a real existence. At last, however, I conjured up the spirit to found a school with lay teachers, arranging to pay its cost over and above the expected fees out of my own purse. No one came to it, and the Jesuit schools and the schools of the frères de la doctrine continued to be thronged. The Catholic schools were supported by the state. Mine were supported by myself. I went a step further, and I offered Father Pellico the alternatives of stopping the state contributions to all schools, or of continuing them, provided that lay p. 63teachers only were employed during the principal hours of the day. He coldly said that an agreement of the nature proposed by me would be contrary to his duty, and that if I chose to stop the state contributions to his schools the effect of my action would be to shake my throne without harming them. He added that if he was to go to prison he was at the service of my officer of the guard. I replied that he was welcome to his opinion.
The next day the edict appeared. It was countersigned by Baron Imberty, who disapproved of it, but not by M. de Payan, who had resigned and left for Nice to consult the Bishop. As I drove through the town in the afternoon, I was coldly received by the people, and the proclamation was torn down on the following night. The weekly parade of the militia was put off for fear of a hostile demonstration; and on the p. 64day on which it would have taken place I received, instead of the muster-roll of the national regiment, a vote of thanks from the Executive Committee of the English National Education League, and notice of my unanimous election to membership of the Council of that body.
A strange event occurred in the afternoon, (it was the 11th of March), to distract my thoughts. General Garibaldi, who had been travelling incognito, and with the permission of the French Government, given conditionally on the incognito being strictly preserved, to visit his birthplace—Nice, applied to me to know whether I would receive him if he stopped at Monaco for a day on his return. I replied that I should be glad to see him, the more so as I had met his son Ricciotti at Greenwich in June 1870, at the dinner of the Cobden Club, to which orgy he and I had both been lured p. 65by the solicitations of the arch-gastronomist, the jovial Mr. T. B. Potter. I did not add that our acquaintance had been interrupted by the war in which the same clever and conceited officer had cut up my cousin’s (the King of Wurtemberg) troops at Châtillon-sur-Seine.
On the 12th the old General came, and I met him at the station and drove him to the palace. The news that he was with me soon spread through the town, and a mob collected at the palace gates. The General, to whom I had given the “bishop’s rooms,” which had once been occupied by Monseigneur Dupanloup, his arch enemy, imagined that the crowd was composed of his admirers, and, leaning upon his stick, he proceeded to harangue them from the window of the private apartments. Some hundreds of my subjects, I was afterwards informed, had listened to him languidly enough until he p. 66began to attack the Jesuits, when arose the uproar which brought me to his room, and all my household into the courtyard. I begged him to remember where he was, but the howling of the mob had excited the old lion, and the more they threatened the more violently he declaimed. When he was pulled into a chair by Major Gasignol the mischief was done, and a maddened crowd was raging on the place crying “à bas Garibaldi,” “à bas les Communistes,” “à bas le Prince.”
Colonel Jacquemet made his way to me and said, “Sir, I can count on twenty of the sergeants and corporals who are in the courtyard, ex-soldiers of your Highness’s ex-garde. They are grand old soldiers, and with the strong walls to help them will hold this canaille in check.”
He might have said, “Sir, I don’t like your p. 67ways, and have disapproved of everything that you have done, but after all you are the rightful Prince of Monaco, as well as a good fellow, saving your Highness’s presence, and I am ready to die for you.” He didn’t. He only spoke the words that I have set down.
My answer was an unhesitating one.
“I, Prince Florestan the Reformer, am not going to hold my throne by force if I can’t hold it by love; and, moreover, if I wished to do so it is doubtful whether I could succeed.”
As I spoke the crowd parted asunder, and I saw advancing through it in a wedge the English blue-jackets from my yacht, armed with cutlasses. A few stones were thrown at them, but of these they took not the smallest notice. At their head was the captain of the port, a native Monegascan, the very man who years before had saved my sailor cousin from the p. 68waves. They entered the courtyard, and I at once asked them to make their way, with General Garibaldi in the midst, back to the yacht, and steam with him to Mentone, land him, and return. At the same time I sent for Father Pellico. It was lucky the sailors had come, for I soon discovered that the carbineers had made common cause with the mob, and that the sergeants who were ready to die for me would not have escorted Garibaldi.
The mob howled dismally as he left, but he was embarked safely just before Father Pellico reached the palace gate. I told him that the General had left, and asked him whether this concession would satisfy the crowd. He asked whether I was prepared at the same time to give way about the schools. I told him that if I thought that after doing so I could continue to reign with advantage to the country and credit p. 69to myself I would willingly give way, but that if he thought that in the event of my abdication the public peace could be maintained until a vote was taken to decide the future of the country, I should prefer to return to my books and to my boat. He said that he hoped that I should stop, but that if, on the other hand, I went he thought that order would be maintained.
I bowed to him and said, “Père Pellico, you may if you please occupy the throne of the Grimaldis. I shall leave in an hour when the yacht returns.”
I went on to the balcony and attempted to address the crowd. If they would have listened to a word I said I might have turned them, but not a syllable could be heard. I could not “address my remarks to the reporters,” because owing to the wise precautions of my predecessor p. 70with regard to the press there were none. I retired amid a shower of small stones.
Colonel Jacquemet’s language was fearful to listen to. The air was thick with his curses. I was reminded of the question of a little girl friend of mine, who having been taken out one day to an inspection by the Commander-in-Chief of the garrison of Portsmouth upon Southsea common, asked on her return home if “the Duke of Cambridge wasn’t a very pious man,” explaining that she had heard him “say his prayers”—alluding doubtless to His Royal Highness’s favourite expression of “God bless my body and soul!” If he had ever read history the colonel would have known that the fire-eating d’Artagnan of “Three Musketeers” renown once commanded the fortress of Monaco for Louis the Fourteenth, under my ancestor the Marshal, and he might have been inspired by p. 71a desire to emulate his fame, but, as it was, he seemed chiefly moved by a loathing for his tattered fellow-subjects. He wanted to mow them with grape—of which we had none; he wanted to blow them into the air—but to reason with him was useless, and I was unable even to fix his attention enough to bid him farewell.
As I left the palace, surrounded by the tars and preceded and followed by the sergeants of the ex-garde, Abbé Ramin came running up and seized me by the hand.
“Your Serene Highness must not leave us,” he cried; “the people are irritated for a moment against their prince, but happier days will come.”
“I can stop if I please, Abbé Ramin,” I replied, “but only either by firing upon the people, or by blockading them and depriving p. 72the women and children of the upper town of their daily bread. I will do neither.”
“History will speak of your Highness as your Highness deserves!”
“My dear friend—for I believe you are my only friend in Monaco—I thank you for coming to bid me farewell, but don’t talk of history, for history will only declare me to have been an obstinate young fool.”
We moved off slowly down the hill amid the hisses of the crowd. The sergeants formed square upon the quay, I embraced Colonel Jacquemet and the Abbé, stepped into the gig, and in a minute was on board. Steam was up, and the next evening I landed at Marseilles.
By a telegram from the Abbé I learnt that an informal vote of the adult male inhabitants of the principality had been taken that day, and that the result was this:—
1131—Oui.
1—Non.
The Non was M. Blanc, who, being a Frenchman, ought not to have been allowed to vote at all. I heard afterwards that on learning my departure he had pronounced the following epitaph upon me:—
“Ah le jeune homme est parti. Je m’y attendais. Il aimait la liberté celui là.”
The Casino is removed to Cairo, and M. Blanc’s eldest daughter is to marry the Viceroy’s youngest son.
My tutor at Cambridge received me with a solemn face; but I laughingly exclaimed, “You see, Sir, after all I did want an exeat, even if an absit would not have done.”
The only later news that I have to record is a letter from my friend Gambetta, promising that when he becomes President of France I p. 74shall be préfêt of the Department of the Alpes Maritimes, which includes my ex-dominions, on condition that I am very moderate.
END.
There is no moral that can be drawn from my fall applicable to the present state of English politics. This may be seen indeed from the comments of the only three English papers of last Friday and Saturday that noticed it. The Morning Advertiser, which, Tory as it is, prefers Radical-Orangeism to Tory-Popery (and beer to both), classed me along with the Tichborne claimant as a victim to the Jesuits, whereas I wasn’t a victim at all; and if I had been, should have been a victim to my own obstinacy, as I certainly could have stopped at Monaco if I had pleased to do so—either by raising a popular clamour against the priests, which would p. 75have been immoral, or by accepting Père Pellico’s conditions, which would have been humiliating. The National Reformer, the organ of Mr. Bradlaugh, patted me on the back as an ill-used republican; and the Standard said that my fall showed the absolute necessity of maintaining the 25th clause of the Education Act intact, which is what I could not for the life of me see. On the contrary, so opposite are the conditions of England and of Monaco, that what would have succeeded in one would have failed in the other as a matter of course. In England you have a divided church; an increasing and active though still little numerous Catholic body; a materialistic world of fashion which goes alternately to Mr. Wilkinson and Canon Liddon, Mr. Haweis and Mr. Stopford Brooke, and does not believe a word that any of them says—unless it is Mr. Haweis, but then, doctrinally speaking, he says nothing. p. 76You have the old nonconformist bodies, able and powerful still, though less powerful than before 1868; and you have the Wesleyans, pulpy but rich. Outside of them all you have people who believe two-thirds of them in the Bible pure and simple, but with prominence given in their minds to the communistic side of the New Testament, and one-third in nothing unless it is Mr. Charles Watts, Mr. Austin Holyoake, and Mr. Bradlaugh. The most flourishing publications in your country are Zadkiel’s Almanac and Reynolds’ Newspaper, belonging to the opposite poles, but equally at war with all that is most powerful and rich and respectable in your society. What resemblance is there in this state of things, full of life but wholly wanting in unity, to that at Monaco, dead, but single in faith? At Monaco all that believed—and most believed—were earnest Catholics, wielded p. 77for political purposes by one man. Had my parliamentary scheme been carried out the cumulative vote would have been inoperative, and Mr. Hare had he been there would have hanged himself from the castle flag-staff, for there was no minority. As in East Prussia the peasants, suddenly presented with universal suffrage by Von Bismarck and asked for whom they would vote, said with one accord, “For the King.”—“You can’t”—“Then for the Crown Prince”—so at Monaco the population would have replied “for Père Pellico.”
All the same there is a moral to be drawn from my fall, and it applies to the French Republic. I conjure my friends of the French radical party not to let radicalism in France be bound up with indecent speeches made over the graves at “civil funerals,” or with the denial of the Immortality of the Soul. In England, in p. 78spite of occasional attempts of the Standard to couple “atheists” and “republicans,” no such warning is needed; but in France it comes almost too late. No system of government can be permanent which has for its opponents all the women in the country, and for supporters only half the men; and any party will have for opponents all the women which couples the religious question with the political and the social, and raises the flag of materialism. Women are not likely to abandon the idea of a compensation in the next world for the usage which too many of them meet with in this.
As for my failure at Monaco, I went too fast. I agree with Mr. Freeman, your English historian, that a sudden breach in the continuity of national institutions is an evil, and that “the witness of history teaches us that, in changing a long established form of executive government, p. 79the more gently and warily the work is done the more likely it is to be lasting.” I could have stopped at Monaco by humbling myself, but at all events I went too fast. If they take me back, which I really think for their own sakes they had better do, I will go much slower. But I have no time to write any more, for I have been put without training into the first boat, and we are to stop up during the greater portion of the Easter “vac.,” as we have a capital chance of “keeping head.”
***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FALL OF PRINCE FLORESTAN OF MONACO***
***** This file should be named 40226-h.htm or 40226-h.zip******
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/0/2/2/40226
Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.
Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.
*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that
- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is
owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments
must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg-tm works.
- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
of receipt of the work.
- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809
North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email
contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
For additional contact information:
Dr. Gregory B. Newby
Chief Executive and Director
gbnewby@pglaf.org
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
www.gutenberg.org
This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.