Epitome of the Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary, With Comments

Prepared for the Use of Physicians Under Authorization of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association by a Committee Consisting of the Following:

A.W. Hewlett, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Leland Stanford Junior University.

Torald Sollmann, M.D., Professor of Pharmacology and Materia Medica, Medical Department, Western Reserve University.

M.I. Wilbert, Ph.M., Phar.D., Assistant in the Division of Pharmacology, Hygienic Laboratory, U.S. Public Health Service.

W.A. Puckner, Phar.D., Secretary of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry.

AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
535 North Dearborn Street Chicago
1924

[Authority to use for comment the Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, ninth decennial revision, in this volume, has been granted by the Board of Trustees of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, which Board of Trustees is in no way responsible for the accuracy of any translations of the official weights and measures, or for any statement as to the strength of official preparations.

Permission to use for comment parts of the National Formulary has been granted by the Council of the American Pharmaceutical Association.]

Copyright, 1921
American Medical Association

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION

The Pharmacopeia of the United States and the National Formulary are now recognized by federal and state laws as standards for drugs and their preparations. Physicians who prescribe Pharmacopeial or National Formulary drugs or preparations, therefore, are more likely to obtain a good and constant quality than if they prescribe unofficial articles, i.e., articles that have no legalized standard. Hence medical men are interested in knowing what drugs and preparations are included in these two books of standards. Both the Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary, however, contain a vast amount of technical information, of value to pharmacists but of little interest to physicians. The Journal of the American Medical Association in 1907 issued the “Physicians’ Manual of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary,” a book designed to meet the needs of physicians in this respect. The fact that this book did meet a real need is evidenced by the continued demand for it.

The present “Epitome of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary” takes the place of that book, but is based on the new (the ninth) revision of the Pharmacopeia and the new (the fourth) edition of the National Formulary. It has been prepared under the direction of a committee appointed by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association. The aim has been to include all the matter in the Pharmacopeia and National Formulary which is likely to be of interest to physicians. This, it is believed, consists of the official titles and their abbreviations; synonyms; brief definitions; when necessary, concise descriptions of the physical properties; and dosage. Since both the Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary include many drugs and preparations which are irrational, superfluous or worthless, in many cases the medical members of the committee have added brief comments to aid a discriminating selection of therapeutic agents.

In this epitome drugs are arranged alphabetically by Pharmacopeial or National Formulary titles; preparations of drugs are placed under the drugs themselves. Thus Tinctura Digitalis is placed not among the Ts, but among the Ds under Digitalis. Names of drugs are in black-face type; names of preparations are in light-face italics. An index is added to assist in ready reference.

Statements of composition refer in some cases to percentage by volume, in others to percentage by weight, and in still others to percentage by weight-volume—that is, the weight of a given chemical contained (or the weight of a given vegetable drug represented by extractives) in 100 Cc. of the preparation. It has not been thought worth while to indicate whether the statement in each case is by volume, weight or weight-volume, since the differences are too small to have any therapeutic importance. Statements of alcoholic content refer to percentage by volume and are approximate only. In a few instances in which the quantity of alcohol in a dose is small, or in which the preparation is intended for external use, the alcohol content is not stated.

Dosage statements, when followed by the letters “U.S.P.” or “N.F.,” are taken from these books, respectively, and are understood to be the average adult doses. In some cases in which this statement was felt to be inadequate or unsatisfactory, further suggestions as to dosage have been added.

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION

The text of this edition is the same as that of the first, except that a few typographical errors which were in the first edition have been corrected.

The new edition differs from the first in the following particulars:

In the first edition, a star indicates that the drug is included in the second (1916) edition of Useful Drugs. To bring the present edition up to date, the star (*) here indicates that the drug is included in the fifth (1921) edition of Useful Drugs.

In compliance with the opinion expressed by some that a more complete index would be helpful, the index to the second edition has been materially extended. It is hoped that this will help to familiarize those who purchase the book with its contents.

TABLES OF METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

METRIC MEASURES OF WEIGHT

1 Milligram (1 mg.) = 0.001 gram.
1 Centigram = 0.01 gram.
1 Decigram = 0.1 gram.
1 Gram (1 Gm.) = 1.*
1 Decagram = 10 grams.
1 Hektogram = 100 grams.
1 Kilogram (1 kg.) = 1000 grams.†

* The weight of 1 cubic centimeter of water at 4 C.

† The weight of 1 cubic decimeter of water at 4 C.

METRIC FLUID MEASURE

1 Milliliter (1 cubic centimeter, 1 Cc.) = 0.001 cubic decimeter.
1 Centiliter (10 Cc.) = 0.01 cubic decimeter.
1 Deciliter (100 Cc.) = 0.1 cubic decimeter.
1 Liter (1000 Cc.) = 1 cubic decimeter.

APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT

20 Grains = 1 scruple (℈).
 3 Scruples = 1 drachm (ℨ).
 8 Drachms = 1 ounce (℥).
12 Ounces = 1 pound (℔).

APOTHECARIES’ FLUID MEASURE

60 Minims = 1 fluidrachm (flℨ).
 8 Fluidrachms = 1 fluidounce (fl℥).
16 Fluidounces = 1 pint (O).

EQUIVALENTS OF APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHT IN METRIC

1 Grain = 0.06479895 Gm.
1 Drachm = 3.8879369 Gm.
1 Ounce = 31.1034956 Gm.
1 Pound = 373.241948 Gm.

EQUIVALENTS OF APOTHECARIES’ FLUID MEASURE IN METRIC

1 Minim = 0.06161 Cc.
1 Fluidrachm = 3.6966 Cc.
1 Fluidounce = 29.573 Cc.
1 Pint = 473.17 Cc.

EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC WEIGHT IN APOTHECARIES’

   0.001 Gm. (1 milligram, 1 mg.) = 0.01543 grain.
   0.01  Gm. (1 centigram) = 0.15432 grain.
   0.1   Gm. (1 decigram) = 1.54324 grains.
   1     Gm. (1 gram) = 15.4324 grains.
  10     Gm. (1 decagram) = 2 drachms, 34.324 grains.
 100     Gm. (1 hectogram) = 3 ounces, 1 drachm, 43.24 grains.
1000     Gm. (1 kilogram, 1 kg.) = 2 pounds, 8 ounces, 52.4 grains.

EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC FLUID MEASURE IN APOTHECARIES’

   1 Cc. = 16.231 minims.
  10 Cc. = 2 fluidrachms, 42.311 minims.
 100 Cc. = 3 fluidounces, 3 fluidrachms, 3.11 minims.
1000 Cc. (1 Liter) = 2 pints, 1 fluidounce, 6 fluidrachms, 31.1 minims.

METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ EQUIVALENTS (WEIGHTS)

METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ EQUIVALENTS (VOLUME)

CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETRIC EQUIVALENTS

CLINICAL TABLE OF CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT THERMOMETRIC EQUIVALENTS

[Pg 5]

Epitome of the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary

[STARS (*) DESIGNATE PREPARATIONS DESCRIBED IN “USEFUL DRUGS,” A BOOK PREPARED TO FURTHER A MORE RATIONAL MATERIA MEDICA AND PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, PRICE 50 CENTS]

Absinthium (Absinth.), Absinthium, N.F. (Wormwood, Madderwort, Vermuth).

Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Obsolete aromatic bitter; without advantage over gentian or other bitter drugs.

*Acacia (Acac.), Acacia, U.S.P. (Gum Arabic, Gum Senegal).

A gum occurring in tears, fragments or powder. Slowly and almost completely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Incompatible with sodium borate, lead acetate and ferric salts.

Action and Uses: Demulcent; chiefly as a vehicle to suspend insoluble substances in aqueous mixtures.

*Mucilago Acaciae (Mucil. Acac.), Mucilage of Acacia, U.S.P.—Acacia (35%) in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Acaciae (Syr. Acac.), Syrup of Acacia, U.S.P.— Acacia (10%) in sugar and water.

ACETA, VINEGARS.—A vinegar is a solution of vegetable principles either in diluted acetic acid or in a mixture of diluted acetic acid and alcohol. For Acetum Aromaticum, see under Oleum Lavandulae; for Acetum Opii and Acetum Scillae, see under Opium and Scilla, respectively.

*Acetanilidum (Acetanil.), Acetanilid, U.S.P. (Acetanilide, Antifebrin).—C₆H₅NH.CH₃CO.

A white, odorless, crystalline powder, with a slightly burning taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:190), very soluble in alcohol (1:3.4) and in chloroform (1:3.7). Incompatible with spirit of nitrous ether and forms pasty masses when triturated with chloral or antipyrin.

Action and Uses: Analgesic, antipyretic and, in excessive doses, a cardiac depressant. Used particularly to[Pg 6] relieve headache and neuralgic pains. A habit-forming drug. If used over a long period of time, it may produce a severe anemia.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.) in powders which may be placed in capsules, or tablets which should be crushed before swallowing. It is well to begin with 0.1 Gm. or about 1-1/2 grains, and to repeat cautiously.

Pulvis Acetanilidi Compositus (Pulv. Acetanil. Co.), Compound Acetanilid Powder, N.F.—Acetanilid (70%), caffeine (10%) and sodium bicarbonate (20%).

Uses: Irrational acetanilid preparation. The caffeine does not diminish the toxicity, nor does the bicarbonate increase the solubility of acetanilid, as was at one time supposed.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Acetonum (Aceton.), Acetone, U.S.P. (Dimethyl-Ketone).

A colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a pungent sweetish taste. Miscible with water, alcohol, ether and chloroform.

Action and Uses: Pharmaceutic solvent.

*Acetphenetidinum (Acetphen.), Acetphenetidin, U.S.P. (Phenacetin).—C₆H₄(OC₂H₅).NH.CH₃CO.

White, odorless, slightly bitter, crystalline scales or powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1310), soluble in alcohol (1:15) and in chloroform (1:14).

Action and Uses: Analgesic, antipyretic and, in excessive doses, a cardiac depressant. Used particularly for the relief of headache and neuralgic pains and in the treatment of mild fevers. A habit-forming drug. If used for a long period of time, it may produce a severe anemia.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in powders or capsules. If small doses fail to relieve headache, larger doses are also usually ineffective.

*Acidum Aceticum (Acid. Acet.), Acetic Acid, U.S.P.—Acetic acid CH₃.COOH (about 36.5%).

Action and Uses: Caustic and rubefacient. In the form of vinegar, is antidote to alkalies.

Acidum Aceticum Dilutum (Acid. Acet. Dil.), Diluted Acetic Acid, U.S.P.—CH₃COOH (about 6%).

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims.

Acidum Aceticum Glaciale (Acid. Acet. Glac.), Glacial Acetic Acid, U.S.P.—CH₃COOH.

A colorless liquid, with a vinegar-like odor and a pungent, sour taste. Miscible with water or alcohol.

[Pg 7]

*Acidum Benzoicum (Acid. Benz.), Benzoic Acid, U.S.P.—C₆H₅.COOH. Obtained from benzoin or prepared synthetically.

Lustrous, almost colorless scales or needles, with a pungent, acid taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:275) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.3); also readily soluble in solutions of alkali hydroxides or carbonates with the production of alkali benzoates.

Action and Uses: Mild antiseptic and diuretic.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), best given in the form of soluble benzoates (see under Sodii Benzoas).

*Acidum Boricum (Acid. Bor.) Boric Acid, U.S.P. (Boracic Acid).—H₃BO₃.

Colorless, odorless scales or powder with a faintly bitter taste. Soluble in water and in alcohol (1:18); freely soluble in glycerin (1:4).

Action and Uses: Mild antiseptic and astringent.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution. A watery solution, ranging from 2 per cent. to saturated, is used in the treatment of conjunctivitis, cystitis, etc. Externally used as dusting powder.

*Glyceritum Boroglycerini (Glycer. Boroglyc.), Glycerite of Boroglycerin, U.S.P.—Boroglycerin in glycerin representing 31% boric acid.

Liquor Antisepticus (Liq. Antisept.), Antiseptic Solution, N.F.—Boric acid (2.5%), thymol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, oil of thyme, menthol, sodium salicylate and sodium benzoate in alcohol and water.

Uses: Needlessly complex aromatic mouthwash.

*Unguentum Acidi Borici (Ung. Acid. Bor.), Ointment of Boric Acid, U.S.P.—Boric acid (10%) in paraffin and white petrolatum.

Acidum Bromauricum (Acid. Bromaur.), Bromauric Acid, N. F.—Corresponds to not less than 32 per cent. of metallic gold.

A dark-brown, odorless solid, with a metallic acid taste. Very soluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: “Alterative” apparently of no value.

Dosage: 0.006 Gm. or 1/10 grain (N.F.).

Liquor Auri et Arseni Bromidi (Liq. Aur. et Arsen. Brom.), Solution of Gold and Arsenic Bromide, N.F.—Contains hydrogen bromaurate (HAuBr₄) and arsenic acid (H₃AsO₄) obtained by oxidizing a solution of arsenous oxide with bromine and adding bromauric acid.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).[Pg 8]

Acidum Citricum (Acid. Cit), Citric Acid, U.S.P.

Colorless, odorless crystals. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and in alcohol (1:1.8).

Action and Uses: Substitute for lemon juice; also substitute for dilute hydrochloric acid in the treatment of gastric hypoacidity.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Syrupus Acidi Citrici (Syr. Acid. Cit.), Syrup of Citric Acid, U.S.P.—Citric acid (1%), flavored with tincture of lemon peel, in syrup.

Uses: Vehicle for salty substances such as bromides.

Acidum Formicum (Acid. Formic), Formic Acid, N.F.—HCOOH (about 25%).

A clear, colorless liquid, with a characteristic pungent odor, and an acid reaction.

Action and Uses: Externally as caustic irritant, but without advantage over mustard. Internally as slightly irritant diuretic, but without advantage over nitrates. The elixirs containing various formates are intended as tonics, but there is no good evidence that they have such action. They are needlessly complex and irrational.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

Elixir Formatum (Elix. Format.), Elixir of Formates, N.F.—Potassium formate (5%), sodium formate (5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Formatum Compositum (Elix. Format. Co.), Compound Elixir of Formates, N.F.—Sodium formate (3%), magnesium formate (2.5%), strontium formate (2.5%), lithium formate (1%), quinine formate (0.8%), compound spirit of cardamom, acetic ether, alcohol, glycerin and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 9.9 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Spiritus Acidi Formici (Sp. Ac. Formic.), Spirit of Formic Acid, N.F. (Spiritus Formicarum, Spirit of Ants).—Formic acid (4%) in distilled water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Uses: Rubefacient.

Dosage: 4 Cc or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).[Pg 9]

Acidum Gallicum (Acid. Gallic.), Gallic Acid, U.S.P.

An odorless, almost white powder, with an astringent taste. Soluble in water (1:87) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:4.6) and in glycerin (1:10).

Action and Uses: Mild astringent; not very effective.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Acidum Hydriodicum Dilutum (Acid. Hydriod. Dil.), Diluted Hydriodic Acid, U.S.P.—HI (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless liquid, with a strong acid taste. Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, also with metallic oxides and salts of silver and of lead.

Action and Uses: Has the general properties of iodides.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), diluted. Administered chiefly in the form of syrup as a substitute for the alkali iodides, over which it has no material advantage.

Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici (Syr. Acid. Hydriod.), Syrup of Hydriodic Acid, U.S.P.—Hydriodic acid (about 1.25%).

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum (Acid. Hydrobrom. Dil.), Diluted Hydrobromic Acid, U.S.P.—HBr (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless liquid, with a strong acid taste. Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, metallic oxides and the salts of silver and of lead.

Action and Uses: In general, those of bromides; but the preparation is objectionable because of its acidity.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

*Acidum Hydrochloricum (Acid. Hydrochl.), Hydrochloric Acid, U.S.P. (Muriatic Acid).—HCl (about 32%).

A fuming, corrosive liquid. Incompatible with alkalies and their carbonates, metallic oxides and salts of silver and of lead.

Action and Uses: Used in gastric hypoacidity; also as caustic; antiseptic.

*Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum (Acid. Hydrochl. Dil.), Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, U.S.P.—HCl (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless, strongly acid solution.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), after meals, diluted in one-half to one glass water and taken through a glass tube to protect the teeth.

Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum (Acid. Hydrocyan. Dil.), Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid, U.S.P. (Diluted Prussic[Pg 10] Acid, Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum, P.I.).—HCN (about 2%).

A colorless liquid, with an odor like that of bitter almonds.

Action and Uses: Said to be sedative. Was formerly used as an addition to cough mixtures and as an antiemetic but, because of its poisonous properties and instability, is no longer used to the same extent.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.)—not drops.

Acidum Hypophosphorosum (Acid. Hypophos.), Hypophosphorous Acid, U.S.P.—H₃PO₂ (about 31%).

A colorless, odorless liquid.

Action and Uses: Ingredient of compound hypophosphite preparations.

Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum (Acid. Hypophos. Dil.), Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid, U.S.P.—H₃PO₂ (about 10%).

A colorless, odorless liquid with a strong acid taste.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

Acidum Lacticum (Acid. Lact.), Lactic Acid, U.S.P.—Equivalent to about 87 per cent. lactic acid.

A colorless or nearly colorless, nearly odorless, syrupy liquid, with an acid taste. Miscible with water.

Action and Uses: Caustic; seldom used internally.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

*Acidum Nitricum (Acid. Nitric.), Nitric Acid, U.S.P.—HNO₃ (about 68%).

A colorless, fuming, very corrosive liquid with a suffocating odor. Miscible with water.

Action and Uses: Caustic.

Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum (Acid. Nitrohydrochl.), Nitrohydrochloric Acid, U.S.P. (Aqua Regia, Nitromuriatic Acid).—A mixture of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, nitrosyl chloride and chlorine.

A golden-yellow, fuming, very corrosive liquid. Miscible with water.

Action and Uses: Caustic. Formerly thought to be a “hepatic stimulant,” but acts much like other mineral acids.

Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum (Acid. Nitrohydrochl. Dil.), Diluted Nitrohydrochloric Acid, U.S.P. (Diluted Nitromuriatic Acid).—An aqueous solution of about one[Pg 11]-fifth the strength of nitrohydrochloric acid; should be freshly prepared.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), well diluted.

Acidum Oleicum (Acid. Oleic.), Oleic Acid, U.S.P.—Obtained from fats.

A yellowish or brownish-yellow, oily liquid, having a lard-like odor and taste. Practically insoluble in water, partially soluble in 60 per cent. alcohol.

Action and Uses: Solvent for making oleates.

*Acidum Phenylcinchoninicum (Acid. Phenylcinch.), Phenylcinchoninic Acid, U.S.P. (Phenyl-Quinoline-Carboxylic Acid, Atophan).

A white or nearly white, odorless or nearly odorless powder with a bitter taste. Insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in cold alcohol.

Action and Uses: Increases the excretion of uric acid and diminishes its concentration in the blood. Analgesic. Has been used in acute and chronic gout.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in tablets or powder.

Acidum Phosphoricum (Acid. Phos.), Phosphoric Acid, U.S.P.—H₃PO₄ (about 86.5%).

A colorless, odorless, syrupy liquid having a strongly acid taste. Miscible with water. Incompatible with alkalies, alkali carbonates, ferric chloride, lead acetate and solutions of lime.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of hydrochloric acid. Has none of the therapeutic properties of free phosphorus.

Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum (Acid. Phos. Dil.), Diluted Phosphoric Acid, U.S.P.—H₃PO₄ (about 10%).

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

Liquor Phosphatum Acidus (Liq. Phos. Acid.), Acid Solution of Phosphates, N.F. (Solution of Acid Phosphates).—Made by dissolving precipitated calcium carbonate (5%) in phosphoric acid and water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Liquor Phosphatum Compositus (Liq. Phos. Co.), Compound Solution of Phosphates, N.F.—Phosphates of calcium, iron, ammonium, potassium and sodium in citric acid, glycerin, orange flower water and water.

Syrupus Phosphatum Compositum (Syr. Phos. Co.), Compound Syrup of the Phosphates, N.F. (Chemical Food).—Compound solution of phosphates (50%), colored with tincture of cudbear, in glycerin and syrup.

Uses: Antiquated and irrational “tonic.[Pg 12]”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina.—See under Quininae Hydrochloridum.

Acidum Picricum, Picric Acid.—See Trinitrophenol.

*Acidum Salicylicum (Acid. Salicyl.), Salicylic Acid, U.S.P.—C₆H₄(OH)COOH.

A white, odorless powder, tasting first sweetish, subsequently acrid. Slightly soluble in water (1:460), freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.7) and in ether. Incompatible with solutions of iron and with spirit of nitrous ether.

Action and Uses: Antirheumatic, antiseptic, germicide and keratolytic.

Dosage: Internally 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.) best given in the form of soluble salicylates (see Sodii Salicylas). Externally in 10 per cent. ointment as a keratolytic.

Collodium Salicylici Compositum (Collod. Salicyl. Co.), Compound Salicylic Collodion, N.F.—Salicylic acid (1.1%) and flexible collodion colored with fluidextract of cannabis.

Uses: A popular application for softening corns. The cannabis can play no rôle beyond that of coloring agent.

Glycerogelatinum Acidi Salicylici (Glycerogel. Acid. Salicyl.), Salicylic Acid Glycerogelatin, N.F.—Salicylic acid (10%), in water, glycerin and glycerinated gelatin.

Mulla Acidi Salicylici (Mull. Ac. Salicyl.), Salicylic Acid Mull, N.F. (Unguentum Salicylatum Extensum, N.F. III).—Salicylic acid (10%), in benzoinated suet and benzoinated lard.

Mulla Creosoti Salicylata (Mull. Creosot. Salicyl.), Salicylated Creosote Mull, N.F. (Unguentum Creosoti Salicylatum Extensum, N.F. III).—Salicylic acid (10%), and creosote (20%) in yellow wax and benzoinated suet.

Pulvis Talci Compositus (Pulv. Talc. Co.), Compound Powder of Talc, N.F. (Boro-Salicylated Powder of Talc).—Salicylic acid (3%), boric acid (10%) and talc.

Uses: Toilet powder, used for local sweating.

Stili Acidi Salicylici Dilubiles (Stil. Acid. Salicyl. Dilub.), Salicylic Acid Pencil, N.F.—Salicylic acid (10%) with tragacanth, starch, white dextrin and sugar.

Uses: For the application of salicylic acid to limited areas.[Pg 13]

Acidum Stearicum (Acid. Stear.), Stearic Acid, U.S.P.—Obtained from fats.

A white, hard, unctuous, odorless and tasteless substance. Soluble in alcohol (1:21) and in chloroform (1:2), but insoluble in water.

Uses: Used in making glycerin suppositories.

Acidum Sulphuricum (Acid. Sulph.), Sulphuric Acid, U.S.P.—H₂SO₄ (about 94%).

A colorless, odorless, corrosive liquid. Miscible with water or alcohol with evolution of much heat.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of hydrochloric acid. Externally, the dilute acid is used as astringent.

Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum (Acid. Sulph. Arom.), Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, U.S.P.—A mixture, containing free sulphuric acid and ethylsulphuric acid equivalent to about 20 per cent. of H₂SO₄ in alcohol, flavored with ginger and cinnamon. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

A clear, reddish-brown liquid with an aromatic odor.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims, well diluted.

Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum (Acid. Sulph. Dil.), Diluted Sulphuric Acid, U.S.P.—H₂SO₄ (about 10%).

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), well diluted.

*Acidum Tannicum (Acid. Tann.), Tannic Acid, U.S.P. (Gallotannic Acid, Tannin).—Usually obtained from nutgalls.

A yellowish-white to light brown powder, odorless or having a faint, characteristic odor and a strongly astringent taste. Freely soluble in glycerin (1:1) and very soluble in water and in alcohol. Incompatible with soluble preparations of iron.

Action and Uses: Astringent; local hemostatic; antidote for certain alkaloidal and metallic poisons.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Collodium Stypticum (Collod. Stypt.), Styptic Collodion, N.F.—Tannic acid (20%) and flexible collodion. There is no advantage in applying tannin as collodion.

*Glyceritum Acidi Tannici (Glycer. Acid. Tann.), Glycerite of Tannic Acid, U.S.P. (Glycerite of Tannin).—Tannic acid (20%) in glycerin.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Trochisci Acidi Tannici (Troch. Acid. Tann.), Troches of Tannic Acid, U.S.P.—Each troche contains tannic acid (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), with sugar and tragacanth, flavored with orange flower.[Pg 14]

Unguentum Acidi Tannici (Ung. Acid. Tann.), Ointment of Tannic Acid, U.S.P.—Tannic acid (20%), in glycerin and ointment.

Acidum Tartaricum (Acid. Tart.), Tartaric Acid, U.S.P.—Obtained from wine lees or argol.

A white, odorless powder, with an acid taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.75) and in alcohol (1:3.3).

Action and Uses: Mild acid; used in the manufacture of effervescent salts.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains, diluted.

Acidum Trichloraceticum (Acid. Trichloracet.), Trichloracetic Acid, U.S.P.—CCl₃.COOH.

Colorless, deliquescent crystals with a slight characteristic odor. Miscible with water and with alcohol.

Action and Uses: Caustic, for the removal of warts and other skin blemishes. Used also as local hemostatic.

Aconitina (Aconitin.), Aconitine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from aconite.

A white, odorless powder. Very slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol (1:28) and in ether (1:65).

Action and Uses: Similar to those described under aconite. As several alkaloidal preparations of aconite, of varying activity, are sold under the name of aconitine, its use is not advisable.

Dosage: 0.15 mg. or 1/400 grain (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Aconitinae (Oleat. Aconitin.), Oleate of Aconitine, N.F.—Aconitine (2%) in oleic acid and olive oil.

Uses: Without advantage over aconite preparations for external application.

*Aconitum (Aconit.), Aconite, U.S.P. (Monkshood, Aconite Root, Aconiti Tuber, P.I.).—A tuberous root, yielding about 0.5 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids; also assayed biologically. Physicians should specify preparations that have been assayed biologically, since the alkaloidal assay is not a reliable index of activity.

Action and Uses: Slows the pulse and lowers the blood pressure, but this action in therapeutic doses is uncertain. Used in the treatment of febrile colds; also for counter-irritation, in the form of the tincture. Used also as a local anesthetic, and by some still believed to be useful in the treatment of the symptoms arising from excessive cardiac[Pg 15] hypertrophy. Toxic symptoms may occur from local absorption.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.); not used as such.

Extractum Aconiti (Ext. Aconit.), Extract of Aconite, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Aconite).—Yields about 2 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe extract of aconite should specify the biologically assayed product.

Fluidextractum Aconiti (Fldext. Aconit.), Fluidextract of Aconite, U.S.P.—Aconite (100%), yielding about 0.5 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig.

Dosage: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe fluidextract of aconite should specify the biologically assayed product. Best to use the tincture.

Linimentum Aconiti et Chloroformi (Lin. Aconit. et Chlorof.), Liniment of Aconite and Chloroform, N.F.—Fluidextract of aconite (4.5%), in alcohol, chloroform and soap liniment.

*Tinctura Aconiti (Tr. Aconit.), Tincture of Aconite, U.S.P. (Aconiti Tinctura, P.I.).—Aconite (10%) yielding about 0.05 per cent. of alkaloids, in alcohol and water. Alkaloidal assay unreliable. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians should specify the biologically assayed product.

*Adeps (Adeps), Lard, U.S.P.

Insoluble in water, and only slightly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Basis for ointments. Used particularly when absorption is desired.

*Adeps Benzoinatus (Adeps Benz.), Benzoinated Lard, U.S.P.—Somewhat antiseptic and less liable to rancidity than ordinary lard.

Unguentum (Ung.), Ointment, U.S.P. (Simple Ointment).—White wax (20%) and benzoinated lard.

Adeps Lanae (Adeps Lan.), Wool Fat, U.S.P. (Anhydrous Lanolin).—Purified wool fat, freed from water.[Pg 16]

Insoluble in but miscible with about twice its weight of water; sparingly soluble in cold alcohol.

Action and Uses: Basis for ointments; because of its tenacious consistency, should be mixed with some other base.

*Adeps Lanae Hydrosus (Adeps Lan. Hyd.), Hydrous Wool Fat, U.S.P. (Lanolin).—Wool fat with about 27 per cent. of water.

Uses: Ointment used particularly when absorption through the skin is desired; mixed with white petrolatum or lard.

Adonis (Adonis), Adonis, N.F. (Pheasant’s Eye).—The plant deprived of its root.

Action and Uses: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group, but of unreliable activity.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Adonidis (Fldext. Adonid.), Fluidextract of Adonis, N.F.—Adonis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.125 Cc. or 2 minims (N.F.).

*Aether (Aether), Ether, U.S.P.—Contains about 96.5 per cent. of ethyl oxide.

A clear, colorless, very inflammable liquid with a characteristic odor and a burning, sweetish taste. Soluble in water (1:12), and miscible with alcohol, chloroform, petroleum benzin, benzene, and fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: General anesthetic, administered by inhalation; when administered by mouth, carminative.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.

*Spiritus Aetheris (Sp. Aeth.), Spirit of Ether, U.S.P. (Hoffmann’s Drops).—Ether (32.5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Uses: Carminative and fugacious indirect circulatory stimulant.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Spiritus Aetheris Compositus (Sp. Aether. Co.), Compound Spirit of Ether, N.F. (Hoffmann’s Anodyne).—Ether (32.5%), ethereal oil (2.5%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Uses: A superfluous modification of spirit of ether.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).[Pg 17]

Aether Aceticus (Aeth. Acet.), Acetic Ether, N.F. (Ethyl Acetate).

A colorless, fragrant liquid, with a burning taste.

Action and Uses: Carminative, similar to and without special advantage over ether. Also used pharmaceutically, as flavoring ingredient.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Aether Nitrosus, Nitrous Ether.—Ethyl nitrite.

*Spiritus Aetheris Nitrosi (Sp. Aeth. Nitros.), Spirit of Nitrous Ether, U.S.P. (Sweet Spirit of Nitre).—Ethyl nitrite (about 4%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.

Action and Uses: Popularly used as a weak diuretic and diaphoretic. Unstable and therefore unreliable. Has the physiologic action of a weak nitrite.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Aethylis Carbamas (Aethyl. Carbam.), Ethyl Carbamate, U.S.P. (Carbamic Acid Ethyl Ester, Urethane, Ethyl Urethane).

Colorless, odorless crystals or scales, with a cooling, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.45) and in alcohol (1:0.8). Incompatible with alkalies, acids and most other chemicals.

Action and Uses: Very mild and relatively harmless hypnotic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in powder, cachets or solution.

*Aethylis Chloridum (Aethyl. Chlor.), Ethyl Chloride, U.S.P.—Monochlorethane, CH₃CH₂Cl.

A colorless, very volatile liquid, with an agreeable odor and a sweetish, burning taste. The vapor is very inflammable. Slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol and in ether.

Action and Uses: Local anesthetic for minor operations. Used in the form of a spray to produce intense cold. Has also been used by inhalation as general anesthetic in short operations.

*Aethylmorphinae Hydrochloridum (Aethylmorph. Hydrochl.), Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Ethylmorphine Chloride, Dionin).

A white, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:8) and soluble in alcohol (1:22).

Action and Uses: Systemically, intermediate between those of morphine and codeine. Probably possesses no[Pg 18] advantage over codeine. When applied to the eye it causes local hyperemia terminating in acute conjunctival edema.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). Used as 10 per cent. ointment or solution in corneal opacity and similar conditions.

Agar (Agar), Agar, U.S.P. (Agar-Agar).—A mucilaginous substance extracted from certain seaweeds.

Nearly white, almost odorless and tasteless strips, shreds or powder, tough when damp, brittle when dry. Insoluble in cold water, but slowly soluble in hot water.

Action and Uses: Passes through the intestinal canal almost unchanged. Absorbs and retains moisture. Used in chronic constipation with intestinal atony; renders the feces soft and bulky and thus promotes peristalsis.

Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

Agaricus (Agaric), Agaric, N.F. (White Agaric, Larch Agaric).—The fruit body of a fungus.

Action and Uses: Empirical and unreliable remedy for night sweats of phthisis.

Dosage: 0.6 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).

*Alcohol (Alcohol), Alcohol, U.S.P.—Not less than 92.3 per cent. by weight or 94.9 per cent. by volume of C₂H₅OH.

A colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, with a characteristic odor and burning taste. Freely miscible with water, ether or chloroform.

Action and Uses: Rubefacient, astringent, antiseptic and by its evaporation a refrigerant. Internally it is a narcotic widely used as a “stimulant” but may do more harm than good.

Alcohol Dehydratum (Alcohol Dehyd.), Dehydrated Alcohol, U.S.P. (Alcohol Absolutum, U.S.P. VIII).—Not less than 99 per cent. by weight of C₂H₅OH.

A liquid with the same color, odor and taste as alcohol.

Alcohol Dilutum (Alcohol Dil.), Diluted Alcohol, U.S.P.—About 41.5 per cent. by weight or 49 per cent. by volume of C₂H₅OH.

*Elixir Aromaticum (Elix. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir, U.S.P. (Simple Elixir).—Compound spirit of orange in syrup, alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Uses: Diluent and vehicle. The alcohol content of this preparation should not be overlooked.[Pg 19]

Elixir Aromaticum Rubrum (Elix. Arom. Rub.), Red Aromatic Elixir, N.F. (Red Elixir).—Aromatic elixir colored with cudbear.

Uses: Diluent and vehicle.

Elixir Glycyrrhizae (Elix. Glycyrrh.), Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P. (Elixir Adjuvans, U.S.P. VIII, Elixir of Licorice).—Fluidextract of glycyrrhiza (12.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Uses: Diluent and vehicle. The alcohol content should not be overlooked.

Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aromaticum (Elix. Glycyrrh. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, N.F. (Aromatic Elixir of Licorice).—Fluidextract of glycyrrhiza (12.5%), oil of clove, oil of cassia, oil of myristica, oil of fennel and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Uses: Flavoring vehicle.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.

Aletris (Aletr.), Aletris, N.F. (Unicorn Root, Colic Root, Star Grass).—Rhizome and root.

Action and Uses: Simple bitter, without advantage over gentian. Also used in proprietary “female remedies,” without good evidence of value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Aletridis (Fldext. Aletrid.), Fluidextract of Aletris, N.F.—Aletris (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Allium (Allium), Garlic, N.F.

Action and Uses: Irritant expectorant; without advantage over senega, terpin hydrate or asafetida.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Allii (Syr. Allii), Syrup of Garlic, N.F.—Garlic (20%) in sugar and diluted acetic acid.

Uses: Irritant expectorant.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Aloe (Aloe), Aloes, U.S.P.—The inspissated juice of different species of aloes, yielding Socotrine, Curaçao and Cape aloes, respectively.

Action and Uses: Moderately active cathartic used in the treatment of chronic constipation. Acts mostly on the large intestine.[Pg 20]

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), as pills.

*Extractum Aloes (Ext. Aloes), Extract of Aloes, N.F. (Powdered Extract of Aloes).—An aqueous extract, 1 Gm. representing 2 Gm. of aloes; diluted with starch. No material advantage over aloes.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).

Pilulae ad Prandium (Pil. ad Prand.), Dinner Pills, N.F.

1. For dinner pills without additional specifications Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches (which see), also called Lady Webster’s Pills, should be dispensed.

2. Chapman’s Dinner Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes and mastic (each 0.097 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), and ipecac (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), with oil of fennel.

3. Cole’s Dinner Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes, mass of mercury and jalap (each 0.078 Gm. or 1-1/4 grains), antimony and potassium tartrate (0.0013 Gm. or 1/50 grain) and syrup.

4. Hall’s Dinner Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with extract of glycyrrhiza and soap.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes (Pil. Aloes), Pills of Aloes, U.S.P.—Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) with soap.

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Aloes et Asafoetidae (Pil. Aloe. et Asafoet.), Pills of Aloes and Asafetida, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes and asafetida (each 0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) with soap.

Dosage: 1 pill (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Aloes et Ferri (Pil. Aloe. et Ferr.), Pills of Aloes and Iron, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes and exsiccated ferrous sulphate (each 0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains), with aromatic powder and confection of rose.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches (Pil. Aloe. et Mastich.), Pills of Aloes and Mastic, N.F. (Lady Webster’s Dinner Pill).—Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and mastic (0.04 Gm. or 2/3 grain) with red rose.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae (Pil. Aloe. et Myrrh.), Pills of Aloes and Myrrh, N.F.—Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and myrrh (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), with aromatic powder and syrup.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).[Pg 21]

Pilulae Aloes et Podophylli Compositae (Pil. Aloe. et Podoph. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloes and Podophyllum, N.F. (Janeway’s Pills).—Each pill contains aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), resin of podophyllum (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves and extract of nux vomica (each 0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain).

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes, Hydrargyri et Podophylli (Pil. Aloe. Hydrarg. et Podoph.), Pills of Aloes, Mercury and Podophyllum, N.F. (Pilulae Triplices, N.F. III, Triplex Pills, Pilula Triplex).—Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains), mass of mercury (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and resin of podophyllum (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain). These pills should not be taken habitually.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloes, Hydrargyri et Scammonii Compositae (Pil. Aloe. Hydrarg. et Scammon Co.), Compound Pills of Aloes, Mercury and Scammony, N.F. (Francis’ Triplex Pills).—Each pill contains aloes, resin of scammony and mass of mercury (each 0.055 Gm. or 7/8 grain), croton oil (0.0032 Cc. or 1/20 minim), oil of caraway (0.016 Cc. or 1/4 minim) and tincture of aloes and myrrh. Should not be taken habitually.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pulvis Aloes et Canellae (Pulv. Aloe. et Canell.), Powder of Aloes and Canella, N.F. (Hiera Picra).—Aloes (80%) and canella.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Aloes (Tr. Aloes), Tincture of Aloes, U.S.P.—Aloes (10%) and glycyrrhiza in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae (Tr. Aloe. et Myrrh.), Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh, N.F.—Represents aloes and myrrh (each 10%) and glycyrrhiza in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Uses: Disagreeable cathartic.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Aloinum (Aloin.), Aloin, U.S.P.—Obtained from aloes.

A yellow, odorless, intensely bitter powder. Slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of aloes; is more easily absorbed, and has sometimes produced renal irritation.[Pg 22]

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.), as pills. In chronic constipation, frequently given in doses of from 0.006 Gm. to 0.02 Gm., or 1/12 to 1/3 grain in combination with extract of belladonna and strychnine.

Pilulae Aloini Compositae (Pil. Aloin. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloin, N.F.—Each pill contains aloin (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain), resin of podophyllum (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain), and pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain).

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloini, Strychninae et Belladonnae (Pil. A.S. et B.), Pills of Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna, N.F.—Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain) and pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain).

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Aloini, Strychninae et Belladonnae Compositae (Pil. A.S. et B. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna, N.F.—Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain) and extract of cascara sagrada (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain).

Uses: Needlessly complex mixture.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Laxativae Compositae (Pil. Lax. Co.), Compound Laxative Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain) and ipecac (0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain) with glycyrrhiza and syrup.

Uses: Complex and superfluous preparation of aloin.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).

Althaea (Althaea), Althaea, U.S.P. (Marsh Mallow Root).

Action and Uses: Demulcent and emollient; without advantages over other drugs of the same kind, such as chondrus, tragacanth, slippery elm and flaxseed.

Species Pectorales (Spec. Pect.), Pectoral Species, N.F. (Species ad Infusum Pectorale, Breast Tea).—Althaea, coltsfoot, glycyrrhiza, anise, mullein flowers and orris root.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Althaeae (Syr. Althae.), Syrup of Althaea, N.F.—Althaea (5%) with alcohol, glycerin and sugar in water. Absolute alcohol content about 2.5 per cent.[Pg 23]

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Althaeae Folia (Althae. Fol.), Althaea Leaves, N.F. (Marsh Mallow Leaves).

Action and Uses: Domestic demulcent and emollient; inferior for internal use to gums and for poultices to flaxseed.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Species Emollientes (Spec. Emoll.), Emollient Species, N.F. (Emollient Cataplasm).—Althaea leaves, mallow leaves, melilot, matricaria and flaxseed. Emollient poultice is made by adding a suitable quantity of hot water to this powder.

*Alumen (Alum.), Alum, U.S.P.—AlNH₄(SO₄)₂ + 12H₂O or AlK(SO₄)₂ + 12H₂O. (The physician may indicate whether ammonium alum or potassium alum is desired.)

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and possessing a strongly astringent taste. Ammonium alum is somewhat less soluble in water than is potassium alum, which is freely soluble in water (1:7.2); both are insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Astringent, styptic and hemostatic. Seldom administered internally.

Dosage: As a gargle, in from 1 to 5 per cent. solution (somewhat injurious to the teeth); as an injection in gonorrhea, in from 0.5 to 1 per cent. solution; as a lotion in skin diseases, in 1 per cent. solution.

*Alumen Exsiccatum (Alum. Exsic.), Exsiccated Alum, U.S.P. (Alumen Ustum, Dried Alum, Burnt Alum).—Anhydrous AlNH₄(SO₄)₂ or anhydrous AlK(SO₄)₂. (The composition of the desired salt may be indicated.)

White, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Very slowly soluble in water (1:14); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used externally like alum, being more escharotic.

*Alumini Acetas, Aluminum Acetate.—Normal aluminum acetate, Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃.

Liquor Alumini Acetatis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.), Solution of Aluminum Acetate, N.F. (Liquor Burowii, Burow’s Solution).—Contains normal aluminum acetate, Al(C₂H₃O₂)₃ (about 5%).

Uses: Popular astringent wash.

Dosage: Usually diluted with 15 parts of water.[Pg 24]

Alumini Acetico-Tartras, Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate.

Liquor Alumini Acetico-Tartratis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.-Tart.), Solution of Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate, N.F.—A solution of aluminum acetate and tartrate obtained by dissolving aluminum hydroxide in a mixture of acetic and tartaric acids.

Alumini Chloridum (Alum. Chlor.), Aluminum Chloride, N.F.—AlCl₃ + 6H₂O.

A nearly white deliquescent powder, with a sweetish, astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:3).

Action and Uses: Antiseptic and astringent, without advantage over alum.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Alumini Hydroxidum (Alum. Hydrox.), Aluminum Hydroxide, U.S.P.—Al(OH)₃.

A white, bulky, odorless and tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Mild astringent and desiccant, sometimes used as a dusting powder.

Alumini Subacetas, Aluminum Subacetate.—Basic aluminum acetate, Al(C₂H₃O₂)₂OH.

*Liquor Alumini Subacetatis (Liq. Alumin. Subacet.), Solution of Aluminum Subacetate, N.F. (Liquor Alumini Acetatis, N.F. III).—Contains basic aluminum acetate, Al(C₂H₃O₂)₂OH (about 8%).

Uses: Astringent wash.

Dosage: Usually diluted with ten parts of water.

Alumini Sulphas (Alum. Sulph.), Aluminum Sulphate, N.F.—Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 16H₂O.

A white, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), but insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to and without advantage over alum.

*Ammonia (NH₃).

*Aqua Ammoniae (Aq. Ammon.), Ammonia Water, U.S.P.—NH₃ (about 10%) in water.

A liquid with a strong odor and a caustic, soapy taste. Loses NH₃ readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.

Uses: Local irritant and antacid, preferably as a liniment. Fugacious indirect circulatory and respiratory stimulant.[Pg 25]

Aqua Ammoniae Fortior (Aq. Ammon. Fort.), Stronger Ammonia Water, U.S.P.—NH₃ (about 28%) in water.

Loses NH₃ very readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.

*Linimentum Ammoniae (Lin. Ammon.), Ammonia Liniment, U.S.P. (Volatile Liniment, Hartshorn Liniment).—Ammonia water (25%) in sesame oil.

Uses: Popularly used as counterirritant.

Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata (Lot. Ammon. Camph.), Ammoniated Camphor Wash, N.F. (Aqua Sedativa, N.F. III, Sedative Water, Eau Sédative de Raspail).—Ammonia water (6%) and spirit of camphor (1%), in sodium chloride and water.

Uses: Counterirritant.

Spiritus Ammoniae Anisatus (Sp. Ammon. Anis.), Anisated Spirit of Ammonia, N.F. (Liquor Ammoniae Anisatus, Anisated Solution of Ammonia).—Ammonia water (20%) with anethol, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Uses: Aromatic carminative preparation.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Ammonii Acetas, Ammonium Acetate.—NH₄C₂H₃O₂.

Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ammon. Acet.), Solution of Ammonium Acetate, U.S.P. (Spirit of Mindererus).—Contains NH₄C₂H₃O₂ (not less than 7%).

Uses: Diaphoretic and diuretic in fevers; of doubtful value.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ferr. et Ammon. Acet.), Solution of Iron and Ammonium Acetate, U.S.P. (Basham’s Mixture).

Uses: An antiquated preparation, without the special advantages generally ascribed to it. Iron and acetates are better prescribed separately.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Ammonii Benzoas (Ammon. Benz.), Ammonium Benzoate, U.S.P.

A white, odorless or nearly odorless powder, with a bitterish taste. Very soluble in water (1:10) and soluble in alcohol (1:35). Incompatible with acids, fixed alkalies and ferric salts.

Action and Uses: Resembles sodium benzoate in its action but is more irritant and has no advantage over it.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.[Pg 26]

Ammonii Bromidum (Ammon. Brom.), Ammonium Bromide, U.S.P.—NH₄Br.

A white, odorless powder with a pungent saline taste. Incompatible with nitrous ether.

Action and Uses: Those of the bromides; more irritant than potassium bromide, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.

Elixir Ammonii Bromidi (Elix. Ammon. Brom.), Elixir of Ammonium Bromide, N.F.—Ammonium bromide (8.5%), syrup, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Elixir Trium Bromidorum (Elix. Tri. Brom.), Elixir of Three Bromides, N.F.—Ammonium bromide, potassium bromide and sodium bromide (each 8%), with cudbear and compound elixir of almond. Absolute alcohol content about 4 per cent.

Uses: An irrational bromide mixture, as there is no good evidence that the bases influence the bromide action materially.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Ammonii Carbonas (Ammon. Carb.), Ammonium Carbonate, U.S.P.—A mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbamate, yielding about 31 per cent. of NH₃.

White, hard, translucent masses, with a strong ammoniacal odor and a sharp, ammoniacal taste. Very soluble in water; alcohol dissolves the carbamate and leaves the bicarbonate.

Action and Uses: Alkaline and nauseant liquefying expectorant used in cough mixtures; also as reflex “diffusible” stimulant in smelling salts.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.

Mistura Pectoralis Stokes (Mist. Pect. Stokes), Stokes’ Expectorant, N.F.—Ammonium carbonate (1.75%), fluidextracts of senega and squill (each 3.5%), camphorated tincture of opium (17.5%), water and syrup of tolu. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Uses: Irrational expectorant mixture.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus (Sp. Ammon. Arom.), Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, U.S.P.—Ammonium carbonate (3.4%), ammonia water (9%) and oils of lemon, lavender and myristica in alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 68 per cent.[Pg 27]

Uses: Useful aromatic alkali and carminative in flatulence, colic, etc.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Ammonii Chloridum (Ammon. Chlor.), Ammonium Chloride, U.S.P.—NH₄Cl.

A white, odorless powder, with a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.6) and soluble in alcohol (1:100).

Action and Uses: Liquefying expectorant; used in cough mixtures, and in the treatment of inflammation of the air-passages.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or lozenges.

Mistura Ammonii Chloridi (Mist. Ammon. Chlor.), Mixture of Ammonium Chloride, N.F. (Mistura Solvens Simplex).—Ammonium chloride (2.5%) and pure extract of glycyrrhiza in water.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi (Troch. Ammon. Chlor.), Troches of Ammonium Chloride, U.S.P.—Each troche contains ammonium chloride (0.1 Gm.) with extract of glycyrrhiza, tragacanth and sugar, flavored with syrup of tolu.

Ammonii Citras, Ammonium Citrate.

Liquor Ammonii Citratis (Liq. Ammon. Cit.), Solution of Ammonium Citrate, N.F.—Ammonium citrate (14.47%) in water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ammonii Hypophosphis (Ammon. Hypophos.), Ammonium Hypophosphite, N.F.—NH₄H₂PO₂.

Colorless plates or white powder, odorless, with a saline, bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:1) and soluble in alcohol (1:20).

Action and Uses: Similar to but without material advantage over ammonium chloride.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Ammonii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Ammon. Hypophos.), Syrup of Ammonium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Ammonium hypophosphite (3.5%) and diluted hypophosphorous acid, flavored with compound spirit of vanillin, in water, glycerin and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).[Pg 28]

Ammonii Iodidum (Ammon. Iod.), Ammonium Iodide, U.S.P.—NH₄I.

White, odorless powder, with a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.6), in alcohol (1:3.7) and in glycerin (1:1.5).

Action and Uses: Those of the iodides. More irritant and less stable than sodium or potassium iodide, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Linimentum Ammonii Iodidi (Lin. Ammon. Iod.), Liniment of Ammonium Iodide, N.F.—Ammonium iodide (about 0.5%) with oil of rosemary, oil of lavender, camphor, ammonia water and alcohol.

Uses: Irrational preparation.

Ammonii Phosphas (Ammon. Phos.), Ammonium Phosphate, N.F.—A mixture of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ and NH₄H₂PO₄.

Colorless crystals or white powder. Freely soluble in water (1:4), but insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to but without advantage over sodium phosphate.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Ammonii Salicylas (Ammon. Salicyl.), Ammonium Salicylate, U.S.P.

White, odorless crystals or powder with a bitterish taste. Very soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:3). Incompatible with acids and fixed alkalies.

Action and Uses: Those of salicylates; without advantage over sodium salicylate.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Ammonii Valeras (Ammon. Valer.), Ammonium Valerate, U.S.P. (Ammonium Valerianate).—Of variable composition.

White plates, with a valerian odor and a sharp, sweetish taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.3) and in alcohol (1:0.6).

Action and Uses: Sedative in hysteria, depending on the valeric odor. Not very effective.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Ammonii Valeratis (Elix. Ammon. Valer.), Elixir of Ammonium Valerate, N.F. (Elixir Ammonii Valerianatis, N.F. III).—Ammonium valerate (3.5%) in red elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. The alcohol content should be borne in mind.

Amygdala Dulcis (Amygd. Dulc.), Sweet Almond, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Demulcent, especially as cosmetic.[Pg 29]

Emulsum Amygdalae (Emuls. Amygd.), Emulsion of Almond, U.S.P. (Milk of Almond).—Sweet almond, acacia, sugar and water.

*Amylis Nitris (Amyl. Nitris), Amyl Nitrite, U.S.P.—Not less than 80 per cent. C₅H₁₁NO₂ (chiefly iso-amyl nitrite).

A yellowish liquid, with a fruity odor and a pungent, aromatic taste. Very volatile; almost insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol or ether.

Action and Uses: Prompt vasodilator, used especially in spasms of angina pectoris, asthma and general convulsions.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), by inhalation.

*Amylum (Amyl.), Starch, U.S.P. (Corn Starch).

Action and Uses: Dusting powder and diluent.

Glyceritum Amyli (Glycer. Amyl.), Glycerite of Starch, U.S.P.—Starch (10%) and water (10%) in glycerin.

Uses: Emollient and excipient.

Anethol (Anethol), Anethol, N.F.—The chief constituent of oil of anise and oil of fennel.

A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a sweet taste and an odor of anise; solid below 20 C. Almost insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol or ether.

Action and Uses: Carminative, etc. Similar to but without advantage over oil of anise.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Elixir Anisi (Elix. Anis.), Elixir of Anise, N.F.—Anethol, oil of fennel, spirit of bitter almond, alcohol, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Uses: Carminative and flavor.

Dosage: For infants, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Angelicae Fructus (Angel. Fruct.), Angelica Fruit, N.F. (Angelica Seed).

Action and Uses: Aromatic stomachic and carminative; without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Angelicae Radix (Angel. Rad.), Angelica Root, N.F.

Action and Uses: Stimulating expectorant; without advantage over tolu.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).[Pg 30]

Fluidextractum Angelicae Radicis (Fldext. Angel. Rad.), Fluidextract of Angelica Root, N.F.—Angelica root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Anisum (Anis.), Anise, U.S.P. (Aniseed).

Action and Uses: Carminative. (See Oleum Anisi).

*Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Antim. et Pot. Tart.), Antimony and Potassium Tartrate, U.S.P. (Antimonyl Potassium Tartrate, Tartrated Antimony, Tartar Emetic).

A white, odorless powder with a sweet, metallic taste. Soluble in water (1:12) and in glycerin (1:15); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Nauseant expectorant and emetic. Emetic doses and the prolonged use of expectorant doses are somewhat dangerous. Externally, a pustulant.

Dosage: Expectorant, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.), in solution. It is best to begin with small doses (0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain) which may be repeated hourly, care being taken to avoid too great depression.

Vinum Antimonii (Vin. Antimon.), Wine of Antimony, N.F.—Antimony and potassium tartrate (0.4%), in water and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Antimonii Oxidum (Antim. Oxid.), Antimony Oxide, N.F.—Antimonous oxide, Sb₂O₃.

A white or grayish-white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Obsolete nauseant, emetic and cathartic. Action uncertain and possibly toxic.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).

Pulvis Antimonialis (Pulv. Antimon.), Antimonial Powder, N.F. (James’ Powder).—Antimonous oxide (33%) and precipitated calcium phosphate.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Antimonium Sulphuratum (Antim. Sulphurat.), Sulphurated Antimony, N.F. (Antimonium Oxysulphuratum, Kermes Mineral).—Chiefly antimony trisulphide, Sb₂S₃.

A red-brown, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Mineral cathartic, without advantage over calomel. Has no special action on the bile, as was formerly supposed.[Pg 31]

Pilulae Antimonii Compositae (Pil. Antimon. Co.), Compound Pills of Antimony, N.F. (Plummer’s Pills).—Each pill contains sulphurated antimony and mild mercurous chloride (each 0.04 Gm. or 2/3 grain), guaiac (0.08 Gm. or 1-1/3 grains), and castor oil.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

*Antipyrina (Antipyr.), Antipyrine, U.S.P. (Phenazone, Phenyldimethylpyrazolon).

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

Action and Uses: Antipyretic and analgesic, similar to acetanilid.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution, given with even greater caution than acetanilid and acetphenetidin.

Apii Fructus (Apii Fruct.), Celery Fruit, N.F. (Celery Seed).

Action and Uses: Domestic emmenagogue, depending for its action on the volatile oil.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Apii Fructi (Fldext. Apii Fruct.), Fluidextract of Celery Fruit, N.F.—Celery fruit (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Apocynum (Apocyn.), Apocynum, N.F. (Canadian Hemp).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group; unreliable as to rate of absorption.

Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Apocyni (Fldext. Apocyn.), Fluidextract of Apocynum, N.F. (Fluidextract of Canadian Hemp).—Apocynum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (N.F.).

*Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum (Apomorph. Hydrochl.), Apomorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Apomorphine Chloride).

White powder, becoming greenish on exposure to light and air, odorless and with a slightly bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:50) and in alcohol (1:50).

Action and Uses: Prompt, centrally acting emetic, especially adapted for hypodermic administration. Rarely used as nauseant expectorant.[Pg 32]

Dosage: Expectorant 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.). Probably too large; 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain is said to have produced death in a person enfeebled by chronic bronchitis. From 0.001 Gm. to 0.002 Gm., or 1/60 to 1/30 grain, repeated once an hour or once in two hours, is safer. Emetic, by mouth (hypodermic administration is better), 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Emetic, hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). This may be repeated at ten-minute intervals until effective, but it should be remembered that in some cases apomorphin produces toxic effects without causing vomiting.

*Aqua (Aqua), Water, U.S.P.—H₂O.

Action and Uses: Solvent. The ingestion of large amounts is a very valuable eliminative measure.

*Aqua Destillata (Aq. Dest.), Distilled Water, U.S.P.—Water obtained by distillation.

Aqua Destillata Sterilisata (Aq. Dest. Steril.), Sterilized Distilled Water, U.S.P.—Should be used within forty-eight hours after its preparation.

AQUAE AROMATICAE, AROMATIC WATERS.—The official aromatic waters are aqueous solutions of volatile substances, usually volatile oils. They are used as vehicles for the more active water-soluble drugs. For preparations included in this list see under the names of the principal constituents. For the following, see under the names of the respective oils: Aqua Amygdalae Amarae, Aqua Foeniculi, Aqua Menthae Piperitae and Aqua Menthae Viridis.

Aralia (Aralia), Aralia, N.F. (American Spikenard, Spignet).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Obsolete irritant, diaphoretic and “alterative.” Probably without value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Araliae (Fldext. Aral.), Fluidextract of Aralia, N.F.—Aralia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Argenti Nitras (Arg. Nit.), Silver Nitrate, U.S.P.—AgNO₃.

Colorless plates, darkening on exposure to light in the presence of organic matter; odorless; strongly caustic and having a bitter, metallic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and soluble in alcohol (1:30). Incompatible especially with chlorides and organic matter.

Action and Uses: Externally as a caustic, antiseptic and germicide; internally as an astringent.[Pg 33]

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.), diluted or in kaolin pills. The concentrations of solutions for local use vary from 0.01 to 10 per cent., according to the sensitiveness of the surface and the degree of action desired. Distilled water should be used in making the solutions.

*Argenti Nitras Fusus (Arg. Nit. Fus.), Molded Silver Nitrate, U.S.P. (Fused Silver Nitrate, Lunar Caustic).—AgNO₃ toughened by the addition of a small proportion of silver chloride.

White, hard pencils or cones.

Argenti Oxidum (Arg. Oxid.), Silver Oxide, U.S.P.—Ag₂O.

A heavy, odorless, brownish-black powder with a metallic taste. Only slightly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Astringent in gastric ulcer. Probably inefficient.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Arnica (Arnic.), Arnica, U.S.P. (Arnica Flowers).

Action and Uses: Feeble rubefacient. Still used externally to some extent in the form of a tincture mixed with water as an evaporating lotion. The chief active ingredient of the tincture is probably its alcohol.

Fluidextractum Arnicae (Fldext. Arnic.), Fluidextract of Arnica, N.F.—Arnica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Tinctura Arnicae (Tr. Arnic.), Tincture of Arnica, U.S.P.—Arnica (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Arseni Iodidum (Arsen. Iod.), Arsenous Iodide, U.S.P. (Arsenic Iodide).—AsI₃.

An orange-red, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:12) with partial decomposition; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of arsenic trioxide, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

*Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi (Liq. Arsen. et Hydrarg. Iod.), Solution of Arsenous and Mercuric Iodide, U.S.P. (Donovan’s Solution).—Arsenous iodide and red mercuric iodide (each 1%) in water.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

*Arseni Trioxidum (Arsen. Triox.), Arsenic Trioxide, U.S.P. [Pg 34](Arsenous Acid, Arsenous Oxide, White Arsenic).—As₂O₃.

Amorphous, glassy masses or white, crystalline masses or powder. Slowly soluble in water (about 1:100), slightly soluble in alcohol and ether and freely soluble in glycerine. Readily dissolved by hydrochloric acid or by alkaline solutions.

Action and Uses: Believed to modify nutrition. Used as tonic in anemias, nervous diseases, etc., in skin diseases and in some forms of malaria. Externally, a mild escharotic, but the danger of poisoning prevents its general use. Likely to produce nephritis. A very common poison.

Dosage: 0.002 Gm. or 1/30 grain (U.S.P.), in pills or solutions.

*Liquor Acidi Arsenosi (Liq. Acid. Arsen.), Solution of Arsenous Acid, U.S.P. (Hydrochloric Solution of Arsenic, “Solution of Arsenic Chloride”).—Arsenic trioxide (1%) in diluted hydrochloric acid (5%) and water.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims.

*Asafoetida (Asafoet.), Asafetida, U.S.P. (Gum Asafetida).—A gum resin.

Should be 60% soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as a carminative and also in the treatment of hysteria, the action being psychic.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.

Emulsum Asafoetidae (Emuls. Asafoet.), Emulsion of Asafetida, U.S.P. (Milk of Asafetida).—Asafetida (4%) in water.

Uses: Used especially as enema in tympanites.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Asafoetidae (Pil. Asafoet.), Pills of Asafetida, U.S.P.—Each pill contains asafoetida (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains), and soap.

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Asafoetidae (Tr. Asafoet.), Tincture of Asafetida, U.S.P.—Asafetida (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 81 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Asarum (Asar.) Asarum, N.F. (Canada Snake-Root. Wild Ginger).—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: Carminative and flavor; similar to but without advantage over ginger.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Asari Compositus (Syr. Asar. Co.), Compound Syrup of Asarum, N.F.—Asarum (6.2%), fluidextract[Pg 35] of ipecac (0.3%), alcohol, cochineal and potassium carbonate in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Asclepias (Asclep.), Asclepias, N.F. (Pleurisy Root).

Action and Uses: Obsolete domestic remedy for pleurisy, also used as diaphoretic. Probably without value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Asclepiadis (Fldext. Asclepiad.), Fluidextract of Asclepias, N.F.—Asclepias (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Aspidium (Aspidium), Aspidium, U.S.P. (Male Fern).—The rhizome of certain ferns.

Action and Uses: Used as a teniacide in the form of oleoresin.

*Oleoresina Aspidii (Oleores. Aspid.), Oleoresin of Aspidium, U.S.P. (Oleoresin of Male Fern).

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (total dose in a day, U.S.P.), which may be given singly or in repeated, divided doses, at intervals of fifteen minutes, in capsules containing 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains, or in emulsion. Larger doses may be given to robust persons. Special caution is necessary in giving it to anemic or debilitated persons. The patient should be prepared by a light diet or fasting for twenty-four hours. The drug should be given early in the morning, preceded by a saline cathartic, and the last dose followed in three hours by a saline laxative. Caution:—Castor oil or other fixed oils should not be used in connection with oleoresin of aspidium, as they favor the absorption of the active principle.

Aspidosperma (Aspidosp.), Aspidosperma, U.S.P. (Quebracho).—A bark.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended in dyspneic conditions. Value doubtful.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Aspidospermatis (Fldext. Aspidosp.), Fluidextract of Aspidosperma, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Quebracho).—Aspidosperma (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Atropina (Atrop.), Atropine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from belladonna and some other plants of the nightshade family.[Pg 36]

A white, odorless powder. Slightly soluble in water (1:455), but freely soluble in alcohol (1:2).

Action and Uses: Atropine and the related alkaloids paralyze the parasympathetic endings. They are used especially as mydriatics and cycloplegics, to suppress secretions, as in gastric hyperacidity, and to quicken the heart, regulate peristalsis, lessen bronchial spasm, etc.

Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Atropinae (Oleat. Atrop.), Oleate of Atropine, N.F.—Atropine (2%), in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.

*Atropinae Sulphas (Atrop. Sulph.), Atropine Sulphate, U.S.P.

White, odorless powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and in alcohol (1:5).

Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).

Aurantii Amari Cortex (Aurant. Amar. Cort.), Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Aromatic bitter stomachic, used principally as a flavoring.

Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari (Fldext. Aurant. Amar.), Fluidextract of Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.—Bitter orange peel (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Tinctura Aurantii Amari (Tr. Aurant. Amar.), Tincture of Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.—Bitter orange peel (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Vinum Aurantii Compositum (Vin. Aurant. Co.), Compound Wine of Orange, N.F. (Elixir Aurantiorum Compositum, Compound Elixir of Orange).—Bitter orange peel, absinthium, menyanthes, cascarilla, Saigon cinnamon and gentian, extracted with potassium carbonate in sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Uses: Objectionable alcoholic “bitter.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Aurantii Dulcis Cortex (Aurant Dulc. Cort.), Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

Syrupus Aurantii (Syr. Aurant.), Syrup of Orange, U.S.P.—Tincture of sweet orange peel in syrup.[Pg 37]

Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis (Tr. Aurant. Dulc.), Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P.—Sweet orange peel from fresh fruit (50%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Aurantii Flores, Bitter Orange Flowers.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

Aqua Aurantii Florum (Aq. Aurant. Flor.), Orange Flower Water, U.S.P.—Stronger orange flower water in water.

Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior (Aq. Aurant. Flor. Fort.), Stronger Orange Flower Water, U.S.P.—Prepared by distillation of bitter orange flowers with water. Must be free from mucilaginous growths.

Syrupus Aurantii Florum (Syr. Aurant. Flor.), Syrup of Orange Flowers, U.S.P.—Sugar in orange flower water.

Auri et Sodii Chloridum (Aur. et Sod. Chlor.), Gold and Sodium Chloride, U.S.P.—Equal parts of AuCl₃ and NaCl.

An orange-yellow, odorless, deliquescent powder with a saline, metallic taste. Very soluble in water.

Action and Uses: Preparations of gold have been employed in medicine for the most varied conditions without any real evidence of usefulness.

Dosage: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

*Balsamum Peruvianum (Bals. Peruv.), Balsam of Peru, U.S.P. (Peru Balsam).

Dark brown, viscid liquid, with a vanilla-like odor and a bitter, acrid taste. Soluble in alcohol or chloroform; only partially soluble in ether or petroleum benzin; practically insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: Externally in the form of ointments or alcoholic solutions as a stimulant to indolent wounds and ulcers and in the treatment of scabies.

*Balsamum Tolutanum (Bals. Tolu.), Balsam of Tolu, U.S.P. (Tolu Balsam).

Yellowish-brown or brown, plastic solid, becoming brittle when old, dried or exposed to cold, and having a vanilla-like odor and a mild, aromatic taste. Insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, chloroform and ether.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended as an expectorant; used chiefly in the form of the syrup, which is little more than a pleasantly flavored vehicle.

*Syrupus Tolutanus (Syr. Tolu.), Syrup of Tolu, U.S.P.—Tincture of tolu (5%) in syrup.[Pg 38]

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Tolutana (Tr. Tolu.), Tincture of Tolu, U.S.P.—Balsam of tolu (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Baptisia (Baptis.), Baptisia, N.F. (Wild Indigo Root).

Action and Uses: Without any definite known action; formerly used in typhoid fever and diseases showing similar symptoms.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Baptisiae (Fldext. Baptis.), Fluidextract of Baptisia, N.F.—Baptisia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Belladonnae Folia (Bellad. Fol.), Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P. (Deadly Nightshade Leaves, Belladonnae Folium, P.I.).—Yield not less than 0.3 per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine (which see) contained therein.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

*Emplastrum Belladonnae (Emp. Bellad.), Belladonna Plaster, U.S.P.—Extract of belladonna leaves (30%), yielding about 0.37 per cent. of alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Applied in the treatment of rheumatic and similar pains.

*Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum (Ext. Bellad. Fol.), Extract of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P.—One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. belladonna leaves and yields about 1.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Two forms: pilular extract of belladonna leaves and powdered extract of belladonna leaves.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Belladonnae Foliorum (Tr. Bellad. Fol.), Tincture of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P. (Belladonnae Tinctura, P.I.)—Belladonna leaves (10%) yielding about 0.03 per cent. of alkaloids in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

Dosage: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.).

*Unguentum Belladonnae (Ung. Bellad.), Belladonna Ointment, U.S.P.—Pilular extract of belladonna leaves (10%) in diluted alcohol, hydrous wool fat and benzoinated lard.[Pg 39]

Belladonnae Radix (Bellad. Rad.), Belladonna Root, U.S.P. (Deadly Nightshade Root).—Yields not less than 0.45 per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine (which see) contained therein.

Dosage: 0.045 Gm. or 3/4 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Belladonnae Radicis (Fldext. Bellad. Rad.), Fluidextract of Belladonna Root, U.S.P.—Belladonna root (100%) yielding about 0.45 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

Linimentum Belladonnae (Lin. Bellad.), Belladonna Liniment, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of belladonna root (about 95%) and camphor (5%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Uses: A mildly analgesic and rubefacient application.

Benzaldehydum (Benzaldehyd.), Benzaldehyde, U.S.P.—Produced synthetically or obtained from oil of bitter almonds.

A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a bitter-almond odor and a burning, aromatic taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol, ether, and fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

Dosage: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

Benzinum Purificatum (Benzin. Purif.), Purified Petroleum Benzin, U.S.P. (Petroleum Ether).

A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal or faint petroleum odor; highly inflammable. Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and miscible with ether, chloroform, volatile oils and fixed oils with the exception of castor oil.

Action and Uses: Pharmaceutic solvent.

*Benzoinum (Benzoin.), Benzoin, U.S.P. (Gum Benjamin).—A balsamic resin.

Action and Uses: Used locally to promote healing, and in inhalations as an expectorant.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Benzoini (Tr. Benz.), Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P.—Benzoin (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Benzoini Composita (Tr. Benz. Co.), Compound Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P.—Benzoin (10%), aloes[Pg 40] (2%), storax (8%), balsam of tolu (4%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Uses: Protective and local stimulant, especially by inhalation.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Benzosulphinidum (Benzosulphinid.), Benzosulphinide, U.S.P. (Saccharin, Glusidum).

A white, nearly odorless powder with an intensely sweet taste even in dilute solutions. Slightly soluble (1:290) in water and soluble (1:31) in alcohol and readily dissolved by ammonia water or by a solution of alkali hydroxides or of sodium bicarbonate.

Action and Uses: Sweetening agent in diabetes mellitus; about 500 times as sweet as sugar, weight for weight.

Berberis (Berber.), Berberis, N.F. (Oregon Grape Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Probably similar to, but without advantage over, hydrastis.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Berberidis (Fldext. Berberid.), Fluidextract of Berberis, N.F.—Berberis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Betaeucainae Hydrochloridum (Betaeucain. Hydrochl.), Betaeucaine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Eucaine Chloride, Eucaine; also known as Benzamine Hydrochloride).

A white, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:30) and in alcohol (1:35).

Action and Uses: Local anesthetic.

Dosage: In a 2 or 3 per cent. solution for the eye or 5 to 10 per cent. solution for the nose and throat.

*Betanaphthol (Betanaph.), Betanaphthol, U.S.P. (Naphthol).

Colorless or pale buff crystalline laminae or white or yellowish powder, with a faint phenol odor and a pungent taste. Only slightly soluble in water (1:1000) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

Action and Uses: Antiseptic, somewhat stronger than phenol and less toxic. Used in skin affections, and as intestinal antiseptic and anthelmintic for hookworm.

Dosage: Internally, 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.). Externally as a 3 to 5 per cent. ointment.

Pasta Betanaphtholis (Past. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol Paste, N.F. (Lassar’s Naphthol Paste).—Betanaphthol[Pg 41] (10%) and precipitated sulphur (50%) in petrolatum and soft soap.

Petroxolinum Betanaphtholis (Petrox. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol Petroxolin, N.F. (Betanaphthol Petrox).—Betanaphthol (10%) in liquid petroxolin.

Bismuthi Betanaphtholas (Bism. Betanaph.), Bismuth Betanaphthol, U.S.P. (Bismuth Betanaphtholate; also sold as Orphol).—Of somewhat varying composition.

A buff-colored or grayish-brown, nearly odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as an intestinal antiseptic, being decomposed into its constituents in the intestine, where it exerts the effects of bismuth salts and of betanaphthol.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras (Bism. et Ammon. Cit.), Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate, U.S.P. (Bismuth Ammoniocitrate).

Shining, pearly or translucent, odorless scales or white powder, with a metallic taste. Very soluble in water and sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Somewhat astringent and irritating; should not be used as a substitute for the insoluble salts of bismuth. Its use in “bismuth elixirs” is irrational.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras, Bismuth and Sodium Tartrate.

Uses: An irrational method of administering bismuth.

Elixir Bismuthi (Elix. Bismuth.), Elixir of Bismuth, N.F.—Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in glycerin, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Bism.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Bismuth, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Bismuthi, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Iron and Bismuth).—Glycerite of bismuth (6.5%), elixir of cinchona, alkaloids and iron (about 87%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 17 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Glyceritum Bismuthi (Glycer. Bismuth.), Glycerite of Bismuth, N.F.—A solution of bismuth and sodium tartrate.[Pg 42]

Liquor Bismuthi (Liq. Bism.), Solution of Bismuth, N.F.—Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).

Bismuthi Oxidum, Bismuth Oxide.

Magma Bismuthi (Magma Bism.), Bismuth Magma, U.S.P. (Milk of Bismuth).—A suspension in water of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth subcarbonate, forming a thick, white opaque liquid.

Uses: Used similarly to bismuth subcarbonate, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Bismuthi Subcarbonas (Bism. Subcarb.), Bismuth Subcarbonate, U.S.P.—Of varying chemical composition.

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used like other insoluble salts of bismuth as a protective and healing agent against wounds, diarrheas, etc., and in x-ray work.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in powders or cachets or in suspension (best form).

*Bismuthi Subgallas (Bism. Subgall.), Bismuth Subgallate, U.S.P. (Dermatol).—A basic bismuth gallate of varying chemical composition.

Bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of bismuth subcarbonate, over which it has no advantage.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

*Bismuthi Subnitras (Bism. Subnit.), Bismuth Subnitrate, U.S.P.—Basic bismuth nitrate of varying chemical composition.

A heavy, white, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. In aqueous mixtures, incompatible with alkali carbonates because of the liberation of nitric acid.

Action and Uses: Somewhat more astringent than the subcarbonate, because of the liberation of nitric acid.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.). Preferably administered as a powder or as cachets.

Bismuthi Subsalicylas (Bism. Subsalicyl.), Bismuth Subsalicylate, U.S.P.—Basic bismuth salicylate, of varying chemical composition.[Pg 43]

A white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Protective and astringent like other insoluble salts of bismuth, over which it has no marked advantage.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Boldo (Boldo), Boldo, N.F. (Boldo Leaves).

Action and Uses: Aromatic, perhaps somewhat diuretic. No well defined indications for its use.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Boldi (Fldext. Boldi), Fluidextract of Boldo, N.F.—Boldo (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Brayera (Brayer.), Brayera, N.F. (Kousso, Cusso).—Flowers.

Action and Uses: Teniacide; without advantage over aspidium or pelletierine.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).

Infusum Brayerae (Inf. Brayer.), Infusion of Brayera, N.F.—Brayera (6%) in water.

Dosage: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).

Bromoformum (Bromof.), Bromoform, U.S.P.—CHBr₃.

A heavy, clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a sweet taste resembling that of chloroform. Slightly soluble in water and miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether or fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended as a sedative in the treatment of whooping-cough. Opinions differ as to its value.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), preferably dissolved in almond oil or dropped on sugar. Bromoform is too dense to be dispensed safely with aqueous vehicles.

Bromum (Bromum), Bromine, N.F.—Br.

Heavy, dark, brownish-red, volatile liquid, with a suffocating odor resembling that of chlorine. Soluble in water (1:90) and freely soluble in alcohol or ether.

Action and Uses: Violent irritant; seldom used in medicine.

Liquor Bromi (Liq. Brom.), Solution of Bromine, N.F., (Smith’s Solution of Bromine).—Bromine (8.3%), potassium bromide and water.

Uses: Antiseptic and irritant.[Pg 44]

Bryonia (Bryon.), Bryonia, N.F. (Bryony).—Root.

Action and Uses: Drastic resinous cathartic; without advantage over jalap. Used in dropsies, pleurisy, neuralgia, etc.; of doubtful value.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Bryoniae (Tr. Bryon.), Tincture of Bryonia, N.F.—Bryonia (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Buchu (Buchu), Buchu, U.S.P. (Buchu Leaves, Short Buchu, Long Buchu).

Action and Uses: At one time largely used as antiseptic and diuretic, especially in catarrhal cystitis. Value doubtful.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Buchu (Elix. Buchu), Elixir of Buchu, N.F.—Fluidextract of buchu (12.5%) in alcohol and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Elixir Buchu Compositum (Elix. Buchu Co.), Compound Elixir of Buchu, N.F.—Compound fluidextract of buchu (25%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Elixir Buchu et Potassii Acetatis (Elix. Buchu et Pot. Acet.), Elixir of Buchu and Potassium Acetate, N.F.—Potassium acetate (8.5%) and elixir of buchu. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Fluidextractum Buchu (Fldext. Buchu), Fluidextract of Buchu, U.S.P.—Buchu (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Buchu Compositum (Fldext. Buchu Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Buchu, N.F.—Buchu (62.5%), cubeb, juniper and uva ursi (each 12.5%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Uses: A needlessly complex diuretic mixture.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Cacao Praeparata (Cacao Praep.), Cocoa, N.F. (Prepared Cacao, Soluble Cocoa).

Action and Uses: Beverage and flavor.[Pg 45]

Cactus Grandiflorus (Cact. Grand.), Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F. (Night Blooming Cereus).—Fresh stems.

Action and Uses: Used in neurotic heart disturbances; results probably imaginary. Drug apparently inactive.

Tinctura Cacti Grandiflori (Tr. Cact. Grand.), Tincture of Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F.—Cactus grandiflorus (50%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Caffeina (Caffein.), Caffeine, U.S.P. (Theine).—An alkaloid obtained from coffee or tea.

White, silky, efflorescent needles, odorless and bitter. Soluble in water (1:46) and in alcohol (1:66).

Action and Uses: Diuretic; cardiac, respiratory and psychic stimulant. Used as a nerve stimulant in poisoning by narcotic drugs and for the relief of headache. Widely used to combat the circulatory depression of the acute infectious diseases but its value in such conditions is uncertain. As a diuretic probably inferior to theobromine.

Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), in capsules.

Caffeina Citrata (Caffein Cit.), Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P.—Caffeine and citric acid equal parts.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter, acid taste.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or capsules.

Caffeina Citrata Effervescens (Caff. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P.—Contains anhydrous caffeine (about 2%), with sodium tartrate and citrate.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.) in water.

*Caffeinae Sodio-Benzoas (Caff. Sod. Benz.), Caffeine Sodio-Benzoate, U.S.P.—Caffeine and sodium benzoate about equal parts.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:30); partly soluble in chloroform.

Action and Uses: The form of caffeine usually employed for hypodermic administration, since it is freely soluble.

Dosage: By mouth, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

Caffeinae Sodio-Salicylas (Caff. Sod. Salicyl.), Caffeine Sodio-Salicylate, N.F.—Represents equal parts of caffeine and sodium salicylate.

White, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water (1:2).

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).[Pg 46]

Calamina Praeparata (Calamin. Praep.), Prepared Calamine, N.F. (Lapis Calaminaris).—Native zinc carbonate.

A pink powder. Insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: Protective, similar to zinc oxide, over which it has no therapeutic advantage; has the cosmetic advantage of being slightly pink.

Unguentum Calaminae (Ung. Calamin.), Calamine Ointment, N.F. (Unguentum Zinci Carbonatis Crudi, Unguentum Calaminare, Turner’s Cerate).—Prepared calamine (17%) in ointment.

Calcii Bromidum (Calc. Brom.), Calcium Bromide, U.S.P.—Hydrated calcium bromide (not less than 84 per cent. of CaBr₂).

A white, odorless, deliquescent powder, with a sharp, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3). Incompatible with alkali carbonates and phosphates.

Action and Uses: Similar to but more irritant than sodium bromide, over which it has ordinarily no advantage, although the calcium perhaps increases the sedative action.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, preferably administered in aqueous solutions, being too deliquescent for use in powder or cachets.

Elixir Calcii Bromidi (Elix. Calc. Brom.), Elixir of Calcium Bromide, N.F.—Calcium bromide (8.5%), diluted hydrobromic acid (0.4%), syrup, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus (Calc. Carb. Praec.), Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, U.S.P. (Precipitated Chalk).—CaCO₃.

A fine, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Decomposed by acids with evolution of carbon dioxide.

Action and Uses: Chiefly used as a basis for tooth powder. Internally, employed as an antacid in diarrheas, etc.; externally in mixtures with cream or oil, has been used as an application to burns as an antacid and protective.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), as powder or in suspension.[Pg 47]

*Calcii Chloridum (Calc. Chlor.), Calcium Chloride, U.S.P.—Hydrated calcium chloride (not less than 75 per cent. of CaCl₂).

White, hard, deliquescent, odorless masses or granules, with a sharp, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.62), and freely soluble in alcohol (1:10).

Action and Uses: Used for the oral administration of calcium. Employed in hemorrhagic conditions, in which it is probably useless. Has also been advised in inflammatory conditions of the skin and mucous membranes (urticaria, serum-rashes, hay-fever, etc.).

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Calcii Glycerophosphas (Calc. Glycerophos.), Calcium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P. (Calcium Glycerinophosphate).—CaC₃H₇O₆P.

White, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Soluble in water (1:50) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Formerly believed to be a tonic, and used especially in neurasthenia, to improve the nutrition of the nervous system. There is no reliable evidence that it has any value.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Elixir Calcii et Sodii Glycerophosphatum (Elix. Calc. et Sod. Glycerophos.), Elixir of Calcium and Sodium Glycerophosphates, N.F. (Elixir Glycerophosphatum N.F. III).—Solution of sodium glycerophosphate (2.5%), calcium glycerophosphate (0.875%), phosphoric acid (0.8%), in glycerin, aromatic elixir and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

Uses: An irrational and inefficient “tonic” mixture.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Calcii Hypophosphis (Calc. Hypophos.), Calcium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.—Ca(PH₂O₂)₂.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a nauseous, bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:6.5) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: The hypophosphites were introduced as of special value in tuberculosis; later they were used as general reconstructive tonics, but there is no experimental or reliable clinical evidence that the hypophosphite radical has any value as such. Calcium hypophosphite must be regarded merely as a means of administering calcium.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in syrups.[Pg 48]

Elixir Calcii Hypophosphitis (Elix. Calc. Hypophos.), Elixir of Calcium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Hypophosphitum (Elix. Hypophos.), Elixir of Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (5.25%), sodium hypophosphite and potassium hypophosphite (each 1.75%) in water, glycerin, compound spirit of cardamom and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri.—See under Ferri Hypophosphis.

Liquor Hypophosphitum (Liq. Hypophos.), Solution of Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), sodium hypophosphite (2%) and potassium hypophosphite (1.75%) in water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Liquor Hypophosphitum Compositus (Liq. Hypophos. Co.), Compound Solution of Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite and potassium hypophosphite (each 0.85%), sodium hypophosphite (0.22%), ferric hypophosphite (0.44%) and manganese hypophosphite (0.22%), quinine hypophosphite (0.22%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.007%) and potassium citrate in orange flower water, glycerin and water.

Uses: Complex and irrational mixture.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Calcii et Sodii Hypophosphitum (Syr. Calc. et Sod. Hypophos.), Syrup of Calcium and Sodium Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 3.5%), in sugar and water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).

Syrupus Calcii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Calc. Hypophos.), Syrup of Calcium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in sugar and water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Hypophosphitum (Syr. Hypophos.), Syrup of Hypophosphites, U.S.P.—Calcium hypophosphite (4.5%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.5%) in glycerin and syrup.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).[Pg 49]

Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus (Syr. Hypophos. Co.), Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), ferric hypophosphite and manganese hypophosphite (each 0.225%), quinine (0.11%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.0123%) and sodium citrate (0.375%) in glycerin and syrup.

Uses: Antiquated, complex and irrational “tonic.”

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Calcii Iodidum, Calcium Iodide.

Syrupus Calcii Iodidi (Syr. Calc. Iodid.), Syrup of Calcium Iodide, N.F.—Represents calcium iodide (8.75%) in syrup.

Uses: Superfluous, whether regarded as a calcium preparation or as an iodide preparation.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims.

*Calcii Lactas (Calc. Lact.), Calcium Lactate, U.S.P.—Ca(C₃H₅O₃)₂ + 5H₂O.

White, odorless, practically tasteless masses or powder. Soluble in water (1:20) and almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used for the characteristic action of calcium; less irritating and therefore better adapted to hypodermic administration than calcium chloride (which see).

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

Calcii Lactophosphas (Calc. Lactophos.), Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.—A mixture of calcium lactate and calcium acid lactate with calcium acid phosphate.

White, odorless powder. Soluble in water; almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to but without advantage over the lactate. Not adapted to hypodermic use.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix. Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.—Calcium lactophosphate (3%) in compound spirit of orange, syrup, alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent. Small and probably inefficient quantities of calcium.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix. Cinchon., Ferr. et Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of[Pg 50] Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.—(Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Iron and Lactophosphate of Lime).—Syrup of calcium lactophosphate (50%), potassium citrate (3%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Uses: An irrational mixture, supposed to present seven active ingredients.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Lactophos.), Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate, U.S.P.—Made by dissolving precipitated calcium carbonate (2.5%) in lactic acid (6%), phosphoric acid (3.6%) and a syrup containing orange flower water.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis et Ferri (Syr. Calc. Lactophos. et Ferr.), Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate and Iron, N.F.—Ferrous lactate and potassium citrate (each 0.85%) and syrup of calcium lactophosphate (about 99%).

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus (Calc. Phos. Praec.), Precipitated Calcium Phosphate, N.F.—Ca₃(PO₄)₂.

A bulky, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Practically insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Precipitated calcium phosphate has been given in the form of powders or mixtures for its action as a calcium salt, which is similar to but without advantage over the action of the carbonate. Because of its insolubility it is now seldom used.

Uses: Similar to but without advantage over the carbonate.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Calcii Hydrochlorophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Hydrochlorophos.), Syrup of Calcium Hydrochlorophosphate, N.F. (Syrupus Calcii Chlorhydrophosphatis, N.F. III).—Precipitated calcium phosphate (1.75%) flavored with tincture of lemon peel and dissolved in hydrochloric acid, water and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Calcii Sulphidum Crudum (Calc. Sulphid. Crud.), Crude Calcium Sulphide, U.S.P. (Calx Sulphurata, U.S.P. VIII, Sulphurated Lime).—CaS (not less than 55%).[Pg 51]

A pale gray or yellowish powder, with a faint hydrogen sulphide odor and a nauseous, alkaline taste. Very slightly soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Externally, depilatory similar to barium sulphide. Internally has been used to arrest and prevent suppuration especially in boils, carbuncles and pustular acne. There is no reliable evidence of its therapeutic usefulness.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), in solution.

Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae (Liq. Calc. Sulphurat.), Solution of Sulphurated Lime, N.F. (Solution of Oxysulphuret of Calcium, Fleming’s Solution, Vleminckx’ Solution, Vleminckx’ Lotion).—A solution of calcium polysulphides and calcium thiosulphate produced by boiling together lime, sulphur and water.

Uses: Depilatory.

Calendula (Calend.), Calendula, N.F. (Marigold, Calendula Flowers).

Action and Uses: Locally, mild irritant, without material advantage over diluted alcohol. Internally, no definite indications for its use.

Fluidextractum Calendulae (Fldext. Calend.), Fluidextract of Calendula, N.F.—Calendula (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Tinctura Calendulae (Tr. Calend.), Tincture of Calendula, N.F.—Calendula (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Calumba (Calumb.), Calumba, U.S.P. (Columba, Columbo, Colombo).—A root.

Action and Uses: Used as a simple bitter and stomachic. It appears to have no advantage over other bitters, for instance, gentian.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.); usually given in the form of the tincture.

Fluidextractum Calumbae (Fldext. Calumb.), Fluidextract of Calumba, N.F.—Calumba (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Calumbae (Tr. Calumb.), Tincture of Calumba, U.S.P.—Calumba (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).[Pg 52]

*Calx (Calx), Calcium Oxide, U.S.P. (Lime, Quicklime).—CaO.

Hard, white, odorless masses with a caustic taste, forming with water calcium hydroxide, which is slightly soluble in water (1:84), insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: As liquor calcis (an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide), used as an antacid and mild alkali. As milk of lime (a mixture of calcium hydroxide and water), frequently used as a disinfectant.

*Linimentum Calcis (Lin. Calc.), Lime Liniment, U.S.P. (Carron Oil).—Lime water (50%) and linseed oil.

Uses: Topical application, used especially for burns.

*Liquor Calcis (Liq. Calc.), Solution of Calcium Hydroxide, U.S.P. (Lime Water).—Ca(OH)₂ (not less than 0.14%).

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms.

*Calx Chlorinata (Calx Chlorin.), Chlorinated Lime, U.S.P. (“Chloride of Lime”).—A compound of calcium chloride and hypochlorite containing not less than 30 per cent. of available chlorine.

A white or grayish-white powder having a chlorine-like odor and a repulsive saline taste. Partially soluble in water or alcohol. Decomposed by acids with liberation of chlorine.

Action and Uses: Disinfectant, especially for excreta. Should be used liberally and left in contact for at least one hour. Widely used for treating contaminated drinking water.

Cambogia (Cambog.), Gamboge, U.S.P. (Pipe Gamboge).—A gum resin.

Odorless, grayish-orange-brown pieces or bright yellow powder, with a very acrid taste. Not less than 65 per cent. soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: A powerful irritant hydragogue cathartic; not often employed alone. Usually administered in combination with other drugs.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.

*Camphora (Camph.), Camphor, U.S.P.—A volatile solid obtained from the camphor tree.

Tough, white, translucent masses with a pungent odor and taste. Slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether and fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Used hypodermically to stimulate the circulation and respiration in collapse. Opinions are[Pg 53] divided as to its efficiency. Locally, applied as a mild irritant and antiseptic.

Dosage: By mouth 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.). Hypodermic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), as 10 per cent. solution in oil.

*Aqua Camphorae (Aq. Camph.), Camphor Water, U.S.P.—A saturated solution of camphor in water.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Ceratum Camphorae (Cerat. Camph.), Camphor Cerate, N.F.—Camphor (2%), with cottonseed oil, white wax, white petrolatum and benzoinated lard.

Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum (Emp. Fusc. Camph.), Camphorated Brown Plaster, N.F. (Camphorated Motherplaster).—Camphor (1%), red oxide of lead, olive oil and yellow wax.

*Linimentum Camphorae (Lin. Camph.), Camphor Liniment, U.S.P. (Camphorated Oil).—Camphor (20%) in cottonseed oil.

Uses: Mild counterirritant. Note: This preparation, as found in drug stores, should never be used hypodermically.

Mistura Camphora Acida.—See under Opium.

Mistura Camphorae Aromatica.—See under Oleum Lavandulae.

*Spiritus Camphorae (Sp. Camph.), Spirit of Camphor, U.S.P.—Camphor (10%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Unguentum Camphorae (Ung. Camph.), Camphor Ointment, N.F.—Camphor (22%) in white wax and lard.

Unguentum Fuscum (Ung. Fusc.), Brown Ointment, N.F. (Unguentum Matris, Mother’s Salve).—Camphorated brown plaster (50%) olive oil and prepared suet.

Camphora Monobromata (Camph. Monobrom.), Monobromated Camphor, U.S.P.

Colorless crystals or white powder, with a mild camphoraceous odor and taste. Freely soluble in alcohol (1:6.5); almost insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: Formerly recommended as a sedative and hypnotic but now seldom used. Value doubtful.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Canella (Canell.), Canella, N.F.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Obsolete aromatic bitter, without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).[Pg 54]

Cannabis (Cannab.), Cannabis, U.S.P. (Cannabis Indica, U.S.P. VIII).—Flowering tops of Cannabis sativa (or var. indica).

Action and Uses: A narcotic poison, producing a mild delirium. Used in sedative mixtures, but of doubtful value. Also employed to color corn remedies.

Extractum Cannabis (Ext. Cannab.), Extract of Cannabis, U.S.P.—Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe extract of cannabis should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

Fluidextractum Cannabis (Fldext. Cannab.), Fluidextract of Cannabis, U.S.P.—Cannabis (100%). Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe fluidextract of cannabis should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

Tinctura Cannabis (Tr. Cannab.), Tincture of Cannabis, U.S.P. (Tinctura Cannabis Indicae, U.S.P. VIII).—Cannabis (10%) in alcohol. Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.). Those physicians who prescribe tincture of cannabis should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

*Cantharis (Canthar.), Cantharides, U.S.P. (Spanish Flies, Russian Flies).—A beetle.

Action and Uses: Externally, rubefacient and vesicant. Internally, genito-urinary irritant, often producing serious nephritis. Its internal use is probably never justified.

*Ceratum Cantharidis (Cerat. Canthar.), Cantharides Cerate, U.S.P. (Blistering Cerate).—Cantharides (35%) with turpentine, glacial acetic acid, yellow wax, rosin and benzoinated lard.

Collodium Cantharidatum (Collod. Canth.), Cantharidal Collodion, U.S.P. (Blistering Collodion, Vesicating Collodion).—The glacial acetic acid acetone extract from cantharides (60%) in flexible collodion.

Emplastrum Cantharidis (Emp. Canthar.), Cantharides Plaster, U.S.P.—Cantharides cerate spread on rosin[Pg 55] plaster. Each square centimeter of spread plaster contains 0.1 Gm. of cantharides cerate.

Uses: Convenient form for applying cantharides as a vesicant. Requires from six to eight hours to produce a blister. May produce poisoning by absorption through the skin.

*Tinctura Cantharidis (Tr. Canthar.), Tincture of Cantharides, U.S.P. (Cantharidis Tinctura P.I.).—Cantharides (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

*Capsicum (Capsic.), Capsicum, U.S.P. (Cayenne Pepper, African Chillies).—Fruit.

Action and Uses: Carminative and rubefacient; also stomachic, especially in alcoholic gastritis (as the tincture).

Emplastrum Capsici (Emp. Capsic.), Capsicum Plaster, U.S.P.—Oleoresin of capsicum spread on rubber plaster. Each 15 square cm. of spread plaster contains 0.25 Gm. of oleoresin of capsicum.

Oleoresina Capsici (Oleores. Capsic.), Oleoresin of Capsicum, U.S.P.—Highly irritant.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Capsici (Tr. Capsic.), Tincture of Capsicum, U.S.P.—Capsicum (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 88 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Capsici et Myrrhae (Tr. Capsic. et Myrrh.), Tincture of Capsicum and Myrrh, N.F. (Hot Drops, Thomsonian Number Six).—Capsicum (3%) and myrrh (12%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Caramel (Caram.), Caramel, N.F. (Saccharum Ustum, Burnt Sugar Coloring).

A dark brown, syrupy, somewhat bitter liquid. Soluble in water and in diluted alcohol; insoluble in 80 per cent. alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used in pharmacy as a brown coloring agent.

Tinctura Caramellis, Tincture of Caramel, N.F.—Caramel in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

*Carbo Ligni (Carbo Lig.), Wood Charcoal, U.S.P. (Charcoal).—Powdered wood charcoal.[Pg 56]

Action and Uses: Absorbent of gases and dissolved substances. Used internally against digestive disorders and vegetable poisons but of doubtful value. Locally employed as a deodorant, for fetid ulcers, usually in the form of a poultice.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, in powder or suspension.

Trochisci Carbonis Ligni (Troch. Carb. Lig.), Troches of Charcoal, N.F.—Charcoal with tragacanth, sugar and vanillin.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

*Cardamomi Semen (Cardam. Sem.), Cardamom Seed, U.S.P. (Cardamomum, U.S.P. VIII).

Action and Uses: Used as flavor and carminative. Frequently added to purgatives, as in the compound extract of colocynth, with the object of diminishing griping.

*Tinctura Cardamomi (Tr. Cardam.), Tincture of Cardamom, U.S.P.—Cardamom seed (15%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Cardamomi Composita (Tr. Cardamom. Co.), Compound Tincture of Cardamom, U.S.P.—Cardamom seed, Saigon cinnamon, caraway and cochineal in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Carminum (Carmin.), Carmine, N.F.—From cochineal.

Action and Uses: Used in pharmacy as a red coloring agent.

Liquor Carmini (Liq. Carmin.), Solution of Carmine, N.F.—Carmine in ammonia water, glycerin and water.

Caro, Beef.

Extractum Carnis (Ext. Carnis), Extract of Beef, N.F. (Beef Extract).—Residue from evaporation of beef broth.

Action and Uses: Stimulant and flavor; not a nutrient tonic, as was believed at one time. The “wines” are without real value and can easily be misused as beverages.

Vinum Carnis (Vin. Carn.), Wine of Beef, N.F. (Beef and Wine).—Extract of beef (3%) in water, syrup, alcohol, compound spirit of orange and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).[Pg 57]

Vinum Carnis et Ferri (Vin. Carn. et Ferr.), Wine of Beef and Iron, N.F. (Beef, Wine and Iron).—Extract of beef (3%), iron and ammonium citrate, water, syrup, alcohol, compound spirit of orange and sherry wine.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Carum (Carum), Caraway, U.S.P. (Carawayseed).

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative. Similar to anise and fennel.

*Caryophyllus (Caryoph.), Clove, U.S.P. (Cloves).

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative and counterirritant.

Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens (Pulv. Arom. Rubefac.), Rubefacient Spice Powder, N.F. (Replacing Emplastrum Aromaticum, N.F. III).—Clove, Saigon cinnamon, ginger and capsicum.

*Cascara Sagrada (Case. Sagr.), Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P. (Rhamnus Purshiana, U.S.P. VIII).—A bark.

Action and Uses: Laxative, acting mainly on the colon. Widely used for habitual constipation. Has little tendency to produce secondary constipation.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cascarae Sagradae (Elix. Cascar. Sagr.), Elixir of Cascara Sagrada, N.F. (Elixir Rhamni Purshianae, N.F. III).—Aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada (50%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Cascarae Sagradae Compositum (Elix. Cascar. Sagr. Co.), Compound Elixir of Cascara Sagrada, N.F. (Elixir Rhamni Purshianae Co., N.F. III, Laxative Elixir).—Aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada (12.5%), fluidextract of senna (7.5%), fluidextract of juglans (6.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 24 per cent.

Uses: Needlessly complicated laxative.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Extractum Cascarae Sagradae (Ext. Cascar. Sagr.), Extract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P. (Extractum Rhamni Purshianae, U.S.P. VIII, Powdered Extract of Cascara Sagrada).—One Gm. extract represents 3 Gm. cascara sagrada.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).[Pg 58]

*Fluidextractum Cascarae Sagradae (Fldext. Cascar. Sagr.), Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P. (Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae, U.S.P. VIII).—Cascara sagrada (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent. Bitter, unpleasant taste.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

*Fluidextractum Cascarae Sagradae Aromaticum (Fldext. Cascar. Sagr. Arom.), Aromatic Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P. (Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae Aromaticum, U.S.P. VIII).—Sweetened and flavored fluidextract. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent. Not so bitter, but less effective than the plain fluidextract.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidglyceratum Cascarae Sagradae (Fldglycer. Cascar. Sagr.), Fluidglycerate of Cascara Sagrada, N.F.—Cascara sagrada (100%) in water and glycerin.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Fluidglyceratum Cascarae Sagradae Aromaticum (Fldglycer. Cascar. Sagr. Arom.), Aromatic Fluidglycerate of Cascara Sagrada, N.F.—Cascara sagrada (75%) and fluidglycerate of glycyrrhiza (25%) with oils of fennel, clove and cinnamon, in water and glycerin.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Cascarilla (Cascarill.), Cascarilla, N.F. (Sweetwood Bark, Sweet Bark).

Action and Uses: Aromatic bitter, without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Cassia Fistula (Cass. Fist.), Cassia Fistula, N.F. (Purging Cassia).—Dried fruit.

Action and Uses: Obsolete laxative, without advantage over senna.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Castanea (Castan.), Castanea, N.F. (Chestnut Leaves).

Action and Uses: Astringent; no definite indications for its use.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Castaneae (Fldext. Castan.), Fluidextract of Chestnut Leaves, N.F.—Chestnut leaves (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).[Pg 59]

CATAPLASMATA, POULTICES.—Poultices are soft solid preparations used for the purpose of applying heat and moisture to localized areas of the body. Poultices may also be made the means of applying counterirritant drugs.

Cataria (Catar.), Catnep, N.F. (Catmint).—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative, without advantage over peppermint.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Catariae (Fldext. Catar.), Fluidextract of Catnep, N.F.—Catnep (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Caulophyllum (Caulophyl.), Caulophyllum, N.F. (Blue Cohosh, Papoose Root, Squaw Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Said to be diuretic and emmenagogue; has not been adequately studied.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Caulophylli (Fldext. Caulophyl.), Fluidextract of Caulophyllum, N.F.—Caulophyllum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Centaurium (Centaur.), Centaury, N.F.—Flowering plant.

Action and Uses: Bitter stomachic; without advantage over gentian. Also used in “female remedies,” but probably useless.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

*Cera Alba (Cer. Alb.), White Wax, U.S.P.—Yellow wax bleached.

Action and Uses: Used in the preparation of emollient ointments, and to raise the melting point of mixtures of oils and fats.

Ceratum (Cerat.), Cerate, U.S.P. (Simple Cerate).—White wax (30%) and benzoinated lard.

*Cera Flava (Cer. Flav.), Yellow Wax, U.S.P. (Beeswax).

Action and Uses: Used in the making of plasters and of ointments in which the color is not objectionable.

CERATAE, CERATES.—Cerates are solid ointment-like preparations containing wax to prevent them from becoming soft at ordinary room temperature.[Pg 60]

Cerevisiae Fermentum Compressum (Cerev. Ferm. Compr.), Compressed Yeast, N.F.—The commercial compressed yeast.

Action and Uses: For use in making fermented milk (Lac Fermentatum), which see under Lac Vaccinum.

Cerii Oxalas (Cerii Oxal.), Cerium Oxalate, U.S.P.—A mixture of the oxalates of cerium, didymium, lanthanum, and other associated elements.

White or pinkish, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water, alcohol and ether.

Action and Uses: Formerly used for the treatment of chronic vomiting but probably without value.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.), in powders, cachets or capsules.

Cetaceum (Cetac.), Spermaceti, U.S.P.—A solid fat from the sperm whale.

White, nearly odorless, unctuous masses, with a bland, mild taste. Insoluble in water and nearly insoluble in cold alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as a component of cerates and cold creams.

CHARTAE, PAPERS.—Papers are pieces of unsized paper saturated with or pieces of hard-surfaced papers coated with a medicinal substance.

Chimaphila (Chimaph.), Chimaphila, N.F. (Pipsissewa).—Leaves.

Action and Uses: Obsolete; no definite indications for its use. Has been described as “tonic, astringent, diuretic.”

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Chimaphilae (Fldext. Chimaphil.), Fluidextract of Chimaphila, N.F.—Chimaphila (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Chionanthus (Chionanth.), Chionanthus, N.F. (Fringe Tree Bark).—Bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Obsolete; no definite indications for its use. Formerly used by eclectics and homeopaths in hepatic disorders and syphilis.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Chionanthi (Fldext. Chionanth.), Fluidextract of Chionanthus, N.F.—Chionanthus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).[Pg 61]

Chirata (Chirat.), Chirata, N.F. (Chiretta).—Plant.

Action and Uses: Bitter stomachic, similar to and without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Chiratae (Fldext. Chirat.), Fluidextract of Chirata, N.F.—Chirata (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Chloral Camphoratum (Chloral Camph.), Camphorated Chloral, N.F.—Equal parts of hydrated chloral and camphor.

An oily liquid with a camphoraceous odor.

Action and Uses: Local rubefacient and analgesic.

*Chloralum Hydratum (Chloral. Hydrat.), Hydrated Chloral, U.S.P. (“Chloral,” Chloral Hydrate).—CCl₃.CHO + H₂O.

Colorless, transparent crystals, with an aromatic, penetrating odor and a bitterish, caustic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.25) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

Action and Uses: A reliable hypnotic in moderate doses, inducing a condition closely resembling that of normal sleep. Used for the relief of insomnia and nervousness, and for the control of convulsions and spasms. Should be used with special caution in cases of weakened heart or blood vessels. Continued use is likely to produce a habit.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution. Decomposed by alkalies; should not be dispensed in liquids containing both bromides and alcohol.

Mistura Chloralis et Potassii Bromidi Composita (Mist. Chloral. et Pot. Brom. Co.), Compound Mixture of Chloral and Potassium Bromide, N.F. (Chloral and Bromide Compound).—Hydrated chloral (20%), potassium bromide (20%), extract of hyoscyamus (0.2%) in water. The formula calls for cannabis but this is filtered out.

Uses: Similar in composition to the widely advertised nostrum Bromidia and equally irrational and objectionable.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Chloroformum (Chlorof.), Chloroform, U.S.P.—CHCl₃.

A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a burning, sweet taste. Slightly soluble (1:210) in water and miscible with alcohol, ether, petroleum benzin or fixed or volatile oils. Decomposed by alkalies.

[Pg 62]

Action and Uses: General anesthetic, administered by inhalation. Locally, a penetrating and fairly powerful irritant. Frequently used in the form of liniments. Taken by mouth in small doses, carminative, anodyne and antiseptic. Larger doses are anthelmintic but dangerous. A direct cardiac depressant.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

*Aqua Chloroformi (Aq. Chlorof.), Chloroform Water, U.S.P.—A saturated solution of chloroform in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

*Linimentum Chloroformi (Lin. Chlorof.), Chloroform Liniment, U.S.P.—A mixture of chloroform (30%) and soap liniment. Fairly active counterirritant.

Mistura Chloroformi et Morphinae Composita (Mist. Chlorof. et Morph. Co.), Compound Mixture of Chloroform and Morphine, N.F. (Mistura Chloroformi et Cannabis Indicae Composita, N.F. III, Chloroform Anodyne).—Morphine sulphate (0.25%), chloroform (12.5%), ether (3.25%), tincture of cannabis (18.5%), tincture of capsicum, oil of peppermint, glycerin, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Uses: An evident imitation of the nostrum sold as chloranodyne, and equally irrational and objectionable.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Petroxolinum Chloroformi Camphoratum (Petrox. Chlorof. Camph.), Camphorated Chloroform Petroxolin, N.F. (Camphor and Chloroform Petrox).—Chloroform (25%), camphor (25%) and liquid petroxolin.

*Spiritus Chloroformi (Sp. Chlorof.), Spirit of Chloroform, U.S.P.—Chloroform (6%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Chlorum, Chlorine.—Cl.

Liquor Chlori Compositus (Liq. Chlor. Co.), Compound Solution of Chlorine, N.F. (Chlorine Water).—A solution containing chlorine, oxides of chlorine and hydrochloric acid made by treating potassium chlorate with hydrochloric acid and dissolving the gases produced in water.

Uses: Antiseptic.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Chondrus (Chondrus), Chondrus, U.S.P. (Irish Moss, Carrageen).—Plant.[Pg 63]

Action and Uses: Demulcent and lubricant, possessing no advantages over other gums, acacia, for instance.

Gelatinum Chondri (Gelat. Chondr.), Chondrus Gelatin, N.F. (Irish Moss Gelatin).—Obtained by extraction with hot water and evaporation to semifluid consistency.

Mucilago Chondri (Mucil. Chondr.), Mucilage of Chondrus, N.F. (Mucilage of Irish Moss).—Chondrus (3%) in water.

*Chromii Trioxidum (Chrom. Triox.), Chromium Trioxide, U.S.P. (“Chromic Acid,” Chromic Anhydride).—CrO₃.

Dark purplish-red, odorless, deliquescent crystals. Very soluble in water (1:0.6). Decomposes, sometimes with dangerous violence, when brought into contact with organic solvents like alcohol and glycerin. Incompatible with most organic substances.

Action and Uses: A powerful oxidizing agent and caustic. Its action is somewhat difficult to control.

*Chrysarobinum (Chrysarob.), Chrysarobin, U.S.P.—Neutral principles from Goa powder.

Brownish to orange-yellow, tasteless, odorless powder, irritating to the mucous membrane. Slightly soluble in alcohol (1:385), soluble in chloroform (1:12.5) and very slightly soluble in water.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic and antiparasitic; a powerful irritant to the skin, used chiefly in the treatment of psoriasis, trichophytosis and alopecia areata.

*Unguentum Chrysarobini (Ung. Chrysarobin.), Chrysarobin Ointment, U.S.P.—Chrysarobin (6%) in benzoinated lard.

Cimicifuga (Cimicif.), Cimicifuga, U.S.P. (Black Snake-root, Black Cohosh, Macrotys).—A rhizome.

Action and Uses: One of the class of “domestic medicines” that were tried for a great variety of conditions (used as “stomachic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant”), but which have not been found to possess definite value.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Cimicifugae (Ext. Cimicif.), Extract of Cimicifuga, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Cimicifuga).—One Gm. extract represents 4 Gm. cimicifuga.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Cimicifuga (Fldext. Cimicif.), Fluidextract of Cimicifuga, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Black Cohosh, Fluidextract of Black Snakeroot).—Cimicifuga (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).[Pg 64]

Syrupus Cimicifugae Compositus (Syr. Cimicif. Co.), Compound Syrup of Cimicifuga, N.F. (Syrupus Actaeae Compositus, N.F. III, Compound Syrup of Actaea).—Fluidextract of cimicifuga (4%), fluidextract of senega (2%), fluidextract of ipecac (1%), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza, wild cherry, sugar and water. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Uses: Complex expectorant.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Tinctura Cimicifugae (Tr. Cimicif.), Tincture of Cimicifuga, N.F.—Cimicifuga (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Cinchona (Cinch.), Cinchona, U.S.P. (Yellow Cinchona, Calisaya Bark, Yellow Peruvian Bark).—Yields not less than 5 per cent. of alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Astringent bitter tonic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum.—See under Quininae Sulphas.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri.—See under Ferri Phosphas.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Strychninae.—See under Strychninae Sulphas.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi.—See under Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis.—See under Calcii Lactophosphas.

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini.—See under Pepsinum.

Extractum Cinchonae (Ext. Cinchon.), Extract of Cinchona, N.F.—A hydroalcoholic extract diluted with glucose, yielding about 24 per cent. of cinchona alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Cinchonae (Fldext. Cinchon.), Fluidextract of Cinchona, U.S.P.—Cinchona (100%) yielding about 4.5 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).[Pg 65]

Fluidextractum Cinchonae Aquosum (Fldext. Cinchon. Aq.), Aqueous Fluidextract of Cinchona, N.F.—Cinchona (100%), yielding about 5 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Infusum Cinchonae (Inf. Cinchon.), Infusion of Cinchona, N.F.—Cinchona (6%), aromatic sulphuric acid (1%) and water.

Dosage: 50 Cc. or 12 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Tinctura Cinchonae (Tr. Cinch.), Tincture of Cinchona, U.S.P.—Cinchona (20%), yielding about 0.9 per cent. of alkaloids; in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 63 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Cinchona Rubra (Cinch. Rub.), Red Cinchona, U.S.P. (Red Peruvian Bark).—Yields not less than 5 per cent. of alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Identical with those of cinchona. Used as ingredient of the compound tincture of cinchona.

*Tinctura Cinchonae Composita (Tr. Cinch. Co.), Compound Tincture of Cinchona, U.S.P.—Red cinchona (10%), yielding about 0.45 per cent. of cinchona alkaloids, serpentaria (2%) and bitter orange peel, in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 64 per cent.

Uses: Aromatic astringent bitter, of high alcoholic content; superfluous.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Cinchonidinae Sulphas (Cinchonid. Sulph.), Cinchonidine Sulphate, U.S.P.—The sulphate of the alkaloid cinchonidine, obtained from cinchona bark.

White, glistening, odorless needles with a very bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:65) and in alcohol (1:90).

Action and Uses: Formerly used as a cheap substitute for quinine sulphate, over which it possesses no advantage, being less efficient and more convulsant.

Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

Cinchoninae Sulphas (Cinchonin. Sulph.), Cinchonine Sulphate, U.S.P.—The sulphate of the alkaloid cinchonine, obtained from cinchona bark.

White, lustrous, odorless crystals with a very bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:60) and in alcohol (1:12.5).

[Pg 66]

Action and Uses: Similar to those of cinchonidine sulphate.

Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

*Cinnamomum Saigonicum (Cinnam. Saigon.), Saigon Cinnamon, U.S.P.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Carminative, antiseptic, somewhat astringent, occasionally administered in diarrhea.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in powder.

Fluidextractum Aromaticum (Fldext. Aromat.), Aromatic Fluidextract, U.S.P.—Aromatic powder (100%), extracted with alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Aromaticus (Pulv. Arom.), Aromatic Powder, U.S.P.—Saigon cinnamon, Jamaica ginger, cardamom seed and nutmeg.

Uses: Carminative.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus (Pulv. Cret. Arom.), Aromatic Powder of Chalk, N.F.—Saigon cinnamon, nutmeg, clove, cardamom seed, prepared chalk and sugar.

Uses: Antidiarrheic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Cinnamomi (Syr. Cinnam.), Syrup of Cinnamon, N.F.—Saigon cinnamon, alcohol and syrup.

Uses: Flavoring vehicle.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Tinctura Aromatica (Tr. Arom.), Aromatic Tincture, N.F.—Saigon cinnamon, Jamaica ginger, galangal, clove, cardamom seed, extracted with a mixture of alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 63 per cent.

Uses: Aromatic carminative, complex and without special advantage over other carminatives, as, for instance, tincture of cardamom.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Cinnamomi (Tr. Cinnam.), Tincture of Cinnamon, U.S.P.—Saigon cinnamon in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 63 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum (Cinnam. Zeylan.), Ceylon Cinnamon, U.S.P.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Same as those of Saigon cinnamon.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).[Pg 67]

*Cocaina (Cocain.), Cocaine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from coca leaves.

Large colorless prisms or a white powder; odorless. Slightly soluble in water (1:600) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:6.5) and in chloroform (1:0.7).

Action and Uses: A local anesthetic, paralyzing the peripheral sensory nerves and also contracting the blood vessels. Acute systemic poisoning is often caused by its local use on mucous membranes. Stimulant to the central nervous system, but such use is inadvisable because of danger of habit-formation.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Cocainae (Oleat. Cocain.), Oleate of Cocaine, N.F.—Cocaine (5%) in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.

*Cocainae Hydrochloridum (Cocain. Hydrochl.), Cocaine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Cocaine Chloride, Cocainum Hydrochloricum, P.I.).

Colorless crystals, flaky leaflets or a white powder; odorless. Freely soluble in water (1:0.4) and in alcohol (1:3.2), and soluble in chloroform (1:12.5). Incompatible with borax, mercuric chloride, alkalies and alkali carbonates, phenol, tannic acid, mercuric oxide, and soluble silver salts.

Action and Uses: Local anesthetic.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). For local anesthesia in 0.2 to 1.0 per cent. solution when used hypodermatically, and in 1 to 4 per cent. solution when applied to mucous membranes.

Cocculus Indicus (Coccul. Ind.), Cocculus Indicus, N.F. (Fish Berry, Indian Berry).—A fruit.

Action and Uses: Source of picrotoxin. An alcoholic extract has been used for destroying pediculi.

Tinctura Cocculi Indici (Tr. Coccul. Ind.), Tincture of Cocculus Indicus, N.F.—Cocculus indicus (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Coccus (Coccus), Cochineal, U.S.P.—A dried insect.

Action and Uses: Coloring agent.

Liquor Cocci (Liq. Cocci), Cochineal Color, N.F.—A glycerin-alcohol-water solution of cochineal.

Cocillana (Cocillan.), Cocillana, N.F.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Nauseant expectorant, similar to but without advantage over ipecac. The proprietary syrup contains heroin.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).[Pg 68]

Fluidextractum Cocillanae (Fldext. Cocillan.), Fluidextract of Cocillana, N.F.—Cocillana (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Codeina (Codein.), Codeine, U.S.P. (Methylmorphine).—An alkaloid obtained from opium, or prepared from morphine by methylation.

Colorless, translucent prisms or a white powder; odorless. Slightly soluble in water (1:120) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2) and in chloroform (1:0.5).

Action and Uses: Analgesic, hypnotic and sedative. It is perhaps the best modification of morphine for use in coughs. As compared with morphine it is less constipating and less apt to induce a drug habit. The phosphate and sulphate are preferred for hypodermic use.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Codeinae (Elix. Terpin. Hyd. et Codein.), Elixir of Terpin Hydrate and Codeine, N.F.—Codeine (0.2%) and elixir of terpin hydrate. Absolute alcohol content about 42 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.). This dose contains about 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain of codeine, and about 0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains of terpin hydrate.

*Codeinae Phosphas (Codein. Phos.), Codeine Phosphate, U.S.P.

White, odorless, efflorescent powder. Freely soluble in water (1:2.3) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:325).

Action and Uses: Same as those of codeine; preferred for hypodermic use.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

*Codeinae Sulphas (Codein. Sulph.), Codeine Sulphate, U.S.P.

White, odorless, efflorescent crystals or powder. Soluble in water (1:30) and very slightly soluble in alcohol (1:1280).

Action and Uses: Same as those of codeine. Preferred for hypodermic injections.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Codeinae (Syr. Codein.), Syrup of Codeine, N.F.—Codeine sulphate (0.2%) and syrup.

Uses: Superfluous.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).[Pg 69]

Coffea Tosta (Coff. Tost.), Coffee, N.F. (Roasted Coffee).

Action and Uses: Beverage and flavor.

Fluidextractum Coffeae (Fldext. Coff.), Fluidextract of Coffee, N.F. (Fluidextractum Coffeae Tostae, N.F. III).—Coffee (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Colchici Cormus (Colch. Corm.), Colchicum Corm, U.S.P. (Colchicum Root).—Yields not less than 0.35 per cent. of colchicine.

Action and Uses: Said to be antineuralgic and analgesic; frequently used in the treatment of acute gouty attacks and to some extent to ward off such attacks. Full doses produce watery stools and abdominal pains.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in pills; or preferably as the tincture.

Extractum Colchici Cormi (Ext. Colch. Corm.), Extract of Colchicum Corm, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Colchicum Corm).—One Gm. extract represents 4 Gm. colchicum corm and yields about 1.4 per cent. of colchicine.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Colchici Cormi (Fldext. Colch. Corm.), Fluidextract of Colchicum Corm, N.F.—Colchicum corm (100%), yielding about 0.35 per cent. of colchicine. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Vinum Colchici Cormi (Vin. Colchic. Corm.), Wine of Colchicum Corm, N.F.—Colchicum corm (40%) yielding about 0.14 per cent. of colchicine, in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

*Colchici Semen (Colch. Sem.), Colchicum Seed, U.S.P. (Colchici Semen P.I.).—Yields not less than 0.45 per cent. of colchicine.

Action and Uses: Same as those of colchicum corm.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Colchici Seminis (Fldext. Colch. Sem.), Fluidextract of Colchicum Seed, U.S.P.—Colchicum seed (100%), yielding about 0.4 per cent. of colchicine. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).[Pg 70]

*Tinctura Colchici Seminis (Tr. Colch. Sem.), Tincture of Colchicum Seed, U.S.P. (Colchici Tinctura P.I.).—Colchicum seed (10%), yielding about 0.04 per cent. of colchicine; in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 56 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Vinum Colchici Seminis (Vin. Colch. Sem.), Wine of Colchicum Seed, N.F.—Fluidextract of colchicum seed (10%), yielding about 0.04 per cent. of colchicine; in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Colchicina (Colchicina), Colchicine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from colchicum.

Pale yellow, odorless scales or powder. Freely soluble in alcohol, soluble in water (1:22) and slightly soluble in ether (1:220).

Action and Uses: Same as those of colchicum corm.

Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain.

COLLODIA, COLLODIONS.—Collodions are solutions of pyroxylin or soluble gun cotton with medicinal agents, for external application. For the official collodions see under the names of the principal ingredients. In particular, for Collodium, see under Pyroxylin; for Collodium Flexible, under Oleum Ricini; and for Collodium Stypticum, under Acidum Tannicum.

*Colocynthis (Colocyn.), Colocynth, U.S.P. (Colocynth Pulp, Bitter Apple, Colocynth Apple).

Action and Uses: A powerful irritant hydragogue cathartic. Because of its drastic nature it is rarely used alone. The various compound pills listed below are needlessly complex and therefore irrational. Because of their irritant character, they are especially unsuited for continued use.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.

*Extractum Colocynthidis (Ext. Colocynth.), Extract of Colocynth, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Colocynth).—One Gm. of extract represents 4 Gm. of colocynth.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

*Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum (Ext. Colocynth. Co.), Compound Extract of Colocynth, U.S.P. (Powdered Compound Extract of Colocynth).—Extract of colocynth (16%), aloes (50%), resin of scammony (14%), cardamom seed and soap.[Pg 71]

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Catharticae Compositae (Pil. Cathart. Co.), Compound Cathartic Pills, U.S.P.—Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth (0.08 Gm. or 1-1/3 grains), mild mercurous chloride (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), resin of jalap (0.02 Gm. or 1/3 grain) and gamboge (0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain).

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabiles (Pil. Cathart. Veget.), Vegetable Cathartic Pills, N.F.—Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), extract of hyoscyamus (0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain), resin of jalap (0.02 Gm. or 1/3 grain), extract of leptandra and resin of podophyllum (each 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain) with oil of peppermint.

Dosage: 2 pills (N.F.).

Pilulae Colocynthidis Compositae (Pil. Colocynth. Co.), Compound Pills of Colocynth, N.F. (Pilulae Cocciae, Cochia Pills).—Each pill contains extract of colocynth (0.011 Gm. or 1/6 grain), aloes and resin of scammony (each 0.13 Gm. or 2 grains), with oil of clove.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Colocynthidis et Hyoscyami (Pil. Colocynth. et Hyoscy.), Pills of Colocynth and Hyoscyamus, N.F.—Each pill contains extract of colocynth (0.0065 Gm. or 1/10 grain), aloes, resin of scammony and extract of hyoscyamus (each 0.097 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) and oil of clove.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Colocynthidis et Podophylli (Pil. Colocynth. et Podoph.), Pills of Colocynth and Podophyllum, N.F.—Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth (0.162 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains) and resin of podophyllum (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain) with syrup.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Laxativae Post Partum (Pil. Lax. Post Part.), Post Partum Laxative Pills, N.F. (Barker’s Post Partum Pills).—Each pill contains compound extract of colocynth (0.11 Gm. or 1-2/3 grains), Socotrine aloes (0.055 Gm. or 7/8 grain), extract of nux vomica (0.025 Gm. or 2/5 grain), resin of podophyllum and ipecac (each 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain) and extract of hyoscyamus (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain).

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).[Pg 72]

Condurango (Conduran.), Condurango, N.F.—A bark.

Action and Uses: Bitter stomachic, introduced especially for cancer cachexia, but without advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Condurango (Fldext. Condurango), Fluidextract of Condurango, N.F.—Condurango (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

CONFECTIONES, CONFECTIONS (Conserves, Electuaries).—Soft, pasty solids consisting of active drugs mixed with sugar and honey.

Conium (Conium), Conium, N.F. (Poison Hemlock, Conium maculatum).—Unripe fruit.

Action and Uses: Source of coniine. Depresses the motor system, but has no definite therapeutic indication.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Extractum Conii (Ext. Conii), Extract of Conium, N.F.—A hydro-alcoholic extract diluted with glucose, yielding about 2 per cent. of coniine.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Conii (Fldext. Conii), Fluidextract of Conium, N.F.—Conium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Convallariae Flores (Convallar. Flor.), Convallaria Flowers, N.F. (Lily-of-the-Valley Flowers).

Action and Uses: Believed to act as a cardiac tonic, similar to digitalis, but unreliable.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Convallariae Florum (Fldext. Conval. Flor.), Fluidextract of Convallaria Flowers, N.F. (Fluidextractum Convallariae, N.F. III).—Convallaria flowers (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Convallariae Radix (Convallar. Rad.), Convallaria Root, N.F. (Lily-of-the-Valley Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Same as the flowers.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).[Pg 73]

Fluidextractum Convallariae Radicis (Fldext. Conval. Rad.), Fluidextract of Convallaria Root, N.F.—Convallaria root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

*Copaiba (Copaib.), Copaiba, U.S.P. (Balsam of Copaiba, Copaiva).—An oleoresin.

Pale yellow or brownish-yellow, viscid liquid, with an aromatic odor and a persistent, bitter, acrid taste. Insoluble in water and partly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: A mild but disagreeable irritant and diuretic. Used especially in the treatment of gonorrhea, but of doubtful efficiency. The copaiba mixtures as listed below were formerly widely used, but are disagreeable, irrational and usually inefficient.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Massa Copaibae (Mass. Copaib.), Mass of Copaiba, N.F. (Solidified Copaiba).—Copaiba solidified by combination with magnesium oxide.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Mistura Copaibae (Mist. Copaib.), Copaiba Mixture, N.F. (Lafayette Mixture).—Copaiba (12.5%), spirit of nitrous ether (12.5%), compound tincture of lavender, solution of potassium hydroxide in syrup and mucilage of acacia. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Mistura Copaibae et Opii (Mist. Copaib. et Opii), Mixture of Copaiba and Opium, N.F. (Chapman’s Mixture).—Copaiba (25%), tincture of opium (3.2%), spirit of nitrous ether (25%), and compound tincture of lavender in mucilage of acacia and water. Absolute alcohol content about 29 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Coptis (Coptis), Coptis, N.F. (Goldthread).—Plant.

Action and Uses: Bitter stomachic, possessing no advantage over gentian.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Coptis (Fldext. Copt.), Fluidextract of Coptis, N.F.—Coptis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

CORDIALES, CORDIALS.—Cordials are sweetened alcoholic liquids.[Pg 74]

Coriandrum (Coriand.), Coriander, U.S.P. (Coriander Seeds).

Action and Uses: Aromatic and carminative.

Cornus (Corn.), Cornus, N.F. (Dogwood Bark).—Bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Without definite indications for its use; practically obsolete.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Corni (Fldext. Corni), Fluidextract of Cornus, N.F.—Cornus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Corydalis (Coryd.), Corydalis, N.F. (Turkey Corn, Squirrel Corn).—Tubers.

Action and Uses: Formerly exploited as antiluetic, but useless and therefore harmful.

Dosage: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Corydalis Compositum (Elix. Coryd. Co.), Compound Elixir of Corydalis, N.F.—Fluidextract of corydalis, (6%), fluidextract of stillingia (6%), fluidextract of xanthoxylum (3%), fluidextract of blue flag (9%), potassium iodide (5%), alcohol and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Action and Uses: An irrational and harmful “alterative.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Corydalis (Fldext. Corydal.), Fluidextract of Corydalis, N.F.—Corydalis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 0.65 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

Cotarninae Hydrochloridum (Cotarn. Hydrochl.), Cotarnine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Cotarnine Chloride; Stypticin).

Yellow, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water and alcohol, yielding yellow solutions.

Action and Uses: Used to check functional uterine hemorrhage. The mechanism of its action has not been explained, and its efficiency is somewhat questionable.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Coumarinum (Coumar.), Coumarin, N.F.

Colorless, fragrant crystals, with a bitter, burning taste. Sparingly soluble in cold water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Perfume and flavor.[Pg 75]

Creosoti Carbonas (Creosot. Carb.), Creosote Carbonate, U.S.P.—A mixture of the carbonates of various constituents of creosote, chiefly guaiacol and cresol.

An almost colorless, almost tasteless, odorless viscid liquid. Insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and miscible with chloroform and benzin.

Action and Uses: Passes stomach unchanged; hence is not a gastric irritant; decomposed in the intestines; used as an intestinal antiseptic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

*Creosotum (Creosot.), Creosote, U.S.P. (Creasote).—A mixture chiefly of guaiacol and cresol, obtained from wood-tar.

An almost colorless, oily liquid, with a penetrating, smoky odor, and a burning, caustic taste. Slightly soluble in water, and miscible with alcohol, ether or fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic; formerly widely used as an intestinal antiseptic and externally to some extent as an antiseptic dressing.

Dosage: 0.25 Cc. or 4 minims (U.S.P.), in capsules.

Aqua Creosoti (Aq. Creosot.), Creosote Water, U.S.P.—Creosote (1%) in water.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Petroxolinum Creosoti (Petrox. Creosot.), Creosote Petroxolin, N.F. (Creosote Petrox).—Creosote (20%), oleic acid and liquid petroxolin.

*Cresol (Cresol), Cresol, U.S.P.—A mixture of isomeric cresols, C₆H₄(CH₃)OH. Obtained from coal tar.

Colorless, yellowish or brownish liquid, darkening with age and exposure to light, and having a phenol-like odor. Soluble in water (1:50), usually forming a cloudy solution, and miscible with alcohol, ether, petroleum benzin or glycerin.

Action and Uses: Action similar to phenol. Used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. Approximately four times as germicidal as phenol, and no more toxic.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

*Liquor Cresolis Compositus (Liq. Cresol. Co.), Compound Solution of Cresol, U.S.P.—Cresol (50%) with a potassium soap solution.

Creta Praeparata (Cret. Praep.), Prepared Chalk, U.S.P. (Drop Chalk).—A native calcium carbonate.

White, amorphous, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Decomposed and dissolved by dilute acids.

[Pg 76]

Action and Uses: Used internally as a mild alkali, as antacid and against diarrhea.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) as a powder or in suspension.

Mistura Cretae (Mist. Cret.), Chalk Mixture, U.S.P.—Compound chalk powder (20%) with cinnamon water and water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus.—See under Cinnamomum Saigonicum.

Pulvis Cretae Compositus (Pulv. Cret. Co.), Compound Chalk Powder, U.S.P.—Prepared chalk (30%), with acacia and sugar.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Crocus (Croc.), Crocus, N.F. (Saffron).—Stigmas of the flowers.

Action and Uses: Yellow coloring agent without definite therapeutic indications. Has been used as “stimulant and antispasmodic.”

Tinctura Croci (Tr. Croc.), Tincture of Saffron, N.F.—Saffron (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Cubeba (Cubeb.), Cubeb, U.S.P. (Cubebs).—Fruit.

Action and Uses: Formerly much used internally as antiseptic, diuretic and as a stimulant to the genito-urinary membranes; also to some extent as a stimulating expectorant. Probably of little value.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). The oleoresin is preferred.

Fluidextractum Cubebae (Fldext. Cubeb.), Fluidextract of Cubeb, N.F.—Cubeb (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc or 15 minims (N.F.).

Oleoresina Cubebae (Oleores. Cubeb.), Oleoresin of Cubeb, U.S.P.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Cubebae (Tr. Cubeb.), Tincture of Cubeb, N.F.—Cubeb (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Trochisci Cubebae (Troch. Cubeb.), Troches of Cubeb, U.S.P.—Each troche contains oleoresin of cubeb[Pg 77] (0.02 Gm.) with oil of sassafras, extract of glycyrrhiza and acacia, flavored with syrup of tolu.

*Cupri Sulphas (Cupr. Sulph.), Copper Sulphate, U.S.P. (Cupric Sulphate).—CuSO₄ + 5H₂O.

Blue, odorless crystals or powder with a metallic taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.5), and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:500).

Action and Uses: Astringent and in strong solutions corrosive. In large doses a gastric and intestinal irritant producing violent vomiting and purging. Considered one of the best antidotes in phosphorus poisoning.

Dosage: Emetic, 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Mistura Adstringens (Mist. Adstring.), Astringent Mixture, N.F. (Mistura Adstringens et Escharotica, N.F. III, Villate’s Mixture).—A needlessly complex mixture containing the acetates and sulphates of copper and zinc in dilute acetic acid solution with lead sulphate in suspension.

Cypripedium (Cypriped.), Cypripedium, N.F. (Lady Slipper Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: No definite indications for its use. Has been described as “tonic, stimulant and diaphoretic.”

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Cypripedii (Fldext. Cypriped.), Fluidextract of Cypripedium, N.F.—Cypripedium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Damiana (Damiana), Damiana, N.F. (Turnera).—Leaves.

Action and Uses: Ingredient of “lost manhood” nostrums; mildly irritant, but otherwise probably inert.

Dosage 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Damianae (Fldext. Damian.), Fluidextract of Damiana, N.F. (Fluidextractum Turnerae, N.F. III).—Damiana (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

DECOCTA, DECOCTIONS.—Aqueous preparations made by boiling drugs in water and straining. They must be freshly made from the drugs.

Delphinium (Delphin.), Larkspur Seed, N.F.

Action and Uses: Preparations are used externally to destroy pediculi of the hair and of the pubic region.[Pg 78]

Tinctura Delphinii (Tr. Delphin.), Tincture of Larkspur, N.F.—Larkspur seed (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dextrinum Album (Dext. Alb.), White Dextrin, N.F.—A variable mixture of soluble carbohydrates with unconverted starch.

White, odorless powder, with a sweetish taste. Partly soluble in cold water; completely soluble in three parts of water on boiling.

Action and Uses: Substitute for acacia and other gums.

Pasta Dextrinata (Past. Dextrin.), Dextrinated Paste, N.F.—White dextrin (33%) in glycerin (33%) and water.

Uses: Basis for dermatologic pastes.

Diacetylmorphina (Diacetylmorph.), Diacetylmorphine, U.S.P. (Acetomorphine, Heroin).—An alkaloid prepared from morphine by acetylization.

White, odorless powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1700) and soluble in alcohol (1:31) and in chloroform (1:1.4).

Action and Uses: Used as a respiratory sedative to relieve cough. With few exceptions, generally contraindicated in pulmonary tuberculosis. Like morphine, but more toxic and less valuable for the relief of pain. Is habit-forming. See Morphina.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 gr. (U.S.P.).

Diacetylmorphinae Hydrochloridum (Diacetylmorph. Hydrochl.), Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Diacetylmorphine Chloride; Heroin Hydrochloride).

White, odorless, bitter powder. Freely soluble (1:2) in water and soluble in alcohol (1:11).

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).

Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Diacetylmorphinae (Elix. Terpin. Hyd. et Diacetylmorph.), Elixir of Terpin Hydrate and Diacetylmorphine, N.F. (Elixir Terpini Hydratis cum Heroina N.F. III).—Diacetylmorphine hydrochloride (0.027%) and elixir of terpin hydrate. Absolute alcohol content about 42 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.). This dose contains about 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain of diacetylmorphine hydrochloride, and about 0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains of terpin hydrate.

Diastasum (Diastasum), Diastase, U.S.P.—A mixture containing amylolytic enzymes from malt.[Pg 79]

Yellowish-white, odorless, tasteless powder or scales. Soluble in water; almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: May be mixed with starchy foods to assist their conversion into sugar.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

*Digitalis (Digit.), Digitalis, U.S.P. (Foxglove, Digitalis Leaves, Digitalis Folium P.I.).

Action and Uses: Direct cardiac stimulant and diuretic. Used in cardiac decompensation. Most effective when the heart action is rapid and very irregular (auricular fibrillation). Effective in the treatment of edema only when the latter is due to impaired circulation. Very likely to cause disturbance of gastro-intestinal tract.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians are advised to specify preparations which have been biologically assayed.

Fluidextractum Digitalis (Fldext. Digital.), Fluidextract of Digitalis, U.S.P.—Digitalis (100%). May be biologically assayed by producing death in the frog. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).—Physicians should specify the biologically assayed fluidextract.

*Infusum Digitalis (Inf. Digit.), Infusion of Digitalis, U.S.P.—Digitalis (1.5%), cinnamon water and water. This is an effective form of digitalis, but has no advantage over tinctures of proper potency, and is not so conveniently standardized.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Digitalis, Scillae et Hydrargyri (Pil. Digit. Scill. et Hydrarg.), Pills of Digitalis, Squill and Mercury, N.F. (Niemeyer Pills for Dropsy, Guy’s Pills).—Each pill contains digitalis, squill and mass of mercury (each 0.065 gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.

Uses: Popular but needlessly complex cardiac diuretic.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

*Tinctura Digitalis (Tr. Digit.), Tincture of Digitalis, U.S.P. (Digitalis Tinctura P.I.).—Digitalis (10%) in alcohol and water. May be biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians should specify the biologically assayed tincture.

Dioscorea (Dioscor.), Dioscorea, N.F. (Wild Yam Root, Colic Root).—Rhizome.[Pg 80]

Action and Uses: No established indications for its use; formerly used in the treatment of “abdominal irritation.”

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Dioscoreae (Fldext. Dioscor.), Fluidextract of Dioscorea, N.F.—Dioscorea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Drosera (Droser.), Drosera, N.F. (Sundew).—Flowering plant.

Action and Uses: No established indications for its use (formerly used in respiratory diseases).

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Droserae (Fldext. Droser.), Fluidextract of Drosera, N.F.—Drosera (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Dulcamara (Dulcam.), Bittersweet, N.F.—Stems and branches.

Action and Uses: No established indications for its use. Formerly used as “alterative.”

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Dulcamarae (Fldext. Dulcam.), Fluidextract of Bittersweet, N.F.—Bittersweet (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. of fluidrachm (N.F.).

Echinacea (Echin.), Echinacea, N.F.—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: The claims for this drug as an “alterative” and antisyphilitic are extravagant and unwarranted. There are no established indications for its use.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Echinaceae (Fldext. Echin.), Fluidextract of Echinacea, N.F.—Echinacea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Elaterinum (Elaterin.), Elaterin, U.S.P.—A neutral principle obtained from the squirting cucumber. The commercial product is variable and may at times be practically inert.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly acrid, bitter taste. Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol (1:325).

[Pg 81]

Action and Uses: One of the most powerful and irritant of hydragogue cathartics, causing profuse watery evacuations.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain.

Trituratio Elaterini (Trit. Elaterin.), Trituration of Elaterin, U.S.P.—Elaterin (10%).

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

ELIXIRIA, ELIXIRS.—Elixirs are sweetened, aromatic, alcoholic liquids similar to cordials. In the administration of an elixir, the effects due to its alcohol content should be borne in mind. The statements of alcohol content of elixirs in this volume refer to percentage of absolute alcohol by volume.

For the various elixirs, see under the names of the principal constituents. For Elixir Aromaticum, Elixir Aromaticum Rubrum and Elixir Glycyrrhizae (Elixir Adjuvans), see under Alcohol; for Elixir Catharticum Compositum, see under Frangula; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum, see under Quininae Sulphas; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri, see under Ferri Phosphas; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae and Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Strychninae, see under Strychninae Sulphas; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi, see under Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis, see under Calcii Lactophosphas; for Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini, see under Pepsinum; for Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae, and Elixir Gentianae et Ferri, see under Ferri Citro-Chloridum; for Elixir Formatum and Elixir Formatum Compositum, see under Acidum Formicum; for Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis, see under Ferri Phosphas; for Elixir Glycerophosphatum Compositum, see under Sodii Glycerophosphas; for Elixir Hypophosphitum, see under Calcii Hypophosphis; for Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri, see under Ferri Hypophosphis; for Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae, see under Strychnina; for Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Codeinae, see under Codeina; for Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Diacetylmorphinae, see under Diacetylmorphinae Hydrochloridum; for Elixir Trium Bromidorum, see under Ammonii Bromidum.

*Emetinae Hydrochloridum (Emet. Hydrochl.), Emetine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.—The hydrochloride of the alkaloid emetine, obtained from ipecac.

White, or nearly white, odorless powder, darkening on exposure to light. Freely soluble in water or alcohol.

[Pg 82]

Action and Uses: Given hypodermically. An effective treatment of amebic dysentery and other amebic diseases.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain.

EMPLASTRA, PLASTERS.—Plasters are solid preparations for external use, serving either as simple adhesives or for the conveyance of drugs. The commercial spread plasters have largely displaced the extemporaneously prepared product. For the various plasters see under the names of the principal constituents. For Emplastrum Elasticum, see under Resina; for Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum, see under Camphora; for Emplastrum Plumbi, see under Plumbi Oxidum.

EMULSA, EMULSIONES, EMULSIONS.—Emulsions are aqueous preparations in which oils or resins are suspended by means of mucilaginous substances.

For the official emulsions see under the names of the respective oils and resins.

*Ergota (Ergot.), Ergot, U.S.P. (Secale Cornutum, P.I., Ergot of Rye, Spurred Rye).

Action and Uses: Causes powerful tonic, sometimes tetanic contraction of the uterus and of the bloodvessel walls. Checks postpartum hemorrhage by contracting the uterus. Used for excessive menstrual flow and as a circulatory stimulant. Has also been tried but without success in a great variety of other diseases.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Ergotae (Ext. Ergot.), Extract of Ergot, U.S.P.—A pilular extract of ergot. Probably does not contain some of the valuable constituents of ergot (the alkaloids).

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Ergotae Aquosum (Ext. Ergot. Aq.), Aqueous Extract of Ergot, N.F. (Ergoti Extractum P.I.).—A purified aqueous extract.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

*Fluidextractum Ergotae (Fldext. Ergot.), Fluidextract of Ergot, U.S.P. (Secalis Cornuti Extractum Fluidum, P.I.).—Ergot (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Ergotae Ammoniata (Tr. Ergot. Ammon.), Ammoniated Tincture of Ergot, N.F.—Ergot (25%), ammonia water (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.[Pg 83]

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Eriodictyon (Eriodict.), Eriodictyon, U.S.P. (Yerba Santa).—Yerba santa leaves.

Action and Uses: Said to be expectorant. Its most remarkable property is its power of masking the taste of quinine.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

Elixir Eriodictyi Aromaticum (Elix. Eriodict. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir of Eriodictyon, N.F. (Aromatic Elixir of Yerba Santa, Elixir Corrigens).—Fluidextract of eriodictyon (6%), compound elixir of taraxacum (about 44%) and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 16 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Eriodictyi (Fldext. Eriodict.), Fluidextract of Eriodictyon, U.S.P.—Eriodictyon (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Eriodictyi Aromaticus (Syr. Eriodict. Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Eriodictyon, N.F. (Aromatic Syrup of Yerba Santa, Syrupus Corrigens).—Fluidextract of eriodictyon, solution of potassium hydroxide, compound tincture of cardamom, oils of sassafras, lemon and clove, alcohol and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Eucalyptol (Eucalyptol), Eucalyptol, U.S.P. (Cineol).—A constituent of the volatile oil of eucalyptus.

A colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and a pungent taste, producing a cooling sensation in the mouth. Very slightly soluble in water but miscible with alcohol and chloroform and fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Employed as a local stimulant, antiseptic and deodorant, largely as a constituent of inhalations, particularly oily sprays.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).

Nebula Eucalyptolis (Nebul. Eucalyptol.), Eucalyptol Spray, N.F.—Eucalyptol (5%) in light liquid petrolatum.

Petroxolinum Eucalyptolis (Petrox. Eucalyptol.), Eucalyptol Petroxolin, N.F. (Eucalyptol Petrox).—Eucalyptol (20%) in liquid petrolatum.

*Eucalyptus (Eucalypt.), Eucalyptus, U.S.P. (Eucalyptus Leaves, Blue Gum Leaves).

Action and Uses: Principally those of the volatile oil. Not used as such.[Pg 84]

Fluidextractum Eucalypti (Fldext. Eucalypt.), Fluidextract of Eucalyptus, U.S.P.—Eucalyptus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Eugenol (Eugenol), Eugenol, U.S.P.—A constituent of oil of clove.

A nearly colorless, thin liquid, with a strong odor of cloves and a pungent, spicy taste.

Action and Uses: Same as those of oil of cloves, over which it has no material advantage.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims.

Euonymus (Euonym.), Euonymus, N.F. (Wahoo Bark).—Bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Obsolete cathartic; toxic digitalis effects. Caution: The uncertain absorption of this drug makes its use inadvisable.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains.

Extractum Euonymi (Ext. Euonym.), Extract of Euonymus, N.F. (Powdered Extract of Euonymus).—A hydroalcoholic extract, 1 Gm. representing the water-alcohol-soluble constituents of 4 Gm. of euonymus.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Euonymi (Fldext. Euonym.), Fluidextract of Euonymus, N.F.—Euonymus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims. (N.F.).

Eupatorium (Eupator.), Eupatorium, N.F. (Boneset, Thoroughwort).—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Domestic diaphoretic “tea.” No established indications for its use.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Eupatorii (Fldext. Eupator.), Fluidextract of Eupatorium, N.F.—Eupatorium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Euphorbia Pilulifera (Euphorb. Pilul.), Euphorbia Pilulifera, N.F. (Pill Bearing Spurge).—Entire flowering plant.

Action and Uses: Irritant; formerly used in respiratory diseases, but without established indications.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Euphorbiae Piluliferae (Fldext. Euphorb. Pilul.), Fluidextract of Euphorbia Pilulifera, N.F.[Pg 85]—Euphorbia pilulifera (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

EXTRACTA, EXTRACTS (Solid Extracts).—Soft, solid (pilular extracts) or powdered (powdered extracts) preparations made by evaporating a solution of the soluble ingredients of vegetable or animal drugs at a low temperature. Powdered extracts are often made from the solid extracts by the addition of inert material. The strength of most extracts is four times that of the drug. For the various official extracts see under the names of the respective drugs.

Farfara (Farfar.), Coltsfoot, N.F. (Coltsfoot Leaves, Tussilago Leaves).

Action and Uses: Demulcent expectorant; no advantage over linseed.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm.

*Fel Bovis (Fel Bovis), Oxgall, U.S.P.

A brownish-green or dark green, somewhat viscid liquid, with a peculiar odor and a disagreeable, bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Used in the form of the extract as intestinal antiseptic, cholagogue and laxative.

*Extractum Fellis Bovis (Ext. Fel. Bov.), Extract of Oxgall, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Oxgall).—One Gm. of extract represents 8 Gm. of oxgall.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains.

Ferri Acetas, Ferric Acetate.—Fe(C₂H₃O₂)₃.

Liquor Ferri Acetatis (Liq. Ferr. Acet.), Solution of Ferric Acetate, N.F.—Contains anhydrous ferric acetate, Fe(C₂H₃O₂)₃ (about 31%), corresponding to about 7.5 per cent. metallic iron, Fe.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis.—See under Ammonii Acetas.

*Ferri Carbonas, Ferrous Carbonate.—FeCO₃.

*Massa Ferri Carbonatis (Mass. Ferr. Carb.), Mass of Ferrous Carbonate, U.S.P. (Vallet’s Mass).—Contains FeCO₃ (35%) with sugar and honey.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 86]

Mistura Ferri Composita (Mist. Ferr. Co.), Compound Iron Mixture, N.F. (Griffith’s Mixture).—Ferrous carbonate (obtained by decomposing 0.6% ferrous sulphate with potassium carbonate), sugar, myrrh, spirit of lavender and rose water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis (Pil. Ferr. Carb.), Pills of Ferrous Carbonate, U.S.P. (Chalybeate Pills, Blaud’s Pills, Ferruginous Pills).—Each pill contains FeCO₃ (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain).

Uses: Convenient and effective form of iron.

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus (Ferr. Carb. Sacch.), Saccharated Ferrous Carbonate, U.S.P.—Ferrous carbonate, FeCO₃ (not less than 15%) preserved with sugar.

A greenish-brown, odorless powder, with a taste at first sweetish, afterward ferruginous.

Action and Uses: Hematinic, like other iron salts; practically non-astringent and non-irritating.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

*Ferri Chloridum (Ferr. Chlor.), Ferric Chloride, U.S.P. (Iron Perchloride, Sesquichloride of Iron).—Ferric chloride, FeCl₃, with water of hydration.

Orange-yellow crystalline deliquescent pieces, odorless, and with a strongly styptic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.2); freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used in the form of the tincture of ferric chloride as an astringent, especially as an application to the throat. Also hematinic, but relatively irritant.

Gossypium Stypticum (Gossyp. Stypt.), Styptic Cotton, N.F.—Purified cotton, impregnated with ferric chloride.

Liquor Ferri Chloridi (Liq. Ferr. Chlor.), Solution of Ferric Chloride, U.S.P. (Solution of Iron Perchloride).—FeCl₃ (about 10.5%).

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims.

*Tinctura Ferri Chloridi (Tr. Ferr. Chlor.), Tincture of Ferric Chloride, U.S.P.—Ferric chloride (about 13%) corresponding to not less than 4.48 per cent. of iron, Fe. Made by diluting a solution of ferric chloride (35%) with alcohol. Absolute alcoholic content about 63 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 87]

Tinctura Ferri Chloridi Aetherea (Tr. Ferr. Chlor. Aeth.), Ethereal Tincture of Ferric Chloride, N.F. (Bestuscheff’s Tincture, Lamotte’s Drops).—Solution of ferric chloride (6%) and ether (25%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Ferri Citras, Ferric Citrate

Liquor Ferri Citratis (Liq. Ferr. Cit.), Solution of Ferric Citrate, N.F.—Contains ferric citrate corresponding to not less than 7.25 per cent. metallic iron, Fe.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

Ferri Citro-Chloridum, Iron Citro-Chloride

Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae (Elix. Ferr. Quin. et Strych.), Elixir of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, N.F.—Tincture of ferric citro-chloride (12.5%), quinine hydrochloride (0.875%), strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), compound spirit of orange, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Uses: A popular but irrational “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Gentianae et Ferri (Elix. Gent. et Ferr.), Elixir of Gentian and Iron, N.F. (Elixir of Gentian with Tincture of Ferric Citro-Chloride).—Tincture of ferric citro-chloride (10%) and elixir of gentian. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Tinctura Ferri Citro-Chloridi (Tr. Ferr. Citro-Chlor.), Tincture of Ferric Citro-Chloride, N.F. (Tasteless Tincture of Ferric Chloride, Tasteless Tincture of Iron).—A tincture of a complex iron salt, containing about 4 per cent. of iron (Fe) and rendered non-styptic by the presence of a citrate. Made from solution of ferric chloride (35%), sodium citrate (44%), alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

*Ferri et Ammonii Citras (Ferr. et Ammon. Cit.), Iron and Ammonium Citrate, U.S.P. (Soluble Ferric Citrate, Ammonio-Ferric Citrate).—Iron citrate rendered more readily soluble by the presence of ammonium citrate. Contains about 17 per cent. of iron, Fe.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 88]

Thin, transparent, garnet-red, odorless scales, with a saline, mildly ferruginous taste. Readily and completely soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Hematinic, practically non-astringent. Has the general properties of iron salts.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains.

Vinum Ferri (Vin. Ferr.), Wine of Iron, N.F. (Wine of Citrate of Iron).—Iron and ammonium citrate (4%) in tincture of sweet orange peel, syrup, and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Ferri et Quininae Citras (Ferr. et Quin. Cit.), Iron and Quinine Citrate, U.S.P. (Ferri et Quininae Citras Solubilis, U.S.P. VIII, Soluble Iron and Quinine Citrate).—Iron citrate and quinine citrate rendered more soluble by the presence of ammonium citrate. Contains not less than 13 per cent. of iron, Fe.

Thin, transparent, deliquescent, greenish or golden yellow, odorless scales, with a bitter, mildly ferruginous taste. Rapidly and completely soluble in cold water, partly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as a bitter iron tonic. Of doubtful value.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains.

Vinum Ferri Amarum (Vin. Ferr. Amar.), Bitter Wine of Iron, N.F.—Iron and quinine citrate (5%) in tincture of sweet orange peel, syrup and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 17 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Ferri Glycerophosphas (Ferr. Glycerophos.), Ferric Glycerophosphate, N.F. (Ferric Glycerinophosphate).

Yellowish-green scales or powder, odorless and nearly tasteless. Freely soluble in water (1:2) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Reputed “tonic,” but without advantage over the ordinary iron salts.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains.

Ferri Hydroxidum, Ferric Hydroxide.

Ferri Hydroxidum cum Magnesii Oxido (Ferr. Hydrox. cum Mag. Oxid.), Ferric Hydroxide with Magnesium Oxide, U.S.P. (Arsenic Antidote, Ferric Hydrate with Magnesia).—A dilute solution of ferric sulphate and a mixture of magnesium oxide with water, kept in separate bottles. When mixed, they yield ferric hydroxide.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 89]

Uses: Antidote for arsenic.

Dosage: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces.

Magma Ferri Hydroxidi (Magm. Ferr. Hydrox.), Ferric Hydroxide Magma, N.F. (Ferri Hydroxidum, U.S.P. VIII, Ferric Hydroxide).—A suspension of ferric hydroxide in water.

Ferri Hypophosphis (Ferr. Hypophos.), Ferric Hypophosphite, N.F.

White or grayish white, odorless and nearly tasteless powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:2300); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Reputed “tonic,” but without advantage over the ordinary iron salts.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains.

Elixir Ferri Hypophosphitis (Elix. Ferr. Hypophos.), Elixir of Ferric Hypophosphite, N.F.—Ferric hypophosphite (1.65%), potassium citrate (2.15%), water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri (Elix. Hypophos. et Ferr.), Elixir of Hypophosphites and Iron, N.F.—Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), potassium hypophosphite and ferric hypophosphite (each 0.875%), potassium citrate, hypophosphorous acid, water, syrup and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Liquor Ferri Hypophosphitis (Liq. Ferr. Hypophos.), Solution of Ferric Hypophosphite, N.F. (Solution of Hypophosphite of Iron).—Ferric hypophosphite (16.5%) dissolved by means of potassium citrate (21.5%) in glycerin and water.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Ferri Hypophosphitis (Syr. Ferr. Hypophos.), Syrup of Ferric Hypophosphite, N.F.—Ferric hypophosphite (1.75%), dissolved by means of potassium citrate (2.5%), and made into a syrup flavored with orange flower water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 90]

Ferri Iodidum, Ferrous Iodide.—FeI₂.

Pilulae Ferri Iodidi (Pil. Ferr. Iod.), Pills of Ferrous Iodide, U.S.P.—Each pill represents ferrous iodide, FeI₂ (about 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain).

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Ferri et Mangani Iodidi (Syr. Ferr. et Mangan. Iod.), Syrup of Iron and Manganese Iodide, N.F.—Ferrous iodide (10%) and manganese iodide (5%) in syrup.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Syrupus Ferri Iodidi (Syr. Ferr. Iod.), Syrup of Ferrous Iodide, U.S.P. (Ferri Iodidi Syrupus P.I.).—Ferrous iodide, FeI₂ (about 5%).

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Ferri Lactas (Ferr. Lact.), Ferrous Lactate, N.F. (Iron Lactate).

Greenish white powder or crystalline masses, with a slight, characteristic odor and a mild, sweet ferruginous taste. Slowly soluble in water (1:40), freely soluble in solutions of alkali citrates, but almost insoluble in alcohol.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Ferri Lactatis (Elix. Ferr. Lact.), Elixir of Iron Lactate, N.F.—Iron lactate (1.75%), potassium citrate (5.25%) in water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Lactophosphas, Iron Lactophosphate.

Syrupus Ferri Lactophosphatis (Syr. Ferr. Lactophos.), Syrup of Iron Lactophosphate, N.F.—Iron lactophosphate (2.5%) in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Malas, Ferrous Malate (Iron Malate).

Extractum Ferri Pomatum (Ext. Ferr. Pomat.), Ferrated Extract of Apples, N.F. (Ferri Malas Crudus, Crude Malate of Iron).—A pilular extract containing ferrous malate.

Dosage: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Ferri Pomata (Tr. Ferr. Pomat.), Tincture of Ferrated Extract of Apples, N.F. (Tinctura Ferri Malatis Crudi, Tincture of Crude Malate of Iron).—Ferrated extract of apples (10%) in alcohol and cinnamon water. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 91]

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Nitras, Ferric Nitrate.—Fe(NO₃)₃.

Liquor Ferri Nitratis (Liq. Ferr. Nit.), Solution of Ferric Nitrate, N.F.—Ferric nitrate, Fe(NO₃)₃, corresponding to not less than 1.3 per cent. of metallic iron, Fe.

Uses: Astringent and styptic.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

Ferri Oxidum Saccharatum (Ferr. Oxid. Sacch.), Saccharated Ferric Oxide, N.F. (Soluble Ferric Oxide, Ferrum Oxydatum Saccharatum, “Eisenzucker”).—Saccharated ferric oxide representing not less than 2.8 per cent. of Fe.

Syrupus Ferri Saccharati Solubilis (Syr. Ferr. Sacch. Sol.), Syrup of Soluble Saccharated Iron, N.F. (Syrupus Ferri Oxydati Solubilis, Syrup of Saccharated Oxide of Iron, Syrup of Soluble Oxide of Iron).—Saccharated ferric oxide (41.5%), syrup and water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Oxychloridum, Ferric Oxychloride.

Liquor Ferri Oxychloridi (Liq. Ferr. Oxychlor.), Solution of Ferric Oxychloride, N.F.—Ferric oxychloride corresponding to about 3 per cent. of metallic iron, Fe, dissolved in a mixture of glycerin and water.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Ferri Oxysulphas, Ferric Oxysulphate.

Liquor Ferri Oxysulphatis (Liq. Ferr. Oxysulph.), Solution of Ferric Oxysulphate, N.F.—A solution of basic ferric sulphate.

Uses: Superfluous astringent iron solution.

*Ferri Phosphas (Ferr. Phos.), Ferric Phosphate, U.S.P. (Ferri Phosphas Solubilis, U.S.P. VIII, Soluble Ferric Phosphate).—Ferric phosphate rendered soluble by sodium citrate. Contains iron, Fe (not less than 12%).

Thin, bright green, transparent, odorless scales, with an acidulous, slightly saline taste. Freely and completely soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Hematinic. Only slightly astringent; no special advantage over other iron salts.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 92]

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Ferri (Elix. Cinchon. et Ferr.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids and Iron, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae et Ferri N.F. III, Ferrated Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal).—Ferric phosphate (3.5%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids (about 92%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Ferri Phosphatis (Elix. Ferr. Phos.), Elixir of Ferric Phosphate, N.F.—Ferric phosphate (3.5%), water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis (Elix. Gent. et Ferr. Phosph.), Elixir of Gentian and Ferric Phosphate, N.F. (Elixir Gentianae Ferratum).—Ferric phosphate (1.75%), elixir of gentian (about 95%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum (Syr. Ferr. Quin. et Strych. Phos.), Syrup of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine, N.F.—Ferric phosphate (2%), quinine (2.6%), strychnine (0.02%), phosphoric acid (5%) in glycerin, water and syrup.

Uses: Needlessly complex “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Protochloridum, Ferrous Chloride (Iron Protochloride).

Liquor Ferri Protochloridi (Liq. Ferr. Protochlor.), Solution of Ferrous Chloride, N.F. (Solution of Protochloride of Iron).—A solution of ferrous chloride in glycerin and water.

Uses: Superfluous astringent iron solution.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Ferri Protochloridi (Syr. Ferr. Protochlor.), Syrup of Ferrous Chloride, N.F. (Syrup of Protochloride of Iron).—Solution of ferrous chloride (5%) in glycerin, orange flower water and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Pyrophosphas (Ferr. Pyrophos.), Ferric Pyrophosphate, N.F. (Soluble Ferric Pyrophosphate).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 93]

Thin, apple-green, transparent, odorless scales, with an acidulous, slightly saline taste. Freely and completely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used in iron elixirs; no special advantage over other soluble salts of iron.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains.

Elixir Ferri Pyrophosphatis (Elix. Ferr. Pyrophos.), Elixir of Ferric Pyrophosphate, N.F. (Elixir of Pyrophosphate of Iron).—Ferric pyrophosphate (3.5%), water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Ferri Pyrophosphatis, Quininae et Strychninae (Elix. Ferr. Pyrophos. Quin. et Strych.), Elixir of Ferric Pyrophosphate, Quinine and Strychnine, N.F.—Ferric pyrophosphate (3.5%), quinine sulphate (0.875%), strychnine citrate (0.014%), ammonium citrate, oil of orange, alcohol, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Uses: A needlessly complex “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Ferri Subsulphas, Ferric Subsulphate.

Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis (Liq. Ferr. Subsulph.), Solution of Ferric Subsulphate, U.S.P. (Monsel’s Solution, Solution of Basic Ferric Sulphate).

Uses: Local styptic and astringent.

*Ferri Sulphas (Ferr. Sulph.), Ferrous Sulphate, U.S.P. (Iron Protosulphate).—FeSO₄ + 7H₂O. (An impure product is commercially known as copperas).

Pale bluish-green, odorless crystals, with a saline styptic taste. Freely soluble (1:1.4) in water, insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Hematinic, especially in pills; but mainly used in making pharmaceutical preparations. Formerly used extensively as a disinfectant, but is only deodorant.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

*Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus (Ferr. Sulph. Exsic.), Exsiccated Ferrous Sulphate, U.S.P. (Dried Ferrous Sulphate).—Contains not less than 80 per cent. of FeSO₄.

Grayish-white powder.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 94]

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.) as pills.

Ferri Sulphas Granulatus (Ferr. Sulph. Gran.), Granulated Ferrous Sulphate, U.S.P. (Precipitated Ferrous Sulphate).—Purified ferrous sulphate.

Very pale, bluish-green, crystalline powder.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes et Nucis Vomicae (Pil. Ferr. Quin. Aloe. et Nuc. Vom.), Pills of Iron, Quinine, Aloes and Nux Vomica, N.F. (Pilulae Quadruplices, N.F. III, Quadruplex Pills, Quatuor Pills, Pilulae Ferri et Quininae Compositae).—Each pill contains exsiccated ferrous sulphate, quinine sulphate and aloes (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), extract of nux vomica (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain) and extract of gentian.

Uses: Antiquated, complex and irrational “tonic.”

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Ferri Tersulphas, Ferric Sulphate (Iron Tersulphate).

Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis (Liq. Ferr. Tersulph.), Solution of Ferric Sulphate U.S.P. (Solution of Iron Tersulphate).

Uses: For making pharmaceutical preparations.

*Ferrum (Ferr.), Iron, U.S.P.—Metallic iron, Fe, in the form of fine, bright, and non-elastic wire.

Uses: For making the salts.

Ferrum Albuminatum, Iron Albuminate.

Liquor Ferri Albuminati (Liq. Ferr. Albumin.), Solution of Albuminate of Iron, N.F.—Contains albuminate of iron equivalent to about 0.4% of iron, Fe, in aromatic elixir, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Uses: Non-astringent iron preparation; converted into simple ionic iron by dilute acids.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Ferrum Peptonatum, Iron Peptonate.

Liquor Ferri Peptonati (Liq. Ferr. Pepton.), Solution of Peptonate of Iron, N.F.—Contains a compound of iron and peptonized fresh egg albumin representing 0.4 per cent. metallic iron, Fe; flavored with oil of orange, acetic ether and vanillin in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 14 per cent.

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 95]

Uses: Non-astringent inorganic iron preparation.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Liquor Ferri Peptonati et Mangani (Liq. Ferr. Pepton. et Mangan.), Solution of Peptonate of Iron and Manganese, N.F. (Liquor Ferri Peptonati cum Mangano, N.F. III).—Solution of peptonate of iron with soluble manganese citrate (1%). Absolute alcohol content about 14 per cent.

Uses: Combination of iron and manganese, of doubtful advantage over the solution of peptonate of iron.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Ferrum Reductum (Ferr. Reduct.), Reduced Iron, U.S.P. (Ferrum Redactum, Iron by Hydrogen, Quevenne’s Iron).—Metallic iron, Fe (not less than 90%), obtained by reduction of iron oxide by hydrogen.

Very fine, grayish-black, lusterless, odorless and tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: A hematinic, relatively non-irritant; given preferably just before meals in the form of pills or powder enclosed in capsules or cachets.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.

Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Fortiores (Pil. Ferr., Quin., Strych. et Arsen. Fort.), Stronger Pills of Iron, Quinine, Strychnine, and Arsenic, N.F. (Pilulae Metallorum, N.F. III, Metallic Pills, Pilulae Metallorum Amarae, Bitter Metallic Pills).—Each pill contains reduced iron and quinine sulphate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), strychnine and arsenic trioxide (each 0.0032 Gm. or 1/20 grain) with clarified honey.

Uses: Complex and irrational tonic.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Mites (Pil. Ferr., Quin., Strych. et Arsen. Mit.), Mild Pills of Iron, Quinine, Strychnine and Arsenic, N.F. (Aitken Tonic Pills).—Each pill contains reduced iron (0.045 Gm. or 2/3 grain), quinine sulphate (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), strychnine and arsenic trioxide (each 0.0013 Gm. or 1/50 grain) with clarified honey.

Uses: Complex and irrational tonic.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Note:—The prescribing of iron can be greatly simplified, without sacrificing anything of real value, if physicians will confine themselves to the starred preparations.[Pg 96]

Ficus (Ficus), Fig, N.F.

Action and Uses: Mild laxative.

FLUIDEXTRACTA, FLUIDEXTRACTS.—Fluidextracts are concentrated liquid preparations of vegetable drugs, generally containing alcohol either as a solvent or as a preservative. One Cc. represents the extractives from 1 Gm. of drug.

The statements in this book regarding alcohol content are approximate and are based on the alcohol contents of the menstruum used. For the official preparations see under the names of the respective drugs. For Fluidextractum Aromaticum, see under Cinnamomum Saigonicum.

FLUIDGLYCERATA, FLUIDGLYCERATES.—Preparations intended to be of the same drug strength as fluidextracts—that is, representing 100 Gm. of drug in 100 Cc. of preparation—but containing about 50 per cent. by volume of glycerin and no alcohol. For the various fluidglycerates, see under the names of the respective drugs.

Foeniculum (Foenic.), Fennel, U.S.P. (Fennel Seed).

Action and Uses: Aromatic and carminative.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

*Formaldehydum, Formaldehyde.—CH₂O.

*Liquor Formaldehydi (Liq. Formaldehyd.), Solution of Formaldehyde, U.S.P.—CH₂O (not less than 37%) with methyl alcohol and water.

Action and Uses: A powerful germicide, especially valuable in the form of gas for its penetrating power. Its irritant actions generally preclude its use on the body.

For disinfecting rooms, from 150 Cc. or 5 fluidounces to 1 quart or 1 liter of the official formaldehyde solution are allowed to each 1,000 cubic feet of space by various authorities. Various methods have been employed. One is to allow the solution to evaporate from sheets suspended in the tightly closed room. Another is to generate the gas in the room by treating the solution with potassium permanganate, allowing about 110 Gm. or 3-1/2 ounces of potassium permanganate to 500 Cc. or 1 pint of formaldehyde solution. A third method utilizes the reaction between formaldehyde solution and sodium dichromate in the presence of sulphuric acid, used in the proportion of 45 Cc.[Pg 97] or 1-1/2 fluidounces of sulphuric acid and 280 Gm. or 9 ounces of sodium dichromate to 500 Cc. or 1 pint of formaldehyde solution. These methods are not effective if the temperature of the room be below 60 F. or the relative humidity below 65 per cent.

Frangula (Frang.), Frangula, U.S.P. (Buckthorn Bark).

Action and Uses: Similar to those of cascara sagrada; used principally as fluidextract.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Catharticum Compositum (Elix. Cathart. Co.), Compound Cathartic Elixir, N.F.—Fluidextract of frangula (12.5%), fluidextract of senna (10%), fluidextract of rhubarb (6.2%), spirit of peppermint, solution of potassium hydroxide and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Uses: Needlessly complicated cathartic.

Dosage: Aperient, 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.); cathartic, 12 Cc. or 3 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Frangulae (Fldext. Frangul.), Fluidextract of Frangula, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Buckthorn Bark).—Frangula (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Fraxinus (Fraxin.), White Ash Bark, N.F.

Action and Uses: Formerly used as tonic, astringent and purgative. No established indications for its use.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Vinum Fraxini (Vin. Frax.), Wine of White Ash, N.F.—White ash bark (50%), in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Fucus (Fucus), Fucus, N.F. (Bladderwrack).—A sea weed.

Action and Uses: Formerly used against goiters and tuberculous glands; may be of some value through its iodine content, but has no special advantage over other iodine preparations.

Dosage: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Fuci (Fldext. Fuci), Fluidextract of Fucus, N.F.—Fucus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.65 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).[Pg 98]

Galangal (Galang.), Galangal, N.F.—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative, resembling ginger and without advantage over the latter.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

Galega (Galeg.), Galega, N.F. (European Goat’s Rue).—Flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Exploited as a galactagogue and nerve stimulant; has no established value.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Galegae (Fldext. Galeg.), Fluidextract of Galega, N.F.—Galega (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Galla (Gall.), Nutgall, U.S.P. (Aleppo Galls, Smyrna Galls).

Incompatible with the salts of iron, lead, copper or silver.

Action and Uses: Astringent. Used especially as ointment, but has no advantage over tannic acid.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Gallae (Tr. Gall.), Tincture of Nutgall, N.F.—Nutgall (20%) in glycerin and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Unguentum Gallae (Ung. Gall.), Nutgall Ointment, U.S.P.—Nutgall (20%) in ointment.

Gambir (Gambir), Gambir, U.S.P. (Pale Catechu).—A dried extract.

Action and Uses: Astringent; used against diarrhea.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (in form of tincture).

Pulvis Gambir Compositus (Pulv. Gambir Co.), Compound Powder of Gambir, N.F. (Pulvis Catechu Compositus, N.F. III).—Gambir (40%), kino (20%) and krameria (20%), with Saigon cinnamon and nutmeg.

Uses: Needlessly complex intestinal astringent.

Dosage: 1.3 Gm. or 20 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Gambir Composita (Tr. Gambir Co.), Compound Tincture of Gambir, U.S.P. (Compound Tincture of Pale Catechu).—Gambir (5%) with Saigon cinnamon in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.[Pg 99]

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Trochisci Gambir (Troch. Gambir), Troches of Gambir, N.F.—Each troche contains gambir (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, sugar and oil of cinnamon.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

*Gelatinum (Gelat.), Gelatin, U.S.P.—Obtained from skin, ligaments, bones, etc.

Insoluble in cold water but swells and softens when immersed in it; soluble in hot water and in glycerin; insoluble in alcohol and similar solvents.

Action and Uses: Used as a food product. Also, by mouth or by injection, with the intention of increasing the coagulability of the blood; of doubtful value. May contain tetanus spores.

Gelatinum Glycerinatum (Gelat. Glycerin.), Glycerinated Gelatin, U.S.P.—Consists of equal parts of gelatin and glycerin.

Uses: Base for suppositories, bougies, etc.

Gelsemium (Gelsem.), Gelsemium, U.S.P. (Yellow Jasmine Root, Yellow Jessamine).

Action and Uses: Used in migraine and neuralgia, and in the treatment of ovarian, rheumatic and uterine pain. Efficiency uncertain. Untoward symptoms sometimes result from comparatively small doses.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.). (Not used as such).

Extractum Gelsemii (Ext. Gelsem.), Extract of Gelsemium, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Gelsemium).—One Gm. of extract represents 4 Gm. of gelsemium.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Gelsemii (Fldext. Gelsem.), Fluidextract of Gelsemium, U.S.P.—Gelsemium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Gelsemii (Tr. Gelsem.), Tincture of Gelsemium, U.S.P.—Gelsemium (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 62 per cent.

Dosage: 0.25 Cc. or 4 minims (U.S.P.).

*Gentiana (Gentian.), Gentian, U.S.P. (Yellow Gentian Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Probably the most widely used of the simple bitters.[Pg 100]

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Gentianae (Elix. Gent.), Elixir of Gentian, N.F.—Fluidextract of gentian (3.5%), compound spirit of cardamom, sodium citrate, glycerin, syrup, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: An agreeable aromatic bitter stomachic.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Gentianae et Ferri, N.F.—See under Ferri Citro-Chloridum.

Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis, N.F.—See under Ferri Phosphas.

Elixir Gentianae Glycerinatum (Elix. Gent. Glycerin.), Glycerinated Elixir of Gentian, N.F.—Fluidextract of gentian (1%), fluidextract of taraxacum (1.5%), acetic ether, phosphoric acid, tincture of sweet orange peel, compound tincture of cardamom, glycerin, sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 11 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.

*Extractum Gentianae (Ext. Gentian.), Extract of Gentian, U.S.P.—A pilular extract.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Gentianae (Fldext. Gentian.), Fluidextract of Gentian, U.S.P.—Gentian (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Infusum Gentianae Compositum (Inf. Gent. Co.), Compound Infusion of Gentian, N.F.—Gentian (3%), coriander and bitter orange peel in diluted alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Tinctura Amara (Tr. Amar.), Bitter Tincture, N.F. (Stomachic Tincture, Bitter Stomachic Drops, Stomach Drops).—Gentian (6%), centaury (6%), zedoary (2%) and bitter orange peel in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Uses: Bitter stomachic, complex and without special value.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Tinctura Gentianae Composita (Tr. Gentian. Co.), Compound Tincture of Gentian, U.S.P.—Gentian (10%), bitter orange peel and cardamom seed in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.[Pg 101]

Uses: Aromatic Bitter.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Geranium (Geran.), Geranium, N.F. (Cranesbill).—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: Obsolete intestinal astringent, without special advantage over krameria, etc.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Geranii (Fldext. Geran.), Fluidextract of Geranium, N.F.—Geranium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Glucosum (Glucos.), Glucose, U.S.P. (Syrupy Glucose, Liquid Glucose).—Chiefly dextrose (d-glucose) and dextrins.

Colorless or nearly colorless, odorless or nearly odorless, thick, syrupy, sweet liquid. Soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Pill excipient. Pure dextrose is also employed in saline injections.

*Glycerinum (Glycerin.), Glycerin, U.S.P. (Glycerol).—C₃H₅(OH)₃.

A colorless, syrupy, practically odorless liquid, with a sweet taste, and producing a sensation of warmth in the mouth. Miscible with water and alcohol; insoluble in chloroform or ether.

Action and Uses: Used as solvent, sweetening agent, demulcent and emollient. The enema or suppositories are promptly evacuant.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Suppositoria Glycerini (Supp. Glycerin.), Suppositories of Glycerin, U.S.P.—Glycerin with a stearic acid soap.

Uses: Rectal evacuant.

Suppositoria Boroglycerini (Suppos. Boroglycer.), Suppositories of Boroglycerin, N.F.—Glycerite of boroglycerin (7.5%) with glycerinated gelatin and glycerin.

Uses: Antiseptic evacuant.

GLYCERITA, GLYCERITES.—Solutions of medicinal substances in glycerin. For the various glycerites, see under the names of the principal ingredients. For Glyceritum Boroglycerini, see under Acidum Boricum; for Glyceritum Vitelli, see under Ovi Vitellum Recens.

*Glycerylis Nitras, Glyceryl Trinitrate (Nitroglycerin, Trinitrin, Glonoin).—C₃H₅(NO₃)₃.

Action and Uses: Vasodilator, acting more slowly than amyl nitrite.[Pg 102]

Pilulae Glycerylis Nitratis (Pil. Glycer. Nit.), Pills of Nitroglycerin, N.F. (Pilulae Glonoini, N.F. III, Pills of Glonoin).—Each pill contains spirit of glyceryl trinitrate and althaea (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with confection of rose.

Uses: Inferior to the tablets.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

*Spiritus Glycerylis Nitratis (Sp. Glyceryl. Nit.), Spirit of Glyceryl Trinitrate, U.S.P. (Spirit of Glonoin, Spirit of Nitroglycerin).—Glyceryl trinitrate (about 1%) in alcohol.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.) dropped on the tongue.

*Glycyrrhiza (Glycyrrh.), Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P. (Licorice, Liquorice Root).

Action and Uses: Used to disguise the taste of drugs and as demulcent expectorant. The preparations are incompatible with acids.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Glycyrrhizae and Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aromaticum.—See under Alcohol.

Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aquosum (Elix. Glycyrrh. Aq.), Aqueous Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, N.F. (Aqueous Elixir of Licorice).—Fluidextract of glycyrrhiza (15%), compound spirit of cardamom, stronger orange flower water, glycerin, syrup and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 3 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.

Extractum Glycyrrhizae (Ext. Glycyrrh.), Extract of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P. (Extract of Licorice).—The commercial extract of glycyrrhiza. Incompletely soluble in water (60%).

Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum (Ext. Glycyrrh. Pur.), Pure Extract of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P.—A pilular extract.

*Fluidextractum Glycyrrhizae (Fldext. Glycyrrh.), Fluidextract of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P.—Glycyrrhiza (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidglyceratum Glycyrrhizae (Fldglycer. Glycyrrh.), Fluidglycerate of Glycyrrhiza, N.F. (Fluidglycerate of Licorice).—Glycyrrhiza (100%) in glycerin and water, made alkaline with ammonia water.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims.[Pg 103]

Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita, U.S.P.—See under Opium.

Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus, U.S.P.—See under Senna.

Syrupus Glycyrrhizae (Syr. Glycyrrhiz.), Syrup of Glycyrrhiza, N.F. (Syrup of Licorice).—Fluidglycerate of glycyrrhiza (25%) in syrup.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum (Glycyrrh. Ammon.), Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin, U.S.P.—The sweet principle of glycyrrhiza, combined with ammonia.

Dark brown or brownish-red, odorless scales, with a very sweet taste. Freely soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. Incompatible with acids.

Action and Uses: Intended as aubstitute for extract of glycyrrhiza, over which it presents no advantage.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Gossypii Cortex (Gossyp. Cort.), Cotton Root Bark, N.F.—Recently gathered or dried bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Exploited as emmenagogue, but without established value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Gossypii Corticis (Fldext. Gossyp. Cort.), Fluidextract of Cotton Root Bark, N.F.—Cotton root bark (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Gossypium Purificatum (Gossyp. Purif.), Purified Cotton, U.S.P. (Absorbent Cotton).

Action and Uses: Used as an absorbent surgical dressing and as a filtering agent.

Gossypium Stypticum.—See under Ferri Chloridum.

Granatum (Granat.), Pomegranate, U.S.P. (Pomegranate Bark).

Action and Uses: the decoction or fluidextract expels tapeworm. Both are strongly astringent and often produce vomiting.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Granati (Fldext. Granat.), Fluidextract of Pomegranate, U.S.P.—Pomegranate (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).[Pg 104]

Grindelia (Grindel.), Grindelia, U.S.P.—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Used with doubtful results in spasmodic asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, and hay fever, and locally against ivy poisoning. It is a feeble drug and its action has not been clearly defined.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Grindeliae (Fldext. Grindel.), Fluidextract of Grindelia, U.S.P.—Grindelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Guaiaci Lignum (Guaiac. Lig.), Guaiac Wood, N.F. (Lignum Vitae).

Action and Uses: Reputed “alterative,” but without established value. No advantage over guaiac resin.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

*Guaiacol (Guaiacol), Guaiacol, U.S.P.—Obtained from wood-tar creosote or prepared synthetically.

Colorless or yellowish solid or liquid, with an aromatic odor and a strong phenolic taste. Soluble in water (1:53), freely soluble in glycerin (1:0.8) and miscible with alcohol, chloroform or ether.

Action and Uses: Used as intestinal antiseptic and bronchial stimulant, similar to creosote; less irritant but also less active. Inunction with 50 per cent. solution in oil is antipyretic but it is less powerful and more uncertain than acetphenetidin, etc. Action is difficult to control and collapse may occur.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

*Guaiacolis Carbonas (Guaiacol. Carb.), Guaiacol Carbonate, U.S.P.

White, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless powder. Soluble in alcohol (1:60) and in ether (1:18); insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: Being insoluble in water, it is less disagreeable and less irritating than guaiacol, but liberates this substance in the intestines. Used as intestinal antiseptic and against bronchitis.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). in powders or cachets.

Guaiacum (Guaiac.), Guaiac, U.S.P. (Guaiac Resin).

Action and Uses: Formerly used as an “alterative,” against syphilis, chronic rheumatism and gout; and as throat lozenges for its mildly irritant action. It produces [Pg 105]no definite systemic effects, except as a mild laxative and possibly diuretic. Its value is very doubtful. The ammoniated tincture is the most active preparation.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Gargarisma Guaiaci Compositum (Garg. Guaiac. Co.), Compound Gargle of Guaiac, N.F.—Ammoniated tincture of guaiac (10%), compound tincture of cinchona (10%), potassium chlorate (4%), with clarified honey and oil of peppermint in water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Uses: Complex and irrational mixture.

Glyceritum Guaiaci (Glycer. Guaiac.), Glycerite of Guaiac, N.F.—Guaiac (8.5%) and solution of potassium hydroxide in glycerin and water.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Mistura Guaiaci (Mist. Guaiac.), Mixture of Guaiac, N.F.—Tincture of guaiac (12.5%) in clarified honey and cinnamon water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Petroxolinum Guaiacolis (Petrox. Guaiacol.), Guaiacol Petroxolin, N.F. (Guaiacol Petrox).—Guaiacol (20%) in oleic acid and liquid petroxolin.

Tinctura Guaiaci (Tr. Guaiac.), Tincture of Guaiac, U.S.P.—Guaiac (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata (Tr. Guaiac. Ammon.), Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiac, U.S.P.—Guaiac (20%) in aromatic spirit of ammonia. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Guaiaci Composita (Tr. Guaiac. Co.), Compound Tincture of Guaiac, N.F. (Dewees’ Tincture of Guaiac).—Guaiac (12.5%), potassium carbonate and pimenta in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Guarana (Guarana), Guarana, U.S.P.—Paste consisting chiefly of crushed seeds yielding not less than 4 per cent. of caffeine.

Action and Uses: Used for its caffeine. There is no reason for using it instead of caffeine.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).[Pg 106]

Elixir Guaranae (Elix. Guar.), Elixir of Guarana, N.F.—Fluidextract of guarana (20%), compound elixir of taraxacum (60%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 34 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Guaranae (Fldext. Guaran.), Fluidextract of Guarana, U.S.P.—Guarana (100%) yielding about 4 per cent. of caffeine. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Gutta Percha (Gutta Percha), Gutta Percha, N.F.—A purified, coagulated tree sap.

Action and Uses: Used for technical purposes in dentistry.

Liquor Guttae Perchae (Liq. Gut. Perch.), Solution of Gutta Percha, N.F.—A clarified solution of gutta percha in chloroform.

Haematoxylon (Haematox.), Hematoxylon, N.F. (Logwood).

Action and Uses: Intestinal astringent, without advantage over krameria, etc.

Extractum Haematoxyli (Ext. Haematox.), Extract of Hematoxylon, N.F.—An aqueous extract.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Hamamelidis Folia (Hamamel. Fol.), Hamamelis Leaves, N.F. (Witch Hazel Leaves).

Action and Uses: Astringent, without advantage over other tannin-bearing drugs (krameria, etc.).

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Hamamelidis Foliorum (Fldext. Hamamel. Fol.), Fluidextract of Hamamelis Leaves, N.F.—Hamamelis leaves (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Hamamelis (Witch Hazel).

Aqua Hamamelidis (Aq. Hamam.), Hamamelis Water, U.S.P. (Witch Hazel Water, Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel).—Witch hazel bark, twigs, smaller stems or entire shrub, distilled with water and preserved with about 14 per cent. of alcohol.

Uses: Employed externally, for contusions. It owes its feeble activity mainly to the alcohol.[Pg 107]

Helianthemum (Helianth.), Helianthemum, N.F. (Rock-Rose, Frost-Weed).—The dried herb.

Action and Uses: Obsolete astringent, tonic, alterative and emetic; unreliable and without established value.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Helianthemi (Fldext. Helianth.), Fluidextract of Helianthemum, N.F.—Helianthemum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Helonias (Helon.), Helonias, N.F. (False Unicorn).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Ingredient of “female remedies”; without established value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Heloniatis (Fldext. Helon.), Fluidextract of Helonias, N.F.—Helonias (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Hexamethylenamina (Hexam.), Hexamethylenamine, U.S.P. (Hexamethylene-tetramine; also sold as urotropine, aminoform, formamin, formin, cystamin, cystogen, urisol and uritone).—(CH₂)₆N₄, a condensation product of ammonia and formaldehyde.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and with a sweetish taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5) and in alcohol (1:12.5). Incompatible with acids, with ammonium salts, with tannin and with mercuric chloride.

Action and Uses: Useful urinary antiseptic, liberating formaldehyde in the presence of acids (not otherwise). Also used as prophylactic against infection in bile and in other body fluids, but inefficient since these fluids are not acid.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in solution. When sodium acid phosphate is given to render the urine acid, hexamethylenamine should not be taken until the phosphate has left the stomach.

*Homatropinae Hydrobromidum (Homatrop. Hydrobr.), Homatropine Hydrobromide, U.S.P. (Homatropine Bromide).

White, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water (1:6) and soluble in alcohol (1:40).

Action and Uses: Used as mydriatic and cycloplegic. Its effects resemble those of atropine but occur more promptly and disappear in shorter time.[Pg 108]

Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.). May be used in aqueous solution of 2 per cent. strength, or a drop of a 1:500 solution may be introduced into the conjunctival sac every five minutes for five times to produce a maximum dilatation in three quarters of an hour.

Humulus (Humul.), Hops, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Formerly used as aromatic bitter stomachic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Humuli (Elix. Humul.), Elixir of Hops, N.F.—Fluidextract of hops (12.5%), compound elixir of taraxacum, tincture of vanilla and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Humuli (Fldext. Humul.), Fluidextract of Hops, N.F.—Hops (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Humuli (Tr. Humul.), Tincture of Hops, N.F.—Hops (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Uses: Bitter stomachic.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Hydrangea (Hydrang.), Hydrangea, N.F. (Seven-Barks).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Obsolete cathartic, diuretic and diaphoretic; without established value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Hydrangeae (Fldext. Hydrang.), Fluidextract of Hydrangea, N.F.—Hydrangea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum (Hydrarg. Chlor. Corr.), Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, U.S.P. (Bichloride of Mercury, Corrosive Sublimate, Mercuric Chloride, Perchloride of Mercury).—HgCl₂.

Heavy, colorless crystals, crystalline masses or white powder, odorless and with a characteristic metallic taste. Slowly soluble in water (1:13.5) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3.8). Its solubility in water is increased by the addition of sodium or ammonium chloride. Incompatible with soluble carbonates and hydroxides, with iodides and with alkaloids and other organic compounds. Reduced to calomel or metallic mercury by iron, zinc and other reducing agents.

[Pg 109]

Action and Uses: Chiefly as a germicide and antiseptic; also as a specific antisyphilitic agent. Acute mercuric chloride poisoning is treated by raw eggs and lavage.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.) in solution or pills. For hypodermic use in syphilis 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain daily (produces marked pain and irritation). As antiseptic externally in solution from 1:20,000 to 1:2,000. As disinfectant of clothing, in 1:1,000 solution.

Mulla Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi (Mull. Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros.), Corrosive Mercuric Chloride Mull, N.F. (Unguentum Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi Extensum, N.F. III).—Corrosive mercuric chloride (0.2%), alcohol, benzoinated suet and benzoinated lard.

Toxitabellae Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi (Toxitabel. Hydrarg. Chlor. Corr.), Poison Tablets of Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, U.S.P. (Corrosive Sublimate Tablets, Bichloride Tablets).—Tablets of an angular shape colored blue, each having the word “Poison” and the skull and cross bones design distinctly stamped on it. Each 1 Gm. tablet contains about 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains corrosive mercuric chloride and 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains sodium chloride.

*Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite (Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit.), Mild Mercurous Chloride, U.S.P. (Mercurous Chloride, Calomel, Protochloride of Mercury, Subchloride of Mercury).—HgCl.

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water, alcohol or ether. Incompatible with alkalies, with oxidizing acids like nitric acid, and with soluble bromides and iodides.

Action and Uses: A slow cathartic, fairly powerful and relatively non-irritant. Should usually be followed by a saline laxative. Should not be taken continuously as it may salivate. Also employed as a diuretic in cardiac dropsies. Intramuscular injections are very efficiently antisyphilitic, but painful.

Dosage: Laxative, 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); alterative, 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). From 0.005 to 0.02 Gm., or from 1/12 to 1/3 grain, may be given every half hour or hour until from 0.1 to 0.2 Gm., or from 1-1/2 to 3 grains have been given. In the treatment of syphilis 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grain in oily suspension is injected about once a week.

Lotio Nigra (Lot. Nigr.), Black Lotion, N.F. (Black Wash, Aqua Phagedaenica Nigra).—A suspension of mercurous oxide, Hg₂O, produced by the action of lime water on mild mercurous chloride.[Pg 110]

Uses: Mercurial antiseptic.

Pulvis Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis et Jalapae (Pulv. Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit. et Jalap.), Powder of Mild Mercurous Chloride and Jalap, N.F. (Calomel and Jalap).—Mild mercurous chloride (34%) and jalap (66%).

Uses: Drastic purgative.

Dosage: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).

*Hydrargyri Iodidum Flavum (Hydrarg. Iod. Flav.), Yellow Mercurous Iodide, U.S.P. (Mercurous Iodide, Protoiodide of Mercury, Yellow Iodide of Mercury).—HgI.

Bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water and wholly insoluble in alcohol or ether. Decomposed by oxidizing agents, alkalies and the haloid salts of the alkali metals (chlorides, bromides or iodides).

Action and Uses: Used principally as an antisyphilitic; generally given in the form of pills. Like all ingestion methods of treating syphilis, much less reliable than the intramuscular administration of mercurials and is falling into disuse on account of relative inefficiency. Has proved of value in lichen ruber planus.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

*Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum (Hydrarg. Iod. Rub.), Red Mercuric Iodide, U.S.P. (Biniodide of Mercury, Mercuric Iodide, Red Iodide of Mercury).—HgI₂.

Scarlet-red, odorless, nearly tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:115); soluble in solutions of soluble iodides, sodium thiosulphate and hot solutions of alkali chlorides.

Action and Uses: Mercuric Iodide, dissolved with potassium or sodium iodide, is used as an antiseptic, germicide and antisyphilitic. It is practically as effective as mercuric chloride and less irritant or corrosive.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).

Liquor Hydrargyri et Potassii Iodidi (Liq. Hydrarg. et Pot. Iod.), Solution of Mercury and Potassium Iodide, N.F. (Solution of Potassium Iodohydrargyrate, Channing’s Solution).—Red mercuric iodide (1%), potassium iodide (0.8%), and water.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Hydrargyri Nitras, Mercuric Nitrate.—Hg(NO₃)₂.

Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis (Liq. Hydrarg. Nit.), Solution of Mercuric Nitrate, N.F.—Hg(NO₃)₂ (60%).

Uses: Caustic.[Pg 111]

Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis (Ung. Hydrarg. Nit.), Ointment of Mercuric Nitrate, U.S.P. (Citrine Ointment).—Mercuric nitrate (equivalent to mercury 7%) in lard.

*Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum (Hydrarg. Oxid. Flav.), Yellow Mercuric Oxide, U.S.P.—HgO.

Light orange-yellow, heavy, odorless powder, with a somewhat metallic taste. Almost insoluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, readily dissolved by dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.

Action and Uses: The ointment is used, especially on the eye, as an antiseptic and stimulant; also to some extent in impetiginous affections.

Dosage: For the eye, 2 per cent.; for the skin, from 5 to 10 per cent.

Lotio Flava (Lot. Flav.), Yellow Lotion, N.F. (Yellow Wash, Aqua Phagedaenica Flava).—A suspension of mercuric oxide produced by the action of lime water on mercuric chloride.

Uses: Mercurial antiseptic.

*Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi (Ung. Hydrarg. Oxid. Flav.), Ointment of Yellow Mercuric Oxide, U.S.P.—Yellow mercuric oxide (10%) in water, hydrous wool fat and petrolatum.

Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum (Hydrarg. Oxid. Rub.), Red Mercuric Oxide, U.S.P. (Red Precipitate).—HgO.

Heavy, orange-red scales or powder, odorless and with a somewhat metallic taste. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol, readily dissolved by nitric acid.

Action and Uses: Occasionally used externally in the form of an ointment and as a parasiticide. Without advantage over yellow oxide.

Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri (Ung. Hydrarg. Oxid. Rub.), Ointment of Red Mercuric Oxide, N.F.—Red mercuric oxide (10%) in water, hydrous wool fat and petrolatum.

*Hydrargyri Salicylas (Hydrarg. Salicyl.), Mercuric Salicylate, U.S.P. (Mercuric Subsalicylate).—Contains Hg (about 57%).

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water or alcohol. Dissolved by solutions of the fixed alkalies or their carbonates.

Action and Uses: Used as antisyphilitic especially by intramuscular injection of oily suspensions; also as local antiseptic.[Pg 112]

Dosage: 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain (U.S.P.). By intramuscular injection, 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims of a 10 per cent. suspension in liquid petrolatum once in four days.

*Hydrargyrum (Hydrarg.), Mercury, U.S.P. (Quicksilver).—Hg.

Shining, silver-white, odorless, tasteless metal, liquid at ordinary temperatures. Insoluble in the ordinary solvents.

Action and Uses: Its preparations are used to secure the systemic effects of mercury and locally against parasites.

*Hydrargyrum cum Creta (Hydrarg. cum Cret.), Mercury with Chalk, U.S.P. (Gray Powder).—Mercury (38%), with prepared chalk (57%), honey and water.

Light gray, odorless, rather damp powder, with a slightly sweet taste.

Action and Uses: A mild cathartic acting like calomel. Also used in the treatment of infantile and hereditary syphilis and of syphilis in aged patients.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), as powder.

*Massa Hydrargyri (Mass. Hydrarg.), Mass of Mercury, U.S.P. (Blue Mass, Blue Pill).—Hg (about 33%) in pill mass.

Uses: Mainly as cathartic.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Hydrargyri (Oleat. Hydrarg.), Oleate of Mercury, U.S.P.—A mixture of mercury oleate and oleic acid equivalent to 25 per cent. of HgO.

Uses: Alterative, antisyphilitic; rarely used.

Petroxolinum Hydrargyri (Petrox. Hydrarg.), Mercury Petroxolin, N.F. (Mercury Petrox).—Mercury (30%) in hydrous wool fat, oleic acid and solid petroxolin.

*Unguentum Hydrargyri (Ung. Hydrarg.), Mercurial Ointment, U.S.P.—Metallic mercury (about 50%) and oleate of mercury (2%) with prepared suet and benzoinated lard.

Uses: Especially to secure the systemic effects of mercury by inunction.

*Unguentum Hydrargyri Dilutum (Ung. Hydrarg. Dil.), Diluted Mercurial Ointment, U.S.P. (Blue Ointment, Hydrargyri Unguentum P.I.).—Mercurial ointment (60%) equivalent to about 30 per cent. of metallic mercury, with petrolatum.

Uses: Especially in pediculosis.[Pg 113]

*Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum (Hydrarg. Ammon.), Ammoniated Mercury, U.S.P. (White Precipitate).—Mercurammonium chloride, HgNH₂Cl, corresponding to about 79 per cent. of Hg.

White, odorless lumps or powder, with an earthy, afterward styptic and metallic taste. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: The ointment is extensively used as a cutaneous antiseptic especially for impetigo contagiosa and other pustular dermatoses and ringworm of the scalp. Also used for removing scales of psoriasis. It may cause salivation.

Dosage: From 2 to 10 per cent. ointment.

*Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati (Ung. Hydrarg. Ammon.), Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury, U.S.P. (White Precipitate Ointment).—Ammoniated mercury (10%) in white petrolatum and hydrous wool fat.

Hydrastina (Hydrastina), Hydrastine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from hydrastis or prepared synthetically.

White crystals or powder. Almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol (1:170).

Action and Uses: Used in the treatment of urethral and vesical catarrh and as a systemic hemostatic, especially in excessive menstruation. Its efficiency and the mechanism of its action are doubtful.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

Hydrastinae Hydrochloridum (Hydrastin. Hydrochl.), Hydrastine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Hydrastine Chloride).

White, odorless, bitter powder. Very soluble in water and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Those of hydrastine.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

Liquor Hydrastinae Compositus (Liq. Hydrastin. Co.), Compound Solution of Hydrastine, N.F. (Colorless Hydrastine Solution).—Hydrastine hydrochloride (0.3%), aluminum chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride (each 0.3%), potassium chloride (0.1%) in glycerin and water.

Uses: Complex and irrational astringent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Hydrastininae Hydrochloridum (Hydrastinin. Hydrochl.), Hydrastinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Hydrastinine [Pg 114]Chloride).—The hydrochloride of hydrastinine, an alkaloid obtained synthetically from hydrastine.

Yellowish, odorless crystals or powder. Soluble in chloroform (1:195); very soluble in water and alcohol.

Action and Uses: Hydrastinine resembles hydrastine in its action but is said to be less depressing. Hydrastinine has a pronounced pressor effect on peripheral vessels, causing a rise of blood pressure.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

*Hydrastis (Hydrastis), Hydrastis, U.S.P. (Golden Seal).—Rhizome and roots, yielding not less than 2.5 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids, chiefly hydrastin.

Action and Uses: Hydrastis is an unpleasant bitter; it possesses no advantages over other simple bitters (gentian). It has been asserted to have a special influence on mucous membranes favoring their nutrition and return to a normal condition. There is little or no experimental evidence to bear out the claim for any special action.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Hydrastis (Ext. Hydrast.), Extract of Hydrastis, U.S.P. (Extract of Golden Seal, Powdered Extract of Hydrastis).—One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. hydrastis. Yields about 10 per cent. of alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

*Fluidextractum Hydrastis (Fldext. Hydrast.), Fluidextract of Hydrastis, U.S.P.—Hydrastis (100%), yielding about 2 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Glyceritum Hydrastis (Glycer. Hydrast.), Glycerite of Hydrastis, U.S.P. (Glycerite of Golden Seal).—Hydrastis (100%) yielding not less than 1.245 per cent. of alkaloids.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Hydrastis (Tr. Hydrast.), Tincture of Hydrastis, U.S.P. (Tincture of Golden Seal).—Hydrastis (20%), yielding about 0.4 per cent. of hydrastin; in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Hydrogenii Dioxidum, Hydrogen Dioxide (Hydrogen [Pg 115]Peroxide).—H₂O₂.

*Liquor Hydrogenii Dioxidi (Liq. Hydrog. Diox.), Solution of Hydrogen Dioxide, U.S.P. (Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidii, U.S.P. VIII, Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide).—H₂O₂ (not less than 3%).

Action and Uses: Nontoxic and fairly efficient local antiseptic and detergent, useful mainly for the destruction of pus. Used on suppurating wounds and as a mouthwash and gargle; also as a bleaching agent. Should not be injected into a wound unless free drainage is present.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.). For external application should be diluted about 1:4.

Hyoscyaminae Hydrobromidum (Hyoscyamin. Hydrobr.), Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide, U.S.P. (Hyoscyamine Bromide).—Obtained from hyoscyamus and other plants of the nightshade family.

White, odorless crystals. Freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.5) and in chloroform (1:1.7); very soluble in water.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of atropine; is usually more sedative to the brain, but at times produces acute delirium. The drug is very uncertain.

Dosage: 0.3 mg. or 1/200 grain (U.S.P.).

*Hyoscyamus (Hyosc.), Hyoscyamus, U.S.P. (Henbane, Hyoscyami Folium, P.I.).—Leaves and tops, yielding not less than 0.065 per cent. of alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of belladonna.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Hyoscyami (Ext. Hyosc.), Extract of Hyoscyamus, U.S.P.—One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. hyoscyamus. Yields about 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Hyoscyami (Fldext. Hyosc.), Fluidextract of Hyoscyamus, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Henbane).—Hyoscyamus (100%) yielding about 0.065 per cent. of alkaloids, chiefly hyoscyamine. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Oleum Hyoscyami Compositum (Ol. Hyosc. Co.), Compound Oil of Hyoscyamus, N.F. (Balsamum Tranquillans).—Infused oil of hyoscyamus (hyoscyamus 10%) flavored with oils of lavender, peppermint, rosemary and thyme.

*Tinctura Hyoscyami (Tr. Hyosc.), Tincture of Hyoscyamus, U.S.P. (Tincture of Henbane, Hyoscyami Tinctura, P.I.).—Hyoscyamus (10%), yielding about 0.0065 per [Pg 116]cent. of hyoscyamus alkaloids; in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Hypophysis Sicca (Hypophysis Sic.), Desiccated Hypophysis, U.S.P. (Desiccated Pituitary Body).—The posterior lobe obtained from the pituitary body of cattle.

A yellowish or grayish powder with a characteristic odor. Partially soluble in water.

Action and Uses. Solutions are used, hypodermically, to strengthen uterine contractions in prolonged labor. They also stimulate peristalsis and have been used with some success after abdominal operations and as a vasomotor stimulant. Oral administration is ineffective.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

*Liquor Hypophysis (Liq. Hypophysis), Solution of Hypophysis, U.S.P. (Solution of the Pituitary Body).—Contains the water-soluble principles from the fresh posterior lobe of the pituitary body of cattle. Assayed by testing against a standard solution of beta-iminazolyl-ethylamine hydrochloride by the method of the U.S. Hygienic Laboratory.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Ignatia (Ignat.), Ignatia, N.F. (Saint Ignatius Bean, Ignatia Amara).—Seeds of Strychnos ignatii.

Action and Uses: Constituents and actions similar to those of nux vomica, over which ignatia has no advantage, being less reliable.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).

Extractum Ignatiae (Ext. Ignat.), Extract of Ignatia, N.F. (Powdered Extract of Ignatia).—A hydroalcoholic extract, yielding about 6 per cent. of alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (N.F.).

Tinctura Ignatiae (Tr. Ignat.), Tincture of Ignatia, N.F.—Ignatia (10%), yielding about 0.2 per cent. of ignatia alkaloids; in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

INFUSA, INFUSIONS.—Aqueous preparations made by pouring hot or cold water over a vegetable drug, allowing the mixture to stand for a definite period and then straining. For the official infusions, see under the names of the respective drugs.[Pg 117]

Inula (Inula), Inula, N.F. (Elecampane).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: At one time used in bronchitis. No scientific indications for its use.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

INUNCTA, INUNCTIONS.—Semisolid ointment-like preparations used for external application. For the various inunctions see under the names of the principal ingredients.

*Iodoformum (Iodof.), Iodoform, U.S.P.—Triiodomethane, CHI₃.

Lemon-yellow powder or lustrous crystals, with a peculiar, penetrating odor and an unpleasant, slightly sweetish taste suggestive of iodine. Nearly insoluble in water, to which, however, it imparts its odor and taste; soluble in alcohol (1:60) and in glycerin (1:80).

Action and Uses: Used as dusting powder, promoting healing by granulation. Oily suspensions are also used in treatment of tuberculous fistulas.

Collodium Iodoformi (Collod. Iodof.), Iodoform Collodion, N.F.—Iodoform (5%) in flexible collodion.

Uses: There appears to be no advantage in applying iodoform in collodion.

Glycerogelatinum Iodoformi (Glycerogel. Iodof.), Iodoform Glycerogelatin, N.F.—Iodoform (10%), water, glycerin and glycerinated gelatin.

Iodoformum Aromatisatum (Iodof. Arom.), Aromatized Iodoform, N.F.—Coumarin (4%) and iodoform.

Petroxolinum Iodoformi (Petrox. Iodof.), Iodoform Petroxolin, N.F. (Iodoform Petrox).—An unstable preparation made from iodoform (3%), acetone, oleic acid, eucalyptol and liquid petroxolin.

Unguentum Iodoformi (Ung. Iodof.), Iodoform Ointment, U.S.P.—Iodoform (10%) in benzoinated lard.

*Iodum (Iodum), Iodine, U.S.P.—I.

Heavy, bluish-black, brittle plates, with a metallic luster, a distinctive odor and a sharp, acrid taste. Very slightly soluble in water (1:2950) and soluble in alcohol (1:12.5). Freely soluble in solutions of alkali iodides.

Action and Uses: The tincture and compound solution are used externally as local irritant and antiseptic. The irritant action can be easily graduated by successive application. It is rarely used internally for the systemic effects of iodides.[Pg 118]

Dosage: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.), largely diluted.

Collodium Iodi (Collod. Iodi), Iodine Collodion, N.F.—Iodine (5%) in flexible collodion.

Uses: There appears little advantage in applying iodine in collodion.

Liquor Iodi Compositus (Liq. Iodi Co.), Compound Solution of Iodine, U.S.P. (Lugol’s Solution).—Iodine (5%) and potassium iodide (10%) in water.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Liquor Iodi Phenolatus (Liq. Iod. Phenol.), Phenolated Solution of Iodine, N.F. (Liquor Iodi Carbolatus, N.F. III, Carbolized Solution of Iodine, Boulton’s Solution, French Mixture).—Compound solution of iodine (1.5%), liquefied phenol (0.6%), glycerin and water. The iodine combines with the phenol.

Uses: Antiseptic.

Petroxolinum Iodi (Petrox. Iod.), Iodine Petroxolin, N.F. (Iodine Petrox 10%).—An unstable preparation, containing iodine, ammonium iodide and other iodine compounds in variable proportions, with a mixture of liquid petrolatum, alcohol, ammonium soap and oil of lavender; prepared from iodine (10%) and liquid petroxolin.

Petroxolinum Iodi Dilutum (Petrox. Iod. Dil.), Diluted Iodine Petroxolin, N.F. (Iodine Petrox 5%).—An unstable preparation containing iodine, ammonium iodide and other iodine compounds in variable proportions with a mixture of liquid petrolatum, alcohol, ammonium soap and oil of lavender; made from iodine (5%) and liquid petroxolin. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.

Syrupus Iodotannicus (Syr. Iodotan.), Syrup of Iodotannin, N.F.—Made by combining iodine (0.27%) with tannic acid (0.54%) in syrup. Contains iodine probably in the form of an iodide.

Uses: Similar to those of potassium iodide; without advantage over the latter.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Tinctura Iodi (Tr. Iodi), Tincture of Iodine, U.S.P.—An alcoholic solution of iodine (about 7%) and potassium iodide (about 5%). Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Iodi Decolorata (Tr. Iod. Decolor.), Decolorized Tincture of Iodine, N.F.—A solution of sodium iodide [Pg 119]and ammonium iodide obtained by mixing iodine and sodium thiosulphate (each 8.3%), stronger ammonia water (6.5%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent. Does not contain free iodine.

Uses: For external use; of doubtful utility.

Tinctura Iodi Fortior (Tr. Iod. Fort.), Stronger Tincture of Iodine, N.F. (Churchill’s Tincture of Iodine).—Iodine (16.5%) and potassium iodide (3.3%) in water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Unguentum Iodi (Ung. Iodi), Iodine Ointment, U.S.P.—Iodine (4%) and potassium iodide (4%) in glycerin and benzoinated lard. Should be made as required.

*Ipecacuanha (Ipecac.), Ipecac, U.S.P. (Ipecacuanhae Radix, P.I.).—A root, yielding not less than 1.75 per cent. of alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Used as irritant, nauseant, expectorant and emetic. Also specific against amebic dysentery, but in this use has been practically displaced by emetine.

Dosage: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). Expectorant, 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.

*Fluidextractum Ipecacuanhae (Fldext. Ipecac.), Fluidextract of Ipecac, U.S.P.—Ipecac (100%), yielding about 2 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii.—See under Opium.

*Syrupus Ipecacuanhae (Syr. Ipecac.), Syrup of Ipecac, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of ipecac (7%) and acetic acid (1%) in glycerin and syrup.

Dosage: Expectorant, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.); emetic, 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii and Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii.—See under Opium.

Vinum Ipecacuanhae (Vin. Ipecac.), Wine of Ipecac, N.F.—Fluidextract of ipecac (10%, yielding about 0.2% ipecac alkaloids) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 27 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.

Iris (Iris), Orris, N.F. (Orris Root).—Rhizome.

Action and Uses: At one time thought to be a mild digestive stimulant, slightly cathartic and diuretic. Now employed as dusting powder, tooth powder and perfume.[Pg 120]

Iris Versicolor (Iris Vers.), Blue Flag, N.F.—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Obsolete cathartic; without advantage over resin of podophyllum.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Iridis Versicoloris (Fldext. Iri. Ver.), Fluidextract of Blue Flag, N.F.—Blue flag (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Jalapa (Jalap.), Jalap, U.S.P.—A root, yielding not less than 7 per cent. of resins.

Action and Uses: Drastic hydragogue cathartic, used especially in dropsies. Preferred to other resinous cathartics, as being rather less irritant.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Jalapae (Ext. Jalap.), Extract of Jalap, N.F.—An alcoholic extract.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Jalapae (Fldext. Jalap.), Fluidextract of Jalap, N.F.—Jalap (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Pulvis Jalapae Compositus (Pulv. Jalap. Co.), Compound Powder of Jalap, U.S.P. (Pulvis Purgans).—Jalap (35%) and potassium bitartrate (65%).

Uses: Useful hydragogue cathartic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Resina Jalapae (Res. Jalap.), Resin of Jalap, U.S.P.—The resin from jalap.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Jalapae (Tr. Jalap.), Tincture of Jalap, N.F.—Jalap (20%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Tinctura Jalapae Composita (Tr. Jalap. Co.), Compound Tincture of Jalap, N.F.—Jalap (12.5%) and resin of scammony (3%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Juglans (Juglan.), Juglans, N.F. (Butternut Bark, White Walnut Bark).—Inner bark of the roots.[Pg 121]

Action and Uses: Obsolete cathartic, without advantage over cascara.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Juglandis (Fldext. Jugland.), Fluidextract of Juglans, N.F.—Juglans (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Juniperus (Junip.), Juniper Berries, N.F.—Ripe fruit.

Action and Uses: Irritant to urinary organs, owing to the chief constituent, a volatile oil. The spirit is sometimes used as an irritant diuretic.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Juniperi (Fldext. Junip.), Fluidextract of Juniper Berries, N.F.—Juniper (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Kaolinum (Kaolinum), Kaolin, N.F.—Purified native aluminum silicate.

White or nearly white powder or lumps with an earthy taste. Insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: Used in a poultice, cataplasma kaolini, similar to proprietary preparations. Internally, as absorbent in diarrhea and dysentery.

Dosage: Tablespoonful dry or in tea several times daily.

Cataplasma Kaolini (Catapl. Kaolin.), Cataplasm of Kaolin, N.F.—A mixture of kaolin and glycerin with boric acid aromatized with thymol, methyl salicylate and oil of peppermint.

Uses: Not superior to flaxseed or bread-and-milk poultices.

Kava (Kava), Kava, N.F. (Methysticum, Kava Kava).—Rhizome and roots of Piper methysticum.

Action and Uses: Mild irritant, without advantage over cubeb. Often inert. Owes its properties to an oleoresin.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Kavae (Fldext. Kav.), Fluidextract of Kava, N.F.—Kava (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Kino (Kino), Kino, U.S.P.—A dried plant juice.

Dark brown fragments or brick-red powder, odorless and having an astringent taste. Partly soluble in water.

[Pg 122]

Action and Uses: Used as intestinal and pharyngeal astringent; has no special advantage over other vegetable astringents, such as krameria.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Kino et Opii Compositus (Pulv. Kino et Opii Co.), Compound Powder of Kino and Opium, N.F. (Pulvis Kino Compositus, N.F. III).—Kino (75%), and powdered opium (5%) with Saigon cinnamon.

Uses: Antidiarrheic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Kino (Tr. Kino), Tincture of Kino, U.S.P.—Kino (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 49 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Kino et Opii Composita (Tr. Kino et Opii Co.), Compound Tincture of Kino and Opium, N.F. (Tinctura Kino Composita, N.F. III, Compound Tincture of Kino).—Kino (2%), opium (1%), spirit of camphor (6.5%), oil of clove, cochineal and aromatic spirit of ammonia in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Uses: Antidiarrheic; undesirably complex.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Kola (Kola), Kola, N.F. (Cola, Kola Nuts, Cola Nuts).—The peeled seeds.

Action and Uses: Possesses stimulant actions of its caffein and theobromin. Without advantage over coffee.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Kolae (Fldext. Kol.), Fluidextract of Kola, N.F. (Fluidextractum Sterculiae, N.F. III).—Kola (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Krameria (Kramer.), Krameria, N.F. (Rhatany).—Root.

Action and Uses: Powerful astringent; like other tannin-containing drugs, is rapidly passing out of use.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Extractum Krameriae (Ext. Kramer.), Extract of Krameria, N.F. (Powdered Extract of Krameria).—An aqueous extract diluted with starch, 1 Gm. representing 4 Gm. krameria.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).[Pg 123]

Fluidextractum Krameriae (Fldext. Kramer.), Fluidextract of Krameria, N.F.—Krameria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Fluidglyceratum Krameriae (Fldglycer. Kramer.), Fluidglycerate of Krameria, N.F.—Krameria (100%) in glycerin and water.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Krameriae (Syr. Kramer.), Syrup of Krameria, N.F.—Fluidextract of krameria (45%) in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Tinctura Krameriae (Tr. Kramer.), Tincture of Krameria, N.F.—Krameria (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Lac Vaccinum (Lac Vaccinum), Cow’s Milk, N.F.

Lac Fermentatum (Lac Ferment.), Fermented Milk, N.F. (Kumyss).—A fermentation product obtained by the action of yeast on cow’s milk to which sugar (sucrose) has been added. The following is an unofficial formula:

Take a quart of skim milk, one-fifth of a cake of yeast and two tablespoonfuls of sugar. Heat the milk. Dissolve the yeast in a little water and mix it with the sugar and lukewarm milk. Pour the mixture into strong bottles, stopper them tightly with new corks, and tie down the corks with strong twine. Shake the bottles well and place in a refrigerator to ferment slowly. After three days lay the bottles on their sides, turning them occasionally. Five days are required to complete the fermentation.

Dosage: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).

Lactucarium (Lactucar.), Lactucarium, U.S.P.—The dried juice of a species of wild lettuce.

Action and Uses: Inefficient and obsolete hypnotic and respiratory sedative. The proprietary preparation to which its popularity was due was found to contain morphine. Lactucarium is now seldom used.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). Not given as such.

Syrupus Lactucarii (Syr. Lactucar.), Syrup of Lactucarium, U.S.P.—Tincture of lactucarium (10%) and citric acid, flavored with orange flower water, in glycerin and syrup.[Pg 124]

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.). Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Tinctura Lactucarii (Tr. Lactucar.), Tincture of Lactucarium, U.S.P.—Lactucarium (50%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Lappa (Lappa), Lappa, N.F. (Burdock Root).

Action and Uses: Obsolete “alterative,” used in nostrums.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Lappae (Fldext. Lapp.), Fluidextract of Lappa, N.F.—Lappa (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Leptandra (Leptand.), Leptandra, N.F. (Culver’s Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Unreliable cathartic; without advantage over resin of podophyllum.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Extractum Leptandrae (Ext. Leptand.), Extract of Leptandra, N.F. (Powdered Extract of Leptandra).—A hydroalcoholic extract, diluted with starch. One Gm. represents 4 Gm. leptandra.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Leptandrae (Fldext. Leptand.), Fluidextract of Leptandra, N.F.—Leptandra (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Limonis Cortex (Limon. Cort.), Lemon Peel, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Used for the preparation of lemon flavors.

Tinctura Limonis Corticis (Tr. Limon. Cort.), Tincture of Lemon Peel, U.S.P.—Fresh lemon peel (50%) treated with alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

LINIMENTA, LINIMENTS.—Liquid preparations intended for external application. For the various official liniments, see under the names of the respective chief ingredients.

*Linum (Linum), Linseed, U.S.P. (Flaxseed).—Used in demulcent infusions, also when crushed or ground in [Pg 125]poultices. If employed where the skin is broken the entire poultice should be sterilized by boiling before it is applied, in order to avoid infection.

LIQUORES, SOLUTIONS.—Aqueous liquid preparations in which one or more substances are completely dissolved.

For the various official solutions, see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Liquor Acidi Arsenosi, see under Arseni Trioxidum; for Liquor Antisepticus, under Acidum Boricum; for Liquor Antisepticus Alkalinus, under Potassii Bicarbonas; for Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi, under Arseni Iodidum; for Liquor Arsenicalis Clemens, under Potassii Arsenas; for Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae, under Calcii Sulphidum Crudum; for Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetas, under Ammonii Acetas; for Liquor Zinci et Alumini Compositus and Liquor Zinci et Ferri Compositus, under Zinci Sulphas.

Lithii Bromidum (Lith. Brom.), Lithium Bromide, U.S.P.—LiBr (not less than 85%).

White, granular, odorless, very deliquescent salt with a sharp, slightly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and soluble in alcohol and in ether.

Action and Uses: Used like other bromides, over which it has no advantage. For the supposed urate-solvent properties of lithium, see Lithii Carbonas.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Lithii Bromidi (Elix. Lith. Brom.), Elixir of Lithium Bromide, N.F.—Lithium bromide (8.5%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Lithii Carbonas (Lith. Carb.), Lithium Carbonate, U.S.P.—Li₂CO₃.

Light white, odorless powder with an alkaline taste. Soluble in water (1:78); almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used in the same way as sodium carbonate; without advantage over the latter. Lithium was formerly given to promote the elimination of urates because it was supposed to have special urate-solvent properties, but under the conditions existing in the body these properties do not come into play.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).[Pg 126]

Lithii Citras (Lith. Cit.), Lithium Citrate, U.S.P.

White, odorless powder or granules, with a cooling, faintly alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.4), very slightly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used like citrates of sodium or potassium, over which it has no advantage. For the supposed urate-solvent properties of lithium, see Lithii Carbonas.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Lithii Citratis (Elix. Lith. Cit.), Elixir of Lithium Citrate, N.F.—Lithium citrate (8.5%), in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: An objectionable alcoholic preparation of lithium.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Sal Lithii Citratis Effervescens (Sal. Lith. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Salt of Lithium Citrate, N.F.—Lithium citrate (5%), sodium bicarbonate (57%), tartaric acid (30%) and citric acid, the three last-named yielding sodium tartrate and sodium citrate.

Uses: Superfluous, and in view of its small lithium content, misnamed.

Dosage: 8 Gm. or 2 drachms (N.F.).

Lithii Salicylas (Lith. Salicyl.), Lithium Salicylate, N.F.

White or grayish white odorless powder, with a sweetish taste; deliquescent in a moist atmosphere. Very soluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: As a salicylate, inferior to sodium salicylate. Adequate doses would produce the toxic effects of lithium. For the supposed urate-solvent effects of lithium salts, see Lithii Carbonas.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Lithii Salicylatis (Elix. Lith. Salicyl.), Elixir of Lithium Salicylate, N.F.—Lithium salicylate (8.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: An objectionable alcoholic salicylic preparation.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Lobelia (Lobel.), Lobelia, U.S.P. (Indian Tobacco).—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Expectorant, nauseant and emetic, resembling nicotine. Has fallen into disuse because of dangerous effects.

Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Lobeliae (Fldext. Lobel.), Fluidextract of Lobelia, U.S.P.—Lobelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.[Pg 127]

Dosage: 0.15 Cc. or 2-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Lobeliae (Tr. Lobel.), Tincture of Lobelia, U.S.P. (Lobeliae Tinctura, P.I.).—Lobelia (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

LOTIONES, LOTIONS (Washes).—Liquid mixtures, usually of solid medicinal substances suspended in water for external use.

For the various official lotions see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata, see under Ammonia; for Lotio Flava, under Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum; for Lotio Nigra, under Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite; for Lotio Plumbi et Opii, under Plumbi Acetas.

Lupulinum (Lupul.), Lupulin, N.F.—Glandular powder separated from hops.

Action and Uses: Bitter tonic without material advantage over gentian. Reputed hypnotic and anaphrodisiac effects probably attributable to the alcohol in which it is commonly dissolved.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Lupulini (Fldext. Lupul.), Fluidextract of Lupulin, N.F.—Lupulin (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Oleoresina Lupulini (Oleores. Lupul.), Oleoresin of Lupulin, N.F.—The ether extract of lupulin.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Lycopodium (Lycopod.), Lycopodium, U.S.P.—The spores of a moss.

Very inflammable.

Action and Uses: Used as an inert dusting powder for the skin, and as diluent for insufflations of boric acid, tannin, etc., for the throat, nose and ear.

Macis (Macis), Mace, N.F.—The arillode (inner covering) removed from nutmeg (myristica).

Yellowish or brownish, fragrant, branched and lobed bands, or orange-buff or orange-brown powder, with a warm, aromatic taste.

Action and Uses: Aromatic flavor and carminative without advantage over cardamom.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).[Pg 128]

MAGMATA, MAGMAS.—Suspensions of insoluble or nearly insoluble substances.

*Magnesii Carbonas (Mag. Carb.), Magnesium Carbonate, U.S.P.—A mixture of magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.

Light, white, friable masses or bulky white powder, odorless and with a slight earthy taste. Practically insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used internally against gastric hyperacidity and as a mild laxative; externally as dusting powder. See also Magma Magnesiae, under Magnesii Hydroxidum.

Dosage: 3 Gm. or 45 grains (U.S.P.).

Mistura Magnesiae, Asafoetidae et Opii (Mist. Mag. Asafoet. et Opii), Mixture of Magnesia, Asafetida and Opium, N.F. (Mistura Magnesiae et Asafoetidae, N.F. III, Dewees’ Carminative).—Magnesium carbonate (5%), tincture of asafetida (7.5%), tincture of opium (1%), and sugar in water. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

Uses: Complex and irrational mixture intended for use in diarrhea.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Magnesii Chloridum (Magnes. Chlorid.), Magnesium Chloride, N.F.—MgCl₂ + 6H₂O.

Colorless transparent crystals or white translucent pieces; deliquescent in moist air. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to but without advantage over magnesium sulphate.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).

*Magnesii Citras, Magnesium Citrate.

*Liquor Magnesii Citratis (Liq. Mag. Cit.), Solution of Magnesium Citrate, U.S.P.—Magnesium citrate corresponding to not less than 1.5 per cent. of magnesium oxide.

Uses: Efficient and not distasteful mild saline laxative.

Dosage: 350 Cc. or 12 fluidounces (1 bottle) (U.S.P.).

Magnesii Hydroxidum, Magnesium Hydroxide.

Magma Magnesiae (Magma Mag.), Magnesia Magma, U.S.P. (Milk of Magnesia).—A suspension of magnesium hydroxide in water [equivalent to about 7% [Pg 129]Mg(OH)₂] forming a thick, white liquid.

Uses: Widely used as mild alkaline laxative and tooth wash.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

*Magnesii Oxidum (Mag. Oxid.), Magnesium Oxide, U.S.P. (Magnesia, Calcined Magnesia, Light Magnesia).—MgO (not less than 96%).

A white, bulky, odorless powder with an earthy but not saline taste. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Useful antacid and laxative.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Magnesii Oxidum Ponderosum (Mag. Oxid. Pond.), Heavy Magnesium Oxide, U.S.P. (Heavy Magnesia).—MgO (96%).

White, dense powder.

Action and Uses: Used like magnesium oxide.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

*Magnesii Sulphas (Mag. Sulph.), Magnesium Sulphate, U.S.P. (Epsom Salt).—MgSO₄ + 7H₂O.

Small, colorless, odorless crystals, with a cooling, saline, bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1); almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: One of the most active of the saline cathartics.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.), in solution. A solution containing 1 Gm. of salt in each Cc. may be given, 5 Cc. every hour until a laxative effect is secured. This should usually be diluted with water.

Liquor Magnesii Sulphatis Effervescens (Liq. Mag. Sulph. Eff.), Effervescent Solution of Magnesium Sulphate, N.F.—Magnesium sulphate (about 7%) with syrup of citric acid, potassium citrate and water.

Dosage: The contents of a bottle, about 350 Cc. or nearly 12 fluidounces (N.F.).

Maltum (Maltum), Malt, U.S.P.—Malted barley, capable of converting not less than 5 times its weight of starch into sugars.

Yellowish grains with a characteristic odor and a sweet taste.

Action and Uses: Used to digest starch by its diastase.

Extractum Malti (Ext. Malt.), Extract of Malt, U.S.P.—Syrupy liquid.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).[Pg 130]

Malvae Folia (Malv. Fol.), Mallow Leaves, N.F.

Action and Uses: Demulcent “herb tea,” without definite indications for its use.

Mangani Citras Solubilis (Mangan. Cit. Sol.), Soluble Manganese Citrate, N.F. (Manganese and Sodium Citrate).

Yellowish or pinkish white powder or translucent scales, odorless and having a slightly bitter, astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:4) and nearly insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Manganese salts have been tried as hematinic tonics, but are of very doubtful value. The choice among the various salts is a matter of convenience. The soluble citrate is typical of the soluble manganese salts, the dioxide of the insoluble.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Mangani Dioxidum Praecipitatum (Mangan. Diox. Praec.), Precipitated Manganese Dioxide, U.S.P.—Chiefly MnO₂.

Heavy, odorless, tasteless black powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: See Mangani Citras Solubilis.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Mangani Glycerophosphas Solubilis (Mangan. Glycerophos. Sol.), Soluble Manganese Glycerophosphate, N.F. (Soluble Manganous Glycerinophosphate).—A mixture of manganese glycerophosphate and citric acid.

Yellowish or pinkish white, odorless powder, with an acid taste. Freely soluble in water (1:4); alcohol dissolves the citric acid and leaves a residue which is nearly insoluble in water.

Action and Uses: As a manganese compound it has no material advantage over other manganese salts. For a discussion of glycerophosphates, see Sodii Glycerophosphas.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Mangani Hypophosphis (Mangan. Hypophos.), Manganese Hypophosphite, N.F.—Mn(H₂PO₂)₂ + H₂O.

Pink, odorless, nearly tasteless powder. Freely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: As a manganese compound, has no material advantage over other manganese salts. For a discussion of hypophosphites, see Calcii Hypophosphis.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).[Pg 131]

Mangani Sulphas (Mangan. Sulph.), Manganese Sulphate, N.F.—MnSO₄ (about 65%).

Pale rose-colored, translucent, odorless crystals, with a slightly bitter taste, slightly efflorescent in moist air. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Without material advantage over other manganese salts.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Manna (Manna), Manna, U.S.P.—A dried sap.

Action and Uses: Mild laxative; antiquated.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.) as infusion.

Syrupus Mannae (Syr. Mann.), Syrup of Manna, N.F.—Manna (12.5%) and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 6 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

MASSAE, MASSES.—Soft solid preparations of such consistency that they can readily be made into pills. For the various masses, see under the names of the respective drugs.

Mastiche (Mastic.), Mastic, N.F.—A resin.

Completely soluble in ether and almost completely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Carminative, without special advantage over cardamom or fennel.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Matico (Matic.), Matico, N.F. (Matico Leaves).

Action and Uses: Obsolete genito-urinary “stimulant,” without advantage over buchu, etc.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Matico (Fldext. Matic.), Fluidextract of Matico, N.F.—Matico (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Matricaria (Matricar.), Matricaria, U.S.P. (German Chamomile, Wild Chamomile).—Flower heads.

Action and Uses: Popularly used as a bitter and aromatic “tea” and poultice, any effects being due mostly to the hot water.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).[Pg 132]

Mel (Mel), Honey, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Demulcent.

Mel Depuratum (Mel Depurat.), Clarified Honey, U.S.P.

Mel Rosae (Mel Rosae), Honey of Rose, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of rose and clarified honey. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Uses: Flavoring vehicle; rarely used.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Melilotus (Melilot.), Melilot, N.F. (Yellow Sweet Clover).—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Formerly used as a stimulant and antispasmodic and in the treatment of neuralgia especially associated with debility. Now seldom used; no scientific indications for its use.

MELLITA, HONEYS.—Sweet liquids having honey as a base. For the various honeys, see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Mel Rosae, see under Mel; for Mel Rosae et Sodii Boratis, see under Sodii Boras.

*Mentha Piperita (Menth. Pip.), Peppermint, U.S.P.—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Carminative and flavor, used chiefly in the form of the oil and spirit, which see under Oleum Menthae Piperitae.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Mentha Viridis (Menth. Vir.), Spearmint, U.S.P.—Leaves and flowering tops.

Action and Uses: Same as those of peppermint. See Oleum Menthae Viridis.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

*Menthol (Menthol), Menthol, U.S.P.—Obtained from oil of peppermint or other mint oils.

Colorless crystals, with a strong peppermint odor and an aromatic taste. Slightly soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol, chloroform or petroleum benzin.

Action and Uses: Used locally as counterirritant and analgesic; sometimes internally as carminative.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.

Inunctum Mentholis (Inunct. Menthol.), Menthol Inunction, N.F.—Menthol (5%) and hydrous wool fat.[Pg 133]

Inunctum Mentholis Compositum (Inunct. Menthol. Co.), Compound Menthol Inunction, N.F.—Menthol (5%), methyl salicylate (10%) and hydrous wool fat.

Menthol Camphoratum (Menthol Camph.), Camphorated Menthol, N.F. (Campho-Menthol, N.F. III, Camphor and Menthol).—Camphor (47.5%), menthol (47.5%) and alcohol.

Nebula Mentholis (Nebul. Menthol.), Menthol Spray, N.F.—Menthol (2%) in light liquid petrolatum.

Nebula Mentholis Composita (Nebul. Menthol. Co.), Compound Menthol Spray, N.F.—Menthol (1%), camphor (1%), methyl salicylate, eucalyptol and oil of cinnamon in light liquid petrolatum.

Petroxolinum Mentholis (Petrox. Menthol.), Menthol Petroxolin, N.F. (Menthol Petrox).—Menthol (17%) in liquid petroxolin.

Menyanthes (Menyanth.), Menyanthes, N.F. (Buckbean, Marsh Trefoil).—Leaves of Menyanthes trifoliata.

Action and Uses: Obsolete bitter; no special indications for its use.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

*Methylis Salicylas (Methyl. Salicyl.), Methyl Salicylate, U.S.P. (Oleum Gaultheriae, U.S.P. VIII, Oil of Wintergreen, Oleum Betulae, U.S.P. VIII, Oil of Sweet Birch, Oil of Teaberry).—Produced synthetically or obtained from wintergreen (oil of wintergreen) or from birch (oil of sweet birch).

Colorless, yellowish or reddish liquid, with a wintergreen odor and taste. Sparingly soluble in water and miscible with alcohol and glacial acetic acid.

Action and Uses: Chiefly used as flavor. In sufficient amounts, antirheumatic and antipyretic.

Dosage: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.). May be applied externally either pure or diluted (10%) in ointment. For absorption through the skin is best diluted with a fatty oil.

Petroxolinum Methylis Salicylatis (Petrox. Methyl. Salicyl.), Methyl Salicylate Petroxolin, N.F. (Methyl Salicylate Petrox).—Methyl salicylate (20%), in liquid petroxolin.

Methylthioninae Chloridum (Methylthionin. Chlor.), Methylthionine Chloride, U.S.P. (Methylthioninae Hydrochloridum, U.S.P. VIII, Methylene Blue).

Dark green powder or crystals with a bronze-like luster. Freely soluble in water and alcohol, forming a deep blue solution.

[Pg 134]

Action and Uses: Sometimes used as urinary antiseptic; also in the treatment of malaria and some neuralgic conditions. In the latter use, is of doubtful value.

Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

Mezereum (Mezereum), Mezereum, U.S.P. (Mezereon).—A bark.

Action and Uses: Antiquated antisyphilitic and vesicant.

Fluidextractum Mezerei (Fldext. Mezer.), Fluidextract of Mezereum, N.F.—Mezereum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

MISTURAE, MIXTURES.—Liquid preparations containing insoluble or partly soluble medicinal substances suspended in them.

For the various official mixtures, see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Mistura Adstringens, see under Cupri Sulphas; for Mistura Camphorae Acida, Mistura Carminativa and Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita, under Opium; for Mistura Ferri Composita, under Ferri Carbonas; for Mistura Camphorae Aromatica and Mistura Oleo-Balsamica, under Oleum Lavandulae; for Mistura Pectoralis Stokes, under Ammonii Carbonas.

Morphina (Morphina), Morphine, U.S.P.—An alkaloid obtained from opium.

Colorless or white, odorless crystals or powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:3,340) and soluble in alcohol (1:210).

Action and Uses: Central analgesic, hypnotic and respiratory sedative and depressant; also constipative. Is only slightly depressant to the circulation. Eliminated mainly through the bowels. Should not be used to control cough if this is associated with marked expectoration. Its habit-forming power should be constantly remembered.

Dosage: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

*Morphinae Hydrochloridum (Morph. Hydrochl.), Morphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Morphine Chloride).

White, odorless needles, masses or powder. Soluble in water (1:17.5) and in alcohol (1:52).

Action and Uses: See Morphina.

Dosage: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Morphinae et Acaciae (Syr. Morph. et Acac.), Syrup of Morphine and Acacia, N.F. (Syrupus Pectoralis, N.F. III, Jackson’s Pectoral Syrup).—Morphine [Pg 135]hydrochloride (0.055%) flavored with oil of sassafras in syrup of acacia.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Morphinae Sulphas (Morph. Sulph.), Morphine Sulphate, U.S.P.

White, odorless crystals or masses. Soluble in water (1:15.2) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:565).

Action and Uses: See Morphina.

Dosage: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus cum Morphina (Syr. Pin. Strob. c. Morph.), Compound Syrup of White Pine with Morphine, N.F. (Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus, N.F. III).—Morphine sulphate (0.04%) in compound syrup of white pine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Uses: Objectionable expectorant mixture containing morphine.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Moschus (Mosch.), Musk, U.S.P. (Tonquin Musk, Deer Musk).—A dried animal secretion.

Action and Uses: Antiquated analeptic.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Moschi (Tr. Mosch.), Tincture of Musk, U.S.P.—Musk (5%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 48 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

MUCILAGINES, MUCILAGES.—Aqueous solutions of gums or the mucilaginous principles of vegetable substances. For the various mucilages, see under the names of the respective drugs.

MULLAE, MULLS.—Ointments of high fusing points spread on soft muslin or “mull.” For the various mulls, see under the names of the respective active constituents.

Myrica (Myrica), Bayberry Bark, N.F.—Bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Formerly recommended as digestive, nutritive and nervous stimulant. No scientific indications for its use.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

Pulvis Myricae Compositus (Pulv. Myric. Co.), Compound Powder of Bayberry, N.F. (Composition Powder).[Pg 136]—Bayberry bark (60%), Jamaica ginger (30%), capsicum and clove.

Uses: An obsolete carminative.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Myristica (Myrist.), Myristica, U.S.P. (Nutmeg).

Action and Uses: Aromatic and carminative.

*Myrrha (Myrrh.), Myrrh, U.S.P. (Gum Myrrh).—A gum resin.

Action and Uses: Protective and local stimulant to the mucous membranes. Internally, carminative.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Myrrhae (Tr. Myrrh.), Tincture of Myrrh, U.S.P.—Myrrh (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 87 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

NEBULAE, SPRAYS.—Spray solutions, intended for the application of medicaments in solution to the throat and nose by means of suitable atomizers. For Nebula Aromatica, see under Petrolatum Liquidum; for the various other sprays, see under Eucalyptol, Menthol and Thymol.

Nitrogenii Monoxidum (Nitrogen. Monox.), Nitrogen Monoxide, U.S.P. (Nitrous Oxide, “Laughing Gas”).—N₂O.

A colorless gas with a slight characteristic odor and a sweetish taste.

Action and Uses: For inhalation anesthesia.

*Nux Vomica (Nux Vom.), Nux Vomica, U.S.P. (Strychni Semen, P.I.).—Seeds yielding not less than 2.5 per cent. of alkaloids, chiefly strychnine and brucine.

Action and Uses: Used as bitter stomachic and tonic, depending on its strychnine.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

*Extractum Nucis Vomicae (Ext. Nuc. Vom.), Extract of Nux Vomica, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Nux Vomica, Nucis Vomicae Extractum P.I.).—Yields about 16 per cent. of alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Nucis Vomicae (Fldext. Nuc. Vom.), Fluidextract of Nux Vomica, U.S.P.—Nux vomica (100%) yielding about 2.5 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).[Pg 137]

*Tinctura Nucis Vomicae (Tr. Nuc. Vom.), Tincture of Nux Vomica, U.S.P. (Strychni Tinctura, P.I.).—Nux vomica (10%) yielding about 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 71 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

OLEA INFUSA (OL. INF.), INFUSED OILS, N.F.—Liquid preparation made by extracting drugs by fixed oils.

OLEATA, OLEATES.—Oleates are combinations of alkaloids or metallic oxids with oleic acid or with mixtures of oleic acid with a fixed oil. They have no real advantage over simpler ointments. For the official oleates see under the names of the respective drugs.

OLEORESINAE, OLEORESINS.—Oleoresins are thick liquid preparations made by extracting the drug with ether, alcohol or acetone. For the official oleoresins see under the names of the respective drugs.

OLEOSACCHARA (OLEOSACCHARA), OIL-SUGARS, N.F. (Elaeosacchara).—Mixtures of volatile oil (2%) with sugar in fine powder.

Oleum Aethereum (Ol. Aether.), Ethereal Oil, N.F.—A volatile liquid consisting of equal volumes of heavy oil of wine (chiefly ethyl esters of sulphuric acid) and ether. An indefinite and obsolete ingredient of the medieval “Hoffmann’s anodyne.”

Oleum Amygdalae Amarae (Ol. Amygd. Amar.), Oil of Bitter Almond, U.S.P. (Bitter Almond Oil).—A volatile oil yielding benzaldehyde (not less than 85%) and hydrocyanic acid (about 3%).

Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol or ether.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent, especially for emulsions. Also used as a “sedative,” but probably without value.

Dosage: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

Aqua Amygdalae Amarae (Aq. Amygd. Amar.), Bitter Almond Water, U.S.P.—A solution of oil of bitter almond in water.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Elixir Amygdalae Compositum (Elix. Amygd. Co.), Compound Elixir of Almond, N.F.—Oil of bitter almond, vanillin, orange flower water, syrup, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.[Pg 138]

Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae (Sp. Amygd. Amar.), Spirit of Bitter Almond, U.S.P.—Oil of bitter almond, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 76 per cent.

Oleum Amygdalae Expressum (Ol. Amygd. Exp.), Expressed Oil of Almond, U.S.P. (Oil of Sweet Almond).—A fixed oil; similar to olive oil.

Action and Uses: Emollient, nutritive and laxative.

Oleum Anisi (Ol. Anisi), Oil of Anise, Oil of Star Anise, U.S.P. (Anise Oil).—A volatile oil from anise and from star anise.

Very slightly soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative and flavor.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), on sugar.

Aqua Anisi (Aq. Anisi), Anise Water, U.S.P.—A solution of oil of anise in water.

Spiritus Anisi (Sp. Anisi), Spirit of Anise, U.S.P.—Oil of anise (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Oleum Aurantii (Ol. Aurant.), Oil of Orange, U.S.P. (Oleum Aurantii Corticis, U.S.P. VIII, Orange Oil, Oil of Sweet Orange).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol and ether.

Action and Uses: Aromatic flavor.

Spiritus Aurantii Compositus (Sp. Aurant. Co.), Compound Spirit of Orange, U.S.P.—Oils of orange, lemon, coriander and anise, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 69 per cent.

Oleum Aurantii Amari (Ol. Aurant. Amar.), Oil of Bitter Orange, N.F.—A volatile oil.

Practically insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol (1:4).

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

Elixir Aurantii Amari (Elix. Aurant. Amar.), Elixir of Bitter Orange, N.F. (Replacing Elixir Curassao, N.F. III).—Oil of bitter orange, tincture of bitter orange peel, stronger orange flower water, in syrup, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 28 per cent.

Oleum Aurantii Florum (Ol. Aurant. Flor.), Oil of Orange Flowers, N.F. (Oil of Neroli).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

[Pg 139]

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

Oleum Bergamottae (Ol. Bergam.), Oil of Bergamot, N.F.—A volatile oil.

Practically insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

Spiritus Odoratus (Sp. Odorat.), Perfumed Spirit, N.F.—Oils of bergamot, lemon, rosemary, lavender and orange flowers, acetic ether, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Oleum Betulae Empyreumaticum Rectificatum (Ol. Bet. Empyr. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Birch Tar, N.F. (Rectified Empyroligneous Oil of Birch, Oleum Rusci Rectificatum).—An oil obtained by the dry distillation of the bark and wood of white birch.

Insoluble in water; soluble in dehydrated alcohol, ether and chloroform.

Action and Uses: Similar to tar; employed locally as a stimulant and antiseptic in the treatment of psoriasis and eczema.

Dosage: 2 to 10 per cent. ointment.

Oleum Cadinum (Ol. Cadin.), Oil of Cade, U.S.P. (Cade Oil, Oil of Juniper Tar, Oleum Juniperi Empyreumaticum).—An empyreumatic oil obtained by the dry distillation of juniper wood.

Nearly insoluble in water; only partially soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Epidermal stimulant in chronic inflammatory skin diseases, acting similarly to tar.

Dosage: 1 to 10 per cent. ointment.

Petroxolinum Cadini (Petrox. Cadin.), Cade Petroxolin, N.F. (Cade Petrox).—Oil of cade (25%) in liquid petroxolin.

Oleum Cajuputi (Ol. Cajup.), Oil of Cajuput, U.S.P. (Cajuput Oil, Oil of Cajuput).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Counterirritant.

Oleum Cardamomi (Ol. Cardam.), Oil of Cardamom, N.F.—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; very soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic flavoring agent.[Pg 140]

Elixir Cardamomi Compositum (Elix. Card. Co.), Compound Elixir of Cardamom, N.F.—Compound spirit of cardamom, alcohol, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 9 per cent.

Spiritus Cardamomi Compositus (Sp. Card. Co.), Compound Spirit of Cardamom, N.F.—Oil of cardamom, anethol, oils of orange, cinnamon, caraway and clove, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 72 per cent.

Uses: Flavoring agent.

Oleum Cari (Ol. Cari), Oil of Caraway, U.S.P. (Caraway Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

*Oleum Caryophylli (Ol. Caryoph.), Oil of Clove, U.S.P. (Clove Oil, Oil of Cloves).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Externally, rubefacient and counterirritant; internally, carminative; to some extent a local anesthetic.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

*Oleum Cassiae (Ol. Cass.), Oil of Cinnamon, U.S.P. (Oleum Cinnamomi, U.S.P. VIII, Cassia Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic flavor.

*Aqua Cinnamomi (Aq. Cinnam.), Cinnamon Water, U.S.P.—A saturated solution of oil of cinnamon in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Spiritus Cinnamomi (Sp. Cinnam.), Spirit of Cinnamon, U.S.P.—Oil of cinnamon (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Oleum Chenopodii (Ol. Chenopod.), Oil of Chenopodium, U.S.P. (Oil of American Wormseed).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Anthelmintic, especially for roundworms and hookworms.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.). Subminimal doses repeated at intervals of several days become toxic.[Pg 141]

Oleum Coriandri (Ol. Coriand.), Oil of Coriander, U.S.P. (Coriander Oil).

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Carminative aromatic.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Oleum Cubebae (Ol. Cubeb.), Oil of Cubeb, U.S.P. (Cubeb Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol (1:18).

Action and Uses: Used internally as a stimulating antiseptic, expectorant and against subacute gonorrhea. Of doubtful value.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

*Oleum Eucalypti (Ol. Eucalypt.), Oil of Eucalyptus, U.S.P. (Eucalyptus Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Largely used especially for inhalation in the form of vapor or oily sprays (about 10%) as antiseptic and deodorant, for subacute and chronic inflammations of the respiratory mucosae.

Oleum Foeniculi (Ol. Foenic.), Oil of Fennel, U.S.P. (Fennel Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative frequently employed with purgative medicines to prevent griping.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Aqua Foeniculi (Aq. Foenic.), Fennel Water, U.S.P.—A solution of oil of fennel in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Oleum Gossypii Seminis (Ol. Gossyp. Sem.), Cottonseed Oil, U.S.P.—A fixed oil.

Action and Uses: Frequently employed in place of olive oil, in preparations for external use.

Oleum Juniperi (Ol. Junip.), Oil of Juniper, U.S.P. (Juniper Oil, Oil of Juniper Berries).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Irritant diuretic.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.); not given as such.[Pg 142]

Spiritus Juniperi (Sp. Junip.), Spirit of Juniper, U.S.P.—Oil of juniper (5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Spiritus Juniperi Compositus (Sp. Junip. Co.), Compound Spirit of Juniper, U.S.P.—Oil of juniper (0.4%) and oils of caraway and fennel in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 66 per cent.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Oleum Lavandulae (Ol. Lavand.), Oil of Lavender, U.S.P. (Oleum Lavandulae Florum U.S.P. VIII).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic and flavoring agent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Acetum Aromaticum (Acet. Arom.), Aromatic Vinegar, N.F.—Acetic acid, alcohol and water, aromatized with oils of lavender, rosemary, juniper, peppermint, cinnamon, lemon and clove.

Uses: Refreshing inhalant and counterirritant.

Mistura Camphorae Aromatica (Mist. Camph. Arom.), Aromatic Camphor Mixture, N.F. (Parrish’s Camphor Mixture).—Camphor water (about 70%) in compound tincture of lavender and sugar. Absolute alcohol content about 17.5 per cent.

Uses: Aromatic carminative.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Mistura Oleo-Balsamica (Mist. Ol.-Balsam.), Oleo-Balsamic Mixture, N.F.—Oil of lavender, eugenol, oils of thyme, cinnamon, lemon and nutmeg with balsam of Peru in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Action and Uses: Local stimulant.

Spiritus Lavandulae (Sp. Lavand.), Spirit of Lavender, U.S.P.—Oil of lavender (5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Lavandulae Composita (Tr. Lavand. Co.), Compound Tincture of Lavender, U.S.P. (Compound Spirit of Lavender).—Oil of lavender, oil of rosemary, Saigon cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, and red saunders in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Uses: Aromatic flavor and rubefacient.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).[Pg 143]

Oleum Limonis (Ol. Limon.), Oil of Lemon, U.S.P. (Lemon Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent.

*Oleum Lini (Ol. Lini), Linseed Oil, U.S.P. (Oil of Flaxseed, Raw Linseed Oil).—A fixed oil.

Action and Uses: Internally, laxative; its disagreeable taste and odor have made it unpopular. Externally, protective emollient, especially as Linimentum Calcis (which see under Calx) in burns.

Dosage: 30 Cc. or 1 fluidounce (U.S.P.).

*Oleum Menthae Piperitae (Ol. Menth. Pip.), Oil of Peppermint, U.S.P. (Peppermint Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative and flavoring agent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

*Aqua Menthae Piperitae (Aq. Menth. Pip.), Peppermint Water, U.S.P.—A saturated solution of oil of peppermint in distilled water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.)

*Spiritus Menthae Piperitae (Sp. Menth. Pip.), Spirit of Peppermint, U.S.P. (Essence of Peppermint).—Oil of peppermint (10%), colored with peppermint in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Trochisci Menthae Piperitae (Troch. Menth. Pip.), Troches of Peppermint, N.F.—Oil of peppermint, with sugar and mucilage of tragacanth.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

Oleum Menthae Viridis (Ol. Menth. Vir.), Oil of Spearmint, U.S.P. (Spearmint Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic carminative and flavoring agent.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Aqua Menthae Viridis (Aq. Menth. Vir.), Spearmint Water, U.S.P.—A solution of oil of spearmint in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Spiritus Menthae Viridis (Sp. Menth. Vir.), Spirit of Spearmint, U.S.P.—Oil of spearmint (10%), colored with [Pg 144]spearmint, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Oleum Morrhuae (Ol. Morrh.), Cod Liver Oil, U.S.P. (Oleum Jecoris Aselli).—A fixed oil.

Action and Uses: Generally considered to be a food rather than a medicine. Its value depends probably entirely on its nutritive property. Preferably administered as such or in the form of recently prepared emulsions.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae (Emuls. Ol. Morrh.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil, U.S.P.—Cod liver oil (50%) with acacia, syrup, methyl salicylate and water. Other flavors may be substituted for the methyl salicylate.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Calcii Lactophosphate (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Calc. Lactophos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.—Cod liver oil (50%), calcium lactophosphate (5%), lactic acid, acacia, syrup of Tolu and water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Calcii Phosphate (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Calc. Phos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Calcium Phosphate, N.F. (Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Phosphate of Lime).—Cod liver oil (50%), precipitated calcium phosphate (3.5%), syrup of Tolu, acacia and water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Hypophosphitibus (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Hypophos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Hypophosphites, N.F.—Cod liver oil (50%), calcium hypophosphite (1%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 0.5%), acacia, syrup and water.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Malto (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Malt.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Malt, N.F.—Cod liver oil (30%), extract of malt (about 55%), tragacanth and water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Pruno Virginiana (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Prun. Virg.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Wild Cherry, N.F.—Cod liver oil (50%), fluidextract of wild cherry (6.5%), acacia, syrup of Tolu and water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).[Pg 145]

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Vitello (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Vitel.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Egg, N.F.—Cod liver oil (50%), glycerite of yolk of egg, syrup of Tolu and water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Oleum Myrciae (Ol. Myrc.), Oil of Myrcia, N.F. (Oil of Bay).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatizing agent used in bay-rum.

Spiritus Myrciae Compositus (Sp. Myrciae Co.), Compound Spirit of Myrcia, N.F.—Oils of myrcia, orange, pimenta, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 58 per cent.

Uses: Perfume and stimulant to the skin.

Oleum Myristicae (Ol. Myrist.), Oil of Myristica, U.S.P. (Myristica Oil, Oil of Nutmeg).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic flavor and carminative.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Oleum Olivae (Ol. Oliv.), Olive Oil, U.S.P.—A fixed oil.

Action and Uses: Emollient, laxative and nutrient.

Dosage: 30 Cc. or 1 fluidounce (U.S.P.).

Oleum Picis Liquidae Rectificatum (Ol. Pic. Liq. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Tar, U.S.P. (Oleum Picis Liquidae, U.S.P. VIII, Rectified Tar Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Externally antiseptic, irritant and parasiticide; used in skin diseases.

Dosage: Internally, 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Mistura Olei Picis (Mist. Ol. Pic.), Mixture of Oil of Tar, N.F. (Mistura Picis Liquidae, Tar Mixture).—Rectified oil of tar (3.5%) and chloroform (1%), with pure extract of glycyrrhiza, sugar and oil of peppermint in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 16 per cent.

Uses: Complex, disagreeable expectorant.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Petroxolinum Picis (Petrox. Pic.), Tar Petroxolin, N.F. (Tar Petrox).—Rectified oil of tar (25%) in liquid petroxolin.[Pg 146]

Unguentum Picis Compositum (Ung. Pic. Co.), Compound Tar Ointment, N.F.—Rectified oil of tar (4%), zinc oxide (3%), and tincture of benzoin in yellow wax, lard and cottonseed oil.

Oleum Pimentae (Ol. Piment.), Oil of Pimenta, U.S.P. (Pimento Oil, Oil of Allspice).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Flavoring agent and carminative.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Oleum Pini Pumilionis (Ol. Pin. Pumil.), Oil of Dwarf Pine Needles, U.S.P. (Dwarf Pine Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: More aromatic than oil of turpentine, and used as an inhalation in catarrh of the respiratory passages.

*Oleum Ricini (Ol. Ricin.), Castor Oil, U.S.P.—A fixed oil.

Soluble in equal parts of alcohol.

Action and Uses: Effective and prompt cathartic, but likely to be followed by constipation and therefore not indicated in chronic constipation. Useful as an initial purge in acute diarrheas.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Emulsum Olei Ricini (Emul. Ol. Ricin.), Emulsion of Castor Oil, N.F.—Castor oil (35%), with acacia, flavored with tincture of vanilla, in syrup and water.

Uses: Renders castor oil somewhat less disagreeable.

Dosage: 45 Cc. or 1-1/2 fluidounces (N.F.).

Oleum Ricini Aromaticum (Ol. Ricin. Arom.), Aromatic Castor Oil, N.F.—Castor oil flavored with benzosulphinide, oil of cinnamon, oil of clove, vanillin and coumarin.

Uses: A partly successful attempt to render castor oil less disagreeable.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Oleum Rosmarini (Ol. Rosmar.), Oil of Rosemary, U.S.P. (Rosemary Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Aromatic flavor and carminative.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

*Oleum Santali (Ol. Santal.), Oil of Santal, U.S.P. (Santalwood Oil, Oil of Sandalwood).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

[Pg 147]

Action and Uses: Urinary disinfectant and stimulant. Used in subacute stages of cystitis and gonorrhea.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), preferably in capsules.

Oleum Sassafras (Ol. Sassaf.), Oil of Sassafras, U.S.P. (Sassafras Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Flavor; used externally as rubefacient counterirritant.

Oleum Sesami (Ol. Sesam.), Sesame Oil, U.S.P. (Teel Oil, Benne Oil).—A fixed oil.

Action and Uses: Emollient, used as substitute for olive oil.

*Oleum Sinapis Volatile (Ol. Sinap. Vol.), Volatile Oil of Mustard, U.S.P. (Mustard Oil).—Produced synthetically or from black mustard seed.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Powerful irritant and rapid vesicant; employed as counterirritant dissolved in alcohol or fixed oils.

Linimentum Sinapis Compositum (Lin. Sinap. Co.), Compound Liniment of Mustard, N.F.—Volatile oil of mustard (3%), fluidextract of mezereum (20%) and camphor (6%) in castor oil and alcohol.

Uses: Complex and antiquated counterirritant.

Spiritus Sinapis (Sp. Sinap.), Spirit of Mustard, N.F.—Volatile oil of mustard (2%) in alcohol.

Uses: Rubefacient.

*Oleum Terebinthinae (Ol. Tereb.), Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P. (Turpentine Oil, “Spirits of Turpentine”).—A volatile oil obtained from the oleoresin of pine wood (turpentine).

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Applied externally, rubefacient and counterirritant. For internal use, see Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum, below.

Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum (Ol. Tereb. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P. (Rectified Turpentine Oil).—Redistilled oil of turpentine.

Uses: Antiseptic, anthelmintic, diuretic and carminative. Used to relieve tympanites.[Pg 148]

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).

Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae (Emuls. Ol. Tereb.), Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P.—Rectified oil of turpentine (15%) with expressed oil of almond, syrup, acacia and water.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 1/2 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Linimentum Terebinthinae (Lin. Terebinth.), Turpentine Liniment, U.S.P. (Kentish’s Ointment).—Rosin cerate (65%) in oil of turpentine.

Linimentum Terebinthinae Aceticum (Lin. Terebinth. Acet.), Acetic Turpentine Liniment, N.F. (Linimentum Album, Stokes’ Liniment, St. John Long’s Liniment).—Oil of turpentine (40%) and acetic acid (8%) with oil of lemon, fresh egg and rose water.

*Oleum Theobromatis (Ol. Theobrom.), Oil of Theobroma, U.S.P. (Butter of Cacao, Cacao Butter).—A solid fixed oil.

Melts at body temperature.

Action and Uses: Used principally in suppositories, etc.; sometimes in emollient ointments and as a lubricant in massage.

Oleum Thymi (Ol. Thymi), Oil of Thyme, U.S.P. (Thyme Oil).—A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Rubefacient and counterirritant; usually applied as a liniment, diluted with a fixed oil or the well-known soap liniment. Internally, carminative but now seldom used.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

*Oleum Tiglii (Ol. Tiglii), Croton Oil, U.S.P.—A fixed oil.

Action and Uses: Very powerful cathartic and gastric and intestinal irritant, frequently causing violent vomiting and purging, sometimes followed by collapse. Externally, rubefacient and vesicant.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.). Preferably administered in drop doses on sugar or in a pill with bread or other absorbent.

Collodium Tiglii (Collod. Tiglii), Croton Oil Collodion, N.F.—Croton oil (10%) and flexible collodion.

Uses: There is no advantage in applying croton oil with collodion.[Pg 149]

Linimentum Tiglii (Lin. Tiglii), Liniment of Croton Oil, N.F. (Linimentum Crotonis).—Croton oil (13%), oil of cajuput, and alcohol.

Linimentum Tiglii Compositum (Lin. Tiglii Co.), Compound Croton Oil Liniment, N.F.—Croton oil, oil of sassafras and oil of turpentine (each 20%) and olive oil.

*Opium (Opium), Opium, U.S.P.—The dried juice of the opium poppy. Yields not less than 9.5 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

Action and Uses: Like those of morphine, but opium is absorbed more slowly, and is generally preferred in the treatment of the gastro-intestinal tract, especially for the purpose of checking diarrhea. It is ineffective for external or local application, because the opium alkaloids are not absorbed to any appreciable extent through the unbroken skin.

The routine use of complicated mixtures containing opiates deserves condemnation, since opium should not be prescribed unless it is adapted to the conditions of the individual patient.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Acetum Opii (Acet. Opii), Vinegar of Opium, N.F.—Opium (10%) in diluted acetic acid, flavored with nutmeg and sugar.

Uses: An obsolete and superfluous preparation.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

*Extractum Opii (Ext. Opii), Extract of Opium, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Opium, Opii Extractum, P.I.).—One Gm. extract represents about 2 Gm. opium. Yields about 20 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

Linimentum Opii Compositum (Lin. Opii Co.), Compound Liniment of Opium, N.F. (Canada Liniment).—Tincture of opium (10%), camphor (1.75%), oil of peppermint (2.5%) in alcohol, fresh egg albumen, ammonia water and oil of turpentine. Absolute alcohol content about 28 per cent.

Uses: Irrational opium preparation.

Mistura Camphorae Acida (Mist. Camph. Acid.), Acid Camphor Mixture, N.F. (Mistura Antidysenterica, Hope’s Mixture).—Tincture of opium (1.2%) and nitric acid (1.75%) in camphor water.

Uses: Against diarrhea.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).[Pg 150]

Mistura Carminativa (Mist. Carminat.), Carminative Mixture, N.F. (Dalby’s Carminative).—Tincture of opium (2.5%), magnesium carbonate (6.5%), potassium carbonate (0.3%), with oils of caraway, fennel and peppermint in syrup and water.

Uses: Against colic.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita (Mist. Glycyrrh. Co.), Compound Mixture of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P. (Brown Mixture).—Camphorated tincture of opium (12%), antimony and potassium tartrate (0.024%), with pure extract of glycyrrhiza, syrup, acacia and spirit of nitrous ether in water. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

Uses: A misnamed but popular expectorant, efficient mainly through its opium and antimony.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Mistura Opii et Chloroformi Composita (Mist. Opii et Chlorof. Co.), Compound Mixture of Opium and Chloroform, N.F. (Squibb’s Diarrhea Mixture).—Tincture of opium (20%), spirit of camphor (20%), tincture of capsicum (10%), chloroform (8%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

Uses: Against diarrhea.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Mistura Opii et Rhei Composita (Mist. Opii et Rhei Co.), Compound Mixture of Opium and Rhubarb, N.F. (Sun Cholera Mixture).—Tincture of opium (20%), tincture of rhubarb (10%), tincture of capsicum (10%), spirit of camphor (20%), spirit of peppermint and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 78 per cent.

Uses: Against diarrhea.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Mistura Opii et Sassafras (Mist. Opii et Sassaf.), Mixture of Opium and Sassafras, N.F. (Mistura Sassafras et Opii, N.F. III, Mistura Opii Alkalina, Godfrey’s Cordial).—Tincture of opium (3.5%) and oil of sassafras (0.1%) with alcohol and potassium carbonate in syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 6.5 per cent.

Uses: Sedative.

Dosage: Infants, 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

*Opii Pulvis (Opii Pulv.), Powdered Opium, U.S.P. (Opii Pulvis, P.I.).—Contains about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).[Pg 151]

Opium Deodoratum (Opium Deod.), Deodorized Opium, U.S.P.—Opium extracted with benzin. Yields about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Opium Granulatum (Opium Gran.), Granulated Opium, U.S.P.—Yields about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Pilulae Opii, Digitalis et Quininae (Pil. Opii Digit. et Quin.), Pills of Opium, Digitalis and Quinine, N.F. (Niemeyer Pills for Phthisis).—Each pill contains powdered opium (0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain), digitalis and quinine sulphate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Opii et Camphorae (Pil. Opii et Camph.), Pills of Opium and Camphor, N.F.—Each pill contains powdered opium (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and camphor (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) with clarified honey.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Opii et Plumbi (Pil. Opii et Plumb.), Pills of Opium and Lead, N.F.—Each pill contains powdered opium and lead acetate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.

Uses: Constipative. The internal use of lead is rarely advisable.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pulvis Cretae et Opii Aromaticus (Pulv. Cret. et Opii Arom.), Aromatic Powder of Chalk and Opium, N.F.—Powdered opium (2.5%) and aromatic powder of chalk.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

*Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Pulv. Ipecac. et Opii), Powder of Ipecac and Opium, U.S.P. (Compound Powder of Ipecac, Dover’s Powder, Opii et Ipecacuanhae Pulvis Compositus, P.I.).—Powdered opium and ipecac (each 10%) with sugar of milk.

Uses: Especially as diaphoretic in incipient colds.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Syr. Ipecac. et Opii), Syrup of Ipecac and Opium, N.F. (Syrup of Dover’s Powder).—Tincture of ipecac and opium (8.5%) flavored with spirit of cinnamon and cinnamon water in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).[Pg 152]

Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Tr. Ipecac. et Opii), Tincture of Ipecac and Opium, N.F. (Tincture of Dover’s Powder).—Tincture of deodorized opium (100%) and fluidextract of ipecac (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

*Tinctura Opii (Tr. Opii), Tincture of Opium, U.S.P. (Laudanum, Opii Tinctura, P.I.).—Granulated opium (10%) yielding about 1 per cent. of anhydrous morphine in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims.

*Tinctura Opii Camphorata (Tr. Opii Camph.), Camphorated Tincture of Opium, U.S.P. (Paregoric, Opii Tinctura Benzoici P.I.).—Powdered opium and camphor (each 0.4%), benzoic acid, oil of anise and glycerin in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Opii Crocata (Tr. Opii Crocat.), Tincture of Opium with Saffron, N.F. (Sydenham’s Laudanum, Tinctura Opii Crocata, P.I.).—Granulated opium (10%) with saffron, Saigon cinnamon and clove in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

*Tinctura Opii Deodorati (Tr. Opii Deod.), Tincture of Deodorized Opium, U.S.P.—Opium (10%, a purified or deodorized aqueous extract yielding about 1% anhydrous morphine), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Pectoralis (Tr. Pectoral.), Pectoral Tincture, N.F. (Guttae Pectorales, Pectoral Drops, Bateman’s Pectoral Drops).—Opium (0.4%), gambir (about 0.3%), camphor (0.4%), with oil of anise and caramel in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

Ovi Albumen Recens (Ovi Album.), Fresh Egg Albumen, N.F.

Action and Uses: Used in pharmacy.

Ovi Vitellum Recens (Ovi Vitel.), Fresh Egg Yolk, N.F.

Action and Uses: Emulsifying agent.[Pg 153]

Glyceritum Vitelli (Glycer. Vitell.), Glycerite of Egg Yolk, N.F. (Glyconin).—Fresh yolk of egg and glycerin.

Ovum Gallinaceum (Ovum Gallin.), Fresh Egg, N.F.

Action and Uses: Used in pharmaceutical preparations.

*Oxygenium (Oxygen.), Oxygen, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Inhaled for relief of asphyxia, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.

*Pancreatinum (Pancreat.), Pancreatin, U.S.P.—Contains enzymes from the pancreas of the hog or beef, principally amylopsin, trypsin and steapsin. Converts not less than 25 per cent. of its own weight of starch into sugars.

A cream-colored powder with a faint odor.

Action and Uses: Chiefly for the predigestion of protein and starchy foods. Incompatible with acids and is therefore destroyed by the action of normal gastric juice. Occasionally used to assist gastric digestion in achlorhydria but the administration of dilute hydrochloric acid seems preferable. When the pancreatic juice is absent pancreatin may be given in salol-coated pills.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Liquor Pancreatini (Liq. Pancreat.), Solution of Pancreatin, N.F. (Liquor Pancreaticus, N.F. III, Pancreatic Solution).—Pancreatin (1.75%), sodium bicarbonate (5%), with compound spirit of cardamom, sodium chloride and chloroform in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 6 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Pulvis Pancreatini Compositus (Pulv. Pancreat. Co.), Compound Pancreatin Powder, N.F. (Pulvis Pancreaticus Compositus, N.F. III, Peptonizing Powder).—Pancreatin (20%) and sodium bicarbonate.

Uses: Predigestion of milk.

Papaveris Fructus (Papav. Fruct.), Poppy Capsules, N.F.—Fully grown unripe poppy heads.

Action and Uses: Weak and unreliable opiate.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Papaveris (Syr. Papaver.), Syrup of Poppy, N.F.—Poppy capsules (10%) in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Paracoto (Paracot.), Paracoto, N.F.—Bark of an unidentified tree.[Pg 154]

Action and Uses: At one time used in diarrhea. The identity of the drug is uncertain and there is no scientific evidence for its value; hence it is now little used.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Paracoto (Fldext. Paracot.), Fluidextract of Paracoto, N.F. (Fluidextractum Coto, N.F. III).—Paracoto (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Paracoto (Tr. Paracoto), Tincture of Paracoto, N.F. (Tinctura Coto, N.F. III).—Paracoto (12.5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Uses: Antidiarrheic, of doubtful efficacy.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

*Paraffinum (Paraff.), Paraffin, U.S.P.—A purified mixture of solid hydrocarbons, usually obtained from petroleum.

A white, waxy, odorless and tasteless solid, greasy to the touch, melting between 50 and 57 C.

Action and Uses: Used in surgery for prosthetic purposes and in pharmacy for raising the melting point of ointments and similar products.

Paraformaldehydum (Paraform.), Paraformaldehyde, U.S.P. (Paraform, Trioxymethylene).—A polymeric form of formaldehyde.

White friable masses or powder with a slight odor of formaldehyde. Soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol or ether.

Action and Uses: Employed in place of formaldehyde to disinfect rooms by vaporization in presence of moisture (to insure formation of formaldehyde). As it is active only if decomposed there may be some doubt as to its efficiency. Internally, it has been used as intestinal antiseptic, but is probably useless and may be harmful.

*Paraldehydum (Paraldehyd.), Paraldehyde, U.S.P.—A polymer of acetaldehyde.

A colorless liquid, having a strong, characteristic odor and an extremely unpleasant taste, and producing first a burning and then a cooling sensation in the mouth. Soluble in water (1:8), and miscible with alcohol or chloroform.

Action and Uses: Prompt and fairly active hypnotic and sedative devoid of serious side-effects.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.). Best administered with cracked ice or ice-cold liquids.[Pg 155]

Pareira (Pareira), Pareira, N.F. (Pareira Brava).—Roots.

Action and Uses: Obsolete bitter tonic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Pareirae (Fldext. Pareir.), Fluidextract of Pareira, N.F.—Pareira (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Passiflora (Passiflor.), Passion Flower, N.F. (Passion Vine).—Dried herbage.

Action and Uses: Exploited by manufacturers of proprietary remedies for the treatment of insomnia, but probably inert.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

Tinctura Passiflorae (Tr. Passiflor.), Tincture of Passion Flower, N.F.—Passion flower (20%), in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

PASTAE DERMATOLOGICAE, DERMATOLOGIC PASTES.—Dermatologic pastes are medicaments for external use. They are ointment-like mixtures containing starch or dextrin with glycerin, soft soap, petrolatum or lard mixed with some active medicinal agent. For the official dermatologic pastes see under the names of the principal constituents.

*Pelletierinae Tannas (Pellet. Tann.), Pelletierine Tannate, U.S.P.—A mixture of alkaloids from pomegranate.

A light yellow, odorless powder with an astringent taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:240) and soluble in alcohol (1:16).

Action and Uses: Anthelmintic and teniafuge.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.). May be administered suspended in water. Should be given on an empty stomach followed after one or two hours by brisk purging. Not more than 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains should be given.

Pepo (Pepo), Pepo, U.S.P. (Pumpkin Seed).

Action and Uses: Domestic anthelmintic; probably inefficient.

Dosage: 30 Gm. or 1 ounce (U.S.P.).

*Pepsinum (Pepsin.), Pepsin, U.S.P.—Contains a proteolytic ferment or enzyme from the stomach of the hog.

White or yellowish scales, grains, or powder, having a slightly acid or saline taste and no offensive odor. Soluble in water (1:50); [Pg 156]nearly insoluble in alcohol. Digests 3000 times its own weight of coagulated egg albumen.

Action and Uses: Used to assist in the gastric digestion of proteins. Usually superfluous, since gastric juice generally contains sufficient pepsin to perform gastric digestion. The alcohol of the elixirs and wines may be distinctly harmful in gastric disorders, while the other ingredients of the many complex mixtures need be prescribed only when direct indications for them exist. Many of these mixtures are irrational.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Pepsin.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Pepsin, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Pepsini, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal with Iron and Pepsin).—Glycerite of pepsin (20%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Pepsini (Elix. Pepsin.), Elixir of Pepsin, N.F.—Glycerite of pepsin (20%), glycerin (10%), hydrochloric acid (0.4%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae.—See under Strychnina.

Elixir Pepsini et Bismuthi (Elix. Pepsin. et Bism.), Elixir of Pepsin and Bismuth, N.F.—Pepsin (0.85%), glycerin (12.5%), glycerite of bismuth (12.5%) in water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Uses: This preparation lacks the protective action of the basic bismuth salts.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Pepsini et Ferri (Elix. Pepsin. et Ferr.), Elixir of Pepsin and Iron, N.F.—Tincture of ferric citro-chloride (7.5%) and elixir of pepsin. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Pepsini et Rennini Compositum (Elix. Pepsin. et Rennin. Co.), Compound Elixir of Pepsin and Rennin, N.F. (Essentia Pepsini, N.F. III).—Pepsin (2.25%), rennin (1.65%), lactic acid, tincture of sweet orange peel, glycerin, alcohol, oil of myristica and water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.[Pg 157]

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Glyceritum Pepsini (Glycer. Pepsin.), Glycerite of Pepsin, N.F.—Pepsin (8.5%), hydrochloric acid (1%) in glycerin and water.

Dosage: 3 Cc. or 45 minims (N.F.).

Liquor Pepsini (Liq. Pepsin.), Solution of Pepsin, N.F.—Glycerite of pepsin (5%) and hydrochloric acid (1%) in glycerin and water.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Liquor Pepsini Antisepticus (Liq. Pepsin. Antisept.), Antiseptic Solution of Pepsin, N.F.—Pepsin (5%), menthol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, alcohol, glycerin and diluted hydrochloric acid in water. Absolute alcohol content about 1 per cent.

Uses: This solution appears misnamed, since its administration cannot render the stomach antiseptic.

Liquor Pepsini Aromaticus (Liq. Pepsin. Arom.), Aromatic Solution of Pepsin, N.F.—Pepsin (1.75%), oils of cinnamon, pimenta and clove, alcohol, hydrochloric acid and glycerin in water. Absolute alcohol content about 3 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Pepsinum Saccharatum (Pepsin. Sacchar.), Saccharated Pepsin, N.F.—Pepsin (10%) with sugar of milk.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Succus Citri et Pepsinum (Suc. Cit. et Pepsin.), Lime Juice and Pepsin, N.F. (Succus Limettae cum Pepsino, N.F. III).—Glycerite of pepsin (40%) and lime juice.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Vinum Pepsini (Vin. Pepsin.), Wine of Pepsin, N.F. (Pepsin Wine).—Glycerite of pepsin (20%) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Persio (Persio), Cudbear, N.F. (Red Indigo).—A purplish-red powder prepared from lichens.

Action and Uses: Coloring agent.

Tinctura Persionis (Tr. Persion.), Tincture of Cudbear, N.F.—Cudbear in alcohol and water.

Uses: To impart a reddish color.

Tinctura Persionis Composita (Tr. Persion. Co.), Compound Tincture of Cudbear, N.F.—Cudbear and caramel in alcohol and water.[Pg 158]

Uses: To impart a reddish-brown color.

*Petrolatum (Petrolat.), Petrolatum, U.S.P. (Petrolatum Ointment, Petroleum Jelly).—A purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons from crude petroleum.

An unctuous, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless semisolid. Insoluble in water and almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Protective to the skin and basis for ointments, etc.

Emulsum Petrolati (Emul. Petrolat.), Emulsion of Petrolatum, N.F. (Emulsum Petrolei, N.F. III).—Petrolatum (22.5%), expressed oil of almond and acacia in syrup and water flavored with tincture of lemon peel.

Uses: Emollient laxative.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Petrolatum Album (Petrolat. Alb.), White Petrolatum, U.S.P. (White Petroleum Jelly).—Petrolatum decolorized or nearly so.

Action and Uses: Same as those of petrolatum.

*Petrolatum Liquidum (Petrolat. Liq.), Liquid Petrolatum, U.S.P. (Liquid Paraffin, Mineral Oil).—A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons. Official as Heavy Liquid Petrolatum and Light Liquid Petrolatum.

A colorless, transparent, oily, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless liquid. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

Action and Uses: Vehicle for medicinal agents to be applied externally or to the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. Also given internally largely for its mechanical action in constipation. Is not absorbed by the intestine and has no nutritive properties.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Nebula Aromatica (Nebul. Arom.), Aromatic Oil Spray, N.F. (Aromatol).—Light liquid petrolatum aromatized with phenol, menthol, thymol, camphor, benzoic acid, eucalyptol, oil of cinnamon, oil of clove and methyl salicylate.

Uses: An aromatic spray.

Petroxolinum Liquidum (Petrox. Liq.), Liquid Petroxolin, N.F. (Petrolatum Saponatum Liquidum, N.F. III, Liquid Petrox).—Light liquid petrolatum and ammonium oleate, scented with oil of lavender and diluted with water and alcohol.

Uses: A soap-emulsion of petrolatum intended as vehicle for oily applications.[Pg 159]

Petroxolinum Spissum (Petrox. Spiss.), Solid Petroxolin, N.F. (Petrolatum Saponatum Spissum, N.F. III, Solid Petrox).—An ointment composed of ammonium oleate, white wax, light liquid petrolatum and alcohol scented with oil of lavender.

Petroselini Radix (Petrosel. Rad.), Parsley Root, N.F.

Action and Uses: Obsolete carminative.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Petroselini Radicis (Fldext. Petrosel. Rad.), Fluidextract of Parsley Root, N.F.—Parsley root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Petroselinum (Petrosel.), Parsley Fruit, U.S.P. (Parsley Seed).

Action and Uses: See the oleoresin below.

Oleoresina Petroselini (Oleores. Petrosel.), Oleoresin of Parsley Fruit, U.S.P. (Liquid Apiol).

Uses: Advertised as an emmenagogue, but of doubtful value.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

PETROXOLINA, PETROXOLINS.—The petroxolins are solutions or suspensions of active medicaments in a mixture of ammonia soap and petrolatum or liquid petrolatum. Their advantage over other forms of external applications is doubtful. For official petroxolins see under the names of the principal ingredients.

*Phenol (Phenol), Phenol, U.S.P. (Carbolic Acid).—Hydroxybenzene obtained from coal-tar or made synthetically.

Colorless crystals or white crystalline masses, sometimes becoming reddish, with a characteristic odor. Soluble in water (1:15), and very soluble in alcohol, glycerin or the fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Standard antiseptic and germicide; also local anesthetic and caustic.

Aqua Phenolata (Aq. Phenol.), Phenolated Water, N.F. (Carbolic Acid Water).—Phenol (2%) in water.

Glyceritum Phenolis (Glycer. Phenol.), Glycerite of Phenol, U.S.P. (Glycerite of Carbolic Acid).—Liquefied phenol (20%) in glycerin.

Dosage: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).

Oleum Phenolatum (Ol. Phenol.), Phenolated Oil, N.F. (Oleum Carbolatum, N.F. III, Carbolized Oil).—Phenol (5%) in olive oil.[Pg 160]

Uses: A mild local stimulant and anesthetic but practically not antiseptic.

Petroxolinum Phenolis (Petrox. Phenol.), Phenol Petroxolin, N.F. (Phenol Petrox).—Phenol (5%) in liquid petroxolin.

Petroxolinum Phenolis Camphoratum (Petrox. Phenol. Camph.), Camphorated Phenol Petroxolin, N.F. (Camphorated Phenol Petrox).—Phenol (12.5%) and camphor (37.5%) in liquid petroxolin.

*Phenol Liquefactum (Phenol Liq.), Liquefied Phenol, U.S.P. (Liquefied Carbolic Acid).—Phenol liquefied by water (about 10%).

A colorless liquid, which may become reddish.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

Unguentum Phenolis (Ung. Phenol.), Ointment of Phenol, U.S.P. (Ointment of Carbolic Acid).—Liquefied phenol (2.25%) in ointment.

Phenol Iodatum (Phenol Iodat.), Iodized Phenol, N.F. (Acidum Carbolicum Iodatum, N.F. III).—Iodine (20%) and phenol (60%) in glycerin.

*Phenolphthaleinum (Phenolphthal.), Phenolphthalein, U.S.P.

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol (1:13).

Action and Uses: Mild but efficient cathartic. It may cause some irritation to the rectum and lower bowel and very large doses have produced alarming secondary symptoms.

Dosage: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

Trochisci Phenolphthaleini (Troch. Phenolphthal.), Troches of Phenolphthalein, N.F.—Each troche contains phenolphthalein (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with acacia, sugar, vanillin and carmine.

Dosage: 1 troche.

*Phenylis Salicylas (Phenyl. Salicyl.), Phenyl Salicylate, U.S.P. (Salol).

White powder, with an aromatic odor and a slight, characteristic taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:6670); freely soluble in alcohol (1:6), and in fixed or volatile oils.

Action and Uses: Intestinal antiseptic, by the liberation of phenol and salicylic acid.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.) best in powder; may be inclosed dry in capsules or cachets.[Pg 161]

*Phosphorus (Phosphor.), Phosphorus, U.S.P.

Translucent, nearly colorless, waxy solid with a characteristic odor, becoming white, red or black on the surface on long keeping. Readily inflammable in air (preserved under water). Almost insoluble in water, to which phosphorus imparts its characteristic odor and taste; slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol (1:400) and soluble in chloroform (1:17).

Action and Uses: In rickets for stimulation of bone formation. Its use as “nerve-food” is irrational.

Dosage: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.). May be administered in pills or as phosphorated oil (1:100). The preparations are unreliable unless they have been recently made, since phosphorus rapidly loses its efficiency through oxidation.

Elixir Phosphori (Elix. Phosphor.), Elixir of Phosphorus, N.F.—Phosphorus (0.025%) and chloroform in alcohol, glycerin and water flavored with compound spirit of orange and oil of anise. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent. Deteriorates rapidly.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Phosphori et Nucis Vomicae (Elix. Phosphor. et Nuc. Vom.), Elixir of Phosphorus and Nux Vomica, N.F.—Tincture of nux vomica (3.5%) and elixir of phosphorus. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent.

Uses: An irrational “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Liquor Phosphori (Liq. Phosphor.), Solution of Phosphorus, N.F. (Thompson’s Solution of Phosphorus).—Phosphorus (0.07%) in glycerin and dehydrated alcohol flavored with spirit of peppermint. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

Dosage: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

Oleum Phosphoratum (Ol. Phosphorat.), Phosphorated Oil, N.F.—Phosphorus (1%), dissolved in ether and added to expressed oil of almond.

Dosage: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (N.F.).

Pilulae Phosphori (Pil. Phosphor.), Pills of Phosphorus, U.S.P.—Each pill should contain phosphorus (0.6 mg. or 1/100 grain) coated with tolu.

Dosage: 1 pill (U.S.P.).

Physostigma (Physostig.), Physostigma, U.S.P. (Calabar Bean, Ordeal Bean).—Yields not less than 0.15 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly physostigmine).

Action and Uses: Antitetanic, antineuralgic, peristaltic. See Physostigminae Salicylas, which has the same actions [Pg 162]and deserves preference because of its uniform composition.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.). Not used as such.

Extractum Physostigmatis (Ext. Physostig.), Extract of Physostigma, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Physostigma).—One Gm. extract represents about 13 Gm. of physostigma. Yields about 2 per cent. of alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Physostigmatis (Tr. Physostig.), Tincture of Physostigma, U.S.P. (Tincture of Calabar Bean).—Physostigma (10%), yielding about 0.015 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

*Physostigminae Salicylas (Physostig. Salicyl.), Physostigmine Salicylate, U.S.P. (Eserine Salicylate).

Colorless or nearly colorless, odorless crystals. Soluble in water (1:75) and in alcohol (1:16).

Action and Uses: Stimulant of parasympathetic nerve endings. Used especially as a powerful miotic, particularly in glaucoma, sometimes internally against ileus or intestinal paresis.

Dosage: Internally, 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain (U.S.P.). Externally, solutions (should be freshly prepared) from 0.1 to 1 per cent.

Phytolacca (Phytolac.), Phytolacca, N.F. (Poke Root).

Action and Uses: Unreliable irritant, emetic, cathartic and “alterative.”

Dosage: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.); alterative, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Phytolaccae (Fldext. Phytolac.), Fluidextract of Phytolacca, N.F.—Phytolacca (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: Emetic, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.); alterative, 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (N.F.).

*Pilocarpinae Hydrochloridum (Pilocarpin. Hydrochl.), Pilocarpine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Pilocarpine Chloride).

Colorless, odorless crystals with a faintly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.3) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3).

Action and Uses: Used especially to increase sweat and other secretions, also as miotic. Must be used with caution when the circulation is weak.[Pg 163]

Dosage: By mouth 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). Best administered by hypodermic injection.

*Pilocarpinae Nitras (Pilocarpin. Nit.), Pilocarpine Nitrate, U.S.P.

Shining, odorless crystals. Freely soluble in water (1:4) and soluble in alcohol (1:75).

Action and Uses: Has no advantage over pilocarpine hydrochloride.

Dosage: By mouth, 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

Pilocarpus (Pilocarp.), Pilocarpus, U.S.P. (Jaborandi).—Leaves, yielding 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly pilocarpine).

Action and Uses: See Pilocarpine.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains.

Fluidextractum Pilocarpi (Fldext. Pilocarp.), Fluidextract of Pilocarpus, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Jaborandi).—Pilocarpus (100%), yielding about 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

PILULAE, PILLS.—Pills are dosage forms of medicinal substances intended for administration by the mouth. For the official pills see under the names of the principal ingredients. For Pilulae ad Prandium see under Aloe; for Pilulae Antidyspepticae, under Strychnina; for Pilulae Antimonii Compositae, under Antimonium Sulphuratum; for Pilulae Antiperiodicae and Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe, under Quininae Sulphas; for Pilulae Catharticae Compositae, Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabiles and Pilulae Laxativae Post Partum, under Colocynthis; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes et Nucis Vomicae, under Ferri Sulphas; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae Strychninae et Arseni Fortiores and Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Mites, under Ferri Reductum; for Pilulae Laxativae Compositae, under Aloinum.

Pimenta (Piment.), Pimenta, N.F. (Pimento, Allspice).—Nearly ripe fruit.

Action and Uses: Aromatic; stomachic; has no advantage over cardamom.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).[Pg 164]

Pimpinella (Pimpinell.), Pimpinella, N.F. (Pimpernel Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Formerly used as a diuretic, diaphoretic and stomachic. Now obsolete; no definite indications for its use.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

Tinctura Pimpinellae (Tr. Pimpinel.), Tincture of Pimpinella, N.F.—Pimpinella (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Pinus Alba (Pinus Alb.), White Pine Bark, N.F.—Inner bark.

Action and Uses: Used as “expectorant” in proprietary cough syrups. Of doubtful value.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains.

Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus (Syr. Pin. Strob. Co.), Compound Syrup of White Pine, N.F.—White pine bark and wild cherry (each 8.5%), aralia (1%), balsam poplar buds (1%), sanguinaria (0.8%), sassafras (0.7%) and chloroform (0.6%) in glycerin, alcohol and syrup, colored with cudbear and flavored with oil of sassafras. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus cum Morphina.—See under Morphinae Sulphas.

Piper (Piper), Pepper, U.S.P. (Black Pepper).

Action and Uses: Sometimes used as carminative, generally in the form of the oleoresin, which is highly irritant.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Oleoresina Piperis (Oleores. Piper.), Oleoresin of Pepper, U.S.P.

Dosage: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

*Pix Liquida (Pix Liq.), Tar, U.S.P. (Pine Tar).—Obtained by the destructive distillation of pine wood.

A semiliquid viscid blackish-brown substance, with an empyreumatic odor and taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol.

Action and Uses: Externally, as antiseptic and stimulant in chronic diseases of the skin associated with thickening and scaling. Internally, as irritant expectorant in subacute bronchitis.[Pg 165]

Dosage: Internally, 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) as syrup. Externally, in ointment, at first from 2 to 4 per cent., later in higher strength.

Glyceritum Picis Liquidae (Glycer. Pic. Liq.), Glycerite of Tar, N.F.—Tar (6.3%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Liquor Picis Alkalinus (Liq. Pic. Alk.), Alkaline Solution of Tar, N.F.—Tar (25%), in potassium hydroxide (12.5%), and water.

Syrupus Picis Liquidae (Syr. Pic. Liq.), Syrup of Tar, U.S.P.—Tar (0.5%) in alcohol, mixed with syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Unguentum Picis Liquidae (Ung. Pic. Liq.), Tar Ointment, U.S.P.—Tar (50%), yellow wax and lard.

Vinum Picis (Vin. Pic.), Wine of Tar, N.F.—Tar (10%) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 29 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Pix Lithanthracis (Pix Lith.), Coal Tar, N.F. (Pix Carbonis).—Obtained by the destructive distillation of coal.

Nearly black semisolid, with a characteristic naphthalene-like odor and a sharp, burning taste. Only slightly soluble in water; partially dissolved by alcohol.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic and irritant; used in skin diseases in the form of:

Liquor Picis Carbonis (Liq. Pic. Carbon.), Coal Tar Solution, N.F.—Coal tar (20%), quillaja and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

*Plumbi Acetas (Plumb. Acet.), Lead Acetate, U.S.P. (Sugar of Lead).—Pb(CH₃COO)₂ + 3H₂O.

Colorless, shining transparent crystals or heavy white crystalline masses, efflorescent, with a faint vinegar odor and a sweetish, astringent, afterward metallic taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.4) and soluble in alcohol (1:38).

Action and Uses: Seldom used internally for fear of lead poisoning. Externally, used as astringent lotion.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Lotio Plumbi et Opii (Lot. Plumb. et Opii), Lotion of Lead and Opium, N.F. (Lead and Opium Wash).—A mixture of lead acetate (1.75%) and tincture of opium (3.5%) in water.[Pg 166]

Uses: A popular but irrational application, astringent and protective, but not a true anesthetic. The opium alkaloids are not absorbed to any appreciable extent through the unbroken skin.

Plumbi Carbonas (Plumb. Carb.), Lead Carbonate, N.F. (White Lead).—A mixture of lead carbonate and hydroxide.

Heavy, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in alcohol or water.

Action and Uses: External protective and astringent, without marked advantage over zinc oxide or the bismuth preparations, but involving some danger of lead poisoning.

Plumbi Iodidum (Plumb. Iod.), Lead Iodide, N.F.—PbI₂.

Heavy, bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1,300), and in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Has been used externally in the form of an ointment for application to glandular enlargement and for chronic joint enlargement. Its use is irrational.

Unguentum Plumbi Iodidi (Ung. Plumb. Iod.), Ointment of Lead Iodide, N.F.—Lead iodide (10%), and benzoinated lard.

Plumbi Oxidum (Plumb. Oxid.), Lead Oxide, U.S.P. (Litharge).—PbO.

Heavy yellowish or reddish-yellow, odorless and tasteless powder or minute scales. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used to make pharmaceutical preparations.

Emplastrum Plumbi (Emp. Plumb.), Lead Plaster, U.S.P. (Diachylon Plaster).—Lead oleate obtained by heating a mixture of lead oxide, olive oil and lard.

Uses: Used in plaster masses and as a basis for diachylon ointment.

Unguentum Diachylon (Ung. Diachyl.), Diachylon Ointment, U.S.P.—Lead plaster (50%), oil of lavender and white petrolatum.

Plumbi Oxidum Rubrum (Plumb. Oxid. Rub.), Red Oxide of Lead, N.F. (Red Lead).—Chiefly Pb₃O₄.

Heavy, odorless, tasteless red powder. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of Plumbi Carbonas.[Pg 167]

Plumbi Subacetas, Lead Subacetate.

Action and Uses: Astringent; used externally in the form of the following preparations:

Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis (Cerat. Plumb. Subacet.), Cerate of Lead Subacetate, N.F. (Goulard’s Cerate).—A mixture of solution of lead subacetate (20%), camphor (2%), wool fat, white wax, and white petrolatum.

*Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis (Liq. Plumb. Subacet.), Solution of Lead Subacetate, U.S.P. (Goulard’s Extract).—Contains lead subacetate corresponding to about 18 per cent. of lead, Pb.

Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus (Liq. Plumb. Subacet. Dil.), Diluted Solution of Lead Subacetate, U.S.P. (Lead Water).—Solution of lead subacetate (4%) with water.

*Podophyllum (Podoph.), Podophyllum, U.S.P. (Mandrake, May Apple Rhizome).—Yields not less than 3 per cent. of resin.

Action and Uses: See the resin, below.

Extractum Podophyllum (Ext. Podophyl.), Extract of Podophyllum, N.F.—A hydro-alcoholic extract.

Dosage: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Podophylli (Fldext. Podophyll.), Fluidextract of Podophyllum, U.S.P.—Podophyllum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

*Resina Podophylli (Res. Podoph.), Resin of Podophyllum, U.S.P. (Podophyllin).—The resin from podophyllum.

Uses: Slow but effective and rather irritant cathartic.

Dosage: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

Populi Gemmae (Pop. Gem.), Balsam Poplar Buds, N.F. (Balm of Gilead Buds).

Action and Uses: Similar to but without advantage over cubeb or turpentine. Used almost exclusively in proprietary medicines and imitations.

Potassae Chlorinata, Chlorinated Potassa.

Liquor Potassae Chlorinatae (Liq. Pot. Chlorinat.), Solution of Chlorinated Potassa, N.F. (Liquor Potassae Chlorate, Javelle Water).—Potassium carbonate (5.8%), chlorinated lime (8%) and water.

Action and Uses: Same as those of Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae, which see under Soda Chlorinata.[Pg 168]

Potassa Sulphurata (Pot. Sulphurat.), Sulphurated Potassa, U.S.P. (Liver of Sulphur).—Chiefly potassium polysulphides and potassium thiosulphate.

Irregular pieces, at first liver-brown, later greenish-yellow to gray, with a strong hydrogen sulphide odor and a bitter, acrid, alkaline taste. Very soluble in water; alcohol dissolves only the sulphides. Incompatible with acids and the salts of the heavy metals.

Action and Uses: Employed as a parasiticide and to stimulate and soften the skin in chronic cutaneous diseases.

*Potassii Acetas (Pot. Acet.), Potassium Acetate, U.S.P.—KCH₃COO.

White, odorless or nearly odorless powder or crystalline masses with a warming, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.5) and in alcohol (1:2.9).

Action and Uses: Systemic alkali and diuretic, practically equivalent to sodium acetate. It can easily be administered in water and milk, so that there appears to be little excuse for the alcoholic elixirs.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Potassii Acetatis (Elix. Pot. Acet.), Elixir of Potassium Acetate, N.F.—Potassium acetate (8.5%), and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Potassii Acetatis et Juniperi (Elix. Pot. Acet. et Junip.), Elixir of Potassium Acetate and Juniper, N.F.—Potassium acetate (8.5%), fluidextract of juniper (12.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Potassii Arsenas, Potassium Arsenate.

Liquor Arsenicalis Clemens (Liq. Ars. Clemens), Clemens’ Solution of Arsenic, N.F. (Liquor Potassi Arsenatis et Bromidi, N.F. III, Solution of Potassium Arsenate and Bromides).—Contains potassium arsenate corresponding to about 1 per cent. of arsenic trioxide, As₂O₃.

Uses: A superfluous arsenic solution.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

Potassii Arsenis, Potassium Arsenite.

*Liquor Potassii Arsenitis (Liq. Pot. Arsen.), Solution of Potassium Arsenite, U.S.P. (Fowler’s Solution, Liquor Arsenicalis, Liquor Arsenicalis Fowleri, P.I.).—Arsenic trioxide (1%) and potassium bicarbonate (2%) in compound [Pg 169]tincture of lavender and water. Contains potassium arsenite corresponding to 1 per cent. of As₂O₃.

Uses: The most frequently used inorganic arsenical preparation. It has an alkaline reaction and therefore tends to precipitate alkaloids.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

*Potassii Bicarbonas (Pot. Bicarb.), Potassium Bicarbonate, U.S.P.—KHCO₃.

Colorless, transparent crystals or white, granular powder, odorless and having a saline, slightly alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Mild alkali; similar to sodium bicarbonate, but without advantage over the latter.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Liquor Antisepticus Alkalinus (Liq. Antisept. Alk.), Alkaline Antiseptic Solution, N.F.—Potassium bicarbonate (3.2%), sodium borate (3.2%) and sodium benzoate (0.8%) with thymol, eucalyptol, oil of peppermint, methyl salicylate and cudbear in alcohol, glycerin and water.

Uses: Of slight value as antiseptic, but a pleasant cleansing gargle.

*Potassi Bitartras (Pot. Bitart.), Potassium Bitartrate, U.S.P. (Cream of Tartar).

Colorless, slightly opaque crystals or white, somewhat gritty powder, odorless and having an acidulous taste. Only slightly soluble in water (1:155) and very slightly soluble in alcohol (1:8,820).

Action and Uses: Diuretic and aperient. Frequently administered in combination with jalap as a hydragogue cathartic. See Pulvis Jalapae Compositus under Jalapa.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

*Potassii Bromidum (Pot. Brom.), Potassium Bromide, U.S.P.—KBr.

White crystals or granular powder, odorless and having a strongly saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5); slightly soluble in alcohol (1:250).

Action and Uses: Nerve sedative; diminishes reflex excitability and depresses the motor area of the cortex. Similar to sodium bromide, but more likely to disturb digestion.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.); preferably administered by itself in simple dilute solutions; increased if necessary. Long-continued administration should be [Pg 170]interrupted occasionally to prevent bromism and accumulation in the system.

Elixir Potassii Bromidi (Elix. Pot. Brom.), Elixir of Potassium Bromide, N.F.—Potassium bromide (17.5%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir; may be colored with compound tincture of cudbear. Absolute alcohol content about 7.5 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Sal Potassii Bromidi Effervescens (Sal Pot. Brom. Eff.), Effervescent Salt of Potassium Bromide, N.F. (Pulvis Potassii Bromidi Effervescens, N.F. III).—Potassium bromide (16.6%), sodium bicarbonate (53%), tartaric acid (20.4%) and citric acid, the last-named three yielding sodium citrate and sodium carbonate.

Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms.

Sal Potassii Bromidi Effervescens Compositus (Sal Pot. Brom. Eff. Co.), Compound Effervescent Salt of Potassium Bromide, N.F. (Pulvis Potassii Bromidi Effervescens cum Caffeina, N.F. III, Effervescent Potassium Bromide with Caffeine).—Caffeine (0.8%) and potassium bromide (8.3%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (58.7%), lithium carbonate (4.2%), tartaric acid (18%) and citric acid. (Yielding citrate and tartrate of lithium and sodium.)

Uses: “Headache” mixture; generally undesirable.

Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).

Syrupus Bromidorum (Syr. Bromidor.), Syrup of the Bromides, N.F.—Potassium bromide and sodium bromide (each 8%), ammonium bromide (5%), calcium bromide (2.5%), lithium bromide (0.8%) flavored with tincture of vanilla and colored with compound tincture of cudbear in compound syrup of sarsaparilla and syrup.

Uses: It is very improbable that this complex mixture has any advantage over a simple bromide.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Potassii Carbonas (Pot. Carb.), Potassium Carbonate, U.S.P.—K₂CO₃. (A hydrated form is sold as salt of tartar).

White, odorless, deliquescent granular powder with a strongly alkaline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9), but insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Strongly alkaline and caustic; very dilute solutions sometimes used as antacid.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).[Pg 171]

*Potassii Chloras (Pot. Chloras), Potassium Chlorate, U.S.P.—KClO₃.

Colorless, lustrous crystals or white, granular powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Soluble in water (1:11.5) and almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as mouthwash and gargles in stomatitis, etc. Large doses are actively poisonous, causing disintegration of the blood corpuscles. Has been used in the form of gargle and troches for sore throat (swallowing the latter may be dangerous).

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Trochisci Potassii Chloratis (Troch. Pot. Chlorat.), Troches of Potassium Chlorate, U.S.P.—Each troche contains potassium chlorate (0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains) with sugar and tragacanth.

Potassii Chloridum (Pot. Chlorid.), Potassium Chloride, N.F.—KCl.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended for use as table salt in place of sodium chloride, in cases in which the absorption of salt was thought to be undesirable. Its value is not established.

*Potassii Citras (Pot. Cit.), Potassium Citrate, U.S.P.

Transparent crystals or white, granular powder; odorless and having a cooling saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Systemic alkali and diuretic like potassium acetate, but more laxative.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

*Potassii Citras Effervescens (Pot. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Potassium Citrate, U.S.P.—An effervescent mixture representing potassium citrate (20%), sodium citrate (27.55%) and sodium tartrate (38.7%).

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Liquor Potassii Citratis (Liq. Pot. Cit.), Solution of Potassium Citrate, U.S.P.—Potassium citrate (8%) in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

*Potassii et Sodii Tartras (Pot. et Sod. Tart.), Potassium and Sodium Tartrate, U.S.P. (Rochelle Salt).

Transparent crystals or white powder, odorless and having a cooling, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9).

[Pg 172]

Action and Uses: Saline cathartic, of relatively unobjectionable taste.

Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.) in water.

*Pulvis Effervescens Compositus (Pulv. Eff. Co.), Compound Effervescing Powder, U.S.P. (Seidlitz Powder).—The blue paper contains sodium bicarbonate (2.5 Gm.) and potassium and sodium tartrate (7.5 Gm.). The white paper contains tartaric acid (2.16 Gm.).

Dosage: 1 set of two powders (U.S.P.).

*Potassii Hydroxidum (Pot. Hydrox.), Potassium Hydroxide, U.S.P. (Caustic Potash, Potassium Hydrate).—KOH (not less than 85%).

Dry white or nearly white, odorless, deliquescent, hard and brittle flakes, masses or sticks. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3).

Action and Uses: Internally, an antacid, but objectionable for it is more irritant than the bicarbonate and without advantage over the latter. Externally, caustic and solvent, but too diffluent.

*Liquor Potassii Hydroxidi (Liq. Pot. Hydrox.), Solution of Potassium Hydroxide, U.S.P. (Liquor Potassae, Solution of Potassa).—KOH (not less than 4.5%).

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Potassa cum Calce (Pot. c. Calc.), Potassa with Lime, N.F.—Potassium hydroxide (50%) and calcium oxide.

Uses: Caustic.

Potassii Hypophosphis (Pot. Hypophos.), Potassium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.—KH₂PO₂. (Caution should be observed in handling this product to avoid explosion.)

White, opaque deliquescent plates, crystalline masses or granular powder, odorless and having a pungent, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:9).

Action and Uses: Introduced in common with other hypophosphites as a cure for tuberculosis; since used as “nerve-foods.” There is no proof that the hypophosphites exert any physiologic effect, influence any pathologic process, or have any food value.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

*Potassii Iodidum (Pot. Iod.), Potassium Iodide, U.S.P.—KI.

Transparent, translucent or opaque crystals or white granular powder, with a pungent, saline, afterward bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.7) and soluble in alcohol (1:22). Incompatible with [Pg 173]mineral acids and oxidizing agents and should not be prescribed in solution with alkaloids or alkaloid-containing drugs.

Action and Uses: Saline expectorant, especially in asthma and chronic bronchitis; diuretic; antisyphilitic; “alterative” in rheumatic conditions, sclerosis, etc.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.); best administered in simple solution and well diluted; in lues the dose should be gradually increased to the limit of tolerance.

Unguentum Potassii Iodidi (Ung. Pot. Iod.), Ointment of Potassium Iodide, N.F.—Potassium iodide (10%), sodium thiosulphate (1%), water and benzoinated lard.

Uses: An irrational method of administering potassium iodide, as none of the drug is absorbed through the skin.

Potassi Nitras (Pot. Nitras), Potassium Nitrate, U.S.P. (Saltpetre).—KNO₃.

Transparent crystals or white powder, odorless and having a cooling saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:620).

Action and Uses: Diuretic, irritant to kidneys and intestines; has largely gone out of use.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Charta Potassii Nitratis (Chart. Pot. Nit.), Potassium Nitrate Paper, N.F.—Paper impregnated with potassium nitrate.

Uses: The smoke is inhaled in asthma, but is not very effective.

*Potassii Permanganas (Pot. Permang.), Potassium Permanganate, U.S.P.—KMnO₄.

Slender, dark purple odorless crystals, with a taste (in solution) at first sweet, afterward disagreeable and astringent. Soluble in water (1:13.5), forming violet-red to rose-colored solutions which stain the fingers and clothes. Decomposed by alcohol and glycerin. Should not be brought into contact with organic or other readily oxidizable substances.

Action and Uses: Effective deodorant, disinfectant and astringent. Internally as emmenagogue, probably useless.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), usually in pills. For application to the skin, 1:500 solution.

Potassii Sulphas (Pot. Sulph.), Potassium Sulphate, N.F.—K₂SO₄.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline, somewhat bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:10) and insoluble in alcohol.

[Pg 174]

Action and Uses: Saline purgative closely resembling sodium sulphate in its action, but without advantage over the latter.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Prunum (Prunum), Prune, N.F.

Action and Uses: One of the ingredients in confection of senna but seldom used in medicine apart from this.

*Prunus Virginiana (Prun. Virg.), Wild Cherry, U.S.P. (Wild Black Cherry Bark).

Action and Uses: Sedative expectorant, mainly used as flavor.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Pruni Virginianae (Fldext. Prun. Virg.), Fluidextract of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Wild cherry (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Infusum Pruni Virginianae (Inf. Prun. Virg.), Infusion of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Wild cherry (4%), in glycerin and water.

Dosage: 60 Cc. or 2 fluidounces (N.F.).

*Syrupus Pruni Virginianae (Syr. Prun. Virg.), Syrup of Wild Cherry, U.S.P.—Wild cherry bark (15%), in glycerin and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Vinum Pruni Virginianae (Vin. Prun. Virg.), Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Wild cherry (25%) in water, alcohol, sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Vinum Pruni Virginianae Ferratum (Vin. Prun. Virg. Ferr.), Ferrated Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F.—Tincture of ferric citrochloride (8%) in wine of wild cherry. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: Superfluous “tonic.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Pulsatilla (Pulsatil.), Pulsatilla, N.F. (Pasque Flower, Meadow Anemone).—The plant.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended as an alterative, sedative and antispasmodic. Has been used in syphilis with undoubted harmful results because of its inefficiency. Its use is fortunately decreasing.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).[Pg 175]

Tinctura Pulsatillae (Tr. Pulsatil.), Tincture of Pulsatilla, N.F.—Pulsatilla (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

PULVERES, POWDERS.—The official powders are mixtures of several substances in powdered form. For the preparations now official see under the names of the principal constituents. For Pulvis Antimonialis, see under Antimonii Oxidum; for Pulvis Antisepticus, see under Zinci Sulphas; for Pulvis Aromaticus and Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus, under Cinnamomum Saigonicum; for Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens, under Caryophyllus; Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus et Opii, under Opium; for Pulvis Effervescens Compositus, under Potassii et Sodii Tartras; for Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus, under Senna; for Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii, under Opium, and for Pulvis Talci Compositus, under Acidum Salicylicum.

Pumex (Pumex), Pumice, N.F.—Consists chiefly of complex silicates of volcanic origin.

Action and Uses: Used as an abrasive material, and in pharmacy as an absorbent.

Pyrethrum (Pyreth.), Pyrethrum, U.S.P. (Pellitory Root).

Action and Uses: Obsolete, irritant sialagogue and local irritant.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Pyrethri (Tr. Pyreth.), Tincture of Pyrethrum, U.S.P. (Tincture of Pellitory).—Pyrethrum (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

Uses: External.

Pyrogallol (Pyrogall.), Pyrogallol, U.S.P. (Pyrogallic Acid).—Trihydroxybenzene.

Light, white or nearly white, odorless, bitter laminae, fine needles or powder. Freely soluble in water (1:1.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

Action and Uses: Irritant antiseptic in chronic skin diseases. Internally highly toxic.

Dosage: 5 per cent. ointment.

Pyroxylinum (Pyroxylin.), Pyroxylin, U.S.P. (Soluble Gun Cotton).—Chiefly cellulose tetranitrate.

A yellowish-white matted mass of filaments, resembling raw cotton in appearance; very inflammable. Slowly but completely soluble in a mixture of three volumes of ether and one volume of alcohol. Also soluble in acetone and in glacial acetic acid. Practically insoluble in alcohol or water.

[Pg 176]

Action and Uses: Basis for collodions.

*Collodium (Collod.), Collodion, U.S.P.—Pyroxylin (4%) in a mixture of ether and alcohol.

Uses: Used to form a protective film and as a vehicle for external applications.

*Collodium Flexile (Collod. Flex.), Flexible Collodion, U.S.P.—A mixture of collodion (95%) with camphor (2%) and castor oil (3%).

Uses: More pliable than collodion and does not contract as much in drying.

Quassia (Quass.), Quassia, U.S.P. (Bitter Wood).

Action and Uses: Simple bitter stomachic (more disagreeable than gentian); an infusion is also used as enema in the treatment of pinworms.

Dosage: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

Extractum Quassiae (Ext. Quas.), Extract of Quassia, N.F. (Powdered Extract of Quassia).—An aqueous extract diluted with starch, 1 Gm. representing 10 Gm. of quassia.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Quassiae (Fldext. Quass.), Fluidextract of Quassia, N.F.—Quassia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Quassiae (Tr. Quas.), Tincture of Quassia, U.S.P.—Quassia (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Quercus (Querc.), Quercus, N.F. (White Oak Bark).

Action and Uses: Tannin-bearing astringent, without advantage over krameria, etc.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Quercus (Fldext. Querc.), Fluidextract of Quercus, N.F.—Quercus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Quillaja (Quillaja), Quillaja, N.F. (Soap-tree Bark).

Action and Uses: Contains saponin and has been recommended as an expectorant. Similar to, but without advantage over senega. Has been used as a detergent and as an emulsifying agent; in the latter use is objectionable.[Pg 177]

Tinctura Quillajae (Tr. Quillaj.), Tincture of Quillaja, N.F.—Quillaja (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Quinidina (Quinid.), Quinidine, N.F.—An alkaloid isomeric with quinine.

White, odorless crystals or powder, with an intense and persistent bitter taste.

Action and Uses: At one time recommended as a cheap substitute for quinine. Inferior and obsolete.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.) daily.

Syrupus Quinidinae (Syr. Quinid.), Syrup of Quinidine, N.F. (Bitterless Syrup of Quinidine).—Quinidine (3.3%) and oil of orange in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Quinina (Quin.), Quinine, U.S.P.—Obtained from cinchona bark.

White, odorless, intensely bitter powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1560), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

Action and Uses: Bitter tonic, analgesic and antipyretic; specific against malaria. Contraindicated in ear diseases. Idiosyncrasies are common.

The official quinine salts are more numerous than is necessary. Those that are starred would meet every indication.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

Oleatum Quininae (Oleat. Quin.), Oleate of Quinine, N.F.—Quinine (25%) in oleic acid.

*Quininae Bisulphas (Quin. Bisulph.), Quinine Bisulphate, U.S.P.—Quinine acid sulphate.

Transparent or whitish, odorless, very bitter crystals. Freely soluble in water (1:9) and soluble in alcohol (1:23).

Action and Uses: Similar to, and without advantage over, Quininae Dihydrochloridum.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Antiperiodica (Tr. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Tincture, N.F. (Warburg’s Tincture).—Quinine bisulphate (2%), extract of aloes (1.75%), rhubarb (0.8%), angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, gentian, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, camphor, agaric, pepper, Saigon cinnamon and [Pg 178]Jamaica ginger in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Uses: Antiquated, complex and irrational quinine mixture.

Dosage: From 4 to 15 Cc. or 1 to 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Tinctura Antiperiodica sine Aloe (Tr. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Tincture without Aloes, N.F. (Warburg’s Tincture without Aloes).—The same as the preceding (Tinctura Antiperiodica) with the omission of extract of aloes.

Uses and Dosage: See Tinctura Antiperiodica.

Quininae Dihydrochloridum (Quin. Dihydrochl.), Quinine Dihydrochloride, U.S.P.

White, odorless, very bitter powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.6), and soluble in alcohol (1:12).

Action and Uses: Used where concentrated solutions of quinine are wanted, as for subcutaneous injections, etc.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

*Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum (Quin. et Urea. Hydrochl.), Quinine and Urea Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Quinine and Urea Chloride).—A double salt of quinine and urea.

Colorless, translucent crystals or white, granular powder, odorless and having a very bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.4).

Action and Uses: Much less irritating than ordinary quinine salts and therefore suited for hypodermic injections, in malaria or as local anesthetic.

Dosage: Hypodermic, one dose daily, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). For local anesthesia (hypodermic) solution of from 0.25 to 1 per cent.; (applied to mucous membranes), solutions of from 10 to 20 per cent.

Quininae Glycerophosphas (Quin. Glycerophos.), Quinine Glycerophosphate, N.F. (Quinine Glycerinophosphate).

Fine, white, odorless crystals or powder, with a very bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Expensive and superfluous quinine salt.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Quininae Hydrobromidum (Quin. Hydrobr.), Quinine Hydrobromide, U.S.P. (Quinine Bromide).[Pg 179]

Light, white, odorless, very bitter silky needles. Soluble in water (1:40), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.9).

Action and Uses: Superfluous; see Quininae Hydrochloridum.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains, daily (U.S.P.).

*Quininae Hydrochloridum (Quin. Hydrochl.), Quinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P. (Quinine Chloride).

White, odorless, very bitter, silky needles. Soluble in water (1:18) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

Action and Uses: Has the action of other quinine salts; frequently preferred to the sulphate, because neutral and more soluble.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina (Syr. Phosphat. c. Quin. et Strych.), Syrup of Phosphates with Quinine and Strychnine, N.F. (Syrupus Hydrochlorophosphatum, N.F. III, Compound Syrup of Hydrochlorophosphates).—Quinine hydrochloride (0.44%), strychnine nitrate (0.014%), compound solution of phosphates (50%) in glycerin and syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Quininae Hypophosphis (Quin. Hypophos.), Quinine Hypophosphite, N.F.

Fine, white, odorless crystals, with a very bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Superfluous quinine salt.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.).

Quininae Salicylas (Quin. Salicyl.), Quinine Salicylate, U.S.P.

Colorless (often becoming pinkish), odorless, bitter needles. Soluble in alcohol (1:14) and in glycerin (1:13). Only slightly soluble in water.

Action and Uses: Superfluous; see Quininae Hydrochloridum. The quantity of salicylate in a dose is usually too small to be effective.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

*Quininae Sulphas (Quin. Sulph.), Quinine Sulphate, U.S.P.

White, odorless, very bitter, efflorescent crystals. Slightly soluble in water (1:725) and in alcohol (1:107).

[Pg 180]

Action and Uses: The most commonly used quinine salt but inferior to the hydrochloride, the dihydrochloride and quinine and urea hydrochloride where a soluble salt is desired, and to the alkaloid or the tannate where an insoluble one is needed.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum (Elix. Cinchon. Alk.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, N.F. III, Elixir Calisaya, Alkaloidal).—Quinine sulphate (0.2%), cinchonidine sulphate (0.1%), cinchonine sulphate (0.1%), compound tincture of cudbear and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: Imitation of cinchona, minus the tannin. No advantage over quinine.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum (Elix. Cinchon. et Hypophos.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids and Hypophosphites, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae et Hypophosphitum, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Hypophosphites).—Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids (about 85%), hypophosphorous acid and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis.—See under Calcii Lactophosphas.

Pilulae Antiperiodicae (Pil. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Pills, N.F. (Warburg’s Pills).—Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), extract of aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe (Pil. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Pills without Aloes, N.F. (Warburg’s Pills without Aloes).—Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).[Pg 181]

*Quininae Tannas (Quin. Tann.), Quinine Tannate, U.S.P.

Pale yellow, or yellowish-white, odorless and tasteless, or nearly tasteless powder. Only very slightly soluble in water. Somewhat more soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used where comparatively tasteless preparations are wanted.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.); sometimes administered with chocolate or sugar.

Trochisci Quininae Tannatis (Troch. Quin. Tan.), Troches of Quinine Tannate, N.F.—Each troche contains quinine tannate (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, oil of theobroma, cocoa, sugar and sodium benzosulphinide.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

Quininae Valeras (Quin. Valer.), Quinine Valerate, N.F.

White, lustrous crystals, with a valerian-like odor and an intensely bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Those of quinine and valerates, but disagreeable and superfluous.

Dosage: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.).

Elixir Quininae Valeratis et Strychninae (Elix. Quin. Valer. et Strych.), Elixir of Quinine Valerate and Strychnine, N.F. (Elixir Quininae Valerianatis et Strychninae, N.F. III).—Quinine valerate (1.75%), strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), compound tincture of cudbear, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

Uses: Irrational “tonic” mixture.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Renninum (Rennin.), Rennin, N.F.—Milk-curdling enzyme from the stomach of the calf.

Grayish-white or yellowish-white powder or yellowish grains or scales, with a characteristic, slightly saline taste and a peculiar odor. Slowly soluble in water and in diluted alcohol.

Action and Uses: For making wheys and junkets.

Resina (Resin.), Rosin, U.S.P. (Colophony).—The residue left after distilling the volatile oil from turpentine (the oleoresin).

Action and Uses: Used in the preparation of ointments and plasters. Rubefacient.

Ceratum Resinae (Cerat. Res.), Rosin Cerate, U.S.P. (Basilicon Ointment).—Rosin, yellow wax and lard.[Pg 182]

Ceratum Resinae Compositum (Cerat. Resin. Co.), Compound Rosin Cerate, N.F. (Deshler’s Salve).—Rosin, yellow wax, prepared suet, turpentine and linseed oil.

Emplastrum Elasticum (Emp. Elast.), Rubber Plaster, U.S.P. (Rubber Adhesive Plaster).—A mixture of rubber, resins, and waxes, with a filler of an absorbent powder.

Emplastrum Resinae (Emp. Res.), Rosin Plaster, U.S.P. (Rosin Adhesive Plaster, Adhesive Plaster).—Rosin, lead plaster and yellow wax.

RESINAE, RESINS.—Resins are the residues obtained by distilling the volatile oil from oleoresins or the precipitates obtained from solutions of resins in alcohol by the addition of water. For the official resins see under the names of the principal constituents.

*Resorcinol (Resorcin.), Resorcinol, U.S.P. (Resorcin).—Metadihydroxybenzene.

Colorless or nearly colorless crystals or powder with a faint, peculiar odor and a taste at first sweetish, afterward bitter. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and in alcohol (1:0.9).

Action and Uses: Irritant, antiseptic; used internally in gastric fermentation; externally in skin diseases.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Pasta Resorcinolis Fortis (Past. Resorcin. Fort.), Strong Resorcinol Paste, N.F. (Lassar’s Stronger Resorcinol Paste).—Resorcinol (20%), zinc oxide (20%), starch and light liquid petrolatum.

Pasta Resorcinolis Mitis (Past. Resorcin. Mit.), Mild Resorcinol Paste, N.F. (Lassar’s Mild Resorcinol Paste).—Resorcinol (10%), zinc oxide (25%), starch and liquid petrolatum.

Unguentum Resorcinolis Compositus (Ung. Resorcin. Co.), Compound Resorcinol Ointment, N.F.—Resorcinol, zinc oxide, bismuth subnitrate and rectified oil of birch tar (each 6%), in yellow wax, petrolatum, anhydrous wool fat and glycerin.

Uses: Complex antiseptic ointment.

Rhamnus Cathartica (Rhamn. Cath.), Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F. (Buckthorn Berries, Baccae Spinae Cervinae).—Ripe fruit.

Action and Uses: Superfluous hydragogue cathartic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).[Pg 183]

Fluidextractum Rhamni Catharticae (Fldext. Rham. Cathart.), Fluidextract of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F.—Rhamnus cathartica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Rhamni Catharticae (Syr. Rham. Cathart.), Syrup of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F. (Syrup of Buckthorn Berries, Syrupus Spinae Cervinae).—Fluidextract of rhamnus cathartica (20%), oil of fennel and oil of cinnamon, in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Rheum (Rheum), Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhizome and root.

Action and Uses: Efficient and pleasant laxative, its action resembling cascara. It is, however, also somewhat astringent. Used especially in the form of aromatic tincture and aromatic syrup.

The official preparations of rhubarb are needlessly numerous, those that are starred being quite sufficient. Many of the official mixtures and pills are unnecessarily complex.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

*Extractum Rhei (Ext. Rhei), Extract of Rhubarb, U.S.P. (Powdered Extract of Rhubarb).—One Gm. extract represents 2 Gm. rhubarb.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Rhei (Fldext. Rhei), Fluidextract of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhubarb (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidglyceratum Rhei (Fldglycer. Rhei), Fluidglycerate of Rhubarb, N.F.—Rhubarb (100%) in water and glycerin.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Mistura Rhei Alkalina (Mist. Rhei Alk.), Alkaline Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F. (Syrupus Rhei et Potassii Compositus, N.F. III, Neutralizing Cordial).—Fluidextract of rhubarb (1.6%), fluidextract of hydrastis (0.8%), and potassium carbonate (1.6%) with tincture of cinnamon, spirit of peppermint in syrup and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 37 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Mistura Rhei Composita (Mist. Rhei Co.), Compound Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F. (Mistura Rhei et Sodae, U.S.P. VIII, Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda).—Fluidextract of [Pg 184]rhubarb (1.5%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), sodium bicarbonate (3.5%), glycerin and spirit of peppermint in water. Absolute alcohol content about 4 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

Pilulae Rhei (Pil. Rhei), Pills of Rhubarb, N.F.—Each pill contains rhubarb (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains) with soap.

Dosage: 1 pill (N.F.).

Pilulae Rhei Compositae (Pil. Rhei Co.), Compound Pills of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Each pill contains rhubarb (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and aloes (0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) with myrrh and oil of peppermint.

Dosage: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Rhei Compositus (Pulv. Rhei Co.), Compound Powder of Rhubarb, U.S.P. (Gregory’s Powder).—Rhubarb (25%), Jamaica ginger (10%) and magnesium oxide.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Pulvis Rhei et Magnesiae Anisatus (Pulv. Rhei et Magnes. Anis.), Anisated Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia, N.F. (Compound Anise Powder).—Rhubarb (35%), anethol and heavy magnesium oxide.

Uses: Mild cathartic.

Dosage: For infants, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Rhei (Syr. Rhei), Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of rhubarb (10%), spirit of cinnamon and potassium carbonate in water and syrup.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

*Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus (Syr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P. (Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb).—Aromatic tincture of rhubarb (15%) and potassium carbonate in syrup.

Dosage: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Rhei (Tr. Rhei), Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhubarb (20%) and cardamom seed, in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Rhei Aquosa (Tr. Rhei. Aq.), Aqueous Tincture of Rhubarb, N.F.—Rhubarb (10%) and potassium carbonate in cinnamon water, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Tinctura Rhei Aromatica (Tr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P.—Rhubarb (20%), Saigon [Pg 185]cinnamon, clove and nutmeg in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Rhei Dulcis (Tr. Rhei Dulc.), Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb, N.F.—Rhubarb (10%), glycyrrhiza, anise and cardamom seed in glycerin, diluted alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Rhei et Gentianae (Tr. Rhei et Gent.), Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian, N.F.—Rhubarb (7%) and gentian (1.75%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

Uses: Stomachic and laxative.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Vinum Rhei Compositum (Vin. Rhei Co.), Compound Wine of Rhubarb, N.F. (Tinctura Rhei Vinosa, N.F. III).—Fluidextract of rhubarb (8%), fluidextract of bitter orange peel, tincture of cardamom in sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Rhus Glabra (Rhus Glab.), Rhus Glabra, N.F. (Sumac Berries).

Action and Uses: Tannin-bearing astringent; without advantage over krameria, etc.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Rhois Glabrae (Fldext. Rhois Glab.), Fluidextract of Rhus Glabra, N.F.—Rhus glabra (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Rosa, Rose (Cabbage Rose, Rosa centifolia).

Action and Uses: The preparations are used for flavoring.

*Aqua Rosae (Aq. Ros.), Rose Water, U.S.P.—A mixture of stronger rose water with distilled water.

Aqua Rosae Fortior (Aq. Ros. Fort.), Stronger Rose Water, U.S.P.—Prepared by distilling fresh cabbage roses with water.

Confectio Rosae (Confect. Ros.), Confection of Rose, N.F.—Red rose, sugar, clarified honey and stronger rose water.[Pg 186]

Unguentum Aquae Rosae (Ung. Aq. Ros.), Ointment of Rose Water, U.S.P. (Cold Cream).—Sodium borate (0.5%), spermaceti, white wax, expressed oil of almond, and stronger rose water.

Uses: Emollient.

Rosa Gallica (Rosa Gall.), Red Rose, U.S.P.—Petals.

Action and Uses: Mildly astringent but used chiefly as a flavoring agent in the confection of rose; antiquated.

Fluidextractum Rosae (Fldext. Rosae), Fluidextract of Rose, U.S.P.—Red rose (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Infusum Rosae Compositum (Inf. Ros. Co.), Compound Infusion of Rose, N.F.—Red rose (1.3%) with diluted sulphuric acid and sugar in water.

Dosage: 100 Cc. or 3 fluidounces (N.F.).

Syrupus Rosae (Syr. Ros.), Syrup of Rose, N.F.—Fluidextract of rose and diluted sulphuric acid in syrup.

Rubi Fructus (Rubi Fructus), Blackberries, N.F.

Action and Uses: Flavor.

Cordiale Rubi Fructus (Cord. Rubi Fruct.), Blackberry Cordial, N.F.—Blackberry syrup (about 75%) and diluted alcohol (about 25%), with cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Uses: Used as carminative in summer diarrhea. Not very efficient.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Syrupus Rubi Fructi (Syr. Rubi Fruct.), Syrup of Blackberry Fruit, N.F.—Juice of ripe blackberries in sugar.

Uses: Flavoring vehicle.

Rubi Idaei Fructus (Rubi Idaei Fructus), Raspberries, N.F.

Action and Uses: Flavoring.

Syrupus Rubi Idaei (Syr. Rubi Id.), Syrup of Raspberry, N.F.—Juice of ripe raspberries in sugar.

Rubus (Rubus), Rubus, N.F. (Blackberry Bark).—Bark of the rhizome.

Action and Uses: Tannin-bearing astringent without advantage over krameria, etc.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Elixir Rubi Compositum (Elix. Rubi Co.), Compound Elixir of Blackberry, N.F.—Rubus (1.6%), nutgall (1.6%), [Pg 187]Saigon cinnamon, clove, mace, ginger, syrup of blackberry and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Uses: Used in “summer complaint.”

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Rubi (Fldext. Rubi), Fluidextract of Rubus, N.F.—Rubus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Rubi (Syr. Rubi), Syrup of Rubus, N.F.—Fluidextract of rubus (25%) in syrup.

Uses: Intestinal astringent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Rumex (Rumex), Rumex, N.F. (Yellow Dock, Curled Dock).—Roots.

Action and Uses: Obsolete, unreliable and generally worthless “alterative and tonic”; mildly laxative.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Rumicis (Fldext. Rumic.), Fluidextract of Rumex, N.F.—Rumex (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Sabal (Sabal), Sabal, U.S.P. (Saw Palmetto Berries).—The partially dried ripe fruit.

Action and Uses: Widely exploited as a stimulant of the mucous membrane of the genito-urinary tract. Probably inferior to santal oil.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Sabal (Fldext. Sabal), Fluidextract of Sabal, U.S.P. (Fluidextract of Saw Palmetto).—Sabal (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Tinctura Sabal et Santali (Tr. Sabal et Santal.), Tincture of Saw Palmetto and Santal, N.F.—Sabal (20%) and sandalwood (6.5%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Saccharum (Sacch.), Sugar, U.S.P. (Sucrose).—Obtained from the sugar-cane, the sugar-beet, etc.

White, odorless crystals or powder with a sweet taste.

[Pg 188]

Action and Uses: Sweetening agent in official syrups and other preparations.

*Syrupus (Syrupus), Syrup, U.S.P. (Sirup, Simple Syrup).—Sugar (85%) in water.

*Saccharum Lactis (Sacch. Lact.), Sugar of Milk, U.S.P. (Milk Sugar, Lactose).—Obtained from the whey of cow’s milk.

White, hard, odorless crystalline masses or powder, with a faintly sweet taste.

Action and Uses: Less sweet than cane sugar and less liable to ferment; slightly laxative and diuretic; frequently used to modify cow’s milk in the feeding of infants.

SALES EFFERVESCENTES, GRANULAR EFFERVESCENT SALTS.—Effervescent salts are mixtures of active constituents with sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid. They are usually directed to be produced and dispensed in coarse granules. Their advantage over other methods of administering active ingredients is rather doubtful. For effervescent salts included in the Pharmacopeia and in the National Formulary, see under the names of the active ingredients. For Sal Carolinum Factitium and Sal Carolinum Factitium Effervescens, see under Sodii Sulphas; for Sal Kissingense Factitium and Sal Kissingense Factitium Effervescens, see under Sodii Chloridum; for Sal Vichyanum Factitium, Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens and Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens cum Lithio, see under Sodii Bicarbonas.

Salicinum (Salicin.), Salicin, U.S.P.—A glucoside obtained from certain species of willows and poplars.

White powder, odorless and having a very bitter taste.

Action and Uses: Partially decomposed in the stomach and intestines and finally oxidized in the body into salicylic acid. Less irritant to the mucous membranes than the salicylates but also less certain in its action, and has been practically superseded by the latter.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Sambucus (Sambuc.), Sambucus, N.F. (Elder Flowers).

Action and Uses: Obsolete and worthless remedy in dropsy. Large doses are said to act like a hydragogue cathartic.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).[Pg 189]

Sanguinaria (Sanguin.), Sanguinaria, U.S.P. (Blood Root).—Rhizome and roots.

Action and Uses: Irritant and narcotic; unreliable; expectorant in small doses and nauseant in large doses, which may produce serious secondary symptoms.

Dosage: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Sanguinariae (Fldext. Sanguin.), Fluidextract of Sanguinaria, N.F.—Sanguinaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (N.F.).

Syrupus Sanguinariae (Syr. Sanguinar.), Syrup of Sanguinaria, N.F. (Syrup of Bloodroot).—Sanguinaria (22.5%) and acetic acid in syrup.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

Tinctura Sanguinariae (Tr. Sanguin.), Tincture of Sanguinaria, U.S.P. (Tincture of Bloodroot).—Sanguinaria (10%) and hydrochloric acid (1%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 56 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Santalum Album (Santal. Alb.), Sandal Wood, N.F. (White Sandal Wood).—Heartwood.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of Oleum Santali, which see.

Santalum Rubrum (Santal. Rub.), Red Saunders, U.S.P.—Heartwood.

Action and Uses: Used as a coloring agent.

*Santoninum (Santonin.), Santonin, U.S.P.—Anhydride or lactone of santonic acid, obtained from Levant wormseed.

Colorless crystals or powder, becoming yellow on exposure to light, odorless and at first nearly tasteless, afterward becoming bitter.

Action and Uses: Used for its poisonous action on intestinal parasites, especially ascaris. When absorbed in sufficient amounts it produces yellow vision and epileptiform convulsions.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.) in powder or capsules.

Trochisci Santonini (Troch. Santonin.), Troches of Santonin, N.F.—Each troche contains santonin (0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain), with tragacanth, sugar, cocoa and vanillin.

Uses: Anthelmintic. Objectionable since their resemblance to candy may lead to serious poisoning.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).[Pg 190]

Trochisci Santonini Compositi (Troch. Santonin. Co.), Compound Troches of Santonin, N.F. (Troches of Santonin and Calomel).—Each troche contains santonin and mild mercurous chloride (each 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with tragacanth, sugar, cocoa and vanillin.

Uses: Anthelmintic; objectionable like Trochisci Santonini, which see above.

Dosage: 1 troche (N.F.).

*Sapo (Sapo), Soap, U.S.P. (White Castile Soap).—Soap prepared from olive oil and sodium hydroxide.

A white or whitish solid or powder, having a faint, peculiar odor and an alkaline taste.

Action and Uses: Used chiefly as a detergent and in solution as a vehicle for liniments. Also an ingredient of pills containing resinous drugs like aloes and scammony.

Emplastrum Saponis (Emp. Sapon.), Soap Plaster, N.F.—Made from soap (10%) and lead plaster (90%).

Linimentum Saponato-Camphoratum (Lin. Sapon.-Camph.), Camphorated Soap Liniment, N.F. (Opodeldoc, Solid Opodeldoc).—Camphor (2.5%), ammonia water, sodium stearate, oil of thyme, oil of rosemary, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

*Linimentum Saponis (Lin. Sapon.), Soap Liniment, U.S.P. (Liquid Opodeldoc).—Soap (6%), camphor (4.5%) in oil of rosemary, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

Uses: Mild rubefacient and vehicle for more active liniments.

*Sapo Mollis (Sapo Moll.), Soft Soap, U.S.P.—Prepared from cottonseed oil and potassium hydroxide.

A soft, unctuous, yellowish-white to brownish-yellow mass, having a slight, characteristic odor and an alkaline taste.

Action and Uses: Dissolved in diluted alcohol, is employed in the preparation of various liniments, and as a detergent.

Linimentum Saponis Mollis (Lin. Sapon. Moll.), Liniment of Soft Soap, U.S.P. (Tincture of Green Soap).—Soft soap (65%) and oil of lavender in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Linimentum Saponis Mollis Compositum (Lin. Sapon. Mol. Co.), Compound Liniment of Soft Soap, N.F. (Tinctura Saponis Viridis Composita, N.F. III).—Soft soap (15%), oil of cade (2%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.[Pg 191]

Sarsaparilla (Sarsap.), Sarsaparilla, U.S.P. (Sarsaparilla Root).

Action and Uses: Formerly used in chronic rheumatism, skin diseases and syphilis; inefficient and therefore harmful; fortunately passing out of use.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Decoctum Sarsaparillae Compositum (Decoc. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla, N.F.—Sarsaparilla (10%), guaiac wood (2%), mezereum (1%), sassafras, glycyrrhiza and water.

Uses: Antiquated and useless “alterative.”

Dosage: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae (Fldext. Sarsap.), Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.—Sarsaparilla (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae Compositum (Fldext. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.—Sarsaparilla (75%), mezereum (3%), glycyrrhiza and sassafras. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositus (Syr. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of sarsaparilla (20%), fluidextract of senna (1.5%), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza, oil of sassafras, oil of anise, methyl salicylate and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Uses: Irrational mixture; no indications for its use.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

Sassafras (Sassaf.), Sassafras, U.S.P.—Bark of the root.

Action and Uses: Mild aromatic and carminative containing a volatile oil. No advantage over other aromatics, such as peppermint, ginger, etc.

Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

Sassafras Medulla (Sassaf. Med.), Sassafras Pith, N.F.

Action and Uses: Demulcent.

Mucilago Sassafras Medullae (Mucil. Sassaf. Medul.), Mucilage of Sassafras Pith, N.F.—Sassafras pith (0.2%) in water.

Dosage: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).[Pg 192]

Scammoniae Radix (Scam. Rad.), Scammony Root, U.S.P.

Action and Uses: Used principally for preparing resin, in which its activity as a cathartic resides.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Resina Scammoniae (Res. Scamm.), Resin of Scammony, U.S.P.—The resin from scammony root.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

*Scilla (Scill.), Squill, U.S.P.—Fleshy inner scales of a bulb. The official drug is to be assayed biologically.

Action and Uses: Qualitatively like those of digitalis. Has been largely used as a nauseant and expectorant. Has no advantage over digitalis, and should pass out of use. If used, it should be standardized.

Dosage: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.) of a standardized preparation.

Acetum Scillae (Acet. Scill.), Vinegar of Squill, U.S.P.—Squill (10%) in diluted acetic acid.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Scillae (Fldext. Scill.), Fluidextract of Squill, U.S.P.—Squill (100%). Assayed biologically by producing death in the frog.

Dosage: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

Oxymel Scillae (Oxymel Scill.), Oxymel of Squill, N.F.—Vinegar of squill (50%) and clarified honey.

Uses: Antiquated and irrational preparation of squill.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Syrupus Scillae (Syr. Scill.), Syrup of Squill, U.S.P.—Vinegar of squill (45%), in sugar and water.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Scillae Compositus (Syr. Scill. Co.), Compound Syrup of Squill, U.S.P. (Hive Syrup).—Fluidextract of squill (8%), fluidextract of senega (8%) and antimony and potassium tartrate (0.2%), in water and syrup.

Uses: Complex and irrational expectorant.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

*Tinctura Scillae (Tr. Scill.), Tincture of Squill, U.S.P.—Squill (10%) in alcohol and water. Biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol content about 69 per cent.[Pg 193]

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed preparation.

Scoparius (Scopar.), Scoparius, N.F. (Broom Tops).

Action and Uses: Formerly used as diuretic, laxative and cathartic. See Sparteinae Sulphas.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Scoparii (Fldext. Scopar.), Fluidextract of Scoparius, N.F.—Scoparius (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

*Scopolaminae Hydrobromidum (Scopolamin. Hydrobrom.), Scopolamine Hydrobromide, U.S.P. (Hyoscine Hydrobromide, Scopolamine Bromide).—The hydrobromide of levorotatory scopolamine, also known as hyoscine.

Colorless, odorless, transparent crystals.

Action and Uses: Closely resembling those of atropine in its influence on the nerve endings but differing from the latter in having a sedative instead of a stimulating effect on the brain. Used as a somnifacient in motor excitement and mania; as a preliminary to anesthesia and in “twilight sleep,” and locally as a mydriatic. Uncertain in its action, at times producing acute delirium. The tendency to depress the respiratory center must be remembered.

Dosage: 0.3 Mg. or 1/200 grain (U.S.P.).

Scutellaria (Scutell.), Scutellaria, N.F. (Skullcap).—Plant.

Action and Uses: Claimed, though without reliable evidence, to be a tonic, nervine and antispasmodic, particularly useful in chorea and convulsions.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

Fluidextractum Scutellariae (Fldext. Scutellar.), Fluidextract of Scutellaria, N.F.—Scutellaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

Senecio (Senecio), Senecio, N.F. (Life Root).—Plant deprived of its root.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended, probably without warrant, as a tonic, diuretic, expectorant and diaphoretic.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).[Pg 194]

Fluidextractum Senecionis (Fldext. Senecion.), Fluidextract of Senecio, N.F.—Senecio (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Senega (Seneg.), Senega, U.S.P. (Seneca Snakeroot, Senega Snakeroot).

Action and Uses: Employed as nauseant expectorant (by virtue of the irritant saponin).

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Senegae (Fldext. Seneg.), Fluidextract of Senega, U.S.P.—Senega (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Senegae (Syr. Seneg.), Syrup of Senega, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of senega (20%) in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

*Senna (Senn.), Senna, U.S.P. (Alexandria Senna or India Senna).

Action and Uses: Efficient cathartic of anthraquinone series.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Confectio Sennae (Confect. Senn.), Confection of Senna, N.F.—Senna (10%), cassia fistula (16%), tamarind (10%), prune, fig, sugar, oil of coriander and water.

Uses: A pleasant but needlessly complex laxative.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

*Fluidextractum Sennae (Fldext. Senn.), Fluidextract of Senna, U.S.P.—Senna (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

Infusum Sennae Compositum (Inf. Senn. Co.), Compound Infusion of Senna, U.S.P.—Senna (6%), magnesium sulphate (12%), manna (12%) and fennel in water.

Dosage: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces (U.S.P.).

*Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus (Pulv. Glycyrrh. Co.), Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P. (Compound Licorice Powder).—Senna (18%), washed sulphur (8%) with glycyrrhiza, oil of fennel and sugar.

Uses: A misnamed senna preparation.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).[Pg 195]

Species Laxativae (Spec. Lax.), Laxative Species, N.F. (Species Laxantes, N.F. III, St. Germain Tea).—Senna (40%), potassium bitartrate (10%), elder flowers, fennel and anise.

Dosage: 1.3 Gm. or 20 grains (N.F.).

Syrupus Ficorum Compositus (Syr. Ficor. Co.), Compound Syrup of Figs, N.F.—Fluidextract of senna (20%), aromatic fluidglycerate of cascara sagrada (10%), with figs, oil of fennel and spirit of peppermint in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Uses: Complex and misnamed cathartic, imitating a widely advertised “patent medicine.”

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

*Syrupus Sennae (Syr. Senn.), Syrup of Senna, U.S.P.—Fluidextract of senna (25%) and oil of coriander in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

Syrupus Sennae Aromaticus (Syr. Senn. Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Senna, N.F.—Fluidextract of senna (12.5%), jalap (5%), rhubarb (1.75%), Saigon cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, oil of lemon and sugar in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Syrupus Sennae Compositus (Syr. Senn. Co.), Compound Syrup of Senna, N.F.—Fluidextract of senna (13.5%), fluidextract of rhubarb (3.5%), fluidextract of frangula (3.5%), methyl salicylate (0.4%) and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 13 per cent.

Uses: Complex and irrational cathartic.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Serpentaria (Serpent.), Serpentaria, U.S.P. (Texas Snakeroot, Virginia Snakeroot).—Rhizome and root.

Action and Uses: Bitter with no advantage over gentian; now less frequently used than formerly.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Fluidextractum Serpentariae (Fldext. Serpentar.), Fluidextract of Serpentaria, N.F.—Serpentaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.

Tinctura Serpentariae (Tr. Serpent.), Tincture of Serpentaria, N.F.—Serpentaria (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).[Pg 196]

*Serum Antidiphthericum (Ser. Antidiph.), Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P. (Diphtheria Antitoxin).—Serum from a horse properly immunized against diphtheria toxin; has a potency of not less than 250 antitoxic units per Cc.

Action and Uses: Curative and prophylactic agent in diphtheria. The possibility of serum disease must be remembered. Caution should be exercised when antidiphtheric serum is administered to persons who have had asthma, and, above all, “horse asthma.” In such cases a few drops only of the serum may be injected, followed in fifteen or thirty minutes by the full dose.

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,000 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antidiphthericum Purificatum (Ser. Antidiph. Purif.), Purified Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P. (Antidiphtheric Globulins, Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin, Diphtheric Antitoxin Globulins, Refined and Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin).—Certain antitoxic proteins from the blood serum of a horse properly immunized against diphtheria toxin, dissolved in physiologic solution of sodium chloride.

Uses: Less apt to produce serum disease.

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,000 units (U. S, P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antidiphthericum Siccum (Ser. Antidiph. Sicc.), Dried Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P. (Dried Diphtheria Antitoxin).

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,000 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antitetanicum (Ser. Antitetan.), Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P. (Tetanus Antitoxin).—Serum from a horse properly immunized against tetanus toxin, dissolved in physiologic solution of sodium chloride.

Action and Uses: Prophylactic agent in tetanus; also used for curative purposes.

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antitetanicum Purificatum (Ser. Antitetan. Purif.), Purified Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P. (Antitetanic Globulins, Concentrated Tetanus Antitoxin, Refined and Concentrated Tetanus Antitoxin, Tetanus Antitoxic Globulins).—Certain antitoxic proteins from the serum of a horse properly immunized against tetanus toxin.[Pg 197]

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

*Serum Antitetanicum Siccum (Ser. Antitetan. Sicc.), Dried Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P. (Dried Tetanus Antitoxin).

Uses: May be used as a dusting powder in suspicious wounds.

Dosage: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective, 1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

Sevum Praeparatum (Sev. Praep.), Prepared Suet, U.S.P. (Mutton Suet).

A white, solid, almost odorless fat, having a bland taste when fresh, but becoming rancid on prolonged exposure to air.

Action and Uses: Used in the preparation of ointments and cerates.

Sevum Benzoinatum (Sev. Benz.), Benzoinated Suet, N.F.—Benzoin (3%) in prepared suet.

Uses: Ointment base; superfluous.

Sinapis Alba (Sinap. Alb.), White Mustard, U.S.P. (Yellow Mustard).—Ripe seeds.

Action and Uses: Develops irritant volatile oil on contact with water; frequently mixed with black mustard in powder for use as ground mustard.

Dosage: Emetic, 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

*Sinapis Nigra (Sinap. Nig.), Black Mustard, U.S.P. (Brown Mustard).—Ripe seeds.

Action and Uses: See Oleum Sinapis Volatile.

Dosage: Emetic, 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

*Emplastrum Sinapis (Emp. Sinap.), Mustard Plaster, U.S.P. (Charta Sinapis, U.S.P. VIII, Mustard Paper).—A mixture of black mustard, deprived of its fixed oil, and a solution of rubber, spread on paper, cotton cloth or other fabric.

Uses: Counterirritant.

Soda Chlorinata, Chlorinated Soda.

Action and Uses: Hypochlorites in acid, alkaline and neutral solutions have been found useful in the treatment of infected wounds. The alkaline solution is represented by the Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae below, and by the Liquor Potassae Chlorinatae, which see under Potassa Chlorinata.

*Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae (Liq. Sod. Chlorinat.), Solution of Chlorinated Soda, U.S.P. (Labarraque’s Solution).—Chlorine [Pg 198]compounds of sodium containing not less than 2.5 per cent. available Cl.

Soda cum Calce (Sod. c. Calc.), Soda with Lime, N.F. (London Paste).—Sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide (each 50%).

Action and Uses: Caustic.

Sodii Acetas (Sod. Acet.), Sodium Acetate, U.S.P.—NaC₂H₃O₂ + 3H₂O.

Colorless crystals or granular powder, odorless or nearly odorless, and having a cooling, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.8) and soluble in alcohol (1:19).

Action and Uses: Practically identical with those of Potassii Acetas, which see.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Sodii Arsenas (Sod. Arsen.), Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P. (Arsenas Sodii, P.I.).—Na₂HAsO₄ + 7H₂O.

Colorless, odorless crystals, efflorescent in dry air, and somewhat deliquescent in moist air. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5) and slightly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Has the same general action and uses as arsenic trioxide, but is less active.

Dosage: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). Usually given in the form of solution or pill.

Sodii Arsenas Exsiccatus (Sod. Arsen. Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P.—Na₂HAsO₄.

White, odorless, amorphous powder. Freely soluble in water (1:3.1), but only slightly soluble in alcohol.

Dosage: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Arsenatis (Liq. Sod. Arsen.), Solution of Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P.—Exsiccated sodium arsenate (about 1%) in water.

Uses: No advantage over other arsenicals.

Dosage: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Arsenatis, Pearson (Liq. Sod. Arsen. Pearson), Pearson’s Solution of Sodium Arsenate, N.F. (Liquor Arsenicalis Pearsonii).—Exsiccated sodium arsenate (0.1%) in water. Should not be confounded with Liquor Sodii Arsenatis, U.S.P., which is ten times stronger.

Uses: Superfluous arsenic preparation.

Dosage: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

[Pg 199]

*Sodii Benzoas (Sod. Benz.), Sodium Benzoate, U.S.P.—Na(C₆H₅.COO).

White, odorless, sweetish powder. Freely soluble in water (1:1.8), and soluble in alcohol (1:61). Incompatible with mineral acids and ferric salts.

Action and Uses: Has the action of benzoic acid, but is less irritating. Mild antiseptic, practically non-toxic.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Sodii Benzosulphinidum (Sod. Benzosulphin.), Sodium Benzosulphinide, U.S.P. (Sodium-Saccharin, Soluble Saccharin).

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless or nearly odorless, and having an intensely sweet taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.2) and soluble in alcohol (1:50).

Action and Uses: Those of benzosulphinide (saccharin), but with the advantage of ready solubility.

Dosage: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Bicarbonas (Sod. Bicarb.), Sodium Bicarbonate, U.S.P. (Baking Soda).—NaHCO₃.

A white, odorless powder, having a cooling, mildly alkaline taste. Decomposed by acids and converted by boiling into the normal carbonate. Soluble in water (1:10) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Used as a non-caustic alkali in conditions of acidosis, and to neutralize the acid of the gastric juice in hyperacidity and gastric ulcer. May be used intravenously in cases of extreme acidosis. Externally, used as a mild alkaline wash.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). For intravenous injection a 6 per cent. solution sterilized by boiling and thus partly converted into the normal carbonate has been recommended. One thousand Cc. of such a solution may be injected, but great care must be taken that none of the liquid gets outside the veins lest necrosis of the tissues occur.

Liquor Sodae et Menthae (Liq. Sod. et Menth.), Solution of Soda and Mint, N.F. (Mistura Sodae et Menthae, N.F. III, Soda Mint).—Sodium bicarbonate (5%), aromatic spirit of ammonia (1%) and spearmint water.

Uses: Antacid and carminative.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Sal Vichyanum Factitium (Sal Vichy. Fact.), Artificial Vichy Salt, N.F.—Potassium carbonate (3.85%), magnesium sulphate (8%), sodium chloride (7.7%) and sodium bicarbonate (84.6%).

Uses: Alkaline saline cathartic.[Pg 200]

Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens (Sal Vichy. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Vichy Salt, N.F. (Pulvis Salis Vichyani Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).—Artificial vichy salt (25%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (48.5%), tartaric acid (16.45%) and citric acid (yielding sodium citrate and tartrate).

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens cum Lithio (Sal Vichy. Fact. Eff. c. Lith.), Effervescent Artificial Vichy Salt with Lithium, N.F. (Pulvis Salis Vichyani Factitii Effervescens cum Lithio, N.F. III).—Artificial vichy salt (25%), lithium citrate (8.33%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (44.14%), tartaric acid (12.54%) and citric acid (yielding sodium tartrate and citrate).

Uses: Irrational laxative mixture. The lithium serves no useful purpose.

Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).

Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis (Troch. Sod. Bicarb.), Troches of Sodium Bicarbonate, U.S.P.—Each troche contains sodium bicarbonate (0.18 Gm.) with sugar, nutmeg and mucilage of tragacanth.

*Sodii Boras (Sod. Bor.), Sodium Borate, U.S.P. (Borax, Sodium Tetraborate, Sodium Pyroborate).—Na₂B₄O₇ + 10H₂O.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a sweetish, alkaline taste. Soluble in water (1:15) and insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic detergent and alkaline. Used in the form of solution as a wash both externally and in the body cavities. Seldom used internally.

Dosage: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Boratis Compositus (Liq. Sod. Bor. Co.), Compound Solution of Sodium Borate, N.F. (Dobell’s Solution).—Sodium borate and sodium bicarbonate (each 1.5%) and liquefied phenol (0.3%) in glycerin and water.

Uses: Mild antiseptic.

Mel Rosae et Sodii Boratis (Mel Ros. et Sod. Bor.), Honey of Rose and Sodium Borate, N.F. (Honey of Rose with Borax).—Sodium borate (10%), glycerin and honey of rose.

Uses: Alkaline demulcent.

Mel Sodii Boratis (Mel Sod. Bor.), Honey of Sodium Borate, N.F. (Mel Boracis, Honey and Borax).—Sodium borate (10%) in glycerin and clarified honey.

Uses: Alkaline demulcent.[Pg 201]

Sodii Boro-Benzoas (Sod. Boro-Benz.), Sodium Boro-Benzoate, N.F.—Sodium borate (43%) and sodium benzoate (57%).

Action and Uses: Feeble alkaline antiseptic.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

*Sodii Bromidum (Sod. Brom.), Sodium Bromide, U.S.P.—NaBr.

White, odorless crystals or powder, having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:16).

Action and Uses: Used as a nerve sedative and cerebral depressant. Practically identical with potassium bromide in action and uses, but somewhat less irritating.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Sodii Bromidi (Elix. Sod. Brom.), Elixir of Sodium Bromide, N.F.—Sodium bromide (1.75%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7.5 per cent.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Sodii Cacodylas (Sod. Cacodyl.), Sodium Cacodylate, U.S.P.—Sodium dimethylarsenate.

White, odorless, deliquescent crystals or powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.5).

Action and Uses: Is slowly decomposed in the tissues into trivalent arsenic. The action is thus more gradual and less toxic than that of other arsenic compounds. Produces garlic breath. Used especially by hypodermic injection, in anemias, etc.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Carbonas Monohydratus (Sod. Carb. Monohyd.), Monohydrated Sodium Carbonate, U.S.P.—Na₂CO₃ + H₂O.

White, odorless, granular powder having a strongly alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:3) and insoluble in alcohol. Incompatible with acids and acid salts and with the salts of the heavy metals and alkaloids.

Action and Uses: Antacid and detergent; employed in medicine chiefly in the preparation of alkaline baths.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Chloridum (Sod. Chlorid.), Sodium Chloride, U.S.P.—NaCl.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless, and having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8), and only slightly soluble in alcohol.

[Pg 202]

Action and Uses: Used for preparing physiologic salt solution. Given by mouth in large doses, is emetic and in proper dilutions, laxative. Excessive use as a seasoning for foods is particularly harmful in nephritis.

Dosage: Emetic, 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Chloridi Physiologicus (Liq. Sod. Chlor. Physio.), Physiological Solution of Sodium Chloride, U.S.P. (Physiological Salt Solution, Normal Salt Solution).—Sodium chloride (0.85%) in water.

Uses: An indifferent vehicle, used especially for intravenous injections.

Sal Kissingense Factitium (Sal Kissingen. Fact.), Artificial Kissingen Salt, N.F.—Potassium chloride (2.8%), sodium chloride (59.4%), magnesium sulphate (20%), sodium bicarbonate (17.8%).

Uses: Alkaline saline cathartic.

Sal Kissingense Factitium Effervescens (Sal Kissingen. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Kissingen Salt, N.F. (Pulvis Salis Kissingensis Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).—Artificial Kissingen salt (40%), sodium bicarbonate (40.6%), tartaric acid (9.4%) and citric acid (yielding sodium tartrate and citrate).

Dosage: 5.5 Gm. or 80 grains (N.F.).

Sodii Citras (Sod. Cit.), Sodium Citrate, U.S.P.—The hydrated salt.

White, odorless granular powder or small crystals, having a cooling saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.3); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Similar to those of potassium citrate.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

Liquor Sodii Citratis (Liq. Sod. Cit.), Solution of Sodium Citrate, N.F. (Mistura Sodii Citratis, Potio Rivierii).—Sodium citrate (3.5%) in water.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Liquor Sodii Citro-Tartratis Effervescens (Liq. Sod. Citro-Tart. Eff.), Effervescent Solution of Sodium Citro-Tartrate, N.F.—Sodium tartrate (about 8%) with syrup of citric acid (about 12%) and water.

Dosage: The contents of one bottle, about 350 Cc. or nearly 12 fluidounces (N.F.).

Sodii Cyanidum (Sod. Cyanid.), Sodium Cyanide, U.S.P.—NaCN.[Pg 203]

White masses or powder, odorless when perfectly dry; deliquescent in the air and exhaling the odor of hydrocyanic acid. Freely soluble in cold water.

Action and Uses: Sodium cyanide replaces potassium cyanide, U.S.P. VIII. The alkaline cyanides are rarely administered internally, but their use in solution has been suggested as a substitute for diluted hydrocyanic acid.

Sodii Glycerophosphas (Sod. Glycerophos.), Sodium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P. (Sodium Glycerinophosphate).—Hydrated sodium glycerophosphate. Represents not less than 68 per cent. of the anhydrous salt.

White, odorless plates, scales or powder, having a saline taste. Very soluble in hot or cold water and nearly insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Has been recommended in solutions as a nerve tonic in all kinds of wasting and nervous diseases. The weight of evidence indicates that the glycerophosphates are not superior to ordinary phosphates and that the claims for them as nerve tonics are, therefore, unfounded.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Glycerophosphatum Compositum (Elix. Glycerophos. Co.), Compound Elixir of Glycerophosphates, N.F. (Compound Solution of Glycerophosphates).—Solution of sodium glycerophosphate (4%), calcium glycerophosphate (1.6%), ferric glycerophosphate (0.3%), soluble manganese glycerophosphate (0.2%), quinine glycerophosphate (0.1%), strychnine glycerophosphate (0.015%), lactic acid (1%) and compound spirit of cardamom, in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

Uses: A highly complex and therefore irrational preparation of the inactive glycerophosphates.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

Liquor Sodii Glycerophosphatis (Liq. Sod. Glycerophos.). Solution of Sodium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P.—Anhydrous sodium glycerophosphate (not less than 50%) in water.

Dosage: 0.35 Cc. or 6 minims (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Hydroxidum (Sod. Hydrox.), Sodium Hydroxide, U.S.P. (Caustic Soda, Sodium Hydrate).—NaOH (not less than 90%).

White, odorless masses or hard, brittle sticks. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and very soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Practically identical with those of potassium hydroxide.[Pg 204]

*Liquor Sodii Hydroxidi (Liq. Sod. Hydrox.), Solution of Sodium Hydroxide, U.S.P. (Liquor Sodae, Solution of Soda).—NaOH (about 5%) in water.

Dosage: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

Sodii Hypophosphis (Sod. Hypophos.), Sodium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.—NaH₂PO₂ + H₂O.

Colorless plates or white powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: The hypophosphites have been prescribed as “tonics,” but all reliable evidence indicates that they are inert.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Sodii Hypophosphitis (Elix. Sod. Hypophos.), Elixir of Sodium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Sodium hypophosphite (3.5%), hypophosphorous acid (0.4%), and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

Uses: Objectionable alcoholic preparation of an inactive drug.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Syrupus Sodii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Sod. Hypophos.), Syrup of Sodium Hypophosphite, N.F.—Sodium hypophosphite (3.5%), and hypophosphorous acid (0.2%) in syrup.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Sodii Indigotindisulphonas (Sod. Indigotin.), Sodium Indigotindisulphonate, U.S.P. (Indigo Carmine).

Blue powder or dark purple paste. Sparingly soluble in water and almost insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Coloring agent.

*Sodii Iodidum (Sod. Iod.), Sodium Iodide, U.S.P.—NaI.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.55) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2).

Action and Uses: Practically identical with those of potassium iodide, but less disagreeable in taste; perhaps somewhat less irritating locally.

Dosage: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Nitris (Sod. Nitris), Sodium Nitrite, U.S.P.—NaNO₂.

Colorless crystals or white or nearly white masses, sticks or powder, odorless and having a mild saline taste. Deliquescent on exposure to air, being gradually converted into sodium nitrate. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5), but only sparingly soluble in alcohol.

[Pg 205]

Action and Uses: Vasodilator, similar to nitroglycerin. The action is probably somewhat slower and more prolonged.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

Sodii Perboras (Sod. Perbor.), Sodium Perborate, U.S.P.—NaBO₃ + 4H₂O (about 86.5%). Should contain not less than 9 per cent. of available oxygen.

White, odorless granules or powder, having a saline taste. Soluble in water.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic, deodorant and bactericide; in general, similar to hydrogen peroxide.

Dosage: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.); may be applied as a dusting powder or in a 2 per cent. solution.

Sodii Phenolsulphonas (Sod. Phenolsulph.), Sodium Phenolsulphonate, U.S.P. (Sodium Sulphocarbolate).—The hydrated salt.

Colorless, odorless, somewhat efflorescent crystals or granules, having a cooling, saline bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:4.2), and only slightly soluble in alcohol (1:140).

Action and Uses: Phenolsulphonates were introduced with the idea that they would be antiseptic like phenol, but less toxic. Actually, they are practically inert.

Dosage: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Phosphas (Sod. Phos.), Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.—Na₂HPO₄ + 12H₂O, representing about 41.5 per cent. of the anhydrous salt.

Colorless, odorless, efflorescent crystals or powder, having a cooling, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.7); insoluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Saline cathartic, similar to magnesium and sodium sulphate. The taste is less disagreeable.

Dosage: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

Sodii Phosphas Exsiccatus (Sod. Phos. Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.—Na₂HPO₄.

White powder which absorbs moisture readily. Freely soluble in water (1:8.1), but insoluble in alcohol.

Dosage: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

Liquor Sodii Phosphatis Compositus (Liq. Sod. Phos. Co.), Compound Solution of Sodium Phosphate, N.F.—Sodium phosphate (100%) and citric acid in glycerin and water.

Uses: Laxative.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).[Pg 206]

*Sodii Phosphas Effervescens (Sod. Phos. Eff.), Effervescent Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.—Exsiccated sodium phosphate (20%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (47.7%), tartaric acid (25.2%) and citric acid, the last three yielding sodium citrate and sodium tartrate.

Dosage: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Salicylas (Sod. Salicyl.), Sodium Salicylate, U.S.P.—C₆H₄(OH) (COONa).

White or nearly white, odorless or nearly odorless powder having a sweet, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:9.2). Incompatible with acids, with acid salts and with solutions of many of the alkaloids, particularly quinine, which precipitates as the salicylate.

Action and Uses: The salt usually employed to secure the constitutional action of salicylic acid.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

Elixir Sodii Salicylatis (Elix. Sod. Salicyl.), Elixir of Sodium Salicylate, N.F.—Sodium salicylate (8.5%), syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Elixir Sodii Salicylatis Compositum (Elix. Sod. Salicyl. Co.), Compound Elixir of Sodium Salicylate, N.F.—Sodium salicylate (8%), fluidextract of cimifuga (3.2%), fluidextract of gelsemium (1.6%) and potassium iodide (1.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

Uses: An irrational rheumatism mixture, constituting an invitation to haphazard use.

Dosage: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

Liquor Ferri Salicylatis (Liq. Ferr. Salicyl.), Solution of Ferric Salicylate, N.F. (Salicylated Mixture of Iron).—Solution containing ferric salicylate with a large excess of sodium salicylate [obtained by the interaction of sodium salicylate (12.5%) and tincture of ferric citrochloride (12.5%)], and ammonium citrate, methyl salicylate, glycerin and water.

Uses: “Rheumatism remedy.” Ferric salicylate has no special advantage over the sodium salt.

Dosage: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

*Sodii Sulphas (Sod. Sulph.), Sodium Sulphate, U.S.P. (Glauber’s Salt).—Na₂SO₄ + 10H₂O.

Colorless, odorless, efflorescent crystals, having a bitter, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), but insoluble in alcohol.

[Pg 207]

Action and Uses: Saline cathartic, more disagreeable but less active than magnesium sulphate, over which it has no material advantage.

Dosage: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).

Sal Carolinum Factitium (Sal Carol. Fact.), Artificial Carlsbad Salt, N.F.—This is available in two forms, the dry amorphous form and the crystalline form, the latter representing about 80 per cent. of water of crystallization. The dry amorphous form represents potassium sulphate (2%), sodium chloride (18%), sodium bicarbonate (36%) and hydrated sodium sulphate (100%).

Uses: Alkaline cathartic.

Sal Carolinum Factitium Effervescens (Sal Carol. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Carlsbad Salt, N.F. (Pulvis Salis Carolini Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).—Artificial Carlsbad salt (26.6%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (40%), tartaric acid (15.7%) and citric acid, the last three yielding sodium citrate and sodium tartrate.

Action and Uses: Cathartic. Its high sodium citrate and tartrate content should be borne in mind.

Dosage: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).

*Sodii Sulphis Exsiccatus (Sod. Sulphis Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Sulphite, U.S.P.—Na₂SO₃ (not less than 90%).

White, odorless powder, having a cooling, saline sulphurous taste. Freely soluble in water (1:3.2), but only sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Action and Uses: Antiseptic; principally used externally as a wash.

Dosage: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

*Sodii Thiosulphas (Sod. Thiosulph.), Sodium Thiosulphate, U.S.P. (“Sodium Hyposulphite”).—Na₂S₂O₃ + 5H₂O.