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In 1726 Isaac Newton published the third edition of his landmark work Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (or The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, known simply as The Principia). But how did it spread?
By the 1730s, thanks in particular to Voltaire and scholars such as Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis interest in Newton was growing. A key figure in this Enlightenment activity was Émilie du Châtelet.
<https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/56975>
Châtelet made Principia truly accessible at a time when Newton’s theories were still sparking debate in France between followers of René Descartes (Cartesians) and Newtonians. From the translation and interpretations provided by Châtelet, along with direct tutoring, Voltaire produced “Elémens de la philosophie de Neuton: Mis à la portée de tout le monde” (1733) which brought Newtonian theories to the Francosphere.
<https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50340>
Émilie du Châtelet sought to serve as a bridge between leading scientists and the educated public. Her mastery of Latin and her understanding of physics enabled her to make these ideas accessible.
Châtelet’s work was far more than a translation. Châtelet’s work added extensive mathematical commentary and clarified Newton’s geometric proofs through calculus-based methods. She added explanations and personal insights, thereby making an original and modern contribution to the dissemination and understanding of Newtonian theories in France and beyond.
During the last five years of her life, Émilie du Châtelet devoted all her energy to this major work, even going so far as to deposit the final compiled manuscript at the Royal Library the day before her death in 1756.
<https://journals.openedition.org/bibnum/722>
For additional reading in this matter we recommend the following:
Les Institutions de physique de Madame Du Châtelet ou d’un traité de paix entre Descartes, Leibniz et Newton. By Robert Locqueneux:
<https://www.persee.fr/doc/rnord_0035-2624_1995_num_77_312_5053>
Newton’s Principia, by Linda Cantoni
“There goes the man that writt a book that neither he nor any body else understands.”
<https://blog.pgdp.net/2025/08/01/newtons-principia/>
In the last month PGLAF added another 244 new public domain eBooks to the PG catalog. Of these 143 were added by PGDP. Thank you to all the volunteers who have helped to make these new titles freely available to the world.
The month’s eBooks are listed here (the list was getting too long for the newsletter!):
<https://gutenberg.org/newsletter/202604.html>
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