The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Chronological Table of the Catholic Primates of Ireland, by John Murphy This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: A Chronological Table of the Catholic Primates of Ireland With the Years in Which They Succeeded to the Metropolitan Sees of Armagh, Dublin, Cashell and Tuam Author: John Murphy Release Date: February 16, 2012 [EBook #38900] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATHOLIC PRIMATES OF IRELAND *** Produced by Michael Gray (Diocese of San Jose) A Chronological Table of the Catholic Primates of Ireland With the Years in Which They Succeeded to the Metropolitan Sees of Armagh, Dublin, Cashell and Tuam ARCHBISHOPS OF ARMAGH. Names. Number. Year of Succession. St. Patrick 1 433 Bineen 2 465 Jarlath 3 465 Cormack 4 482 Dubtach I. 5 497 Ailild I. 6 513 Ailild II. 7 526 Dubtach II. 8 536 David McGuire 9 548 Feidlimid 10 551 Cairlan 11 578 Eochaid 12 588 MacLaisir 13 610 Thomian 14 623 Segene 15 661 Flanfebla 16 688 Suibhny 17 715 Congusa 18 730 Cele-Peter 19 750 Ferdachry 20 758 Foendelach 21 768 Dubdalethy 22 778 Affiat 23 793 Cudiniscus 24 794 Conmach 25 798 Torlach 26 807 Nuad 27 808 Flangus 28 812 Artrigius 29 823 Eugenius 30 833 Faranan 31 834 Diarmuid 32 848 Facthna 33 852 Ainmire 34 874 Catasach I. 35 875 Maelcob 36 883 Mael-Brigid 37 885 Joseph 38 927 Mael Patrick 39 936 Catasach II. 40 937 Muredach 41 957 Dubdalethy II. 42 966 Murechan 43 998 Maelmury 44 1004 Amalgaid 45 1021 Dubdalethy III. 46 1050 Cumasach 47 1065 Maelisa 48 1065 Donald 49 1092 Celsus 50 1106 Maurice 51 1129 Malachy 52 1134 Gelasius 53 1137 Cornelius 54 1174 Gilbert 55 1175 Maelisa O'Carrol 56 1184 Amlave 57 1185 Thos. O'Connor 58 1186 Eugene 59 1206 Luke Nettervill 60 1220 Donat Fidobara 61 1227 Albert of Cologn 62 1249 Reiner 63 1247 Abm. O'Connelan 64 1257 P. O'Scanlain 65 1262 Nicholas M'Melissa 66 1272 John Taaf 67 1311 Walter de Jorse 68 1306 Roland Jorse 69 1306 Stephen Segrave 70 1332 David Hiraghty 71 1334 Richd. Fitzralph 72 1347 Milo Sweetman 73 1361 John Colton 74 1382 Nichs. Fleming 75 1404 John Swayne 76 1417 John Prene 77 1439 John Mey 78 1444 John Bole 79 1457 John Foxalls 80 1475 Ed. Connesburg 81 1477 Octav. de Palatio 82 1480 John Kite 83 1513 Geo. Cromer 84 1522 George Dowdall 85 1543 Robert Wauchop 86 1552 Richard Creagh 87 1585 E. M'Gauran, m. 88 1598 Peter Lombard 89 1625 Hugh M'Cawell 90 1626 Pat. Fleming 91 1631 Hugh O'Reilly 92 Edward O'Reilly 93 Oliv. Plunket 94 Dom. M'Guire 95 1708 Hugh M'Mahon 96 1737 Bernard M'Mahon 97 Ross M'Mahon 98 Nic. O'Reilly 99 1758 Anthony Blake 100 1787 Richard O'Reilly 101 Patrick Curtis 102 BISHOPS OF DUBLIN. Names. Number. Year of Succession. Livinus 1 633 St. Wiro 2 650 Disibod 3 675 Gualafer 4 St. Rumold 5 775 Sedulius 6 785 Cormac 7 unk Donat 8 1074 Patrick 9 1084 Dn. O'Haingley 10 1095 Sm. O'Haingley 11 1121 ARCHBISHOPS OF DUBLIN. Names. Number. Year of Succession. Gregory 1 1161 Laurence Toole 2 1172 John Comyn 3 1182 H. de Londres 4 1218 Luke 5 1255 Falk. de Saunford 6 1271 J. de Derlington 7 1284 John de Saundford 8 1294 W. de Hotham 9 1297 R. de Ferings 10 1306 John Leek 11 1313 A. de Bicknor 12 1349 John de St Paul 13 1362 Thomas Minot 14 1375 R. de Wikeford 15 1390 Richd. Northallis 16 1395 Thomas Cranley 17 1397 Richd. Talbot 18 1417 Nicholas Tregury 19 1449 John Walton 20 1473 Walter Fitzsimons 21 1484 William Rokeby 22 1581 Hugh Inge 23 1528 John Allen 24 1534 Geo. Brown, ap. 25 1554 Hugh Carwin, ap 26 1559 Mat. of Oviedo 27 1600 E. Matthews 28 1611 Thos. Fleming 29 1660 Pet. Talbot 30 1680 Patrick Russel 31 1692 Pet. Creagh 32 1700 Edwd. Byrne 33 1723 Edwd. Murphy 34 1728 Luke Fagan 35 1733 John Linegar 36 1757 Richard Lincoln 37 1763 Patrick Fitzsimons 38 1769 John Carpenter 39 1786 John Th. Troy 40 1787 D. Murray 41 1824 (1 A.) Saint Patrick, ten years after building the Metropolitan church of Armagh, committed it to the care of Bineen, or Benignus, his scholar, who resigned it soon after to Iarlath. He, dying in 482, was succeeded by Cormack, so that St. Patrick saw three of his successors in his see of Armagh, before his death, on the 17th of March, 493. (14 A.) To Thomian, or Tomian, and the other clergy of Ireland, was written that epistle from the Roman clergy during the vacancy of the Roman see, in 639, concerning the time of observing Easier, of which a part is extant in Bede's Ecclesiastical History. (20 A.) In Artruge, or Artry's primacy, the Ultonian territories were much disturbed by the invasions of the Danes. Armagh was for a month in their possession, in 830. (36 A.) Maolbridy, the son of Tornan, or Dornan Comorban to St. Patrick and Columbkille, was of the blood royal of Ireland. His learning and virtues were so eminent as to obtain for him the appellation of the ornament of Europe. In his time, Armagh was thrice plundered by the Danes. (52 A.) St. Malachy, called in Irish Maolmedoc ua Morgair, resigned his see to Giolla-Iosa, or servant of Jesus, strangely metamorphosed by Latin writers into the seemingly Greek name Gelasius, whereby the Irish etymology is almost lost, as is the case with many other names too. St. Malachy, after establishing a monastery of regular canons in Down, undertook a journey to Rome, but died in the arms of St. Bernard, his biographer, in the Abbey of Clairvaux, in France. (1 D.) Of the bishops of Dublin, no regular succession can be at present made out before the time of Donat, the Dane, in 1074. Hestaunus, indeed, mentions the few that are above recorded, before that time. Notwithstanding the silence of our records, it is very probable that St. Patrick, after founding a church there, in 448, established a form of ecclesiastical government for it, similar to that which he instituted in other parts of the island. (2 D.) The illustrious and patriotic St. Laurence O'Toole, was the son of Martough O'Toole, prince of Imaly, by Inghean ee Bhrian, or daughter of the royal house of O'Brien. In 1167, he assisted at a convention of the clergy and princes of Leah-Cuin, or north of Ireland, at Athboy, wherein many laws for the government of church and state were made. St. Laurence animated the inhabitants of Dublin to a vigorous defence against the Anglo-Norman invaders, under Strongbow, until the city was forced to surrender. He next prevailed on Roderic, and the princes of Ireland, to join in a conspiracy against the invaders; but after investing Dublin by land and water with 30,000 men, and 30 ships, the Irish princes were compelled to raise the siege. He, with the rest of the clergy, assisted at a national council, held in Cashel, by order of Henry II. "Having, out of zeal," says Cambrensis, "for his country's service, fallen under Henry the Second's displeasure, Laurence was a long time detained in France and England, by that politic prince." In this latter place, at Becket's shrine in Canterbury, our patriot was attacked by a villain, who, perhaps, wishing, like the murderers of Thomas a Becket, to ingratiate himself with Henry, by a similar act of assassination, rushed on the archbishop as he was saying mass there, and knocked him down with a blow which fractured his skull. He died at Auge, in Normandy, in 1180, and was canonized by pope Honorius the III. in 1225. (80 A.) Archbishop Dowdall strenuously opposed the innovations of Henry VIII. and of his complaisant servant, then the archbishop of Dublin, the well known apostate George Brown. Brown was originally an Augustinian friar, of London, and provincial of that order in England. He was advanced to the see of Dublin, by Henry VIII. in 1535. He was the first Roman Catholic prelate who embraced the reformation in Ireland. Miles M'Grath, archbishop of Cashell, Staples, bishop of Meath, Lancaster, bishop of Kildare, Travers, bishop of Laughlin, and Coyne, bishop of Limerick, afterwards apostatized, and abjured the Catholic religion; Lancaster and Travers were, in turn, ejected from their sees, in Queen Mary's reign; as they, like the other apostles of the _Reformation_, took wives to themselves. Coyne, or Quin, was originally a Dominican friar; M'Grath was a Franciscan before his perversion. (87 A.) Richard Creagh was poisoned in the tower of London in 1585, and his successor, Edward M'Gauron, was murdered in his confessional, by a soldier, in 1598, as is asserted by David Roth, the learned bishop of Ossory, in his "_Processus Martyrialis_." To these illustrious martyrs, we may add the (92. A.) fourth in succession after M'Gauran; viz. the learned and holy martyr, Oliver Plunket, who, in 1679, was taken to Dublin, detained as a close prisoner there, and after being transmitted from thence to Newgate in London, was ultimately drawn on a sledge to Tyburn, that theatre of Catholic martyrdom since the _holy_ Reformation, and hanged, beheaded, and quartered, on the 1st of July, 1681, as may be seen more at large, in the Tripartite Theology of Richard Archdeakin, an erudite Jesuit of Kilkenny, printed at Antwerp, in 1682. (101 A.) Doctor R. O'Reilly, having completed his studies at Rome, returned to his native country, and, in 1780, was consecrated coadjutor bishop to Doctor O'Keefe, the predecessor of the present learned and pious Doctor Delany, in the diocess of Kildare and Leighlin. In 1782, Doctor O'Reilly was made administrator of the arch-diocess of Armagh; and on the death of the late Doctor Blake, in 1787, was promoted to the metropolitan chair of that primatial see. (40 D.) Doctor J. T. Troy was born in the city of Dublin, and was, at an early age, affiliated into the order of St. Dominic, an order which has rendered itself eminently illustrious for adorning the Christian Church with a brilliant galaxy of popes, prelates, and preachers, equally distinguished for their pious zeal in cultivating the Lord's vinevards, as for the purity of their principles and edifying sanctity of their lives. In order to qualify himself for the mission, he went to Rome. There, in the college of SS. PP. Sixtus and Clement de Urbe, he spent twenty-one years. That he attained to literary pre-eminence in the various departments of his under graduate course, is fully evinced by his being twice dignified with the honour of filling the rectorial chair of that celebrated seminary. From this academic retreat he was at last called forth to the active labours of the Irish mission. In 1776, Doctor Troy was promoted to the see of Ossory, then vacant by the death of Doctor Thomas Burke, also a native of Dublin, a member of the Dominican order, and author of the celebrated work called "Hibernia Dominicana." Doctor Troy, in 1786, was translated to the archdiocess of Leinster, and took possession of the metropolitan and primatial chair, in his native city of Dublin, on the 15th February, 1787, leaving the vacated see of Ossory to Doctor John Dunne, who, dying in 1789, was succeeded by Doctor James Lanigan, the present truly religious, learned, and laborious bishop of that diocess. ARCHBISHOPS OF CASHELL. Names. Year of Succession. Cormac M'Cullinan 908 Donat. O'Lonorgan I. 1158 Donald O'Hulluchan 1182 Maurice --------- 1191 Matthew O'Heney 1206 Donat. O'Lonorgan II. 1215 Donat. O'Lonorgan III. 1223 Marian O'Brien 1238 David MacKelly 1252 David MacCarwill 1289 Stephen O'Brogan 1302 Maur. MacCarwill 1316 William Fitzjohn 1326 John O'Carroll 1329 Walter le Rede 1330 John O'Gradag 1345 Ralph Kelley 1361 George Roch 1362 Thomas O'Carroll 1373 Philip de Torrington 1380 Peter Hackett 1406 Richard O'Hedian 1440 John Cantwell 1482 David Creagh 1503 Maur Fitzgerald 1523 Edmund Butler 1550 Roland Baron 1561 James M'Caghwell 1570 Mau. Fitzgibbon, died 1578 Derm. O'Hurlay, mart. 1583 Thomas Walsh, sat 1649 Christ. Butler, Kilcash 1757 Jam. Butler, Dunboyne ---- Jam. Butler, Ballyragget 1792 Tho. Bray, present Archbishop ARCHBISHOPS OF TUAM. Names. Year of Succession. St. Jarlath 540 Edan O'Hoisin 1085 Catholicus O'Dubhai 1201 Felix O'Ruadan 1235 Marian O'Laghnan 1249 Florence Mac Flin 1250 Walter de Salern 1258 Thomas O'Conor 1279 Stephen de Fulburn 1288 Willm. de Birmingham 1311 Malachy Mac Aeda 1348 Thomas O'Carroll 1365 John O'Grada 1371 Gregory -------- 1384 Gregory O'Moghan 1386 William O'Cormacair 1394 Maurice O'Kelley 1407 John Tabynghe 1411 Cornelius -------- ---- John Batterley 1436 Thomas O'Kelly 1441 John de Burgo 1450 Donat. O'Murry 1484 William Shioy 1501 Philip Pinson 1505 Maurice de Portu 1513 Thomas O'Mullaly 1536 Christopher Bodekin 1570 Nicholas Skerret 1583 Flor. Conroy 1629 John Burke 1649 Marc. Skerret, sat in 1756 Phil. Philips ---- Boet. Egan, d. 1798 Edw. Dillon 1809 End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Chronological Table of the Catholic Primates of Ireland, by John Murphy *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CATHOLIC PRIMATES OF IRELAND *** ***** This file should be named 38900.txt or 38900.zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/9/0/38900/ Produced by Michael Gray (Diocese of San Jose) Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. *** START: FULL LICENSE *** THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at https://gutenberg.org/license). Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg-tm License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided that - You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. - You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official page at https://pglaf.org For additional contact information: Dr. Gregory B. Newby Chief Executive and Director gbnewby@pglaf.org Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit https://pglaf.org While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: https://www.gutenberg.org This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.