The Project Gutenberg eBook, Some Poems by Sir Walter Scott, by Walter Scott, Edited by Henry Morley This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: Some Poems by Sir Walter Scott Author: Walter Scott Editor: Henry Morley Release Date: May 31, 2020 [eBook #6061] [This file was first released 30 October 2002] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME POEMS BY SIR WALTER SCOTT***
This eBook was produced by Les Bowler.
PAGES |
|
Introduction by Henry Morley |
ix–xii |
The Vision of Don Roderick |
133–167 |
The Field of Waterloo |
168–183 |
The Dance of Death |
184–188 |
Romance of Dunois |
189–190 |
The Troubadour |
190–191 |
Pibroch of Donald Dhu |
191–192 |
“Quid dignum memorare tuis, Hispania, terris,
Vox humana valet!”—Claudian.
Since there is room in this volume for more verses than Colonel Hay’s [9], I have added to them a few poems by Sir Walter Scott; the first written in 1811 at the time of the struggle with Napoleon in the Peninsula, the second in 1815, after Waterloo. Thus there is over all this volume a thin haze of battle through which we see only the finer feelings and the nobler hopes of man. The day is to come when war shall be no more, but wars have been and may again be necessary to bring on that day; p. xand it is of such war, not untinged with the light of heaven, that we have passing shadows in this little book.
“The Vision of Don Roderick; a Poem, by Walter Scott, Esq.,” was printed at Edinburgh by James Ballantyne & Co. in 1811. They are the present representatives of that firm by whom it is here reprinted. It was originally inscribed “to John Whitmore, Esq., and to the Committee of Subscribers for relief of the Portuguese Sufferers, in which he presides,” as a “poem composed for the benefit of the Fund under their management.”
The Legend of Don Roderick will be given in the next volume of our “Companion Poets,” for Robert Southey founded upon it a Romantic Tale in Verse, which is one of the best tales of the kind in the English language. Southey’s tale of Roderick himself was written at the same time when Walter Savage Landor was writing a play upon the subject, and Scott was, in the piece here reprinted, making it the starting-point of a vision of the war in the Peninsula. The fatal palace of Don Roderick may have been a fable connected with the ruins of a Roman amphitheatre. The fable, as translated by Scott from a Spanish History of King Roderick, was this:—
“One mile on the east side of the city of Toledo, among some rocks, was situated an ancient Tower of magnificent structure, though much dilapidated by time, which consumes all: four estadoes (i.e., four times a man’s height) below it, there was a Cave with a very narrow entrance, and a gate cut out of the solid rock, lined with a strong covering of iron, and fastened with many locks; above the gate some Greek letters are engraved, which, although abbreviated, and of doubtful meaning, were thus interpreted, according to the exposition of learned men:—The King who opens this cave and discovers the wonders will discover both good and evil things. Many kings desired to know the mystery of this Tower, and sought to find out the p. ximanner with much care; but when they opened the gate, such a tremendous noise arose in the Cave that it appeared as if the earth was bursting; many of those present sickened with fear, and others lost their lives. In order to prevent such great perils (as they supposed a dangerous enchantment was contained within), they secured the gate with new locks, concluding, that though a king was destined to open it, the fated time was not yet arrived. At last King Don Rodrigo, led on by his evil fortune and unlucky destiny, opened the Tower; and some bold attendants whom he had brought with him entered, although agitated with fear. Having proceeded a good way, they fled back to the entrance, terrified with a frightful vision which they had beheld. The King was greatly moved, and ordered many torches, so contrived that the tempest in the cave could not extinguish them, to be lighted. Then the King entered, not without fear, before all the others. He discovered, by degrees, a splendid hall, apparently built in a very sumptuous manner; in the middle stood a Bronze Statue of very ferocious appearance, which held a battle-axe in its hands. With this he struck the floor violently, giving it such heavy blows that the noise in the Cave was occasioned by the motion of the air. The King, greatly affrighted and astonished, began to conjure this terrible vision, promising that he would return without doing any injury in the Cave, after he had obtained sight of what was contained in it. The Statue ceased to strike the floor, and the King, with his followers, somewhat assured, and recovering their courage, proceeded into the hall; and on the left of the Statue they found this inscription on the wall: Unfortunate King, thou hast entered here in an evil hour. On the right side of the wall the words were inscribed: By strange Nations thou shalt be dispossessed, and thy subjects foully degraded. On the shoulders of the Statue other words were written, which said, I call upon p. xiithe Arabs. And upon his heart was written, I do my office. At the entrance of the hall there was placed a round bowl, from which a great noise, like the fall of waters, proceeded. They found no other thing in the hall,—and when the King, sorrowful and greatly affected, had scarcely turned about to leave the Cavern, the Statue again commenced its accustomed blows upon the floor. After they had mutually promised to conceal what they had seen, they again closed the Tower, and blocked up the gate of the Cavern with earth, that no memory might remain in the world of such a portentous and evil-boding prodigy. The ensuing midnight, they heard great cries and clamour from the Cave, resounding like the noise of Battle, and the ground shaking with a tremendous roar; the whole edifice of the old Tower fell to the ground, by which they were greatly affrighted, the Vision which they had beheld appearing to them as a dream.”
Scott’s poem on the Field of Waterloo was written to assist the Waterloo subscription.
H. M.
The following Poem is founded upon a Spanish Tradition, bearing, in general, that Don Roderick, the last Gothic King of Spain, when the invasion of the Moors was depending, had the temerity to descend into an ancient vault, near Toledo, the opening of which had been denounced as fatal to the Spanish Monarchy. The legend adds, that his rash curiosity was mortified by an emblematical representation of those Saracens who, in the year 714, defeated him in battle, and reduced Spain under their dominion. I have presumed to prolong the Vision of the Revolutions of Spain down to the present eventful crisis of the Peninsula, and to divide it, by a supposed change of scene, into, Three Periods. The First of these represents the Invasion of the Moors, the Defeat and Death of Roderick, and closes with the peaceful occupation of the country by the victors. The Second Period embraces the state of the Peninsula when the conquests of the Spaniards and Portuguese in the East and West Indies had raised to the highest pitch the renown of their arms; sullied, however, by superstition and cruelty. An allusion to the p. 134inhumanities of the Inquisition terminates this picture. The Last Part of the Poem opens with the state of Spain previous to the unparalleled treachery of Buonaparte, gives a sketch of the usurpation attempted upon that unsuspicious and friendly kingdom, and terminates with the arrival of the British succours. It may be further proper to mention, that the object of the Poem is less to commemorate or detail particular incidents, than to exhibit a general and impressive picture of the several periods brought upon the stage.
Edinburgh, June 24, 1811.
I.
Lives there a strain, whose sounds of
mounting fire
May rise distinguished o’er
the din of war;
Or died it with yon Master of the Lyre
Who sung beleaguered Ilion’s
evil star?
Such, Wellington, might
reach thee from afar,
Wafting its descant wide
o’er Ocean’s range;
Nor shouts, nor clashing arms, its mood could
mar,
All, as it swelled ’twixt
each loud trumpet-change,
That clangs to Britain victory, to Portugal revenge!
II.
Yes! such a strain, with all
o’er-pouring measure,
Might melodise with each
tumultuous sound
Each voice of fear or triumph, woe or pleasure,
That rings Mondego’s ravaged
shores around;
The thundering cry of hosts with conquest
crowned,
The female shriek, the ruined
peasant’s moan,
The shout of captives from their chains unbound,
The foiled oppressor’s deep
and sullen groan,
A Nation’s choral hymn, for tyranny o’erthrown.
But we, weak minstrels of a
laggard day
Skilled but to imitate an elder
page,
Timid and raptureless, can we repay
The debt thou claim’st in
this exhausted age?
Thou givest our lyres a theme, that might engage
Those that could send thy name
o’er sea and land,
While sea and land shall last; for Homer’s
rage
A theme; a theme for
Milton’s mighty hand—
How much unmeet for us, a faint degenerate band!
IV.
Ye mountains stern! within
whose rugged breast
The friends of Scottish freedom
found repose;
Ye torrents! whose hoarse sounds have soothed their
rest,
Returning from the field of
vanquished foes;
Say, have ye lost each wild majestic close
That erst the choir of Bards or
Druids flung,
What time their hymn of victory arose,
And Cattraeth’s glens with
voice of triumph rung,
And mystic Merlin harped, and grey-haired Llywarch sung?
V.
Oh! if your wilds such
minstrelsy retain,
As sure your changeful gales seem
oft to say,
When sweeping wild and sinking soft again,
Like trumpet-jubilee, or
harp’s wild sway;
If ye can echo such triumphant lay,
Then lend the note to him has
loved you long!
Who pious gathered each tradition grey
That floats your solitary wastes
along,
And with affection vain gave them new voice in song.
For not till now, how oft
soe’er the task
Of truant verse hath lightened
graver care,
From Muse or Sylvan was he wont to ask,
In phrase poetic, inspiration
fair;
Careless he gave his numbers to the air,
They came unsought for, if
applauses came:
Nor for himself prefers he now the prayer;
Let but his verse befit a
hero’s fame,
Immortal be the verse!—forgot the poet’s name!
VII.
Hark, from yon misty cairn
their answer tost:
“Minstrel! the fame of whose
romantic lyre,
Capricious-swelling now, may soon be lost,
Like the light flickering of a
cottage fire;
If to such task presumptuous thou aspire,
Seek not from us the meed to
warrior due:
Age after age has gathered son to sire
Since our grey cliffs the din of
conflict knew,
Or, pealing through our vales, victorious bugles blew.
VIII.
“Decayed our old
traditionary lore,
Save where the lingering fays
renew their ring,
By milkmaid seen beneath the hawthorn hoar,
Or round the marge of
Minchmore’s haunted spring;
Save where their legends grey-haired shepherds
sing,
That now scarce win a listening
ear but thine,
Of feuds obscure, and Border ravaging,
And rugged deeds recount in rugged
line,
Of moonlight foray made on Teviot, Tweed, or Tyne.
“No! search romantic
lands, where the near Sun
Gives with unstinted boon ethereal
flame,
Where the rude villager, his labour done,
In verse spontaneous chants some
favoured name,
Whether Olalia’s charms his tribute claim,
Her eye of diamond, and her locks
of jet;
Or whether, kindling at the deeds of Græme,
He sing, to wild Morisco measure
set,
Old Albin’s red claymore, green Erin’s bayonet!
X.
“Explore those regions,
where the flinty crest
Of wild Nevada ever gleams with
snows,
Where in the proud Alhambra’s ruined breast
Barbaric monuments of pomp
repose;
Or where the banners of more ruthless foes
Than the fierce Moor, float
o’er Toledo’s fane,
From whose tall towers even now the patriot
throws
An anxious glance, to spy upon the
plain
The blended ranks of England, Portugal, and Spain.
XI.
“There, of Numantian
fire a swarthy spark
Still lightens in the sunburnt
native’s eye;
The stately port, slow step, and visage dark,
Still mark enduring pride and
constancy.
And, if the glow of feudal chivalry
Beam not, as once, thy
nobles’ dearest pride,
Iberia! oft thy crestless peasantry
Have seen the plumed Hidalgo quit
their side,
Have seen, yet dauntless stood—’gainst fortune fought
and died.
“And cherished still by
that unchanging race,
Are themes for minstrelsy more
high than thine;
Of strange tradition many a mystic trace,
Legend and vision, prophecy and
sign;
Where wonders wild of Arabesque combine
With Gothic imagery of darker
shade,
Forming a model meet for minstrel line.
Go, seek such
theme!”—the Mountain Spirit said.
With filial awe I heard—I heard, and I obeyed.
I.
Rearing their crests amid the cloudless
skies,
And darkly clustering in the pale
moonlight,
Toledo’s holy towers and spires arise,
As from a trembling lake of silver
white.
Their mingled shadows intercept the sight
Of the broad burial-ground
outstretched below,
And nought disturbs the silence of the night;
All sleeps in sullen shade, or
silver glow,
All save the heavy swell of Teio’s ceaseless flow.
II.
All save the rushing swell of
Teio’s tide,
Or, distant heard, a
courser’s neigh or tramp;
Their changing rounds as watchful horsemen ride,
To guard the limits of King
Roderick’s camp.
For through the river’s night-fog rolling
damp
Was many a proud pavilion dimly
seen,
Which glimmered back, against the moon’s fair
lamp,
Tissues of silk and silver twisted
sheen,
And standards proudly pitched, and warders armed between.
III.
But of their Monarch’s
person keeping ward,
Since last the deep-mouthed bell
of vespers tolled,
The chosen soldiers of the royal guard
The post beneath the proud
Cathedral hold:
p.
141A band unlike their Gothic sires of old,
Who, for the cap of steel and iron
mace,
Bear slender darts, and casques bedecked with
gold,
While silver-studded belts their
shoulders grace,
Where ivory quivers ring in the broad falchion’s place.
IV.
In the light language of an
idle court,
They murmured at their
master’s long delay,
And held his lengthened orisons in sport:—
“What! will Don Roderick
here till morning stay,
To wear in shrift and prayer the night away?
And are his hours in such dull
penance past,
For fair Florinda’s plundered charms to
pay?”
Then to the east their weary eyes
they cast,
And wished the lingering dawn would glimmer forth at last.
V.
But, far within,
Toledo’s Prelate lent
An ear of fearful wonder to the
King;
The silver lamp a fitful lustre sent,
So long that sad confession
witnessing:
For Roderick told of many a hidden thing,
Such as are lothly uttered to the
air,
When Fear, Remorse, and Shame the bosom wring,
And Guilt his secret burden cannot
bear,
And Conscience seeks in speech a respite from Despair.
VI.
Full on the Prelate’s
face, and silver hair,
The stream of failing light was
feebly rolled:
But Roderick’s visage, though his head was
bare,
Was shadowed by his hand and
mantle’s fold.
p.
142While of his hidden soul the sins he told,
Proud Alaric’s descendant
could not brook,
That mortal man his bearing should behold,
Or boast that he had seen, when
Conscience shook,
Fear tame a monarch’s brow, Remorse a warrior’s
look.
VII.
The old man’s faded
cheek waxed yet more pale,
As many a secret sad the King
bewrayed;
As sign and glance eked out the unfinished tale,
When in the midst his faltering
whisper stayed.
“Thus royal Witiza was slain,”—he
said;
“Yet, holy Father, deem not
it was I.”
Thus still Ambition strives her crimes to
shade.—
“Oh, rather deem ’twas
stern necessity!
Self-preservation bade, and I must kill or die.
VIII.
“And if
Florinda’s shrieks alarmed the air,
If she invoked her absent sire in
vain,
And on her knees implored that I would spare,
Yet, reverend Priest, thy sentence
rash refrain!
All is not as it seems—the female train
Know by their bearing to disguise
their mood:”
But Conscience here, as if in high disdain,
Sent to the Monarch’s cheek
the burning blood—
He stayed his speech abrupt—and up the Prelate stood.
IX.
“O hardened offspring
of an iron race!
What of thy crimes, Don Roderick,
shall I say?
What alms, or prayers, or penance can efface
Murder’s dark spot, wash
treason’s stain away!
p.
143For the foul ravisher how shall I pray,
Who, scarce repentant, makes his
crime his boast?
How hope Almighty vengeance shall delay,
Unless, in mercy to yon Christian
host,
He spare the shepherd, lest the guiltless sheep be
lost?”
X.
Then kindled the dark tyrant
in his mood,
And to his brow returned its
dauntless gloom;
“And welcome then,” he cried, “be
blood for blood,
For treason treachery, for
dishonour doom!
Yet will I know whence come they, or by whom.
Show, for thou canst—give
forth the fated key,
And guide me, Priest, to that mysterious room,
Where, if aught true in old
tradition be,
His nation’s future fates a Spanish King shall
see.”
XI.
“Ill-fated Prince!
recall the desperate word,
Or pause ere yet the omen thou
obey!
Bethink, yon spell-bound portal would afford
Never to former Monarch
entrance-way;
Nor shall it ever ope, old records say,
Save to a King, the last of all
his line,
What time his empire totters to decay,
And treason digs, beneath, her
fatal mine,
And, high above, impends avenging wrath divine.”—
XII.
“Prelate! a
Monarch’s fate brooks no delay;
Lead on!”—The
ponderous key the old man took,
And held the winking lamp, and led the way,
By winding stair, dark aisle, and
secret nook,
p.
144Then on an ancient gateway bent his look;
And, as the key the desperate King
essayed,
Low muttered thunders the Cathedral shook,
And twice he stopped, and twice
new effort made,
Till the huge bolts rolled back, and the loud hinges brayed.
XIII.
Long, large, and lofty was
that vaulted hall;
Roof, walls, and floor were all of
marble stone,
Of polished marble, black as funeral pall,
Carved o’er with signs and
characters unknown.
A paly light, as of the dawning, shone
Through the sad bounds, but whence
they could not spy;
For window to the upper air was none;
Yet, by that light, Don Roderick
could descry
Wonders that ne’er till then were seen by mortal eye.
XIV.
Grim sentinels, against the
upper wall,
Of molten bronze, two Statues held
their place;
Massive their naked limbs, their stature tall,
Their frowning foreheads golden
circles grace.
Moulded they seemed for kings of giant race,
That lived and sinned before the
avenging flood;
This grasped a scythe, that rested on a mace;
This spread his wings for flight,
that pondering stood,
Each stubborn seemed and stern, immutable of mood.
XV.
Fixed was the right-hand
Giant’s brazen look
Upon his brother’s glass of
shifting sand,
As if its ebb he measured by a book,
Whose iron volume loaded his huge
hand;
p.
145In which was wrote of many a fallen land
Of empires lost, and kings to
exile driven:
And o’er that pair their names in scroll
expand—
“Lo, Destiny and Time!
to whom by Heaven
The guidance of the earth is for a season
given.”—
XVI.
Even while they read, the
sand-glass wastes away;
And, as the last and lagging
grains did creep,
That right-hand Giant ’gan his club upsway,
As one that startles from a heavy
sleep.
Full on the upper wall the mace’s sweep
At once descended with the force
of thunder,
And hurtling down at once, in crumbled heap,
The marble boundary was rent
asunder,
And gave to Roderick’s view new sights of fear and
wonder.
XVII.
For they might spy, beyond
that mighty breach,
Realms as of Spain in visioned
prospect laid,
Castles and towers, in due proportion each,
As by some skilful artist’s
hand portrayed:
Here, crossed by many a wild Sierra’s
shade,
And boundless plains that tire the
traveller’s eye;
There, rich with vineyard and with olive glade,
Or deep-embrowned by forests huge
and high,
Or washed by mighty streams, that slowly murmured by.
XVIII.
And here, as erst upon the
antique stage
Passed forth the band of masquers
trimly led,
In various forms, and various equipage,
While fitting strains the
hearer’s fancy fed;
p.
146So, to sad Roderick’s eye in order spread,
Successive pageants filled that
mystic scene,
Showing the fate of battles ere they bled,
And issue of events that had not
been;
And, ever and anon, strange sounds were heard between.
XIX.
First shrilled an unrepeated
female shriek!—
It seemed as if Don Roderick knew
the call,
For the bold blood was blanching in his
cheek.—
Then answered kettle-drum and
attabal,
Gong-peal and cymbal-clank the ear appal,
The Tecbir war-cry, and the
Lelie’s yell,
Ring wildly dissonant along the hall.
Needs not to Roderick their dread
import tell—
“The Moor!” he cried, “the Moor!—ring out
the Tocsin bell!
XX.
“They come! they
come! I see the groaning lands
White with the turbans of each
Arab horde;
Swart Zaarah joins her misbelieving bands,
Alla and Mahomet their
battle-word,
The choice they yield, the Koran or the
Sword—
See how the Christians rush to
arms amain!—
In yonder shout the voice of conflict roared,
The shadowy hosts are closing on
the plain—
Now, God and Saint Iago strike, for the good cause of Spain!
XXI.
“By Heaven, the Moors
prevail! the Christians yield!
Their coward leader gives for
flight the sign!
The sceptred craven mounts to quit the
field—
Is not yon steed
Orelio?—Yes, ’tis mine!
p.
147But never was she turned from battle-line:
Lo! where the recreant spurs
o’er stock and stone!—
Curses pursue the slave, and wrath divine!
Rivers ingulph
him!”—“Hush,” in shuddering tone,
The Prelate said; “rash Prince, yon visioned form’s
thine own.”
XXII.
Just then, a torrent crossed
the flier’s course;
The dangerous ford the Kingly
Likeness tried;
But the deep eddies whelmed both man and horse,
Swept like benighted peasant down
the tide;
And the proud Moslemah spread far and wide,
As numerous as their native locust
band;
Berber and Ismael’s sons the spoils divide,
With naked scimitars mete out the
land,
And for the bondsmen base the free-born natives brand.
XXIII.
Then rose the grated Harem,
to enclose
The loveliest maidens of the
Christian line;
Then, menials, to their misbelieving foes,
Castile’s young nobles held
forbidden wine;
Then, too, the holy Cross, salvation’s
sign,
By impious hands was from the
altar thrown,
And the deep aisles of the polluted shrine
Echoed, for holy hymn and
organ-tone,
The Santon’s frantic dance, the Fakir’s gibbering
moan.
XXIV.
How fares Don
Roderick?—E’en as one who spies
Flames dart their glare o’er
midnight’s sable woof,
And hears around his children’s piercing
cries,
And sees the pale assistants stand
aloof;
p.
148While cruel Conscience brings him bitter proof,
His folly, or his crime, have
caused his grief;
And while above him nods the crumbling roof,
He curses earth and
Heaven—himself in chief—
Desperate of earthly aid, despairing Heaven’s relief!
XXV.
That scythe-armed Giant
turned his fatal glass
And twilight on the landscape
closed her wings;
Far to Asturian hills the war-sounds pass,
And in their stead rebeck or
timbrel rings;
And to the sound the bell-decked dancer springs,
Bazars resound as when their marts
are met,
In tourney light the Moor his jerrid flings,
And on the land as evening seemed
to set,
The Imaum’s chant was heard from mosque or minaret.
XXVI.
So passed that pageant.
Ere another came,
The visionary scene was wrapped in
smoke
Whose sulph’rous wreaths were crossed by
sheets of flame;
With every flash a bolt explosive
broke,
Till Roderick deemed the fiends had burst their
yoke,
And waved ’gainst heaven the
infernal gonfalone!
For War a new and dreadful language spoke,
Never by ancient warrior heard or
known;
Lightning and smoke her breath, and thunder was her tone.
XXVII.
From the dim landscape rolled
the clouds away—
The Christians have regained their
heritage;
Before the Cross has waned the Crescent’s
ray,
And many a monastery decks the
stage,
p.
149And lofty church, and low-browed hermitage.
The land obeys a Hermit and a
Knight,—
The Genii those of Spain for many an age;
This clad in sackcloth, that in
armour bright,
And that was Valour named, this Bigotry was hight.
XXVIII.
Valour was harnessed like a chief of old,
Armed at all points, and prompt
for knightly gest;
His sword was tempered in the Ebro cold,
Morena’s eagle plume adorned
his crest,
The spoils of Afric’s lion bound his
breast.
Fierce he stepped forward and
flung down his gage;
As if of mortal kind to brave the best.
Him followed his Companion, dark
and sage,
As he, my Master, sung the dangerous Archimage.
XXIX.
Haughty of heart and brow the
Warrior came,
In look and language proud as
proud might be,
Vaunting his lordship, lineage, fights, and fame:
Yet was that barefoot Monk more
proud than he:
And as the ivy climbs the tallest tree,
So round the loftiest soul his
toils he wound,
And with his spells subdued the fierce and free,
Till ermined Age and Youth in arms
renowned,
Honouring his scourge and haircloth, meekly kissed the
ground.
XXX.
And thus it chanced that
Valour, peerless knight,
Who ne’er to King or Kaiser
vailed his crest,
Victorious still in bull-feast or in fight,
Since first his limbs with mail he
did invest,
p.
150Stooped ever to that Anchoret’s behest;
Nor reasoned of the right, nor of
the wrong,
But at his bidding laid the lance in rest,
And wrought fell deeds the
troubled world along,
For he was fierce as brave, and pitiless as strong.
XXXI.
Oft his proud galleys sought
some new-found world,
That latest sees the sun, or first
the morn;
Still at that Wizard’s feet their spoils he
hurled,—
Ingots of ore from rich Potosi
borne,
Crowns by Caciques, aigrettes by Omrahs worn,
Wrought of rare gems, but broken,
rent, and foul;
Idols of gold from heathen temples torn,
Bedabbled all with
blood.—With grisly scowl
The Hermit marked the stains, and smiled beneath his cowl.
XXXII.
Then did he bless the
offering, and bade make
Tribute to Heaven of gratitude and
praise;
And at his word the choral hymns awake,
And many a hand the silver censer
sways,
But with the incense-breath these censers raise,
Mix steams from corpses
smouldering in the fire;
The groans of prisoned victims mar the lays,
And shrieks of agony confound the
quire;
While, ’mid the mingled sounds, the darkened scenes
expire.
XXXIII.
Preluding light, were strains
of music heard,
As once again revolved that
measured sand;
Such sounds as when, for silvan dance prepared,
Gay Xeres summons forth her
vintage band;
p.
151When for the light bolero ready stand
The mozo blithe, with gay muchacha
met,
He conscious of his broidered cap and band,
She of her netted locks and light
corsette,
Each tiptoe perched to spring, and shake the castanet.
XXXIV.
And well such strains the
opening scene became;
For Valour had relaxed his ardent look,
And at a lady’s feet, like lion tame,
Lay stretched, full loath the
weight of arms to brook;
And softened Bigotry,
upon his book,
Pattered a task of little good or
ill:
But the blithe peasant plied his pruning-hook,
Whistled the muleteer o’er
vale and hill,
And rung from village-green the merry seguidille.
XXXV.
Grey Royalty, grown impotent
of toil,
Let the grave sceptre slip his
lazy hold;
And, careless, saw his rule become the spoil
Of a loose Female and her minion
bold.
But peace was on the cottage and the fold,
From Court intrigue, from
bickering faction far;
Beneath the chestnut-tree Love’s tale was
told,
And to the tinkling of the light
guitar,
Sweet stooped the western sun, sweet rose the evening star.
XXXVI.
As that sea-cloud, in size
like human hand,
When first from Carmel by the
Tishbite seen,
Came slowly overshadowing Israel’s land,
A while, perchance, bedecked with
colours sheen,
p.
152While yet the sunbeams on its skirts had been,
Limning with purple and with gold
its shroud,
Till darker folds obscured the blue serene
And blotted heaven with one broad
sable cloud,
Then sheeted rain burst down, and whirlwinds howled
aloud:—
XXXVII.
Even so, upon that peaceful
scene was poured,
Like gathering clouds, full many a
foreign band,
And He, their Leader,
wore in sheath his sword,
And offered peaceful front and
open hand,
Veiling the perjured treachery he planned,
By friendship’s zeal and
honour’s specious guise,
Until he won the passes of the land;
Then burst were honour’s
oath and friendship’s ties!
He clutched his vulture grasp, and called fair Spain his
prize.
XXXVIII.
An iron crown his anxious
forehead bore;
And well such diadem his heart
became,
Who ne’er his purpose for remorse gave
o’er,
Or checked his course for piety or
shame;
Who, trained a soldier, deemed a soldier’s
fame
Might flourish in the wreath of
battles won,
Though neither truth nor honour decked his name;
Who, placed by fortune on a
Monarch’s throne,
Recked not of Monarch’s faith, or Mercy’s kingly
tone.
XXXIX.
From a rude isle his ruder
lineage came,
The spark, that, from a
suburb-hovel’s hearth
Ascending, wraps some capital in flame,
Hath not a meaner or more sordid
birth.
p.
153And for the soul that bade him waste the
earth—
The sable land-flood from some
swamp obscure
That poisons the glad husband-field with dearth,
And by destruction bids its fame
endure,
Hath not a source more sullen, stagnant, and impure.
XL.
Before that Leader strode a
shadowy Form;
Her limbs like mist, her torch
like meteor showed,
With which she beckoned him through fight and
storm,
And all he crushed that crossed
his desperate road,
Nor thought, nor feared, nor looked on what he
trode.
Realms could not glut his pride,
blood could not slake,
So oft as e’er she shook her torch
abroad—
It was Ambition bade her terrors wake,
Nor deigned she, as of yore, a milder form to take.
XLI.
No longer now she spurned at
mean revenge,
Or stayed her hand for conquered
foeman’s moan;
As when, the fates of aged Rome to change,
By Cæsar’s side she
crossed the Rubicon.
Nor joyed she to bestow the spoils she won,
As when the banded powers of
Greece were tasked
To war beneath the Youth of Macedon:
No seemly veil her modern minion
asked,
He saw her hideous face, and loved the fiend unmasked.
That Prelate marked his
march—On banners blazed
With battles won in many a distant
land,
On eagle-standards and on arms he gazed;
“And hopest thou,
then,” he said, “thy power shall stand?
Oh! thou hast builded on the shifting sand,
And thou hast tempered it with
slaughter’s flood;
And know, fell scourge in the Almighty’s
hand,
Gore-moistened trees shall perish
in the bud,
And by a bloody death shall die the Man of Blood!”
XLIII.
The ruthless Leader beckoned
from his train
A wan fraternal Shade, and bade
him kneel,
And paled his temples with the crown of Spain,
While trumpets rang, and heralds
cried “Castile!”
Not that he loved him—No!—In no
man’s weal,
Scarce in his own, e’er
joyed that sullen heart;
Yet round that throne he bade his warriors wheel,
That the poor puppet might perform
his part,
And be a sceptred slave, at his stern beck to start.
XLIV.
But on the Natives of that
Land misused,
Not long the silence of amazement
hung,
Nor brooked they long their friendly faith
abused;
For, with a common shriek, the
general tongue
Exclaimed, “To arms!”—and fast to
arms they sprung.
And Valour woke, that Genius of the Land!
Pleasure, and ease, and sloth aside he flung,
As burst the awakening Nazarite
his band,
When ’gainst his treacherous foes he clenched his dreadful
hand.
That Mimic Monarch now cast
anxious eye
Upon the Satraps that begirt him
round,
Now doffed his royal robe in act to fly,
And from his brow the diadem
unbound.
So oft, so near, the Patriot bugle wound,
From Tarik’s walls to
Bilboa’s mountains blown,
These martial satellites hard labour found
To guard awhile his substituted
throne—
Light recking of his cause, but battling for their own.
XLVI.
From Alpuhara’s peak
that bugle rung,
And it was echoed from
Corunna’s wall;
Stately Seville responsive war-shot flung,
Grenada caught it in her Moorish
hall;
Galicia bade her children fight or fall,
Wild Biscay shook his
mountain-coronet,
Valencia roused her at the battle-call,
And, foremost still where
Valour’s sons are met,
First started to his gun each fiery Miquelet.
XLVII.
But unappalled, and burning
for the fight,
The Invaders march, of victory
secure;
Skilful their force to sever or unite,
And trained alike to vanquish or
endure.
Nor skilful less, cheap conquest to ensure,
Discord to breathe, and jealousy
to sow,
To quell by boasting, and by bribes to lure;
While nought against them bring
the unpractised foe,
Save hearts for Freedom’s cause, and hands for
Freedom’s blow.
Proudly they march—but,
oh! they march not forth
By one hot field to crown a brief
campaign,
As when their Eagles, sweeping through the North,
Destroyed at every stoop an
ancient reign!
Far other fate had Heaven decreed for Spain;
In vain the steel, in vain the
torch was plied,
New Patriot armies started from the slain,
High blazed the war, and long, and
far, and wide,
And oft the God of Battles blest the righteous side.
XLIX.
Nor unatoned, where
Freedom’s foes prevail,
Remained their savage waste.
With blade and brand
By day the Invaders ravaged hill and dale,
But, with the darkness, the
Guerilla band
Came like night’s tempest, and avenged the
land,
And claimed for blood the
retribution due,
Probed the hard heart, and lopped the
murd’rous hand;
And Dawn, when o’er the
scene her beams she threw
’Midst ruins they had made, the spoilers’ corpses
knew.
L.
What minstrel verse may sing,
or tongue may tell,
Amid the visioned strife from sea
to sea,
How oft the Patriot banners rose or fell,
Still honoured in defeat as
victory!
For that sad pageant of events to be
Showed every form of fight by
field and flood;
Slaughter and Ruin, shouting forth their glee,
Beheld, while riding on the
tempest scud,
The waters choked with slain, the earth bedrenched with
blood!
Then Zaragoza—blighted
be the tongue
That names thy name without the
honour due!
For never hath the harp of Minstrel rung,
Of faith so felly proved, so
firmly true!
Mine, sap, and bomb thy shattered ruins knew,
Each art of war’s extremity
had room,
Twice from thy half-sacked streets the foe
withdrew,
And when at length stern fate
decreed thy doom,
They won not Zaragoza, but her children’s bloody tomb.
LII.
Yet raise thy head, sad
city! Though in chains,
Enthralled thou canst not
be! Arise, and claim
Reverence from every heart where Freedom reigns,
For what thou
worshippest!—thy sainted dame,
She of the Column, honoured be her name
By all, whate’er their
creed, who honour love!
And like the sacred relics of the flame,
That gave some martyr to the
blessed above,
To every loyal heart may thy sad embers prove!
LIII.
Nor thine alone such
wreck. Gerona fair!
Faithful to death thy heroes shall
be sung,
Manning the towers, while o’er their heads the
air
Swart as the smoke from raging
furnace hung;
Now thicker darkening where the mine was sprung,
Now briefly lightened by the
cannon’s flare,
Now arched with fire-sparks as the bomb was
flung,
And reddening now with
conflagration’s glare,
While by the fatal light the foes for storm prepare.
While all around was danger,
strife, and fear,
While the earth shook, and
darkened was the sky,
And wide Destruction stunned the listening ear,
Appalled the heart, and stupefied
the eye,—
Afar was heard that thrice-repeated cry,
In which old Albion’s heart
and tongue unite,
Whene’er her soul is up, and pulse beats
high,
Whether it hail the wine-cup or
the fight,
And bid each arm be strong, or bid each heart be light.
LV.
Don Roderick turned him as
the shout grew loud—
A varied scene the changeful
vision showed,
For, where the ocean mingled with the cloud,
A gallant navy stemmed the billows
broad.
From mast and stern St. George’s symbol
flowed,
Blent with the silver cross to
Scotland dear;
Mottling the sea their landward barges rowed,
And flashed the sun on bayonet,
brand, and spear,
And the wild beach returned the seamen’s jovial cheer.
LVI.
It was a dread, yet
spirit-stirring sight!
The billows foamed beneath a
thousand oars,
Fast as they land the red-cross ranks unite,
Legions on legions
bright’ning all the shores.
Then banners rise, and cannon-signal roars,
Then peals the warlike thunder of
the drum,
Thrills the loud fife, the trumpet-flourish
pours,
And patriot hopes awake, and
doubts are dumb,
For, bold in Freedom’s cause, the bands of Ocean come!
A various host they
came—whose ranks display
Each mode in which the warrior
meets the fight,
The deep battalion locks its firm array,
And meditates his aim the marksman
light;
Far glance the light of sabres flashing bright
Where mounted squadrons shake the
echoing mead,
Lacks not artillery breathing flame and night,
Nor the fleet ordnance whirled by
rapid steed,
That rivals lightning’s flash in ruin and in speed.
LVIII.
A various host—from
kindred realms they came,
Brethren in arms, but rivals in
renown—
For yon fair bands shall merry England claim,
And with their deeds of valour
deck her crown.
Hers their bold port, and hers their martial
frown,
And hers their scorn of death in
freedom’s cause,
Their eyes of azure, and their locks of brown,
And the blunt speech that bursts
without a pause,
And free-born thoughts which league the Soldier with the
Laws.
LIX.
And, oh! loved warriors of
the Minstrel’s land!
Yonder your bonnets nod, your
tartans wave!
The rugged form may mark the mountain band,
And harsher features, and a mien
more grave;
But ne’er in battlefield throbbed heart so
brave
As that which beats beneath the
Scottish plaid;
And when the pibroch bids the battle rave,
And level for the charge your arms
are laid,
Where lives the desperate foe that for such onset stayed!
Hark! from yon stately ranks
what laughter rings,
Mingling wild mirth with
war’s stern minstrelsy,
His jest while each blithe comrade round him
flings,
And moves to death with military
glee:
Boast, Erin, boast them! tameless, frank, and
free,
In kindness warm, and fierce in
danger known,
Rough Nature’s children, humorous as she:
And He,
yon Chieftain—strike the proudest tone
Of thy bold harp, green Isle!—the Hero is thine own.
LXI.
Now on the scene Vimeira
should be shown,
On Talavera’s fight should
Roderick gaze,
And hear Corunna wail her battle won,
And see Busaco’s crest with
lightning blaze:—
But shall fond fable mix with heroes’
praise?
Hath Fiction’s stage for
Truth’s long triumphs room?
And dare her wild flowers mingle with the bays
That claim a long eternity to
bloom
Around the warrior’s crest, and o’er the
warrior’s tomb!
LXII.
Or may I give adventurous
Fancy scope,
And stretch a bold hand to the
awful veil
That hides futurity from anxious hope,
Bidding beyond it scenes of glory
hail,
And painting Europe rousing at the tale
Of Spain’s invaders from her
confines hurled,
While kindling nations buckle on their mail,
And Fame, with clarion-blast and
wings unfurled,
To Freedom and Revenge awakes an injured World!
O vain, though anxious, is
the glance I cast,
Since Fate has marked futurity her
own:
Yet Fate resigns to worth the glorious past,
The deeds recorded, and the
laurels won.
Then, though the Vault of Destiny be gone,
King, Prelate, all the phantasms
of my brain,
Melted away like mist-wreaths in the sun,
Yet grant for faith, for valour,
and for Spain,
One note of pride and fire, a Patriot’s parting strain!
I.
“Who shall command
Estrella’s mountain-tide
Back to the source, when
tempest-chafed, to hie?
Who, when Gascogne’s vexed gulf is raging
wide,
Shall hush it as a nurse her
infant’s cry?
His magic power let such vain boaster try,
And when the torrent shall his
voice obey,
And Biscay’s whirlwinds list his lullaby,
Let him stand forth and bar mine
eagles’ way,
And they shall heed his voice, and at his bidding stay.
II.
“Else ne’er to
stoop, till high on Lisbon’s towers
They close their wings, the symbol
of our yoke,
And their own sea hath whelmed yon red-cross
powers!”
Thus, on the summit of
Alverca’s rock
p.
162To Marshal, Duke, and Peer, Gaul’s Leader
spoke.
While downward on the land his
legions press,
Before them it was rich with vine and flock,
And smiled like Eden in her summer
dress;—
Behind their wasteful march a reeking wilderness.
III.
And shall the boastful Chief
maintain his word,
Though Heaven hath heard the
wailings of the land,
Though Lusitania whet her vengeful sword,
Though Britons arm and Wellington command!
No! grim Busaco’s iron ridge shall stand
An adamantine barrier to his
force;
And from its base shall wheel his shattered band,
As from the unshaken rock the
torrent hoarse
Bears off its broken waves, and seeks a devious course.
IV.
Yet not because
Alcoba’s mountain-hawk
Hath on his best and bravest made
her food,
In numbers confident, yon Chief shall baulk
His Lord’s imperial thirst
for spoil and blood:
For full in view the promised conquest stood,
And Lisbon’s matrons from
their walls might sum
The myriads that had half the world subdued,
And hear the distant thunders of
the drum,
That bids the bands of France to storm and havoc come.
V.
Four moons have heard these
thunders idly rolled,
Have seen these wistful myriads
eye their prey,
As famished wolves survey a guarded fold—
But in the middle path a Lion
lay!
p.
163At length they move—but not to battle-fray,
Nor blaze yon fires where meets
the manly fight;
Beacons of infamy, they light the way
Where cowardice and cruelty
unite
To damn with double shame their ignominious flight.
VI.
O triumph for the Fiends of
Lust and Wrath!
Ne’er to be told, yet
ne’er to be forgot,
What wanton horrors marked their wreckful path!
The peasant butchered in his
ruined cot,
The hoary priest even at the altar shot,
Childhood and age given o’er
to sword and flame,
Woman to infamy;—no crime forgot,
By which inventive demons might
proclaim
Immortal hate to man, and scorn of God’s great name!
VII.
The rudest sentinel, in
Britain born,
With horror paused to view the
havoc done,
Gave his poor crust to feed some wretch forlorn,
Wiped his stern eye, then fiercer
grasped his gun.
Nor with less zeal shall Britain’s peaceful
son
Exult the debt of sympathy to
pay;
Riches nor poverty the tax shall shun,
Nor prince nor peer, the wealthy
nor the gay,
Nor the poor peasant’s mite, nor bard’s more
worthless lay.
VIII.
But thou—unfoughten
wilt thou yield to Fate,
Minion of Fortune, now miscalled
in vain!
Can vantage-ground no confidence create,
Marcella’s pass, nor
Guarda’s mountain-chain?
p.
164Vainglorious fugitive! yet turn again!
Behold, where, named by some
prophetic Seer,
Flows Honour’s Fountain, [164] as foredoomed the stain
From thy dishonoured name and arms
to clear—
Fallen Child of Fortune, turn, redeem her favour here!
IX.
Yet, ere thou turn’st,
collect each distant aid;
Those chief that never heard the
lion roar!
Within whose souls lives not a trace portrayed
Of Talavera or Mondego’s
shore!
Marshal each band thou hast, and summon more;
Of war’s fell stratagems
exhaust the whole;
Rank upon rank, squadron on squadron pour,
Legion on legion on thy foeman
roll,
And weary out his arm—thou canst not quell his soul.
X.
O vainly gleams with steel
Agueda’s shore,
Vainly thy squadrons hide
Assuava’s plain,
And front the flying thunders as they roar,
With frantic charge and tenfold
odds, in vain!
And what avails thee that, for Cameron slain,
Wild from his plaided ranks the
yell was given—
Vengeance and grief gave mountain-range the rein,
And, at the bloody spear-point
headlong driven,
Thy Despot’s giant guards fled like the rack of heaven.
XI.
Go, baffled boaster! teach
thy haughty mood
To plead at thine imperious
master’s throne,
Say, thou hast left his legions in their blood,
Deceived his hopes, and frustrated
thine own;
p.
165Say, that thine utmost skill and valour shown,
By British skill and valour were
outvied;
Last say, thy conqueror was Wellington!
And if he chafe, be his own
fortune tried—
God and our cause to friend, the venture we’ll abide.
XII.
But you, ye heroes of that
well-fought day,
How shall a bard, unknowing and
unknown,
His meed to each victorious leader pay,
Or bind on every brow the laurels
won?
Yet fain my harp would wake its boldest tone,
O’er the wide sea to hail
Cadogan brave;
And he, perchance, the minstrel-note might own,
Mindful of meeting brief that
Fortune gave
’Mid yon far western isles that hear the Atlantic rave.
XIII.
Yes! hard the task, when
Britons wield the sword,
To give each Chief and every field
its fame:
Hark! Albuera thunders Beresford,
And Red Barosa shouts for
dauntless Græme!
O for a verse of tumult and of flame,
Bold as the bursting of their
cannon sound,
To bid the world re-echo to their fame!
For never, upon gory
battle-ground,
With conquest’s well-bought wreath were braver victors
crowned!
XIV.
O who shall grudge him
Albuera’s bays,
Who brought a race regenerate to
the field,
Roused them to emulate their fathers’
praise,
Tempered their headlong rage,
their courage steeled,
p.
166And raised fair Lusitania’s fallen shield,
And gave new edge to
Lusitania’s sword,
And taught her sons forgotten arms to
wield—
Shivered my harp, and burst its
every chord,
If it forget thy worth, victorious Beresford!
XV.
Not on that bloody field of
battle won,
Though Gaul’s proud legions
rolled like mist away,
Was half his self-devoted valour shown,—
He gaged but life on that
illustrious day;
But when he toiled those squadrons to array,
Who fought like Britons in the
bloody game,
Sharper than Polish pike or assagay,
He braved the shafts of censure
and of shame,
And, dearer far than life, he pledged a soldier’s fame.
XVI.
Nor be his praise
o’erpast who strove to hide
Beneath the warrior’s vest
affection’s wound,
Whose wish Heaven for his country’s weal
denied;
Danger and fate he sought, but
glory found.
From clime to clime, where’er war’s
trumpets sound,
The wanderer went; yet Caledonia!
still
Thine was his thought in march and tented ground;
He dreamed ’mid Alpine
cliffs of Athole’s hill,
And heard in Ebro’s roar his Lyndoch’s lovely
rill.
XVII.
O hero of a race renowned of
old,
Whose war-cry oft has waked the
battle-swell,
Since first distinguished in the onset bold,
Wild sounding when the Roman
rampart fell!
p.
167By Wallace’ side it rung the Southron’s
knell,
Alderne, Kilsythe, and Tibber
owned its fame,
Tummell’s rude pass can of its terrors
tell,
But ne’er from prouder field
arose the name
Than when wild Ronda learned the conquering shout of Græme!
XVIII.
But all too long, through
seas unknown and dark,
(With Spenser’s parable I
close my tale,)
By shoal and rock hath steered my venturous bark,
And landward now I drive before
the gale.
And now the blue and distant shore I hail,
And nearer now I see the port
expand,
And now I gladly furl my weary sail,
And, as the prow light touches on
the strand,
I strike my red-cross flag and bind my skiff to land.
I.
Fair Brussels, thou
art far behind,
Though, lingering on the morning wind,
We yet may hear the hour
Pealed over orchard and canal,
With voice prolonged and measured fall,
From proud St. Michael’s tower;
Thy wood, dark Soignies, holds us now,
Where the tall beeches’ glossy bough
For many a league around,
With birch and darksome oak between,
Spreads deep and far a pathless screen,
Of tangled forest ground.
Stems planted close by stems defy
The adventurous foot—the curious eye
For access seeks in vain;
And the brown tapestry of leaves,
Strewed on the blighted ground, receives
Nor sun, nor air, nor rain.
No opening glade dawns on our way,
No streamlet, glancing to the ray,
Our woodland path has crossed;
And the straight causeway which we tread
Prolongs a line of dull arcade,
Unvarying through the unvaried shade
Until in distance lost.
A brighter, livelier scene succeeds;
In groups the scattering wood recedes,
Hedge-rows, and huts, and sunny meads,
And corn-fields glance between;
The peasant, at his labour blithe,
Plies the hooked staff and shortened scythe:—
But when these ears were green,
Placed close within destruction’s scope,
Full little was that rustic’s hope
Their ripening to have seen!
And, lo, a hamlet and its fane:—
Let not the gazer with disdain
Their architecture view;
For yonder rude ungraceful shrine,
And disproportioned spire, are thine,
Immortal Waterloo!
III.
Fear not the heat, though full and high
The sun has scorched the autumn sky,
And scarce a forest straggler now
To shade us spreads a greenwood bough;
These fields have seen a hotter day
Than e’er was fired by sunny ray,
Yet one mile on—yon shattered hedge
Crests the soft hill whose long smooth ridge
Looks on the field below,
And sinks so gently on the dale
That not the folds of Beauty’s veil
In easier curves can flow.
Brief space from thence, the ground again
Ascending slowly from the plain
Forms an opposing screen,
Which, with its crest of upland ground,
Shuts the horizon all around.
The softened vale between
Slopes smooth and fair for courser’s tread;
Not the most timid maid need dread
p. 170To give
her snow-white palfrey head
On that wide stubble-ground;
Nor wood, nor tree, nor bush are there,
Her course to intercept or scare,
Nor fosse nor fence are found,
Save where, from out her shattered bowers,
Rise Hougomont’s dismantled towers.
IV.
Now, see’st thou aught in this lone
scene
Can tell of that which late hath been?—
A stranger might reply,
“The bare extent of stubble-plain
Seems lately lightened of its grain;
And yonder sable tracks remain
Marks of the peasant’s ponderous wain,
When harvest-home was nigh.
On these broad spots of trampled ground,
Perchance the rustics danced such round
As Teniers loved to draw;
And where the earth seems scorched by flame,
To dress the homely feast they came,
And toiled the kerchiefed village dame
Around her fire of straw.”
V.
So deem’st thou—so each mortal
deems,
Of that which is from that which seems:—
But other harvest here
Than that which peasant’s scythe demands,
Was gathered in by sterner hands,
With bayonet, blade, and spear.
No vulgar crop was theirs to reap,
No stinted harvest thin and cheap!
Heroes before each fatal sweep
Fell thick as ripened grain;
And ere the darkening of the day,
Piled high as autumn shocks, there lay
The ghastly harvest of the fray,
The corpses of the slain.
Ay, look again—that line, so black
And trampled, marks the bivouac,
Yon deep-graved ruts the artillery’s track,
So often lost and won;
And close beside, the hardened mud
Still shows where, fetlock-deep in blood,
The fierce dragoon, through battle’s flood,
Dashed the hot war-horse on.
These spots of excavation tell
The ravage of the bursting shell—
And feel’st thou not the tainted steam,
That reeks against the sultry beam,
From yonder trenchéd mound?
The pestilential fumes declare
That Carnage has replenished there
Her garner-house profound.
VII.
Far other harvest-home and feast,
Than claims the boor from scythe released,
On these scorched fields were known!
Death hovered o’er the maddening rout,
And, in the thrilling battle-shout,
Sent for the bloody banquet out
A summons of his own.
Through rolling smoke the Demon’s eye
Could well each destined guest espy,
Well could his ear in ecstasy
Distinguish every tone
That filled the chorus of the fray—
From cannon-roar and trumpet-bray,
From charging squadrons’ wild hurra,
From the wild clang that marked their way,—
Down to the dying groan,
And the last sob of life’s decay,
When breath was all but flown.
Feast on, stern foe of mortal life,
Feast on!—but think not that a strife,
With such promiscuous carnage rife,
Protracted space may last;
The deadly tug of war at length
Must limits find in human strength,
And cease when these are past.
Vain hope!—that morn’s o’erclouded sun
Heard the wild shout of fight begun
Ere he attained his height,
And through the war-smoke, volumed high,
Still peals that unremitted cry,
Though now he stoops to night.
For ten long hours of doubt and dread,
Fresh succours from the extended head
Of either hill the contest fed;
Still down the slope they drew,
The charge of columns pauséd not,
Nor ceased the storm of shell and shot;
For all that war could do
Of skill and force was proved that day,
And turned not yet the doubtful fray
On bloody Waterloo.
IX.
Pale Brussels! then what thoughts were
thine,
When ceaseless from the distant line
Continued thunders came!
Each burgher held his breath, to hear
These forerunners of havoc near,
Of rapine and of flame.
What ghastly sights were thine to meet,
When rolling through thy stately street,
The wounded showed their mangled plight
In token of the unfinished fight,
And from each anguish-laden wain
The blood-drops laid thy dust like rain!
p. 173How
often in the distant drum
Heard’st thou the fell Invader come,
While Ruin, shouting to his band,
Shook high her torch and gory brand!—
Cheer thee, fair City! From yon stand,
Impatient, still his outstretched hand
Points to his prey in vain,
While maddening in his eager mood,
And all unwont to be withstood,
He fires the fight again.
X.
“On! On!” was still his stern
exclaim;
“Confront the battery’s jaws of flame!
Rush on the levelled gun!
My steel-clad cuirassiers, advance!
Each Hulan forward with his lance,
My Guard—my Chosen—charge for France,
France and Napoleon!”
Loud answered their acclaiming shout,
Greeting the mandate which sent out
Their bravest and their best to dare
The fate their leader shunned to share.
But He, his country’s sword and
shield,
Still in the battle-front revealed,
Where danger fiercest swept the field,
Came like a beam of light,
In action prompt, in sentence brief—
“Soldiers, stand firm!” exclaimed the Chief,
“England shall tell the fight!”
XI.
On came the whirlwind—like the last
But fiercest sweep of tempest-blast—
On came the whirlwind—steel-gleams broke
Like lightning through the rolling smoke;
The war was waked anew,
Three hundred cannon-mouths roared loud,
And from their throats, with flash and cloud,
Their showers of iron threw.
p. 174Beneath
their fire, in full career,
Rushed on the ponderous cuirassier,
The lancer couched his ruthless spear,
And hurrying as to havoc near,
The cohorts’ eagles flew.
In one dark torrent, broad and strong,
The advancing onset rolled along,
Forth harbingered by fierce acclaim,
That, from the shroud of smoke and flame,
Pealed wildly the imperial name.
XII.
But on the British heart were lost
The terrors of the charging host;
For not an eye the storm that viewed
Changed its proud glance of fortitude,
Nor was one forward footstep stayed,
As dropped the dying and the dead.
Fast as their ranks the thunders tear,
Fast they renewed each serried square;
And on the wounded and the slain
Closed their diminished files again,
Till from their line scarce spears’-lengths three,
Emerging from the smoke they see
Helmet, and plume, and panoply,—
Then waked their fire at once!
Each musketeer’s revolving knell,
As fast, as regularly fell,
As when they practise to display
Their discipline on festal day.
Then down went helm and lance,
Down were the eagle banners sent,
Down reeling steeds and riders went,
Corslets were pierced, and pennons rent;
And, to augment the fray,
Wheeled full against their staggering flanks,
The English horsemen’s foaming ranks
Forced their resistless way.
Then to the musket-knell succeeds
The clash of swords—the neigh of steeds—
p. 175As plies
the smith his clanging trade,
Against the cuirass rang the blade;
And while amid their close array
The well-served cannon rent their way,
And while amid their scattered band
Raged the fierce rider’s bloody brand,
Recoiled in common rout and fear,
Lancer and guard and cuirassier,
Horsemen and foot,—a mingled host
Their leaders fall’n, their standards lost.
XIII.
Then, Wellington!
thy piercing eye
This crisis caught of destiny—
The British host had stood
That morn ’gainst charge of sword and lance
As their own ocean-rocks hold stance,
But when thy voice had said, “Advance!”
They were their ocean’s flood.—
O Thou, whose inauspicious aim
Hath wrought thy host this hour of shame,
Think’st thou thy broken bands will bide
The terrors of yon rushing tide?
Or will thy chosen brook to feel
The British shock of levelled steel,
Or dost thou turn thine eye
Where coming squadrons gleam afar,
And fresher thunders wake the war,
And other standards fly?—
Think not that in yon columns, file
Thy conquering troops from distant Dyle—
Is Blucher yet unknown?
Or dwells not in thy memory still
(Heard frequent in thine hour of ill),
What notes of hate and vengeance thrill
In Prussia’s trumpet-tone?—
What yet remains?—shall it be thine
To head the relics of thy line
In one dread effort more?—
p. 176The
Roman lore thy leisure loved,
And than canst tell what fortune proved
That Chieftain, who, of yore,
Ambition’s dizzy paths essayed
And with the gladiators’ aid
For empire enterprised—
He stood the cast his rashness played,
Left not the victims he had made,
Dug his red grave with his own blade,
And on the field he lost was laid,
Abhorred—but not despised.
XIV.
But if revolves thy fainter thought
On safety—howsoever bought,—
Then turn thy fearful rein and ride,
Though twice ten thousand men have died
On this eventful day
To gild the military fame
Which thou, for life, in traffic tame
Wilt barter thus away.
Shall future ages tell this tale
Of inconsistence faint and frail?
And art thou He of Lodi’s bridge,
Marengo’s field, and Wagram’s ridge!
Or is thy soul like mountain-tide,
That, swelled by winter storm and shower,
Rolls down in turbulence of power,
A torrent fierce and wide;
Reft of these aids, a rill obscure,
Shrinking unnoticed, mean and poor,
Whose channel shows displayed
The wrecks of its impetuous course,
But not one symptom of the force
By which these wrecks were made!
XV.
Spur on thy way!—since now thine ear
Has brooked thy veterans’ wish to hear,
Who, as thy flight they eyed
p.
177Exclaimed,—while tears of anguish came,
Wrung forth by pride, and rage, and shame,
“O that he had but died!”
But yet, to sum this hour of ill,
Look, ere thou leav’st the fatal hill,
Back on yon broken ranks—
Upon whose wild confusion gleams
The moon, as on the troubled streams
When rivers break their banks,
And, to the ruined peasant’s eye,
Objects half seen roll swiftly by,
Down the dread current hurled—
So mingle banner, wain, and gun,
Where the tumultuous flight rolls on
Of warriors, who, when morn begun,
Defied a banded world.
XVI.
List—frequent to the hurrying rout,
The stern pursuers’ vengeful shout
Tells, that upon their broken rear
Rages the Prussian’s bloody spear.
So fell a shriek was none,
When Beresina’s icy flood
Reddened and thawed with flame and blood,
And, pressing on thy desperate way,
Raised oft and long their wild hurra,
The children of the Don.
Thine ear no yell of horror cleft
So ominous, when, all bereft
Of aid, the valiant Polack left—
Ay, left by thee—found soldiers grave
In Leipsic’s corpse-encumbered wave.
Fate, in those various perils past,
Reserved thee still some future cast;
On the dread die thou now hast thrown
Hangs not a single field alone,
Nor one campaign—thy martial fame,
Thy empire, dynasty, and name
Have felt the final stroke;
p. 178And now,
o’er thy devoted head
The last stern vial’s wrath is shed,
The last dread seal is broke.
XVII.
Since live thou wilt—refuse not now
Before these demagogues to bow,
Late objects of thy scorn and hate,
Who shall thy once imperial fate
Make wordy theme of vain debate.—
Or shall we say, thou stoop’st less low
In seeking refuge from the foe,
Against whose heart, in prosperous life,
Thine hand hath ever held the knife?
Such homage hath been paid
By Roman and by Grecian voice,
And there were honour in the choice,
If it were freely made.
Then safely come—in one so low,—
So lost,—we cannot own a foe;
Though dear experience bid us end,
In thee we ne’er can hail a friend.—
Come, howsoe’er—but do not hide
Close in thy heart that germ of pride,
Erewhile, by gifted bard espied,
That “yet imperial hope;”
Think not that for a fresh rebound,
To raise ambition from the ground,
We yield thee means or scope.
In safety come—but ne’er again
Hold type of independent reign;
No islet calls thee lord,
We leave thee no confederate band,
No symbol of thy lost command,
To be a dagger in the hand
From which we wrenched the sword.
XVIII.
Yet, even in yon sequestered spot,
May worthier conquest be thy lot
Than yet thy life has known;
p.
179Conquest, unbought by blood or harm,
That needs nor foreign aid nor arm,
A triumph all thine own.
Such waits thee when thou shalt control
Those passions wild, that stubborn soul,
That marred thy prosperous scene:—
Hear this—from no unmovéd heart,
Which sighs, comparing what THOU
ART
With what thou MIGHT’ST
HAVE BEEN!
XIX.
Thou, too, whose deeds of fame renewed
Bankrupt a nation’s gratitude,
To thine own noble heart must owe
More than the meed she can bestow.
For not a people’s just acclaim,
Not the full hail of Europe’s fame,
Thy Prince’s smiles, the State’s decree,
The ducal rank, the gartered knee,
Not these such pure delight afford
As that, when hanging up thy sword,
Well may’st thou think, “This honest steel
Was ever drawn for public weal;
And, such was rightful Heaven’s decree,
Ne’er sheathed unless with victory!”
XX.
Look forth, once more, with softened heart,
Ere from the field of fame we part;
Triumph and Sorrow border near,
And joy oft melts into a tear.
Alas! what links of love that morn
Has War’s rude hand asunder torn!
For ne’er was field so sternly fought,
And ne’er was conquest dearer bought,
Here piled in common slaughter sleep
Those whom affection long shall weep
Here rests the sire, that ne’er shall strain
His orphans to his heart again;
p. 180The son,
whom, on his native shore,
The parent’s voice shall bless no more;
The bridegroom, who has hardly pressed
His blushing consort to his breast;
The husband, whom through many a year
Long love and mutual faith endear.
Thou canst not name one tender tie,
But here dissolved its relics lie!
Oh! when thou see’st some mourner’s veil
Shroud her thin form and visage pale,
Or mark’st the Matron’s bursting tears
Stream when the stricken drum she hears;
Or see’st how manlier grief, suppressed,
Is labouring in a father’s breast,—
With no inquiry vain pursue
The cause, but think on Waterloo!
XXI.
Period of honour as of woes,
What bright careers ’twas thine to close!—
Marked on thy roll of blood what names
To Britain’s memory, and to Fame’s,
Laid there their last immortal claims!
Thou saw’st in seas of gore expire
Redoubted Picton’s soul of
fire—
Saw’st in the mingled carnage lie
All that of Ponsonby could
die—
De Lancey change Love’s
bridal-wreath
For laurels from the hand of Death—
Saw’st gallant Miller’s
failing eye
Still bent where Albion’s banners fly,
And Cameron, in the shock of steel,
Die like the offspring of Lochiel;
And generous Gordon, ’mid the
strife,
Fall while he watched his leader’s life.—
Ah! though her guardian angel’s shield
Fenced Britain’s hero through the field.
Fate not the less her power made known,
Through his friends’ hearts to pierce his own!
Forgive, brave Dead, the imperfect lay!
Who may your names, your numbers, say?
What high-strung harp, what lofty line,
To each the dear-earned praise assign,
From high-born chiefs of martial fame
To the poor soldier’s lowlier name?
Lightly ye rose that dawning day,
From your cold couch of swamp and clay,
To fill, before the sun was low,
The bed that morning cannot know.—
Oft may the tear the green sod steep,
And sacred be the heroes’ sleep,
Till time shall cease to run;
And ne’er beside their noble grave,
May Briton pass and fail to crave
A blessing on the fallen brave
Who fought with Wellington!
XXIII.
Farewell, sad Field! whose blighted face
Wears desolation’s withering trace;
Long shall my memory retain
Thy shattered huts and trampled grain,
With every mark of martial wrong,
That scathe thy towers, fair Hougomont!
Yet though thy garden’s green arcade
The marksman’s fatal post was made,
Though on thy shattered beeches fell
The blended rage of shot and shell,
Though from thy blackened portals torn,
Their fall thy blighted fruit-trees mourn,
Has not such havoc bought a name
Immortal in the rolls of fame?
Yes—Agincourt may be forgot,
And Cressy be an unknown spot,
And Blenheim’s name be new;
But still in story and in song,
For many an age remembered long,
Shall live the towers of Hougomont
And Field of Waterloo!
Stern tide of human Time! that know’st
not rest,
But, sweeping from the cradle to the tomb,
Bear’st ever downward on thy dusky breast
Successive generations to their doom;
While thy capacious stream has equal room
For the gay bark where Pleasure’s steamers
sport,
And for the prison-ship of guilt and gloom,
The fisher-skiff, and barge that bears a court,
Still wafting onward all to one dark silent port;—
Stern tide of Time! through
what mysterious change
Of hope and fear have our frail barks been
driven!
For ne’er, before, vicissitude so strange
Was to one race of Adam’s offspring given.
And sure such varied change of sea and heaven,
Such unexpected bursts of joy and woe,
Such fearful strife as that where we have
striven,
Succeeding ages ne’er again shall know,
Until the awful term when Thou shalt cease to flow.
Well hast thou stood, my
Country!—the brave fight
Hast well maintained through good report and ill;
In thy just cause and in thy native might,
And in Heaven’s grace and justice constant
still;
p.
183Whether the banded prowess, strength, and skill
Of half the world against thee stood arrayed,
Or when, with better views and freer will,
Beside thee Europe’s noblest drew the
blade,
Each emulous in arms the Ocean Queen to aid.
Well art thou now
repaid—though slowly rose,
And struggled long with mists thy blaze of fame,
While like the dawn that in the orient glows
On the broad wave its earlier lustre came;
Then eastern Egypt saw the growing flame,
And Maida’s myrtles gleamed beneath its
ray,
Where first the soldier, stung with generous
shame,
Rivalled the heroes of the watery way,
And washed in foemen’s gore unjust reproach away.
Now, Island Empress, wave thy
crest on high,
And bid the banner of thy Patron flow,
Gallant Saint George, the flower of Chivalry,
For thou halt faced, like him, a dragon foe,
And rescued innocence from overthrow,
And trampled down, like him, tyrannic might,
And to the gazing world may’st proudly show
The chosen emblem of thy sainted Knight,
Who quelled devouring pride and vindicated right.
Yet ’mid the confidence
of just renown,
Renown dear-bought, but dearest thus acquired,
Write, Britain, write the moral lesson down:
’Tis not alone the heart with valour fired,
The discipline so dreaded and admired,
In many a field of bloody conquest known,
—Such may by fame be lured, by gold be
hired:
’Tis constancy in the good cause alone
Best justifies the meed thy valiant sons have won.
I.
Night and morning
were at meeting
Over Waterloo;
Cocks had sung their earliest greeting;
Faint and low they crew,
For no paly beam yet shone
On the heights of Mount Saint John;
Tempest-clouds prolonged the sway
Of timeless darkness over day;
Whirlwind, thunder-clap, and shower
Marked it a predestined hour.
Broad and frequent through the night
Flashed the sheets of levin-light:
Muskets, glancing lightnings back,
Showed the dreary bivouac
Where the soldier lay,
Chill and stiff, and drenched with rain,
Wishing dawn of morn again,
Though death should come with day.
II.
’Tis at such a tide and hour
Wizard, witch, and fiend have power,
And ghastly forms through mist and shower
Gleam on the gifted ken;
And then the affrighted prophet’s ear
Drinks whispers strange of fate and fear
Presaging death and ruin near
Among the sons of men;—
p. 185Apart
from Albyn’s war-array,
’Twas then grey Allan sleepless lay;
Grey Allan, who, for many a day,
Had followed stout and stern,
Where, through battle’s rout and reel,
Storm of shot and edge of steel,
Led the grandson of Lochiel,
Valiant Fassiefern.
Through steel and shot he leads no more,
Low laid ’mid friends’ and foemen’s
gore—
But long his native lake’s wild shore,
And Sunart rough, and high Ardgower,
And Morven long shall tell,
And proud Bennevis hear with awe
How, upon bloody Quatre-Bras,
Brave Cameron heard the wild hurra
Of conquest as he fell.
III.
Lone on the outskirts of the host,
The weary sentinel held post,
And heard, through darkness far aloof,
The frequent clang of courser’s hoof,
Where held the cloaked patrol their course,
And spurred ’gainst storm the swerving horse;
But there are sounds in Allan’s ear,
Patrol nor sentinel may hear,
And sights before his eye aghast
Invisible to them have passed,
When down the destined plain,
’Twixt Britain and the bands of France,
Wild as marsh-borne meteor’s glance,
Strange phantoms wheeled a revel dance,
And doomed the future slain.—
Such forms were seen, such sounds were heard,
When Scotland’s James his march prepared
For Flodden’s fatal plain;
Such, when he drew his ruthless sword,
As Choosers of the Slain, adored
The yet unchristened Dane.
p. 186An
indistinct and phantom band,
They wheeled their ring-dance hand in hand,
With gestures wild and dread;
The Seer, who watched them ride the storm,
Saw through their faint and shadowy form
The lightning’s flash more red;
And still their ghastly roundelay
Was of the coming battle-fray,
And of the destined dead.
IV.
SONG.
Wheel the wild dance
While lightnings glance,
And thunders rattle loud,
And call the brave
To bloody grave,
To sleep without a shroud.
Our airy feet,
So light and fleet,
They do not bend the rye
That sinks its head when whirlwinds rave,
And swells again in eddying wave,
As each wild gust blows by;
But still the corn,
At dawn of morn,
Our fatal steps that bore,
At eve lies waste,
A trampled paste
Of blackening mud and gore.
Wheel the wild dance
While lightnings glance,
And thunders rattle loud,
And call the brave
To bloody grave,
To sleep without a shroud.
Wheel the wild dance!
Brave sons of France,
For you our ring makes room;
Make space full wide
For martial pride,
For banner, spear, and plume.
Approach, draw near,
Proud cuirassier!
Room for the men of steel!
Through crest and plate
The broadsword’s weight
Both head and heart shall feel.
VI.
Wheel the wild dance
While lightnings glance,
And thunders rattle loud,
And call the brave
To bloody grave,
To sleep without a shroud.
Sons of the spear!
You feel us near
In many a ghastly dream;
With fancy’s eye
Our forms you spy,
And hear our fatal scream.
With clearer sight
Ere falls the night,
Just when to weal or woe
Your disembodied souls take flight
On trembling wing—each startled sprite
Our choir of death shall know.
VII.
Wheel the wild dance
While lightnings glance,
And thunders rattle loud,
p. 188And call
the brave
To bloody grave,
To sleep without a shroud.
Burst, ye clouds, in tempest showers,
Redder rain shall soon be ours—
See the east grows wan—
Yield we place to sterner game,
Ere deadlier bolts and direr flame
Shall the welkin’s thunders shame,
Elemental rage is tame
To the wrath of man.
VIII.
At morn, grey Allan’s mates with awe
Heard of the visioned sights he saw,
The legend heard him say;
But the Seer’s gifted eye was dim,
Deafened his ear, and stark his limb,
Ere closed that bloody day.
He sleeps far from his Highland heath,
But often of the Dance of Death
His comrades tell the tale
On picquet-post, when ebbs the night,
And waning watch-fires glow less bright,
And dawn is glimmering pale.
[The original of this little Romance makes part of a manuscript collection of French Songs, probably compiled by some young officer, which was found on the field of Waterloo, so much stained with clay and with blood as sufficiently to indicate what had been the fate of its late owner. The song is popular in France, and is rather a good specimen of the style of composition to which it belongs. The translation is strictly literal.]
It was Dunois, the
young and brave, was bound for Palestine,
But first he made his orisons before Saint Mary’s
shrine:
“And grant, immortal Queen of Heaven,” was still the
Soldier’s prayer;
“That I may prove the bravest knight, and love the fairest
fair.”
His oath of honour on the shrine he graved it
with his sword,
And followed to the Holy Land the banner of his Lord;
Where, faithful to his noble vow, his war-cry filled the air,
“Be honoured aye the bravest knight, beloved the fairest
fair.”
p.
190They owed the conquest to his arm, and then his
Liege-Lord said,
“The heart that has for honour beat by bliss must be
repaid.—
My daughter Isabel and thou shall be a wedded pair,
For thou art bravest of the brave, she fairest of the
fair.”
And then they bound the holy knot before Saint
Mary’s shrine,
That makes a paradise on earth, if hearts and hands combine;
And every lord and lady bright that were in chapel there
Cried, “Honoured be the bravest knight, beloved the fairest
fair!”
Glowing with love,
on fire for fame
A Troubadour that hated sorrow
Beneath his lady’s window came,
And thus he sung his last good-morrow:
“My arm it is my country’s right,
My heart is in my true-love’s bower;
Gaily for love and fame to fight
Befits the gallant Troubadour.”
And while he marched with helm on head
And harp in hand, the descant rung,
As faithful to his favourite maid,
The minstrel-burden still he sung:
“My arm it is my country’s right,
My heart is in my lady’s bower;
Resolved for love and fame to fight
I come, a gallant Troubadour.”
p.
191Even when the battle-roar was deep,
With dauntless heart he hewed his way,
’Mid splintering lance and falchion-sweep,
And still was heard his warrior-lay:
“My life it is my country’s right,
My heart is in my lady’s bower;
For love to die, for fame to fight,
Becomes the valiant Troubadour.”
Alas! upon the bloody field
He fell beneath the foeman’s glaive,
But still reclining on his shield,
Expiring sung the exulting stave:—
“My life it is my country’s right,
My heart is in my lady’s bower;
For love and fame to fall in fight
Becomes the valiant Troubadour.”
[This is a very ancient pibroch belonging to Clan MacDonald. The words of the set, theme, or melody, to which the pipe variations are applied, run thus in Gaelic:—
Piobaireachd Dhonuil Dhuidh, piobaireachd
Dhonuil;
Piobaireachd Dhonuil Dhuidh, piobaireachd Dhonuil;
Piobaireachd Dhonuil Dhuidh, piobaireachd Dhonuil;
Piob agus bratach air faiche Inverlochi.
The pipe-summons of Donald the Black,
The pipe-summons of Donald the Black,
The war-pipe and the pennon are on the gathering-place at
Inverlochy.]
Pibroch of Donuil
Dhu,
Pibroch of Donuil,
Wake thy wild voice anew,
Summon Clan Conuil.
Come away, come away,
Hark to the summons!
p. 192Come in
your war array,
Gentles and commons.
Come from deep glen, and
From mountain so rocky,
The war-pipe and pennon
Are at Inverlochy.
Come every hill-plaid, and
True heart that wears one,
Come every steel blade, and
Strong hand that bears one.
Leave untended the herd,
The flock without shelter;
Leave the corpse uninterr’d,
The bride at the altar;
Leave the deer, leave the steer,
Leave nets and barges:
Come with your fighting gear,
Broadswords and targes.
Come as the winds come, when
Forests are rended;
Come as the waves come, when
Navies are stranded:
Faster come, faster come,
Faster and faster,
Chief, vassal, page and groom,
Tenant and master.
Fast they come, fast they come;
See how they gather!
Wide waves the eagle plume,
Blended with heather.
Cast your plaids, draw your blades,
Forward each man set!
Pibroch of Donuil Dhu,
Knell for the onset!
[9] This eText comes from a book (Pike Country Ballads and Other Poems, 1891 George Routledge) which contains a number of poems by John Hay. These have been released separately by Project Gutenberg under the title “Pike Country Ballads and Other Poems” by John Hay. They are not included here to avoid duplication.
[164] The literal translation of Fuentes d’Honoro.
***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME POEMS BY SIR WALTER SCOTT*** ***** This file should be named 6061-h.htm or 6061-h.zip****** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/0/6/6061 Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg-tm License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided that * You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." * You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm works. * You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. * You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact For additional contact information: Dr. Gregory B. Newby Chief Executive and Director gbnewby@pglaf.org Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.