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Title: 星槎勝覽 Author: Xin Fei Release date: January 3, 2008 [eBook #24143] Language: Chinese Credits: Produced by Jun-Bi Lai *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 星槎勝覽 *** Produced by Jun-Bi Lai 星槎勝覽 ○目錄   自永樂七年己丑,至宣德八年癸丑止,累從欽差正使太監鄭和等往西洋各 國開讀賞賜。凡在公餘之暇,採輯諸番風俗、人物、土產之異,集成事序,詠 其詩篇。   真臘國 東西竺 淡洋 龍牙門   龍牙善提 吉里地悶 彭坑 琉球國   三島國 麻逸國 假里馬丁國 重迦邏   淳泥國 蘇祿國 大㖵喃國 阿丹國   佐法兒國 竹步國 木骨都束國 溜洋國   卜剌哇國 天方國    ○真臘國   其國州南之門,為都會之所,有城周圍七十餘里,石河廣二十餘丈,殿宇 三十餘所。凡歲時一會,則列玉猿、孔雀、白象、犀牛於前,名曰百塔洲。次 桑香佛舍,飲饌必以金盤金碗盛食之。諺云:「富貴真臘也。」氣候常熱,田 禾豐足。煮海為鹽,風俗富饒。男女椎髻,穿短衫而圍稍布。法有劓、刺、配 ,犯盜則斷手足,番人殺唐人則償其命,唐人殺番人則罰其金,無金賣身贖罪 。地產黃臘、犀、象、孔雀、沉香、蘇木、大風子油、翠毛。貨用金銀、燒珠 、錦段、絲布之屬。  詩曰:真臘山岡遠,荒城傍海涯。獸禽多彩麗,人物 好奢華。列塔為奇異,羅盤逞禮儀。夷風聊可採,吟詠感明時。    ○東西竺(其山與龍牙門相望)   山形分對崖峨,若蓬萊方丈之幽。田瘠不宜稼穡,歲藉鄰邦淡洋米穀以為 食。氣候不齊,煮海為鹽,釀椰子為酒。男女斷髮,繫稍布。地產檳榔、木綿 、椰心簟。貨用花錫、胡椒、鐵器也。  詩曰:東西分海境,民物異於常。 果啖檳榔實,酒傾椰子漿。貿椒知價值,織簟貨經商。動我遐觀意,吟哦記短 章。  淡洋(其處與阿魯山相連,去滿剌迦三日之程)  山繞周圍,有港 通內大溪,深汪洋二千餘里,奔流出海之中。一流清淡,味甘,舟人過往汲水 日用,名曰淡洋。田肥禾盛,米粒小,然炊飯甚香。地產降香。民俗淳厚,氣 候常熱。男女椎髻,腰圍稍布。貨用金銀、鐵器、磁碗之屬。  詩曰:清流 甘且淡,奔出海中央。畎畝饒滋味,舟人過汲漿。貿交金辟赤,米小飯炊香。 民俗風淳厚,那知在異方。    ○龍牙門(在三佛齊之西北也)   山門相對,若龍牙狀,中通過船。山涂田瘠,米穀甚厚。氣候常熱,四五 月間淫雨。男女椎髻,穿短衫,圍稍布。擄掠為豪,遇有番船,則駕小船百隻 ,迎敵數日。若得順風,僥倖而脫,否則被其截,財被所劫。泛海之客,宜當 謹防。  詩曰:山峻龍牙狀,中通水激湍。居人為擄易,番舶往來難。人夏 常多雨,經秋且不寒。從容陪使節,到此得游觀。    ○龍牙善提   周還皆山石排壘門,無田耕種,但栽薯蕷代糧,常熟,收堆以供歲月。氣 候多熱少寒,俗樸而淳。男女椎髻,披木綿布。煮海為鹽,浸苧麻根以釀酒。 地產速香、檳榔、椰子。貨用燒珠、鐵鼎、色布之屬。  詩曰:壘石為門限 ,天生在海洋。稻粱全不種,薯蕷亦多藏。海水煎鹽白,麻根釀酒香。雖云風 俗樸,氣候有炎涼。    ○吉里地悶   居重迦邏之東。滿山茂林,皆檀香樹,無別產。馬頭商聚十二所。有酋長 ,田肥穀盛。氣候朝熱暮寒。凡其商船染病,十死八九,蓋其地甚瘴氣。男女 斷髮,穿短衫。貨用金錢、鐵器、磁碗之屬。  詩曰:吉里東南海,居人臥 飽餐。田肥時有穀,朝熱暮生寒。涉險商求利,聞香木種檀。短衫常覆體,形 醜不堪觀。    ○彭坑國(在暹邏之西)   石崖周匝崎嶇,遠如平寨。田沃,米穀盛。氣候常溫。風俗尚怪,刻香木 為神,殺人血祭禱,求福禳災。男女椎髻,穿長衫,繫單布,富家女子金圈四 五飾於頂髮,常人五色珠圈。煮海為鹽,釀椰漿為酒。地產黃熟香、沉香、片 腦、花錫、降香。貨用金銀、色絹、爪哇布、銅鐵器、鼓板之屬。  詩曰: 嗟彼彭坑國,溫和總是春。傷生在求福,刻木慣為神。尊敬惟從長,差科不到 民。焉知施禮樂,立教序彝倫。    ○琉球國   其處山形抱合而生,一山曰翠麓,一山曰大崎,一山曰斧頭,一山曰重曼 ,高聳叢林。田沃穀盛,氣候常熱,男女以花印布大袖衫連褲穿之。其酋長尊 禮,不科民下,人皆效法。釀甘蔗為酒,煮海為鹽。能習讀中國書,好古畫、 銅器,作詩效唐體。地產沙金、硫黃、黃臘。貨用珍珠、瑪瑙、磁碗之屬。   詩曰:翠靄是琉球,遐觀碧海浮。四山高對聳,一水遠長流。袖大復連▉, 髮鬆撮滿頭。土民崇詩禮,他處若能儔。    ○三島國   其處與琉球大崎山之東鼎峙,有壘石層巒,民倚邊而居。田瘠少收,以網 魚於海,織布為業。俗尚樸質。男生拳髮,婦女椎髻,單布披之為衣,不解裁 縫。凡男子得附舶至中國,然罄其資,身歸本處,鄉人稱為能事,尊之有德, 父兄皆贊焉。煮海為鹽,釀蔗漿為酒。地產黃臘、木綿布。貨用金銀、磁器、 鐵塊之屬。  詩曰:幽然三島國,花木茂常春。氣質尤宜樸,裳衣不解紉。 游歸名贊德,賀禮酒頻傾。採吟荒嶠外,得句自逡巡。    ○麻逸國(在交欄山之西)   山勢峻,地平寬,夾溪聚居。氣候稍熱。男女椎髻,穿長衫,圍色布手巾 。田多膏腴,倍收他國。俗尚節義,婦喪其夫,則削髮碎面,絕食七日,與夫 屍同寢,多與並逝矣。七日之外不死,則親戚勸以飲食,或得蘇命,乃終身不 再嫁矣。或至焚夫屍日,則赴火而死,蓋其節義之不改也。煮海為鹽,釀蔗為 酒。地產木綿、黃臘、玳瑁、檳榔、花布。貨用銅鼎、鐵塊、五色布絹之屬。   詩曰:美哉麻逸國,山峻地寬平。尚節心無異,耕田穀倍登。檳榔資咀嚼 ,玳瑁照晶熒。布染花生彩,糖香酒自清。溪濤含蕩漾,海日上高明。蠻土知 仁化,夷民禮義行。    ○假里馬丁國(其地與交欄山相望海洋中)   其地山列翠屏,溪田雖有,米穀少收。氣候常熱。俗甚囂薄。男女髡髮, 竹布為衣。種芭蕉,採其實以代粱。煮海為鹽,釀蔗為酒。地產玳瑁、羖羊。 貨用爪哇布、燒珠、印花布之屬。  詩曰:假里山環翠,民風醜不知。羖羊 行作隊,玳瑁最為奇。答應呢喃語,生成囂薄姿。田收佳穀少,熱候不相宜。    ○重迦邏   其地與爪哇界相接。高山奇秀,滿山皆鹽敷樹及楠樹。內有一石洞,前後 三門,可容一二萬人。田穀亞於爪哇,氣候常暑。俗淳,男女撮髻,穿長衫, 圍摺布手巾。無酋長,以尊年高有德者主之。煮海為鹽,釀秫為酒。地產羖羊 、鸚鵡、木綿、椰子、綿紗。貨用花銀、花絹。其處山約去數日水程,曰孫陀 羅、曰琵琶拖、曰丹重、曰圓嶠、曰彭里,不事耕種,專尚寇掠,與吉陀、亞 崎諸國相通,商舶少能至也。  詩曰:迦邏山奇秀,修程接爪哇。洞深通窈 窕,髻撮甚欹斜。齒長惟尊德,綿多吐細花。如何不耕種,寇掠作生涯。    ○渤泥國   龍山磅礴,地宇橫廣,源田種植,豐登甚利。氣候及夏稍寒,冬月極熱。 俗好奢侈,男女一般椎髻,五綵帛繫腰,花布為衫。其國之民崇佛像,好齋沐 。凡見唐人至其國,甚有愛敬,路有醉者,則扶歸家寢宿,以禮待之若故舊。 煮海為鹽,釀秫為酒。酋長之用,不斂民物,生理自如。地產降香、黃臘、玳 瑁、片腦。貨用白銀、赤金、色段、牙箱、鐵器之屬。  詩曰:渤泥滄海外 ,立國自何年。夏冷冬生熱,山盤地自偏。積修崇佛教,扶醉待賓賢。取信通 商舶,遺風事可傳。    ○蘇祿國   居東海之洋,石奇堡障,山涂田瘠,種植稀簿。民下捕魚蝦生啖,螺蛤煮 食。男女斷髮,頭纏皂縵,腰圍水印花布。俗尚鄙陋。煮海為鹽,釀蔗為酒。 織竹布,採珍珠,色白絕品,珠有徑寸者,已值七八百錠,中者二三百錠。永 樂十六年,其酋長感慕聖恩,乃挈妻攜子涉海來朝,進獻巨珠一顆,重七兩伍 錢,罕古莫能有也。皇上大悅,加勞厚賜金印冠帶歸國。地產珍珠、降香、黃 臘、玳瑁、竹布。貨用金銀、八都剌布、青珠、磁器、鐵銚之屬。   詩曰:蘇祿分東海,居民幾萬家。丸烹圍水布,生啖愛魚蝦。徑寸珠圓潔 ,行舟路去賒。獻珍朝玉闕,厚賜被光華。    ○大㖵喃國   地與都攔礁相近,厥土黑壤,亦宜穀麥。居民懶事耕作,歲藉烏爹之米供 食。商舶風信到遲,則波濤激灘,乃載貨不滿,蓋以不敢停泊也。若風逆,則 遇巫里洋險阻之難矣,及防高郎阜沉水石之危。風俗頗淳。男女纏頭,穿長衫 。地產胡椒、椰子、海魚、檳榔。貨用金錢、青白花磁器、布段之屬。  詩 曰:大㖵喃方險,都欄與結盟。土肥宜稻麥,民懶不耘耕。但有烏爹濟,須防 羅股驚。此邦風俗異,舟舶恣吟行。    ○阿丹國  倚海而居,壘石為城,砌羅股石為屋,三四層高,廚房臥屋皆在其上。用粟麥 。風俗頗淳,民下富饒。男女拳髮,穿長衫。女若出,則用青紗蔽面,布縵兜 頭,不露形貌,兩耳垂金錢數枚,項掛瓔珞。地產九尾羖羊、千里駱駝、黑白 花驢、駝蹄雞、金錢豹。貨用金銀、色段、青白花磁、檀香、胡椒之屬。   詩曰:阿丹城廟石盤羅,黑色滋肥粟麥多。風俗頗淳民富貴,歲華常見日 融和。境無寸草千山接,羊有垂胸九尾拖。縱目採吟人物異,還歸稽首獻鑾坡 。    ○佐法兒國   臨海聚居,石城石屋,壘起高層三五者,若塔其上。田廣而少耕,山地皆 黃赤,不生草木,牛、羊、駝、馬惟食魚乾。男女拳髮,穿長衫。女人則以布 兜頭面,出見人也不露面貌。風俗頗淳。地產祖剌法、金錢豹、駝雞、乳香、 龍涎香。貨用金錢、檀香、米穀、胡椒、色段、絹、磁器之屬。  詩曰:佐 法兒名國,周圍石累城。乳香多土產,穀米少收成。大海魚無限,荒郊草絕生 。採風吟異境,民物互經營。    ○竹步國   村居寥落,地僻西方,城垣石壘,屋砌高堆。風俗頗有淳。草木不生。男 女拳髮,出以布兜。山荒地廣,而多無霖,絞車深井,捕網海魚。地產獅子、 金錢豹、駝雞有六七尺高者、龍涎香、乳香、金箔。貨用土珠、色段、色絹、 金銀、磁器、胡椒、米穀之屬。  詩曰:島夷名竹步,山赤見應愁。地旱無 花草,郊荒有馬牛。短稍男掩膝,單布女兜頭。縱目逢吟眺,蕭然一土丘。    ○木骨都束國   瀕海之居,堆石為城,操兵習射,俗尚囂強。壘石為屋,四五層高,房屋 廚廁待客俱於上也。男女拳髮四垂,腰圍稍布。女髮盤,黃漆光頭,兩耳掛珞 ▉索數枚。項帶銀圈,瓔珞垂胸。出則單布兜遮,青紗蔽面,足履皮鞋。山連 地廣,黃赤土石,不生草木,田瘠少收。數年無雨,穿井絞車,羊皮袋水。駝 、馬、牛、羊,皆食海魚之乾。地產乳香、金錢豹,海內採龍涎香。貨用金銀 、色段、檀香、米穀、磁器、色絹之屬。  詩曰:木骨名題異,山紅土色黃 。久晴天不雨,歷歲地無糧。寶石連珠索,龍涎及乳香。遙看風物異,得句喜 成章。    ○溜洋國   其中有溜山,有錫蘭山,別羅里起程南去,海中天巧,石門有三,遠遠如 城門,中過舶。溜山有八,曰沙溜、官嶼溜、壬不知溜、起來溜、麻里溪溜、 加平年溜、加加溜、安都里溜,皆人聚居,亦有主焉,而通商舶。其八處地產 龍涎香、乳香。貨用金銀、色段、色絹、磁器、米穀之屬。傳聞有三萬八千餘 溜山,即弱水三千之言也。亦有人聚,巢樹穴居。不識米穀,但捕海中魚蝦而 食。裸形無衣,惟結樹葉遮前後也。若商船因風落溜,人船不得復矣。  詩 曰:溜山分且眾,弱水即相通。米穀何曾種,巢居亦自同。盤針能指侶,商船 慮狂風。結葉遮前後,裸形為始終。雖云瀛海外,難過石門中。歷覽吟成句, 慇懃獻九重。    ○卜剌哇國   傍海為國,居民聚落。地廣斥鹵,有鹽池,但投樹枝於池,良久撈起,結 成白鹽食用。無耕種之田,捕魚為業。男女拳髮,穿短衫,圍稍布。婦女兩耳 帶金錢,頂帶瓔珞。惟有蔥蒜,無瓜茄。風俗頗浮。居屋壘石,高起三五層者 。地產馬哈獸、花福祿、豹、麂、犀牛、沒藥、乳香、龍涎香、象牙、駱駝。 貨用金銀、段絹、米豆、磁器之屬。  詩曰:卜剌邦瀕海,無田種稻禾。樹 枝投入沼,碱水結為▉差。自古瓜茄乏,從來蔥蒜多。異香兼異獸,感與一吟 哦。    ○天方國   地多曠漠,即古筠衝之地,名為西域。風景融和,四時之春也。田沃稻饒 ,居民安業,風俗好善。有酋長,無事科擾於民,刑法之治,自然淳化。不生 盜賊,上下和美。古置禮拜寺,見月初生,其酋長及民下悉皆拜天,以為一國 之化,餘無所施。其寺分為四方,每方九十間,共三百六十間。皆白玉為柱, 黃甘玉為地,中有黑石一片,方丈餘,曰漢初天降也。其寺層次高上,如塔之 狀。男子穿白長衫。地產金箔、寶石、珍珠、獅子、駱駝、祖剌法、豹、麂。 馬八尺之高也,即為天馬也。貨用金銀、段疋、色絹、青白花器、鐵鼎、鐵銚 之屬。乃日中不市,至日落之後以為夜市,蓋其日色熱之故也。  詩曰:罕 見天方國,遺風禮義長。存心恭后土,加額感穹蒼。玉殿臨西域,山城接大荒 。珍珠光彩潔,異獸貴馴良。日以安民業,晚來聚市商。景融禾稼盛,物阜草 木香。尤念蒼生志,承恩覽遠邦。採詩雖句俗,誠意獻君王。    ○占城國   永樂七年己丑,上命正使太監鄭和等統領官兵,駕使海船四十八號,往諸 番國開讀賞賜。是歲秋九月,自太倉劉家港開船,十月到福建長樂太平港泊。 十二月,福建五虎門開洋,張十二帆,順風十晝夜,至占城國。臨海有港曰新 洲,西抵交趾,北連中國。他番寶船到彼,其酋長頭戴三山金花冠,身披錦花 手巾,臂腿四腕,俱以金鐲,足穿玳瑁履,腰束八寶方帶,如妝塑金剛狀。乘 象,前後擁隨番兵五百餘,或執鋒刃短槍,或舞皮牌,捶善鼓,吹椰笛殼筒。 其部領乘馬出郊迎接詔賞,下象膝行,匍匐感沐天恩,奉貢方物。  其國所 產巨象、犀牛甚多,所以象牙、犀角廣貿別國。棋楠香一山所產,酋長差人看 守採取,民下不可得,如有私偷賣者,露犯則斷其手。烏木、降香,民下樵而 為薪。氣候常熱如夏,不見霜雪,草木長春,隨開隨謝。供民以煮海為鹽,田 禾甚薄。其國之人,惟食檳榔裹荖葉包蠣殼灰,行住坐臥不絕其口。月日之定 ,但看月生為初,月晦為滿,如此十次盈虧為一歲,晝夜以善鼓十更為法。酋 長及民下非至午不起,非至子不睡。見月則飲酒歌舞為美。酋長所居高廣,屋 宇門牆以磚灰▉砌,及堅硬之木雕琢獸畜之形為華飾,外周磚垣。亦有城郭之 備,練兵之具,藥鏃刀標之屬。其部領所居,亦分等第,門高有限。民下編茅 覆屋,門不過三尺,過者即罪之。一國之食,魚不腐爛不食,釀不生蛆不為美 。造酒以米和藥丸乾持入甕中,封固如法收藏,日久其糟生蛆為佳醞。他日開 封,用長節竹竿三四尺者,插入糟甕中,或圍坐五人十人,量人入水多寡,輪 次吸竹引酒入口,吸盡再入水,若無味則止,有味封留再用。  歲時縱人採 生人膽鬻官,其酋長或部領得膽入酒中,與家人同飲,謂之曰通身是膽。相傳 屍頭蠻者,本是婦人也,但無瞳人為異。其婦與家人同寢,夜深飛頭而去,食 人糞尖,飛回複合其體,仍活如舊。若知而封固其項,或移體別處,則死矣。 如有病者遇食其糞,妖氣入腹,病者必死。此婦人亦罕有者,民家有而不報官 者,罪及一家。番人愛其頭,或有觸弄其頭者,必有生死之恨。  男女椎髻 腦後,花布纏頭,上穿短衫,腰圍色布手巾。其國無紙筆之具,但將羊皮槌薄 薰黑,削細竹為筆,蘸白灰為字,若蚯蚓委曲之狀。語言燕鴻,全憑通事傳譯 。  詩曰:聖運承天統,雍熙億萬春。元戎持使節,頒詔撫夷民。莫謂江山 異,同沾雨露新。西連交趾塞,北接廣南津。酋長尤崇禮,聞風感聖人。棋楠 宜進貢,烏木伐為薪。筆寫羊皮紙,言談能舌人。角犀應自縱,牙象尚能馴。 蛆酒奇堪酌,屍蠻怪莫陳。遙觀光嶠外,頓覺壯懷伸。採摭裁詩句,摅誠獻紫 宸。    ○賓童龍國   其國隸與占城,山地接連。有雙谿澗,水澄清,佛書所云舍衛乞食,即其 地也。目連所居遺址尚存。人物、風土、草木、氣候,與占城大同小異。惟喪 禮之事,能持孝服,設佛事而度死者,擇僻地而葬之。婚姻遇合,情義不忘, 終乖人倫理。屍頭蠻者,比占城害之尤甚,民多置廟,牲血祭之求禳。酋長出 入,或象或馬,一如占城。王扮略同,從者前後有百餘人,執盾贊唱,曰亞曰 僕。地產棋楠香、象牙,貨用金銀、花布之屬。民下編茅覆屋而居,亦如占城 。異其食啖行止狀貌,可笑可嗟矣!  詩曰:海嶠賓童國,雙溪水色清。目 連生育處,佛氏乞游城。地窄居民少,山多野獸鳴。氣融冰不識,日暖草叢生 。喪禮微知孝,婚姻略備情。屍蠻嚐糞穢,妖廟祭犧牲。部領鳴鴉導,蠻酋坐 象行。棋楠從土產,花布恁商營。搜緝遺風俗,公餘仔細評。    ○靈山   其處峻嶺而方,石泉下帶。民居星散,結網為業。田土肥,耕種一年二收 。氣候之節,男女之規,與占城大同小異。  地產黑紋相對藤杖,每條易斗 錫一塊,若粗大而紋疏者,一錦易杖三條。次得檳榔、荖葉,餘無異物所產。 其往來販舶,必於此汲水採薪,以濟日用。舶人齋沐三日,崇佛諷經,燃放水 燈彩船,以禳人船之災。  詩曰:靈山方石嶺,其下有泉流。寥落民居少, 豐登穀米稠。放燈祈佛福,賽願便商舟。藤杖山中出,魚蝦海內求。梵經曾睹 此,今日一遨遊。    ○崑崙山   其山節然瀛海之中,與占城及東、西竺鼎峙相望。山高而方,根盤曠遠, 海之名曰崑崙洋。凡往西洋商販,必待順風,七晝夜可過。俗云:「上怕七洲 ,下怕崑崙,針迷舵夫,人船莫存。」此山產無異物,人無居室,而食山果魚 蝦,穴居樹巢矣。  詩曰:鼎峙東西竺,節然瀛海區。惟愁針舵失,但念穴 巢居。四季樹生果,三餐蝦與魚。遐陬無別產,吟詠亦堪書。    ○交欄山(自占城、靈山起程,順風十晝夜可到)   其山高而叢林藤竹,舵桿桅檣篷箬,無所不備。胡元之時,命將高興、史 弼領兵萬眾,駕巨舶往闍婆國,遭風至於交欄山下,其船多損。隨登此山,造 船百號,復征闍婆得勝,擒其酋長,四國是此知之。至今民居有中國人雜處, 蓋此時有病卒百餘留養不歸,而傳生育也。氣候常暑,米穀稀少,民好射獵為 業。男女椎髻,穿短衫,繫巫侖布。地產豹、熊、鹿皮、玳瑁。貿易之貨用米 穀、五色絹、青布、銅器、青碗之屬。  詩曰:岌業交欄島,叢林擁翠圍。 三春稀黍稷,四景有災威。當腦盤髽髻,披肩掛短衣。熊皮多美麗,玳瑁甚希 奇。使節仍臨蒞,遺氓亦願歸。遙觀瞻山海,得句樂心機。    ○暹羅國(自占城起程,順風十晝夜可至)   其國山形如城,白石峭峻厲。地周千里,外山崎嶇,內嶺深邃。田平而沃 ,稼多豐熟,氣候常熱。風俗勁悍,專尚豪強,侵掠鄰境,削檳榔木為標,水 牛皮為牌,藥鍦等器,慣習水戰。男女椎髻,白布纏頭。穿長衫,腰束青花色 布手巾。其酋長及民下謀議,百物出入錢穀,煮海為鹽產。大小之事,悉決於 婦,其男一聽,可與牝雞之鳴。苟合無序,遇我中國男子愛之,必置酒致待而 敬之,歡歌留宿。婦人多為尼姑,道士皆能誦經持齋,服色略似中國之制,亦 造庵觀之所。已重喪禮之事,人死之時,必用水銀灌養其屍,而後擇高阜地, 設佛事,即葬之。釀蔗為酒,俗以海貝代錢,通行於市,每一萬個准中統鈔二 十四貫。地產羅斛香,焚極清遠,亞於沉香。次有蘇木、犀角、象牙、翠毛、 黃臘、大風子油。貨用青白磁器、花布、色絹、段匹、金銀、銅錢、燒珠、水 銀、雨傘之屬。  詩曰:海外暹羅國,山形似壘城。三春花草盛,九夏稻禾 榮。竟日男安坐,移時婦決行。髻端羅布白,腰下束花青。失序人倫亂,無條 禮法輕。富尊酋長貴,豪俠庶民橫。香翠通商販,海貝如鈔行。蠻戎欽帝德, 金錶貢神京。    ○爪哇國(自占城起程,順風二十晝夜可至其國)   古名闍婆,地廣人稠,實甲兵器械,乃為東洋諸番之衝要。舊傳鬼子魔天 ,正於此地,與一罔象青面紅身赤髮相合。凡生子百餘,常食啖人血肉。佛書 所云鬼國,其中只此地也。人被啖幾盡,忽一日雷震石裂,中坐一人,眾稱異 之,遂為國主,即領兵驅逐罔象,而不為害。後復生齒而安業,乃至今國之移 文,後書一千三百七十六年。考之肇啟漢初,傳至我宣德七年。  港口以入 去馬頭曰新村。居民環接,編茭樟葉覆屋,鋪店連行為市,買賣聚集。其國富 饒,珍珠、金銀、鴉鶻、貓睛、青紅等石、車渠、瑪瑙、荳蔻、蓽茇、梔子花 、木香、青鹽,無所不有,蓋在通商之處也。其鸚鵡、鸚鷊、孔雀,能馴言語 歌曲。其倒掛鳥,身如雀大,披五色羽,日間焚香於其傍,夜則張羽翼而倒掛 ,張尾翅而放香。  民俗好兇強,但生子一歲,則置刀於背,名曰不剌頭, 以金銀象牙雕刻為靶。凡男子自幼至老,貧富皆有,插於腰間。若有爭論,不 通罵詈,即拔刀刺之,強者為勝。設被殺之,藏躲三日而出去,即無事也。男 子猱頭裸身,惟腰圍單帶手巾。能飲酗酒,重財輕命。婦人亦然,惟項上金珠 聯紉帶之,兩耳塞茭樟葉圈於竅中。其喪事,凡其主翁之死,婢妾之眾而對誓 曰:「死則同往。」臨殯之日,妻妾奴婢皆滿頭帶草花,披五色手巾,隨屍至 海邊或野地,將屍於沙地,得眾犬食盡為好。如食不盡,則悲泣號歌。柴堆於 傍,眾婦坐其上,良久之際,縱火燒柴而死,則殉葬之禮也。  蘇魯馬益, 亦一村地名也,為市聚貨商舶米糧港口。有洲聚猢猻數百,傳聞於唐時,其家 五百餘口,男婦兇惡,忽一日有僧至其家,乃言吉凶之事,其僧取水噀之,俱 化為獼猴,止留其老嫗不化。今存舊宅,本處及商者常設飲食、檳榔、花果、 肉類而祭之,不然,則禍福甚有驗也。此怪誕之事,本不可記,尤可為之戒矣 。  杜板一村,亦地名也。海灘有水一泓,甘淡可飲,稱曰聖水。元時使將 史弼、高興因征其國,經月不下雨,舟中乏糧,軍士失措。史、高二將拜天祝 曰:「奉命伐蠻,如天與水即生,不與之則死。」祝之,插槍碱苦海灘,其泉 水隨槍湧出,水味甘甜,眾軍汲而飲之。乃令曰:「天賜助爾。」兵威大振, 喊聲奮殺,番兵百萬餘眾悉皆敗走。遂已登岸,隨殺隨入,生擒番人煮而食之 ,至今稱為中國能食人也。獲囚酋長歸國,服罪放歸,改封為爪哇國王也。欽 遵我朝皇上,遣正使太監鄭和等,節該齎捧詔敕賞賜國王、王妃,及其部領村 主民下,草木咸受天福。其國王臣既沐天恩,遣使絡繹不停,擎捧金筒金葉表 文,貢獻方物。  詩曰:古是闍婆國,曾遭鬼母殃。震雷驚石裂,深穴見人 藏。歡忭皆知異,扶持眾立王。人民從教化,罔象被驅亡。婦女誇家富,男兒 縱酒強。鸚歌時刷翠,倒掛夜分香。婚娶吹椰殼,人隨御竹槍。田疇禾稼盛, 商賈貨財昌。洲上獼猴聚,溪邊祭祀忙。蠻夷遵聖詔,永世沐恩光。    ○舊港(自爪哇國起程,順風八晝夜至)  古名三佛齊國。自港入去,田土甚肥,倍於他壤。古云:「一季種穀,三季生 金。」言其米穀盛而為金也,民故富饒。俗囂好淫。有操略,水戰甚慣。其處 水多地少,部領者皆在岸邊,居屋之用,匝民僕而宿,其餘民庶皆置木筏上, 蓋屋而居。若近溪船,以木樁拴閘,設其水漲,則筏浮起,不能湮沒也。或欲 別居,起樁去之,連屋移拔,不勞其力。此處之民,爪哇所轄,風俗與爪哇大 同小異。地產黃熟香、速香、沉香、黃蠟並鶴頂之類。貨用燒煉五色珠、青白 磁器、銅鼎、五色布絹、色段、大小磁器、銅錢之屬。永樂三年,我朝太宗文 皇帝命正使太監鄭和等,統領舟師往諸番國。海寇陳祖義等聚三佛齊國,抄掠 番商,亦來犯我舟師,被我正使深機密策,若張網獲獸而殄滅之,生擒厥魁, 獻俘闕下,由此海內振肅。  詩曰:瀕海沙泥地,田禾熟倍金。男兒多狠暴 ,女子甚哇淫。地僻蠻夷逆,天差正使擒。俘囚獻闕下,四海悉欽遵。    ○滿剌加國(自舊港起程,順風八晝夜至此)   其處舊不稱國,傍海居之,山孤人少。受降於暹羅,每歲輸金四十兩,以 為納稅。田瘠少收。內一山泉流溪下,民以溪中淘沙取錫,煎銷成塊,曰斗塊 ,每塊重官秤一斤四兩。及織蕉心簟。惟以斗錫通市,餘無產物。氣候朝熱暮 寒。男女椎髻,身膚黑漆,間有白者,唐人種也。俗尚淳厚,以淘釣於溪,網 漁於海。房屋如樓閣,即不鋪設,但有不條稀布,高低層次,連牀就榻,箕居 而坐,飲食廚廁俱在其上也。貨用清白磁器、五色燒珠、色絹、金銀之屬。永 樂七年,皇上命正使太監鄭和等齎捧詔敕,賜以雙台銀印,冠帶袍服,建碑封 域,為滿剌加國,其暹羅始不敢擾。永樂十三年,酋長感慕聖,挈妻攜子貢獻 方物,涉海朝謝,聖上賞勞歸國。  詩曰:滿剌村寥落,山孤草木幽。青禾 田少種,白錫地多收。朝至熱如暑,暮來涼似秋。羸形漆膚體,椎髻布纏頭。 鹽煮海中水,身居柵上樓。夷區風景別,賦詠採其由。    ○九洲山   其山與滿剌加國接境。產沉香、黃熟香,水木叢生,枝葉茂翠。永樂七年 ,正使太監鄭和等,差官兵入山採香,得莖有八九尺長者、八九尺大者六株, 香清味遠,黑花細紋,其實罕哉!番人張目吐舌,悉皆稱贊天兵之神,蛟龍走 ,兔虎奔也。  詩曰:九洲山色秀,遠見鬱蒼蒼。四面皆環海,滿枝都是香 。樹高承雨露,歲久表禎祥。採伐勞天使,回朝獻帝王。    ○蘇門答剌國   古名須文達那,與花面國相接。村落傍海,田瘠少收。胡椒廣產,椒藤延 附樹木而生,其葉如匾豆,其花開黃白,結椒乃累垂如棕櫚子而粒少也。只番 秤一播苛,抵我官秤三百二十斤,價銀錢二十個,重銀陸兩。金抵納即金錢也 ,每四十八個,重金一兩四分。  風俗頗淳。民下網魚為生,朝駕獨木刳舟 張帆而出海,暮則回舟。男子頭纏白布,腰圍摺布,婦女椎髻裸體,腰圍色布 手巾。產鶴頂。其瓜、茄、橘、柚酸甜之果,一種五年常花常結。有一等果皮 若荔枝,如瓜大,未剖之時,甚如爛蒜之臭,剖開取囊,如酥油美香。煮海為 鹽。貨用青白磁器、銅錢、金銀、爪哇布、色絹之屬。  永樂十一年,偽王 蘇乾剌寇竊其國,王遣使赴闕陳訴請救,上命正使太監鄭和等統率官兵剿捕, 生擒偽王。至永樂十三年歸獻闕下,諸番振服。  詩曰:一覽蘇門境,山泉 劃界流。胡椒林抄結,民屋海邊幽。地瘠收禾薄,山高產木稠。三春沾雨浩, 四季瘴煙浮。男子頭纏布,嬰孩體木猴。瓜茄常歲有,桔柚不時收。朝熱渾如 暑,暮寒還似秋。精鹽色霜雪,臭果味酥油。若個夷風俗,中華解此否。    ○花面國   其處與蘇門答剌國接境。遠迤山地,田足稻禾。氣候不常,風俗尚厚。男 女大小皆以黑汁刺面,為花獸之狀。猱頭裸體,單布圍腰。孳生牛羊,雞鴨羅 市。不奪其弱,上下自耕自食,富不驕奢,貧不生盜,可為一區之宜也。   詩曰:蠻域觀風異,融和草木深。山高分地界,物阜慰民心。腰布羞還掩,顏 花墨牛侵。牛羊迷綠野,雞鴨賣黃金。頗富知仁義,雖貧肯濫淫?那堪採夷俗 ,援筆寫新吟。    ○龍牙犀角   其地內平而外尖,下民蟻附而居之。氣候常熱,田禾時熟。俗尚淳厚。男 女椎髻,圍麻逸布,穿短衫。以親戚尊長為重,一日不見,則攜酒持肴而問安 。煮海為鹽,釀秫為酒。地產沉、速、降真、黃熟香、鶴頂、蜂蜜、砂糖。貨 用土印布、八都剌布、青白磁器之屬。  詩曰:遙望茲山勢,龍牙犀角峰。 居民如蟻附,椎髻似猴容。汲海鹽煎雪,懸崖蜜掇蜂。布稍圍體厚,秫米造漿 濃。氣候常同夏,林花不較冬。問安行禮節,千載見遺風。    ○龍涎嶼   此嶼南立海中,浮豔海面,波擊雲騰。每至春間,群龍所集於上,交戲而 遺涎沫,番人乃架獨木舟登此嶼,採取而歸。設遇風波,則人俱下海,一手附 舟傍,一手揖水而至岸也。其龍涎初若脂膠,黑黃色,頗有魚腥之氣,久則成 就大泥。或大魚腹中剖出,若斗大圓珠,亦覺魚腥,間焚之,其發清香可愛。 貨於蘇門之市,價亦非輕,官秤一兩,用彼國金錢十二個,一斤該金錢一百九 十二個,准中國銅錢四萬九十文,尤其貴也。  詩曰:一片平方石,群龍任 往還。身騰霄漢上,交戲海波間。吐沫人爭取,拿舟路險難。邊夷曾見貢,歡 笑動天顏。    ○翠藍嶼   其山大小有七門,中可過船。傳聞釋迦佛經此山,浴於水,被竊其袈裟, 佛誓云:「後有穿衣者,必爛皮肉。」由此男女削髮無衣,僅有樹葉紉結而遮 前後。米穀亦無,惟在海網捕魚蝦,及蕉、椰子之為食啖也。然聞此語,未可 深信。然其往來,未得泊其山下。宣德七年壬子十月二十三日,風雨水不順, 偶至此山,泊繫三日夜,山中之人駕獨木舟來貨椰實,舟中男婦果如前言,始 知不謬矣。  詩曰:浩蕩翠藍嶼,叢林茂不疏。人形其獸類,椰實以瓜粗。 腰掩草微有,頭髡髮竟無。幾番揮筆寫,堪記不堪圖。    ○錫蘭山國   其國地廣人稠,貨物各聚,亞於爪哇。國有高山,參天之聳,山頂產有青 美盤石、黃鴉鶻石、青紅寶石,每遇大雨,衝流山下,沙中尋拾得者。其海傍 有珠簾沙,常以網取螺蚌,傾入珠池內,作爛淘珠為用而貨也。海邊有一磐石 ,上印足跡,長三尺許,常有水不乾,稱為先世釋迦佛從翠藍嶼來登此岸,足 躡其跡,至今為聖跡也。山下有寺,稱為釋迦佛涅▉真身,在寺側臥尚存,亦 有舍利子在其寢處。氣候常熱。俗樸富饒,米穀足收。地產寶石、珍珠、龍涎 、乳香,貨用金、銀、銅錢、青花白磁、色段、色絹之屬。男女纏頭,穿長衫 ,圍單布。  永樂七年,皇上命正使太監鄭和等齎捧詔敕、金銀供器、彩妝 、織金寶幡,佈施於寺,及建石碑以崇皇圖之治,賞賜國王頭目。其王亞烈苦 奈兒負固不恭,謀害舟師。我正使太監鄭和等深機密策,暗設兵器,三令五申 ,使眾銜枚疾走,夜半之際,信炮一聲,奮勇殺入,生擒其王。永樂九年,歸 獻闕下。尋蒙恩宥,俾復歸國,四夷悉欽。  詩曰:地廣錫蘭國,營商亞爪 哇。高峰生寶石,大雨雜泥沙。淨水宜眸子,神光臥釋迦。池深珠燦爛,枝茂 樹交加。出物奇偏貴,遺風富且奢。立碑當聖代,傳誦樂無涯。    ○小㖵喃國   山連赤土,地接下里,日中為市,西洋諸國之馬頭也。本國流通使用金錢 名倘伽,每個重八分。小金錢名吧喃,四十個准大金錢一個,以便民也。田瘠 而穀少,歲藉榜葛剌米足食。氣候常熱,風淳俗美,男少女多,有南毗人。地 產胡椒,亞於下里。乾檳榔,波羅蜜、色布,其木香、乳香、珍珠、珊瑚、酥 油、孩兒茶、梔子花,皆自他國也。貨用丁香、豆寇、蘇木、色段、麝香、金 銀銅器、鐵線、黑鉛之屬。  詩曰:西海㖵喃國,諸番貨殖通。民情應各別, 花木總相同。珠子光涵白,珊瑚色潤紅。何由男與女,混雜自遺風。    ○柯枝國   其處與錫蘭山國對峙。氣候常熱,田瘠少收,村落傍海。風俗頗淳。男女 椎髻,穿短衫,圍單布。其有一種曰木瓜,無屋居之,惟穴居樹巢,臨海捕魚 為業。男女裸體,紉結樹葉或草數莖,遮其前後之羞。行路遇人,則蹲縮於道 傍,伺過方行也。地產胡椒甚廣,富家俱置板倉貯之,以售商販。行使小金錢 ,名吧喃。貨用色段、白絲、青白花磁器、金銀之屬。  詩曰:嗟彼柯枝國 ,山連赤鹵場。穴居相類獸,市集更通商。米穀少收實,胡椒積滿倉。恩宣中 使至,隨處識蠻鄉。    ○古里國   當巨海之要,與僧伽密邇,亦西濰諸番之馬頭也。山廣田瘠,麥穀頗足。 風俗甚厚,行者讓路,道不拾遺。法無刑杖,惟以石灰划地,乃為禁令。其酋 長富居深山﹔傍海為市,聚貨通商。男子穿長衫,頭纏白布。其婦女穿短衫, 圍色布,兩耳懸帶金牌落索數枚,其頂上珍珠、寶石、珊瑚連瓔珞,臂腕足脛 皆金銀鐲,手足指皆金廂寶石戒指,髻椎腦後,容白髮黑,嬌美可觀。其有一 種裸身之人曰木瓜,與柯枝同。地產胡椒,亞於下里,俱有倉廩貯之,待商之 販。有薔薇露、波羅蜜、孩兒茶、印花被面、手巾,其有珊瑚、珍珠、乳香、 木香、金箔之類,皆由別國之來。其能蓄好馬,自西番而來,動經金錢千百為 疋。其國若西番馬來,本國馬來不買,則議為國空之言也。貨用金銀、色段、 青花白磁器、珍珠、麝香、水銀、樟腦之屬。  詩曰:古里通西域,山青景 色奇。路遺人不拾,家富自無欺。酋長施仁恕,人民重禮儀。將書夷俗事,風 化得相宜。    ○忽魯謨斯國   其國傍海而居,聚民為市。地無草木,牛、羊、馬、駝皆食海魚之乾。風 俗頗淳。壘石為城,酋長深居,練兵畜馬。田瘠麥廣,穀米少收,民下富饒。 山連五色,皆是鹽也。鑿之鏇為器皿盤碟之類,食物就而不加鹽也。壘堆石而 為屋,有三四層者,其廚廁臥室待客之所,俱在上也。男子拳髮,穿長衫,善 弓矢騎射。女子編髮四垂,黃繚其項,穿長衫。出則布幔兜頭,面用紅青紗一 方蔽之,兩耳輪用掛珞索金錢數枚,以青石磨水,妝點眼眶唇臉花紋為美。項 掛寶石、珍珠、珊瑚,紉為瓔珞。臂腕腿足俱金銀鐲,此富家之規也。行使金 銀錢,產有珍珠、金箔、寶石、龍涎香、撒哈剌、梭眼、絨毯。貨用金銀、青 白花磁器、五色段絹、木香、金銀香、檀香、胡椒之屬。  詩曰:忽魯謨斯 國,邊城傍海居。鹽山高壘嵂,酋長富盈餘。原隰唯收麥,牛羊總食魚。女纏 珠珞索,男坐翠氍毹。瑪瑙珊瑚廣,龍涎寶石珠。蠻邦成絕域,歷覽壯懷舒。    ○剌撒國   倚海而居,土石為城。連山廣地,草木不生,牛、羊、駝、馬皆食魚乾。 民俗頗淳。氣候常熱,田瘠少收,唯麥略有。數年無雨,鑿井絞車,羊皮袋水 。男女拳髮,穿長衫、婦人妝點兜頭,與忽魯謨斯國同。壘石築土,為屋三四 層者,其上廚爨東廁臥室待客,其下奴僕居之。地產龍涎香、乳香、千里駱駝 ,餘無物也。貨用金銀、色段、色絹、磁器、米穀、胡椒之屬。  詩曰:海 丘名剌撒,絕雨亦無寒。層石壘高屋,狂濤激遠灘。金銀營土產,駝馬食魚乾 。雖有龍涎貨,蠻鄉不可看。    ○榜葛剌國   其處曰西印度之地。西通金剛寶座,曰紹納福兒,乃釋迦佛得道之所。永 樂十年並永樂十三年二次,上命太監侯顯等統領舟師,齎捧詔敕,賞賜國王、 王妃、頭目,至其國海口,有港曰察地港,立抽分之所。其王知我中國寶船到 彼,遣部領齎衣服等物,人馬千數迎接。港口起程十六站,至鎖納兒江,有城 池街市,聚貨通商。又差齎禮象馬迎接,再行二十站,至板獨哇,是酋長之居 處。城郭甚嚴,街道鋪店,連楹接棟,聚貨甚有。其王之居,皆磚石▉砌高廣 ,殿宇平頂,白灰為之。入去內門三重,九間長殿,其柱皆黃銅包飾,雕琢花 獸。左右長廊,內設明甲馬隊千餘,外列巨漢,明盔明甲,執鋒劍弓矢,威儀 之甚。丹墀左右,設孔雀翎傘蓋百數,又置象隊百數於殿前。其於正殿設高座 ,嵌八寶,箕踞坐其上,劍橫於膝。乃令銀柱杖二人,皆穿白纏頭,來引導前 ,五步一呼,至中則止。又金柱杖二人,接引如前禮。其王恭禮拜迎詔敕,初 叩謝加額。開讀賞賜,受畢,鋪絨毯於殿地,待我天使,宴我官兵,禮之甚厚 。燔炙牛羊,禁不飲酒,恐亂其性,抑不遵禮,惟以薔薇露和香蜜水飲之也。 宴畢,復以金盔、金繫腰、金盆、金瓶奉贈天使,其副使皆以銀盔、銀繫腰、 銀盆、銀瓶之類,其下之官,亦以金鈴紉苧絲長衣贈之,兵士俱有銀盞錢,蓋 此國有禮富足者矣。其後恭置金筒銀葉表文,差使臣齎捧,貢獻方物於廷。   其國風俗甚淳,男子白布纏頭,穿白布長衫,足穿金線羊皮靴,濟濟然亦其 文字者。眾凡交易,雖有萬金,但價定打手,永無悔改。婦女穿短衫,圍色布 線錦,然不施脂粉,其色自然嬌白,兩耳垂寶鈿,項掛瓔珞,髻椎腦後,四腕 金鐲,手足戒指,可為一觀。其有一種人曰印度,不食牛肉。凡飲食,男女不 同處,夫死妻不再嫁,妻喪夫不再娶。若孤寡無倚,一村之家輪養之,不容別 村求食,足見義氣所尚也。田沃豐足,一歲二收,不用耘耔,隨時自宜,男女 勤於耕織。果有波羅蜜,大如斗,甘甜香美。奄摩勒,香酸甚佳。其餘瓜果、 蔬菜、牛、馬、雞、羊、鳧、鴨、海魚之類甚廣。通使海貝,准錢市用。地產 細布、撒哈剌、絨毯兜羅錦、水晶、瑪瑙、珊瑚、珍珠、寶石、糖蜜、酥油、 翠毛、各色手巾、被面。貨用金銀、布段、色絹、青白花磁器、銅錢、麝香、 銀朱、水銀、草蓆、胡椒之屬。   詩曰:葛剌宗西域,留傳教不衰。兵戎皆有法,文字悉週知。貨市排珍寶 ,轅門簇羽旗。柱樑雕飾彩,階級引行儀。不飲羞燔炙,平鋪毯陸離。分邊盤 坐處,異廣在餐時。言誓冰霜操,嬌顏玉雪姿。波羅大如斗,摩勒壓連枝。耘 耔何曾用,豐穰只自宜。照臨天廣遠,採拾句搜奇。恩照欽華夏,流風實外夷 。小臣存悃幅,隨表進丹墀。 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 星槎勝覽 *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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