Contents

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H..

I.

J.

K.

L.

M.

N.

O.

P.

Q.

R.

S.

T.

U.

V.

W.

X.

Y.

Z.

A
A (named a in the English, and most commonly ä in other languages).

Defn: The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the first letter (Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The Aleph was a consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel Alpha with the ä sound, the Phoenician alphabet having no vowel symbols. This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel sounds. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 43-74. The regular long a, as in fate, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the quality of ä (as in far).

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in
C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the
scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A
in the treble staff.
 — A sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A
and B.
 — A flat (A) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G.

A per se Etym: (L. per se by itself), one preëminent; a nonesuch.
[Obs.]
O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se Of Troy and Greece. Chaucer.

A
A (# emph. #).

1. Etym: [Shortened form of an. AS. an one. See One.]

Defn: An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and signifying one or any, but less emphatically.

Defn: "At a birth"; "In a word"; "At a blow". Shak.

Note: It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective few or the phrase great many or good many is interposed; as, a dog, a house, a man; a color; a sweetness; a hundred, a fleet, a regiment; a few persons, a great many days. It is used for an, for the sake of euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception of certain words beginning with h, see An]; as, a table, a woman, a year, a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a oneness, such a one, etc. Formally an was used both before vowels and consonants.

2. Etym: [Originally the preposition a (an, on).]

Defn: In each; to or for each; as, "twenty leagues a day", "a hundred pounds a year", "a dollar a yard", etc.

A
A, prep. Etym: [Abbreviated form of an (AS. on). See On.]

1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.] "A God's name." "Torn a pieces." "Stand a tiptoe." "A Sundays" Shak. "Wit that men have now a days." Chaucer. "Set them a work." Robynson (More's Utopia)

2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; — used with verbal substantives in -ing which begin with a consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition an (which was used before the vowel sound); as in a hunting, a building, a begging. "Jacob, when he was a dying" Heb. xi. 21. "We'll a birding together." " It was a doing." Shak. "He burst out a laughing." Macaulay. The hyphen may be used to connect a with the verbal substantive (as, a-hunting, a-building) or the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now for the most part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal substantive treated as a participle.

A
A. Etym: [From AS. of off, from. See Of.]

Defn: Of. [Obs.] "The name of John a Gaunt." "What time a day is it "
Shak. "It's six a clock." B. Jonson.

A A.

Defn: A barbarous corruption of have, of he, and sometimes of it and of they. "So would I a done" "A brushes his hat." Shak.

A A.

Defn: An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter
A merry heart goes all the day, Your sad tires in a mile-a. Shak.

A- A-

Defn: A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies on or in (from an, a forms of AS. on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on foot, abed, amiss, asleep, aground, aloft, away (AS. onweg), and analogically, ablaze, atremble, etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in adown (AS. ofdüne off the dun or hill). (3) AS. a- (Goth. us-, ur-, Ger. er-), usually giving an intensive force, and sometimes the sense of away, on, back, as in arise, abide, ago. (4) Old English y- or i- (corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle ge-, cognate with OHG. ga-, gi-, Goth. ga-), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French à (L. ad to), as in abase, achieve. (6) L. a, ab, abs, from, as in avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix a without, or privative, not, as in abyss, atheist; akin to E. un-.

Note: Besides these, there are other sources from which the prefix a takes its origin.

A 1 A 1. A registry mark given by underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in first-class condition. Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3.

Note: A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.

AAM
Aam, n. Etym: [D. aam, fr. LL. ama; cf. L. hama a water bucket, Gr.

Defn: A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36½, at Hamburg 38¼. [Written also Aum and Awm.]

AARD-VARK
Aard"-vark`, n. Etym: [D., earth-pig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edentate mammal, of the genus Orycteropus, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its long, slimy tongue.

AARD-WOLF
Aard"-wolf`, n. Etym: [D, earth-wolf] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous quadruped (Proteles Lalandii), of South Africa, resembling the fox and hyena. See Proteles.

AARONIC; AARONICAL
Aa*ron"ic, Aa*ron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Aaron, the first high priest of the Jews.

AARON'S ROD
Aar"on's rod`. Etym: [See Exodus vii. 9 and Numbers xvii. 8]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A rod with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the caduceus of Mercury, which has two.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with a tall flowering stem; esp. the great mullein, or hag-taper, and the golden-rod.

AB-
Ab-. Etym: [Latin prep., etymologically the same as E. of, off. See Of.]

Defn: A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies from, away , separating, or departure, as in abduct, abstract, abscond. See A- (6).

AB
Ab, n. Etym: [Of Syriac origin.]

Defn: The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August. W. Smith.

ABACA
Ab"a*ca, n. Etym: [The native name.]

Defn: The Manila-hemp plant (Musa textilis); also, its fiber. See
Manila hemp under Manila.

ABACINATE A*bac"i*nate, v.t. Etym: [LL. abacinatus, p.p. of abacinare; ab off + bacinus a basin.]

Defn: To blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes. [R.]

ABACINATION
A*bac`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of abacinating. [R.]

ABACISCUS
Ab`a*cis"cus, n. Etym: [Gr.Abacus.] (Arch.)

Defn: One of the tiles or squares of a tessellated pavement; an abaculus.

ABACIST
Ab"a*cist, n. Etym: [LL abacista, fr. abacus.]

Defn: One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.

ABACK A*back", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + back; AS. on bæc at, on, or toward the back. See Back.]

1. Toward the back or rear; backward. "Therewith aback she started." Chaucer.

2. Behind; in the rear. Knolles.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: Backward against the mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind. Totten. To be taken aback. (a) To be driven backward against the mast; — said of the sails, also of the ship when the sails are thus driven. (b) To be suddenly checked, baffled, or discomfited. Dickens.

ABACK
Ab"ack, n.

Defn: An abacus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ABACTINAL
Ab*ac"ti*nal, a. Etym: [L. ab + E. actinal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the surface or end opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; — opposed to actinal. "The aboral or abactinal area." L. Agassiz.

ABACTION
Ab*ac"tion, n.

Defn: Stealing cattle on a large scale. [Obs.]

ABACTOR Ab*ac"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. abigere to drive away; ab+agere to drive.] (Law)

Defn: One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves. [Obs.]

ABACULUS
A*bac"u*lus, n.; pl. Abaculi. Etym: [L., dim. of abacus.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements. Fairholt.

ABACUS
Ab"a*cus, n. E. pl. Abacuses ; L. pl. Abaci. Etym: [L. abacus, abax,
Gr.

1. A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used for drawing, calculating, etc. [Obs.]

2. A calculating table or frame; an instrument for performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires, or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China.

3. (Arch.) (a) The uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under the architrave. See Column. (b) A tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.

4. A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of cupboard, buffet, or sideboard. Abacus harmonicus (Mus.), an ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument. Crabb.

ABADA
Ab"a*da, n. Etym: [Pg., the female rhinoceros.]

Defn: The rhinoceros. [Obs.] Purchas.

ABADDON A*bad"don, n. Etym: [Heb. abaddon destruction, abyss, fr. abad to be lost, to perish.]

1. The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; — the same as Apollyon and Asmodeus.

2. Hell; the bottomless pit. [Poetic] In all her gates, Abaddon rues Thy bold attempt. Milton.

ABAFT A*baft", prep. Etym: [Pref. a-on + OE. baft, baften, biaften, AS. beæftan; be by + æftan behind. See After, Aft, By.] (Naut.)

Defn: Behind; toward the stern from; as, abaft the wheelhouse. Abaft the beam. See under Beam.

ABAFT
A*baft", adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Toward the stern; aft; as, to go abaft.

ABAISANCE A*bai"sance, n. Etym: [For obeisance; confused with F. abaisser, E. abase]

Defn: Obeisance. [Obs.] Jonson.

ABAISER
A*bai"ser, n.

Defn: Ivory black or animal charcoal. Weale.

ABAIST
A*baist", p.p.

Defn: Abashed; confounded; discomfited. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABALIENATE Ab*al"ien*ate, v.t. Etym: [L. abalienatus, p.p. of abalienare; ab + alienus foreign, alien. See Alien.]

1. (Civil Law)

Defn: To transfer the title of from one to another; to alienate.

2. To estrange; to withdraw. [Obs.]

3. To cause alienation of (mind). Sandys.

ABALIENATION
Ab*al`ien*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. abalienatio: cf. F. abalianation.]

Defn: The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement. [Obs.]

ABALONE
Ab`a*lo"ne, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A univalve mollusk of the genus Haliotis. The shell is lined with mother-of-pearl, and used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear. Several large species are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the rocks.

ABAND
A*band", v.t. Etym: [Contracted from abandon.]

1. To abandon. [Obs.] Enforced the kingdom to aband. Spenser.

2. To banish; to expel. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

ABANDON A*ban"don, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abandoned; p.pr. & vb.n. Abandoning.] Etym: [OF. abandoner, F.abandonner; a (L. ad)+bandon permission, authority, LL. bandum, bannum, public proclamation, interdiction, bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan to show by signs, to designate OHG. banproclamation. The word meant to proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to give up. See Ban.]

1. To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Obs.] That he might . . . abandon them from him. Udall. Being all this time abandoned from your bed. Shak.

2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to surrender. Hope was overthrown, yet could not be abandoned. I. Taylor.

3. Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without attempt at self- control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ; — often in a bad sense. He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite vice. Macaulay.

4. (Mar. Law)

Defn: To relinquish all claim to; — used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured against.

Syn. — To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign; abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw from. — To Abandon, Desert, Forsake. These words agree in representing a person as giving up or leaving some object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is more widely applicable than forsake or desert. The Latin original of desert appears to have been originally applied to the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb, when used of persons in the active voice, has usually or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor, etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully stand by and support; as, to desert one's colors, to desert one's post, to desert one's principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were deserted, a deserted village, deserted halls. Forsake implies the breaking off of previous habit, association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to forsake the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad sense.

ABANDON
A*ban"don, n. Etym: [F. abandon. fr. abandonner. See Abandon, v.]

Defn: Abandonment; relinquishment. [Obs.]

ABANDON
A`ban`don", n. Etym: [F. See Abandon.]

Defn: A complete giving up to natural impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or ease.

ABANDONED
A*ban"doned, a.

1. Forsaken, deserted. "Your abandoned streams." Thomson.

2. Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ; as, an abandoned villain.

Syn. — Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile. — Abandoned, Profligate, Reprobate. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea of great personal depravity. Profligate has reference to open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or political conduct; as, a profligate court, a profligate ministry. Abandoned is stronger, and has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a man of abandoned character. Reprobate describes the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery. God gave them over to a reprobate mind. Rom. i. 28.

ABANDONEDLY
A*ban"doned*ly, adv.

Defn: Unrestrainedly.

ABANDONEE
A*ban`don*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One to whom anything is legally abandoned.

ABANDONER
A*ban"don*er, n.

Defn: One who abandons. Beau. & Fl.

ABANDONMENT
A*ban"don*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abandonnement.]

1. The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. The abandonment of the independence of Europe. Burke.

2. (Mar. Law)

Defn: The relinquishment by the insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.

3. (Com. Law)

Defn: (a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.

4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon. [R.] Carlyle.

ABANDUM
A*ban"*dum, n. Etym: [LL. See Abandon.] (Law)

Defn: Anything forfeited or confiscated.

ABANET
Ab"a*net, n.

Defn: See Abnet.

ABANGA
A*ban"ga, n. Etym: [Name given by the negroes in the island of St.
Thomas.]

Defn: A West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.

ABANNATION; ABANNITION Ab`an*na"tion, Ab`an*nition, n. Etym: [LL. abannatio; ad + LL. bannire to banish.] (Old Law)

Defn: Banishment. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABARTICULATION Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ab + E. articulation : cf. F. abarticulation. See Article.] (Anat.)

Defn: Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis. Coxe.

ABASE
A*base", v.t. [imp.&p.p. Abased; p.pr. & vb. n. Abasing.] Etym: [F.
abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare ; ad + bassare, fr. bassus low. See
Base, a.]

1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; as, to abase the eye. [Archaic] Bacon. Saying so, he abased his lance. Shelton.

2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to degrade. Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased. Luke xiv. ll.

Syn. — To Abase, Debase, Degrade. These words agree in the idea of bringing down from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to abase one's self before God. Debase has reference to the bringing down of a thing in purity, or making it base. It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase the mind by vicious indulgence, to debase one's style by coarse or vulgar expressions. Degrade has reference to a bringing down from some higher grade or from some standard. Thus, a priest is degraded from the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in character and just estimation; as, degraded by intemperance, a degrading employment, etc. "Art is degraded when it is regarded only as a trade."

ABASED
A*based", a.

1. Lowered; humbled.

2. (Her.) Etym: [F. abaissé.]

Defn: Borne lower than usual, as a fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards the point of the shield.

ABASEDLY
A*bas"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Abjectly; downcastly.

ABASEMENT
A*base"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abaissement.]

Defn: The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled; humiliation.

ABASER
A*bas"er, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, abases.

ABASH
A*bash", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abashed; p.pr. & vb. n. Abashing.] Etym:
[OE. abaissen, abaisshen, abashen, OF.esbahir, F. ébahir, to
astonish, fr. L. ex + the interjection bah, expressing astonishment.
In OE. somewhat confused with abase. Cf. Finish.]

Defn: To destroy the self-possession of; to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit. Abashed, the devil stood, And felt how awful goodness is. Milton. He was a man whom no check could abash. Macaulay.

Syn. — To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame. — To Abash, Confuse, Confound. Abash is a stronger word than confuse, but not so strong as confound. We are abashed when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as, Peter was abashed in the presence of those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers. We are confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually confounded at the discovery of his guilt. Satan stood Awhile as mute, confounded what to say. Milton.

ABASHEDLY
A*bash"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abashed manner.

ABASHMENT
A*bash"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ébahissement.]

Defn: The state of being abashed; confusion from shame.

ABASIA
A*ba"si*a, n. [NL.; Gr. - not + a step.] (Med.)

Defn: Inability to coördinate muscular actions properly in walking. -
- A*ba"sic (#), a.

ABASSI; ABASSIS A*bas"si, A*bas"sis, n. Etym: [Ar.& Per. abasi, belonging to Abas (a king of Persia).]

Defn: A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty cents.

ABATABLE
A*bat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being abated; as, an abatable writ or nuisance.

ABATE A*bate", v.t. [imp.& p.p. Abated, p.pr. & vb.n. Abating.] Etym: [OF. abatre to beat down, F. abattre, LL. abatere; ab or ad + batere, battere (popular form for L. batuere to beat). Cf. Bate, Batter.]

1. To beat down; to overthrow. [Obs.] The King of Scots . . . sore abated the walls. Edw. Hall.

2. To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; toto cut short; as, to abate a demand; to abate pride, zeal, hope. His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. Deut. xxxiv. 7.

3. To deduct; to omit; as, to abate something from a price. Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd hundreds. Fuller.

4. To blunt. [Obs.] To abate the edge of envy. Bacon.

5. To reduce in estimation; to deprive. [Obs.] She hath abated me of half my train. Shak.

6. (Law)

Defn: (a) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with; as, to abate a nuisance, to abate a writ. (b) (Eng. Law) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be abated entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of assets. To abate a tax, to remit it either wholly or in part.

ABATE
A*bate", v.i. Etym: [See Abate, v.t.]

1. To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as, pain abates, a storm abates. The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly abated. Macaulay.

2. To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; as, a writ abates. To abate into a freehold, To abate in lands (Law), to enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes possession. See Abatement, 4.

Syn. — To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish; lessen. — To Abate, Subside. These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some previously raised or exited state. Abate expresses this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or of intensity; as, the storm abates, the cold abates, the force of the wind abates; or, the wind abates, a fever abates. Subside (to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation or commotion; as, the waves subside after a storm, the wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively, the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger abates, the ardor of one's love abates, "Winter rage abates". But if the image be that of a sinking down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word to be used is subside; as, the tumult of the people subsides, the public mind subsided into a calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion subsides, his joy quickly subsided, his grief subsided into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion, we might use abate; as, his joy will abate in the progress of time; and so in other instances.

ABATE
A*bate, n.

Defn: Abatement. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ABATEMENT
A*bate"ment, n. Etym: [OF. abatement, F. abattement.]

1. The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting an end to; as, the abatement of a nuisance is the suppression thereof.

2. The amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon.

4. (Law)

Defn: The entry of a stranger, without right, into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. Blackstone. Defense in abatement, Plea in abatement, (Law), plea to the effect that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.

ABATER
A*bat"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, abates.

ABATIS; ABATTIS Ab"a*tis, Aba"t*tis, n. Etym: [F. abatis, abattis, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr. abattre. See Abate.] (Fort.)

Defn: A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy.

ABATISED
Ab"a*tised, a.

Defn: Provided with an abatis.

ABATOR
A*ba"tor, n. (Law)

Defn: (a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. Blackstone.

ABATTOIR
A`bat`toir", n.; pl. Abattoirs. Etym: [F., fr. abattre to beat down.
See Abate.]

Defn: A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.

ABATURE
Ab"a*ture, n. Etym: [F. abatture, fr. abattre. See Abate.]

Defn: Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing through them. Crabb.

ABATVOIX
A`bat`voix", n. Etym: [F. abattre to beat down + voix voice.]

Defn: The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.

ABAWED Ab*awed", p.p. Etym: [Perh. p.p. of a verb fr. OF. abaubir to frighten, disconcert, fr. L. ad + balbus stammering.]

Defn: Astonished; abashed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABAXIAL; ABAXILE
Ab*ax"i*al, Ab*ax"ile, a. Etym: [L. ab + axis axle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Away from the axis or central line; eccentric. Balfour.

ABAY
A*bay", n. Etym: [OF. abay barking.]

Defn: Barking; baying of dogs upon their prey. See Bay. [Obs.]

ABB
Abb, n. Etym: [AS. aweb, ab; pref. a- + web. See Web.]

Defn: Among weaves, yarn for the warp. Hence, abb wool is wool for the abb.

ABBA
Ab"ba, n. Etym: [Syriac abba father. See Abbot.]

Defn: Father; religious superior; — in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch.

ABBACY Ab"ba*cy, n.; pl. Abbacies. Etym: [L. abbatia, fr. abbas, abbatis, abbot. See Abbey.]

Defn: The dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot.

ABBATIAL
Ab*ba"tial, a. Etym: [LL. abbatialis : cf. F. abbatial.]

Defn: Belonging to an abbey; as, abbatial rights.

ABBATICAL
Ab*bat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Abbatial. [Obs.]

ABBE
Ab"bé`, n.Etym: [F. abbé. See Abbot.]

Defn: The French word answering to the English abbot, the head of an abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.

Note: * After the 16th century, the name was given, in social parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally. Littré.

ABBESS Ab"bess, n. Etym: [OF.abaesse, abeesse, F. abbesse, L. abbatissa, fem. of abbas, abbatis, abbot. See Abbot.]

Defn: A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See Abbey.

ABBEY Ab"bey, n.; pl. Abbeys. Etym: [OF. abaïe, F. abbaye, L. abbatia, fr. abbas abbot. See Abbot.]

1. A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic building or buildings.

Note: The men are called monks, and governed by an abbot; the women are called nuns, and governed by an abbess.

2. The church of a monastery.

Note: In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead Abbey, the residence of Lord Byron.

Syn.
 — Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See Cloister.

ABBOT Ab"bot, n. Etym: [AS. abbod, abbad, L. abbas, abbatis, Gr. abba father. Cf. Abba, AbbÉ.]

1. The superior or head of an abbey.

2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys. Encyc. Brit. Abbot of the people. a title formerly given to one of the chief magistrates in Genoa. — Abbot of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in mediæval times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the Abbot of Unreason. Encyc. Brit.

ABBOTSHIP
Ab"bot*ship, n. Etym: [Abbot + -ship.]

Defn: The state or office of an abbot.

ABBREVIATE
Ab*bre"vi*ate, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abbreviated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Abbreviating.] Etym: [L. abbreviatus, p.p. of abbreviare; ad +
breviare to shorten, fr. brevis short. See Abridge.]

1. To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission, especially of words written or spoken. It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting, another by cutting off. Bacon.

2. (Math.)

Defn: To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.

ABBREVIATE
Ab*bre"vi*ate, a. Etym: [L. abbreviatus, p.p.]

1. Abbreviated; abridged; shortened. [R.] "The abbreviate form." Earle.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.

ABBREVIATE
Ab*bre"vi*ate, n.

Defn: An abridgment. [Obs.] Elyot.

ABBREVIATED
Ab*bre"vi*a`ted, a.

Defn: Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.

ABBREVIATION
Ab*bre`vi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. abbreviatio: cf. F. abbréviation.]

1. The act of shortening, or reducing.

2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment. Tylor.

3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which they are a part; as, Gen. for Genesis; U.S.A. for United States of America.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers. Moore.

ABBREVIATOR
Ab*bre"vi*a`tor, n. Etym: [LL.: cf. F. abbréviateur.]

1. One who abbreviates or shortens.

2. One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form.

ABBREVIATORY
Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening; abridging.

ABBREVIATURE
Ab*bre"vi*a*ture, n.

1. An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form. [Obs.]

2. An abridgment; a compendium or abstract. This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a Christian. Jer. Taylor.

ABB WOOL
Abb" wool.

Defn: See Abb.

A B C A B C".

1. The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.

2. A primer for teaching the alphabet and first elements of reading. [Obs.]

3. The simplest rudiments of any subject; as, the A B C of finance. A B C book, a primer. Shak.

ABDAL Ab"dal, n. Etym: [Ar. badil, pl. abdal, a substitute, a good, religious man, saint, fr. badala to change, substitute.]

Defn: A religious devotee or dervish in Persia.

ABDERIAN
Ab*de"ri*an, a. Etym: [From Abdera, a town in Thrace, of which place
Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.]

Defn: Given to laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.

ABDERITE
Ab*de"rite, n. Etym: [L. Abderita, Abderites, fr. Gr. '

Defn: An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace. The Abderite, Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher.

ABDEST
Ab"dest, n. Etym: [Per. abdast; ab water + dast hand.]

Defn: Purification by washing the hands before prayer; — a
Mohammedan rite. Heyse.

ABDICABLE
Ab"di*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being abdicated.

ABDICANT
Ab"di*cant, a. Etym: [L. abdicans, p.pr. of abdicare.]

Defn: Abdicating; renouncing; — followed by of.
Monks abdicant of their orders. Whitlock.

ABDICANT
Ab"di*cant, n.

Defn: One who abdicates. Smart.

ABDICATE
Ab"di*cate, v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abdicated; p.pr. & vb.n. Abdicating.]
Etym: [L. abdicatus, p.p. of abdicare; ab + dicare to proclaim, akin
to dicere to say. See Diction.]

1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; as, to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy.

Note: The word abdicate was held to mean, in the case of James II., to abandon without a formal surrender. The cross-bearers abdicated their service. Gibbon.

2. To renounce; to relinquish; — said of authority, a trust, duty,
right, etc.
He abdicates all right to be his own governor. Burke.
The understanding abdicates its functions. Froude.

3. To reject; to cast off. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

4. (Civil Law)

Defn: To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit.

Syn. — To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign; renounce; desert. — To Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority; as, to abdicate the government. Resign is applied to the act of any person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister resigns, a military officer resigns, a clerk resigns. The expression, "The king resigned his crown," sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he held it from his people. — There are other senses of resign which are not here brought into view.

ABDICATE
Ab"di*cate, v.i.

Defn: To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or
dignity.
Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for
the monarchy. Burke.

ABDICATION
Ab`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. abdicatio: cf. F. abdication.]

Defn: The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary renunciation of sovereign power; as, abdication of the throne, government, power, authority.

ABDICATIVE
Ab"di*ca*tive, a. Etym: [L. abdicativus.]

Defn: Causing, or implying, abdication. [R.] Bailey.

ABDICATOR
Ab"di*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who abdicates.

ABDITIVE
Ab"di*tive, a. Etym: [L. abditivus, fr. abdere to hide.]

Defn: Having the quality of hiding. [R.] Bailey.

ABDITORY
Ab"di*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. abditorium.]

Defn: A place for hiding or preserving articles of value. Cowell.

ABDOMEN Ab*do"men, n. Etym: [L. abdomen (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F. abdomen.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera. In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda.

ABDOMINAL
Ab*dom"i*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abdominal.]

1. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral; as, the abdominal regions, muscles, cavity.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having abdominal fins; belonging to the Abdominales; as, abdominal fishes. Abdominal ring (Anat.), a fancied ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and superior to the pubes; — called also inguinal ring.

ABDOMINAL
Ab*dom"i*nal, n.; E. pl. Abdominals, L. pl. Abdominales.

Defn: A fish of the group Abdominales.

ABDOMINALES
Ab*dom`i*na"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL., masc. pl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the pectorals.

ABDOMINALIA
Ab*dom`i*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of cirripeds having abdominal appendages.

ABDOMINOSCOPY
Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [L. abdomen + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease.

ABDOMINOTHORACIC
Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.

ABDOMINOUS
Ab*dom"i*nous, a.

Defn: Having a protuberant belly; pot-bellied. Gorgonius sits, abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan. Cowper.

ABDUCE
Ab*duce", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abduced; p.pr. & vb.n. Abducing.] Etym:
[L. abducere to lead away; ab + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf.
Abduct.]

Defn: To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different
part. [Obs.]
If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not
duplicate. Sir T. Browne.

ABDUCT
Ab*duct", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abducted; p.pr. & vb.n. Abducting.] Etym:
[L. abductus, p.p. of abducere. See Abduce.]

1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.

2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.

ABDUCTION
Ab*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. abductio: cf. F. abduction.]

1. The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying away. Roget.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.

3. (Law)

Defn: The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human being; as, the abduction of a child, the abduction of an heiress.

4. (Logic)

Defn: A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only probable.

ABDUCTOR
Ab*duc"tor, n. Etym: [NL.]

1. One who abducts.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median line of the body; as, the abductor oculi, which draws the eye outward.

ABEAM
A*beam", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + beam.] (Naut.)

Defn: On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side.

ABEAR
A*bear", v.t. Etym: [AS. aberan; pref. a- + beran to bear.]

1. To bear; to behave. [Obs.] So did the faery knight himself abear. Spenser.

2. To put up with; to endure. [Prov.] Dickens.

ABEARANCE
A*bear"ance, n.

Defn: Behavior. [Obs.] Blackstone.

ABEARING
A*bear"ing, n.

Defn: Behavior. [Obs.] Sir. T. More.

ABECEDARIAN A`be*ce*da"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. abecedarius. A word from the first four letters of the alphabet.]

1. One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro.

2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet. Wood.

ABECEDARIAN; ABECEDARY
A`be*ce*da"ri*an, A`be*ce"da*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary. Abecedarian psalms, hymns, etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet. Hook.

ABECEDARY
A`be*ce"da*ry, n.

Defn: A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything. [R.]
Fuller.

ABED
A*bed", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- in, on + bed.]

1. In bed, or on the bed. Not to be abed after midnight. Shak.

2. To childbed (in the phrase "brought abed," that is, delivered of a child). Shak.

ABEGGE
A*beg"ge.

Defn: Same as Aby. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABELE A*bele", n. Etym: [D. abeel (abeel-boom), OF. abel, aubel, fr. a dim. of L. albus white.]

Defn: The white polar (Populus alba).
Six abeles i' the churchyard grow. Mrs. Browning.

ABELIAN; ABELITE; ABELONIAN
A*bel"i*an, A"bel*ite, A`bel*o"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel.

ABELMOSK A"bel*mosk`, n. Etym: [NL. abelmoschus, fr. Ar. abu-l-misk father of musk, i.e., producing musk. See Musk.] (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen shrub (Hibiscus — formerly Abelmoschus- moschatus), of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; — sometimes called musk mallow.

ABER-DE-VINE
Ab`er-de-vine", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European siskin (Carduelis spinus), a small green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.

ABERR
Ab*err", v.i. Etym: [L. aberrare. See Aberrate.]

Defn: To wander; to stray. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ABERRANCE; ABERRANCY
Ab*er"rance, Ab*er"ran*cy, n.

Defn: State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude, etc. Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.), the deviation of a curve from a circular form.

ABERRANT
Ab*er"rant, a. Etym: [L. aberrans, -rantis, p.pr. of aberrare.]

Defn: See Aberr.]

1. Wandering; straying from the right way.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional;
abnormal.
The more aberrant any form is, the greater must have been the number
of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated.
Darwin.

ABERRATE Ab"er*rate, v.i. Etym: [L. aberratus, p.pr. of aberrare; ab + errare to wander. See Err.]

Defn: To go astray; to diverge. [R.]
Their own defective and aberrating vision. De Quincey.

ABERRATION
Ab`er*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. aberratio: cf. F. aberration. See
Aberrate.]

1. The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type. "The aberration of youth." Hall. "Aberrations from theory." Burke.

2. A partial alienation of reason. "Occasional aberrations of intellect." Lingard. Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form. I. Taylor.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and dairy or diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.

4. (Opt.)

Defn: The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; called spherical aberration, when due to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a distinct focus.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The passage of blood or other fluid into parts not appropriate for it.

6. (Law)

Defn: The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B.

Syn. — Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See Insanity.

ABERRATIONAL
Ab`er*ra"tion*al, a.

Defn: Characterized by aberration.

ABERUNCATE
Ab`e*run"cate, v.t. Etym: [L. aberuncare, for aberruncare. See
Averruncate.]

Defn: To weed out. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABERUNCATOR
Ab`e*run"ca*tor, n.

Defn: A weeding machine.

ABET A*bet", v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abetted; p.pr. & vb.n. Abetting.] Etym: [OF. abeter; a (L. ad) + beter to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. beita to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel. bita to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See Bait, Bet.]

1. To instigate or encourage by aid or countenance; — used in a bad sense of persons and acts; as, to abet an ill-doer; to abet one in his wicked courses; to abet vice; to abet an insurrection. "The whole tribe abets the villany." South. Would not the fool abet the stealth, Who rashly thus exposed his wealth Gay.

2. To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; — in a good sense. [Obs.]. Our duty is urged, and our confidence abetted. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Law)

Defn: To contribute, as an assistant or instigator, to the commission of an offense.

Syn. — To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment; advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist; support; sustain; back; connive at.

ABET
A*bet", n. Etym: [OF. abet, fr. abeter.]

Defn: Act of abetting; aid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABETMENT
A*bet"ment, n.

Defn: The act of abetting; as, an abetment of treason, crime, etc.

ABETTAL
A*bet"tal, n.

Defn: Abetment. [R.]

ABETTER; ABETTOR
A*bet"ter, A*bet*tor, n.

Defn: One who abets; an instigator of an offense or an offender.

Note: The form abettor is the legal term and also in general use.

Syn. — Abettor, Accessory, Accomplice. These words denote different degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An abettor is one who incites or encourages to the act, without sharing in its performance. An accessory supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor in an offense, nor present at its performance, but accedes to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging, aiding, or concealing, etc., is an accessory. An accomplice is one who participates in the commission of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in treason, there are no abettors or accessories, but all are held to be principals or accomplices.

ABEVACUATION
Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. ab- + evacuation.] (Med.)

Defn: A partial evacuation. Mayne.

ABEYANCE
A*bey"ance, n. Etym: [OF. abeance expectation, longing; a (L. ad) +
baer, beer, to gape, to look with open mouth, to expect, F. bayer,
LL. badare to gape.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.

Note: When there is no person in existence in whom an inheritance (or a dignity) can vest, it is said to be in abeyance, that is, in expectation; the law considering it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a proper owner appears. Blackstone.

2. Suspension; temporary suppression. Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant state, or state of abeyance. De Quincey.

ABEYANCY
A*bey"an*cy, n.

Defn: Abeyance. [R.] Hawthorne.

ABEYANT
A*bey"ant, a.

Defn: Being in a state of abeyance.

ABGEORDNETENHAUS
Ab"ge*ord`ne*ten*haus`, n. [G.]

Defn: See Legislature, Austria, Prussia.

ABHAL
Ab"hal, n.

Defn: The berries of a species of cypress in the East Indies.

ABHOMINABLE
Ab*hom"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Abominable.

Note: [A false orthography anciently used; h was foisted into various
words; hence abholish, for abolish, etc.]
This is abhominable, which he [Don Armado] would call abominable.
Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.

ABHOMINAL
Ab*hom`i*nal, a. Etym: [L. ab away from + homo, hominis, man.]

Defn: Inhuman. [Obs.] Fuller.

ABHOR
Ab*hor", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abhorred; p. pr. & vb. n. Abhorring.]
Etym: [L. abhorrere; ab + horrere to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F.
abhorrer. See Horrid.]

1. To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to extremity; to loathe. Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Rom. xii. 9.

2. To fill with horror or disgust. [Obs.] It doth abhor me now I speak the word. Shak.

3. (Canon Law)

Defn: To protest against; to reject solemnly. [Obs.]
I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul Refuse you for my judge. Shak.

Syn.
 — To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See Hate.

ABHOR
Ab*hor", v. i.

Defn: To shrink back with horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; — with from. [Obs.] "To abhor from those vices." Udall. Which is utterly abhorring from the end of all law. Milton.

ABHORRENCE
Ab*hor"rence, n.

Defn: Extreme hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.

ABHORRENCY
Ab*hor"ren*cy, n.

Defn: Abhorrence. [Obs.] Locke.

ABHORRENT
Ab*hor"rent, a. Etym: [L. abhorens, -rentis, p. pr. of abhorrere.]

1. Abhorring; detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence, strongly opposed to; as, abhorrent thoughts. The persons most abhorrent from blood and treason. Burke. The arts of pleasure in despotic courts I spurn abhorrent. Clover.

2. Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent; — followed by to. "Injudicious profanation, so abhorrent to our stricter principles." Gibbon.

3. Detestable. "Pride, abhorrent as it is." I. Taylor.

ABHORRENTLY
Ab*hor"rent*ly, adv.

Defn: With abhorrence.

ABHORRER
Ab*hor"rer, n.

Defn: One who abhors. Hume.

ABHORRIBLE
Ab*hor"ri*ble, a.

Defn: Detestable. [R.]

ABHORRING
Ab*hor"ring, n.

1. Detestation. Milton.

2. Object of abhorrence. Isa. lxvi. 24.

ABIB A"bib, n. Etym: [Heb. abib, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called from barley being at that time in ear.]

Defn: The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called Nisan. Kitto.

ABIDANCE
A*bid"ance, n.

Defn: The state of abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (with).
The Christians had no longer abidance in the holy hill of Palestine.
Fuller.
A judicious abidance by rules. Helps.

ABIDE
A*bide", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abode, formerly Abid(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abiding.] Etym: [AS. abidan; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig.
meaning out) + bidan to bide. See Bide.]

1. To wait; to pause; to delay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell; to sojourn; — with with before a person, and commonly with at or in before a place. Let the damsel abide with us a few days. Gen. xxiv. 55.

3. To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to continue; to remain. Let every man abide in the same calling. 1 Cor. vii. 20. Followed by by: To abide by. (a) To stand to; to adhere; to maintain. The poor fellow was obstinate enough to abide by what he said at first. Fielding. (b) To acquiesce; to conform to; as, to abide by a decision or an award.

ABIDE
A*bide", v. t.

1. To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I abide my time. "I will abide the coming of my lord." Tennyson.

Note: [[Obs.], with a personal object.
Bonds and afflictions abide me. Acts xx. 23.

2. To endure; to sustain; to submit to. [Thou] shalt abide her judgment on it. Tennyson.

3. To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with. She could not abide Master Shallow. Shak.

4.

Note: [Confused with aby to pay for. See Aby.]

Defn: To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for.
Dearly I abide that boast so vain. Milton.

ABIDER
A*bid"er, n.

1. One who abides, or continues. [Obs.] "Speedy goers and strong abiders." Sidney.

2. One who dwells; a resident. Speed.

ABIDING
A*bid"ing, a.

Defn: Continuing; lasting.

ABIDINGLY
A*bid"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Permanently. Carlyle.

ABIES
A"bi*es, n. Etym: [L., fir tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coniferous trees, properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus.

ABIETENE
Ab"i*e*tene, n. Etym: [L. abies, abietis, a fir tree.]

Defn: A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine (Pinus sabiniana) of California.

ABIETIC
Ab`i*et"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the fir tree or its products; as, abietic acid, called also sylvic acid. Watts.

ABIETIN; ABIETINE
Ab"i*e*tin, Ab"i*e*tine, n. Etym: [See Abietene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A resinous obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether. Watts.

ABIETINIC
Ab`i*e*tin"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to abietin; as, abietinic acid.

ABIETITE
Ab"i*e*tite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the common silver fir of Europe (Abies pectinata). Eng. Cyc.

ABIGAIL
Ab"i*gail, n. Etym: [The proper name used as an appellative.]

Defn: A lady's waiting-maid. Pepys. Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of night curls for sleeping in. Leslie.

ABILIMENT
A*bil"i*ment, n.

Defn: Habiliment. [Obs.]

ABILITY A*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Abilities(#). Etym: [F. habileté, earlier spelling habilité (with silent h), L. habilitas aptitude, ability, fr. habilis apt. See Able.]

Defn: The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill, resources, etc.; — in the plural, faculty, talent. Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren. Acts xi. 29. Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study. Bacon. The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of ability. Macaulay.

Syn. — Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability; efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill. Ability, Capacity. These words come into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers. Ability has reference to the active exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from mental training. Thus, we speak of the ability with which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation carried on, etc. It always something to be done, and the power of doing it. Capacity has reference to the receptive powers. In its higher exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of resources and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the extraordinary capacity of such men as Lord Bacon, Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. "Capacity," says H. Taylor, "is requisite to devise, and ability to execute, a great enterprise." The word abilities, in the plural, embraces both these qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.

ABIME; ABYME
A*bime" or A*byme", n. Etym: [F. abîme. See Abysm.]

Defn: A abyss. [Obs.]

ABIOGENESIS
Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The supposed origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; — called also abiogeny, and opposed to biogenesis. I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of abiogenesis. Huxley, 1870.

ABIOGENETIC
Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to abiogenesis. Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

ABIOGENIST
Ab`i*og"e*nist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One who believes that life can be produced independently of antecedent. Huxley.

ABIOGENOUS
Ab`i*og"e*nous, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Produced by spontaneous generation.

ABIOGENY
Ab`i*og"e*ny, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Abiogenesis.

ABIOLOGICAL
Ab`i*o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. biological.]

Defn: Pertaining to the study of inanimate things.

ABIRRITANT
Ab*ir"ri*tant, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that diminishes irritation.

ABIRRITATE
Ab*ir"ri*tate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ab- + irritate.] (Med.)

Defn: To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.

ABIRRITATION
Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: A pathological condition opposite to that of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia.

ABIRRITATIVE
Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive, a. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by abirritation or debility.

ABIT
A*bit",

Defn: 3d sing. pres. of Abide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ABJECT Ab"ject, a. Etym: [L. abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away; ab + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. Cast down; low-lying. [Obs.] From the safe shore their floating carcasses And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown Abject and lost lay these, covering the flood. Milton.

2. Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope; degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; as, abject posture, fortune, thoughts. "Base and abject flatterers." Addison. "An abject liar." Macaulay. And banish hence these abject, lowly dreams. Shak.

Syn. — Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish; ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.

ABJECT
Ab*ject", v. t. Etym: [From Abject, a.]

Defn: To cast off or down; hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase. [Obs.] Donne.

ABJECT
Ab"ject, n.

Defn: A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; a
castaway. [Obs.]
Shall these abjects, these victims, these outcasts, know any thing of
pleasure I. Taylor.

ABJECTEDNESS
Ab*ject"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A very abject or low condition; abjectness. [R.] Boyle.

ABJECTION
Ab*jec"tion, n. Etym: [F. abjection, L. abjectio.]

1. The act of bringing down or humbling. "The abjection of the king and his realm." Joe.

2. The state of being rejected or cast out. [R.] An adjection from the beatific regions where God, and his angels and saints, dwell forever. Jer. Taylor.

3. A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit; abasement; degradation. That this should be termed baseness, abjection of mind, or servility, is it credible Hooker.

ABJECTLY
Ab"ject*ly, adv.

Defn: Meanly; servilely.

ABJECTNESS
Ab"ject*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being abject; abasement; meanness; servility.
Grew.

ABJUDGE
Ab*judge", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ab- + judge, v. Cf. Abjudicate.]

Defn: To take away by judicial decision. [R.]

ABJUDICATE Ab*ju"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab + judicare. See Judge, and cf. Abjudge.]

Defn: To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge. [Obs.] Ash.

ABJUDICATION
Ab*ju`di*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Rejection by judicial sentence. [R.] Knowles.

ABJUGATE
Ab"ju*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. abjugatus, p. p. of abjugare.]

Defn: To unyoke. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABJUNCTIVE Ab*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. abjunctus, p. p. of abjungere; ab + jungere to join.]

Defn: Exceptional. [R.] It is this power which leads on from the accidental and abjunctive to the universal. I. Taylor.

ABJURATION
Ab`ju*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. abjuratio: cf. F. abjuration.]

1. The act of abjuring or forswearing; a renunciation upon oath; as, abjuration of the realm, a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never to return.

2. A solemn recantation or renunciation; as, an abjuration of heresy. Oath of abjuration, an oath asserting the right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the Pretender. Brande & C.

ABJURATORY
Ab*ju"ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing abjuration.

ABJURE
Ab*jure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abjured; p. pr. & vb. n. Abjuring.]
Etym: [L. abjurare to deny upon oath; ab + jurare to swear, fr. jus,
juris, right, law; cf. F. abjurer. See Jury.]

1. To renounce upon oath; to forswear; to disavow; as, to abjure allegiance to a prince. To abjure the realm, is to swear to abandon it forever.

2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant; to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; as, to abjure errors. "Magic I here abjure." Shak.

Syn.
 — See Renounce.

ABJURE
Ab*jure", v. i.

Defn: To renounce on oath. Bp. Burnet.

ABJUREMENT
Ab*jure"ment, n.

Defn: Renunciation. [R.]

ABJURER
Ab*jur"er, n.

Defn: One who abjures.

ABLACTATE Ab*lac"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. ablactatus, p. p. of ablactare; ab + lactare to suckle, fr. lac milk.]

Defn: To wean. [R.] Bailey.

ABLACTATION
Ab`lac*ta"tion. n.

1. The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts from their dam. Blount.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: The process of grafting now called inarching, or grafting by approach.

ABLAQUEATE Ab*la"que*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ablaqueatus, p. p. of. ablaqueare; fr. ab + laqueus a noose.]

Defn: To lay bare, as the roots of a tree. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABLAQUEATION
Ab*la`que*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ablaqueatio.]

Defn: The act or process of laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water. [Obs.] Evelyn.

ABLASTEMIC
Ab`las*tem"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Non-germinal.

ABLATION
Ab*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ablatio, fr. ablatus p. p. of auferre to
carry away; ab + latus, p. p. of ferre carry: cf. F. ablation. See
Tolerate.]

1. A carrying or taking away; removal. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Extirpation. Dunglison.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Wearing away; superficial waste. Tyndall.

ABLATITIOUS
Ab`la*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Diminishing; as, an ablatitious force. Sir J. Herschel.

ABLATIVE
Ab"la*tive, a. Etym: [F. ablatif, ablative, L. ablativus fr. ablatus.
See Ablation.]

1. Taking away or removing. [Obs.] Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, ablative directions are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth. Bp. Hall.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Applied to one of the cases of the noun in Latin and some other languages, — the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away.

ABLATIVE
Ab"la*tive, (Gram.)

Defn: The ablative case. ablative absolute, a construction in Latin, in which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as, Tarquinio regnante, Pythagoras venit, i. e., Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.

ABLAUT
Ab"laut, n. Etym: [Ger., off-sound; ab off + laut sound.] (Philol.)

Defn: The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation; as, get, gat, got; sing, song; hang, hung. Earle.

ABLAZE
A*blaze", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + blaze.]

1. On fire; in a blaze, gleaming. Milman. All ablaze with crimson and gold. Longfellow.

2. In a state of glowing excitement or ardent desire. The young Cambridge democrats were all ablaze to assist Torrijos. Carlyle.

ABLE A"ble, a. [Comp. Abler; superl. Ablest.] Etym: [OF. habile, L. habilis that may be easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. habere to have, hold. Cf. Habile and see Habit.]

1. Fit; adapted; suitable. [Obs.] A many man, to ben an abbot able. Chaucer.

2. Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill, means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object; possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end; competent; qualified; capable; as, an able workman, soldier, seaman, a man able to work; a mind able to reason; a person able to be generous; able to endure pain; able to play on a piano.

3. Specially: Having intellectual qualifications, or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented; clever; powerful; as, the ablest man in the senate; an able speech. No man wrote abler state papers. Macaulay.

4. (Law)

Defn: Legally qualified; possessed of legal competence; as, able to inherit or devise property.

Note: Able for, is Scotticism.
"Hardly able for such a march." Robertson.

Syn. — Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.

ABLE
A"ble, v. t. Etym: [See Able, a.] [Obs.]

1. To make able; to enable; to strengthen. Chaucer.

2. To vouch for. "I 'll able them." Shak.

ABLE; -ABLE; IBLE; -IBLE *a*ble. Etym: [F. -able, L. -abilis.]

Defn: An adjective suffix now usually in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense; as, movable, able to be moved; amendable, able to be amended; blamable, fit to be blamed; salable.

Note: The form ible is used in the same sense.

Note: It is difficult to say when we are not to use -able instead of -ible. "Yet a rule may be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then, from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex - able only." Fitzed. Hall.

ABLE-BODIED
A`ble-bod"ied, a.

Defn: Having a sound, strong body; physically competent; robust.
"Able-bodied vagrant." Froude.
 — A`ble-bod"ied*ness, n..

ABLEGATE Ab"le*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. ablegatus, p. p. of ablegare; ab + legare to send with a commission. See Legate.]

Defn: To send abroad. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABLEGATE
Ab"le*gate, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.

ABLEGATION
Ab`le*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. ablegatio.]

Defn: The act of sending abroad. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

ABLE-MINDED
A`ble-mind"ed, a.

Defn: Having much intellectual power.
 — A`ble-mind"ed*ness, n.

ABLENESS
A"ble*ness, n.

Defn: Ability of body or mind; force; vigor. [Obs. or R.]

ABLEPSY
Ab"lep*sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Blindness. [R.] Urquhart.

ABLER
A"bler, a.,

Defn: comp. of Able.
 — A"blest, a.,

Defn: superl. of Able.

ABLET; ABLEN Ab"let, Ab"len Etym: [F. ablet, ablette, a dim. fr. LL. abula, for albula, dim. of albus white. Cf. Abele.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fresh-water fish (Leuciscus alburnus); the bleak.

ABLIGATE
Ab"li*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. ab + ligatus, p. p. of ligare to tie.]

Defn: To tie up so as to hinder from. [Obs.]

ABLIGURITION Ab*lig`u*ri"tion, n. Etym: [L. abligurito, fr. abligurire to spend in luxurious indulgence; ab + ligurire to be lickerish, dainty, fr. lingere to lick.]

Defn: Prodigal expense for food. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABLINS
A"blins, adv. Etym: [See Able.]

Defn: Perhaps. [Scot.]

ABLOOM
A*bloom", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + bloom.]

Defn: In or into bloom; in a blooming state. Masson.

ABLUDE
Ab*lude", v. t. Etym: [L. abludere; ab + ludere to play.]

Defn: To be unlike; to differ. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ABLUENT Ab"lu*ent, a. Etym: [L. abluens, p. pr. of. abluere to wash away; ab + luere (lavere, lavare). See Lave.]

Defn: Washing away; carrying off impurities; detergent. — n. (Med.)

Defn: A detergent.

ABLUSH
A*blush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + blush.]

Defn: Blushing; ruddy.

ABLUTION
Ab*lu`tion, n. Etym: [L. ablutio, fr. abluere: cf. F. ablution. See
Abluent.]

1. The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.

2. The water used in cleansing. "Cast the ablutions in the main." Pope.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A small quantity of wine and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the priest.

ABLUTIONARY
Ab*lu"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ablution.

ABLUVION
Ab*lu"vi*on, n. Etym: [LL. abluvio. See Abluent.]

Defn: That which is washed off. [R.] Dwight.

ABLY
A"bly, adv.

Defn: In an able manner; with great ability; as, ably done, planned, said.

-ABLY -a*bly(#).

Defn: A suffix composed of -able and the adverbial suffix -ly; as, favorably.

ABNEGATE
Ab"ne*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abnegated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abnegating.] Etym: [L. abnegatus,p. p. of abnegare; ab + negare to
deny. See Deny.]

Defn: To deny and reject; to abjure. Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.

ABNEGATION
Ab`ne*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. abnegatio: cf. F. abnégation.]

Defn: a denial; a renunciation. With abnegation of God, of his honor, and of religion, they may retain the friendship of the court. Knox.

ABNEGATIVE
Ab"ne*ga*tive, a. Etym: [L. abnegativus.]

Defn: Denying; renouncing; negative. [R.] Clarke.

ABNEGATOR
Ab"ne*ga`tor(#), n. [L.]

Defn: One who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything. [R.]

ABNET
Ab"net, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.

ABNODATE Ab"no*date, v. t. Etym: [L. abnodatus, p. p. of abnodare; ab + nodus knot.]

Defn: To clear (tress) from knots. [R.] Blount.

ABNODATION
Ab`no*da"tion, n.

Defn: The act of cutting away the knots of trees. [R.] Crabb.

ABNORMAL Ab*nor"mal, a. Etym: [For earlier anormal.F. anormal, LL. anormalus for anomalus, Gr. abnormis. See Anomalous, Abnormous, Anormal.]

Defn: Not conformed to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. "That deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. " Froude.

ABNORMALITY
Ab`nor*mal"i*ty, n.; pl. Abnormalities.

1. The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. Darwin.

2. Something abnormal.

ABNORMALLY
Ab*nor"mal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abnormal manner; irregularly. Darwin.

ABNORMITY
Ab*nor"mi*ty, n.; pl. Abnormities. Etym: [LL. abnormitas. See
Abnormous.]

Defn: Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity; monstrosity.
"An abnormity . . . like a calf born with two heads." Mrs. Whitney.

ABNORMOUS
Ab*nor"mous, a. Etym: [L. abnormis; ab + norma rule. See Normal.]

Defn: Abnormal; irregular. Hallam. A character of a more abnormous cast than his equally suspected coadjutor. State Trials.

ABOARD
A*board", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- on, in + board.]

Defn: On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or within a railway car.

2. Alongside; as, close aboard. Naut.: To fall aboard of, to strike a
ship's side; to fall foul of.
 — To haul the tacks aboard, to set the courses.
 — To keep the land aboard, to hug the shore.
 — To lay (a ship) aboard, to place one's own ship close alongside
of (a ship) for fighting.

ABOARD
A*board", prep.

1. On board of; as, to go aboard a ship.

2. Across; athwart. [Obs.] Nor iron bands aboard The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast. Spenser.

ABODANCE
A*bod"ance, n. Etym: [See Bode.]

Defn: An omen; a portending. [Obs.]

ABODE
A*bode", pret.

Defn: of Abide.

ABODE
A*bode", n. Etym: [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide.
For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]

1. Act of waiting; delay. [Obs.] Shak. And with her fled away without abode. Spenser.

2. Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn. He waxeth at your abode here. Fielding.

3. Place of continuance, or where one dwells; abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation. Come, let me lead you to our poor abode. Wordsworth.

ABODE
A*bode", n. Etym: [See Bode, v. t.]

Defn: An omen. [Obs.]
High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true abodes.
Chapman.

ABODE
A*bode", v. t.

Defn: To bode; to foreshow. [Obs.] Shak.

ABODE
A*bode", v. i.

Defn: To be ominous. [Obs.] Dryden.

ABODEMENT
A*bode"ment, n.

Defn: A foreboding; an omen. [Obs.] "Abodements must not now affright us." Shak.

ABODING
A*bod"ing, n.

Defn: A foreboding. [Obs.]

ABOLISH
A*bol"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abolished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abolishing.] Etym: [F. abolir, L. abolere, aboletum; ab + olere to
grow. Cf. Finish.]

1. To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void; — said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.; as, to abolish slavery, to abolish folly.

2. To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical objects; to wipe out.
[Archaic]
And with thy blood abolish so reproachful blot. Spenser.
His quick instinctive hand Caught at the hilt, as to abolish him.
Tennyson.

Syn. — To Abolish, Repeal, Abrogate, Revoke, Annul, Nullify, Cancel. These words have in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act. Abolish applies particularly to things of a permanent nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to abolish monopolies, serfdom, slavery. Repeal describes the act by which the legislature of a state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted. Abrogate was originally applied to the repeal of a law by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to their act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws, ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc. Revoke denotes the act or recalling some previous grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to revoke a decree, to revoke a power of attorney, a promise, etc. Thus, also, we speak of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Annul is used in a more general sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to annul a contract, to annul an agreement. Nullify is an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to nullify an act of Congress. Cancel is to strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something which has operative force.

ABOLISHABLE
A*bol"ish*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abolissable.]

Defn: Capable of being abolished.

ABOLISHER
A*bol"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who abolishes.

ABOLISHMENT
A*bol"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abolissement.]

Defn: The act of abolishing; abolition; destruction. Hooker.

ABOLITION
Ab"o*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. abolitio, fr. abolere: cf. F. abolition.
See Abolish.]

Defn: The act of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling; abrogation; utter destruction; as, the abolition of slavery or the slave trade; the abolition of laws, decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc.

Note: The application of this word to persons is now unusual or obsolete

ABOLITIONISM
Ab`o*li"tion*ism, n.

Defn: The principles or measures of abolitionists. Wilberforce.

ABOLITIONIST
Ab`o*li"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A person who favors the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery.

ABOLITIONIZE
Ab`o*li`tion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To imbue with the principles of abolitionism. [R.] Bartlett.

ABOMA
A*bo"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American serpent (Boa aboma).

ABOMASUM; ABOMASUS Ab`o*ma"sum, Ab`o*ma"sus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ab + omasum (a Celtic word.] (Anat.)

Defn: The fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach omasum. See Ruminantia.

ABOMINABLE
A*bom"i*na*ble, a. Etym: [F. abominable. L. abominalis. See
Abominate.]

1. Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable.

2. Excessive; large; — used as an intensive. [Obs.]

Note: Juliana Berners . . . informs us that in her time [15th c.], "abomynable syght of monkes" was elegant English for "a large company of friars." G. P. Marsh.

ABOMINABLENESS
A*bom"i*na*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being abominable; odiousness. Bentley.

ABOMINABLY
A*bom"i*na*bly, adv.

Defn: In an abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.

ABOMINATE
A*bom"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abominated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abominating.] Etym: [L. abominatus, p. p. or abominari to deprecate
as ominous, to abhor, to curse; ab + omen a foreboding. See Omen.]

Defn: To turn from as ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread; loathe; as, to abominate all impiety.

Syn.
 — To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See Hate.

ABOMINATION
A*bom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [OE. abominacioun, -cion, F. abominatio.
See Abominate.]

1. The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence; detestation; loathing; as, he holds tobacco in abomination.

2. That which is abominable; anything hateful, wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution. Antony, most large in his abominations. Shak.

3. A cause of pollution or wickedness.

Syn. — Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust; aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness. Sir W. Scott.

ABOON
A*boon", prep.

Defn: and adv. Above. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Aboon the pass of Bally-Brough. Sir W. Scott.
The ceiling fair that rose aboon. J. R. Drake.

ABORAL
Ab*o"ral, a. Etym: [L. ab. + E. oral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.

ABORD
A*bord", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Manner of approaching or accosting; address. Chesterfield.

ABORD A*bord", v. t. Etym: [F. aborder, à (L. ad) + bord rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See Border, Board.]

Defn: To approach; to accost. [Obs.] Digby.

ABORIGINAL
Ab`o*rig"i*nal, a. Etym: [See Aborigines.]

1. First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; as, the aboriginal tribes of America. "Mantled o'er with aboriginal turf." Wordsworth.

2. Of or pertaining to aborigines; as, a Hindoo of aboriginal blood.

ABORIGINAL
Ab`o*rig"i*nal, n.

1. An original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.

2. An animal or a plant native to the region. It may well be doubted whether this frog is an aboriginal of these islands. Darwin.

ABORIGINALITY
Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being aboriginal. Westm. Rev.

ABORIGINALLY
Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly, adv.

Defn: Primarily.

ABORIGINES Ab`o*rig"i*nes, n. pl. Etym: [L. Aborigines; ab + origo, especially the first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (ab origine) inhabited Latium or Italy. See Origin.]

1. The earliest known inhabitants of a country; native races.

2. The original fauna and flora of a geographical area

ABORSEMENT
A*borse"ment, n.

Defn: Abortment; abortion. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ABORSIVE
A*bor"sive, a.

Defn: Abortive. [Obs.] Fuller.

ABORT A*bort", v. i. Etym: [L. abortare, fr. abortus, p. p. of aboriri; ab + oriri to rise, to be born. See Orient.]

1. To miscarry; to bring forth young prematurely.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: To become checked in normal development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away wholly; to become sterile.

ABORT
A*bort", n. Etym: [L. abortus, fr. aboriri.]

1. An untimely birth. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. An aborted offspring. [Obs.] Holland.

ABORTED
A*bort"ed, a.

1. Brought forth prematurely.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Rendered abortive or sterile; undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage; as, spines are aborted branches. The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less aborted in their mature state. Owen.

ABORTICIDE
A*bor"ti*cide, n. Etym: [L. abortus + caedere to kill. See Abort.]
(Med.)

Defn: The act of destroying a fetus in the womb; feticide.

ABORTIFACIENT A*bor`ti*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. abortus (see Abort, v.) + faciens, p. pr. of facere to make.]

Defn: Producing miscarriage. — n.

Defn: A drug or an agent that causes premature delivery.

ABORTION
A*bor"tion, n. Etym: [L. abortio, fr. aboriri. See Abort.]

1. The act of giving premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life; miscarriage.

Note: It is sometimes used for the offense of procuring a premature delivery, but strictly the early delivery is the abortion, "causing or procuring abortion" is the full name of the offense. Abbott.

2. The immature product of an untimely birth.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed.

4. Any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured or perfect; a complete failure; as, his attempt. proved an abortiori.

ABORTIONAL
A*bor"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive. Carlyle.

ABORTIONIST
A*bor"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who procures abortion or miscarriage.

ABORTIVE
A*bor"tive, a. Etym: [L. abortivus, fr. aboriri. See Abort, v.]

1. Produced by abortion; born prematurely; as, an abortive child. [R.]

2. Made from the skin of a still-born animal; as, abortive vellum. [Obs.]

3. Rendering fruitless or ineffectual. [Obs.] "Plunged in that abortive gulf." Milton.

4. Coming to naught; failing in its effect; miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; as, an abortive attempt. "An abortive enterprise." Prescott.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: Imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; sterile; as, an abortive organ, stamen, ovule, etc.

6. (Med.) (a) Causing abortion; as, abortive medicines. Parr. (b) Cutting short; as, abortive treatment of typhoid fever.

ABORTIVE
A*bor"tive, n.

1. That which is born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A fruitless effort or issue. [Obs.]

3. A medicine to which is attributed the property of causing abortion. Dunglison.

ABORTIVELY
A*bor"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abortive or untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.

ABORTIVENESS
A*bor"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abortive.

ABORTMENT
A*bort"ment, n.

Defn: Abortion. [Obs.]

ABOUGHT
A*bought", imp. & p. p.

Defn: of Aby. [Obs.]

ABOUND
A*bound", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Abounding.]
Etym: [OE. abounden, F. abonder, fr. L. abundare to overflow, abound;
ab + unda wave. Cf. Undulate.]

1. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.
The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the continent of Europe.
Chambers.
Where sin abounded grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20.

2. To be copiously supplied; — followed by in or with. To abound in, to posses in such abundance as to be characterized by. — To abound with, to be filled with; to possess in great numbers. Men abounding in natural courage. Macaulay. A faithful man shall abound with blessings. Prov. xxviii. 20. It abounds with cabinets of curiosities. Addison.

ABOUT
A*bout", prep. Etym: [OE. aboute, abouten, abuten; AS. abutan,
onbutan; on + butan, which is from be by + utan outward, from ut out.
See But, Out.]

1. Around; all round; on every side of. "Look about you." Shak. "Bind them about thy neck." Prov. iii. 3.

2. In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's person). "Have you much money about you" Bulwer.

3. Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout. Lampoons . . . were handed about the coffeehouses. Macaulay. Roving still about the world. Milton.

4. Near; not far from; — determining approximately time, size, quantity. "To-morrow, about this time." Exod. ix. 18. "About my stature." Shak. He went out about the third hour. Matt. xx. 3.

Note: This use passes into the adverbial sense.

5. In concern with; engaged in; intent on. I must be about my Father's business. Luke ii. 49.

6. Before a verbal noun or an infinitive:

Defn: On the point or verge of; going; in act of.
Paul was now aboutto open his mouth. Acts xviii. 14.

7. Concerning; with regard to; on account of; touching. "To treat about thy ransom." Milton. She must have her way about Sarah. Trollope.

ABOUT
A*bout", adv.

1. On all sides; around. 'Tis time to look about. Shak.

2. In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; as, a mile about, and a third of a mile across.

3. Here and there; around; in one place and another. Wandering about from house to house. 1 Tim. v. 13.

4. Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; as, about as cold; about as high; — also of quantity, number, time. "There fell . . . about three thousand men." Exod. xxii. 28.

5. To a reserved position; half round; in the opposite direction; on the opposite tack; as, to face about; to turn one's self about. To bring about, to cause to take place; to accomplish. — To come about, to occur; to take place. See under Come. — To go about, To set about, to undertake; to arrange; to prepare. "Shall we set about some revels Shak. — Round about, in every direction around.

ABOUT-SLEDGE
A*bout"-sledge", n.

Defn: The largest hammer used by smiths. Weale.

ABOVE A*bove", prep. Etym: [OE. above, aboven, abuffe, AS. abufon; an (or on) on + be by + ufan upward; cf. Goth. uf under. *199. See Over.]

1. In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface; over; — opposed to below or beneath. Fowl that may fly above the earth. Gen. i. 20.

2. Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than; as, things above comprehension; above mean actions; conduct above reproach. "Thy worth . . . is actions above my gifts." Marlowe. I saw in the way a light from heaven above the brightness of the sun. Acts xxxvi. 13.

3. Surpassing in number or quantity; more than; as, above a hundred. (Passing into the adverbial sense. See Above, adv., 4.) above all, before every other consideration; chiefly; in preference to other things. Over and above, prep. or adv., besides; in addition to.

ABOVE
A*bove", adv.

1. In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; as, the clouds above.

2. Earlier in order; higher in the same page; hence, in a foregoing page. "That was said above." Dryden.

3. Higher in rank or power; as, he appealed to the court above.

4. More than; as, above five hundred were present.

Note: Above is often used elliptically as an adjective by omitting the word mentioned, quoted, or the like; as, the above observations, the above reference, the above articles. — Above is also used substantively. "The waters that come down from above." Josh. iii. 13. It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of before, previously; as, above-cited, above- described, above-mentioned, above-named, abovesaid, abovespecified, above-written, above-given.

ABOVEBOARD
A*bove"board`, adv.

Defn: Above the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick, concealment, or deception. "Fair and aboveboard." Burke.

Note: This expression is said by Johnson to have been borrowed from gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put their hands under the table.

ABOVE-CITED
A*bove"-cit`ed, a.

Defn: Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.

ABOVEDECK
A*bove"deck`, a.

Defn: On deck; and hence, like aboveboard, without artifice. Smart.

ABOVE-MENTIONED; ABOVE-NAMED
A*bove"-men`tioned, A*bove"-named`(#), a.

Defn: Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.

ABOVESAID
A*bove"said`, a.

Defn: Mentioned or recited before.

ABOX
A*box", adv. & a. (Naut.)

Defn: Braced aback.

ABRA
A"bra, n. [Sp., a bay, valley, fissure.]

Defn: A narrow pass or defile; a break in a mesa; the mouth of a cañon. [Southwestern U. S.]

ABRACADABRA
Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra, n. Etym: [L. Of unknown origin.]

Defn: A mystical word or collocation of letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon.

ABRADANT
Ab*ra"dant, n.

Defn: A material used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.

ABRADE
Ab*rade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Abrading.]
Etym: [L. abradere, abrasum, to scrape off; ab + radere to scrape.
See Rase, Raze.]

Defn: To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; as, to abrade rocks. Lyell.

ABRADE
A*brade", v. t.

Defn: Same as Abraid. [Obs.]

ABRAHAMIC
A`bra*ham"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch; as, the Abrahamic covenant.

ABRAHAMITIC; ABRAHAMITICAL
A`bra*ham*it"ic, A`bra*ham*it*ic*al(#), a.

Defn: Relating to the patriarch Abraham.

ABRAHAM-MAN; ABRAM-MAN
A"bra*ham-man`(#) or A"bram-man`(#), n. Etym: [Possibly in allusion
to the parable of the beggar Lazarus in Luke xvi. Murray (New Eng.
Dict. ).]

Defn: One of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England, feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms. Nares. To sham Abraham, to feign sickness. Goldsmith.

ABRAID
A*braid", v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. abraiden, to awake, draw (a sword),
AS. abredgan to shake, draw; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig.
meaning out) + bregdan to shake, throw. See Braid.]

Defn: To awake; to arouse; to stir or start up; also, to shout out.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

ABRANCHIAL
A*bran"chi*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Abranchiate.

ABRANCHIATA
A*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of annelids, so called because the species composing it have no special organs of respiration.

ABRANCHIATE
A*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without gills.

ABRASE
Ab*rase", a. Etym: [L. abrasus, p. p. of abradere. See Abrade.]

Defn: Rubbed smooth. [Obs.] "An abrase table." B. Jonson.

ABRASION
Ab*ra"sion, n. Etym: [L. abrasio, fr. abradere. See Abrade.]

1. The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; as, the abrasion of coins.

2. The substance rubbed off. Berkeley.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the form of small shreds. Dunglison.

ABRASIVE
Ab*ra"sive, a.

Defn: Producing abrasion. Ure.

ABRAUM; ABRAUM SALTS
A*braum" or A*braum" salts, n. Etym: [Ger., fr. abräumen to remove.]

Defn: A red ocher used to darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.

ABRAXAS A*brax"as, n. Etym: [A name adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek letters , , , , , , , which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of his system.]

Defn: A mystical word used as a charm and engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus engraved.

ABRAY
A*bray", v. Etym: [A false form from the preterit abraid, abrayde.]

Defn: See Abraid. [Obs.] Spenser.

ABREACTION
Ab`re*ac"tion, n. [Pref. ab-+ reaction, after G. Abreagirung.]
(Psychotherapy)

Defn: See Catharsis, below.

ABREAST
A*breast", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + breast.]

1. Side by side, with breasts in a line; as, "Two men could hardly walk abreast." Macaulay.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; — with of.

3. Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced; as, to keep abreast of [or with] the present state of science.

4. At the same time; simultaneously. [Obs.] Abreast therewith began a convocation. Fuller.

ABREGGE
A*breg"ge, v. t.

Defn: See Abridge. [Obs.]

ABRENOUNCE
Ab`re*nounce", v. t. Etym: [L. abrenuntiare; ab + renuntiare. See
Renounce.]

Defn: To renounce. [Obs.] "They abrenounce and cast them off."
Latimer.

ABRENUNCIATION
Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. abrenuntiatio. See Abrenounce.]

Defn: Absolute renunciation or repudiation. [Obs.] An abrenunciation of that truth which he so long had professed, and still believed. Fuller.

ABREPTION Ab*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. abreptus, p. p. of abripere to snatch away; ab + rapere to snatch.]

Defn: A snatching away. [Obs.]

ABREUVOIR
A`breu`voir", n. Etym: [F., a watering place.] (Masonry)

Defn: The joint or interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar. Gwilt.

ABRICOCK
A"bri*cock, n.

Defn: See Apricot. [Obs.]

ABRIDGE
A*bridge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abridged; p. pr. & vb. n. Abridging.]
Etym: [OE. abregen, OF. abregier, F. abréger, fr. L. abbreviare; ad +
brevis short. See Brief and cf. Abbreviate.]

1. To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to diminish; to curtail; as, to abridge labor; to abridge power or rights. "The bridegroom . . . abridged his visit." Smollett. She retired herself to Sebaste, and abridged her train from state to necessity. Fuller.

2. To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; as, to abridge a history or dictionary.

3. To deprive; to cut off; — followed by of, and formerly by from; as, to abridge one of his rights.

ABRIDGER
A*bridg"er, n.

Defn: One who abridges.

ABRIDGMENT
A*bridg"ment, n. Etym: [OE. abregement. See Abridge.]

1. The act abridging, or the state of being abridged; diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; as, an abridgment of pleasures or of expenses.

2. An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation. Ancient coins as abridgments of history. Addison.

3. That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an entertainment that makes the time pass quickly. [Obs.] What abridgment have you for this evening What mask What music Shak.

Syn. — Abridgment, Compendium, Epitome, Abstract, Synopsis. An abridgment is made by omitting the less important parts of some larger work; as, an abridgment of a dictionary. A compendium is a brief exhibition of a subject, or science, for common use; as, a compendium of American literature. An epitome corresponds to a compendium, and gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an epitome of history. An abstract is a brief statement of a thing in its main points. A synopsis is a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several parts.

ABROACH
A*broach", v. t. Etym: [OE. abrochen, OF. abrochier. See Broach.]

Defn: To set abroach; to let out, as liquor; to broach; to tap.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

ABROACH
A*broach", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + broach.]

1. Broached; in a condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is tapped. Hogsheads of ale were set abroach. Sir W. Scott.

2. Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated; afoot; astir. "Mischiefs that I set abroach." Shak.

ABROAD
A*broad", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + broad.]

1. At large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; as, a tree spreads its branches abroad. The fox roams far abroad. Prior.

2. Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's abode; as, to walk abroad. I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court abroad. Evelyn.

3. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries; as, we have broils at home and enemies abroad. "Another prince . . . was living abroad." Macaulay.

4. Before the public at large; throughout society or the world; here and there; widely. He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze abroad the matter. Mark i. 45. To be abroad. (a) To be wide of the mark; to be at fault; as, you are all abroad in your guess. (b) To be at a loss or nonplused.

ABROGABLE
Ab"ro*ga*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being abrogated.

ABROGATE
Ab"ro*gate, a. Etym: [L. abrogatus, p. p.]

Defn: Abrogated; abolished. [Obs.] Latimer.

ABROGATE
Ab"ro*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abrogated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abrogating.] Etym: [L. abrogatus, p. p. of abrogare; ab + rogare to
ask, require, propose. See Rogation.]

1. To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; to repeal; — applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc. Let us see whether the New Testament abrogates what we so frequently see in the Old. South. Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not alter or abrogate. Burke.

2. To put an end to; to do away with. Shak.

Syn. — To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke; repeal; cancel; annihilate. See Abolish.

ABROGATION Ab`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. abrogatio, fr. abrogare: cf. F. abrogation.]

Defn: The act of abrogating; repeal by authority. Hume.

ABROGATIVE
Ab"ro*ga*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or designed to abrogate; as, an abrogative law.

ABROGATOR
Ab"ro*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who repeals by authority.

ABROOD
A*brood", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + brood.]

Defn: In the act of brooding. [Obs.] Abp. Sancroft.

ABROOK
A*brook", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + brook, v.]

Defn: To brook; to endure. [Obs.] Shak.

ABRUPT Ab*rupt", a. Etym: [L. abruptus, p. p. of abrumpere to break off; ab + rumpere to break. See Rupture.]

1. Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks, precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; as, abrupt places. "Tumbling through ricks abrupt," Thomson.

2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. "The cause of your abrupt departure." Shak.

3. Having sudden transitions from one subject to another; unconnected. The abrupt style, which hath many breaches. B. Jonson.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Suddenly terminating, as if cut off. Gray.

Syn. — Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt; unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.

ABRUPT
Ab*rupt", n. Etym: [L. abruptum.]

Defn: An abrupt place. [Poetic]
"Over the vast abrupt." Milton.

ABRUPT
Ab*rupt", v. t.

Defn: To tear off or asunder. [Obs.] "Till death abrupts them." Sir
T. Browne.

ABRUPTION
Ab*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. abruptio, fr. abrumpere: cf. F. abruption.]

Defn: A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies.
Woodward.

ABRUPTLY
Ab*rupt"ly, adv.

1. In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly.

2. Precipitously. Abruptly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end. Gray.

ABRUPTNESS
Ab*rupt"ness, n.

1. The state of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness; steepness.

2. Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence; as, abruptness of style or manner.

ABSCESS Ab"scess, n.; pl. Abscesses. Etym: [L. abscessus a going away, gathering of humors, abscess, fr. abscessus, p. p. of absedere to go away; ab, abs + cedere to go off, retire. See Cede.] (Med.)

Defn: A collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of the body, the result of a morbid process. Cold abscess, an abscess of slow formation, unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency towards healing; a chronic abscess.

ABSCESSION
Ab*sces"sion, n. Etym: [L. abscessio a separation; fr. absedere. See
Abscess.]

Defn: A separating; removal; also, an abscess. [Obs.] Gauden.
Barrough.

ABSCIND
Ab*scind", v. t. Etym: [L. absindere; ab + scindere to rend, cut. See
Schism.]

Defn: To cut off. [R.] "Two syllables . . . abscinded from the rest."
Johnson.

ABSCISION
Ab*sci"sion, n. Etym: [L. abscisio.]

Defn: See Abscission.

ABSCISS
Ab"sciss, n.; pl. Abscisses.

Defn: See Abscissa.

ABSCISSA Ab*scis"sa, n.; E. pl. Abscissas, L. pl. Abscissæ. Etym: [L., fem. of abscissus, p. p. of absindere to cut of. See Abscind.] (Geom.)

Defn: One of the elements of reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed rectilineal coördinate axes.

Note: When referred to two intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the abscissa of the point is the distance cut off from the axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a common intersection, the abscissa may be the distance measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are called coördinates. — OX or PY is the abscissa of the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates respectively, and the point O their origin.

ABSCISSION
Ab*scis"sion, n. Etym: [L. abscissio. See Abscind.]

1. The act or process of cutting off. "Not to be cured without the abscission of a member." Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being cut off. Sir T. Browne.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech employed when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus, "He is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such generosity — but I need say no more."

ABSCOND
Ab*scond", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Absconded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Absconding.] Etym: [L. abscondere to hide; ab, abs + condere to lay
up; con + dare (only in comp.) to put. Cf. Do.]

1. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed. The marmot absconds all winter. Ray.

2. To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self; — used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; as, an absconding debtor. That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so many recruits to abscond. Macaulay.

ABSCOND
Ab*scond", v. t.

Defn: To hide; to conceal. [Obs.] Bentley.

ABSCONDENCE
Ab*scond"ence, n.

Defn: Fugitive concealment; secret retirement; hiding. [R.] Phillips.

ABSCONDER
Ab*scond"er, n.

Defn: One who absconds.

ABSENCE
Ab"sence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. absentia. See Absent.]

1. A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from companionship; — opposed to presence. Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence. Phil. ii. 12.

2. Want; destitution; withdrawal. "In the absence of conventional law." Kent.

3. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind); as, absence of mind. "Reflecting on the little absences and distractions of mankind." Addison. To conquer that abstraction which is called absence. Landor.

ABSENT Ab"sent, a. Etym: [F., fr. absens, absentis, p. pr. of abesse to be away from; ab + esse to be. Cf. Sooth.]

1. Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present. "Expecting absent friends." Shak.

2. Not existing; lacking; as, the part was rudimental or absent.

3. Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied; as, an absent air. What is commonly called an absent man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man. Chesterfield.

Syn. — Absent, Abstracted. These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding objects. We speak of a man as absent when his thoughts wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse; we speak of him as abstracted when his mind (usually for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some weighty matter for reflection. Absence of mind is usually the result of loose habits of thought; abstraction commonly arises either from engrossing interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of association.

ABSENT
Ab*sent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absented; p. pr. & vb. n. Absenting.]
Etym: [Cf. F. absenter.]

1. To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; — used with the reflexive pronoun. If after due summons any member absents himself, he is to be fined. Addison.

2. To withhold from being present. [Obs.] "Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more." Milton.

ABSENTANEOUS
Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [LL. absentaneus. See absent]

Defn: Pertaining to absence. [Obs.]

ABSENTATION
Ab`sen*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of absenting one's self. Sir W. Hamilton.

ABSENTEE
Ab`sen*tee", n.

Defn: One who absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty; especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district than that where his estate is situated; as, an Irish absentee. Macaulay.

ABSENTEEISM
Ab`sen*tee"ism, n.

Defn: The state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting one's self from the country or district where one's estate is situated.

ABSENTER
Ab*sent"er, n.

Defn: One who absents one's self.

ABSENTLY
Ab"sent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an absent or abstracted manner.

ABSENTMENT
Ab*sent"ment, n.

Defn: The state of being absent; withdrawal. [R.] Barrow.

ABSENT-MINDED
Ab`sent-mind"ed(#), a.

Defn: Absent in mind; abstracted; preoccupied.
 — Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness, n.
 — Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly, adv.

ABSENTNESS
Ab"sent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being absent-minded. H. Miller.

ABSEY-BOOK
Ab"sey-book`(#), n.

Defn: An A-B-C book; a primer. [Obs.] Shak.

ABSINTHATE
Ab"sin"thate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of absinthic acid with a base or positive radical.

ABSINTHE; ABSINTH
Ab"sinthe`, Ab"sinth`, n. Etym: [F. absinthe. See Absinthium.]

1. The plant absinthium or common wormwood.

2. A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood and brandy or alcohol.

ABSINTHIAL
Ab*sin"thi*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.

ABSINTHIAN
Ab*sin"thi*an, n.

Defn: Of the nature of wormwood. "Absinthian bitterness." T.
Randolph.

ABSINTHIATE Ab"sin"thi*ate, v. t. Etym: [From L. absinthium: cf. L. absinthiatus, a.]

Defn: To impregnate with wormwood.

ABSINTHIATED
Ab*sin"thi*a`ted, a.

Defn: Impregnated with wormwood; as, absinthiated wine.

ABSINTHIC
Ab*sin"thic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Relating to the common wormwood or to an acid obtained from it.

ABSINTHIN
Ab*sin"thin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The bitter principle of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Watts.

ABSINTHISM
Ab"sin*thism, n.

Defn: The condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of absinth.

ABSINTHIUM
Ab*sin"thi*um, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The common wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), an intensely bitter plant, used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.

ABSIS
Ab"sis, n.

Defn: See Apsis.

ABSIST Ab*sist", v. i. Etym: [L. absistere, p. pr. absistens; ab + sistere to stand, causal of stare.]

Defn: To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist. [Obs.] Raleigh.

ABSISTENCE
Ab*sist"ence, n.

Defn: A standing aloof. [Obs.]

ABSOLUTE Ab"so*lute, a. Etym: [L. absolutus, p. p. of absolvere: cf. F. absolu. See Absolve.]

1. Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled; unrestricted; unconditional; as, absolute authority, monarchy, sovereignty, an absolute promise or command; absolute power; an absolute monarch.

2. Complete in itself; perfect; consummate; faultless; as, absolute perfection; absolute beauty. So absolute she seems, And in herself complete. Milton.

3. Viewed apart from modifying influences or without comparison with other objects; actual; real; — opposed to relative and comparative; as, absolute motion; absolute time or space.

Note: Absolute rights and duties are such as pertain to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from relative rights and duties, or such as pertain to him in his social relations.

4. Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on any other being; self-existent; self-sufficing.

Note: In this sense God is called the Absolute by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually depending forces and their laws.

5. Capable of being thought or conceived by itself alone; unconditioned; non-relative.

Note: It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term, in this sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or abstraction, or whether the absolute, as thus defined, can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect. To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the recent philosophy of the absolute. Sir W. Hamilton.

6. Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful. [R.] I am absolute 't was very Cloten. Shak.

7. Authoritative; peremptory. [R.] The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head, With absolute forefinger, brown and ringed. Mrs. Browning.

8. (Chem.)

Defn: Pure; unmixed; as, absolute alcohol.

9. (Gram.)

Defn: Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence in government; as, the case absolute. See Ablative absolute, under Ablative. Absolute curvature (Geom.), that curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in the osculating plane of the curve. — Absolute equation (Astron.), the sum of the optic and eccentric equations. — Absolute space (Physics), space considered without relation to material limits or objects. — Absolute terms. (Alg.), such as are known, or which do not contain the unknown quantity. Davies & Peck. — Absolute temperature (Physics), the temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general thermo-dynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute zero. — Absolute zero (Physics), the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute temperature. It is equivalent to -273º centigrade or -459.4º Fahrenheit.

Syn. — Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic; autocratic.

ABSOLUTE
Ab"so*lute, n. (Geom.)

Defn: In a plane, the two imaginary circular points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary circle at infinity.

ABSOLUTELY
Ab"so*lute*ly, adv.

Defn: In an absolute, independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively.

ABSOLUTENESS
Ab"so*lute*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness; absolute power; independent reality; positiveness.

ABSOLUTION Ab`so*lu"tion, n. Etym: [F. absolution, L. absolutio, fr. absolvere to absolve. See Absolve.]

1. An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. "Government . . . granting absolution to the nation." Froude.

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring and accused person innocent. [Obs.]

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The exercise of priestly jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven.

Note: In the English and other Protestant churches, this act regarded as simply declaratory, not as imparting forgiveness.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: An absolving from ecclesiastical penalties, — for example, excommunication. P. Cyc.

5. The form of words by which a penitent is absolved. Shipley.

6. Delivery, in speech. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Absolution day (R. C. Ch.), Tuesday before Easter.

ABSOLUTISM
Ab"so*lu`tism, n.

1. The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; despotism. The element of absolutism and prelacy was controlling. Palfrey.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Doctrine of absolute decrees. Ash.

ABSOLUTIST
Ab"so*lu`tist, n.

1. One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of the absolute. Sir. W. Hamilton.

ABSOLUTIST
Ab"so*lu`tist, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; as, absolutist principles.

ABSOLUTISTIC
Ab`so*lu*tis"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.

ABSOLUTORY
Ab*sol"u*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. absolutorius, fr. absolvere to absolve.]

Defn: Serving to absolve; absolving. "An absolutory sentence."
Ayliffe.

ABSOLVABLE
Ab*solv"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be absolved.

ABSOLVATORY
Ab*solv"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Conferring absolution; absolutory.

ABSOLVE
Ab*solve" (#; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absolved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Absolving.] Etym: [L. absolvere to set free, to absolve; ab + solvere
to loose. See Assoil, Solve.]

1. To set free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; as, to absolve a subject from his allegiance; to absolve an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and remission of his punishment. Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen. Macaulay.

2. To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a sin); — said of the sin or guilt. In his name I absolve your perjury. Gibbon.

3. To finish; to accomplish. [Obs.] The work begun, how soon absolved. Milton.

4. To resolve or explain. [Obs.] "We shall not absolve the doubt." Sir T. Browne.

Syn. — To Absolve, Exonerate, Acquit. We speak of a man as absolved from something that binds his conscience, or involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to absolve from allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We speak of a person as exonerated, when he is released from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to exonerate from suspicion, to exonerate from blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of a person as acquitted, when a decision has been made in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was acquitted of all participation in the crime.

ABSOLVENT
Ab*solv"ent, a. Etym: [L. absolvens, p. pr. of absolvere.]

Defn: Absolving. [R.] Carlyle.

ABSOLVENT
Ab*solv"ent, n.

Defn: An absolver. [R.] Hobbes.

ABSOLVER
Ab*solv"er, n.

Defn: One who absolves. Macaulay.

ABSONANT
Ab"so*nant, a. Etym: [L. ab + sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.]

Defn: Discordant; contrary; — opposed to consonant. "Absonant to nature." Quarles.

ABSONOUS
Ab"so*nous, a. Etym: [L. absonus; ab + sonus sound.]

Defn: Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous. [Obs.] "Absonous to our reason." Glanvill.

ABSORB
Ab*sorb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absorbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Absorbing.]
Etym: [L. absorbere; ab + sorbere to suck in, akin to Gr. absorber.]

1. To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to use up; to include. "Dark oblivion soon absorbs them all." Cowper. The large cities absorb the wealth and fashion. W. Irving.

2. To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge or as the lacteals of the body. Bacon.

3. To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth.

4. To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any molecular action, as when charcoal absorbs gases. So heat, light, and electricity are absorbed or taken up in the substances into which they pass. Nichol. p. 8

Syn. — To Absorb, Engross, Swallow up, Engulf. These words agree in one general idea, that of completely taking up. They are chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as absorbed (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a person as ebgrossed (lit., seized upon in the gross, or wholly) by something which occupies his whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger image) as swallowed up and lost in that which completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak of a person as engulfed in that which (like a gulf) takes in all his hopes and interests; as, engulfed in misery, ruin, etc. That grave question which had begun to absorb the Christian mind — the marriage of the clergy. Milman. Too long hath love engrossed Britannia's stage, And sunk to softness all our tragic rage. Tickell. Should not the sad occasion swallow up My other cares Addison. And in destruction's river Engulf and swallow those. Sir P. Sidney.

ABSORBABILITY
Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being absorbable. Graham (Chemistry).

ABSORBABLE
Ab*sorb"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. absorbable.]

Defn: Capable of being absorbed or swallowed up. Kerr.

ABSORBEDLY
Ab*sorb"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner as if wholly engrossed or engaged.

ABSORBENCY
Ab*sorb"en*cy, n.

Defn: Absorptiveness.

ABSORBENT
Ab*sorb"ent, a. Etym: [L. absorbens, p. pr. of absorbere.]

Defn: Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive. Absorbent ground (Paint.), a ground prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors, by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the colors.

ABSORBENT
Ab*sorb"ent, n.

1. Anything which absorbs. The ocean, itself a bad absorbent of heat. Darwin.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.

3. pl. (Physiol.)

Defn: The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in plants.

ABSORBER
Ab*sorb"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, absorbs.

ABSORBING
Ab*sorb"ing, a.

Defn: Swallowing, engrossing; as, an absorbing pursuit.
 — Ab*sorb"ing, adv.

ABSORBITION
Ab`sor*bi"tion, n.

Defn: Absorption. [Obs.]

ABSORPT
Ab*sorpt`, a. Etym: [L. absorptus, p. p.]

Defn: Absorbed. [Arcahic.] "Absorpt in care." Pope.

ABSORPTION
Ab*sorp"tion, n. Etym: [L. absorptio, fr. absorbere. See Absorb.]

1. The act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made to disappear; as, the absorption of bodies in a whirlpool, the absorption of a smaller tribe into a larger.

2. (Chem. & Physics)

Defn: An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; as, the absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: In living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.

4. Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind; as, absorption in some employment.

ABSORPTIVE
Ab*sorp"tive, a.

Defn: Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe. E.
Darwin.

ABSORPTIVENESS
Ab*sorp"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being absorptive; absorptive power.

ABSORPTIVITY
Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Absorptiveness.

ABSQUATULATE
Ab*squat"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To take one's self off; to decamp. [A jocular word. U. S.]

ABSQUE HOC
Abs"que hoc

Defn: . Etym: [L., without this.] (Law) The technical words of denial used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.

ABSTAIN
Ab*stain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abstained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abstaining.] Etym: [OE. absteynen, abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir,
F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere, abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep
from; ab, abs + tenere to hold. See Tenable.]

Defn: To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily,
and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; —
with from.
Not a few abstained from voting. Macaulay.
Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt Shak.

Syn. — To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish.

ABSTAIN
Ab*stain", v. t.

Defn: To hinder; to withhold.
Whether he abstain men from marrying. Milton.

ABSTAINER
Ab*stain"er, n.

Defn: One who abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating liquors.

ABSTEMIOUS Ab*ste"mi*ous, a. Etym: [L. abstemius; ab, abs + root of temetum intoxicating drink.]

1. Abstaining from wine. [Orig. Latin sense.] Under his special eye Abstemious I grew up and thrived amain. Milton.

2. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the indulgence of the appetite or passions. Instances of longevity are chiefly among the abstemious. Arbuthnot.

3. Sparingly used; used with temperance or moderation; as, an abstemious diet. Gibbon.

4. Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; as, an abstemious life. "One abstemious day." Pope.

5. Promotive of abstemiousness. [R.] Such is the virtue of the abstemious well. Dryden.

ABSTEMIOUSNESS
Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than temperance.

ABSTENTION
Ab*sten"tion, a. Etym: [F. See Abstain.]

Defn: The act of abstaining; a holding aloof. Jer. Taylor.

ABSTENTIOUS
Ab*sten"tious, a.

Defn: Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining. Farrar.

ABSTERGE Ab*sterge, v. t. Etym: [L. abstergere, abstersum; ab, abs + tergere to wipe. Cf. F absterger.]

Defn: To make clean by wiping; to wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge. [R.] Quincy.

ABSTERGENT
Ab*ster"gent, a. Etym: [L. abstergens, p. pr. of abstergere.]

Defn: Serving to cleanse, detergent.

ABSTERGENT
Ab*ster"gent, n.

Defn: A substance used in cleansing; a detergent; as, soap is an abstergent.

ABSTERSE
Ab*sterse", v. t.

Defn: To absterge; to cleanse; to purge away. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ABSTERSION
Ab*ster"sion, n. Etym: [F. abstersion. See Absterge.]

Defn: Act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.
The task of ablution and abstersion being performed. Sir W. Scott.

ABSTERSIVE
Ab*ster"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abstersif. See Absterge.]

Defn: Cleansing; purging. Bacon.

ABSTERSIVE
Ab*ster"sive, n.

Defn: Something cleansing.
The strong abstersive of some heroic magistrate. Milton.

ABSTERSIVENESS
Ab*ster"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstersive. Fuller.

ABSTINENCE
Ab"sti*nence, n. Etym: [F. abstinence, L. abstinentia, fr. abstinere.
See Abstain.]

1. The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, — called also total abstinence. The abstinence from a present pleasure that offers itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one. Locke.

2. The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat. Penance, fasts, and abstinence, To punish bodies for the soul's offense. Dryden.

ABSTINENCY
Ab"sti*nen*cy, n.

Defn: Abstinence. [R.]

ABSTINENT Ab"sti*nent, a. Etym: [F. abstinent, L. abstinens, p. pr. of abstinere. See Abstain.]

Defn: Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate. Beau. & Fl.

ABSTINENT
Ab"sti*nent, n.

1. One who abstains.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect who appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century.

ABSTINENTLY
Ab"sti*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: With abstinence.

ABSTORTED Ab*stort"ed, a. Etym: [As if fr. abstort, fr. L. ab, abs + tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist.]

Defn: Wrested away. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABSTRACT Ab"stract` (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to draw from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw. See Trace.]

1. Withdraw; separate. [Obs.] The more abstract . . . we are from the body. Norris.

2. Considered apart from any application to a particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind only; as, abstract truth, abstract numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.

3. (Logic) (a) Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from the other properties which constitute it; — opposed to Ant: concrete; as, honesty is an abstract word. J. S. Mill. (b) Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to particular; as, "reptile" is an abstract or general name. Locke. A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression "abstract name" to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes. J. S. Mill.

4. Abstracted; absent in mind. "Abstract, as in a trance." Milton. An abstract idea (Metaph.), an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure. — Abstract terms, those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities. — Abstract numbers (Math.), numbers used without application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete. — Abstract or Pure mathematics. See Mathematics.

ABSTRACT
Ab*stract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abstracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Abstracting.] Etym: [See Abstract, a.]

1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away. He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution abstracted from his own prejudices. Sir W. Scott.

2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention; as, his was wholly abstracted by other objects. The young stranger had been abstracted and silent. Blackw. Mag.

3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute. Whately.

4. To epitomize; to abridge. Franklin.

5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a till. Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness. W. Black.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense extract is now more generally used.

ABSTRACT
Ab*stract", v. t.

Defn: To perform the process of abstraction. [R.]
I own myself able to abstract in one sense. Berkeley.

ABSTRACT
Ab"stract`, n. Etym: [See Abstract, a.]

1. That which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a brief. An abstract of every treatise he had read. Watts. Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven hath modeled. Ford.

2. A state of separation from other things; as, to consider a subject in the abstract, or apart from other associated things.

3. An abstract term. The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the abstracts "paternity" and "filiety." J. S. Mill.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the original substance. Abstract of title (Law), an epitome of the evidences of ownership.

Syn.
 — Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See Abridgment.

ABSTRACTED
Ab*stract"ed, a.

1. Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart. The evil abstracted stood from his own evil. Milton.

2. Separated from matter; abstract; ideal. [Obs.]

3. Abstract; abstruse; difficult. [Obs.] Johnson.

4. Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind. "An abstracted scholar." Johnson.

ABSTRACTEDLY
Ab*stract"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abstracted manner; separately; with absence of mind.

ABSTRACTEDNESS
Ab*stract"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being abstracted; abstract character.

ABSTRACTER
Ab*stract"er, n.

Defn: One who abstracts, or makes an abstract.

ABSTRACTION
Ab*strac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. abstraction. See Abstract, a.]

1. The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn; withdrawal. A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain members of the community. J. S. Mill.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The act process of leaving out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called abstraction. So, also, when it considers whiteness, softness, virtue, existence, as separate from any particular objects.

Note: Abstraction is necessary to classification, by which things are arranged in genera and species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects, which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a class, or collected body. Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the negative of attention. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical nature; as, to fight for mere abstractions.

4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; as, a hermit's abstraction.

5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects.

6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining. [Modern]

7. (Chem.)

Defn: A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation.
Nicholson.

ABSTRACTIONAL
Ab*strac"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to abstraction.

ABSTRACTIONIST
Ab*strac"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An idealist. Emerson.

ABSTRACTITIOUS
Ab`strac*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Obtained from plants by distillation. [Obs.] Crabb.

ABSTRACTIVE
Ab*strac"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abstractif.]

Defn: Having the power of abstracting; of an abstracting nature. "The abstractive faculty." I. Taylor.

ABSTRACTIVELY
Ab*strac"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a abstract manner; separately; in or by itself. Feltham.

ABSTRACTIVENESS
Ab*strac"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstractive; abstractive property.

ABSTRACTLY
Ab"stract`ly (#; 277), adv.

Defn: In an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself; as, matter abstractly considered.

ABSTRACTNESS
Ab"stract`ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstract. "The abstractness of the ideas."
Locke.

ABSTRINGE Ab*stringe", v. t. Etym: [L ab + stringere, strictum, to press together.]

Defn: To unbind. [Obs.] Bailey.

ABSTRUDE
Ab*strude", v. t. Etym: [L. abstrudere. See Abstruse.]

Defn: To thrust away. [Obs.] Johnson.

ABSTRUSE
Ab*struse", a. Etym: [L. abstrusus, p. p. of abstrudere to thrust
away, conceal; ab, abs + trudere to thrust; cf. F. abstrus. See
Threat.]

1. Concealed or hidden out of the way. [Obs.] The eternal eye whose sight discerns Abstrusest thoughts. Milton.

2. Remote from apprehension; difficult to be comprehended or understood; recondite; as, abstruse learning. Profound and abstruse topics. Milman.

ABSTRUSELY
Ab*struse"ly, adv.

Defn: In an abstruse manner.

ABSTRUSENESS
Ab*struse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abstruse; difficulty of apprehension.
Boyle.

ABSTRUSION
Ab*stru"sion, n. Etym: [L. abstrusio. See Abstruse.]

Defn: The act of thrusting away. [R.] Ogilvie.

ABSTRUSITY
Ab*stru"si*ty, n.

Defn: Abstruseness; that which is abstruse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

ABSUME
Ab*sume", v. t. Etym: [L. absumere, absumptum; ab + sumere to take.]

Defn: To consume gradually; to waste away. [Obs.] Boyle.

ABSUMPTION
Ab*sump"tion (#; 215), n. Etym: [L. absumptio. See Absume.]

Defn: Act of wasting away; a consuming; extinction. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

ABSURD Ab*surd", a. Etym: [L. absurdus harsh-sounding; ab + (prob) a derivative fr. a root svar to sound; not connected with surd: cf. F. absurde. See Syringe.]

Defn: Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and fiatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; as, an absurd person, an absurd opinion; an absurd dream. This proffer is absurd and reasonless. Shak. 'This phrase absurd to call a villain great. Pope. p. 9

Syn. — Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous; inconsistent; incongruous. — Absurd, Irrational, Foolish, Preposterous. Of these terms, irrational is the weakest, denoting that which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason; as, an irrational course of life. Foolish rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, foolish enterprises. Absurd rises still higher, denoting that which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and truth; as, an absurd man, project, opinion, story, argument, etc. Preposterous rises still higher, and supposes an absolute inversion in the order of things; or, in plain terms, a "putting of the cart before the horse;" as, a preposterous suggestion, preposterous conduct, a preposterous regulation or law.

ABSURD
Ab*surd", n.

Defn: An absurdity. [Obs.] Pope.

ABSURDITY Ab*surd"i*ty, n.; pl. Absurdities. Etym: [L. absurditas: cf. F. absurdite.]

1. The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. "The absurdity of the actual idea of an infinite number." Locke.

2. That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. His travels were full of absurdities. Johnson.

ABSURDLY
Ab*surd"ly, adv.

Defn: In an absurd manner.

ABSURDNESS
Ab*surd"ness, n.

Defn: Absurdity. [R.]

ABUNA
A*bu"na, n. Etym: [Eth. and Ar., our father.]

Defn: The Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church.

ABUNDANCE A*bun"dance, n. Etym: [OE. (h)abudaunce, abundance, F. abundance, F. abondance, L. abundantia, fr. abundare. See Abound.]

Defn: An overflowing fullness; ample sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; wealth: — strictly applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number. It is lamentable to remember what abundance of noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian state. Raleigh.

Syn. — Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness; overflow; riches; affluence; wealth. — Abundance, Plenty, Exuberance. These words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness. Plenty denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as, plenty of food, plenty of money, etc. Abundance express more, and gives the idea of superfluity or excess; as, abundance of riches, an abundance of wit and humor; often, however, it only denotes plenty in a high degree. Exuberance rises still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side, producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an exuberance of mirth, an exuberance of animal spirits, etc.

ABUNDANT A*bun"dant, a. Etym: [OE. (h)abundant, aboundant, F. abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of abundare. See Abound.]

Defn: Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; — followed by in, rarely by with. "Abundant in goodness and truth." Exod. xxxiv. 6. Abundant number (Math.), a number, the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.

Syn. — Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See Ample.

ABUNDANTLY
A*bun"dant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sufficient degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure.

ABURST
A*burst", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + burst.]

Defn: In a bursting condition.

ABUSABLE
A*bus"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be abused.

ABUSAGE
A*bus"age, n.

Defn: Abuse. [Obs.] Whately (1634).

ABUSE
A*buse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abused; p. pr. & vb. n. Abusing.] Etym:
[F. abuser; L. abusus, p. p. of abuti to abuse, misuse; ab + uti to
use. See Use.]

1. To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse inherited gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse one's authority. This principle (if one may so abuse the word) shoots rapidly into popularity. Froude.

2. To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to; to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; as, to abuse prisoners, to abuse one's powers, one's patience.

3. To revile; to reproach coarsely; to disparage. The . . . tellers of news abused the general. Macaulay.

4. To dishonor. "Shall flight abuse your name" Shak.

5. To violate; to ravish. Spenser.

6. To deceive; to impose on. [Obs.] Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and abused by a double object. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. — To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify; vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign.

ABUSE
A*buse", n. Etym: [F. abus, L. abusus, fr. abuti. See Abuse, v. t.]

1. Improper treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse; as, an abuse of our natural powers; an abuse of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an abuse of language. Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power. Madison.

2. Physical ill treatment; injury. "Rejoice . . . at the abuse of Falstaff." Shak.

3. A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime; fault; as, the abuses in the civil service. Abuse after disappeared without a struggle.. Macaulay.

4. Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling. The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows. Macaulay.

5. Violation; rape; as, abuse of a female child. [Obs.] Or is it some abuse, and no such thing Shak. Abuse of distress (Law), a wrongful using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the distrainer.

Syn. — Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult; opprobrium. — Abuse, Invective. Abuse is generally prompted by anger, and vented in harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than invective. Abuse generally takes place in private quarrels; invective in writing or public discussions. Invective may be conveyed in refined language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy. C. J. Smith.

ABUSEFUL
A*buse"ful, a.

Defn: Full of abuse; abusive. [R.] "Abuseful names." Bp. Barlow.

ABUSER
A*bus"er, n.

Defn: One who abuses [in the various senses of the verb].

ABUSION A*bu"sion, n. Etym: [OE. abusion, abusioun, OF. abusion, fr. L. abusio misuse of words, f. abuti. See Abuse, v. t.]

Defn: Evil or corrupt usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat. Chaucer.

ABUSIVE
A*bu"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. abusif, fr. L. abusivus.]

1. Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied. I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly, according to the abusive acceptation thereof. Fuller.

2. Given to misusing; also, full of abuses. [Archaic] "The abusive prerogatives of his see." Hallam.

3. Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse, insulting words or by other ill usage; as, an abusive author; an abusive fellow.

4. Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous. "An abusive lampoon." Johnson.

5. Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating. [Obs.] "An abusive treaty." Bacon.

Syn. — Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent; insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.

ABUSIVELY
A*bu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an abusive manner; rudely; with abusive language.

ABUSIVENESS
A*bu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence
to the person.
Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground, Profaneness,
filthiness, abusiveness. Herbert.

ABUT
A*but", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Abutting.] Etym:
[OF. abouter, aboter; cf. F. aboutir, and also abuter; a (L. ad) +
OF. boter, buter, to push: cf. F. bout end, and but end, purpose.]

Defn: To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to meet; — with on, upon, or against; as, his land abuts on the road.

ABUTILON
A*bu"ti*lon, n. Etym: [Ar. aubutilun.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid and temperate zones of both continents; — called also Indian mallow.

ABUTMENT
A*but"ment, n.

1. State of abutting.

2. That on or against which a body abuts or presses; as (a) (Arch.) The solid part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut. Gwilt. (b) (mech.) A fixed point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained, as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever, etc. (c) In breech-loading firearms, the block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to recoil.

ABUTTAL
A*but"tal, n.

Defn: The butting or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland. Spelman.

ABUTTER
A*but"ter, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous estate; as, the abutters on a street or a river.

ABUZZ
A*buzz", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + buzz.]

Defn: In a buzz; buzzing. [Colloq.] Dickens.

ABY; ABYE A*by", A*bye", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Abought.] Etym: [AS. abycgan to pay for; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + bycgan to buy. See Buy, and cf. Abide.]

1. To pay for; to suffer for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give satisfaction. [Obs.] Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear. Shak.

2. To endure; to abide. [Obs.] But nought that wanteth rest can long aby. Spenser.

ABYSM
A*bysm", n. Etym: [OF. abisme; F. abime, LL. abyssimus, a superl. of
L. abyssus; Gr. Abyss.]

Defn: An abyss; a gulf. "The abysm of hell." Shak.

ABYSMAL
A*bys"mal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending;
profound.
Geology gives one the same abysmal extent of time that astronomy does
of space. Carlyle.

ABYSMALLY
A*bys"mal*ly, adv.

Defn: To a fathomless depth; profoundly. "Abysmally ignorant." G.
Eliot.

ABYSS
A*byss", n. Etym: [L. abyssus a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr.

1. A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless pit. Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost abyss. Milton. The throne is darkness, in the abyss of light. Dryden.

2. Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral depth. The abysses of metaphysical theology. Macaulay. In unfathomable abysses of disgrace. Burke.

3. (Her.)

Defn: The center of an escutcheon.

Note: This word, in its leading uses, is associated with the cosmological notions of the Hebrews, having reference to a supposed illimitable mass of waters from which our earth sprung, and beneath whose profound depths the wicked were punished. Encyc. Brit.

ABYSSAL
A*byss"al, a. Etym: [Cf. Abysmal.]

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, an abyss; unfathomable. Abyssal zone (Phys. Geog.), one of the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms deep. Hence, abyssal animals, plants, etc.

ABYSSINIAN
Ab`ys*sin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Abyssinia. Abyssinian gold, an alloy of 90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zink. Ure.

ABYSSINIAN
Ab`ys*sin"i*an, n.

1. A native of Abyssinia.

2. A member of the Abyssinian Church.

ACACIA
A*ca"ci*a, n. (Antiq.)

Defn: A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is represented on medals.

ACACIA A*ca"cia, n.; pl. E. Acacias, L. Acaciæ. Etym: [L. from Gr. ak to be sharp. See Acute.]

1. A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks, instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate climates.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The inspissated juice of several species of acacia; — called also gum acacia, and gum arabic.

ACACIN; ACACINE
Ac"a*cin, Ac"a*cine, n.

Defn: Gum arabic.

ACADEME
Ac`a*deme", n. Etym: [L. academia. See Academy.]

Defn: An academy. [Poetic] Shak.

ACADEMIAL
Ac`a*de"mi*al, a.

Defn: Academic. [R.]

ACADEMIAN
Ac`a*de"mi*an, n.

Defn: A member of an academy, university, or college.

ACADEMIC
Ac`a*dem"ic, n.

1. One holding the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist. Hume.

2. A member of an academy, college, or university; an academician.

ACADEMIC; ACADEMICAL Ac`a*dem"ic, Ac`a*dem"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. academicus: cf. F. académigue. See Academy.]

1. Belonging to the school or philosophy of Plato; as, the Academic sect or philosophy.

2. Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in distinction from scientific. "Academic courses." Warburton. "Academical study." Berkeley.

ACADEMICALLY
Ac`a*dem`ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an academical manner.

ACADEMICALS
Ac`a*dem"ic*als, n. pl.

Defn: The articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and universities.

ACADEMICIAN
Ac`a*de*mi"cian (#; 277), n. Etym: [F. académicien. See Academy.]

1. A member of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of arts.

2. A collegian. [R.] Chesterfield.

ACADEMICISM
Ac`a*dem"i*cism, n.

1. A tenet of the Academic philosophy.

2. A mannerism or mode peculiar to an academy.

ACADEMISM
A*cad"e*mism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the Academic philosophy. [Obs.] Baxter.

ACADEMIST
A*cad"e*mist, n. Etym: [F. academiste.]

1. An Academic philosopher.

2. An academician. [Obs.] Ray.

ACADEMY
A*cad"e*my, n.; pl. Academies. Etym: [F. académie, L. academia. Cf.
Academe.]

1. A garden or grove near Athens (so named from the hero Academus), where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence, the school of philosophy of which Plato was head.

2. An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a college and a common school.

3. A place of training; a school. "Academies of fanaticism." Hume.

4. A society of learned men united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science; as, the French Academy; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; academies of literature and philology.

5. A school or place of training in which some special art is taught; as, the military academy at West Point; a riding academy; the Academy of Music. Academy figure (Paint.), a drawing usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude model.

ACADIAN
A*ca"di*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia. "Acadian farmers." Longfellow. — n.

Defn: A native of Acadie. Acadian epoch (Geol.), an epoch at the
beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the oldest
American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See Geology.
 — Acadian owl (Zoöl.), a small North American owl (Nyctule
Acadica); the saw-whet.

ACAJOU Ac"a*jou, n. Etym: [F. See Cashew.] (Bot.) (a) The cashew tree; also, its fruit. See Cashew. (b) The mahogany tree; also, its timber.

ACALEPH; ACALEPHAN
Ac"a*leph, Ac`a*le"phan n.; pl. Acalephs, Acalephans. Etym: [See
Acalephæ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Acalephæ.

ACALEPHAE
Ac`a*le"phæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

Defn: A group of Coelenterata, including the Medusæ or jellyfishes, and hydroids; — so called from the stinging power they possess. Sometimes called sea nettles.

ACALEPHOID
Ac`ale"phoid, a. Etym: [Acaleph + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to or resembling the Acalephæ or jellyfishes.

ACALYCINE; ACALYSINOUS
A*cal"y*cine, Ac`a*lys`i*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.

ACANTH
A*canth", n.

Defn: Same as Acanthus.

ACANTHA
A*can"tha, n. Etym: [Gr. Acute.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A prickle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spine or prickly fin.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The vertebral column; the spinous process of a vertebra.
Dunglison.

ACANTHACEOUS
Ac"an*tha"ceous, a.

1. Armed with prickles, as a plant.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the acanthus is the type.

ACANTHINE
A*can"thine, a. Etym: [L. acanthinus, Gr. Acanthus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant acanthus.

ACANTHOCARPOUS
A*can`tho*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the fruit covered with spines.

ACANTHOCEPHALA
A*can`tho*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of intestinal worms, having the proboscis armed with recurved spines.

ACANTHOCEPHALOUS
A*can`tho*ceph"a*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a spiny head, as one of the Acanthocephala.

ACANTHOPHOROUS
Ac`an*thoph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Spine-bearing. Gray.

ACANTHOPODIOUS
A*can`tho*po"di*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having spinous petioles.

ACANTHOPTERI
Ac`an*thop"ter*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of teleostean fishes having spiny fins. See
Acanthopterygii.

ACANTHOPTEROUS
Ac`an*thop"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Spiny-winged.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Acanthopterygious.

ACANTHOPTERYGIAN
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the order of fishes having spinose fins, as the perch. — n.

Defn: A spiny-finned fish.

ACANTHOPTERYGII
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes having some of the rays of the dorsal, ventral, and anal fins unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch.

ACANTHOPTERYGIOUS
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having fins in which the rays are hard and spinelike; spiny- finned.

ACANTHUS
A*can"thus, n.; pl. E. Acanthuses, L. Acanthi. Etym: [L., from Gr.
Acantha.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous prickly plants, found in the south of
Europe, Asia Minor, and India; bear's-breech.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus
(Acanthus spinosus); — used in the capitals of the Corinthian and
Composite orders.

A CAPPELLA A cap*pel"la. Etym: [It. See Chapel.] (Mus.) (a) In church or chapel style; — said of compositions sung in the old church style, without instrumental accompaniment; as, a mass a capella, i. e., a mass purely vocal. (b) A time indication, equivalent to alla breve.

ACAPSULAR
A*cap"su*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + capsular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no capsule.

ACARDIAC
A*car"di*ac, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Without a heart; as, an acardiac fetus.

ACARIDAN
A*car"i*dan, n. Etym: [See Acarus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of arachnids, including the mites and ticks.

ACARINA
Ac`a*ri"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks. Many species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and mange.

ACARINE
Ac"a*rine, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or caused by acari or mites; as, acarine diseases.

ACAROID
Ac"a*roid, a. Etym: [NL., acarus a mite + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like or resembling a mite.

ACARPELLOUS
Ac`ar*pel"lous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + carpel.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no carpels.

ACARPOUS
A*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Not producing fruit; unfruitful.

ACARUS
Ac"a*rus, n.; pl. Acari. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus including many species of small mites.

ACATALECTIC
A*cat`a*lec"tic, a. Etym: [L. acatalecticus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: Not defective; complete; as, an acatalectic verse.
 — n.

Defn: A verse which has the complete number of feet and syllables.

ACATALEPSY
A*cat"a*lep`sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts to certainty, but only to probability.

ACATALEPTIC
A*cat`a*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Incapable of being comprehended; incomprehensible.

ACATER
A*ca"ter, n.

Defn: See Caterer. [Obs.]

ACATES
A*cates", n. pl.

Defn: See Cates. [Obs.]

ACAUDATE
A*cau"date, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + caudate.]

Defn: Tailless.

ACAULESCENT
Ac`au*les"cent, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + caulescent.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no stem or caulis, or only a very short one concealed in the ground. Gray.

ACAULINE
A*cau"line, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + cauline.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Acaulescent.

ACAULOSE; ACAULOUS
A*cau"lose, A*cau"lous, a. Etym: [Gr. caulis stalk. See Cole.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Acaulescent.

ACCADIAN
Ac*ca"di*an, a. Etym: [From the city Accad. See Gen. x. 10.]

Defn: Pertaining to a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before
the Assyrian conquest.
 — Ac*ca"di*an, n., Ac"cad, n. Sayce.

ACCEDE
Ac*cede", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Acceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Acceding.]
Etym: [L. accedere to approach, accede; ad + cedere to move, yield:
cf. F. accédere. See Cede.]

1. To approach; to come forward; — opposed to recede. [Obs.] T. Gale.

2. To enter upon an office or dignity; to attain.
Edward IV., who had acceded to the throne in the year 1461. T.
Warton.
If Frederick had acceded to the supreme power. Morley.

3. To become a party by associating one's self with others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal or a view; as, he acceded to my request. The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch afterwards acceded. Chesterfield.

Syn.
 — To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce; concur.

ACCEDENCE
Ac*ced"ence, n.

Defn: The act of acceding.

ACCEDER
Ac*ced"er, n.

Defn: One who accedes.

ACCELERANDO
Ac*cel`er*an"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Gradually accelerating the movement.

ACCELERATE
Ac*cel"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accelerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accelerating.] Etym: [L. acceleratus, p. p. of accelerare; ad +
celerare to hasten; celer quick. See Celerity.]

1. To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; — opposed to retard.

2. To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant, the increase of wealth, etc.

3. To hasten, as the occurence of an event; as, to accelerate our departure. Accelerated motion (Mech.), motion with a continually increasing velocity. — Accelerating force, the force which causes accelerated motion. Nichol.

Syn. — To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward; advance; further.

ACCELERATION
Ac*cel`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. acceleratio: cf. F. accélération.]

Defn: The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as, a falling body moves toward the earth with an acceleration of velocity; — opposed to retardation. A period of social improvement, or of intellectual advancement, contains within itself a principle of acceleration. I. Taylor. (Astr. & Physics.) Acceleration of the moon, the increase of the moon's mean motion in its orbit, in consequence of which its period of revolution is now shorter than in ancient times. — Acceleration and retardation of the tides. See Priming of the tides, under Priming. — Diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars, the amount by which their apparent diurnal motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence of which they daily come to the meridian of any place about three minutes fifty-six seconds of solar time earlier than on the day preceding. — Acceleration of the planets, the increasing velocity of their motion, in proceeding from the apogee to the perigee of their orbits.

ACCELERATIVE
Ac*cel"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity; quickening. Reid.

ACCELERATOR
Ac*cel"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an adj.; as, accelerator nerves.

ACCELERATORY
Ac*cel"er*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Accelerative.

ACCELEROGRAPH
Ac*cel"er*o*graph, n. Etym: [Accelerate + -graph.] (Mil.)

Defn: An apparatus for studying the combustion of powder in guns, etc.

ACCELEROMETER
Ac*cel`er*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Accelerate + -meter.]

Defn: An apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder.

ACCEND Ac*cend", v. t. Etym: [L. accendere, accensum, to kindle; ad + candère to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to candere to be white, to gleam. See Candle.]

Defn: To set on fire; to kindle. [Obs.] Fotherby.

ACCENDIBILITY
Ac*cend`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed; inflammability.

ACCENDIBLE
Ac*cend"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable.
Ure.

ACCENSION
Ac*cen"sion, n.

Defn: The act of kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition.
Locke.

ACCENSOR
Ac*cen"sor, n. Etym: [LL., from p. p. accensus. See Accend.] (R. C.
Ch.)

Defn: One of the functionaries who light and trim the tapers.

ACCENT Ac"cent`, n. Etym: [F. accent, L. accentus; ad + cantus a singing, canere to sing. See Cant.]

1. A superior force of voice or of articulative effort upon some particular syllable of a word or a phrase, distinguishing it from the others.

Note: Many English words have two accents, the primary and the secondary; the primary being uttered with a greater stress of voice than the secondary; as in as'pira''tion, where the chief stress is on the third syllable, and a slighter stress on the first. Some words, as an'tiap'o-plec''tic, in-com'pre-hen'si-bil''i-ty, have two secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., tt 30-46.

2. A mark or character used in writing, and serving to regulate the pronunciation; esp.: (a) a mark to indicate the nature and place of the spoken accent; (b) a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the vowel marked; as, the French accents.

Note: In the ancient Greek the acute accent (') meant a raised tone or pitch, the grave (`), the level tone or simply the negation of accent, the circumflex ( ~ or ^) a tone raised and then depressed. In works on elocution, the first is often used to denote the rising inflection of the voice; the second, the falling inflection; and the third (^), the compound or waving inflection. In dictionaries, spelling books, and the like, the acute accent is used to designate the syllable which receives the chief stress of voice.

3. Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice; tone; as, a foreign accent; a French or a German accent. "Beguiled you in a plain accent." Shak. "A perfect accent." Thackeray. The tender accent of a woman's cry. Prior.

4. A word; a significant tone; (pl.) expressions in general; speech. Winds! on your wings to Heaven her accents bear, Such words as Heaven alone is fit to hear. Dryden.

5. (Pros.)

Defn: Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse.

6. (Mus.) (a) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure. (b) A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure. (c) The rythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a period. (d) The expressive emphasis and shading of a passage. J. S. Dwight.

7. (Math.) (a) A mark placed at the right hand of a letter, and a little above it, to distinguish magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same letter, but differing in value, as y', y''. (b) (Trigon.) A mark at the right hand of a number, indicating minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; as, 12'27'', i. e., twelve minutes twenty seven seconds. (c) (Engin.) A mark used to denote feet and inches; as, 6' 10'' is six feet ten inches.

ACCENT
Ac*cent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accented; p. pr. & vb. n. Accenting.]
Etym: [OF. accenter, F. accentuer.]

1. To express the accent of (either by the voice or by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent.

2. To mark emphatically; to emphasize.

ACCENTLESS
Ac"cent`less, a.

Defn: Without accent.

ACCENTOR
Ac*cen"tor, n. Etym: [L. ad. + cantor singer, canere to sing.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: One who sings the leading part; the director or leader. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of European birds (so named from their sweet notes), including the hedge warbler. In America sometimes applied to the water thrushes.

ACCENTUABLE
Ac*cen"tu*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being accented.

ACCENTUAL
Ac*cen"tu*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.

ACCENTUALITY
Ac*cen`tu*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being accentual.

ACCENTUALLY
Ac*cen"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an accentual manner; in accordance with accent.

ACCENTUATE
Ac*cen"tu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accentuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accentuating.] Etym: [LL. accentuatus, p. p. of accentuare, fr. L.
accentus: cf. F. accentuer.]

1. To pronounce with an accent or with accents.

2. To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to emphasize. In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more accentuated. London Times.

3. To mark with the written accent.

ACCENTUATION
Ac*cen`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. accentuatio: cf. F. accentuation.]

Defn: Act of accentuating; applications of accent. Specifically
(Eccles. Mus.),

Defn: pitch or modulation of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.

ACCEPT
Ac*cept", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Accepting.]
Etym: [F. accepter, L. acceptare, freq. of accipere; ad + capere to
take; akin to E. heave.]

1. To receive with a consenting mind (something offered); as, to accept a gift; — often followed by of. If you accept them, then their worth is great. Shak. To accept of ransom for my son. Milton. She accepted of a treat. Addison.

2. To receive with favor; to approve. The Lord accept thy burnt sacrifice. Ps. xx. 3. Peradventure he will accept of me. Gen. xxxii. 20.

3. To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to; as, I accept your proposal, amendment, or excuse.

4. To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are these words to be accepted

5. (Com.)

Defn: To receive as obligatory and promise to pay; as, to accept a bill of exchange. Bouvier.

6. In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance of a duty imposed; as, to accept the report of a committee. [This makes it the property of the body, and the question is then on its adoption.] To accept a bill (Law), to agree (on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due. — To accept service (Law), to agree that a writ or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has not been. — To accept the person (Eccl.), to show favoritism. "God accepteth no man's person." Gal. ii. 6.

Syn.
 — To receive; take; admit. See Receive.

ACCEPT
Ac*cept", a.

Defn: Accepted. [Obs.] Shak.

ACCEPTABILITY
Ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. acceptabilitas.]

Defn: The quality of being acceptable; acceptableness. "Acceptability of repentance." Jer. Taylor.

ACCEPTABLE Ac*cept"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. acceptable, L. acceptabilis, fr. acceptare.]

Defn: Capable, worthy, or sure of being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; as, an acceptable present, one acceptable to us.

ACCEPTABLENESS
Ac*cept"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably received; acceptability.

ACCEPTABLY
Ac*cept"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an acceptable manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction.

ACCEPTANCE
Ac*cept"ance, n.

1. The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable reception; approval; as, the acceptance of a gift, office, doctrine, etc. They shall come up with acceptance on mine altar. Isa. lx. 7.

2. State of being accepted; acceptableness. "Makes it assured of acceptance." Shak.

3. (Com.) (a) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance. (b) The bill itself when accepted.

4. An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a bargain is concluded and the parties are bound; the reception or taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as that agreed to be delivered, or the taking possession as owner.

5. (Law)

Defn: An agreeing to the action of another, by some act which binds the person in law.

Note: What acts shall amount to such an acceptance is often a question of great nicety and difficulty. Mozley & W.

Note: In modern law, proposal and acceptance are the constituent elements into which all contracts are resolved. Acceptance of a bill of exchange, check, draft, or order, is an engagement to pay it according to the terms. This engagement is usually made by writing the word "accepted" across the face of the bill. Acceptance of goods, under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent acceptance by a party knowing the nature of the transaction.

6. Meaning; acceptation. [Obs.] Acceptance of persons, partiality, favoritism. See under Accept.

ACCEPTANCY
Ac*cept"an*cy, n.

Defn: Acceptance. [R.]
Here's a proof of gift, But here's no proof, sir, of acceptancy. Mrs.
Browning.

ACCEPTANT
Ac*cept"ant, a.

Defn: Accepting; receiving.

ACCEPTANT
Ac*cept"ant, n.

Defn: An accepter. Chapman.

ACCEPTATION
Ac`cep*ta"tion, n.

1. Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state of being acceptable. [Obs.] This is saying worthy of all acceptation. 1 Tim. i. 15. Some things . . . are notwithstanding of so great dignity and acceptation with God. Hooker.

2. The meaning in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received; as, term is to be used according to its usual acceptation. My words, in common acceptation, Could never give this provocation. Gay.

ACCEPTEDLY
Ac*cept"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a accepted manner; admittedly.

ACCEPTER
Ac*cept"er, n.

1. A person who accepts; a taker.

2. A respecter; a viewer with partiality. [Obs.] God is no accepter of persons. Chillingworth.

3. (Law)

Defn: An acceptor.

ACCEPTILATION Ac*cep`ti*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. acceptilatio entry of a debt collected, acquittance, fr. p. p. of accipere (cf. Accept) + latio a carrying, fr. latus, p. p. of ferre to carry: cf. F. acceptilation.] (Civil Law)

Defn: Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation without payment; free remission.

ACCEPTION Ac*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. acceptio a receiving, accepting: cf. F. acception.]

Defn: Acceptation; the received meaning. [Obs.]
Here the word "baron" is not to be taken in that restrictive sense to
which the modern acception hath confined it. Fuller.
Acception of persons or faces (Eccl.), favoritism; partiality. [Obs.]
Wyclif.

ACCEPTIVE
Ac*cept"ive, a.

1. Fit for acceptance.

2. Ready to accept. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ACCEPTOR
Ac*cept"or (#; 277), n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who accepts; specifically (Law & Com.),

Defn: one who accepts an order or a bill of exchange; a drawee after he has accepted.

ACCESS
Ac*cess" (#; 277), n. Etym: [F. accès, L. accessus, fr. accedere. See
Accede.]

1. A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission; accessibility; as, to gain access to a prince. I did repel his letters, and denied His access to me. Shak.

2. The means, place, or way by which a thing may be approached; passage way; as, the access is by a neck of land. "All access was thronged." Milton.

3. Admission to sexual intercourse. During coverture, access of the husband shall be presumed, unless the contrary be shown. Blackstone.

4. Increase by something added; addition; as, an access of territory.
[In this sense accession is more generally used.]
I, from the influence of thy looks, receive Access in every virtue.
Milton.

5. An onset, attack, or fit of disease. The first access looked like an apoplexy. Burnet.

6. A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst; as, an access of fury. [A Gallicism]

ACCESSARILY
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an accessary.

ACCESSARINESS
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being accessary.

ACCESSARY
Ac*ces"sa*ry (#; 277), a.

Defn: Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp., uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor. See Accessory. To both their deaths thou shalt be accessary. Shak. Amongst many secondary and accessary causes that support monarchy, these are not of least reckoning. Milton.

ACCESSARY Ac*ces"sa*ry (277), n.; pl. Accessaries. Etym: [Cf. Accessory and LL. accessarius.] (Law)

Defn: One who, not being present, contributes as an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense. Accessary before the fact (Law), one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at its commission. — Accessary after the fact, one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender, not being present at the commission of the offense.

Note: This word, as used in law, is spelt accessory by Blackstone and many others; but in this sense is spelt accessary by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns, Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it is spelt accessory. In recent text-books on criminal law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either accessary or accessory.

ACCESSIBILITY Ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. accessibilitas: cf. F. accessibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility. Langhorne.

ACCESSIBLE Ac*cess"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. accessibilis, fr. accedere: cf. F. accessible. See Accede.]

1. Easy of access or approach; approachable; as, an accessible town or mountain, an accessible person.

2. Open to the influence of; — with to. "Minds accessible to reason." Macaulay.

3. Obtainable; to be got at. The best information . . . at present accessible. Macaulay.

ACCESSIBLY
Ac*cess"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an accessible manner.

ACCESSION
Ac*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. accessio, fr. accedere: cf. F. accession.
See Accede.]

1. A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined; as, a king's accession to a confederacy.

2. Increase by something added; that which is added; augmentation from without; as, an accession of wealth or territory. The only accession which the Roman empire received was the province of Britain. Gibbon.

3. (Law) (a) A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a cow becomes the owner of her calf. (b) The act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in force between other powers. Kent.

4. The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an office, or dignity; as, the accession of the house of Stuart; — applied especially to the epoch of a new dynasty.

5. (Med.)

Defn: The invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm.

Syn.
 — Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.

ACCESSIONAL
Ac*ces"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to accession; additional. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

ACCESSIVE
Ac*ces"sive, a.

Defn: Additional.

ACCESSORIAL
Ac`ces*so"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an accessory; as, accessorial agency, accessorial guilt.

ACCESSORILY
Ac*ces"so*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.

ACCESSORINESS
Ac*ces"so*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being accessory, or connected subordinately.

ACCESSORY
Ac*ces"so*ry (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. accessorius. See Access, and cf.
Accessary.]

Defn: Accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad sense; as, he was accessory to the riot; accessory sounds in music.

Note: Ash accents the antepenult; and this is not only more regular, but preferable, on account of easiness of pronunciation. Most orhoëpists place the accent on the first syllable.

Syn. — Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary; subservient; additional; acceding.

ACCESSORY
Ac*ces"so*ry, n.; pl. Accessories.

1. That which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something additional and subordinate. "The aspect and accessories of a den of banditti." Carlyle.

2. (Law)

Defn: Same as Accessary, n.

3. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Anything that enters into a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere ornamental parts. Elmes.

Syn.
 — Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See Abettor.

ACCIACCATURA
Ac*ciac`ca*tu"ra, n. Etym: [It., from acciaccare to crush.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is prefixed; — used especially in organ music. Now used as equivalent to the short appoggiatura.

ACCIDENCE Ac"ci*dence, n. Etym: [A corruption of Eng. accidents, pl. of accident. See Accident, 2.]

1. The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of grammar. Milton.

2. The rudiments of any subject. Lowell.

ACCIDENT Ac"ci*dent, n. Etym: [F. accident, fr. L. accidens, -dentis, p. pr. of accidere to happen; ad + cadere to fall. See Cadence, Case.]

1. Literally, a befalling; an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency; often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; as, to die by an accident. Of moving accidents by flood and field. Shak. Thou cam'st not to thy place by accident: It is the very place God meant for thee. Trench.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of arms.

4. (Log.) (a) A property or quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as whiteness in paper; an attribute. (b) A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as sweetness, softness.

5. Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an accident. This accident, as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea. J. P. Mahaffy.

6. Unusual appearance or effect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: Accident, in Law, is equivalent to casus, or such unforeseen, extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of ordinary calculation.

ACCIDENTAL
Ac`ci*den"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. accidentel, earlier accidental.]

1. Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; casual; fortuitous; as, an accidental visit.

2. Nonessential; not necessary belonging; incidental; as, are accidental to a play. Accidental chords (Mus.), those which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper harmony. — Accidental colors (Opt.), colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of actually colored bodies. — Accidental point (Persp.), the point in which a right line, drawn from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this plane. — Accidental lights (Paint.), secondary lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning bodies. Fairholt.

Syn. — Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional; adventitious. — Accidental, Incidental, Casual, Fortuitous, Contingent. We speak of a thing as accidental when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of things; as, an accidental meeting, an accidental advantage, etc. We call a thing incidental when it falls, as it were, into some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no essential part thereof; as, an incremental remark, an incidental evil, an incidental benefit. We speak of a thing as casual, when it falls out or happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or premeditated; as, a casual remark or encounter; a casual observer. An idea of the unimportant is attached to what is casual. Fortuitous is applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition to what has been foreseen; as, a fortuitous concourse of atoms. We call a thing contingent when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else; as, the time of my coming will be contingent on intelligence yet to be received.

ACCIDENTAL
Ac`ci*den"tal, n.

1. A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything happening accidentally. He conceived it just that accidentals . . . should sink with the substance of the accusation. Fuller.

2. pl. (Paint.)

Defn: Those fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and other parts are cast into a deep shadow.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note.

ACCIDENTALISM
Ac`ci*den"tal*ism, n.

Defn: Accidental character or effect. Ruskin.

ACCIDENTALITY
Ac`ci*den*tal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being accidental; accidentalness. [R.]
Coleridge.

ACCIDENTALLY
Ac`ci*den"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally; casually; fortuitously; not essentially.

ACCIDENTALNESS
Ac`ci*den"tal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being accidental; casualness.

ACCIDIE
Ac"ci*die, n. Etym: [OF. accide, accidie, LL. accidia, acedia, fr.
Gr.

Defn: Sloth; torpor. [Obs.] "The sin of accidie." Chaucer.

ACCIPENSER
Ac`ci*pen"ser, n.

Defn: See Acipenser.

ACCIPIENT
Ac*cip"i*ent, n. Etym: [L. accipiens, p. pr. of accipere. See
Accept.]

Defn: A receiver. [R.] Bailey

ACCIPITER
Ac*cip"i*ter, n.; pl. E. Accipiters. L. Accipitres. Etym: [L., hawk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of rapacious birds; one of the Accipitres or Raptores.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.

ACCIPITRAL
Ac*cip"i*tral, n.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk; hawklike.
Lowell.

ACCIPITRES
Ac*cip"i*tres, n. pl. Etym: [L., hawks.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order that includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp, strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.

ACCIPITRINE
Ac*cip"i*trine (#; 277), a. Etym: [Cf. F. accipitrin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial; hawklike.

ACCISMUS
Ac*cis"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Affected refusal; coyness.

ACCITE Ac*cite", v. t. Etym: [L. accitus, p. p. of accire, accere, to call for; ad + ciere to move, call. See Cite.]

Defn: To cite; to summon. [Obs.]
Our heralds now accited all that were Endamaged by the Elians.
Chapman.

ACCLAIM
Ac*claim", v. t. Etym: [L. acclamare; ad + clamare to cry out. See
Claim, Clamor.] [R.]

1. To applaud. "A glad acclaiming train." Thomson.

2. To declare by acclamations. While the shouting crowd Acclaims thee king of traitors. Smollett.

3. To shout; as, to acclaim my joy.

ACCLAIM
Ac*claim", v. i.

Defn: To shout applause.

ACCLAIM
Ac*claim", n.

Defn: Acclamation. [Poetic] Milton.

ACCLAIMER
Ac*claim"er, n.

Defn: One who acclaims.

ACCLAMATION
Ac`cla*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. acclamatio: cf. F. acclamation.]

1. A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager expression of approval; loud applause. On such a day, a holiday having been voted by acclamation, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the children. Southey.

2. (Antiq.)

Defn: A representation, in sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy. Acclamation medals are those on which laudatory acclamations are recorded. Elmes.

ACCLAMATORY
Ac*clam"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.

ACCLIMATABLE
Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acclimated.

ACCLIMATATION
Ac*cli`ma*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acclimation. See Acclimate.]

Defn: Acclimatization.

ACCLIMATE
Ac*cli"mate (#; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acclimating.] Etym: [F. acclimater; à (l. ad) + climat climate. See
Climate.]

Defn: To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize. J. H.
Newman.

ACCLIMATEMENT
Ac*cli"mate*ment, n.

Defn: Acclimation. [R.]

ACCLIMATION
Ac`cli*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.

ACCLIMATIZABLE
Ac*cli"ma*ti`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acclimatized.

ACCLIMATIZATION
Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new climate, or the state of being so inured. Darwin.

ACCLIMATIZE
Ac*cli"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acclimatizing.]

Defn: To inure or habituate to a climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the inferior animals, or plants.

ACCLIMATURE
Ac*cli"ma*ture (#; 135), n.

Defn: The act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated. [R.]
Caldwell.

ACCLIVE
Ac*clive", a.

Defn: Acclivous. [Obs.]

ACCLIVITOUS
Ac*cliv"i*tous, a.

Defn: Acclivous. I. Taylor.

ACCLIVITOUS
Ac*cliv"i*tous, a.

Defn: Acclivous. I. Taylor.

ACCLIVITY Ac*cliv"i*ty, n.; pl. Acclivities. Etym: [L. acclivitas, fr. acclivis, acclivus, ascending; ad + clivus a hill, slope, fr. root kli to lean. See Lean.]

Defn: A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending; an upward slope; ascent.

ACCLIVOUS
Ac*cli"vous (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. acclivis and acclivus.]

Defn: Sloping upward; rising as a hillside; — opposed to declivous.

ACCLOY Ac*cloy", v. t. Etym: [OF. encloyer, encloer, F. enclouer, to drive in a nail, fr. L. in + clavus nail.]

Defn: To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to burden. See Cloy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACCOAST
Ac*coast", v. t. & i. Etym: [See Accost, Coast.]

Defn: To lie or sail along the coast or side of; to accost. [Obs.]
Whether high towering or accosting low. Spenser.

ACCOIL Ac*coil", v. t. Etym: [OE. acoillir to receive, F. accueillir; L. ad + colligere to collect. See Coil.]

1. To gather together; to collect. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To coil together. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

ACCOLADE Ac`co*lade" (#; 277), n. Etym: [F. accolade, It. accolata, fr. accollare to embrace; L. ad + collum neck.]

1. A ceremony formerly used in conferring knighthood, consisting am embrace, and a slight blow on the shoulders with the flat blade of a sword.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A brace used to join two or more staves.

ACCOMBINATION
Ac*com*bi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ad + E. combination.]

Defn: A combining together. [R.]

ACCOMMODABLE
Ac*com"mo*da*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. accommodable.]

Defn: That may be accommodated, fitted, or made to agree. [R.] I.
Watts.

ACCOMMODABLENESS
Ac*com"mo*dable*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being accommodable. [R.] Todd.

ACCOMMODATE
Ac*com"mo*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accommodated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accommodating.] Etym: [L. accommodatus, p. p. of accommodare; ad +
commodare to make fit, help; con- + modus measure, proportion. See
Mode.]

1. To render fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform; as, to accommodate ourselves to circumstances. "They accomodate their counsels to his inclination." Addison.

2. To bring into agreement or harmony; to reconcile; to compose; to adjust; to settle; as, to accommodate differences, a dispute, etc.

3. To furnish with something desired, needed, or convenient; to favor; to oblige; as, to accommodate a friend with a loan or with lodgings.

4. To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.; as, to accommodate prophecy to events.

Syn.
 — To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange.

ACCOMMODATE
Ac*com"mo*date, v. i.

Defn: To adapt one's self; to be conformable or adapted. [R.] Boyle.

ACCOMMODATE
Ac*com"mo*date, a. Etym: [L. accommodatus, p.p. of accommodare.]

Defn: Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means accommodate to end. [Archaic]
Tillotson.

ACCOMMODATELY
Ac*com"mo*date*ly, adv.

Defn: Suitably; fitly. [R.]

ACCOMMODATENESS
Ac*com"mo*date*ness, n.

Defn: Fitness. [R.]

ACCOMMODATING
Ac*com"mo*da`ting, a.

Defn: Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging; as an accommodating man, spirit, arrangement.

ACCOMMODATION Ac*com`mo*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. accommodatio, fr. accommodare: cf. F. accommodation.]

1. The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment; — followed by to. "The organization of the body with accommodation to its functions." Sir M. Hale.

2. Willingness to accommodate; obligingness.

3. Whatever supplies a want or affords ease, refreshment, or convenience; anything furnished which is desired or needful; — often in the plural; as, the accomodations — that is, lodgings and food — at an inn. Sir W. Scott.

4. An adjustment of differences; state of agreement; reconciliation; settlement. "To come to terms of accommodation." Macaulay.

5. The application of a writer's language, on the ground of analogy, to something not originally referred to or intended. Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably intended as nothing more than accommodations. Paley.

6. (Com.) (a) A loan of money. (b) An accommodation bill or note. Accommodation bill, or note (Com.), a bill of exchange which a person accepts, or a note which a person makes and delivers to another, not upon a consideration received, but for the purpose of raising money on credit. — Accommodation coach, or train, one running at moderate speed and stopping at all or nearly all stations. — Accommodation ladder (Naut.), a light ladder hung over the side of a ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to, small boats.

ACCOMMODATOR
Ac*com"mo*da`tor, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, accommodates. Warburton.

ACCOMPANABLE
Ac*com"pa*na*ble, a.

Defn: Sociable. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ACCOMPANIER
Ac*com"pa*ni*er, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, accompanies. Lamb.

ACCOMPANIMENT
Ac*com"pa*ni*ment, n. Etym: [F. accompagnement.]

Defn: That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry. Specifically: (Mus.)

Defn: A part performed by instruments, accompanying another part or parts performed by voices; the subordinate part, or parts, accompanying the voice or a principal instrument; also, the harmony of a figured bass. P. Cyc.

ACCOMPANIST
Ac*com"pa*nist, n.

Defn: The performer in music who takes the accompanying part. Busby.

ACCOMPANY
Ac*com"pa*ny, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accompanied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accompanying] Etym: [OF. aacompaignier, F. accompagner, to associate
with, fr. OF. compaign, compain, companion. See Company.]

1. To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with; — followed by with or by; as, he accompanied his speech with a bow. The Persian dames, . . . In sumptuous cars, accompanied his march. Glover. They are never alone that are accompanied with noble thoughts. Sir P. Sidney. He was accompanied by two carts filled with wounded rebels. Macaulay.

2. To cohabit with. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Syn. — To attend; escort; go with. — To Accompany, Attend, Escort. We accompany those with whom we go as companions. The word imports an equality of station. We attend those whom we wait upon or follow. The word conveys an idea of subordination. We escort those whom we attend with a view to guard and protect. A gentleman accompanies a friend to some public place; he attends or escorts a lady.

ACCOMPANY
Ac*com"pa*ny, v. i.

1. To associate in a company; to keep company. [Obs.] Bacon. Men say that they will drive away one another, . . . and not accompany together. Holland.

2. To cohabit (with). [Obs.] Milton.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition.

ACCOMPLETIVE
Ac*com"ple*tive, a. Etym: [L. ad + complere, completum, to fill up.]

Defn: Tending to accomplish. [R.]

ACCOMPLICE
Ac*com"plice, n. Etym: [Ac- (perh. for the article a or for L. ad) +
E. complice. See Complice.]

1. A cooperator. [R.]
Success unto our valiant general, And happiness to his accomplices!
Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory. "And thou, the cursed accomplice of his treason." Johnson.

Note: It is followed by with or of before a person and by in (or sometimes of) before the crime; as, A was an accomplice with B in the murder of C. Dryden uses it with to before a thing. "Suspected for accomplice to the fire." Dryden.

Syn. — Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate; confederate; coadjutor; ally; promoter. See Abettor.

ACCOMPLICESHIP
Ac*com"plice*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being an accomplice. [R.] Sir H. Taylor.

ACCOMPLICITY
Ac`com*plic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The act or state of being an accomplice. [R.]

ACCOMPLISH
Ac*com"plish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accomplished, p. pr. & vb. n.
Accomplishing.] Etym: [OE. acomplissen, OF. accomplir, F. accomplir;
L. ad + complere to fill up, complete. See Complete, Finish.]

1. To complete, as time or distance.
That He would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of
Jerusalem. Dan. ix. 2.
He had accomplished half a league or more. Prescott.

2. To bring to an issue of full success; to effect; to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; as, to accomplish a design, an object, a promise. This that is written must yet be accomplished in me. Luke xxii. 37.

3. To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish. The armorers accomplishing the knights. Shak. It [the moon] is fully accomplished for all those ends to which Providence did appoint it. Wilkins. These qualities . . . go to accomplish a perfect woman. Cowden Clarke.

4. To gain; to obtain. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. — To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect; effectuate; complete; consummate; execute; achieve; perfect; equip; furnish. — To Accomplish, Effect, Execute, Achieve, Perform. These words agree in the general idea of carrying out to some end proposed. To accomplish (to fill up to the measure of the intention) generally implies perseverance and skill; as, to accomplish a plan proposed by one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking. "Thou shalt accomplish my desire." 1 Kings v. 9. He . . . expressed his desire to see a union accomplished between England and Scotland. Macaulay. To effect (to work out) is much like accomplish. It usually implies some degree of difficulty contended with; as, he effected or accomplished what he intended, his purpose, but little. "What he decreed, he effected." Milton. To work in close design by fraud or guile What force effected not. Milton. To execute (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or into effect) implies a set mode of operation; as, to execute the laws or the orders of another; to execute a work, a purpose, design, plan, project. To perform is much like to do, though less generally applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and methodical effort; as, to perform a mission, a part, a task, a work. "Thou canst best perform that office." Milton. The Saints, like stars, around his seat Perform their courses still. Keble. To achieve (to come to the end or arrive at one's purpose) usually implies some enterprise or undertaking of importance, difficulty, and excellence.

ACCOMPLISHABLE
Ac*com"plish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being accomplished; practicable. Carlyle.

ACCOMPLISHED
Ac*com"plished, a.

1. Completed; effected; established; as, an accomplished fact.

2. Complete in acquirements as the result usually of training; — commonly in a good sense; as, an accomplished scholar, an accomplished villain. They . . . show themselves accomplished bees. Holland. Daughter of God and man, accomplished Eve. Milton.

ACCOMPLISHER
Ac*com"plish*er, n.

Defn: One who accomplishes.

ACCOMPLISHMENT
Ac*com"plish*ment, n. Etym: [F. accomplissement, fr. accomplir.]

1. The act of accomplishing; entire performance; completion; fulfillment; as, the accomplishment of an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc.

2. That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education or training. "My new accomplishment of dancing." Churchill. "Accomplishments befitting a station." Thackeray. Accomplishments have taken virtue's place, And wisdom falls before exterior grace. Cowper.

ACCOMPT
Ac*compt" (#; formerly #), n.

Defn: See Account.

Note: Accompt, accomptant, etc., are archaic forms.

ACCOMPTABLE
Ac*compt"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Accountable.

ACCOMPTANT
Ac*compt"ant, n.

Defn: See Accountant.

ACCORD Ac*cord", n. Etym: [OE. acord, accord, OF. acort, acorde, F. accord, fr. OF. acorder, F. accorder. See Accord, v. t.]

1. Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action; harmony of
mind; consent; assent.
A mediator of an accord and peace between them. Bacon.
These all continued with one accord in prayer. Acts i. 14.

2. Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone; concord; as, the accord of tones. Those sweet accords are even the angels' lays. Sir J. Davies.

3. Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of things; as, the accord of light and shade in painting.

4. Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to act; — preceded by own; as, of one's own accord. That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest thou shalt not reap. Lev. xxv. 5. Of his own accord he went unto you. 2 Cor. vii. 17.

5. (Law)

Defn: An agreement between parties in controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when executed, bars a suit. Blackstone. With one accord, with unanimity. They rushed with one accord into the theater. Acts xix. 29.

ACCORD
Ac*cord", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accorded; p. pr. & vb. n. According.]
Etym: [OE. acorden, accorden, OF. acorder, F. accorder, fr. LL.
accordare; L. ad + cor, cordis, heart. Cf. Concord, Discord, and see
Heart.]

1. To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to another; to adjust; — followed by to. [R.] Her hands accorded the lute's music to the voice. Sidney.

2. To bring to an agreement, as persons; to reconcile; to settle, adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things; as, to accord suits or controversies. When they were accorded from the fray. Spenser. All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult can never be accorded but by a competent stock of critical learning. South.

3. To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to award; as, to accord to one due praise. "According his desire." Spenser.

ACCORD
Ac*cord", v. i.

1. To agree; to correspond; to be in harmony; — followed by with, formerly also by to; as, his disposition accords with his looks. My heart accordeth with my tongue. Shak. Thy actions to thy words accord. Milton.

2. To agree in pitch and tone.

ACCORDABLE
Ac*cord"a*ble, a. Etym: [OF. acordable, F. accordable.]

1. Agreeing. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Reconcilable; in accordance.

ACCORDANCE
Ac*cord"ance, n. Etym: [OF. acordance.]

Defn: Agreement; harmony; conformity. "In strict accordance with the law." Macaulay.

Syn.
 — Harmony; unison; coincidence.

ACCORDANCY
Ac*cord"an*cy, n.

Defn: Accordance. [R.] Paley.

ACCORDANT
Ac*cord"ant, a. Etym: [OF. acordant, F. accordant.]

Defn: Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable; —
followed by with or to.
Strictly accordant with true morality. Darwin.
And now his voice accordant to the string. Coldsmith.

ACCORDANTLY
Ac*cord"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In accordance or agreement; agreeably; conformably; — followed by with or to.

ACCORDER
Ac*cord"er, n.

Defn: One who accords, assents, or concedes. [R.]

ACCORDING
Ac*cord"ing, p. a.

Defn: Agreeing; in agreement or harmony; harmonious. "This according
voice of national wisdom." Burke. "Mind and soul according well."
Tennyson.
According to him, every person was to be bought. Macaulay.
Our zeal should be according to knowledge. Sprat.

Note: According to has been called a prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, according is a participle in the sense of agreeing, acceding, and to alone is the preposition. According as, precisely as; the same as; corresponding to the way in which. According as is an adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been doubted; but good usage sanctions it. See According, adv. Is all things well, According as I gave directions Shak. The land which the Lord will give you according as he hath promised. Ex. xii. 25. p. 13

ACCORDING
Ac*cord"ing, adv.

Defn: Accordingly; correspondingly. [Obs.] Shak.

ACCORDINGLY
Ac*cord"ing*ly, adv.

1. Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably; in a manner conformable. Behold, and so proceed accordingly. Shak.

2. In natural sequence; consequently; so.

Syn. — Consequently; therefore; wherefore; hence; so. — Accordingly, Consequently, indicate a connection between two things, the latter of which is done on account of the former. Accordingly marks the connection as one of simple accordance or congruity, leading naturally to the result which followed; as, he was absent when I called, and I accordingly left my card; our preparations were all finished, and we accordingly set sail. Consequently all finished, and we accordingly set sail. Consequently marks a closer connection, that of logical or causal sequence; as, the papers were not ready, and consequently could not be signed.

ACCORDION
Ac*cor"di*on, n. Etym: [See Accord.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small, portable, keyed wind instrument, whose tones are generated by play of the wind upon free metallic reeds.

ACCORDIONIST
Ac*cor"di*on*ist, n.

Defn: A player on the accordion.

ACCORDMENT
Ac*cord"ment, n. Etym: [OF. acordement. See Accord, v.]

Defn: Agreement; reconcilement. [Obs.] Gower.

ACCORPORATE Ac*cor"po*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. accorporare; ad + corpus, corporis, body.]

Defn: To unite; to attach; to incorporate. [Obs.] Milton.

ACCOST
Ac*cost" (#; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accosted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accosting.] Etym: [F. accoster, LL. accostare to bring side by side;
L. ad + costa rib, side. See Coast, and cf. Accoast.]

1. To join side to side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast or side of. [Obs.] "So much [of Lapland] as accosts the sea." Fuller.

2. To approach; to make up to. [Archaic] Shak.

3. To speak to first; to address; to greet. "Him, Satan thus accosts." Milton.

ACCOST
Ac*cost", v. i.

Defn: To adjoin; to lie alongside. [Obs.] "The shores which to the sea accost." Spenser.

ACCOST
Ac*cost", n.

Defn: Address; greeting. [R.] J. Morley.

ACCOSTABLE
Ac*cost"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. accostable.]

Defn: Approachable; affable. [R.] Hawthorne.

ACCOSTED
Ac*cost"ed, a. (Her.)

Defn: Supported on both sides by other charges; also, side by side.

ACCOUCHEMENT Ac*couche"ment (#; 277), n. Etym: [F., fr. accoucher to be delivered of a child, to aid in delivery, OF. acouchier orig. to lay down, put to bed, go to bed; L. ad + collocare to lay, put, place. See Collate.]

Defn: Delivery in childbed

ACCOUCHEUR
Ac*cou*cheur", n. Etym: [F., fr. accoucher. See Accouchement.]

Defn: A man who assists women in childbirth; a man midwife; an obstetrician.

ACCOUCHEUSE
Ac*cou*cheuse", n. Etym: [F.., fem. of accoucher.]

Defn: A midwife. [Recent] Dunglison.

ACCOUNT Ac*count", n. Etym: [OE. acount, account, accompt, OF. acont, fr. aconter. See Account, v. t., Count, n., 1.]

1. A reckoning; computation; calculation; enumeration; a record of some reckoning; as, the Julian account of time. A beggarly account of empty boxes. Shak.

2. A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review; as, to keep one's account at the bank.

3. A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; as, no satisfactory account has been given of these phenomena. Hence, the word is often used simply for reason, ground, consideration, motive, etc.; as, on no account, on every account, on all accounts.

4. A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description; as, an account of a battle. "A laudable account of the city of London." Howell.

5. A statement and explanation or vindication of one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon. Give an account of thy stewardship. Luke xvi. 2.

6. An estimate or estimation; valuation; judgment. "To stand high in your account." Shak.

7. Importance; worth; value; advantage; profit. "Men of account." Pope. "To turn to account." Shak. Account current, a running or continued account between two or more parties, or a statement of the particulars of such an account. — In account with, in a relation requiring an account to be kept. — On account of, for the sake of; by reason of; because of. — On one's own account, for one's own interest or behalf. — To make account, to have an opinion or expectation; to reckon. [Obs.] s other part . . . makes account to find no slender arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which are commonly urged against it. Milton. — To make account of, to hold in estimation; to esteem; as, he makes small account of beauty. — To take account of, or to take into account, to take into consideration; to notice. "Of their doings, God takes no account." Milton . — A writ of account (Law), a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good cause to the contrary; — called also an action of account. Cowell.

Syn. — Narrative; narration; relation; recital; description; explanation; rehearsal. — Account, Narrative, Narration, Recital. These words are applied to different modes of rehearsing a series of events. Account turns attention not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group of incidents taken as whole; as, an account of a battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A narrative is a continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might tell to another; as, a narrative of the events of a siege, a narrative of one's life, etc. Narration is usually the same as narrative, but is sometimes used to describe the mode of relating events; as, his powers of narration are uncommonly great. Recital denotes a series of events drawn out into minute particulars, usually expressing something which peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the recital of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings, etc.

1. To reckon; to compute; to count. [Obs.] The motion of . . . the sun whereby years are accounted. Sir T. Browne.

2. To place to one's account; to put to the credit of; to assign; — with to. [R.] Clarendon.

3. To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge or consider; to deem. Accounting that God was able to raise him up. Heb. xi. 19.

4. To recount; to relate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACCOUNT
Ac*count", v. i.

1. To render or receive an account or relation of particulars; as, an officer must account with or to the treasurer for money received.

2. To render an account; to answer in judgment; — with for; as, we must account for the use of our opportunities.

3. To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause of; to explain; - - with for; as, idleness accounts for poverty. To account of, to esteem; to prize; to value. Now used only in the passive. "I account of her beauty." Shak. Newer was preaching more accounted of than in the sixteenth century. Canon Robinson.

ACCOUNTABILITY
Ac*count"a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account; accountableness. "The awful idea of accountability." R. Hall.

ACCOUNTABLE
Ac*count"a*ble, a.

1. Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable; as, every man is accountable to God for his conduct.

2. Capable of being accounted for; explicable. [R.] True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and accountable, — not a burden but a privilege. B. Whichcote.

Syn.
 — Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.

ACCOUNTABLENESS
Ac*count"a*ble ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being accountable; accountability.

ACCOUNTABLY
Ac*count"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an accountable manner.

ACCOUNTANCY
Ac*count"an*cy, n.

Defn: The art or employment of an accountant.

ACCOUNTANT
Ac*count"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. accomptant, OF. acontant, p. pr.]

1. One who renders account; one accountable.

2. A reckoner.

3. One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts. Accountatn general, the head or superintending accountant in certain public offices. Also, formerly, an officer in the English court of chancery who received the moneys paid into the court, and deposited them in the Bank of England.

ACCOUNTANT
Ac*count"ant, a.

Defn: Accountable. [Obs.] Shak.

ACCOUNTANTSHIP
Ac*count"ant*ship, n. Etym: [Accountant + -ship.]

Defn: The office or employment of an accountant.

ACCOUNT BOOK
Ac*count" book`.

Defn: A book in which accounts are kept. Swift.

ACCOUPLE
Ac*cou"ple, v. t. Etym: [OF. acopler, F. accoupler. See Couple.]

Defn: To join; to couple. [R.]
The Englishmen accoupled themselves with the Frenchmen. Hall.

ACCOUPLEMENT
Ac*cou"ple*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. accouplement.]

1. The act of coupling, or the state of being coupled; union. [R.] Caxton.

2. That which couples, as a tie or brace. [R.]

ACCOURAGE
Ac*cour"age, v. t. Etym: [OF. acoragier; à (L. ad) + corage. See
Courage.]

Defn: To encourage. [Obs.]

ACCOURT
Ac*court", v. t. Etym: [Ac-, for L. ad. See Court.]

Defn: To treat courteously; to court. [Obs.] Spenser.

ACCOUTER; ACCOUTRE Ac*cou"ter, Ac*cou"tre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accoutered or Accoutred; p. pr. & vb. n. Accoutering or Accoutring.] Etym: [F. accouter, OF. accoutrer, accoustrer; à (L. ad) + perh. LL. custor, for custos guardian, sacristan (cf. Custody), or perh. akin to E. guilt.]

Defn: To furnish with dress, or equipments, esp. those for military
service; to equip; to attire; to array.
Bot accoutered like young men. Shak.
For this, in rags accoutered are they seen. Dryden.
Accoutered with his burden and his staff. Wordsworth.

ACCOUTERMENTS; ACCOUTREMENTS
Ac*cou"ter*ments, Ac*cou"tre*ments, n. pl. Etym: [F. accoutrement,
earlier also accoustrement, earlier also accoustrement. See
Accouter.]

Defn: Dress; trappings; equipment; specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers. How gay with all the accouterments of war!

ACCOY
Ac*coy", v. t. Etym: [OF. acoyer; ac-, for L. ad. See Coy.]

1. To render quiet; to soothe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To subdue; to tame; to daunt. [Obs.] Then is your careless courage accoyed. Spenser.

ACCREDIT
Ac*cred"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accredited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accrediting.] Etym: [F. accréditer; à (L. ad) + crédit credit. See
Credit.]

1. To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority;
to sanction.
His censure will . . . accredit his praises. Cowper.
These reasons . . . which accredit and fortify mine opinion. Shelton.

2. To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate. Beton . . . was accredited to the Court of France. Froude.

3. To believe; to credit; to put trust in. The version of early Roman history which was accredited in the fifth century. Sir G. C. Lewis. He accredited and repeated stories of apparitions and witchcraft. Southey.

4. To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one) as doing something, or (something) as belonging to some one. To accredit (one) with (something), to attribute something to him; as, Mr. Clay was accredited with these views; they accredit him with a wise saying.

ACCREDITATION
Ac*cred`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of accrediting; as, letters of accreditation.

ACCREMENTITIAL
Ac`cre*men*ti"tial, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to accremention.

ACCREMENTITION
Ac`cre*men*ti"tion, n. Etym: [See Accresce, Increment.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The process of generation by development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new formation is in all respect like the individual from which it proceeds.

ACCRESCE
Ac*cresce", v. i. Etym: [L. accrescere. See Accrue.]

1. To accrue. [R.]

2. To increase; to grow. [Obs.] Gillespie.

ACCRESCENCE
Ac*cres"cence, n. Etym: [LL. accrescentia.]

Defn: Continuous growth; an accretion. [R.] The silent accrescence of belief from the unwatched depositions of a general, never contradicted hearsy. Coleridge.

ACCRESCENT Ac*cres"cent, a. Etym: [L. accrescens, -entis, p. pr. of accrescere; ad + crescere to grow. See Crescent.]

1. Growing; increasing. Shuckford.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing larger after flowering. Gray.

ACCRETE Ac*crete", v. i. Etym: [From L. accretus, p. p. of accrescere to increase.]

1. To grow together.

2. To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; — with to.

ACCRETE
Ac*crete", v. t.

Defn: To make adhere; to add. Earle.

ACCRETE
Ac*crete", a.

1. Characterized by accretion; made up; as, accrete matter.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Grown together. Gray.

ACCRETION
Ac*cre"tion, n. Etym: [L. accretio, fr. accrescere to increase. Cf.
Crescent, Increase, Accrue.]

1. The act of increasing by natural growth; esp. the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of parts; organic growth. Arbuthnot.

2. The act of increasing, or the matter added, by an accession of parts externally; an extraneous addition; as, an accretion of earth. A mineral . . . augments not by grown, but by accretion. Owen. To strip off all the subordinate parts of his as a later accretion. Sir G. C. Lewis.

3. Concretion; coherence of separate particles; as, the accretion of particles so as to form a solid mass.

4. A growing together of parts naturally separate, as of the fingers toes. Dana.

5. (Law) (a) The adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land by the washing up of sand or sail from the sea or a river, or by a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark. (b) Gain to an heir or legatee, failure of a coheir to the same succession, or a co-legatee of the same thing, to take his share. Wharton. Kent.

ACCRETIVE
Ac*cre"tive, a.

Defn: Relating to accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth.
Glanvill.

ACCRIMINATE
Ac*crim"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. ac- (for ad to) + criminari.]

Defn: To accuse of a crime. [Obs.] — Ac*crim`i*na"tion, n. [Obs.]

ACCROACH Ac*croach", v. t. Etym: [OE. acrochen, accrochen, to obtain, OF. acrochier, F. accrocher; à (L. ad) + croc hook (E. crook).]

1. To hook, or draw to one's self as with a hook. [Obs.]

2. To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal prerogatives. They had attempted to accroach to themselves royal power. Stubbs.

ACCROACHMENT
Ac*croach"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. accrochement.]

Defn: An encroachment; usurpation. [Obs.] Bailey.

ACCRUAL
Ac*cru"al, n.

Defn: Accrument. [R.]

ACCRUE
Ac*crue", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Accrued; p. pr. & vb. n. Accruing.]
Etym: [See Accrue, n., and cf. Accresce, Accrete.]

1. To increase; to augment. And though power failed, her courage did accrue. Spenser.

2. To come to by way of increase; to arise or spring as a growth or result; to be added as increase, profit, or damage, especially as the produce of money lent. "Interest accrues to principal." Abbott. The great and essential advantages accruing to society from the freedom of the press. Junius.

ACCRUE
Ac*crue", n. Etym: [F. accrû, OF. acreü, p. p. of accroitre, OF.
acroistre to increase; L. ad + crescere to increase. Cf. Accretion,
Crew. See Crescent.]

Defn: Something that accrues; advantage accruing. [Obs.]

ACCRUER
Ac*cru"er, n. (Law)

Defn: The act of accruing; accretion; as, title by accruer.

ACCRUMENT
Ac*cru"ment, n.

Defn: The process of accruing, or that which has accrued; increase.
Jer. Taylor.

ACCUBATION Ac`cu*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. accubatio, for accubatio, fr. accubare to recline; ad + cubare to lie down. See Accumb.]

Defn: The act or posture of reclining on a couch, as practiced by the ancients at meals.

ACCUMB Ac*cumb", v. i. Etym: [L. accumbere; ad + cumbere (only in compounds) to lie down.]

Defn: To recline, as at table. [Obs.] Bailey.

ACCUMBENCY
Ac*cum"ben*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being accumbent or reclining. [R.]

ACCUMBENT
Ac*cum"bent, a.

1. Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their meals. The Roman.. accumbent posture in eating. Arbuthnot.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Lying against anything, as one part of a leaf against another
leaf. Gray.
Accumbent cotyledons have their edges placed against the caulicle.
Eaton.

ACCUMBENT
Ac*cum"bent, n.

Defn: One who reclines at table.

ACCUMBER
Ac*cum"ber, v. t.

Defn: To encumber. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACCUMULATE
Ac*cu"mu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accumulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accumulating.] Etym: [L. accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare; ad +
cumulare to heap. See Cumulate.]

Defn: To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together; to amass; as, to accumulate a sum of money.

Syn. — To collect; pile up; store; amass; gather; aggregate; heap together; hoard.

ACCUMULATE
Ac*cu"mu*late, v. i.

Defn: To grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase greatly. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates, and men decay. Goldsmith.

ACCUMULATE
Ac*cu"mu*late, a. Etym: [L. accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare.]

Defn: Collected; accumulated. Bacon.

ACCUMULATION
Ac*cu`mu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. accumulatio; cf. F. accumulation.]

1. The act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated, or that which is accumulated; as, an accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of honors.

2. (Law)

Defn: The concurrence of several titles to the same proof. Accumulation of energy or power, the storing of energy by means of weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored. — An accumulation of degrees (Eng. Univ.), the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than usual or than is allowed by the rules.

ACCUMULATIVE
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass;
cumulative; additional.
 — Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ly, adv.
 — Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ness, n.

ACCUMULATOR
Ac*cu"mu*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who, or that which, accumulates, collects, or amasses.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: An apparatus by means of which energy or power can be stored, such as the cylinder or tank for storing water for hydraulic elevators, the secondary or storage battery used for accumulating the energy of electrical charges, etc.

3. A system of elastic springs for relieving the strain upon a rope, as in deep-sea dredging.

ACCURACY
Ac"cu*ra*cy (#; 277), n. Etym: [See Accurate.]

Defn: The state of being accurate; freedom from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness; exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or model; precision; exactness; nicety; correctness; as, the value of testimony depends on its accuracy. The professed end [of logic] is to teach men to think, to judge, and to reason, with precision and accuracy. Reid. The accuracy with which the piston fits the sides. Lardner.

ACCURATE Ac"cu*rate, a. Etym: [L. accuratus, p. p. and a., fr. accurare to take care of; ad + curare to take care, cura care. See Cure.]

1. In exact or careful conformity to truth, or to some standard of requirement, the result of care or pains; free from failure, error, or defect; exact; as, an accurate calculator; an accurate measure; accurate expression, knowledge, etc.

2. Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful. [Obs.] Those conceive the celestial bodies have more accurate influences upon these things below. Bacon.

Syn. — Correct; exact; just; nice; particular. — Accurate, Correct, Exact, Precise. We speak of a thing as correct with reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a correct account, a correct likeness, a man of correct deportment. We speak of a thing as accurate with reference to the care bestowed upon its execution, and the increased correctness to be expected therefrom; as, an accurate statement, an accurate detail of particulars. We speak of a thing as exact with reference to that perfected state of a thing in which there is no defect and no redundance; as, an exact coincidence, the exact truth, an exact likeness. We speak of a thing as precise when we think of it as strictly conformed to some rule or model, as if cut down thereto; as a precise conformity instructions; precisely right; he was very precise in giving his directions.

ACCURATELY
Ac"cu*rate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an accurate manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.

ACCURATENESS
Ac"cu*rate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being accurate; accuracy; exactness; nicety; precision.

ACCURSE Ac*curse", v. t. Etym: [OE. acursien, acorsien; pref. a + cursien to curse. See Curse.]

Defn: To devote to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon; to
curse; to execrate; to anathematize.
And the city shall be accursed. Josh. vi. 17.
Thro' you, my life will be accurst. Tennyson.

ACCURSED; ACCURST
Ac*cursed", Ac*curst", p. p. & a.

Defn: Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; — as, an accursed deed. Shak. — Ac*curs"ed*ly, adv. — Ac*curs"ed*ness, n.

ACCUSABLE
Ac*cus"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. accusabilis: cf. F. accusable.]

Defn: Liable to be accused or censured; chargeable with a crime or fault; blamable; — with of.

ACCUSAL
Ac*cus"al, n.

Defn: Accusation. [R.] Byron.

ACCUSANT Ac*cus"ant, n. Etym: [L. accusans, p. pr. of accusare: cf. F. accusant.]

Defn: An accuser. Bp. Hall.

ACCUSATION Ac`cu*sa"tion, n. Etym: [OF. acusation, F. accusation, L. accusatio, fr. accusare. See Accuse.]

1. The act of accusing or charging with a crime or with a lighter offense. We come not by the way of accusation To taint that honor every good tongue blesses. Shak.

2. That of which one is accused; the charge of an offense or crime, or the declaration containing the charge. [They] set up over his head his accusation. Matt. xxvii. 37.

Syn.
 — Impeachment; crimination; censure; charge.

ACCUSATIVAL
Ac*cu`sa*ti"val, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the accusative case.

ACCUSATIVE Ac*cu"sa*tive, a. Etym: [F. accusatif, L. accusativus (in sense 2), fr. accusare. See Accuse.]

1. Producing accusations; accusatory. "This hath been a very accusative age." Sir E. Dering.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb terminates, or the immediate object of motion or tendency to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to the objective case in English.

ACCUSATIVE
Ac*cu"sa*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The accusative case.

ACCUSATIVELY
Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly, adv.

1. In an accusative manner.

2. In relation to the accusative case in grammar.

ACCUSATORIAL
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Accusatory.

ACCUSATORIALLY
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way accusation.

ACCUSATORY
Ac*cu"sa*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. accusatorius, fr. accusare.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; as, an accusatory libel. Grote.

ACCUSE
Ac*cuse", n.

Defn: Accusation. [Obs.] Shak.

ACCUSE
Ac*cuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accused; p. pr. & vb. n. Accusing.]
Etym: [OF. acuser, F. accuser, L. accusare, to call to account,
accuse; ad + causa cause, lawsuit. Cf. Cause.]

1. To charge with, or declare to have committed, a crime or offense; (Law)

Defn: to charge with an offense, judicially or by a public process; - - with of; as, to accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor. Neither can they prove the things whereof they now accuse me. Acts xxiv. 13. We are accused of having persuaded Austria and Sardinia to lay down their arms. Macaulay.

2. To charge with a fault; to blame; to censure. Their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else excusing one another. Rom. ii. 15.

3. To betray; to show. Etym: [L.] Sir P. Sidney.

Syn. — To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate; indict; impeach; arraign. — To Accuse, Charge, Impeach, Arraign. These words agree in bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing. To accuse is a somewhat formal act, and is applied usually (though not exclusively) to crimes; as, to accuse of treason. Charge is the most generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault, etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to charge with dishonesty or falsehood. To arraign is to bring (a person) before a tribunal for trial; as, to arraign one before a court or at the bar public opinion. To impeach is officially to charge with misbehavior in office; as, to impeach a minister of high crimes. Both impeach and arraign convey the idea of peculiar dignity or impressiveness.

ACCUSED
Ac*cused", a.

Defn: Charged with offense; as, an accused person.

Note: Commonly used substantively; as, the accused, one charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal case.

ACCUSEMENT
Ac*cuse"ment, n. Etym: [OF. acusement. See Accuse.]

Defn: Accusation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACCUSER Ac*cus"er, n. Etym: [OE. acuser, accusour; cf. OF. acuseor, fr. L. accusator, fr. accusare.]

Defn: One who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault.

ACCUSINGLY
Ac*cus"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an accusing manner.

ACCUSTOM
Ac*cus"tom, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accustomed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Accustoming.] Etym: [OF. acostumer, acustumer, F. accoutumer; à (L.
ad) + OF. costume, F. coutume, custom. See Custom.]

Defn: To make familiar by use; to habituate, familiarize, or inure; -
- with to.
I shall always fear that he who accustoms himself to fraud in little
things, wants only opportunity to practice it in greater. Adventurer.

Syn.
 — To habituate; inure; exercise; train.

ACCUSTOM
Ac*cus"tom, v. i.

1. To be wont. [Obs.] Carew.

2. To cohabit. [Obs.] We with the best men accustom openly; you with the basest commit private adulteries. Milton.

ACCUSTOM
Ac*cus"tom, n.

Defn: Custom. [Obs.] Milton.

ACCUSTOMABLE
Ac*cus"tom*a*ble, a.

Defn: Habitual; customary; wonted. "Accustomable goodness." Latimer.

ACCUSTOMABLY
Ac*cus"tom*a*bly, adv.

Defn: According to custom; ordinarily; customarily. Latimer.

ACCUSTOMANCE
Ac*cus"tom*ance, n. Etym: [OF. accoustumance, F. accoutumance.]

Defn: Custom; habitual use. [Obs.] Boyle.

ACCUSTOMARILY
Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: Customarily. [Obs.]

ACCUSTOMARY
Ac*cus"tom*a*ry, a.

Defn: Usual; customary. [Archaic] Featley.

ACCUSTOMED
Ac*cus"tomed, a.

1. Familiar through use; usual; customary. "An accustomed action." Shak.

2. Frequented by customers. [Obs.] "A well accustomed shop." Smollett.

ACCUSTOMEDNESS
Ac*cus"tomed*ness, n.

Defn: Habituation.
Accustomedness to sin hardens the heart. Bp. Pearce.

ACE Ace, n.; pl. Aces. Etym: [OE. as, F. as, fr. L. as, assis, unity, copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. As.]

1. A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die; the card or die so marked; as, the ace of diamonds.

2. Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a particle; an atom; a jot. I 'll not wag an ace further. Dryden. To bate an ace, to make the least abatement. [Obs.] — Within an ace of, very near; on the point of. W. Irving.

ACELDAMA
A*cel"da*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. okel damo the field of blood.]

Defn: The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem, purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his Master, and therefore called the field of blood. Fig.: A field of bloodshed. The system of warfare . . . which had already converted immense tracts into one universal aceldama. De Quincey.

ACENTRIC
A*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Not centered; without a center.

ACEPHAL
Ac"e*phal, n. Etym: [Gr. acéphale, LL. acephalus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Acephala.

ACEPHALA
A*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Acephal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That division of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells, like the clams and oysters; — so called because they have no evident head. Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda, and sometimes the Bryozoa. See Mollusca.

ACEPHALAN
A*ceph"a*lan, n.

Defn: Same as Acephal.

ACEPHALAN
A*ceph"a*lan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Acephala.

ACEPHALI
A*ceph"a*li, n. pl. Etym: [LL., pl. of acephalus. See Acephal.]

1. A fabulous people reported by ancient writers to have heads.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) A Christian sect without a leader. (b) Bishops and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.

3. A class of levelers in the time of K. Henry I.

ACEPHALIST
A*ceph"a*list, n.

Defn: One who acknowledges no head or superior. Dr. Gauden.

ACEPHALOCYST
A*ceph"a*lo*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A larval entozoön in the form of a subglobular or oval vesicle, or hy datid, filled with fluid, sometimes found in the tissues of man and the lower animals; — so called from the absence of a head or visible organs on the vesicle. These cysts are the immature stages of certain tapeworms. Also applied to similar cysts of different origin.

ACEPHALOCYSTIC
A*ceph`a*lo*cys"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the acephalocysts.

ACEPHALOUS
A*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [See Acephal.]

1. Headless.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without a distinct head; — a term applied to bivalve mollusks.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the style spring from the base, instead of from the apex, as is the case in certain ovaries.

4. Without a leader or chief.

5. Wanting the beginning. A false or acephalous structure of sentence. De Quincey.

6. (Pros.)

Defn: Deficient and the beginning, as a line of poetry. Brande.

ACEQUIA
A*ce"qui*a, n. [Sp.]

Defn: A canal or trench for irrigating land. [Sp. Amer.]

ACERATE
Ac"er*ate, n. Etym: [See Aceric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of aceric acid with a salifiable base.

ACERATE
Ac"er*ate, a.

Defn: Acerose; needle-shaped.

ACERB
A*cerb", a. Etym: [L. acerbus, fr. acer sharp: cf. F. acerbe. See
Acrid.]

Defn: Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, as unripe fruit; sharp and harsh.

ACERBATE A*cerb"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. acerbatus, p. p. of acerbare, fr. acerbus.]

Defn: To sour; to imbitter; to irritate.

ACERBIC
A*cerb"ic, a.

Defn: Sour or severe.

ACERBITUDE
A*cerb"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. acerbitudo, fr. acerbus.]

Defn: Sourness and harshness. [Obs.] Bailey.

ACERBITY
A*cerb"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. acerbité, L. acerbitas, fr. acerbus. See
Acerb.]

1. Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like that of unripe fruit.

2. Harshness, bitterness, or severity; as, acerbity of temper, of language, of pain. Barrow.

ACERIC
A*cer"ic, a. Etym: [L. acer maple.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the maple; as, aceric acid.
Ure.

ACEROSE Ac"er*ose`, a. Etym: [(a) L. acerosus chaffy, fr. acus, gen. aceris, chaff; (b) as if fr. L. acus needle: cf. F. acéreux.] (Bot.) (a) Having the nature of chaff; chaffy. (b) Needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as the leaf of the pine.

ACEROUS
Ac"er*ous, a.

Defn: Same as Acerose.

ACEROUS Ac"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. &a; priv. + keras a horn.] (Zoöl.) (a) Destitute of tentacles, as certain mollusks. (b) Without antennæ, as some insects.

ACERVAL
A*cer"val, a. Etym: [L. acervalis, fr. acervus heap.]

Defn: Pertaining to a heap. [Obs.]

ACERVATE A*cer"vate, v. t. Etym: [L. acervatus, p. p. of acervare to heap up, fr. acervus heap.]

Defn: To heap up. [Obs.]

ACERVATE
A*cer"vate, a.

Defn: Heaped, or growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.

ACERVATION
Ac`er*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. acervatio.]

Defn: A heaping up; accumulation. [R.] Johnson.

ACERVATIVE
A*cer"va*tive, a.

Defn: Heaped up; tending to heap up.

ACERVOSE
A*cer"vose, a.

Defn: Full of heaps. [R.] Bailey.

ACERVULINE
A*cer"vu*line, a.

Defn: Resembling little heaps.

ACESCENCE; ACESCENCY
A*ces"cence, A*ces"cen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acescence. See Acescent.]

Defn: The quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a moderate degree of sourness. Johnson.

ACESCENT A*ces"cent, a. Etym: [L. acescens, -entis, p. pr. of acescere to turn sour; inchoative of acere to be sour: cf. F. acescent. See Acid.]

Defn: Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly sour.
Faraday.

ACESCENT
A*ces"cent, n.

Defn: A substance liable to become sour.

ACETABLE
Ac"e*ta*ble, n.

Defn: An acetabulum; or about one eighth of a pint. [Obs.] Holland.

ACETABULAR
Ac`e*tab"u*lar, a.

Defn: Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.

ACETABULIFERA
Ac`e*tab`u*lif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Acetabuliferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Cephalopoda in which the arms are furnished with cup-shaped suckers, as the cuttlefishes, squids, and octopus; the Dibranchiata. See Cephalopoda.

ACETABULIFEROUS Ac`e*tab`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. acetablum a little cup + - ferous.]

Defn: Furnished with fleshy cups for adhering to bodies, as cuttlefish, etc.

ACETABULIFORM
Ac`e*tab"u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. acetabulum + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a shallow; saucer-shaped; as, an acetabuliform calyx. Gray.

ACETABULUM Ac`e*tab"u*lum, n. Etym: [L., a little saucer for vinegar, fr. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A vinegar cup; socket of the hip bone; a measure of about one eighth of a pint, etc.

2. (Anat.) (a) The bony cup which receives the head of the thigh bone. (b) The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its articulation with the body. (c) A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals. (d) The large posterior sucker of the leeches. (e) One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating animals.

ACETAL
Ac"e*tal, n. Etym: [Acetic + alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A limpid, colorless, inflammable liquid from the slow oxidation of alcohol under the influence of platinum black.

ACETALDEHYDE
Ac`et*al"de*hyde, n.

Defn: Acetic aldehyde. See Aldehyde.

ACETAMIDE
Ac`et*am"ide, n. Etym: [Acetyl + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline solid, from ammonia by replacement of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.

ACETANILIDE
Ac`et*an"i*lide, n. Etym: [Acetyl + anilide.] (Med.)

Defn: A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to allay fever or pain; — called also antifebrine.

ACETARIOUS Ac`e*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. acetaria, n. pl., salad, fr. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.]

Defn: Used in salads; as, acetarious plants.

ACETARY
Ac"e*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. acetaria salad plants.]

Defn: An acid pulp in certain fruits, as the pear. Grew.

ACETATE
Ac"e*tate, n. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the union of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; as, acetate of lead, acetate of potash.

ACETATED
Ac"e*ta`ted, a.

Defn: Combined with acetic acid.

ACETIC A*ce"tic (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] (Chem.) (a) Of a pertaining to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; as, acetic fermentation. (b) Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, as acetic ether, acetic acid. The latter is the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.

ACETIFICATION
A*cet`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of becoming converted, into vinegar.

ACETIFIER
A*cet"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: An apparatus for hastening acetification. Knight.

ACETIFY
A*cet"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acetified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acetifying.] Etym: [L. acetum vinegar + -fly.]

Defn: To convert into acid or vinegar.

ACETIFY
A*cet"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To turn acid. Encyc. Dom. Econ.

ACETIMETER Ac`e*tim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar + -meter: cf. F. acétimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid containing acetic acid.

ACETIMETRY
Ac`e*tim"e*try, n.

Defn: The act or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the proportion of acetic acid contained in it. Ure.

ACETIN
Ac"e*tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of acetic acid with glycerin. Brande & C.

ACETIZE
Ac"e*tize, v. i.

Defn: To acetify. [R.]

ACETOL
Ac"e*tol, n. [Acetic + -ol as in alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Methyl ketol; also, any of various homologues of the same.

ACETOMETER
Ac`e*tom"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Acetimeter. Brande & C.

ACETONAEMIA; ACETONEMIA
Ac`e*to*næ"mi*a, Ac`e*to*ne"mi*a, n. [NL. See Acetone; Hæma-.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition characterized by the presence of acetone in the blood, as in diabetes.

ACETONE
Ac"e*tone, n. Etym: [See Acetic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A volatile liquid consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, — obtained by the distillation of certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.

Note: The term in also applied to a number of bodies of similar constitution, more frequently called ketones. See Ketone.

ACETONIC
Ac`e*ton"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to acetone; as, acetonic bodies.

ACETONURIA
Ac`e*to*nu"ri*a, n. [NL. See Acetone; Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: Excess of acetone in the urine, as in starvation or diabetes.

ACETOPHENONE
Ac`e*to*phe"none, n. [Acetic + phenyl + one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline ketone, CH3COC6H5, which may be obtained by the dry distillation of a mixture of the calcium salts of acetic and benzoic acids. It is used as a hypnotic under the name of hypnone.

ACETOSE
Ac"e*tose, a.

Defn: Sour like vinegar; acetous.

ACETOSITY
Ac`e*tos"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. acetositas. See Acetous.]

Defn: The quality of being acetous; sourness.

ACETOUS A*ce"tous (#; 277), a. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.]

1. Having a sour taste; sour; acid. "An acetous spirit." Boyle. "A liquid of an acetous kind." Bp. Lowth.

2. Causing, or connected with, acetification; as, acetous fermentation. Acetous acid, a name formerly given to vinegar.

ACETYL
Ac"e*tyl, n. Etym: [L. acetum vinegar + Gr. -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.

ACETYLENE
A*cet"y*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant. Watts.

ACH; ACHE
Ach, Ache, n. Etym: [F. ache, L. apium parsley.]

Defn: A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. [Obs.] Holland.

ACHAEAN; ACHAIAN
A*chæ"an, A*cha"ian a. Etym: [L. Achaeus, Achaius; Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian.
 — n.

Defn: A native of Achaia; a Greek.

ACHARNEMENT
A*char"ne*ment, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Savage fierceness; ferocity.

ACHATE
Ach"ate, n.

Defn: An agate. [Obs.] Evelyn.

ACHATE
A*chate", n. Etym: [F. achat purchase. See Cates.]

1. Purchase; bargaining. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. pl.

Defn: Provisions. Same as Cates. [Obs.] Spenser.

ACHATINA
Ach`a*ti"na, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and Africa.

ACHATOUR
A*cha*tour", n. Etym: [See Cater.]

Defn: Purveyor; acater. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ACHE Ache, n. Etym: [OE. ache, AS. æce, ece, fr. acan to ache. See Ache, v. i.]

Defn: Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. "Such an ache in my bones." Shak.

Note: Often used in composition, as, a headache, an earache, a toothache.

ACHE Ache, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ached; p. pr. & vb. n. Aching.] Etym: [OE. aken, AS. acan, both strong verbs, AS. acan, imp. oc, p. p. acen, to ache; perh. orig. to drive, and akin to agent.]

Defn: To suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be distressed. "My old bones ache." Shak. The sins that in your conscience ache. Keble.

ACHEAN
A*che"an, a & n.

Defn: See Achæan, Achaian.

ACHENE; ACHENIUM
A*chene", A*che"ni*um n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; — called a naked seed by the earlier botanists. [Written also akene and achænium.]

ACHENIAL
A*che"ni*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an achene.

ACHERON
Ach"e*ron, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: A river in the Nether World or infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By some of the English poets it was supposed to be a flaming lake or gulf. Shak.

ACHERONTIC
Ach`e*ron"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy; moribund.

A CHEVAL
A` che*val". [F., lit., on horseback.]

Defn: Astride; with a part on each side; — used specif. in designating the position of an army with the wings separated by some line of demarcation, as a river or road.

A position à cheval on a river is not one which a general willingly
assumes.
Swinton.

ACHIEVABLE
A*chiev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being achieved. Barrow.

ACHIEVANCE
A*chiev"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. achevance.]

Defn: Achievement. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

ACHIEVE
A*chieve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Achieved; p. pr. & vb. n. Achieving.]
Etym: [OE. acheven, OF. achever, achiever, F. achever, to finish; à
(L. ad) + OF. chief, F. chef, end, head, fr. L. caput head. See
Chief.]

1. To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected state; to accomplish; to perform; — as, to achieve a feat, an exploit, an enterprise. Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be achieved in any line by the aid of a capital, invigorating motive than without it. I. Taylor.

2. To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion; to succeed in
gaining; to win.
Some are born great, some achieve greatness. Shak.
Thou hast achieved our liberty. Milton.

Note: [[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]
Show all the spoils by valiant kings achieved. Prior.
He hath achieved a maid That paragons description. Shak.

3. To finish; to kill. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. — To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute; perform; realize; obtain. See Accomplish.

ACHIEVEMENT
A*chieve"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. achèvement, E. Hatchment.]

1. The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining by exertion; successful performance; accomplishment; as, the achievement of his object.

2. A great or heroic deed; something accomplished by valor, boldness, or praiseworthy exertion; a feat. [The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the most famous achievements of pagan heroes. Barrow. The highest achievements of the human intellect. Macaulay.

3. (Her.)

Defn: An escutcheon or ensign armorial; now generally applied to the funeral shield commonly called hatchment. Cussans.

ACHIEVER
A*chiev"er, n.

Defn: One who achieves; a winner.

ACHILLEAN
Ach`il*le"an, a.

Defn: Resembling Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.

ACHILLES' TENDON
A*chil"les' ten"don, n. Etym: [L. Achillis tendo.] (Anat.)

Defn: The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the heel; — so called from the mythological account of Achilles being held by the heel when dipped in the River Styx.

ACHILOUS
A*chi"lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Without a lip.

ACHING
Ach"ing, a.

Defn: That aches; continuously painful. See Ache.
 — Ach"ing*ly, adv.
The aching heart, the aching head. Longfellow.

ACHIOTE
A`chi*o"te, n. Etym: [Sp. achiote, fr. Indian achiotl.]

Defn: Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter, annotto.

ACHLAMYDATE
A*chlam"y*date, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Not possessing a mantle; — said of certain gastropods.

ACHLAMYDEOUS
Ach`la*myd"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Naked; having no floral envelope, neither calyx nor corolla.

ACHOLIA
A*cho"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Deficiency or want of bile.

ACHOLOUS
Ach"o*lous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Lacking bile.

ACHROMATIC
Ach`ro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. achromatique.]

1. (Opt.)

Defn: Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it into its primary colors.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Uncolored; not absorbing color from a fluid; — said of tissue. Achromatic lens (Opt.), a lens composed usually of two separate lenses, a convex and concave, of substances having different refractive and dispersive powers, as crown and flint glass, with the curvatures so adjusted that the chromatic aberration produced by the one is corrected by other, and light emerges from the compound lens undecomposed. — Achromatic prism. See Prism. — Achromatic telescope, or microscope, one in which the chromatic aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or achromatic object glass, and which gives images free from extraneous color.

ACHROMATICALLY
Ach`ro*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an achromatic manner.

ACHROMATICITY
Ach`ro*ma*tic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Achromatism.

ACHROMATIN
A*chro"ma*tin, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Tissue which is not stained by fluid dyes. W. Flemming.

ACHROMATISM
A*chro"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. achromatisme.]

Defn: The state or quality of being achromatic; as, the achromatism of a lens; achromaticity. Nichol.

ACHROMATIZATION
A*chro`ma*ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. achromatisation.]

Defn: The act or process of achromatizing.

ACHROMATIZE
A*chro"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Achromatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Achromatizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To deprive of color; to make achromatic.

ACHROMATOPSY
A*chro"ma*top"sy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Color blindness; inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.

ACHROMATOUS
A*chro"ma*tous, a. [See Ahromatic.]

Defn: Lacking, or deficient in, color; as, achromatous blood.

ACHROMIC
A*chro"mic, a. [Gr. colorless; priv. + color.]

Defn: Free from color; colorless; as, in Physiol. Chem., the achromic point of a starch solution acted upon by an amylolytic enzyme is the point at which it fails to give any color with iodine.

ACHRONIC
A*chron"ic, a.

Defn: See Acronyc.

ACHROODEXTRIN; ACHROOEDEXTRIN
Ach`ro*ö*dex"trin, n. Etym: [Gr. dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Dextrin not colorable by iodine. See Dextrin.

ACHROOUS
Ach"ro*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Colorless; achromatic.

ACHYLOUS
A*chy"lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Without chyle.

ACHYMOUS
A*chy"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Without chyme.

ACICULA A*cic"u*la, n.; pl. Aciculæ. Etym: [L., a small needle, dimin. of acus needle.] (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: One of the needlelike or bristlelike spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike crystal.

ACICULAR
A*cic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some leaves or crystals; also, having sharp points like needless. A*cic"u*lar*ly, adv.

ACICULATE; ACICULATED A*cic"u*late, A*cic"u*la"ted a. (Nat. Hist.) (a) Furnished with aciculæ. (b) Acicular. (c) Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a needle. Lindley.

ACICULIFORM
A*cic"u*li*form, a. Etym: [L. acicula needle + -form.]

Defn: Needle-shaped; acicular.

ACICULITE
A*cic"u*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Needle ore. Brande & C.

ACID Ac"id, a. Etym: [L. acidus sour, fr. the root ak to be sharp: cf. F. acide. Cf. Acute.]

1. Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar: as, acid fruits or liquors. Also fig.: Sour-tempered. He was stern and his face as acid as ever. A. Trollope.

2. Of or pertaining to an acid; as, acid reaction.

ACID
Ac"id, n.

1. A sour substance.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of compounds, generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste, solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called hydracids in distinction from the others which are called oxygen acids or oxacids.

Note: In certain cases, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium may take the place of oxygen, and the corresponding compounds are called respectively sulphur acids or sulphacids, selenium acids, or tellurium acids. When the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and hence acids are sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as hydrogen nitrate for nitric acid, hydrogen sulphate for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry the name acid was applied to the oxides of the negative or nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called anhydrides.

ACIDIC
A*cid"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Containing a high percentage of silica; — opposed to basic. an acidic solution.

ACIDIFEROUS
Ac`id*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. acidus sour + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or yielding an acid.

ACIDIFIABLE
A*cid"i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.

ACIDIFIC
Ac`id*if"ic, a.

Defn: Producing acidity; converting into an acid. Dana.

ACIDIFICATION
A*cid`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acidification.]

Defn: The act or process of acidifying, or changing into an acid.

ACIDIFIER
A*cid"i*fi`er, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A simple or compound principle, whose presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.

ACIDIFY
A*cid"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acidified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acidifying.] Etym: [L. acidus sour, acid + -fy: cf. F. acidifier.]

1. To make acid; to convert into an acid; as, to acidify sugar.

2. To sour; to imbitter. His thin existence all acidified into rage. Carlyle.

ACIDIMETER
Ac`id*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. acidus acid + -meter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids. Ure.

ACIDIMETRY
Ac`id*im"e*try, n. Etym: [L. acidus acid + -metry.] (Chem.)

Defn: The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required. — Ac`id*i*met"ric*al, a.

ACIDITY
A*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. acidites, fr. acidus: cf. F. acidité. See
Acid.]

Defn: The quality of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste; as, the acidity of lemon juice.

ACIDLY
Ac"id*ly, adv.

Defn: Sourly; tartly.

ACIDNESS
Ac"id*ness, n.

Defn: Acidity; sourness.

ACID PROCESS
Ac"id proc"ess. (Iron Metal.)

Defn: That variety of either the Bessemer or the open-hearth process in which the converter or hearth is lined with acid, that is, highly siliceous, material. Opposed to basic process.

ACIDULATE
A*cid"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acidulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acidulating.] Etym: [Cf. F. aciduler. See Acidulous.]

Defn: To make sour or acid in a moderate degree; to sour somewhat.
Arbuthnot.

ACIDULENT
A*cid"u*lent, a.

Defn: Having an acid quality; sour; acidulous. "With anxious, acidulent face." Carlyle.

ACIDULOUS
A*cid"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. acidulus, dim. of acidus. See Acid.]

Defn: Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; as, an acidulous tincture. E.
Burke. Acidulous mineral waters, such as contain carbonic anhydride.

ACIERAGE
Ac`i*er*age, n. Etym: [F. aciérage, fr. acier steel.]

Defn: The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic electricity; steeling.

ACIFORM
Ac"i*form, a. Etym: [L. acus needle + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a needle.

ACINACEOUS
Ac"i*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. acinus a grape, grapestone.] (Bot.)

Defn: Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like them.

ACINACES
A*cin"a*ces, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Anc. Hist.)

Defn: A short sword or saber.

ACINACIFORM Ac`i*nac"i*form, a. Etym: [L. acinaces a short sword + -form: cf. F. acinaciforme.] (Bot.)

Defn: Scimeter-shaped; as, an acinaciform leaf.

ACINESIA
Ac`i*ne"si*a, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Akinesia.

ACINETAE
Ac`i*ne"tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are stationary. See Suctoria.

ACINETIFORM
Ac`i*net"i*form, a. Etym: [Acinetæ + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the Acinetæ.

ACINIFORM A*cin"i*form, a. Etym: [L. acinus a grape, grapestone + -form: cf. F. acinoforme.]

1. Having the form of a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.

2. Full of small kernels like a grape.

ACINOSE; ACINOUS
Ac"i*nose`, Ac"i*nous a. Etym: [L. acinosus, fr. acinus grapestone.]

Defn: Consisting of acini, or minute granular concretions; as, acinose or acinous glands. Kirwan.

ACINUS
Ac"i*nus, n.; pl. Acini. Etym: [L., grape, grapestone.]

1. (Bot.) (a) One of the small grains or drupelets which make up some kinds of fruit, as the blackberry, raspberry, etc. (b) A grapestone.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose gland. Quain.

ACIPENSER
Ac`i*pen"ser, n. Etym: [L., the name of a fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons, having the body armed with bony scales, and the mouth on the under side of the head. See Sturgeon.

ACIURGY
Ac"i*ur`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Operative surgery.

ACKNOW
Ac*know", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + know; AS. oncnawan.]

1. To recognize. [Obs.] "You will not be acknown, sir." B. Jonson.

2. To acknowledge; to confess. [Obs.] Chaucer. To be acknown (often with of or on), to acknowledge; to confess. [Obs.] We say of a stubborn body that standeth still in the denying of his fault, This man will not acknowledge his fault, or, He will not be acknown of his fault. Sir T. More.

ACKNOWLEDGE
Ac*knowl"edge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acknowledged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acknowledging.] Etym: [Prob. fr. pref. a- + the verb knowledge. See
Knowledge, and ci. Acknow.]

1. To of or admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in; as, to acknowledge the being of a God. I acknowledge my transgressions. Ps. li. 3. For ends generally acknowledged to be good. Macaulay.

2. To own or recognize in a particular character or relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to. In all thy ways acknowledge Him. Prov. iii. 6. By my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee. Shak.

3. To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an obligation; as, to acknowledge a favor, the receipt of a letter. They his gifts acknowledged none. Milton.

4. To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal instrument, to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form; as, to acknowledgea deed.

Syn. — To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow; concede; confess. — Acknowledge, Recognize. Acknowledge is opposed to keep back, or conceal, and supposes that something had been previously known to us (though perhaps not to others) which we now feel bound to lay open or make public. Thus, a man acknowledges a secret marriage; one who has done wrong acknowledges his fault; and author acknowledges his obligation to those who have aided him; we acknowledge our ignorance. Recognize supposes that we have either forgotten or not had the evidence of a thing distinctly before our minds, but that now we know it (as it were) anew, or receive and admit in on the ground of the evidence it brings. Thus, we recognize a friend after a long absence. We recognize facts, principles, truths, etc., when their evidence is brought up fresh to the mind; as, bad men usually recognize the providence of God in seasons of danger. A foreign minister, consul, or agent, of any kind, is recognized on the ground of his producing satisfactory credentials. See also Confess.

ACKNOWLEDGEDLY
Ac*knowl"edged*ly, adv.

Defn: Confessedly.

ACKNOWLEDGER
Ac*knowl"edg*er, n.

Defn: One who acknowledges.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Ac*knowl"edg*ment, n.

1. The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal; owning; confession. "An acknowledgment of fault." Froude.

2. The act of owning or recognized in a particular character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence, authority, truth, or genuineness. Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip. Hooker.

3. The owning of a benefit received; courteous recognition; expression of thanks. Shak.

4. Something given or done in return for a favor, message, etc. Smollett.

5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity; as, the acknowledgment of a deed before a proper officer. Also, the certificate of the officer attesting such declaration. Acknowledgment money, in some parts of England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords. Cowell.

Syn. — Confession; concession; recognition; admission; avowal; recognizance.

ACLINIC
A*clin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics.)

Defn: Without inclination or dipping; — said the magnetic needle balances itself horizontally, having no dip. The aclinic line is also termed the magnetic equator. Prof. August.

ACME
Ac"me, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The top or highest point; the culmination.
The very acme and pitch of life for epic poetry. Pope.
The moment when a certain power reaches the acme of its supremacy. I.
Taylor.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The crisis or height of a disease.

3. Mature age; full bloom of life. B. Jonson.

ACNE
Ac"ne, n. Etym: [NL., prob. a corruption of Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A pustular affection of the skin, due to changes in the sebaceous glands.

ACNODAL
Ac*no"dal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to acnodes.

ACNODE
Ac"node, n. Etym: [L. acus needle + E. node.] (Geom.)

Defn: An isolated point not upon a curve, but whose coördinates satisfy the equation of the curve so that it is considered as belonging to the curve.

ACOCK
A*cock", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + cock.]

Defn: In a cocked or turned up fashion.

ACOCKBILL A*cock"bill`, adv. Etym: [Prefix a- + cock + bill: with bills cocked up.] (Naut.) (a) Hanging at the cathead, ready to let go, as an anchor. (b) Topped up; having one yardarm higher than the other.

ACOLD
A*cold", a. Etym: [Prob. p. p. of OE. acolen to grow cold or cool,
AS. acolian to grow cold; pref. a- (cf. Goth. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ colian to cool. See Cool.]

Defn: Cold. [Obs.] "Poor Tom's acold." Shak.

ACOLOGIC
Ac`o*log"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to acology.

ACOLOGY
A*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Materia medica; the science of remedies.

ACOLOTHIST
A*col"o*thist, n.

Defn: See Acolythist.

ACOLYCTINE
Ac`o*lyc"tine, n. Etym: [From the name of the plant.] (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from
Aconitum lycoctonum. Eng. Cyc.

ACOLYTE
Ac`o*lyte, n. Etym: [LL. acolythus, acoluthus, Gr. acolyte.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the Mass.

2. One who attends; an assistant. "With such chiefs, and with James and John as acolytes." Motley.

ACOLYTH
Ac"o*lyth, n.

Defn: Same as Acolyte.

ACOLYTHIST
A*col"y*thist, n.

Defn: An acolyte. [Obs.]

ACONDDYLOSE; ACONDYLOUS
A*cond"dy*lose`, A*con"dy*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Being without joints; jointless.

ACONITAL
Ac`o*ni"tal, a.

Defn: Of the nature of aconite.

ACONITE
Ac"o*nite, n. Etym: [L. aconitum, Gr. aconit.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; — applied to any plant of the genus Aconitum (tribe Hellebore), all the species of which are poisonous.

2. An extract or tincture obtained from Aconitum napellus, used as a poison and medicinally. Winter aconite, a plant (Eranthis hyemalis) allied to the aconites.

ACONITIA
Ac`o*ni"ti*a, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Aconitine.

ACONITIC
Ac`o*nit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to aconite.

ACONITINE
A*con"i*tine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An intensely poisonous alkaloid, extracted from aconite.

ACONITUM
Ac`o*ni"tum, n. Etym: [L. See Aconite.]

Defn: The poisonous herb aconite; also, an extract from it.
Strong As aconitum or rash gunpowder. Shak.

ACONTIA
A*con"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Threadlike defensive organs, composed largely of nettling cells (cnidæ), thrown out of the mouth or special pores of certain Actiniæ when irritated.

ACONTIAS
A*con"ti*as, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Anciently, a snake, called dart snake; now, one of a genus of reptiles closely allied to the lizards.

ACOPIC
A*cop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. priv. + (Med.)

Defn: Relieving weariness; restorative.

ACORN A"corn, n. Etym: [AS. æcern, fr. æcer field, acre; akin to D. aker acorn, Ger. ecker, Icel. akarn, Dan. agern, Goth. akran fruit, akrs field; — orig. fruit of the field. See Acre.]

1. The fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Acorn-shell.

ACORN CUP
A"corn cup.

Defn: The involucre or cup in which the acorn is fixed.

ACORNED
A"corned, a.

1. Furnished or loaded with acorns.

2. Fed or filled with acorns. [R.] Shak.

ACORN-SHELL
A"corn-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the sessile cirripeds; a barnacle of the genus Balanus.
See Barnacle.

ACOSMISM
A*cos"mism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A denial of the existence of the universe as distinct from God.

ACOSMIST
A*cos"mist, n. Etym: [See Acosmism.]

Defn: One who denies the existence of the universe, or of a universe as distinct from God. G. H. Lewes.

ACOTYLEDON
A*cot`y*le"don (#; 277), n. Etym: [Gr. Cotyledon.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.

ACOTYLEDONOUS
A*cot`y*led"on*ous (#; 277), a.

Defn: Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.

ACOUCHY
A*cou"chy, n. Etym: [F. acouchi, from the native name Guiana.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small species of agouti (Dasyprocta acouchy).

ACOUMETER
A*cou"me*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of hearing. Itard.

ACOUMETRY
A*cou"me*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The measuring of the power or extent of hearing.

ACOUSTIC
A*cous"tic (#; 277), a. Etym: [F. acoustique, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds; auditory. Acoustic duct, the auditory duct, or external passage of the ear. — Acoustic telegraph, a telegraph making audible signals; a telephone. — Acoustic vessels, brazen tubes or vessels, shaped like a bell, used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the actors, so as to render them audible to a great distance.

ACOUSTIC
A*cous"tic, n.

Defn: A medicine or agent to assist hearing.

ACOUSTICAL
A*cous"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to acoustics.

ACOUSTICALLY
A*cous"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In relation to sound or to hearing. Tyndall.

ACOUSTICIAN
Ac`ous*ti"cian, n.

Defn: One versed in acoustics. Tyndall.

ACOUSTICS A*cous"tics (#; 277), n. Etym: [Names of sciences in -ics, as, acoustics, mathematics, etc., are usually treated as singular. See - ics.] (Physics.)

Defn: The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena, and
laws.
Acoustics, then, or the science of sound, is a very considerable
branch of physics. Sir J. Herschel.

Note: The science is, by some writers, divided, into diacoustics, which explains the properties of sounds coming directly from the ear; and catacoustica, which treats of reflected sounds or echoes.

ACQUAINT
Ac*quaint", a. Etym: [OF. acoint. See Acquaint, v. t.]

Defn: Acquainted. [Obs.]

ACQUAINT Ac*quaint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acquainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Acquainting.] Etym: [OE. aqueinten, acointen, OF. acointier, LL. adcognitare, fr. L. ad + cognitus, p. p. of cognoscere to know; con- + noscere to know. See Quaint, Know.]

1. To furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) to know; to make familiar; — followed by with. Before a man can speak on any subject, it is necessary to be acquainted with it. Locke. A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief. Isa. liii. 3.

2. To communicate notice to; to inform; to make cognizant; — followed by with (formerly, also, by of), or by that, introducing the intelligence; as, to acquaint a friend with the particulars of an act. Acquaint her here of my son Paris' love. Shak. I must acquaint you that I have received New dated letters from Northumberland. Shak.

3. To familiarize; to accustom. [Obs.] Evelyn. To be acquainted with, to be possessed of personal knowledge of; to be cognizant of; to be more or less familiar with; to be on terms of social intercourse with.

Syn.
 — To inform; apprise; communicate; advise.

ACQUAINTABLE
Ac*quaint"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. acointable].

Defn: Easy to be acquainted with; affable. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ACQUAINTANCE Ac*quaint"ance, n. Etym: [OE. aqueintance, OF. acointance, fr. acointier. See Acquaint.]

1. A state of being acquainted, or of having intimate, or more than slight or superficial, knowledge; personal knowledge gained by intercourse short of that of friendship or intimacy; as, I know the man; but have no acquaintance with him. Contract no friendship, or even acquaintance, with a guileful man. Sir W. Jones.

2. A person or persons with whom one is acquainted. Montgomery was an old acquaintance of Ferguson. Macaulay.

Note: In this sense the collective term acquaintance was formerly both singular and plural, but it is now commonly singular, and has the regular plural acquaintances. To be of acquaintance, to be intimate. — To take acquaintance of or with, to make the acquaintance of. [Obs.]

Syn. — Familiarity; intimacy; fellowship; knowledge. — Acquaintance, Familiarity, Intimacy. These words mark different degrees of closeness in social intercourse. Acquaintance arises from occasional intercourse; as, our acquaintance has been a brief one. We can speak of a slight or an intimate acquaintance. Familiarity is the result of continued acquaintance. It springs from persons being frequently together, so as to wear off all restraint and reserve; as, the familiarity of old companions. Intimacy is the result of close connection, and the freest interchange of thought; as, the intimacy of established friendship. Our admiration of a famous man lessens upon our nearer acquaintance with him. Addison. We contract at last such a familiarity with them as makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds. Atterbury. It is in our power to confine our friendships and intimacies to men of virtue. Rogers.

ACQUAINTANCESHIP
Ac*quaint"ance*ship, n.

Defn: A state of being acquainted; acquaintance. Southey.

ACQUAINTANT
Ac*quaint"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acointant, p. pr.]

Defn: An acquaintance. [R.] Swift.

ACQUAINTED
Ac*quaint"ed, a.

Defn: Personally known; familiar. See To be acquainted with, under
Acquaint, v. t.

ACQUAINTEDNESS
Ac*quaint"ed*ness, n.

Defn: State of being acquainted; degree of acquaintance. [R.] Boyle.

ACQUEST Ac*quest", n. Etym: [OF. aquest, F. acquêt, fr. LL. acquestum, acquisitum, for L. acquisitum, p. p. (used substantively) of acquirere to acquire. See Acquire.]

1. Acquisition; the thing gained. [R.] Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: Property acquired by purchase, gift, or otherwise than by inheritance. Bouvier.

ACQUIESCE
Ac`qui*esce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Acquiesced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acquiescing] Etym: [L. acquiescere; ad + quiescere to be quiet, fr.
quies rest: cf. F. acquiescer. See Quiet.]

1. To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object; — followed by in, formerly also by with and to. They were compelled to acquiesce in a government which they did not regard as just. De Quincey.

2. To concur upon conviction; as, to acquiesce in an opinion; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.

Syn. — To submit; comply; yield; assent; agree; consent; accede; concur; conform; accept tacitly.

ACQUIESCENCE
Ac`qui*es"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. acquiescence.]

1. A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent content; — distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.

2. (Crim. Law) (a) Submission to an injury by the party injured. (b) Tacit concurrence in the action of another. Wharton. p. 17

ACQUIESCENCY
Ac`qui*es"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being acquiescent; acquiescence.

ACQUIESCENT
Ac`qui*es"cent, a. Etym: [L. acquiescens, -; p. pr.]

Defn: Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit; assentive; as, an acquiescent policy.

ACQUIESCENTLY
Ac`qui*es"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an acquiescent manner.

ACQUIET Ac*qui"et, v. t. Etym: [LL. acquietare; L. ad + quies rest. See Quiet and cf. Acquit.]

Defn: To quiet. [Obs.]
Acquiet his mind from stirring you against your own peace. Sir A.
Sherley.

ACQUIRABILITY
Ac*quir"a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being acquirable; attainableness. [R.] Paley.

ACQUIRABLE
Ac*quir"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acquired.

ACQUIRE
Ac*quire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acquired; p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiring.]
Etym: [L. acquirere, acquisitum; ad + quarere to seek for. In OE. was
a verb aqueren, fr. the same, through OF. aquerre. See Quest..]

Defn: To gain, usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own; as, to acquire a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad habits. No virtue is acquired in an instant, but step by step. Barrow. Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his ancestor, acquires his estate, by right of representation, as his heir at law. Blackstone.

Syn.
 — To obtain; gain; attain; procure; win; earn; secure. See Obtain.

ACQUIREMENT
Ac*quire"ment, n.

Defn: The act of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment.
"Rules for the acquirement of a taste." Addison.
His acquirements by industry were . . . enriched and enlarged by many
excellent endowments of nature. Hayward.

Syn. — Acquisition, Acquirement. Acquirement is used in opposition to a natural gift or talent; as, eloquence, and skill in music and painting, are acquirements; genius is the gift or endowment of nature. It denotes especially personal attainments, in opposition to material or external things gained, which are more usually called acquisitions; but this distinction is not always observed.

ACQUIRER
Ac*quir"er, n.

Defn: A person who acquires.

ACQUIRY
Ac*quir"y, n.

Defn: Acquirement. [Obs.] Barrow.

ACQUISITE
Ac"qui*site, a. Etym: [L. acquisitus, p. p. of acquirere. See
Acquire.]

Defn: Acquired. [Obs.] Burton.

ACQUISITION Ac`qui*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. acquisitio, fr. acquirere: cf. F. acquisition. See Acquire.]

1. The act or process of acquiring. The acquisition or loss of a province. Macaulay.

2. The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a gain; as, learning is an acquisition.

Syn.
 — See Acquirement.

ACQUISITIVE
Ac*quis"i*tive, a.

1. Acquired. [Obs.] He died not in his acquisitive, but in his native soil. Wotton.

2. Able or disposed to make acquisitions; acquiring; as, an acquisitive person or disposition.

ACQUISITIVELY
Ac*quis"i*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of acquisition.

ACQUISITIVENESS
Ac*quis"i*tive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being acquisitive; propensity to acquire property; desire of possession.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty to which the phrenologists attribute the desire of acquiring and possessing. Combe.

ACQUISITOR
Ac*quis"i*tor, n.

Defn: One who acquires.

ACQUIST
Ac*quist", n. Etym: [Cf. Acquest.]

Defn: Acquisition; gain. Milton.

ACQUIT
Ac*quit", p. p.

Defn: Acquitted; set free; rid of. [Archaic] Shak.

ACQUIT
Ac*quit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acquitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Acquitting.]
Etym: [OE. aquiten, OF. aquiter, F. acquitter; (L. ad) + OF. quiter,
F. quitter, to quit. See Quit, and cf. Acquiet.]

1. To discharge, as a claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to requite. A responsibility that can never be absolutely acquitted. I. Taylor.

2. To pay for; to atone for. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To set free, release or discharge from an obligation, duty, liability, burden, or from an accusation or charge; — now followed by of before the charge, formerly by from; as, the jury acquitted the prisoner; we acquit a man of evil intentions.

4. Reflexively: (a) To clear one's self.k. (b) To bear or conduct one's self; to perform one's part; as, the soldier acquitted himself well in battle; the orator acquitted himself very poorly.

Syn. — To absolve; clear; exonerate; exonerate; exculpate; release; discharge. See Absolve.

ACQUITMENT
Ac*quit"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aquitement.]

Defn: Acquittal. [Obs.] Milton.

ACQUITTAL
Ac*quit"tal, n.

1. The act of acquitting; discharge from debt or obligation; acquittance.

2. (Law)

Defn: A setting free, or deliverance from the charge of an offense, by verdict of a jury or sentence of a court. Bouvier.

ACQUITTANCE
Ac*quit"tance, n. Etym: [OF. aquitance, fr. aquiter. See Acquit.]

1. The clearing off of debt or obligation; a release or discharge from debt or other liability.

2. A writing which is evidence of a discharge; a receipt in full, which bars a further demand. You can produce acquittances For such a sum, from special officers. Shak.

ACQUITTANCE
Ac*quit"tance, v. t.

Defn: To acquit. [Obs.] Shak.

ACQUITTER
Ac*quit"ter, n.

Defn: One who acquits or releases.

ACRANIA
A*cra"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Partial or total absence of the skull.

2. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lowest group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in which no skull exists.

ACRANIAL
A*cra"ni*al, a.

Defn: Wanting a skull.

ACRASE; ACRAZE A*crase", A*craze", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + crase; or cf. F. écraser to crush. See Crase, Craze.]

1. To craze. [Obs.] Grafton.

2. To impair; to destroy. [Obs.] Hacket.

ACRASIA; ACRASY
A*cra"si*a, Ac"ra*sy n. Etym: [Gr. akrasia.]

Defn: Excess; intemperance. [Obs. except in Med.] Farindon.

ACRASPEDA
A*cras"pe*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of acalephs, including most of the larger jellyfishes; the Discophora.

ACRE
A"cre, n. Etym: [OE. aker, AS. æcer; akin to OS. accar, OHG. achar,
Ger. acker, Icel. akr, Sw. åker, Dan. ager, Goth. akrs, L. ager, Gr.
ajra. *2, 206.]

1. Any field of arable or pasture land. [Obs.]

2. A piece of land, containing 160 square rods, or 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet. This is the English statute acre. That of the United States is the same. The Scotch acre was about 1.26 of the English, and the Irish 1.62 of the English.

Note: The acre was limited to its present definite quantity by statutes of Edward I., Edward III., and Henry VIII. Broad acres, many acres, much landed estate. [Rhetorical] — God's acre, God's field; the churchyard. I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls The burial ground, God's acre. Longfellow.

ACREABLE
A"cre*a*ble, a.

Defn: Of an acre; per acre; as, the acreable produce.

ACREAGE
A"cre*age, n.

Defn: Acres collectively; as, the acreage of a farm or a country.

ACRED
A"cred, a.

Defn: Possessing acres or landed property; — used in composition; as, large-acred men.

ACRID
Ac"rid, a. Etym: [L. acer sharp; prob. assimilated in form to acid.
See Eager.]

1. Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not, to the taste; pungent; as, acrid salts.

2. Causing heat and irritation; corrosive; as, acrid secretions.

3. Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating; as, acrid temper, mind, writing. Acrid poison, a poison which irritates, corrodes, or burns the parts to which it is applied.

ACRIDITY; ACRIDNESS
A*crid"i*ty, Ac"rid*ness n.

Defn: The quality of being acrid or pungent; irritant bitterness; acrimony; as, the acridity of a plant, of a speech.

ACRIDLY
Ac"rid*ly, adv.

Defn: In an acid manner.

ACRIMONIOUS
Ac"ri*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. acrimonious, F. acrimonieux.]

1. Acrid; corrosive; as, acrimonious gall. [Archaic] Harvey.

2. Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic; as, acrimonious dispute, language, temper.

ACRIMONIOUSLY
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an acrimonious manner.

ACRIMONIOUSNESS
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being acrimonious; asperity; acrimony.

ACRIMONY Ac"ri*mo*ny, n.; pl. Acrimonies. Etym: [L. acrimonia, fr. acer, sharp: cf. F. acrimonie.]

1. A quality of bodies which corrodes or destroys others; also, a harsh or biting sharpness; as, the acrimony of the juices of certain plants. [Archaic] Bacon.

2. Sharpness or severity, as of language or temper; irritating bitterness of disposition or manners. John the Baptist set himself with much acrimony and indignation to baffle this senseless arrogant conceit of theirs. South.

Syn. — Acrimony, Asperity, Harshness, Tartness. These words express different degrees of angry feeling or language. Asperity and harshness arise from angry feelings, connected with a disregard for the feelings of others. Harshness usually denotes needless severity or an undue measure of severity. Acrimony is a biting sharpness produced by an imbittered spirit. Tartness denotes slight asperity and implies some degree of intellectual readiness. Tartness of reply; harshness of accusation; acrimony of invective. In his official letters he expressed, with great acrimony, his contempt for the king's character. Macaulay. It is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received. Johnson. A just reverence of mankind prevents the growth of harshness and brutality. Shaftesbury.

ACRISIA; ACRISY
A*cris"i*a, Ac"ri*sy, n. Etym: [LL. acrisia, Gr.

1. Inability to judge.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Undecided character of a disease. [Obs.]

ACRITA
Ac"ri*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lowest groups of animals, in which no nervous system has been observed.

ACRITAN
Ac"ri*tan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Acrita.
 — n. An individual of the Acrita.

ACRITE
Ac"rite, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Acritan. Owen.

ACRITICAL
A*crit"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Having no crisis; giving no indications of a crisis; as, acritical symptoms, an acritical abscess.

ACRITOCHROMACY
Ac`ri*to*chro"ma*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Color blindness; achromatopsy.

ACRITUDE
Ac"ri*tude, n. Etym: [L. acritudo, from acer sharp.]

Defn: Acridity; pungency joined with heat. [Obs.]

ACRITY
Ac"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. acritas, fr. acer sharp: cf. F. âcreté.]

Defn: Sharpness; keenness. [Obs.]

ACROAMATIC; ACROAMATICAL
Ac`ro*a*mat"ic, Ac`ro*a*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Communicated orally; oral; — applied to the esoteric teachings of Aristotle, those intended for his genuine disciples, in distinction from his exoteric doctrines, which were adapted to outsiders or the public generally. Hence: Abstruse; profound.

ACROATIC
Ac`ro*at"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Same as Acroamatic.

ACROBAT
Ac"ro*bat, n. Etym: [F. acrobate, fr. Gr.

Defn: One who practices rope dancing, high vaulting, or other daring gymnastic feats.

ACROBATIC
Ac`ro*bat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. acrobatique.]

Defn: Pertaining to an acrobat.
 — Ac`ro*bat"ic*al*ly, adv.

ACROBATISM
Ac"ro*bat*ism, n.

Defn: Feats of the acrobat; daring gymnastic feats; high vaulting.

ACROCARPOUS Ac`ro*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.) (a) Having a terminal fructification; having the fruit at the end of the stalk. (b) Having the fruit stalks at the end of a leafy stem, as in certain mosses.

ACROCEPHALIC
Ac`ro*ce*phal"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Cephalic.]

Defn: Characterized by a high skull.

ACROCEPHALY
Ac`ro*ceph"a*ly, n.

Defn: Loftiness of skull.

ACROCERAUNIAN
Ac`ro*ce*rau"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. acroceraunius, fr. Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the high mountain range of "thunder- smitten" peaks (now Kimara), between Epirus and Macedonia. Shelley.

ACRODACTYLUM
Ac`ro*dac"tyl*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The upper surface of the toes, individually.

ACRODONT
Ac"ro*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of lizards having the teeth immovably united to the top of the alveolar ridge. — a. Of or pertaining to the acrodonts.

ACROGEN
Ac"ro*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the highest class of cryptograms, including the ferns, etc. See Cryptogamia. The Age of Acrogens (Geol.), the age of coal plants, or the carboniferous era.

ACROGENOUS
Ac*rog"e*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Increasing by growth from the extremity; as, an acrogenous plant.

ACROLEIN
A*cro"le*in, n. Etym: [L. acer sharp + olere to smell.] (Chem.)

Defn: A limpid, colorless, highly volatile liquid, obtained by the dehydration of glycerin, or the destructive distillation of neutral fats containing glycerin. Its vapors are intensely irritating. Watts.

ACROLITH
Ac"ro*lith, n. Etym: [L. acrolthus, Gr. with the ends made of stone;
(Arch. & Sculp.)

Defn: A statue whose extremities are of stone, the trunk being generally of wood. Elmes.

ACROLITHAN; ACROLITHIC
A*crol"i*than, Ac`ro*lith"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an acrolith.

ACROMEGALY
Ac`ro*meg"a*ly, n. Etym: [NL. acromegalia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Chronic enlargement of the extremities and face.

ACROMIAL
A*cro"mi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. acromial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the acromion. Dunglison.

ACROMION
A*cro"mi*on, n. Etym: [Gr. acromion.] (Anat.)

Defn: The outer extremity of the shoulder blade.

ACROMONOGRAMMATIC
Ac`ro*mon`o*gram*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having each verse begin with the same letter as that with which the preceding verse ends.

ACRONYC; ACRONYCHAL
A*cron"yc, A*cron"ych*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: Rising at sunset and setting at sunrise, as a star; — opposed to cosmical.

Note: The word is sometimes incorrectly written acronical, achronychal, acronichal, and acronical.

ACRONYCALLY
A*cron"yc*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an acronycal manner as rising at the setting of the sun, and vise versâ.

ACRONYCTOUS
Ac"ro*nyc"tous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: Acronycal.

ACROOK
A*crook", adv.

Defn: Crookedly. [R.] Udall.

ACROPETAL
A*crop"e*tal, a. Etym: [Gr. petere to seek.] (Bot.)

Defn: Developing from below towards the apex, or from the circumference towards the center; centripetal; — said of certain inflorescence.

ACROPHONY; ACHROPHONY
A*croph"o*ny, A*chroph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The use of a picture symbol of an object to represent phonetically the initial sound of the name of the object.

ACROPHONY
A*croph"o*ny, n. [Gr. 'a`kros extreme + sound.]

Defn: The use of a picture symbol of an object to represent phonetically the initial sound of the name of the object.

ACROPODIUM
Ac`ro*po"di*um, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire upper surface of the foot.

ACROPOLIS
A*crop"o*lis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The upper part, or the citadel, of a Grecian city; especially, the citadel of Athens.

ACROPOLITAN
Ac"ro*pol"i*tan, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an acropolis.

ACROSPIRE
Ac"ro*spire, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The sprout at the end of a seed when it begins to germinate; the plumule in germination; — so called from its spiral form.

ACROSPIRE
Ac"ro*spire, v. i.

Defn: To put forth the first sprout.

ACROSPORE
Ac"ro*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A spore borne at the extremity of the cells of fructification in fungi.

ACROSPOROUS
Ac"ro*spor"ous, a.

Defn: Having acrospores.

ACROSS
A*cross" (#; 115), prep. Etym: [Pref. a- + cross: cf. F. en croix.
See Cross, n.]

Defn: From side to side; athwart; crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length; quite over; as, a bridge laid across a river. Dryden. To come across, to come upon or meet incidentally. Freeman. — To go across the country, to go by a direct course across a region without following the roads.

ACROSS
A*cross", adv.

1. From side to side; crosswise; as, with arms folded across. Shak.

2. Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry. [Obs.] The squint-eyed Pharisees look across at all the actions of Christ. Bp. Hall.

ACROSTIC
A*cros"tic, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A composition, usually in verse, in which the first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters, taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto.

2. A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm cxix.). See Abecedarian. Double acrostic, a species of enigma, in which words are to be guessed whose initial and final letters form other words.

ACROSTIC; ACROSTICAL
A*cros"tic, A*cros"ti*cal, n.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, acrostics.

ACROSTICALLY
A*cros"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of an acrostic.

ACROTARSIUM
Ac`ro*tar"si*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The instep or front of the tarsus.

ACROTELEUTIC
Ac`ro*te*leu"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Eccles.)

Defn: The end of a verse or psalm, or something added thereto, to be sung by the people, by way of a response.

ACROTER
Ac"ro*ter, n. Etym: [F. acrotère. See Acroterium.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Acroterium.

ACROTERIAL
Ac`ro*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an acroterium; as, ornaments. P. Cyc.

ACROTERIUM Ac`ro*te`ri*um, n.; pl. Acrotplwia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.) (a) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment. Acroteria are also sometimes placed upon the gables in Gothic architecture. J. H. Parker. (b) One of the pedestals, for vases or statues, forming a part roof balustrade.

ACROTIC
A*crot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to or affecting the surface.

ACROTISM
Ac"ro*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Lack or defect of pulsation.

ACROTOMOUS
A*crot"o*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Having a cleavage parallel with the base.

ACRYLIC
A*cryl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or containing acryl, the hypothetical radical of which acrolein is the hydride; as, acrylic acid.

ACT Act, n. Etym: [L. actus, fr. agere to drive, do: cf. F. acte. See Agent.]

1. That which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed. That best portion of a good man's life, His little, nameless, unremembered acts Of kindness and of love. Wordsworth. Hence, in specific uses: (a) The result of public deliberation; the decision or determination of a legislative body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree, edit, law, judgment, resolve, award; as, an act of Parliament, or of Congress. (b) A formal solemn writing, expressing that something has been done. Abbott. (c) A performance of part of a play; one of the principal divisions of a play or dramatic work in which a certain definite part of the action is completed. (d) A thesis maintained in public, in some English universities, by a candidate for a degree, or to show the proficiency of a student.

2. A state of reality or real existence as opposed to a possibility or possible existence. [Obs.] The seeds of plants are not at first in act, but in possibility, what they afterward grow to be. Hooker.

3. Process of doing; action. In act, in the very doing; on the point of (doing). "In act to shoot." Dryden. This woman was taken . . . in the very act. John viii. 4. Act of attainder. (Law) See Attainder. — Act of bankruptcy (Law), an act of a debtor which renders him liable to be adjudged a bankrupt. — Act of faith. (Ch. Hist.) See Auto-da-Fé. — Act of God (Law), an inevitable accident; such extraordinary interruption of the usual course of events as is not to be looked for in advance, and against which ordinary prudence could not guard. — Act of grace, an expression often used to designate an act declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the beginning of a new reign. — Act of indemnity, a statute passed for the protection of those who have committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties. Abbott. — Act in pais, a thing done out of court (anciently, in the country), and not a matter of record.

Syn.
 — See Action.

ACT Act, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acted; p. pr. & vb. n. Acting.] Etym: [L. actus, p. p. of agere to drive, lead, do; but influenced by E. act, n.]

1. To move to action; to actuate; to animate. [Obs.] Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul. Pope.

2. To perform; to execute; to do. [Archaic] That we act our temporal affairs with a desire no greater than our necessity. Jer. Taylor. Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of acting things expedient for us to do. Barrow. Uplifted hands that at convenient times Could act extortion and the worst of crimes. Cowper.

3. To perform, as an actor; to represent dramatically on the stage.

4. To assume the office or character of; to play; to personate; as, to act the hero.

5. To feign or counterfeit; to simulate. With acted fear the villain thus pursued. Dryden. To act a part, to sustain the part of one of the characters in a play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble. — To act the part of, to take the character of; to fulfill the duties of.

ACT Act, v. i.

1. To exert power; to produce an effect; as, the stomach acts upon food.

2. To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put forth energy; to move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry into effect a determination of the will. He hangs between, in doubt to act or rest. Pope.

3. To behave or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public offices; to bear or deport one's self; as, we know not why he has acted so.

4. To perform on the stage; to represent a character. To show the world how Garrick did not act. Cowper. To act as or for, to do the work of; to serve as. — To act on, to regulate one's conduct according to. — To act up to, to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; as, he has acted up to his engagement or his advantages.

ACTABLE
Act"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being acted. Tennyson.

ACTINAL
Ac"ti*nal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the part of a radiate animal which contains the mouth. L. Agassiz.

ACTINARIA
Ac`ti*na"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large division of Anthozoa, including those which have simple tentacles and do not form stony corals. Sometimes, in a wider sense, applied to all the Anthozoa, expert the Alcyonaria, whether forming corals or not.

ACTING
Act"ing, a.

1. Operating in any way.

2. Doing duty for another; officiating; as, an superintendent.

ACTINIA Ac*tin"i*a, n.; pl. L. Actiniæ, E. Actinias. Etym: [Latinized fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) An animal of the class Anthozoa, and family Actinidæ. From a resemblance to flowers in form and color, they are often called animal flowers and sea anemones. [See Polyp.]. (b) A genus in the family Actinidæ.

ACTINIC
Ac*tin"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to actinism; as, actinic rays.

ACTINIFORM
Ac*tin"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.]

Defn: Having a radiated form, like a sea anemone.

ACTINISM
Ac"tin*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The property of radiant energy (found chiefly in solar or electric light) by which chemical changes are produced, as in photography.

ACTINIUM
Ac*tin"i*um, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed metal, said by Phipson to be contained in commercial zinc; — so called because certain of its compounds are darkened by exposure to light.

ACTINO-CHEMISTRY
Ac`ti*no-chem"is*try, n.

Defn: Chemistry in its relations to actinism. Draper.

ACTINOGRAM
Ac*tin"o*gram, n. [Gr. , , ray + -gram.]

Defn: A record made by the actinograph.

ACTINOGRAPH
Ac*tin"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring and recording the variations in the actinic or chemical force of rays of light. Nichol.

ACTINOID
Ac"tin*oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Having the form of rays; radiated, as an actinia.

ACTINOLITE
Ac*tin"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A bright green variety of amphibole occurring usually in fibrous or columnar masses.

ACTINOLITIC
Ac`tin*o*lit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Of the nature of, or containing, actinolite.

ACTINOLOGY
Ac`ti*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of rays of light, especially of the actinic or chemical rays.

ACTINOMERE
Ac*tin"o*mere, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the radial segments composing the body of one of the
Coelenterata.

ACTINOMETER Ac`ti*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter] (a) An instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's rays. (b) An instrument for measuring the actinic effect of rays of light.

ACTINOMETRIC
Ac`ti*no*met"ric, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of the solar rays, either (a) heating, or (b) actinic.

ACTINOMETRY
Ac`ti*nom"e*try, n.

1. The measurement of the force of solar radiation. Maury.

2. The measurement of the chemical or actinic energy of light. Abney.

ACTINOMYCOSIS
Ac`ti*no*my*co"sis, n. [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: A chronic infectious disease of cattle and man due to the presence of Actinomyces bovis. It causes local suppurating tumors, esp. about the jaw. Called also lumpy jaw or big jaw. — Ac`ti*no*my*cot"ic (#), a.

ACTINOPHONE
Ac*tin"o*phone, n. [Gr. , , ray + voice.] (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of the actinic, or ultraviolet, rays.

ACTINOPHONIC
Ac*tin`o*phon"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, or causing the production of, sound by means of the actinic, or ultraviolet, rays; as, actinophonic phenomena.

ACTINOPHOROUS
Ac`ti*noph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having straight projecting spines.

ACTINOSOME
Ac*tin"o*some, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire body of a coelenterate.

ACTINOST
Ac"tin*ost, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: (Anat.) One of the bones at the base of a paired fin of a fish.

ACTINOSTOME
Ac*tin"o*stome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mouth or anterior opening of a coelenterate animal.

ACTINOTROCHA
Ac`ti*not"ro*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar larval form of Phoronis, a genus of marine worms, having a circle of ciliated tentacles.

ACTINOZOA
Ac"ti*no*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Coelenterata, comprising the Anthozoa Ctenophora.
The sea anemone, or actinia, is a familiar example.

ACTINOZOAL
Ac`ti*no*zo"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Actinozoa.

ACTINOZOON; ACTINOZOOEN
Ac"ti*no*zo"ön, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Actinozoa.

ACTINULA
Ac*tin"u*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (Tubularia), having a stellate form.

ACTION
Ac"tion, n. Etym: [OF. action, L. actio, fr. agere to do. See Act.]

1. A process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another; agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat; a man of action. One wise in council, one in action brave. Pope.

2. An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise. (pl.): Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior; demeanor. The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. 1 Sam. ii. 3.

3. The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.

4. Movement; as, the horse has a spirited action.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: Effective motion; also, mechanism; as, the breech action of a gun.

6. (Physiol.)

Defn: Any one of the active processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function; as, the action of the heart, the muscles, or the gastric juice.

7. (Orat.)

Defn: Gesticulation; the external deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the feelings.

8. (Paint. & Sculp.)

Defn: The attitude or position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the sentiment or passion depicted.

9. (Law) (a) A suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or the punishment of a public offense. (b) A right of action; as, the law gives an action for every claim.

10. (Com.)

Defn: A share in the capital stock of a joint-stock company, or in
the public funds; hence, in the plural, equivalent to stocks. [A
Gallicism] [Obs.]
The Euripus of funds and actions. Burke.

11. An engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water; a battle; a fight; as, a general action, a partial action.

12. (Music)

Defn: The mechanical contrivance by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an organ pipe. Grove. Chose in action. (Law) See Chose. — Quantity of action (Physics), the product of the mass of a body by the space it runs through, and its velocity.

Syn. — Action, Act. In many cases action and act are synonymous; but some distinction is observable. Action involves the mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying some time in doing. Act has more reference to the effect, or the operation as complete. To poke the fire is an act, to reconcile friends who have quarreled is a praiseworthy action. C. J. Smith.

ACTIONABLE
Ac"tion*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. actionabilis. See Action.]

Defn: That may be the subject of an action or suit at law; as, to call a man a thief is actionable.

ACTIONABLY
Ac"tion*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an actionable manner.

ACTIONARY; ACTIONIST
Ac"tion*a*ry, Ac"tion*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. actionnaire.] (Com.)

Defn: A shareholder in joint-stock company. [Obs.]

ACTIONLESS
Ac"tion*less, a.

Defn: Void of action.

ACTIVATE
Ac"ti*vate, v. t.

Defn: To make active. [Obs.]

ACTIVE
Ac"tive, a. Etym: [F. actif, L. activus, fr. agere to act.]

1. Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting; — opposed to Ant: passive, that receives; as, certain active principles; the powers of the mind.

2. Quick in physical movement; of an agile and vigorous body; nimble; as, an active child or animal. Active and nervous was his gait. Wordsworth.

3. In action; actually proceeding; working; in force; — opposed to quiescent, dormant, or extinct; as, active laws; active hostilities; an active volcano.

4. Given to action; constantly engaged in action; energetic; diligent; busy; — opposed to dull, sluggish, indolent, or inert; as, an active man of business; active mind; active zeal.

5. Requiring or implying action or exertion; — opposed to Ant: sedentary or to Ant: tranquil; as, active employment or service; active scenes.

6. Given to action rather than contemplation; practical; operative; - - opposed to Ant: speculative or Ant: theoretical; as, an active rather than a speculative statesman.

7. Brisk; lively; as, an active demand for corn.

8. Implying or producing rapid action; as, an active disease; an active remedy.

9. (Gram.) (a) Applied to a form of the verb; — opposed to Ant: passive. See Active voice, under Voice. (b) Applied to verbs which assert that the subject acts upon or affects something else; transitive. (c) Applied to all verbs that express action as distinct from mere existence or state. Active capital, Active wealth, money, or property that may readily be converted into money.

Syn. — Agile; alert; brisk; vigorous; nimble; lively; quick; sprightly; prompt; energetic.

ACTIVELY
Ac"tive*ly, adv.

1. In an active manner; nimbly; briskly; energetically; also, by one's own action; voluntarily, not passively.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: In an active signification; as, a word used actively.

ACTIVENESS
Ac"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being active; nimbleness; quickness of motion; activity.

ACTIVITY Ac*tiv"i*ty, n.; pl. Activities. Etym: [Cf. F. activité, LL. activitas.]

Defn: The state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility; vigorous action or operation; energy; active force; as, an increasing variety of human activities. "The activity of toil." Palfrey.

Syn.
 — Liveliness; briskness; quickness.

ACTLESS
Act"less, a.

Defn: Without action or spirit. [R.]

ACTON Ac"ton, n. Etym: [OF. aketon, auqueton, F. hoqueton, a quilted jacket, fr. Sp. alcoton, algodon, cotton. Cf. Cotton.]

Defn: A stuffed jacket worn under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail. [Spelled also hacqueton.] [Obs.] Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.

ACTOR
Ac"tor, n. Etym: [L. actor, fr. agere to act.]

1. One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer.

2. A theatrical performer; a stageplayer. After a well graced actor leaves the stage. Shak.

3. (Law) (a) An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes. Jacobs. (b) One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or complainant.

ACTRESS
Ac`tress, n. Etym: [Cf. F. actrice.]

1. A female actor or doer. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a part.

ACTUAL Ac"tu*al (#; 135), a. Etym: [OE. actuel, F. actuel, L. actualis, fr. agere to do, act.]

1. Involving or comprising action; active. [Obs.] Her walking and other actual performances. Shak. Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that is . . . by a special prayer or action, . . . given to God. Jer. Taylor.

2. Existing in act or reality; really acted or acting; in fact; real; — opposed to potential, possible, virtual, speculative, coceivable, theoretical, or nominal; as, the actual cost of goods; the actual case under discussion.

3. In action at the time being; now exiting; present; as the actual situation of the country. Actual cautery. See under Cautery. — Actual sin (Theol.), that kind of sin which is done by ourselves in contradistinction to "original sin."

Syn.
 — Real; genuine; positive; certain. See Real.

ACTUAL
Ac"tu*al, n. (Finance)

Defn: Something actually received; real, as distinct from estimated,
receipts. [Cant]
The accounts of revenues supplied . . . were not real receipts: not,
in financial language, "actuals," but only Egyptian budget estimates.
Fortnightly Review.

ACTUALIST
Ac"tu*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who deals with or considers actually existing facts and conditions, rather than fancies or theories; — opposed to idealist. J. Grote.

ACTUALITY
Ac`tu*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Actualities.

Defn: The state of being actual; reality; as, the actuality of God's nature. South.

ACTUALIZATION
Ac`tu*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: A making actual or really existent. [R.] Emerson.

ACTUALIZE
Ac"tu*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make actual; to realize in action. [R.] Coleridge.

ACTUALLY
Ac"tu*al*ly, adv.

1. Actively. [Obs.] "Neither actually . . . nor passively." Fuller.

2. In act or in fact; really; in truth; positively.

ACTUALNESS
Ac"tu*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being actual; actuality.

ACTUARIAL
Ac`tu*a"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to actuaries; as, the actuarial value of an annuity.

ACTUARY Ac"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Actuaries. Etym: [L. actuarius copyist, clerk, fr. actus, p. p. of agere to do, act.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A registar or clerk; — used originally in courts of civil law jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk or registar generally.

2. The computing official of an insurance company; one whose profession it is to calculate for insurance companies the risks and premiums for life, fire, and other insurances.

ACTUATE
Ac"tu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Actuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Actuating.]
Etym: [LL. actuatus, p. p. of actuare, fr. L. actus act.]

1. To put into action or motion; to move or incite to action; to influence actively; to move as motives do; — more commonly used of persons. Wings, which others were contriving to actuate by the perpetual motion. Johnson. Men of the greatest abilities are most fired with ambition; and, on the contrary, mean and narrow minds are the least actuated by it. Addison.

2. To carry out in practice; to perform. [Obs.] "To actuate what you command." Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 — To move; impel; incite; rouse; instigate; animate.

ACTUATE
Ac"tu*ate, a. Etym: [LL. actuatus, p. p. of actuare.]

Defn: Put in action; actuated. [Obs.] South.

ACTUATION
Ac`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. actuatio.]

Defn: A bringing into action; movement. Bp. Pearson.

ACTUATOR
Ac"tu*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who actuates, or puts into action. [R.] Melville.

ACTUOSE
Ac"tu*ose`, a. Etym: [L. actuosus.]

Defn: Very active. [Obs.]

ACTUOSITY
Ac`tu*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: Abundant activity. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ACTURE
Ac"ture, n.

Defn: Action. [Obs.] Shak.

ACTURIENCE
Ac*tu"ri*ence, n. Etym: [A desid. of L. agere, actum, to act.]

Defn: Tendency or impulse to act. [R.] Acturience, or desire of action, in one form or another, whether as restlessness, ennui, dissatisfaction, or the imagination of something desirable. J. Grote.

ACUATE
Ac"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. acus needle.]

Defn: To sharpen; to make pungent; to quicken. [Obs.] "[To] acuate the blood." Harvey.

ACUATE
Ac"u*ate, a.

Defn: Sharpened; sharp-pointed.

ACUATION
Ac`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of sharpening. [R.]

ACUITION Ac`u*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. acutus, as if acuitus, p. p. of acuere to sharpen.]

Defn: The act of sharpening. [Obs.]

ACUITY
A*cu"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. acuitas: cf. F. acuité.]

Defn: Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.

ACULEATE A*cu"le*ate, a. Etym: [L. aculeatus, fr. aculeus, dim. of acus needle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a sting; covered with prickles; sharp like a prickle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having prickles, or sharp points; beset with prickles.

3. Severe or stinging; incisive. [R.] Bacon.

ACULEATED
A*cu"le*a`ted, a.

Defn: Having a sharp point; armed with prickles; prickly; aculeate.

ACULEIFORM
A*cu"le*i*form, a.

Defn: Like a prickle.

ACULEOLATE
A*cu"le*o*late, a. Etym: [L. aculeolus little needle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having small prickles or sharp points. Gray.

ACULEOUS
A*cu"le*ous, a.

Defn: Aculeate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ACULEUS
A*cu"le*us, n.; pl. Aculei. Etym: [L., dim. of acus needle.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A prickle growing on the bark, as in some brambles and roses.
Lindley.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sting.

ACUMEN
A*cu"men, n. Etym: [L. acumen, fr. acuere to sharpen. Cf. Acute.]

Defn: Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination. Selden.

Syn.
 — Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness; acuteness.

ACUMINATE A*cu"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. acuminatus, p. p. of acuminare to sharpen, fr. acumen. See Acumen.]

Defn: Tapering to a point; pointed; as, acuminate leaves, teeth, etc.

ACUMINATE
A*cu"mi*nate, v. t.

Defn: To render sharp or keen. [R.] "To acuminate even despair."
Cowper.

ACUMINATE
A*cu"mi*nate, v. i.

Defn: To end in, or come to, a sharp point. "Acuminating in a cone of prelacy." Milton.

ACUMINATION
A*cu`mi*na"tion, n.

Defn: A sharpening; termination in a sharp point; a tapering point.
Bp. Pearson.

ACUMINOSE
A*cu"mi*nose`, a.

Defn: Terminating in a flat, narrow end. Lindley.

ACUMINOUS
A*cu"mi*nous, a.

Defn: Characterized by acumen; keen. Highmore.

ACUPRESSURE Ac`u*pres"sure, n. Etym: [L. acus needle + premere, pressum, to press.] (Surg.)

Defn: A mode of arresting hemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface. Simpson.

ACUPUNCTURATION
Ac`u*punc`tu*ra"tion, n.

Defn: See Acupuncture.

ACUPUNCTURE Ac`u*punc"ture, n. Etym: [L. acus needle + punctura a pricking, fr. pungere to prick: cf. F. acuponcture.]

Defn: Pricking with a needle; a needle prick. Specifically (Med.):

Defn: The insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial purposes.

ACUPUNCTURE
Ac`u*punc"ture, v. t.

Defn: To treat with acupuncture.

ACUSTUMAUNCE
A*cus"tum*aunce, n.

Defn: See Accustomance. [Obs.]

ACUTANGULAR
A*cut"an`gu*lar, a.

Defn: Acute-angled.

ACUTE A*cute", a. Etym: [L. acutus, p. p. of acuere to sharpen, fr. a root ak to be sharp. Cf. Ague, Cute, Edge.]

1. Sharp at the end; ending in a sharp point; pointed; — opposed to blunt or obtuse; as, an acute angle; an acute leaf.

2. Having nice discernment; perceiving or using minute distinctions; penetrating; clever; shrewd; — opposed to Ant: dull or Ant: stupid; as, an acute observer; acute remarks, or reasoning.

3. Having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible to slight impressions; acting keenly on the senses; sharp; keen; intense; as, a man of acute eyesight, hearing, or feeling; acute pain or pleasure.

4. High, or shrill, in respect to some other sound; — opposed to grave or low; as, an acute tone or accent.

5. (Med.)

Defn: Attended with symptoms of some degree of severity, and coming speedily to a crisis; — opposed to chronic; as, an acute disease. Acute angle (Geom.), an angle less than a right angle.

Syn. — Subtile; ingenious; sharp; keen; penetrating; sagacious; sharp- witted; shrewd; discerning; discriminating. See Subtile.

ACUTE
A*cute", v. t.

Defn: To give an acute sound to; as, he acutes his rising inflection too much. [R.] Walker.

ACUTE-ANGLED
A*cute"-*an`gled, a.

Defn: Having acute angles; as, an acute-angled triangle, a triangle with every one of its angles less than a right angle.

ACUTELY
A*cute"ly, adv.

Defn: In an acute manner; sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.

ACUTENESS
A*cute"ness, n.

1. The quality of being acute or pointed; sharpness; as, the acuteness of an angle.

2. The faculty of nice discernment or perception; acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; — applied to the senses, or the understanding. By acuteness of feeling, we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by acuteness of intellect, we discern nice distinctions. Perhaps, also, he felt his professional acuteness interested in bringing it to a successful close. Sir W. Scott.

3. Shrillness; high pitch; — said of sounds.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Violence of a disease, which brings it speedily to a crisis.

Syn. — Penetration; sagacity; keenness; ingenuity; shrewdness; subtlety; sharp-wittedness.

ACUTIFOLIATE
A*cu`ti*fo"li*ate, a. Etym: [L. acutus sharp + folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having sharp-pointed leaves.

ACUTILOBATE
A*cu`ti*lo"bate, a. Etym: [L. acutus sharp + E. lobe.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having acute lobes, as some leaves.

ACUTORSION
Ac`u*tor"sion, n. [L. acus needle + torsion.] (Med.)

Defn: The twisting of an artery with a needle to arrest hemorrhage.

ACYCLIC
A*cyc"lic, a. [Pref. a- not + cyclic.]

Defn: Not cyclic; not disposed in cycles or whorls; as: (a) (Bot.)

Defn: Of a flower, having its parts inserted spirally on the receptacle. (b) (Org. Chem.) Having an open-chain structure; aliphatic.

ACYL
Ac"yl, n. [Acid + -yl.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: An acid radical, as acetyl, malonyl, or benzoyl.

AD-
Ad-. Etym: [A Latin preposition, signifying to. See At.]

Defn: As a prefix ad- assumes the forms ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, assimilating the d with the first letter of the word to which ad- is prefixed. It remains unchanged before vowels, and before d, h, j, m, v. Examples: adduce, adhere, adjacent, admit, advent, accord, affect, aggregate, allude, annex, appear, etc. It becomes ac- before qu, as in acquiesce.

ADACT
Ad*act", v. t. Etym: [L. adactus, p. p. of adigere.]

Defn: To compel; to drive. [Obs.] Fotherby.

ADACTYL; ADACTYLOUS A*dac"tyl, A*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) Without fingers or without toes. (b) Without claws on the feet (of crustaceous animals).

ADAGE Ad"age, n. Etym: [F. adage, fr. L. adagium; ad + the root of L. aio I say.]

Defn: An old saying, which has obtained credit by long use; a
proverb.
Letting "I dare not" wait upon "I would," Like the poor cat i' the
adage. Shak.

Syn.
 — Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw; apothegm. See
Axiom.

ADAGIAL
A*da"gi*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an adage; proverbial. "Adagial verse." Barrow.

ADAGIO A*da"gio, a. & adv. Etym: [It. adagio; ad (L. ad) at + agio convenience, leisure, ease. See Agio.] (Mus.)

Defn: Slow; slowly, leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, adagio, adagio, it directs the movement to be very slow.

ADAGIO
A*da"gio, n.

Defn: A piece of music in adagio time; a slow movement; as, an adagio of Haydn.

ADAM
Ad"am, n.

1. The name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the human race.

2. (As a symbol)

Defn: "Original sin;" human frailty.
And whipped the offending Adam out of him. Shak.
Adam's ale, water. [Coll.] — Adam's apple.

1. (Bot.) (a) A species of banana (Musa paradisiaca). It attains a height of twenty feet or more. Paxton]. (b) A species of lime (Citris limetta).

2. The projection formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first parent. — Adam's flannel (Bot.), the mullein (Verbascum thapsus). — Adam's needle (Bot.), the popular name of a genus (Yucca) of liliaceous plants.

ADAMANT Ad"a*mant, n. Etym: [OE. adamaunt, adamant, diamond, magnet, OF. adamant, L. adamas, adamantis, the hardest metal, fr. Gr. adamare to love, be attached to, the word meant also magnet, as in OF. and LL. See Diamond, Tame.]

1. A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the embodiment of impenetrable hardness. Opposed the rocky orb Of tenfold adamant, his ample shield. Milton.

2. Lodestone; magnet. [Obs.] "A great adamant of acquaintance." Bacon. As true to thee as steel to adamant. Greene.

ADAMANTEAN
Ad`a*man*te"an, a. Etym: [L. adamanteus.]

Defn: Of adamant; hard as adamant. Milton.

ADAMANTINE
Ad`a*man"tine, a. Etym: [L. adamantinus, Gr.

1. Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated; as, adamantine bonds or chains.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Like the diamond in hardness or luster.

ADAMBULACRAL
Ad`am*bu*la"cral, a. Etym: [L. ad + E. ambulacral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Next to the ambulacra; as, the adambulacral ossicles of the starfish.

ADAMIC; ADAMICAL
A*dam"ic, A*dam"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Adam, or resembling him. Adamic earth, a name given to common red clay, from a notion that Adam means red earth.

ADAMITE
Ad"am*ite, n. Etym: [From Adam.]

1. A descendant of Adam; a human being.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of visionaries, who, professing to imitate the state of Adam, discarded the use of dress in their assemblies.

ADAM'S APPLE
Ad"am's ap"ple.

Defn: See under Adam.

ADANCE
A*dance", adv.

Defn: Dancing. Lowell.

ADANGLE
A*dan"gle, adv.

Defn: Dangling. Browning.

ADANSONIA
Ad`an*so"ni*a, n. Etym: [From Adanson, a French botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two species, A. digitata, the baobab or monkey-bread of Africa and India, and A. Gregorii, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of Australia. Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and filled with pleasantly acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the bark is used by the natives for making ropes and cloth. D. C. Eaton.

ADAPT
A*dapt", a.

Defn: Fitted; suited. [Obs.] Swift.

ADAPT
A*dapt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adapted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adapting.]
Etym: [L. adaptare; ad + aptare to fit; cf. F. adapter. See Apt,
Adept.]

Defn: To make suitable; to fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to
fit for a new use; — sometimes followed by to or for.
For nature, always in the right, To your decays adapts my sight.
Swift.
Appeals adapted to his [man's] whole nature. Angus.
Streets ill adapted for the residence of wealthy persons. Macaulay.

ADAPTABILITY; ADAPTABLENESS
A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty, A*dapt"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adaptable; suitableness. "General adaptability for every purpose." Farrar.

ADAPTABLE
A*dapt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being adapted.

ADAPTATION
Ad`ap*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. adaptation, LL. adaptatio.]

1. The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or the state of being adapted or fitted; fitness. "Adaptation of the means to the end." Erskine.

2. The result of adapting; an adapted form.

ADAPTATIVE
A*dapt"a*tive, a.

Defn: Adaptive. Stubbs.

ADAPTEDNESS
A*dapt"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special fitness.

ADAPTER
A*dapt"er, n.

1. One who adapts.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A connecting tube; an adopter.

ADAPTION
A*dap"tion, n.

Defn: Adaptation. Cheyne.

ADAPTIVE
A*dapt"ive, a.

Defn: Suited, given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation; capable of adapting. Coleridge. — A*dapt"ive*ly, adv.

ADAPTIVENESS
A*dapt"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adaptive; capacity to adapt.

ADAPTLY
A*dapt"ly, adv.

Defn: In a suitable manner. [R.] Prior.

ADAPTNESS
A*dapt"ness, n.

Defn: Adaptedness. [R.]

ADAPTORIAL
Ad`ap*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Adaptive. [R.]

ADAR
A"dar, n. Etym: [Heb. adär.]

Defn: The twelfth month of the Hebrew ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded nearly with March.

ADARCE
A*dar"ce, n. Etym: [L. adarce, adarca, Gr.

Defn: A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for cleansing the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in leprosy. Dana.

ADATIS
Ad"a*tis, n.

Defn: A fine cotton cloth of India.

ADAUNT A*daunt", v. t. Etym: [OE. adaunten to overpower, OF. adonter; à (L. ad) + donter, F. dompter. See Daunt.]

Defn: To daunt; to subdue; to mitigate. [Obs.] Skelton.

ADAW A*daw", v. t. Etym: [Cf. OE. adawe of dawe, AS. of dagum from days, i. e., from life, out of life.]

Defn: To subdue; to daunt. [Obs.]
The sight whereof did greatly him adaw. Spenser.

ADAW
A*daw", v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. adawen to wake; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-
, Ger. er-) + dawen, dagon, to dawn. See Daw.]

Defn: To awaken; to arouse. [Obs.]
A man that waketh of his sleep He may not suddenly well taken keep
Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly Till that he be adawed verily.
Chaucer.

ADAYS A*days", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- (for on) + day; the final s was orig. a genitive ending, afterwards forming adverbs.]

Defn: By day, or every day; in the daytime. [Obs.] Fielding.

AD CAPTANDUM
Ad cap*tan"dum. Etym: [L., for catching.]

Defn: A phrase used adjectively sometimes of meretricious attempts to catch or win popular favor.

ADD Add, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Added; p. pr. & vb. n. Adding.] Etym: [L. addere; ad + dare to give, put. Cf. Date, Do.]

1. To give by way of increased possession (to any one); to bestow (on). The Lord shall add to me another son. Gen. xxx. 24.

2. To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; as, to add numbers; to add up a column. Back to thy punishment, False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings. Milton. As easily as he can add together the ideas of two days or two years. Locke.

3. To append, as a statement; to say further. He added that he would willingly consent to the entire abolition of the tax. Macaulay.

Syn. — To Add, Join, Annex, Unite, Coalesce. We add by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We join by putting one thing to another in close or continuos connection. We annex by attaching some adjunct to a larger body. We unite by bringing things together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things coalesce by coming together or mingling so as to form one organization. To add quantities; to join houses; to annex territory; to unite kingdoms; to make parties coalesce.

ADD
Add, v. i.

1. To make an addition. To add to, to augment; to increase; as, it adds to our anxiety. "I will add to your yoke." 1 Kings xii. 14.

2. To perform the arithmetical operation of addition; as, he adds rapidly.

ADDABLE
Add"a*ble, a. Etym: [Add, v. + -able.]

Defn: Addible.

ADDAX
Ad"dax, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the largest African antelopes (Hippotragus, or Oryx, nasomaculatus).

Note: It is now believed to be the Strepsiceros (twisted horn) of the ancients. By some it is thought to be the pygarg of the Bible.

ADDEEM
Ad*deem", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + deem.]

Defn: To award; to adjudge. [Obs.] "Unto him they did addeem the prise." Spenser.

ADDENDUM
Ad*den"dum, n.; pl. Addenda. Etym: [L., fr. addere to add.]

Defn: A thing to be added; an appendix or addition. Addendum circle
(Mech.), the circle which may be described around a circular spur
wheel or gear wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth.
Rankine.

ADDER
Add"er, n. Etym: [See Add.]

Defn: One who, or that which, adds; esp., a machine for adding numbers.

ADDER Ad"der, n. Etym: [OE. addere, naddere, eddre, AS. nædre, adder, snake; akin to OS. nadra, OHG. natra, natara, Ger. natter, Goth. nadrs, Icel. nathr, masc., nathra, fem.: cf. W. neidr, Gorn. naddyr, Ir. nathair, L. natrix, water snake. An adder is for a nadder.]

1. A serpent. [Obs.] "The eddre seide to the woman." Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. )

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A small venomous serpent of the genus Vipera. The common European adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus. The puff adders of Africa are species of Clotho. (b) In America, the term is commonly applied to several harmless snakes, as the milk adder, puffing adder, etc. (c) Same as Sea Adder.

Note: In the sculptures the appellation is given to several venomous serpents, — sometimes to the horned viper (Cerastles).

ADDER FLY
Ad"der fly.

Defn: A dragon fly.

ADDER'S-TONGUE Ad"der's-tongue`, n. (Bot.) (a) A genus of ferns (Ophioglossum), whose seeds are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue. (b) The yellow dogtooth violet. Gray.

ADDERWORT
Ad"der*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common bistort or snakeweed (Polygonum bistorta).

ADDIBILITY
Add`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quantity of being addible; capability of addition. Locke.

ADDIBLE
Add"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being added. "Addible numbers." Locke.

ADDICE
Ad"dice, n.

Defn: See Adze. [Obs.] Moxon.

ADDICT
Ad*dict", p. p.

Defn: Addicted; devoted. [Obs.]

ADDICT
Ad*dict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Addicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Addicting.]
Etym: [L. addictus, p. p. of addicere to adjudge, devote; ad + dicere
to say. See Diction.]

1. To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; — with to. "They addict themselves to the civil law." Evelyn. He is addicted to his study. Beau. & Fl. That part of mankind that addict their minds to speculations. Adventurer. His genius addicted him to the study of antiquity. Fuller. A man gross . . . and addicted to low company. Macaulay.

2. To adapt; to make suitable; to fit. [Obs.] The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but the coldness of the place hinders the growth. Evelyn.

Syn. — Addict, Devote, Consecrate, Dedicate. Addict was formerly used in a good sense; as, addicted to letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an indifferent one; as, addicted to vice; addicted to sensual indulgence. "Addicted to staying at home." J. S. Mill. Devote is always taken in a good sense, expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite object; as, devoted to science. Consecrate and dedicate express devotion of a higher kind, involving religious sentiment; as, consecrated to the service of the church; dedicated to God.

ADDICTEDNESS
Ad*dict"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being addicted; attachment.

ADDICTION
Ad*dic"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. addictio an adjudging.]

Defn: The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination. "His addiction was to courses vain." Shak.

ADDISON'S DISEASE
Ad"di*son's dis*ease". Etym: [Named from Thomas Addison, M. D., of
London, who first described it.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition causing a peculiar brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually fatal.

ADDITAMENT Ad*dit"a*ment, n. Etym: [L. additamentum, fr. additus, p. p. of addere to add.]

Defn: An addition, or a thing added. Fuller. My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an additament of a later age. Coleridge.

ADDITION
Ad*di"tion, n. Etym: [F. addition, L. additio, fr. addere to add.]

1. The act of adding two or more things together; — opposed to subtraction or diminution. "This endless addition or addibility of numbers." Locke.

2. Anything added; increase; augmentation; as, a piazza is an addition to a building.

3. (Math.)

Defn: That part of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A dot at the right side of a note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one half. [R.]

5. (Law)

Defn: A title annexed to a man's name, to identify him more precisely; as, John Doe, Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent.; Robert Dale, Mason; Thomas Way, of New York; a mark of distinction; a title.

6. (Her.)

Defn: Something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor; — opposed to abatement. Vector addition (Geom.), that kind of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC.

Syn.
 — Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage; adjunct.

ADDITIONAL
Ad*di"tion*al, a.

Defn: Added; supplemental; in the way of an addition.

ADDITIONAL
Ad*di"tion*al, n.

Defn: Something added. [R.] Bacon.

ADDITIONALLY
Ad*di"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of addition.

ADDITIONARY
Ad*di"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Additional. [R.] Herbert.

ADDITITIOUS
Ad`di*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. addititius, fr. addere.]

Defn: Additive. [R.] Sir J. Herschel.

ADDITIVE
Ad"di*tive, a. Etym: [L. additivus.] (Math.)

Defn: Proper to be added; positive; — opposed to subtractive.

ADDITORY
Ad"di*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to add; making some addition. [R.] Arbuthnot.

ADDLE
Ad"dle, n. Etym: [OE. adel, AS. adela, mud.]

1. Liquid filth; mire. [Obs.]

2. Lees; dregs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

ADDLE
Ad"dle, a.

Defn: Having lost the power of development, and become rotten, as eggs; putrid. Hence: Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled. Dryden.

ADDLE
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Addled; p. pr. & vb. n. Addling.]

Defn: To make addle; to grow addle; to muddle; as, he addled his brain. "Their eggs were addled." Cowper.

ADDLE
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. adlen, adilen, to gain, acquire; prob.
fr. Icel. ö\'eblask to acquire property, akin to othal property. Cf.
Allodial.]

1. To earn by labor. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

2. To thrive or grow; to ripen. [Prov. Eng.] Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more. Tusser.

ADDLE-BRAIN; ADDLE-HEAD; ADDLE-PATE
Ad"dle-brain`, Ad"dle-head`, Ad"dle-pate, n.

Defn: A foolish or dull-witted fellow. [Colloq.]

ADDLE-BRAINED; ADDLE-HEADED; ADDLE-PATED
Ad"dle-brained`, Ad"dle-head`ed, Ad"dle-pa`ted, a.

Defn: Dull-witted; stupid. "The addle-brained Oberstein." Motley.
Dull and addle-pated. Dryden.

ADDLE-PATEDNESS
Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness, n.

Defn: Stupidity.

ADDLINGS
Ad"dlings, n. pl. Etym: [See Addle, to earn.]

Defn: Earnings. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

ADDOOM
Ad*doom", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + doom.]

Defn: To adjudge. [Obs.] Spenser.

ADDORSED
Ad*dorsed", a. Etym: [L. ad + dorsum, back: cf. F. adossé.] (Her.)

Defn: Set or turned back to back.

ADDRESS Ad*dress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Addressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Addressing.] Etym: [OE. adressen to raise erect, adorn, OF. adrecier, to straighten, address, F. adresser, fr. à (L. ad) + OF. drecier, F. dresser, to straighten, arrange. See Dress, v.]

1. To aim; to direct. [Obs.] Chaucer. And this good knight his way with me addrest. Spenser.

2. To prepare or make ready. [Obs.] His foe was soon addressed. Spenser. Turnus addressed his men to single fight. Dryden. The five foolish virgins addressed themselves at the noise of the bridegroom's coming. Jer. Taylor.

3. Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply one's skill or energies (to some object); to betake. These men addressed themselves to the task. Macaulay.

4. To clothe or array; to dress. [Archaic] Tecla . . . addressed herself in man's apparel. Jewel.

5. To direct, as words (to any one or any thing); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. (to any one, an audience). The young hero had addressed his players to him for his assistance. Dryden.

6. To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to; to accost. Are not your orders to address the senate Addison. The representatives of the nation addressed the king. Swift.

7. To direct in writing, as a letter; to superscribe, or to direct and transmit; as, he addressed a letter.

8. To make suit to as a lover; to court; to woo.

9. (Com.)

Defn: To consign or intrust to the care of another, as agent or factor; as, the ship was addressed to a merchant in Baltimore. To address one's self to. (a) To prepare one's self for; to apply one's self to. (b) To direct one's speech or discourse to.

ADDRESS
Ad*dress", v. i.

1. To prepare one's self. [Obs.] "Let us address to tend on Hector's heels." Shak.

2. To direct speech. [Obs.] Young Turnus to the beauteous maid addrest. Dryden.

Note: The intransitive uses come from the dropping out of the reflexive pronoun.

ADDRESS
Ad*dress, n. Etym: [Cf. F. adresse. See Address, v. t.]

1. Act of preparing one's self. [Obs.] Jer Taylor.

2. Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal application.

3. A formal communication, either written or spoken; a discourse; a speech; a formal application to any one; a petition; a formal statement on some subject or special occasion; as, an address of thanks, an address to the voters.

4. Direction or superscription of a letter, or the name, title, and place of residence of the person addressed.

5. Manner of speaking to another; delivery; as, a man of pleasing or insinuating address.

6. Attention in the way one's addresses to a lady. Addison.

7. Skill; skillful management; dexterity; adroitness.

Syn. — Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition; lecture; readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.

ADDRESSEE
Ad`dress*ee", n.

Defn: One to whom anything is addressed.

ADDRESSION
Ad*dres"sion, n.

Defn: The act of addressing or directing one's course. [Rare & Obs.]
Chapman.

ADDUCE
Ad*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adduced; p. pr. & vb. n. Adducing.]
Etym: [L. adducere, adductum, to lead or bring to; ad + ducere to
lead. See Duke, and cf. Adduct.]

Defn: To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or
consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege.
Reasons . . . were adduced on both sides. Macaulay.
Enough could not be adduced to satisfy the purpose of illustration.
De Quincey.

Syn. — To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign; urge; name; mention.

ADDUCENT
Ad*du"cent, a. Etym: [L. addunces, p. pr. of adducere.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Bringing together or towards a given point; — a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part towards another. Opposed to abducent.

ADDUCER
Ad*du"cer, n.

Defn: One who adduces.

ADDUCIBLE
Ad*du"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being adduced. Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner diversified, are adducible. I. Taylor.

ADDUCT
Ad*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. adductus, p. p. of adducere. See Adduce.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: To draw towards a common center or a middle line. Huxley.

ADDUCTION
Ad*duc"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. adduction. See Adduce.]

1. The act of adducing or bringing forward. An adduction of facts gathered from various quarters. I. Taylor.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis]; — opposed to abduction. Dunglison.

ADDUCTIVE
Ad*duc"tive, a.

Defn: Adducing, or bringing towards or to something.

ADDUCTOR
Ad*duc"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. adducere.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; — opposed to abductor; as, the adductor of the eye, which turns the eye toward the nose. In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of the shell are called adductor muscles. Verrill.

ADDULCE
Ad*dulce", v. t. Etym: [Like F. adoucir; fr. L. ad. + dulcis sweet.]

Defn: To sweeten; to soothe. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADEEM
A*deem", v. t. Etym: [L. adimere. See Ademption.] (Law)

Defn: To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to satisfy it by some other gift.

ADELANTADILLO
A`de*lan`ta*dil"lo, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe grapes.

ADELANTADO A`de*lan*ta"do, n. Etym: [Sp., prop. p. of adelantar to advance, to promote.]

Defn: A governor of a province; a commander. Prescott.

ADELASTER
Ad*e*las"ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its proper genus.

ADELING
Ad"el*ing, n.

Defn: Same as Atheling.

ADELOCODONIC
A*del`o*co*don"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike form and do not become free; — opposed to phanerocodonic.

ADELOPOD
A*del"o*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal having feet that are not apparent.

ADELPHIA
A*del"phi*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A "brotherhood," or collection of stamens in a bundle; — used in composition, as in the class names, Monadelphia, Diadelphia, etc.

ADELPHOUS
A*del"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having coalescent or clustered filaments; — said of stamens; as, adelphous stamens. Usually in composition; as, monadelphous. Gray.

ADEMPT
A*dempt", p. p. Etym: [L. ademptus, p. p. of adimere to take away.]

Defn: Takes away. [Obs.]
Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or adempt.
Latimn.

ADEMPTION A*demp"tion, n. Etym: [L. ademptio, fr. adimere, ademptum, to take away; ad + emere to buy, orig. to take.] (Law)

Defn: The revocation or taking away of a grant donation, legacy, or the like. Bouvier.

ADEN-; ADENO-
Aden- or Adeno-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Combining forms of the Greek word for gland; — used in words relating to the structure, diseases, etc., of the glands.

ADENALGIA; ADENALGY
Ad`e*nal"gi*a, Ad"e*nal`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: (Med.) Pain in a gland.

ADENIFORM
A*den"i*form, a. Etym: [Aden- + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a gland; adenoid. Dunglison.

ADENITIS
Ad`e*ni"tis, n. Etym: [Aden- + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Glandular inflammation. Dunglison.

ADENOGRAPHIC
Ad`e*no*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to adenography.

ADENOGRAPHY
Ad`e*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Adeno- + -graphy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which describes the glands.

ADENOID; ADENOIDAL
Ad"e*noid, Ad`e*noid"al a.

Defn: Glandlike; glandular.

ADENOLOGICAL
Ad`e*no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to adenology.

ADENOLOGY
Ad`e*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Adeno- + -logy.]

Defn: The part of physiology that treats of the glands.

ADENOMA
Ad`e*no"ma, n.; L. pl. -mata (#). [NL.; adeno- + -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A benign tumor of a glandlike structure; morbid enlargement of a gland. — Ad`e*nom"a*tous, a.

ADENOPATHY
Ad"e*nop"a*thy, n. [Adeno- + Gr. suffering, to suffer.] (Med.)

Defn: Disease of a gland.

ADENOPHOROUS
Ad`e*noph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Adeno- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing glands.

ADENOPHYLLOUS
Ad`e*noph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Adeno- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having glands on the leaves.

ADENOSCLEROSIS
Ad"e*no*scle*ro"sis, n. [NL.; adeno- + sclerosis.] (Med.)

Defn: The hardening of a gland.

ADENOSE
Ad"e*nose`, a.

Defn: Like a gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.

ADENOTOMIC
Ad`e*no*tom"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to adenotomy.

ADENOTOMY
Ad`e*not"o*my, n. Etym: [Adeno- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Dissection of, or incision into, a gland or glands.

ADENOUS
Ad"e*nous, a.

Defn: Same as Adenose.

ADEN ULCER A"den ul"cer. [So named after Aden, a seaport in Southern Arabia, where it occurs.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease endemic in various parts of tropical Asia, due to a specific microörganism which produces chronic ulcers on the limbs. It is often fatal. Called also Cochin China ulcer, Persian ulcer, tropical ulcer, etc.

ADEPS
Ad"eps, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Animal fat; lard.

ADEPT A*dept", n. Etym: [L. adeptus obtained (sc. artem), adipsci to arrive ad + apisci to pursue. See Apt, and cf. Adapt.]

Defn: One fully skilled or well versed in anything; a proficient; as, adepts in philosophy.

ADEPT
A*dept", a.

Defn: Well skilled; completely versed; thoroughly proficient.
Beaus adept in everything profound. Cowper.

ADEPTION
A*dep"tion, n. Etym: [L. adeptio. See Adept, a.]

Defn: An obtaining; attainment. [Obs.] In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief adeption of the victory. Grafton.

ADEPTIST
A*dept"ist, n.

Defn: A skilled alchemist. [Obs.]

ADEPTNESS
A*dept"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adept; skill.

ADEQUACY
Ad"e*qua*cy, n. Etym: [See Adequate.]

Defn: The state or quality of being adequate, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a particular purpose; as, the adequacy of supply to the expenditure.

ADEQUATE Ad"e*quate, a. Etym: [L. adaequatus, p. p. of adaequare to make equal to; ad + aequare to make equal, aequus equal. See Equal.]

Defn: Equal to some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent;
fully sufficient; as, powers adequate to a great work; an adequate
definition.
Ireland had no adequate champion. De Quincey.

Syn. — Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable; competent; capable.

ADEQUATE
Ad"e*quate, v. t. Etym: [See Adequate, a.]

1. To equalize; to make adequate. [R.] Fotherby.

2. To equal. [Obs.] It [is] an impossibility for any creature to adequate God in his eternity. Shelford.

ADEQUATELY
Ad"e*quate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adequate manner.

ADEQUATENESS
Ad"e*quate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy.

ADEQUATION
Ad`e*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. adaequatio.]

Defn: The act of equalizing; act or result of making adequate; an equivalent. [Obs.] Bp. Barlow.

ADESMY
A*des"my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The division or defective coherence of an organ that is usually entire.

ADESSENARIAN Ad*es`se*na"ri*an, n. Etym: [Formed fr. L. adesse to be present; ad + esse to be.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who held the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not by transubstantiation.

ADFECTED
Ad*fect"ed, a. Etym: [L. adfectus or affectus. See Affect, v.] (Alg.)

Defn: See Affected, 5.

ADFILIATED
Ad*fil"i*a`ted, a.

Defn: See Affiliated. [Obs.]

ADFILIATION
Ad*fil`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Affiliation. [Obs.]

ADFLUXION
Ad*flux"ion, n.

Defn: See Affluxion.

ADHAMANT
Ad*ha"mant, a. Etym: [From L. adhamare to catch; ad + hamus hook.]

Defn: Clinging, as by hooks.

ADHERE
Ad*here", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adhered; p. pr. & vb. n. Adhering.]
Etym: [L. adhaerere, adhaesum; ad + haerere to stick: cf. F. adhérer.
See Aghast.]

1. To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to become joined or united; as, wax to the finger; the lungs sometimes adhere to the pleura.

2. To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; as, men adhere to a party, a cause, a leader, a church.

3. To be consistent or coherent; to be in accordance; to agree. "Nor time nor place did then adhere." Every thing adheres together." Shak.

Syn.
 — To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold

ADHERENCE
Ad*her"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. adhérence, LL. adhaerentia.]

1. The quality or state of adhering.

2. The state of being fixed in attachment; fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; as, adherence to a party or to opinions.

Syn. — Adherence, Adhesion. These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost entirely separated. Adherence is no longer used to denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or habits; as, a strict adherence to one's duty; close adherence to the argument, etc. Adhesion is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the phrase "To give in one's adhesion to a cause or a party."

ADHERENCY
Ad*her"en*cy, n.

1. The state or quality of being adherent; adherence. [R.]

2. That which adheres. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ADHERENT
Ad*her"ent, a. Etym: [L. adhaerens, -entis, p. pr.: cf. F. adhérent.]

1. Sticking; clinging; adhering. Pope.

2. Attached as an attribute or circumstance.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Congenitally united with an organ of another kind, as calyx with ovary, or stamens with petals.

ADHERENT
Ad*her"ent, n.

1. One who adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party, or profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular faith or church.

2. That which adheres; an appendage. [R.] Milton.

Syn. — Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter; dependent; ally; backer.

ADHERENTLY
Ad*her"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adherent manner.

ADHERER
Ad*her"er, n.

Defn: One who adheres; an adherent.

ADHESION
Ad*he"sion, n. Etym: [L. adhaesio, fr. adhaerere: cf. F. adhésion.]

1. The action of sticking; the state of being attached; intimate union; as the adhesion of glue, or of parts united by growth, cement, or the like.

2. Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity; as, to error, to a policy. His adhesion to the Tories was bounded by his approbation of their foreign policy. De Quincey.

3. Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent. To that treaty Spain and England gave in their adhesion. Macaulay.

4. (Physics)

Defn: The molecular attraction exerted between bodies in contact. See
Cohesion.

5. (Med.)

Defn: Union of surface, normally separate, by the formation of new tissue resulting from an inflammatory process.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: The union of parts which are separate in other plants, or in younger states of the same plant.

Syn.
 — Adherence; union. See Adherence.

ADHESIVE
Ad*he"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. adhésif.]

1. Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances.

2. Apt or tending to adhere; clinging. Thomson. Adhesive attraction. (Physics) See Attraction. — Adhesive inflammation (Surg.), that kind of inflammation which terminates in the reunion of divided parts without suppuration. — Adhesive plaster, a sticking; a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive oil.

ADHESIVELY
Ad*he"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adhesive manner.

ADHESIVENESS
Ad*he"sive*ness, n.

1. The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of union.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: Propensity to form and maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social intercourse.

ADHIBIT Ad*hib"it, v. t. Etym: [L. adhibitus, p. p. of adhibere to hold to; ad + habere to have.]

1. To admit, as a person or thing; to take in. Muirhead.

2. To use or apply; to administer. Camden.

3. To attach; to affix. Alison.

ADHIBITION
Ad`hi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. adhibitio.]

Defn: The act of adhibiting; application; use. Whitaker.

AD HOMINEM
Ad hom"i*nem. Etym: [L., to the man.]

Defn: ` phrase applied to an appeal or argument addressed to the principles, interests, or passions of a man.

ADHORT
Ad*hort", v. t. Etym: [L. adhortari. See Adhortation.]

Defn: To exhort; to advise. [Obs.] Feltham.

ADHORTATION Ad`hor*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. adhortatio, fr. adhortari to advise; ad + hortari to exhort.]

Defn: Advice; exhortation. [Obs.] Peacham.

ADHORTATORY
Ad*hor"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory. [Obs.]
Potter.

ADIABATIC
Ad`i*a*bat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Not giving out or receiving heat. — Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly, adv. Adiabatic line or curve, a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out heat. Rankine.

ADIACTINIC
Ad`i*ac*tin"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + diactinic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Not transmitting the actinic rays.

ADIANTUM
Ad`i*an"tum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed water; maidenhair.
Also, the black maidenhair, a species of spleenwort.

ADIAPHORISM
Ad`i*aph"o*rism, n.

Defn: Religious indifference.

ADIAPHORIST
Ad`i*aph"o*rist, n. Etym: [See Adiaphorous.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some opinions and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which Luther condemned as sinful or heretical. Murdock.

ADIAPHORISTIC
Ad`i*aph`o*ris"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and practice.
Shipley.

ADIAPHORITE
Ad`i*aph"o*rite, n.

Defn: Same as Adiaphorist.

ADIAPHOROUS
Ad`i*aph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Indifferent or neutral. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Incapable of doing either harm or good, as some medicines.
Dunglison.

ADIAPHORY
Ad`i*aph"o*ry, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Indifference. [Obs.]

ADIATHERMIC
Ad`i*a*ther"mic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Not pervious to heat.

ADIEU A*dieu", interj. & adv. Etym: [OE. also adew, adewe, adue, F. dieu, fr. L. ad to + deus God.]

Defn: Good-by; farewell; an expression of kind wishes at parting.

ADIEU
A*dieu", n.; pl. Adieus.

Defn: A farewell; commendation to the care of God at parting. Shak.

ADIGHT A*dight", v. t. [p. p. Adight.] Etym: [Pref. a- (intensive) + OE. dihten. See Dight.]

Defn: To set in order; to array; to attire; to deck, to dress. [Obs.]

AD INFINITUM
Ad in`fi*ni"tum. Etym: [L., to infinity.]

Defn: Without limit; endlessly.

AD INTERIM
Ad in"ter*imEtym: [L.]

Defn: Meanwhile; temporary.

ADIOS
A`dios", interj. [Sp., fr. L. ad to + deus god. Cf. Adieu.]

Defn: Adieu; farewell; good-by; — chiefly used among Spanish- speaking people.

 This word is often pronounced å*de"os, but the Spanish accent,
though weak, is on the final syllable.

ADIPESCENT
Ad`i*pes"cent, a. Etym: [L. adeps, adipis, fat + -escent.]

Defn: Becoming fatty.

ADIPIC
A*dip"ic, a. Etym: [L. adeps, adipis, fat.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; — applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid.

ADIPOCERATE
Ad`i*poc"er*ate, v. t.

Defn: To convert adipocere.

ADIPOCERATION
Ad`i*poc`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of changing into adipocere.

ADIPOCERE Ad"i*po*cere`, n. Etym: [L. adeps, adipis, fat + cera wax: cf. F. adipocere.]

Defn: A soft, unctuous, or waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the fat and muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result of fatty degeneration.

ADIPOCERIFORM
Ad`i*po*cer"i*form, a. Etym: [Adipocere + -form.]

Defn: Having the form or appearance of adipocere; as, an adipoceriform tumor.

ADIPOCEROUS
Ad`i*poc"er*ous, a.

Defn: Like adipocere.

ADIPOGENOUS
Ad`i*pog"e*nous, a. [See Adipose; -genous.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing fat.

ADIPOLYSIS
Ad`i*pol"y*sis, n. [NL.; L. adeps, adipis, fat + Gr. a loosing.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: The digestion of fats.

ADIPOLYTIC
Ad`i*po*lyt"ic, a. [L. adeps, adipis, fat + Gr. to loose.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydrolyzing fats; converting neutral fats into glycerin and free fatty acids, esp. by the action of an enzyme; as, adipolytic action.

ADIPOMA
Ad`i*po"ma, n.; L. pl. -mata (#). [NL. See Adipose; -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A mass of fat found internally; also, a fatty tumor. —
Ad`i*pom"a*tous, a.

ADIPOSE
Ad"i*pose`, a. Etym: [L. adeps, adipis, fat, grease.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to animal fat; fatty. Adipose fin (Zoöl.), a
soft boneless fin.
 — Adipose tissue (Anat.), that form of animal tissue which forms or
contains fat.

ADIPOSENESS; ADIPOSITY
Ad"i*pose`ness, Ad`i*pos"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being fat; fatness.

ADIPOUS
Ad"i*pous, a.

Defn: Fatty; adipose. [R.]

ADIPSOUS
A*dip"sous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Quenching thirst, as certain fruits.

ADIPSY
Ad"ip*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Absence of thirst.

ADIT
Ad"it, n. Etym: [L. aditus, fr. adire, , to go to; ad + ire to go.]

1. An entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal opening by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are carried away; — called also drift and tunnel.

2. Admission; approach; access. [R.] Yourself and yours shall have Free adit. Tennyson.

ADJACENCE; ADJACENCY
Ad"ja"cence, Ad*ja"cen*cy,Etym: [Cf. LL. adjacentia.]

1. The state of being adjacent or contiguous; contiguity; as, the adjacency of lands or buildings.

2. That which is adjacent.[R.] Sir T. Browne.

ADJACENT Ad*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. adjacens, -centis, p. pr. of adjacere to lie near; ad + jac to lie: cf. F. adjacent.]

Defn: Lying near, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; as, a field adjacent to the highway. "The adjacent forest." B. Jonson. Adjacent or contiguous angle. (Geom.) See Angle.

Syn. — Adjoining; contiguous; near. — Adjacent, Adjoining, Contiguous. Things are adjacent when they lie close each other, not necessary in actual contact; as, adjacent fields, adjacent villages, etc. I find that all Europe with her adjacent isles is peopled with Christians. Howell. Things are adjoining when they meet at some line or point of junction; as, adjoining farms, an adjoining highway. What is spoken of as contiguous should touch with some extent of one side or the whole of it; as, a row of contiguous buildings; a wood contiguous to a plain.

ADJACENT
Ad*ja"cent, n.

Defn: That which is adjacent. [R.] Locke.

ADJACENTLY
Ad*ja"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to be adjacent.

ADJECT Ad*ject", v. t. Etym: [L. adjectus, p. p. of adjicere to throw to, to add to; ad + ac to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

Defn: To add or annex; to join. Leland.

ADJECTION
Ad*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. adjectio, fr. adjicere: cf. F. adjection.
See Adject.]

Defn: The act or mode of adding; also, the thing added. [R.] B.
Jonson.

ADJECTIONAL
Ad*jec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed. [R.]
Earle.

ADJECTITIOUS
Ad`jec*ti"tious, Etym: [L. adjectitius.]

Defn: Added; additional. Parkhurst.

ADJECTIVAL
Ad`jec*ti"val, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature of an adjective; adjective. W. Taylor (1797)

ADJECTIVALLY
Ad`jec*ti"val*ly, adv.

Defn: As, or in the manner of, an adjective; adjectively.

ADJECTIVE
Ad"jec*tive, a. Etym: [See Adjective, n.]

1. Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the nature of an adjunct; as, an word sentence.

2. Not standing by itself; dependent. Adjective color, a color which requires to be fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency.

3. Relating to procedure. "The whole English law, substantive and adjective." Macaulay.

ADJECTIVE Ad"jec*tive, n. Etym: [L. adjectivum (sc. nomen), neut. of adjectivus that is added, fr. adjicere: cf. F. adjectif. See Adject.]

1. (Gram.)

Defn: A word used with a noun, or substantive, to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a thing, as distinct from something else. Thus, in phrase, "a wise ruler," wise is the adjective, expressing a property of ruler.

2. A dependent; an accessory. Fuller.

ADJECTIVE
Ad"jec*tive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjectived; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adjectiving.]

Defn: To make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective. [R.] Language has as much occasion to adjective the distinct signification of the verb, and to adjective also the mood, as it has to adjective time. It has . . . adjectived all three. Tooke.

ADJECTIVELY
Ad"jec*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an adjective; as, a word used adjectively.

ADJOIN
Ad*join", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjoined; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjoining.]
Etym: [OE. ajoinen, OF. ajoindre, F. adjoindre, fr. L. adjungere; ad
+ jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Adjunct.]

Defn: To join or unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact
with; to attach; to append.
Corrections . . . should be, as remarks, adjoined by way of note.
Watts.

ADJOIN
Ad*join", v. i.

1. To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; as, the houses adjoin. When one man's land adjoins to another's. Blackstone.

Note: The construction with to, on, or with is obsolete or obsolescent.

2. To join one's self. [Obs.] She lightly unto him adjoined side to side. Spenser.

ADJOINANT
Ad*join"ant, a.

Defn: Contiguous. [Obs.] Carew.

ADJOINING
Ad*join"ing, a.

Defn: Joining to; contiguous; adjacent; as, an adjoining room. "The adjoining fane." Dryden. Upon the hills adjoining to the city. Shak.

Syn.
 — Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting; bordering. See
Adjacent.

ADJOINT
Ad"joint, n.

Defn: An adjunct; a helper. [Obs.]

ADJOURN Ad*journ, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjourned; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjourning.] Etym: [OE. ajornen, OF. ajoiner, ajurner, F. ajourner; OF. a (L. ad) + jor, jur, jorn, F. jour, day, fr. L. diurnus belonging to the day, fr. dies day. Cf. Journal, Journey.]

Defn: To put off or defer to another day, or indefinitely; to
postpone; to close or suspend for the day; — commonly said of the
meeting, or the action, of convened body; as, to adjourn the meeting;
to adjourn a debate.
It is a common practice to adjourn the reformation of their lives to
a further time. Barrow.
'Tis a needful fitness That we adjourn this court till further day.
Shak.

Syn. — To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend. — To Adjourn, Prorogue, Dissolve. These words are used in respect to public bodies when they lay aside business and separate. Adjourn, both in Great Britain and this country, is applied to all cases in which such bodies separate for a brief period, with a view to meet again. Prorogue is applied in Great Britain to that act of the executive government, as the sovereign, which brings a session of Parliament to a close. The word is not used in this country, but a legislative body is said, in such a case, to adjourn sine die. To dissolve is to annul the corporate existence of a body. In order to exist again the body must be reconstituted.

ADJOURN
Ad*journ", v. i.

Defn: To suspend business for a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period, or indefinitely; usually, to suspend public business, as of legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; as, congress adjourned at four o'clock; the court adjourned without day.

ADJOURNAL
Ad*journ"al, n.

Defn: Adjournment; postponement. [R.] "An adjournal of the Diet." Sir
W. Scott.

ADJOURNMENT
Ad*journ"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. f. adjournement, OF. ajornement. See
Adjourn.]

1. The act of adjourning; the putting off till another day or time specified, or without day.

2. The time or interval during which a public body adjourns its sittings or postpones business.

ADJUDGE
Ad*judge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjudged; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudging.]
Etym: [OE. ajugen, OF. ajugier, fr. L. adjudicare; ad + judicare to
judge. See Judge, and cf. Adjudicate.]

1. To award judicially in the case of a controverted question; as, the prize was adjudged to the victor.

2. To determine in the exercise of judicial power; to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; as, the case was adjudged in the November term.

3. To sentence; to condemn. Without reprieve, adjudged to death For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth. Milton.

4. To regard or hold; to judge; to deem. He adjudged him unworthy of his friendship. Knolles.

Syn.
 — To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain; assign.

ADJUDGER
Ad*judg"er, n.

Defn: One who adjudges.

ADJUDGMENT
Ad*judg"ment, n.

Defn: The act of adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication. Sir W.
Temple.

ADJUDICATE
Ad*ju"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjudicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adjudicating] Etym: [L. adjudicatus, p. p. of adjudicare. See
Adjudge.]

Defn: To adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by judicial decree.

ADJUDICATE
Ad*ju"di*cate, v. i.

Defn: To come to a judicial decision; as, the court adjudicated upon the case.

ADJUDICATION
Ad*ju`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. adjudicatio: cf. F. adjudication.]

1. The act of adjudicating; the act or process of trying and determining judicially.

2. A deliberate determination by the judicial power; a judicial decision or sentence. "An adjudication in favor of natural rights." Burke.

3. (Bankruptcy practice)

Defn: The decision upon the question whether the debtor is a bankrupt. Abbott.

4. (Scots Law)

Defn: A process by which land is attached security or in satisfaction of a debt.

ADJUDICATIVE
Ad*ju"di*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Adjudicating.

ADJUDICATOR
Ad*ju"di*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who adjudicates.

ADJUDICATURE
Ad*ju"di*ca*ture, n.

Defn: Adjudication.

ADJUGATE Ad"ju*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. adjugatus, p. p. of adjugare; ad + jugum a yoke.]

Defn: To yoke to. [Obs.]

ADJUMENT Ad"ju*ment, n. Etym: [L. adjumentum, for adjuvamentum, fr. adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to help.]

Defn: Help; support; also, a helper. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

ADJUNCT
Ad"junct`, a. Etym: [L. adjunctus, p. p. of adjungere. See Adjoin.]

Defn: Conjoined; attending; consequent.
Though that my death were adjunct to my act. Shak.
Adjunct notes (Mus.), short notes between those essential to the
harmony; auxiliary notes; passing notes.

ADJUNCT
Ad"junct`, n.

1. Something joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of it. Learning is but an adjunct to our self. Shak.

2. A person joined to another in some duty or service; a colleague; an associate. Wotton.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A word or words added to quality or amplify the force of other words; as, the History of the American Revolution, where the words in italics are the adjunct or adjuncts of "History."

4. (Metaph.)

Defn: A quality or property of the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; as, color, in the body, judgment in the mind.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A key or scale closely related to another as principal; a relative or attendant key. [R.] See Attendant keys, under Attendant, a.

ADJUNCTION Ad*junc"tion, n. Etym: [L. adjunctio, fr. adjungere: cf. F. adjonction, and see Adjunct.]

Defn: The act of joining; the thing joined or added.

ADJUNCTIVE
Ad*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. adjunctivus, fr. adjungere. See Adjunct.]

Defn: Joining; having the quality of joining; forming an adjunct.

ADJUNCTIVE
Ad*junc"tive, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, is joined.

ADJUNCTIVELY
Ad*junc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adjunctive manner.

ADJUNCTLY
Ad*junct"ly, adv.

Defn: By way of addition or adjunct; in connection with.

ADJURATION Ad`ju*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. adjuratio, fr. adjurare: cf. F. adjuration. See Adjure.]

1. The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal. What an accusation could not effect, an adjuration shall. Bp. Hall.

2. The form of oath or appeal. Persons who . . . made use of prayer and adjurations. Addison.

ADJURATORY
Ad*ju"ra*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. adjuratorius.]

Defn: Containing an adjuration.

ADJURE
Ad*jure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjured; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjuring].
Etym: [L. adjurare, adjurdium, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F.
adjurer. See Jury.]

Defn: To charge, bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive manner; to entreat earnestly. Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city Jericho. Josh. vi. 26. The high priest . . . said . . . I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ. Matt. xxvi. 63. The commissioners adjured them not to let pass so favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties. Marshall.

ADJURER
Ad*jur"er, n.

Defn: One who adjures.

ADJUST Ad*just", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjusting.] Etym: [OF. ajuster, ajoster (whence F. ajouter to add), LL. adjuxtare to fit; fr. L. ad + juxta near; confused later with L. ad and justus just, right, whence F. ajuster to adjust. See Just, v. t. and cf. Adjute.]

1. To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper relations; as, to adjust a garment to the body, or things to a standard.

2. To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to system. Adjusting the orthography. Johnson.

3. To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the result; as, to adjust accounts; the differences are adjusted.

4. To bring to a true relative position, as the parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; as, to adjust a telescope or microscope.

Syn. — To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set right; rectify; settle.

ADJUSTABLE
Ad*just"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being adjusted.

ADJUSTAGE
Ad*just"age, n. Etym: [Cf. Ajutage.]

Defn: Adjustment. [R.]

ADJUSTER
Ad*just"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, adjusts.

ADJUSTING PLANE; ADJUSTING SURFACE
Adjusting plane or surface. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A small plane or surface, usually capable of adjustment but not of manipulation, for preserving lateral balance in an aëroplane or flying machine.

ADJUSTIVE
Ad*just"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to adjust. [R.]

ADJUSTMENT
Ad*just"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ajustement. See Adjust.]

1. The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of bringing into proper relations; regulation. Success depends on the nicest and minutest adjustment of the parts concerned. Paley.

2. (Law)

Defn: Settlement of claims; an equitable arrangement of conflicting claims, as in set-off, contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and marshaling. Bispham.

3. The operation of bringing all the parts of an instrument, as a microscope or telescope, into their proper relative position for use; the condition of being thus adjusted; as, to get a good adjustment; to be in or out of adjustment.

Syn. — Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation; settlement; adaptation; disposition.

ADJUTAGE
Ad"ju*tage, n.

Defn: Same as Ajutage.

ADJUTANCY
Ad"ju*tan*cy, n. Etym: [See Adjutant.]

1. The office of an adjutant.

2. Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance. It was, no doubt, disposed with all the adjutancy of definition and division. Burke.

ADJUTANT
Ad"ju*tant, n. Etym: [L. adjutans, p. pr. of adjutare to help. See
Aid.]

1. A helper; an assistant.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A regimental staff officer, who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty. Adjutant general (a) (Mil.), the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the commanding general receives communications and issues military orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general. (b) (Among the Jesuits), one of a select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order, each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of very large stork (Ciconia argala), a native of India; — called also the gigantic crane, and by the native name argala. It is noted for its serpent-destroying habits.

ADJUTATOR
Ad"ju*ta`tor, n. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A corruption of Agitator.

ADJUTE
Ad*jute", v. t. Etym: [F. ajouter; confused with L. adjutare.]

Defn: To add. [Obs.]

ADJUTOR
Ad*ju"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. adjuvare. See Aid.]

Defn: A helper or assistant. [Archaic] Drayton.

ADJUTORY
Ad*ju"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. adjutorius.]

Defn: Serving to help or assist; helping. [Obs.]

ADJUTRIX
Ad*ju"trix, n. Etym: [L. See Adjutor.]

Defn: A female helper or assistant. [R.]

ADJUVANT Ad"ju*vant, a. Etym: [L. adjuvans, p. pr. of adjuvare to aid: cf. F. adjuvant. See Aid.]

Defn: Helping; helpful; assisting. [R.] "Adjuvant causes." Howell.

ADJUVANT
Ad"ju*vant, n.

1. An assistant. [R.] Yelverton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient.

ADLEGATION Ad`le*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. adlegatio, allegatio, a sending away; fr. adlegare, allegare, to send away with a commission; ad in addition + legare to send as ambassador. Cf. Allegation.]

Defn: A right formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of joining their own ministers with those of the emperor in public treaties and negotiations to the common interest of the empire. Encyc. Brit.

AD LIBITUM
Ad lib"i*tum

Defn: . At one's pleasure; as one wishes.

ADLOCUTION
Ad`lo*cu"tion, n.

Defn: See Allocution. [Obs.]

ADMARGINATE
Ad*mar"gin*ate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + margin.]

Defn: To write in the margin. [R.] Coleridge.

ADMAXILLARY
Ad*max"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. ad- + maxillary.] (Anat.)

Defn: Near to the maxilla or jawbone.

ADMEASURE
Ad*meas"ure, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. amesurer, LL. admensurare. See
Measure.]

1. To measure.

2. (Law)

Defn: To determine the proper share of, or the proper apportionment; as, to admeasure dower; to admeasure common of pasture. Blackstone.

2. The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.

3. (Law)

Defn: Formerly, the adjustment of proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. This was by writ of admeasurement, directed to the sheriff.

ADMEASURER
Ad*meas"ur*er, n.

Defn: One who admeasures.

ADMENSURATION Ad*men`su*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. admensuratio; L. ad + mensurare to measure. See Mensuration.]

Defn: Same as Admeasurement.

ADMINICLE Ad*min"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. adminculum support, orig., that on which the hand rests; ad + manus hand + dim. ending -culym.]

1. Help or support; an auxiliary. Grote.

2. (Law)

Defn: Corroborative or explanatory proof.

Note: In Scots law, any writing tending to establish the existence or terms of a lost deed. Bell.

ADMINICULAR
Ad`mi*nic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory; as, adminicular evidence. H. Spencer.

ADMINICULARY
Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry, a.

Defn: Adminicular.

ADMINISTER
Ad*min"is*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Administered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Administering.] Etym: [OE. aministren, OF. aministrer, F. administer,
fr. L. administrare; ad + ministrare to serve. See Minister.]

1. To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or superintend the execution, application, or conduct of; as, to administer the government or the state. For forms of government let fools contest: Whate'er is best administered is best. Pope.

2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; as, to administer relief, to administer the sacrament. [Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial airs. Philips. Justice was administered with an exactness and purity not before known. Macaulay.

3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a blow, a reproof, etc. A noxious drug had been administered to him. Macaulay.

4. To tender, as an oath. Swear . . . to keep the oath that we administer. Shak.

5. (Law)

Defn: To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a will, or whose will fails of an executor.

Syn. — To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give out; distribute; furnish.

ADMINISTER
Ad*min"is*ter, v. i.

1. To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to minister. A fountain . . . administers to the pleasure as well as the plenty of the place. Spectator.

2. (Law)

Defn: To perform the office of administrator; to act officially; as,
A administers upon the estate of B.

ADMINISTER
Ad*min"is*ter, n.

Defn: Administrator. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADMINISTERIAL
Ad*min`is*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of government.

ADMINISTRABLE
Ad*min"is*tra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being administered; as, an administrable law.

ADMINISTRANT
Ad*min"is*trant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of administrer. See
Administer.]

Defn: Executive; acting; managing affairs.
 — n.

Defn: One who administers.

ADMINISTRATE Ad*min"is*trate, v. t. Etym: [L. administratus, p. p. of administrare.]

Defn: To administer. [R.] Milman.

ADMINISTRATION Ad*min`is*tra"tion, n. Etym: [OE. administracioun, L. administratio: cf. F. administration.]

1. The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction; management. His financial administration was of a piece with his military administration. Macaulay.

2. The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain. A mild and popular administration. Macaulay. The administration has been opposed in parliament. Johnson.

3. The act of administering, or tendering something to another; dispensation; as, the administration of a medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the sacrament.

4. (Law) (a) The management and disposal, under legal authority, of the estate of an intestate, or of a testator having no competent executor. (b) The management of an estate of a deceased person by an executor, the strictly corresponding term execution not being in use. Administration with the will annexed, administration granted where the testator has appointed no executor, or where his appointment of an executor for any cause has failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act, etc.

Syn. — Conduct; management; direction; regulation; execution; dispensation; distribution.

ADMINISTRATIVE Ad*min"is*tra`tive, a. Etym: [L. administrativus: cf. F. administratif.]

Defn: Pertaining to administration; administering; executive; as, an administrative body, ability, or energy. — Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly, adv.

ADMINISTRATOR
Ad*min`is*tra"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.

2. (Law)

Defn: A man who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority.

ADMINISTRATORSHIP
Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The position or office of an administrator.

ADMINISTRATRIX
Ad*min`is*tra"trix, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A woman who administers; esp., one who administers the estate of an intestate, or to whom letters of administration have been granted; a female administrator.

ADMIRABILITY
Ad`mi*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. admirabilitac.]

Defn: Admirableness. [R.] Johnson.

ADMIRABLE
Ad"mi*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. admirabilis: cf. F. admirable.]

1. Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful; marvelous. [Obs.] In man there is nothing admirable but his ignorance and weakness. Jer. Taylor.

2. Having qualities to excite wonder united with approbation; deserving the highest praise; most excellent; — used of persons or things. "An admirable machine." "Admirable fortitude." Macaulay.

Syn. — Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent; delightful; praiseworthy.

ADMIRABLENESS
Ad"mi*ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being admirable; wonderful excellence.

ADMIRABLY
Ad"mi*ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In an admirable manner.

ADMIRAL Ad"mi*ral, n. Etym: [OE. amiral, admiral, OF. amiral, ultimately fr. Ar. amir-al-bahr commander of the sea; Ar. amir is commander, al is the Ar. article, and amir-al, heard in different titles, was taken as one word. Early forms of the word show confusion with L. admirabilis admirable, fr. admirari to admire. It is said to have been introduced into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th century. Cf. Ameer, Emir.]

1. A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high rank, of which there are different grades. The chief gradations in rank are admiral, vice admiral, and rear admiral. The admiral is the commander in chief of a fleet or of fleets.

2. The ship which carries the admiral; also, the most considerable ship of a fleet. Like some mighty admiral, dark and terrible, bearing down upon his antagonist with all his canvas straining to the wind, and all his thunders roaring from his broadsides. E. Everett.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A handsome butterfly (Pyrameis Atalanta) of Europe and America. The larva feeds on nettles. Admiral shell (Zoöl.), the popular name of an ornamental cone shell (Conus admiralis). Lord High Admiral, a great officer of state, who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is at the head of the naval administration of Great Britain.

ADMIRALSHIP
Ad"mi*ral*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of an admiral.

ADMIRALTY Ad"mi*ral*ty, n.; pl. Admiralties. Etym: [F. amirauté, for an older amiralté, office of admiral, fr. LL. admiralitas. See Admiral.]

1. The office or jurisdiction of an admiral. Prescott.

2. The department or officers having authority over naval affairs generally.

3. The court which has jurisdiction of maritime questions and offenses.

Note: In England, admiralty jurisdiction was formerly vested in the High Court of Admiralty, which was held before the Lord High Admiral, or his deputy, styled the Judge of the Admiralty; but admiralty jurisdiction is now vested in the probate, divorce, and admiralty division of the High Justice. In America, there are no admiralty courts distinct from others, but admiralty jurisdiction is vested in the district courts of the United States, subject to revision by the circuit courts and the Supreme Court of the United States. Admiralty jurisprudence has cognizance of maritime contracts and torts, collisions at sea, cases of prize in war, etc., and in America, admiralty jurisdiction is extended to such matters, arising out of the navigation of any of the public waters, as the Great Lakes and rivers.

4. The system of jurisprudence of admiralty courts.

5. The building in which the lords of the admiralty, in England, transact business.

ADMIRANCE
Ad*mir"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. admirance.]

Defn: Admiration. [Obs.] Spenser.

ADMIRATION
Ad`mi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. admiratio. See Admire.]

1. Wonder; astonishment. [Obs.] Season your admiration for a while. Shak.

2. Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an emotion excited by a person or thing possessed of wonderful or high excellence; as, admiration of a beautiful woman, of a landscape, of virtue.

3. Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder, or pleased
surprise; a prodigy.
Now, good Lafeu, bring in the admiration. Shak.
Note of admiration, the mark (!), called also exclamation point.

Syn.
 — Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration; reverence; worship.

ADMIRATIVE
Ad*mir"a*tive, a.

Defn: Relating to or expressing admiration or wonder. [R.] Earle.

ADMIRE
Ad*mire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admired; p. pr. & vb. n. Admiring.]
Etym: [F. admirer, fr. L. admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for
smirari, akin to Gr. smi, and E. smile.]

1. To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at. [Archaic] Examples rather to be admired than imitated. Fuller.

2. To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon with an elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls out approbation, esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize highly; as, to admire a person of high moral worth, to admire a landscape. Admired as heroes and as gods obeyed. Pope.

Note: Admire followed by the infinitive is obsolete or colloquial; as, I admire to see a man consistent in his conduct.

Syn.
 — To esteem; approve; delight in.

ADMIRE
Ad*mire", v. i.

Defn: To wonder; to marvel; to be affected with surprise; —
sometimes with at.
To wonder at Pharaoh, and even admire at myself. Fuller.

ADMIRED
Ad*mired", a.

1. Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; as, an admired poem.

2. Wonderful; also, admirable. [Obs.] "Admired disorder." " Admired Miranda." Shak.

ADMIRER
Ad*mir"er, n.

Defn: One who admires; one who esteems or loves greatly. Cowper.

ADMIRING
Ad*mir"ing, a.

Defn: Expressing admiration; as, an admiring glance.
 — Ad*mir"ing*ly, adv. Shak.

ADMISSIBILITY
Ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. admissibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being admissible; admissibleness; as, the admissibility of evidence.

ADMISSIBLE
Ad*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [F. admissible, LL. admissibilis. See Admit.]

Defn: Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of being admitted; that may
be allowed or conceded; allowable; as, the supposition is hardly
admissible.
 — Ad*mis"si*ble*ness, n.
 — Ad*mis"si*bly, adv.

ADMISSION
Ad*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. admissio: cf. F. admission. See Admit.]

1. The act or practice of admitting.

2. Power or permission to enter; admittance; entrance; access; power to approach. What numbers groan for sad admission there! Young.

3. The granting of an argument or position not fully proved; the act of acknowledging something The too easy admission of doctrines. Macaulay.

4. (Law)

Defn: Acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.

5. A fact, point, or statement admitted; as, admission made out of court are received in evidence.

6. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: Declaration of the bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve the cure of the church to which he is presented. Shipley.

Syn.
 — Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence; allowance.
See Admittance.

ADMISSIVE
Ad*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Implying an admission; tending to admit. [R.] Lamb.

ADMISSORY
Ad*mis"so*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to admission.

ADMIT
Ad*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Admitting.]
Etym: [OE. amitten, L. admittere, admissum; ad + mittere to send: cf.
F. admettre, OF. admettre, OF. ametre. See Missile.]

1. To suffer to enter; to grant entrance, whether into a place, or into the mind, or consideration; to receive; to take; as, they were into his house; to admit a serious thought into the mind; to admit evidence in the trial of a cause.

2. To give a right of entrance; as, a ticket one into a playhouse.

3. To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise; as, to admit an attorney to practice law; the prisoner was admitted to bail.

4. To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or confess; as, the argument or fact is admitted; he admitted his guilt.

5. To be capable of; to permit; as, the words do not admit such a construction. In this sense, of may be used after the verb, or may be omitted. Both Houses declared that they could admit of no treaty with the king. Hume.

ADMITTABLE
Ad*mit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Admissible. Sir T. Browne.

ADMITTANCE
Ad*mit"tance, n.

1. The act of admitting.

2. Permission to enter; the power or right of entrance; also, actual
entrance; reception.
To gain admittance into the house. South.
He desires admittance to the king. Dryden.
To give admittance to a thought of fear. Shak.

3. Concession; admission; allowance; as, the admittance of an argument. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

4. Admissibility. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The act of giving possession of a copyhold estate. Bouvier.

Syn. — Admission; access; entrance; initiation. — Admittance, Admission. These words are, to some extent, in a state of transition and change. Admittance is now chiefly confined to its primary sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we see on the doors of factories, shops, etc. "No admittance." Its secondary or moral sense, as "admittance to the church," is almost entirely laid aside. Admission has taken to itself the secondary or figurative senses; as, admission to the rights of citizenship; admission to the church; the admissions made by one of the parties in a dispute. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not identical with admittance. Thus, we speak of admission into a country, territory, and other larger localities, etc., where admittance could not be used. So, when we speak of admission to a concert or other public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly that of admittance, viz., access within the walls of the building, but rather a reception into the audience, or access to the performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject are one definitely drawn.

ADMITTATUR
Ad`mit*ta"tur, n. Etym: [L., let him be admitted.]

Defn: The certificate of admission given in some American colleges.

ADMITTED; ADMITTEDLY
Ad*mit"ted, a.

Defn: Received as true or valid; acknowledged.
 — Ad*mit"ted*ly adv.

Defn: Confessedly.

ADMITTER
Ad*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who admits.

ADMIX Ad*mix", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + mix: cf. L. admixtus, p. p. of admiscere. See Mix.]

Defn: To mingle with something else; to mix. [R.]

ADMIXTION
Ad*mix"tion, n. Etym: [L. admixtio.]

Defn: A mingling of different things; admixture. Glanvill.

ADMIXTURE Ad*mix"ture, n. Etym: [L. admiscere, admixtum, to admix; ad + miscere to mix. See Mix.]

1. The act of mixing; mixture.

2. The compound formed by mixing different substances together.

3. That which is mixed with anything.

ADMONISH Ad*mon"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admonished; p. pr. & vb. n. Admonishing.] Etym: [OE. amonesten, OF. amonester, F. admonester, fr. a supposed LL. admonesstrare, fr. L. admonere to remind, warn; ad + monere to warn. See Monition.]

1. To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to exhort. "Admonish him as a brother." 2 Thess. iii. 15.

2. To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or advise; to warn against danger or an offense; — followed by of, against, or a subordinate clause. Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Col. iii. 16. I warned thee, I admonished thee, foretold The danger, and the lurking enemy. Milton.

3. To instruct or direct; to inform; to notify. Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to make the tabernacle. Heb. viii. 5.

ADMONISHER
Ad*mon"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who admonishes.

ADMONISHMENT
Ad*mon"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. amonestement, admonestement.]

Defn: Admonition. [R.] Shak.

ADMONITION Ad`mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [OE. amonicioun, OF. amonition, F. admonition, fr. L. admonitio, fr. admonere. See Admonish.]

Defn: Gentle or friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or error; expression of authoritative advice; friendly caution or warning.

Syn. — Admonition, Reprehension, Reproof. Admonition is prospective, and relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to prevent further transgression. Reprehension and reproof are retrospective, the former being milder than the latter. A person of any age or station may be liable to reprehension in case of wrong conduct; but reproof is the act of a superior. It is authoritative fault-finding or censure addressed to children or to inferiors.

ADMONITIONER
Ad`mo*ni"tion*er, n.

Defn: Admonisher. [Obs.]

ADMONITIVE
Ad*mon"i*tive, a.

Defn: Admonitory. [R.] Barrow.
 — Ad*mon"i*tive*ly, adv.

ADMONITOR
Ad*mon"i*tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Admonisher; monitor.
Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent admonitor.
Shenstone.

ADMONITORIAL
Ad*mon`i*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Admonitory. [R.] "An admonitorial tone." Dickens.

ADMONITORY
Ad*mon"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. admonitorius.]

Defn: That conveys admonition; warning or reproving; as, an
admonitory glance.
 — Ad*mon"i*to*ri*ly,, adv.

ADMONITRIX
Ad*mon"i*trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A female admonitor.

ADMORTIZATION
Ad*mor`ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [LL. admortizatio. Cf. Amortization.]
(Law)

Defn: The reducing or lands or tenements to mortmain. See Mortmain.

ADMOVE
Ad*move", v. t. Etym: [L. admovere. See Move.]

Defn: To move or conduct to or toward. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ADNASCENT Ad*nas"cent, a. Etym: [L. adnascens, p. pr. of adnasci to be born, grow.]

Defn: Growing to or on something else. "An adnascent plant." Evelyn.

ADNATE Ad"nate, a. Etym: [L. adnatus, p. p. of adnasci. See Adnascent, and cf. Agnate.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: Grown to congenitally.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing together; — said only of organic cohesion of unlike
parts.
An anther is adnate when fixed by its whole length to the filament.
Gray.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Growing with one side adherent to a stem; — a term applied to the lateral zooids of corals and other compound animals.

ADNATION
Ad*na"tion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or sets of organs.

ADNOMINAL
Ad*nom"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. ad + nomen noun.] (Gram.)

Defn: Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a noun. Gibbs.
 — Ad*nom"i*nal*ly, adv.

ADNOUN
Ad"noun`, n. Etym: [Pref. ad- + noun.] (Gram.)

Defn: An adjective, or attribute. [R.] Coleridge.

ADNUBILATED
Ad*nu"bi*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. adnubilatus, p. p. of adnubilare.]

Defn: Clouded; obscured. [R.]

ADO
A*do", (1) v. inf., (2) n. Etym: [OE. at do, northern form for to do.
Cf. Affair.]

1. To do; in doing; as, there is nothing. "What is here ado" J. Newton.

2. Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome business; fuss; bustle; as, to make a great ado about trifles. With much ado, he partly kept awake. Dryden. Let's follow to see the end of this ado. Shak.

ADOBE
A*do"be, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an adjective, as, an adobe house, in Texas or New Mexico.

ADOLESCENCE
Ad`o*les"cence, n. Etym: [Fr., fr. L. adolescentia.]

Defn: The state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be, in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with reference to the lower animals.

ADOLESCENCY
Ad`o*les"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.

ADOLESCENT
Ad`o*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. adolescens, p. pr. of adolescere to grow
up to; ad + the inchoative olescere to grow: cf. F. adolescent. See
Adult.]

Defn: Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity. Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong, Detain their adolescent charge too long. Cowper.

ADOLESCENT
Ad`o*les"cent, n.

Defn: A youth.

ADONAI
Ad`o*na"i, n. [Heb. adonai, lit., my lord.]

Defn: A Hebrew name for God, usually translated in the Old Testament by the word "Lord".

 The later Jews used its vowel points to fill out the tetragrammaton
Yhvh, or Ihvh, "the incommunicable name," and in reading substituted
"Adonai".

ADONEAN
Ad`o*ne"an, a. Etym: [L. Adon.]

Defn: Pertaining to Adonis; Adonic. "Fair Adonean Venus." Faber.

ADONIC
A*don"ic, a. Etym: [F. adonique: cf. L. Adonius.]

Defn: Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty.
 — n.

Defn: An Adonic verse. Adonic verse, a verse consisting of a dactyl and spondee.

ADONIS
A*do"nis, n. Etym: [L., gr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A youth beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a wild boar.

2. A preëminently beautiful young man; a dandy.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the family Ranunculaceæ, containing the pheasaut's eye (Adonis autumnalis); — named from Adonis, whose blood was fabled to have stained the flower.

ADONIST
A*do"nist, n. Etym: [Heb. my Lords.]

Defn: One who maintains that points of the Hebrew word translated
"Jehovah" are really the vowel points of the word "Adonai." See
Jehovist.

ADONIZE
Ad"o*nize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. adoniser, fr. Adonis.]

Defn: To beautify; to dandify. I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and adonozing myself. Smollett.

ADOOR; ADOORS
A*door, A*doors,

Defn: At the door; of the door; as, out adoors. Shak.
I took him in adoors. Vicar's Virgil (1630).

ADOPT
A*dopt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adopted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adopting.]
Etym: [L. adoptare; ad + optare to choose, desire: cf. F. adopter.
See Option.]

1. To take by choice into relationship, as, child, heir, friend, citizen, etc. ; esp. to take voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or as, one's own child.

2. To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally; to select and take or approve; as, to adopt the view or policy of another; these resolutions were adopted.

ADOPTABLE
A*dopt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being adopted.

ADOPTED
A*dopt"ed, a.

Defn: Taken by adoption; taken up as one's own; as, an adopted son, citizen, country, word. — A*dopt"ed*ly, adv.

ADOPTER
A*dopt"er, n.

1. One who adopts.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A receiver, with two necks, opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose openings have different diameters. [Written also adapter.]

ADOPTION A*dop"tion, n. Etym: [L. adoptio, allied to adoptare to adopt: cf. F. adoption.]

1. The act of adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be the same as one's own child.

2. Admission to a more intimate relation; reception; as, the adoption of persons into hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into another.

3. The choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was not so; acceptance; as, the adoption of opinions. Jer. Taylor.

ADOPTIONIST
A*dop"tion*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of God not by nature but by adoption.

ADOPTIOUS
A*dop"tious, a.

Defn: Adopted. [Obs.]

ADOPTIVE
A*dopt"ive, a. Etym: [L. adoptivus: cf. F. adoptif.]

Defn: Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted to adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an adoptive language. — A*dopt"ive*ly, adv.

ADORABILITY
A*dor`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Adorableness.

ADORABLE
A*dor"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. adorabilis, fr. adorare: cf. F. adorable.]

1. Deserving to be adored; worthy of divine honors. The adorable Author of Christianity. Cheyne.

2. Worthy of the utmost love or respect.

ADORABLENESS
A*dor"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration. Johnson.

ADORABLY
A*dor"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an adorable manner.

ADORATION
Ad`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. adoratio, fr. adorare: cf. F. adoration.]

1. The act of playing honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god. The more immediate objects of popular adoration amongst the heathens were deified human beings. Farmer.

2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion.

3. A method of electing a pope by the expression of homage from two thirds of the conclave. [Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by adoration. Froude.

ADORE A*dore", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adored; p. pr. & vb. n. Adoring.] Etym: [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French prefix a- being confused with OE. a, an, on. See Oral.]

1. To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James adored. Smollett.

2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem
and affection; to idolize.
The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and adored Montouth.
Macaulay.

ADORE
A*dore", v. t.

Defn: To adorn. [Obs.]
Congealed little drops which do the morn adore. Spenser.

ADOREMENT
A*dore"ment, n.

Defn: The act of adoring; adoration. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ADORER
A*dor"er, n.

Defn: One who adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent admirer. "An adorer of truth." Clarendon. I profess myself her adorer, not her friend. Shak.

ADORINGLY
A*dor"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With adoration.

ADORN
A*dorn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adorned; p. pr. & vb. n. Adorning.]
Etym: [OE. aournen, anournen, adornen, OF. aorner, fr. L. aaornare;
ad + ornare to furnish, embellish. See Adore, Ornate.]

Defn: To deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to advantage; to render pleasing or attractive. As a bride adorneth herself with her jewels. Isa. lxi. 10. At church, with meek and unaffected grace, His looks adorned the venerable place. Goldsmith.

Syn. — To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace; dignify; exalt; honor. — To Adorn, Ornament, Decorate, Embellish. We decorate and ornament by putting on some adjunct which is attractive or beautiful, and which serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head- dress may be ornament or decorated with flowers or jewelry; a hall may be decorated or ornament with carving or gilding, with wreaths of flowers, or with hangings. Ornament is used in a wider sense than decorate. To embellish is to beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes means gaudy and artificial decoration. We embellish a book with rich engravings; a style is embellished with rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper embellishes his front window to attract attention. Adorn is sometimes identical with decorate, as when we say, a lady was adorned with jewels. In other cases, it seems to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings as adorned with the works of some of the great masters, or adorned with noble statuary and columns. Here decorated and ornamented would hardly be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond mere show and ornament. Adorn may be used of what is purely moral; as, a character adorned with every Christian grace. Here neither decorate, nor ornament, nor embellish is proper.

ADORN
A*dorn", n.

Defn: Adornment. [Obs.] Spenser.

ADORN
A*dorn", a.

Defn: Adorned; decorated. [Obs.] Milton.

ADORNATION
Ad`or*na"tion, n.

Defn: Adornment. [Obs.]

ADORNER
A*dorn"er, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, adorns; a beautifier.

ADORNINGLY
A*dorn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By adorning; decoratively.

ADORNMENT
A*dorn"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. adornement. See Adorn.]

Defn: An adorning; an ornament; a decoration.

ADOSCULATION
Ad*os"cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. adosculari, adosculatum, to kiss. See
Osculate.] (Biol.)

Defn: Impregnation by external contact, without intromission.

ADOWN A*down", adv. Etym: [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]

Defn: From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [Archaic] "Thrice did she sink adown." Spenser.

ADOWN
A*down", prep.

Defn: Down. [Archaic & Poetic]
Her hair adown her shoulders loosely lay displayed. Prior.

ADPRESS
Ad*press", v. t. Etym: [L. adpressus, p. p. of adprimere.]

Defn: See Appressed.
 — Ad*pressed",, a.

ADRAD
A*drad", p. a. Etym: [P. p. of adread.]

Defn: Put in dread; afraid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ADRAGANT
Ad"ra*gant, n. Etym: [F., a corruption of tragacanth.]

Defn: Gum tragacanth. Brande & C.

ADREAD A*dread", v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. andrædan, ondræ; pref. a- (for and against) + dræden to dread. See Dread.]

Defn: To dread. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ADREAMED
A*dreamed", p. p.

Defn: Visited by a dream; — used in the phrase, To be adreamed, to dream. [Obs.]

ADRENAL
Ad*re"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. ad- + renal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Suprarenal.

ADRENALINE; ADRENALIN
Ad*re"nal*ine, n. Also Ad*re"nal*in. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance, C9H13O3N, obtained from suprarenal extract, of which it is regarded as the active principle. It is used in medicine as a stimulant and hemostatic.

ADRIAN
A"dri*an, a. Etym: [L. Hadrianus.]

Defn: Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; as, Adrian billows.

ADRIATIC
A`dri*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. Adriaticus, Hadriaticus, fr. Adria or
Hadria, a town of the Veneti.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.

ADRIFT
A*drift", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- (for on) + drift.]

Defn: Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of
wind and waves. Also fig.
So on the sea shall be set adrift. Dryden.
Were from their daily labor turned adrift. Wordsworth.

ADRIP
A*drip", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- in + drip.]

Defn: In a dripping state; as, leaves all adrip. D. G. Mitchell.

ADROGATE
Ad"ro*gate, v. t. Etym: [See Arrogate.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: To adopt (a person who is his own master).

ADROGATION
Ad`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. adrogatio, arrogatio, fr. adrogare. See
Arrogate.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See Arrogation.

ADROIT
A*droit", a. Etym: [F. adroit; à (L. ad) = droit straight, right, fr.
L. directus, p. p. of dirigere. See Direct.]

Defn: Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution; — applied to persons and to acts; as, an adroit mechanic, an adroit reply. "Adroit in the application of the telescope and quadrant." Horsley. "He was adroit in intrigue." Macaulay.

Syn. — Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft; ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.

ADROITLY
A*droit"ly, adv.

Defn: In an adroit manner.

ADROITNESS
A*droit"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.
Adroitness was as requisite as courage. Motley.

Syn.
 — See Skill.

ADRY
A*dry", a. Etym: [Pref. a- (for on) + dry.]

Defn: In a dry or thirsty condition. "A man that is adry." Burton.

ADSCITITIOUS Ad`sci*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. adscitus, p. p. of adsciscere, asciscere, to take knowingly; ad + sciscere to seek to know, approve, scire to know.]

Defn: Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious.
"Adscititious evidence." Bowring.
 — Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly, adv.

ADSCRIPT
Ad"script, a. Etym: [L. adscriptus, p. p. of adscribere to enroll.
See Ascribe.]

Defn: Held to service as attached to the soil; — said of feudal serfs.

ADSCRIPT
Ad"script, n.

Defn: One held to service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf. Bancroft.

ADSCRIPTIVE
Ad*scrip"tive, a.Etym: [L. adscriptivus. See Adscript.]

Defn: Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable with it. Brougham.

ADSIGNIFICATION
Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Additional signification. [R.] Tooke.

ADSIGNIFY
Ad*sig"ni*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. adsignificare to show.]

Defn: To denote additionally. [R.] Tooke.

ADSTRICT
Ad*strict", v. t.
 — Ad*stric"tion, n.

Defn: See Astrict, and Astriction.

ADSTRICTORY
Ad*stric"to*ry, a.

Defn: See Astrictory.

ADSTRINGENT
Ad*strin"gent, a.

Defn: See Astringent.

ADSUKI BEAN
Ad*su"ki bean. [Jap. adzuki.]

Defn: A cultivated variety of the Asiatic gram, now introduced into the United States.

ADULARIA Ad`u*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [From Adula, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine specimens are found.] (Min.)

Defn: A transparent or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which often shows pearly opalescent reflections; — called by lapidaries moonstone.

ADULATE
Ad"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. adulatus, p. p. of adulari.]

Defn: To flatter in a servile way. Byron.

ADULATION Ad`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. adulation, fr. L. adulatio, fr. adulari, adulatum, to flatter.]

Defn: Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited. Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out With titles blown from adulation Shak.

Syn. — Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness; blandishment. — Adulation, Flattery, Compliment. Men deal in compliments from a desire to please; they use flattery either from undue admiration, or a wish to gratify vanity; they practice adulation from sordid motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy. Compliment may be a sincere expression of due respect and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; flattery is apt to become gross; adulation is always servile, and usually fulsome.

ADULATOR
Ad"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. adulari: cf. F. adulateur.]

Defn: A servile or hypocritical flatterer. Carlyle.

ADULATORY Ad"u*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. adulatorius, fr. adulari: cf. OF. adulatoire.]

Defn: Containing excessive praise or compliment; servilely praising; flattering; as, an adulatory address. A mere rant of adulatory freedom. Burke.

ADULATRESS
Ad"u*la`tress, n.

Defn: A woman who flatters with servility.

ADULT A*dult", a. Etym: [L. adultus, p. p. of adolescere, akin to alere to nourish: cf. F. adulte. See Adolescent, Old.]

Defn: Having arrived at maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; as, an adult person or plant; an adult ape; an adult age.

ADULT
A*dult", n.

Defn: A person, animal, or plant grown to full size and strength; one who has reached maturity.

Note: In the common law, the term is applied to a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the civil law, to males after the age of fourteen, and to females after twelve.

ADULTER
A*dul"ter, v. i. Etym: [L. adulterare.]

Defn: To commit adultery; to pollute. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ADULTERANT
A*dul"ter*ant, n. Etym: [L. adulterans, p. pr. of adulterare.]

Defn: That which is used to adulterate anything.
 — a. Adulterating; as, adulterant agents and processes.

ADULTERATE A*dul"ter*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adulterated; p. pr. & vb. n Adulterating.] Etym: [L. adulteratus, p. p. of adulterare, fr. adulter adulterer, prob. fr. ad + alter other, properly one who approaches another on account of unlawful love. Cf. Advoutry.]

1. To defile by adultery. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; as, to adulterate food, drink, drugs, coin, etc. The present war has . . . adulterated our tongue with strange words. Spectator.

Syn.
 — To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate; sophisticate.

ADULTERATE
A*dul"ter*ate, v. i.

Defn: To commit adultery. [Obs.]

ADULTERATE
A*dul"ter*ate, a.

1. Tainted with adultery.

2. Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance; adulterated;
spurious.
 — A*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv.
 — A*dul"ter*ate*ness, n.

ADULTERATION
A*dul`ter*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. adulteratio.]

1. The act of adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink) by foreign mixture. The shameless adulteration of the coin. Prescott.

2. An adulterated state or product.

ADULTERATOR
A*dul"ter*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who adulterates or corrupts. [R.] Cudworth.

ADULTERER A*dul"ter*er, n. Etym: [Formed fr. the verb adulter, with the E. ending -er. See Advoutrer.]

1. A man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual intercourse with a woman not his wife.

2. (Script.)

Defn: A man who violates his religious covenant. Jer. ix. 2.

ADULTERESS
A*dul"ter*ess, n. Etym: [Fem. from L. adulter. Cf. Advoutress.]

1. A woman who commits adultery.

2. (Script.)

Defn: A woman who violates her religious engagements. James iv. 4.

ADULTERINE
A*dul"ter*ine, a.Etym: [L. adulterinus, fr. adulter.]

Defn: Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious; without the support of law; illegal. When any particular class of artificers or traders thought proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were called adulterine guilds. Adam Smith.

ADULTERINE
A*dul"ter*ine, n.

Defn: An illegitimate child. [R.]

ADULTERIZE
A*dul"ter*ize, v. i.

Defn: To commit adultery. Milton.

ADULTEROUS
A*dul"ter*ous, a.

1. Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery; illicit. Dryden.

2. Characterized by adulteration; spurious. "An adulterous mixture." [Obs.] Smollett.

ADULTEROUSLY
A*dul"ter*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adulterous manner.

ADULTERY
A*dul"ter*y, n.; pl. Adulteries(#). Etym: [L. adulterium. See
Advoutry.]

1. The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed; sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife, or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another than her husband.

Note: It is adultery on the part of the married wrongdoer. The word has also been used to characterize the act of an unmarried participator, the other being married. In the United States the definition varies with the local statutes. Unlawful intercourse between two married persons is sometimes called double adultery; between a married and an unmarried person, single adultery.

2. Adulteration; corruption. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Script.) (a) Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh commandment. (b) Faithlessness in religion. Jer. iii. 9.

4. (Old Law)

Defn: The fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery.

5. (Eccl.)

Defn: The intrusion of a person into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.

6. Injury; degradation; ruin. [Obs.] You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the adultery and spoil of nature. B. Jonson.

ADULTNESS
A*dult"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being adult.

ADUMBRANT
Ad*um"brant, a. Etym: [L. adumbrans, p. pr. of adumbrare.]

Defn: Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing forth.

ADUMBRATE Ad*um"brate, v. t. Etym: [L. adumbratus, p. p. of adumbrare; ad + umbrare to shade; umbra shadow.]

1. To give a faint shadow or slight representation of; to outline; to shadow forth. Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe the invisible God is adumbrated. L. Taylor.

2. To overshadow; to shade.

ADUMBRATION
Ad`um*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. adumbratio.]

1. The act of adumbrating, or shadowing forth.

2. A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect portrayal or representation of a thing. Elegant adumbrations of sacred truth. Bp. Horsley.

3. (Her.)

Defn: The shadow or outlines of a figure.

ADUMBRATIVE
Ad*um"bra*tive, a.

Defn: Faintly representing; typical. Carlyle.

ADUNATION
Ad`u*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. adunatio; ad + unus one.]

Defn: A uniting; union. Jer. Taylor.

ADUNC; ADUNQUE
A*dunc", A*dunque", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Hooked; as, a parrot has an adunc bill.

ADUNCITY
A*dun"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. aduncitas. See Aduncous.]

Defn: Curvature inwards; hookedness.
The aduncity of the beaks of hawks. Pope.

ADUNCOUS
A*dun"cous, a. Etym: [L. aduncus; ad + uncus hooked, hook.]

Defn: Curved inwards; hooked.

ADURE
A*dure", v. t. Etym: [L. adurere; ad + urere to burn.]

Defn: To burn up. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADUROL
Ad"u*rol, n. (Photog.)

Defn: Either of two compounds, a chlorine derivative and bromine derivative, of hydroquinone, used as developers.

ADUST
A*dust", a. Etym: [L. adustus, p. p. of adurere: cf. F. aduste.]

1. Inflamed or scorched; fiery. "The Libyan air adust." Milton.

2. Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt. A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion. Sir W. Scott.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Having much heat in the constitution and little serum in the blood. [Obs.] Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.

ADUSTED
A*dust"ed, a.

Defn: Burnt; adust. [Obs.] Howell.

ADUSTIBLE
A*dust"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be burnt. [Obs.]

ADUSTION A*dus"tion, n. Etym: [L. adustio, fr. adurere, adustum: cf. F. adustion.]

1. The act of burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or dried. [Obs.] Harvey.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: Cauterization. Buchanan.

AD VALOREM
Ad va*lo"rem. Etym: [L., according to the value.] (Com.)

Defn: A term used to denote a duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon their value, as stated in their invoice, - - in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number; as, an ad valorem duty of twenty per cent.

ADVANCE Ad*vance", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advanced; p. pr. & vb. n. Advancing(#).] Etym: [OE. avancen, avauncen, F. avancer, fr. a supposed LL. abantiare; ab + ante (F. avant) before. The spelling with d was a mistake, a- being supposed to be fr. L. ad. See Avaunt.]

1. To bring forward; to move towards the van or front; to make to go on.

2. To raise; to elevate. [Archaic] They . . . advanced their eyelids. Shak.

3. To raise to a higher rank; to promote. Ahasueres . . . advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes. Esther iii. 1.

4. To accelerate the growth or progress; to further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; as, to advance the ripening of fruit; to advance one's interests.

5. To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose; to show; as, to advance an argument. Some ne'er advance a judgment of their own. Pope.

6. To make earlier, as an event or date; to hasten.

7. To furnish, as money or other value, before it becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand; as, a merchant advances money on a contract or on goods consigned to him.

8. To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise in rate; as, to advance the price of goods.

9. To extol; to laud. [Obs.] Greatly advancing his gay chivalry. Spenser.

Syn. — To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve; heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.

ADVANCE
Ad*vance", v. i.

1. To move or go forward; to proceed; as, he advanced to greet me.

2. To increase or make progress in any respect; as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in years, in price.

3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred or promoted. Advanced to a level with ancient peers. Prescott.

ADVANCE
Ad*vance", n. Etym: [Cf. F. avance, fr. avancer. See Advance, v.]

1. The act of advancing or moving forward or upward; progress.

2. Improvement or progression, physically, mentally, morally, or socially; as, an advance in health, knowledge, or religion; an advance in rank or office.

3. An addition to the price; rise in price or value; as, an advance on the prime cost of goods.

4. The first step towards the attainment of a result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; — usually in the plural. [He] made the like advances to the dissenters. Swift.

5. A furnishing of something before an equivalent is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished; money or value supplied beforehand. I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary advances. Jay. The account was made up with intent to show what advances had been made. Kent. In advance (a) In front; before. (b) Beforehand; before an equivalent is received. (c) In the state of having advanced money on account; as, A is advance to B a thousand dollars or pounds.

ADVANCE
Ad*vance", a.

Defn: Before in place, or beforehand in time; — used for advanced; as, an advance guard, or that before the main guard or body of an army; advance payment, or that made before it is due; advance proofs, advance sheets, pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of publication.

ADVANCED
Ad*vanced", a.

1. In the van or front.

2. In the front or before others, as regards progress or ideas; as, advanced opinions, advanced thinkers.

3. Far on in life or time. A gentleman advanced in years, with a hard experience written in his wrinkles. Hawthorne. Advanced guard, a detachment of troops which precedes the march of the main body.

ADVANCEMENT Ad*vance"ment, n. Etym: [OE. avancement, F. avancement. See Advance, v. t.]

1. The act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression; improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity; as, the advancement of learning. In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other) rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's advancement. Sir T. More. True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint advancement of the virtue and happiness of the people. Horsley.

2. An advance of money or value; payment in advance. See Advance, 5.

3. (Law)

Defn: Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.

4. Settlement on a wife, or jointure. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADVANCER
Ad*van"cer, n.

1. One who advances; a promoter.

2. A second branch of a buck's antler. Howell.

ADVANCING EDGE
Ad*van"cing edge. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The front edge (in direction of motion) of a supporting surface; — contr. with following edge, which is the rear edge.

ADVANCING SURFACE
Ad*van"cing sur"face. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The first of two or more surfaces arranged in tandem; — contr. with following surface, which is the rear surface.

ADVANCIVE
Ad*van"cive, a.

Defn: Tending to advance. [R.]

ADVANTAGE Ad*van"tage, n. Etym: [OE. avantage, avauntage, F. avantage, fr. avant before. See Advance, and cf. Vantage.]

1. Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means, particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end; benefit; as, the enemy had the advantage of a more elevated position. Give me advantage of some brief discourse. Shak. The advantages of a close alliance. Macaulay.

2. Superiority; mastery; — with of or over. Lest Satan should get an advantage of us. 2 Cor. ii. 11.

3. Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain; profit; as, the advantage of a good constitution.

4. Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the thirteenth in the baker's dozen). [Obs.] And with advantage means to pay thy love. Shak. Advantage ground, vantage ground. [R.] Clarendon. — To have the advantage of (any one), to have a personal knowledge of one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge. "You have the advantage of me; I don't remember ever to have had the honor." Sheridan. — To take advantage of, to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to overreach, to outwit.

Syn. — Advantage, Advantageous, Benefit, Beneficial. We speak of a thing as a benefit, or as beneficial, when it is simply productive of good; as, the benefits of early discipline; the beneficial effects of adversity. We speak of a thing as an advantage, or as advantageous, when it affords us the means of getting forward, and places us on a "vantage ground" for further effort. Hence, there is a difference between the benefits and the advantages of early education; between a beneficial and an advantageous investment of money.

ADVANTAGE
Ad*van"tage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advantaged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Advantaging.] Etym: [F. avantager, fr. avantage. See Advance.]

Defn: To give an advantage to; to further; to promote; to benefit; to
profit.
The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to comply
with the court designs, advantaged his adversaries against him.
Fuller.
What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose
himself, or be cast away Luke ix. 25.
To advantage one's self of, to avail one's self of. [Obs.]

ADVANTAGEABLE
Ad*van"tage*a*ble, a.

Defn: Advantageous. [Obs.]

ADVANTAGEOUS
Ad`van*ta"geous, a. Etym: [F. avantageux, fr. avantage.]

Defn: Being of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; as, an advantageous position; trade is advantageous to a nation. Advabtageous comparison with any other country. Prescott. You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift and advantageous a harbinger it is, wherever one goes. Chesterfield.

ADVANTAGEOUSLY
Ad`van*ta"geous*ly, adv.

Defn: Profitably; with advantage.

ADVANTAGEOUSNESS
Ad`van*ta"geous*ness, n.

Defn: Profitableness.

ADVENE Ad*vene", v. i. Etym: [L. advenire; ad + venire to come: cf. F. avenir, advenir. See Come.]

Defn: To accede, or come (to); to be added to something or become a part of it, though not essential. [R.] Where no act of the will advenes as a coefficient. Coleridge.

ADVENIENT
Ad*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. adviens, p. pr.]

Defn: Coming from outward causes; superadded. [Obs.]

ADVENT
Ad`vent, n. Etym: [L. adventus, fr. advenire, adventum: cf. F. avent.
See Advene.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: The period including the four Sundays before Christmas. Advent
Sunday (Eccl.), the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being
always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30).
Shipley.

2. The first or the expected second coming of Christ.

3. Coming; any important arrival; approach. Death's dreadful advent. Young. Expecting still his advent home. Tennyson.

ADVENTIST
Ad"vent*ist, n.

Defn: One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the proximate personal coming of Christ; — called also Second Adventists. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

ADVENTITIOUS
Ad`ven*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. adventitius.]

1. Added extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal; additional; supervenient; foreign. To things of great dimensions, if we annex an adventitious idea of terror, they become without comparison greater. Burke.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Out of the proper or usual place; as, adventitious buds or roots.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Accidentally or sparingly spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized; adventive; — applied to foreign plants.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Acquired, as diseases; accidental.
 — Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly, adv.
 — Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness, n.

ADVENTIVE
Ad*ven"tive, a.

1. Accidental.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Adventitious. Gray.

ADVENTIVE
Ad*ven"tive, n.

Defn: A thing or person coming from without; an immigrant. [R.]
Bacon.

ADVENTUAL
Ad*ven"tu*al, a.

Defn: Relating to the season of advent. Sanderson.

ADVENTURE
Ad*ven"ture, n. Etym: [OE. aventure, aunter, anter, F. aventure, fr.
LL. adventura, fr. L. advenire, adventum, to arrive, which in the
Romance languages took the sense of "to happen, befall." See Advene.]

1. That which happens without design; chance; hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss. Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at all adventures, be fastened upon him individually. Milton.

2. Risk; danger; peril. [Obs.] He was in great adventure of his life. Berners.

3. The encountering of risks; hazardous and striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a daring feat. He loved excitement and adventure. Macaulay.

4. A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a stirring incident; as, the adventures of one's life. Bacon.

5. A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own account. A bill of adventure (Com.), a writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's risk.

Syn.
 — Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.

ADVENTURE
Ad*ven"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adventured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adventuring.] Etym: [OE. aventuren, auntren, F. aventurer, fr.
aventure. See Adventure, n.]

1. To risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture. He would not adventure himself into the theater. Acts xix. 31.

2. To venture upon; to run the risk of; to dare. Yet they adventured to go back. Bunyan, Discriminations might be adventured. J. Taylor.

ADVENTURE
Ad*ven"ture, v. i.

Defn: To try the chance; to take the risk.
I would adventure for such merchandise. Shak.

ADVENTUREFUL
Ad*ven"ture*ful, a.

Defn: Given to adventure.

ADVENTURER
Ad*ven"tur*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aventurier.]

1. One who adventures; as, the merchant adventurers; one who seeks his fortune in new and hazardous or perilous enterprises.

2. A social pretender on the lookout for advancement.

ADVENTURESOME
Ad*ven"ture*some, a.

Defn: Full of risk; adventurous; venturesome.
 — Ad*ven"ture*some*ness, n.

ADVENTURESS
Ad*ven"tur*ess, n.

Defn: A female adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal means.

ADVENTUROUS
Ad*ven"tur*ous, a. Etym: [OE. aventurous, aunterous, OF. aventuros,
F. aventureux, fr. aventure. See Adventure, n.]

1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard; prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; — applied to persons. Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.

2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; rash; — applied to acts; as, an adventurous undertaking, deed, song.

Syn. — Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring; hazardous; venturesome. See Rash.

ADVENTUROUSLY
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.

ADVENTUROUSNESS
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.

ADVERB Ad"verb, n. Etym: [L. adverbium; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F. adverbe.] (Gram.)

Defn: A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well; paper extremely white.

ADVERBIAL
Ad*ver"bi*al, a. Etym: [L. adverbialis: cf. F. adverbial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb; as, an adverbial phrase or form.

ADVERBIALITY
Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being adverbial. Earle.

ADVERBIALIZE
Ad*ver"bi*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To give the force or form of an adverb to.

ADVERBIALLY
Ad*ver"bi*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an adverb.

ADVERSARIA Ad`ver*sa"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. adversaria (sc. scripta), neut. pl. of adversarius.]

Defn: A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a
commonplace book; also, commentaries or notes.
These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's adversaria. Bp.
Bull.

ADVERSARIOUS
Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Hostile. [R.] Southey.

ADVERSARY Ad`ver*sa*ry, n.; pl. Adversaries. Etym: [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.]

Defn: One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose

or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. Shak. Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25. It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to dispute without an adversary. Beattie. The Adversary, The Satan, or the Devil.

Syn. — Adversary, Enemy, Opponent, Antagonist. Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be adversaries, antagonists, or opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps passively) on the opposing side; as a political opponent, an opponent in debate. An antagonist is one who struggles against another with active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate.

ADVERSARY
Ad"ver*sa*ry, a.

1. Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic. [Archaic] Bp. King.

2. (Law)

Defn: Having an opposing party; not unopposed; as, an adversary suit.

ADVERSATIVE
Ad*ver"sa*tive, a. Etym: [L. adversativus, fr. adversari.]

Defn: Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as, an
adversative conjunction (but, however, yet, etc. ); an adversative
force.
 — Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly, adv.

ADVERSATIVE
Ad*ver"sa*tive, n.

Defn: An adversative word. Harris.

ADVERSE Ad"verse, a. Etym: [OE. advers, OF. avers, advers, fr. L. adversus, p. p. advertere to turn to. See Advert.]

1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction; opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit adverse to distinctions of caste.

2. Opposite. "Calpe's adverse height." Byron.

3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable; unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; hurtful; as, adverse fates, adverse circumstances, things adverse. Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as we endure an adverse fortune. Southey. Adverse possession (Law), a possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of title in another person. Abbott.

Syn.
 — Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See Averse.

ADVERSE
Ad*verse", v. t. Etym: [L. adversari: cf. OF. averser.]

Defn: To oppose; to resist. [Obs.] Gower.

ADVERSELY
Ad"verse*ly (277), adv.

Defn: In an adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.

ADVERSENESS
Ad"verse*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being adverse; opposition.

ADVERSIFOLIATE; ADVERSIFOLIOUS Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ate, Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ous a. Etym: [L. adver + folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so arranged on the stem.

ADVERSION
Ad*ver"sion, n.Etym: [L. adversio]

Defn: A turning towards; attention. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ADVERSITY Ad*ver"si*ty, n.; pl. Adversities(#). Etym: [OE. adversite, F. adversité, fr. L. adversitas.]

1. Opposition; contrariety. [Obs.] Wyclif. Adversity is not without comforts and hopes. Bacon.

Syn. — Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble; suffering; trial.

ADVERT
Ad*vert", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adverting.]
Etym: [L. advertere, v. t., to turn to; ad + vertere to turn: cf. F.
avertir. See Advertise.]

Defn: To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice; — with to; as, he adverted to what was said. I may again advert to the distinction. Owen.

Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See Refer.

ADVERTENCE; ADVERTENCY Ad*vert"ence, Ad*vert"en*cy,Etym: [OF. advertence, avertence, LL. advertentia, fr. L. advertens. See Advertent.]

Defn: The act of adverting, of the quality of being advertent; attention; notice; regard; heedfulness. To this difference it is right that advertence should be had in regulating taxation. J. S. Mill.

ADVERTENT
Ad*vert"ent, a. Etym: [L. advertens, -entis, p. pr. of advertere. See
Advert.]

Defn: Attentive; heedful; regardful. Sir M. Hale.
 — Ad*vert"ent*ly, adv.

ADVERTISE Ad`ver*tise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advertised; p. pr. & vb. n. Advertising.] Etym: [F. avertir, formerly also spelt advertir, to warn, give notice to, L. advertere to turn to. The ending was probably influenced by the noun advertisement. See Advert.]

Defn: To give notice to; to inform or apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; — often followed by of before the subject of information; as, to advertise a man of his loss. [Archaic] I will advertise thee what this people shall do. Num. xxiv. 14.

4. To give public notice of; to announce publicly, esp. by a printed notice; as, to advertise goods for sale, a lost article, the sailing day of a vessel, a political meeting.

Syn. — To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce; proclaim; promulgate; publish.

ADVERTISEMENT Ad*ver"tise*ment, n. Etym: [F.avertisement, formerly also spelled advertissement, a warning, giving notice, fr. avertir.]

1. The act of informing or notifying; notification. [Archaic] An advertisement of danger. Bp. Burnet.

2. Admonition; advice; warning. [Obs.] Therefore give me no counsel: My griefs cry louder than advertisement. Shak.

3. A public notice, especially a paid notice in some public print; anything that advertises; as, a newspaper containing many advertisement.

ADVERTISER
Ad`ver*tis"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, advertises.

ADVICE Ad*vice", n. Etym: [OE. avis, F. avis; + OF. vis, fr. L. visum seemed, seen; really p. p. of videre to see, so that vis meant that which has seemed best. See Vision, and cf. Avise, Advise.]

1. An opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed; counsel. We may give advice, but we can not give conduct. Franklin.

2. Deliberate consideration; knowledge. [Obs.] How shall I dote on her with more advice, That thus without advice begin to love her Shak.

3. Information or notice given; intelligence; as, late advices from France; — commonly in the plural.

Note: In commercial language, advice usually means information communicated by letter; — used chiefly in reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of advice. McElrath.

4. (Crim. Law)

Defn: Counseling to perform a specific illegal act. Wharton. Advice boat, a vessel employed to carry dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat. — To take advice. (a) To accept advice. (b) To consult with another or others.

Syn. — Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition; exhortation; information; notice.

ADVISABILITY
Ad*vis`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being advisable; advisableness.

ADVISABLE
Ad*vis"a*ble, a.

1. Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient; prudent. Some judge it advisable for a man to account with his heart every day. South.

2. Ready to receive advice. [R.] South.

Syn.
 — Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.

ADVISABLE-NESS
Ad*vis"a*ble-ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being advisable or expedient; expediency; advisability.

ADVISABLY
Ad*vis"a*bly, adv.

Defn: With advice; wisely.

ADVISE
Ad*vise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advised; p. pr. & vb. n. Advising.]
Etym: [OE. avisen to perceive, consider, inform, F. aviser, fr. LL.
advisare. advisare; ad + visare, fr. L. videre, visum, to see. See
Advice, and cf. Avise.]

1. To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed; to counsel; to warn. "I shall no more advise thee." Milton.

2. To give information or notice to; to inform; — with of before the thing communicated; as, we were advised of the risk. To advise one's self, to bethink one's self; to take counsel with one's self; to reflect; to consider. [Obs.] Bid thy master well advise himself. Shak.

Syn.
 — To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint.

ADVISE
Ad*vise", v. t.

1. To consider; to deliberate. [Obs.] Advise if this be worth attempting. Milton.

2. To take counsel; to consult; — followed by with; as, to advise with friends.

ADVISEDLY
Ad*vis"ed*ly, adv.

1. Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely. [Obs.] Shak.

2. With deliberate purpose; purposely; by design. "Advisedly undertaken." Suckling.

ADVISEDNESS
Ad*vis"ed*ness n.

Defn: Deliberate consideration; prudent procedure; caution.

ADVISEMENT
Ad*vise"ment, n. Etym: [OE. avisement, F. avisement, fr. aviser. See
Advise, and cf. Avisement.]

1. Counsel; advise; information. [Archaic] And mused awhile, waking advisement takes of what had passed in sleep. Daniel.

2. Consideration; deliberation; consultation. Tempering the passion with advisement slow. Spenser.

ADVISER
Ad*vis"er, n.

Defn: One who advises.

ADVISERSHIP
Ad*vis"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an adviser. [R.]

ADVISO
Ad*vi"so, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. aviso. See Advice.]

Defn: Advice; counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ADVISORY
Ad*vi"so*ry, a.

Defn: Having power to advise; containing advice; as, an advisory council; their opinion is merely advisory. The General Association has a general advisory superintendence over all the ministers and churches. Trumbull.

ADVOCACY
Ad"vo*ca*cy, n. Etym: [OF. advocatie, LL. advocatia. See Advocate.]

Defn: The act of pleading for or supporting; work of advocating; intercession.

ADVOCATE Ad"vo*cate, n. Etym: [OE. avocat, avocet, OF. avocat, fr. L. advocatus, one summoned or called to another; properly the p. p. of advocare to call to, call to one's aid; ad + vocare to call. See Advowee, Avowee, Vocal.]

1. One who pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a counselor.

Note: In the English and American Law, advocate is the same as "counsel," "counselor," or "barrister." In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the term signifies the same as "counsel" at the common law.

2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any cause by argument; a pleader; as, an advocate of free trade, an advocate of truth.

3. Christ, considered as an intercessor.
We have an Advocate with the Father. 1 John ii. 1.
Faculty of advocates (Scot.), the Scottish bar in Edinburgh.
 — Lord advocate (Scot.), the public prosecutor of crimes, and
principal crown lawyer.
 — Judge advocate. See under Judge.

ADVOCATE
Ad"vo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Advocating.] Etym: [See Advocate, n., Advoke, Avow.]

Defn: To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal
or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.
To advocate the cause of thy client. Bp. Sanderson (1624).
This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been
advocated. Burke.
Eminent orators were engaged to advocate his cause. Mitford.

ADVOCATE
Ad"vo*cate, v. i.

Defn: To act as advocate. [Obs.] Fuller.

ADVOCATESHIP
Ad"vo*cate*ship, n.

Defn: Office or duty of an advocate.

ADVOCATION
Ad`vo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. advocatio: cf. OF. avocation. See
Advowson.]

1. The act of advocating or pleading; plea; advocacy. [Archaic] The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual advocation for us. Jer. Taylor.

2. Advowson. [Obs.] The donations or advocations of church livings. Sanderson.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: The process of removing a cause from an inferior court to the supreme court. Bell.

ADVOCATORY
Ad"vo*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an advocate. [R.]

ADVOKE
Ad*voke", v. t. Etym: [L. advocare. See Advocate.]

Defn: To summon; to call. [Obs.] Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to advoke the cause to Rome. Fuller.

ADVOLUTION
Ad`vo*lu"tion, n. Etym: [L. advolvere, advolutum, to roll to.]

Defn: A rolling toward something. [R.]

ADVOUTRER
Ad*vou"trer, n. Etym: [OF. avoutre, avoltre, fr. L. adulter. Cf.
Adulterer.]

Defn: An adulterer. [Obs.]

ADVOUTRESS
Ad*vou"tress, n.

Defn: An adulteress. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADVOUTRY; ADVOWTRY
Ad*vou"try, Ad*vow"try, n. Etym: [OE. avoutrie, avouterie, advoutrie,
OF. avoutrie, avulterie, fr. L. adulterium. Cf. Adultery.]

Defn: Adultery. [Obs.] Bacon.

ADVOWEE
Ad*vow*ee", n. Etym: [OE. avowe, F. avoué, fr. L. advocatus. See
Advocate, Avowee, Avoyer.]

Defn: One who has an advowson. Cowell.

ADVOWSON
Ad*vow"son, n. Etym: [OE. avoweisoun, OF. avoëson, fr. L. advocatio.
Cf. Advocation.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron (advocatus) or protector of a benefice, and thus privileged to nominate or present to it.]

Note: The benefices of the Church of England are in every case subjects of presentation. They are nearly 12,000 in number; the advowson of more than half of them belongs to private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops, deans and chapters, universities, and colleges. Amer. Cyc.

ADVOYER
Ad*voy"er, n.

Defn: See Avoyer. [Obs.]

ADWARD
Ad*ward", n.

Defn: Award. [Obs.] Spenser.

ADYNAMIA
Ad`y*na"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL. adynamia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Considerable debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever.
Dunglison.

ADYNAMIC
Ad`y*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. adynamique. See Adynamy.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, debility of the vital powers; weak.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Characterized by the absence of power or force. Adynamic fevers, malignant or putrid fevers attended with great muscular debility.

ADYNAMY
A*dyn"a*my, n.

Defn: Adynamia. [R.] Morin.

ADYTUM
Ad"y*tum, n. Adyta. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: The innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.

ADZ
Adz, v. t.

Defn: To cut with an adz. [R.] Carlyle.

ADZ; ADZE Adz, Adze, n. Etym: [OE. adese, adis, adse, AS. adesa, adese, ax, hatchet.]

Defn: A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.

AE
Æ or Ae.

Defn: A diphthong in the Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. æ was generally replaced by a, the long e or ee. In derivatives from Latin words with ae, it is mostly superseded by e. For most words found with this initial combination, the reader will therefore search under the letter E.

AECIDIUM
Æ*cid"i*um, n.; pl. Æcidia. Etym: [NL., dim. of Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A form of fruit in the cycle of development of the Rusts or
Brands, an order of fungi, formerly considered independent plants.

AEDILE
Æ"dile, n. Etym: [L. aedilis, fr. aedes temple, public building. Cf.
Edify.]

Defn: A magistrate in ancient Rome, who had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows, etc.; hence, a municipal officer.

AEDILESHIP
Æ"dile*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an ædile. T. Arnold.

AEGEAN
Æ*ge"an, a. Etym: [L. Aegeus; Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See Archipelago.

AEGICRANIA
Æ`gi*cra"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Sculptured ornaments, used in classical architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls.

AEGILOPS
Æg"i*lops, n. Etym: [L. aegilopis, Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: An ulcer or fistula in the inner corner of the eye.

2. (Bot.) (a) The great wild-oat grass or other cornfield weed. Crabb. (b) A genus of plants, called also hardgrass.

AEGIS
Æ"gis, n. Etym: [L. aegis, fr. Gr.

Defn: A shield or protective armor; — applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection.

AEGOPHONY
Æ*goph"o*ny, n.

Defn: Same as Egophony.

AEGROTAT
Æ*gro"tat, n. Etym: [L., he is sick.] (Camb. Univ.)

Defn: A medical certificate that a student is ill.

AENEID
Æ*ne"id, n. Etym: [L. Aeneis, Aeneidis, or -dos: cf. F. .]

Defn: The great epic poem of Virgil, of which the hero is Æneas.

AENEOUS
A*ë"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. aëneus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Colored like bronze.

AEOLIAN
Æ*o"li*an, a. Etym: [L. Aeolius, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Æolia or Æolis, in Asia Minor, colonized by the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; æolic; as, the Æolian dialect.

2. Pertaining to Æolus, the mythic god of the winds; pertaining to, or produced by, the wind; aërial. Viewless forms the æolian organ play. Campbell. Æolian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the

volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. — Æolian harp, Æolian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; — usually placed at an open window. Moore. — Æolian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.

AEOLIC
Æ*ol"ic, a. Etym: [L. Aeolicus; Gr.

Defn: Æolian, 1; as, the Æolic dialect; the Æolic mode.

AEOLIPILE; AEOLIPYLE Æ*ol"i*pile, Æ*ol"i*pyle, n. Etym: [L. aeolipilae; Aeolus god of the winds + pila a ball, or Gr. i. e., doorway of Æolus); cf. F. éolipyle.]

Defn: An apparatus consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder) with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve. [Written also eolipile.]

Note: Such an apparatus was first described by Hero of Alexandria about 200 years b. c. It has often been called the first steam engine.

AEOLOTROPIC
Æ`o*lo*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Exhibiting differences of quality or property in different directions; not isotropic. Sir W. Thomson.

AEOLOTROPY
Æ`o*lot"ro*py, n. (Physics)

Defn: Difference of quality or property in different directions.

AEOLUS
Æ"o*lus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Myth.)

Defn: The god of the winds.

AEON
Æ"on, n.

Defn: A period of immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the
Deity. See Eon.

AEONIAN
Æ*o"ni*an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Eternal; everlasting. "Æonian hills." Tennyson.

AEPYORNIS
Æ`py*or"nis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A gigantic bird found fossil in Madagascar.

AERATE A"ër*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. A; p. pr. & vb. n. A.] Etym: [Cf. F. aérer. See Air,v. t.]

1. To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas,
formerly called fixed air.
His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from aërated natural fountains.
Carlyle.

2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as, to aërate soil; to aërate water.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to arterialize. Aërated bread, bread raised by charging dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in the dough by fermentation.

AERATION
A`ër*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aération.]

1. Exposure to the free action of the air; airing; as, aëration of soil, of spawn, etc.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: A change produced in the blood by exposure to the air in respiration; oxygenation of the blood in respiration; arterialization.

3. The act or preparation of charging with carbonic acid gas or with oxygen.

AERATOR
A"ër*a`tor, n.

Defn: That which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for charging mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.

AERENCHYM; AERENCHYMA
{ A"ër*en`chym, A`ër*en"chy*ma }, n. [NL. aërenchyma. See Aëro-;
Enchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A secondary respiratory tissue or modified periderm, found in many aquatic plants and distinguished by the large intercellular spaces.

AERIAL
A*ë"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. aërius. See Air.]

1. Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air; as, aërial regions or currents. "Aërial spirits." Milton. "Aërial voyages." Darwin.

2. Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of the nature of air. Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal.

3. Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; as, aërial spires.

4. Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as opposed to growing or existing in earth or water, or underground; as, aërial rootlets, aërial plants. Gray.

5. Light as air; ethereal. Aërial acid, carbonic acid. [Obs.] Ure.
 — Aërial perspective. See Perspective.

AERIALITY
A*ë`ri*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being aërial; [R.] De Quincey.

AERIALLY
A*ë"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Like, or from, the air; in an aërial manner. "A murmur heard aërially." Tennyson.

AERIAL RAILWAY A*ë`ri*al rail"way`. (a) A stretched wire or rope elevated above the ground and forming a way along which a trolley may travel, for conveying a load suspended from the trolley. (b) An elevated cableway.

AERIAL SICKNESS
A*ë"ri*al sick"ness.

Defn: A sickness felt by aëronauts due to high speed of flights and rapidity in changing altitudes, combining some symptoms of mountain sickness and some of seasickness.

AERIE Ae"rie, n. Etym: [OE. aire, eire, air, nest, also origin, descent, OF. aire, LL. area, aera, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L. area an open space (for birds of prey like to build their nests on flat and open spaces on the top of high rocks). Cf. Area.]

Defn: The nest of a bird of prey, as of an eagle or hawk; also a brood of such birds; eyrie. Shak. Also fig.: A human residence or resting place perched like an eagle's nest.

AERIFEROUS
A`ër*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aër air + -ferous: cf. F. aérifère.]

Defn: Conveying or containing air; air-bearing; as, the windpipe is an aëriferous tube.

AERIFICATION
A`ër*i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aérification. See A.]

1. The act of combining air with another substance, or the state of being filled with air.

2. The act of becoming aërified, or of changing from a solid or liquid form into an aëriform state; the state of being aëriform.

AERIFORM
A"ër*i*form, a. Etym: [L. aër air + -form: cf. F. aériforme.]

Defn: Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.

AERIFY
A"ër*i*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. aër air + -fly.]

1. To infuse air into; to combine air with.

2. To change into an aëriform state.

AERO-
A"ër*o-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The combining form of the Greek word meaning air.

AEROBIC
A`ër*o"bic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Growing or thriving only in the presence of oxygen; also, pertaining to, or induced by, aërobies; as, aërobic fermentation. — A`ër*o"bic*al*ly (#), adv.

AEROBIES
A"ër*o*bies, n. pl. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Microörganisms which live in contact with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive fluids.

AEROBIOTIC
A`ër*o*bi*ot"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Related to, or of the nature of, aërobies; as, aërobiotic plants, which live only when supplied with free oxygen.

AEROBOAT
A"ër*o*boat`, n. [Aëro- + boat.]

Defn: A form of hydro-aëroplane; a flying boat.

AEROBUS
A"ër*o*bus`, n. [Aëro-+ bus.]

Defn: An aëroplane or airship designed to carry passengers.

AEROCLUB
A"ër*o*club`, n. [Aëro- + club.]

Defn: A club or association of persons interested in aëronautics.

AEROCURVE
A"ër*o*curve`, n. [Aëro- + curve.] (Aëronautics)

Defn: A modification of the aëroplane, having curved surfaces, the advantages of which were first demonstrated by Lilienthal.

AEROCYST
A"ër*o*cyst, n. Etym: [Aëro- + cyst.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the air cells of algals.

AEROCYST
A"ër*o*cyst, n. [Aëro-+ cyst.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the air cells of algals.

AERODONETICS
A`ë*ro*do*net"ics, n. [Aëro- + Gr. shaken, to shake.] (Aëronautics)

Defn: The science of gliding and soaring flight.

AERODROME A"ë*ro*drome`, n. [Aëro- + Gr. a running.] (Aëronautics) (a) A shed for housing an airship or aëroplane. (b) A ground or field, esp. one equipped with housing and other facilities, used for flying purposes. — A`ër*o*drom"ic (#), a.

AERODYNAMIC
A"ër*o*dy*nam"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the force of air in motion.

AERODYNAMICS
A`ër*o*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Aëro- + dynamics: cf. F. aérodynamique.]

Defn: The science which treats of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force, and of their mechanical effects.

AEROFOIL
A"ër*o*foil`, n. [Aëro- + foil.]

Defn: A plane or arched surface for sustaining bodies by its movement through the air; a spread wing, as of a bird.

AEROGNOSY
A`ër*og"no*sy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. aérognosie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in nature. Craig.

AEROGRAPHER
A`ër*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One versed in aëography: an aërologist.

AEROGRAPHIC; AEROGRAPHICAL
A`ër*o*graph"ic, A`ër*o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to aërography; aërological.

AEROGRAPHY
A`ër*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -graphy: cf. F. aérographie.]

Defn: A description of the air or atmosphere; aërology.

AEROGUN
A"ër*o*gun`, n. [Aëro-+ gun.]

Defn: A cannon capable of being trained at very high angles for use against aircraft.

AEROHYDRODYNAMIC
A`ër*o*hy`dro*dy*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Aëro- + hydrodynamic.]

Defn: Acting by the force of air and water; as, an aërohydrodynamic wheel.

AEROLITE
A"ër*o*lite, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -lite: cf. F. aérolithe.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone.

Note: Some writers limit the word to stony meteorites.

AEROLITH
A"ër*o*lith, n.

Defn: Same as A.

AEROLITHOLOGY
A`ër*o*li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + lithology.]

Defn: The science of aërolites.

AEROLITIC
A`ër*o*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to aërolites; meteoric; as, aërolitic iron.
Booth.

AEROLOGIC; AEROLOGICAL
A`ër*o*log"ic, A`ër*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to aërology.

AEROLOGIST
A`ër*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in aërology.

AEROLOGY
A`ër*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -logy: cf. F. aérologie.]

Defn: That department of physics which treats of the atmosphere.

AEROMANCY
A"ër*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -mancy: cf. F. aéromancie.]

Defn: Divination from the state of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting changes in the weather.

AEROMECHANIC; AEROMECHANICAL
A`ër*o*me*chan"ic, A`ër*o*me*chan"ical, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to aëromechanics.

AEROMECHANIC
A`ër*o*me*chan"ic, n.

Defn: A mechanic or mechanician expert in the art and practice of aëronautics.

AEROMECHANICS
A`ër*o*me*chan"ics, n.

Defn: The science of equilibrium and motion of air or an aëriform fluid, including aërodynamics and aërostatics.

AEROMETER
A`ër*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -meter: cf. F. éromètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases.

AEROMETRIC
A`ër*o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to aërometry; as, aërometric investigations.

AEROMETRY
A`ër*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Aëro- + -metry: cf. F. érométrie.]

Defn: The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.

AERONAT
A"ër*o*nat`, n. [F. aéronat. See Aëro-; Natation.]

Defn: A dirigible balloon.

AERONAUT
A"ër*o*naut, n. Etym: [F. aéronaute, fr. Gr. Nautical.]

Defn: An aërial navigator; a balloonist.

AERONAUTIC; AERONAUTICAL
A`ër*o*naut"ic, A`ër*o*naut"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aéronauitique.]

Defn: Pertaining to aëronautics, or aërial sailing.

AERONAUTICS
A`ër*o*naut"ics, n.

Defn: The science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means of a balloon; aërial navigation; ballooning.

AERONEF
A"ër*o*nef`, n. [F. aéronef.]

Defn: A power-driven, heavier-than-air flying machine.

AEROPHOBIA; AEROPHOBY
A`ër*o*pho"bi*a, A`ër*oph"o*by, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. aérophobie.]
(Med.)

Defn: Dread of a current of air.

AEROPHONE A"ër*o*phone`, n. [Aëro- + Gr. voice.] (a) A form of combined speaking and ear trumpet. (b) An instrument, proposed by Edison, for greatly intensifying speech. It consists of a phonograph diaphragm so arranged that its action opens and closes valves, producing synchronous air blasts sufficient to operate a larger diaphragm with greater amplitude of vibration.

AEROPHYTE
A"ër*o*phyte (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. aérophyte.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from it; an air plant or epiphyte.

AEROPLANE
A"ër*o*plane` (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + plane.]

Defn: A flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which floats in the air only when propelled through it.

AEROPLANIST
A"ër*o*plan`ist, n.

Defn: One who flies in an aëroplane.

AEROSCOPE
A"ër*o*scope (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: An apparatus designed for collecting spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air.

AEROSCOPY
A`ër*os"co*py (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr.

Defn: The observation of the state and variations of the atmosphere.

AEROSE
Æ*rose" (, a. Etym: [L. aerosus, fr. aes, aeris, brass, copper.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or like, copper; brassy. [R.]

AEROSIDERITE
A`ër*o*sid"er*ite (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + siderite.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A mass of meteoric iron.

AEROSPHERE
A"ër*o*sphere (, n. Etym: [Aëro- + sphere: cf. F. aérosphère.]

Defn: The atmosphere. [R.]

AEROSTAT
A"ër*o*stat (, n. Etym: [F. aérostat, fr. Gr. Statics.]

1. A balloon.

2. A balloonist; an aëronaut.

AEROSTATIC; AEROSTATICAL A`ër*o*stat"ic (, A`ër*o*stat"ic*al (, a. Etym: [Aëro- + Gr. aérostatique. See Statical, Statics.]

1. Of or pertaining to aërostatics; pneumatic.

2. Aëronautic; as, an aërostatic voyage.

AEROSTATICS
A`ër*o*stat"ics (, n.

Defn: The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes aëronautics.

AEROSTATION A`ër*os*ta"tion (, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aérostation the art of using aërostats.]

1. Aërial navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the air.

2. The science of weighing air; aërostatics. [Obs.]

AEROTAXIS
A"ër*o*tax`is, n. [NL. See Aëro-; Taxis.] (Bacteriology)

Defn: The positive or negative stimulus exerted by oxygen on aërobic and anaërobic bacteria. — A`ër*o*tac"tic (#), a.

AEROTHERAPENTICS
A`ër*o*ther`a*pen"tics, n. [Aëro- + therapeutics.] (Med.)

Defn: Treatment of disease by the use of air or other gases.

AEROYACHT
A"ër*o*yacht`, n. [Aëro- + yacht.]

Defn: A form of hydro-aëroplane; a flying boat.

AERUGINOUS Æ*ru"gi*nous (, a. Etym: [L. aeruginosus, fr. aerugo rust of copper, fr. aes copper: cf. F. érugineux.]

Defn: Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of copper.

AERUGO
Æ*ru"go (, n. Etym: [L. aes brass, copper.]

Defn: The rust of any metal, esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.

AERY
Ae"ry (, n.

Defn: An aerie.

AERY
A"ër*y (, a. Etym: [See Air.]

Defn: Aërial; ethereal; incorporeal; visionary. [Poetic] M. Arnold.

AESCULAPIAN
Æs`cu*la"pi*an (, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Æsculapius or to the healing art; medical; medicinal.

AESCULAPIUS
Æs`cu*la"pi*us (, n. Etym: [L. Aesculapius, Gr. (Myth.)

Defn: The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.

AESCULIN
Æs"cu*lin (, n.

Defn: Same as Esculin.

AESIR
Æ"sir, n. pl. [Icel., pl. of ass god.]

Defn: In the old Norse mythology, the gods Odin, Thor, Loki, Balder,
Frigg, and the others. Their home was called Asgard.

AESOPIAN; ESOPIAN
Æ*so"pi*an, E*so"pi*an (, a. Etym: [L. Aesopius, from Gr. (.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Æsop, or in his manner.

AESOPIC; ESOPIC
Æ*sop"ic, E*sop"ic (, a. Etym: [L. Aesopicus, Gr.

Defn: Same as Æsopian.

AESTHESIA
Æs*the"si*a (, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Perception by the senses; feeling; — the opposite of anæsthesia.

AESTHESIOMETER; ESTHESIOMETER Æs*the`si*om"e*ter, Es*the`si*om"e*ter (, n. Etym: [Gr. Æsthesia) + - meter.]

Defn: An instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of tactile sensibility is normal or altered.

AESTHESIS
Æs*the""sis (, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Sensuous perception. [R.] Ruskin.

AESTHESODIC
Æs`the*sod"ic (, a. Etym: [Gr. esthésodique.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; — said of nerves.

AESTHETE
Æs"thete (, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who makes much or overmuch of æsthetics. [Recent]

AESTHETIC; AESTHETICAL
Æs*thet"ic (, Æs*thet"ic*al (, a.

Defn: Of or Pertaining to æsthetics; versed in æsthetics; as, æsthetic studies, emotions, ideas, persons, etc. — Æs*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

AESTHETICAN
Æs`the*ti"can, n.

Defn: One versed in æsthetics.

AESTHETICISM
Æs*thet"i*cism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of æsthetics; æsthetic principles; devotion to the beautiful in nature and art. Lowell.

AESTHETICS; ESTHETICS
Æs*thet"ics, Es*thet"ics (, n. Etym: [Gr. ästhetik, F. esthétique.]

Defn: The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the expression and embodiment of beauty by art.

AESTHO-PHYSIOLOGY
Æs`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy(#), n. Etym: [Gr. physiology.]

Defn: The science of sensation in relation to nervous action. H.
Spenser.

AESTIVAL
Æs"ti*val, a. Etym: [L. aestivalis, aestivus, fr. aestas summer.]

Defn: Of or belonging to the summer; as, æstival diseases. [Spelt also estival.]

AESTIVATE
Æs"ti*vate, v. i. Etym: [L. aestivare, aestivatum.]

1. To spend the summer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: To pass the summer in a state of torpor. [Spelt also estivate.]

AESTIVATION
Æs`ti*va"tion, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The state of torpidity induced by the heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; — opposed to hibernation.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of the petals in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.; prefloration. Gray. [Spelt also estivation.]

AESTUARY
Æs"tu*a*ry, n. & a.

Defn: See Estuary.

AESTUOUS
Æs"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. aestuosus, fr. aestus fire, glow.]

Defn: Glowing; agitated, as with heat.

AETHEOGAMOUS
A*ë`the*og"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Propagated in an unusual way; cryptogamous.

AETHER
Æ"ther, n.

Defn: See Ether.

AETHIOPS MINERAL
Æ"thi*ops min"er*al. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Ethiops mineral. [Obs.]

AETHOGEN
Æth"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of nitrogen and boro

AETHRIOSCOPE
Æ"thri*o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument consisting in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the sky, as when clear or clouded.

AETIOLOGICAL
Æ`ti*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ætiology; assigning a cause.
 — Æ`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

AETIOLOGY
Æ`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. aetologia, Gr. étiologie.]

1. The science, doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and development of things.

2. The assignment of a cause.

AETITES
A`ë*ti"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: See Eaglestone.

AFAR
A*far", adv. Etym: [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]

Defn: At, to, or from a great distance; far away; — often used with
from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw
him afar off.
The steep where Fame's proud temple shines afar. Beattie.

AFEARD
A*feard", p. a. Etym: [OE. afered, AS. af, p. p. of af to frighten;
a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + fran to frighten.
See Fear.]

Defn: Afraid. [Obs.]
Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises. Shak.

AFER
A"fer, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The southwest wind. Milton.

AFFABILITY
Af`fa*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. affabilitas: cf. F. affabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being affable; readiness to converse;
courteousness in receiving others and in conversation; complaisant
behavior.
Affability is of a wonderful efficacy or power in procuring love.
Elyot

AFFABLE Af"fa*ble, a. Etym: [F. affable, L. affabilis, fr. affari to speak to; ad + fari to speak. See Fable.]

1. Easy to be spoken to or addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable. An affable and courteous gentleman. Shak. His manners polite and affable. Macaulay.

2. Gracious; mild; benign. A serene and affable countenance. Tatler.

Syn. — Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild; benign; condescending.

AFFABLENESS
Af"fa*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Affability.

AFFABLY
Af"fa*bly, adv.

Defn: In an affable manner; courteously.

AFFABROUS
Af"fa*brous, a. Etym: [L. affaber workmanlike; ad + faber.]

Defn: Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made. [R.]
Bailey.

AFFAIR Af*fair", n. Etym: [OE. afere, affere, OF. afaire, F. affaire, fr. a faire to do; L.. ad + facere to do. See Fact, and cf. Ado.]

1. That which is done or is to be done; matter; concern; as, a difficult affair to manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public; — often in the plural. "At the head of affairs." Junius. "A talent for affairs." Prescott.

2. Any proceeding or action which it is wished to refer to or characterize vaguely; as, an affair of honor, i. e., a duel; an affair of love, i. e., an intrigue.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: An action or engagement not of sufficient magnitude to be called a battle.

4. Action; endeavor. [Obs.] And with his best affair Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun. Chapman.

5. A material object (vaguely designated). A certain affair of fine red cloth much worn and faded. Hawthorne.

AFFAMISH
Af*fam"ish, v. t. & i. Etym: [F. affamer, fr. L. ad + fames hunger.
See Famish.]

Defn: To afflict with, or perish from, hunger. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFAMISHMENT
Af*fam"ish*ment, n.

Defn: Starvation. Bp. Hall.

AFFATUATE
Af*fat"u*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ad + fatuus foolish.]

Defn: To infatuate. [Obs.] Milton.

AFFEAR
Af*fear", v. t. Etym: [OE. aferen, AS. af. See Afeard.]

Defn: To frighten. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFECT
Af*fect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affected; p. pr. & vb. n. Affecting.]
Etym: [L. affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by active agency; ad
+ facere to make: cf. F. affectere, L. affectare, freq. of afficere.
See Fact.]

1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon. As might affect the earth with cold heat. Milton. The climate affected their health and spirits. Macaulay.

2. To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch. A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure principles.

3. To love; to regard with affection. [Obs.] As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than affected, rather honored than loved, her. Fuller.

4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually. For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for Shak. Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great. Hazlitt.

5. To dispose or incline. Men whom they thought best affected to religion and their country's liberty. Milton.

6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet. [Obs.] This proud man affects imperial Dryden.

7. To tend to by affinity or disposition. The drops of every fluid affect a round figure. Newton.

8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; as, to affect ignorance. Careless she is with artful care, Affecting to seem unaffected. Congreve. Thou dost affect my manners. Shak.

9. To assign; to appoint. [R.] One of the domestics was affected to his special service. Thackeray.

Syn. — To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.

AFFECT
Af*fect", n. Etym: [L. affectus.]

Defn: Affection; inclination; passion; feeling; disposition. [Obs.]
Shak.

AFFECTATION
Af`fec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. affectatio: cf. F. affectation.]

1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show. "An affectation of contempt." Macaulay. Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural what is natural. Locke.

2. A striving after. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.] Hooker.

AFFECTATIONIST
Af`fec*ta"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who exhibits affectation. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.

AFFECTED
Af*fect"ed, p. p. & a.

1. Regarded with affection; beloved. [Obs.] His affected Hercules. Chapman.

2. Inclined; disposed; attached. How stand you affected his wish Shak.

3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to posses what is not natural or real. He is . . . too spruce, too affected, too odd. Shak.

4. Assumed artificially; not natural. Affected coldness and indifference. Addison.

5. (Alg.)

Defn: Made up of terms involving different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; as, an affected equation.

AFFECTEDLY
Af*fect"ed*ly, adv.

1. In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality.

2. Lovingly; with tender care. [Obs.] Shak.

AFFECTEDNESS
Af*fect"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Affectation.

AFFECTER
Af*fect"er, n.

Defn: One who affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after.
"Affecters of wit." Abp. Secker.

AFFECTIBILITY
Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being affectible. [R.]

AFFECTIBLE
Af*fect"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be affected. [R.] Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely, become affectible. Coleridge.

AFFECTING
Af*fect"ing, a.

1. Moving the emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching; as, an affecting address; an affecting sight. The most affecting music is generally the most simple.

2. Affected; given to false show. [Obs.] A drawling; affecting rouge. Shak.

AFFECTINGLY
Af*fect"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.

AFFECTION
Af*fec"tion, n. Etym: [F. affection, L. affectio, fr. afficere. See
Affect.]

1. The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected.

2. An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc. , are affections of bodies. "The affections of quantity." Boyle. And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less, An old and strange affection of the house. Tennyson.

3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude, etc. ; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency. Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality. Cogan.

4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment; — often in the pl. Formerly followed by to, but now more generally by for or towards; as, filial, social, or conjugal affections; to have an affection for or towards children. All his affections are set on his own country. Macaulay.

5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.] Bp. Aylmer.

6. (Med.)

Defn: Disease; morbid symptom; malady; as, a pulmonary affection.
Dunglison.

7. The lively representation of any emotion. Wotton.

8. Affectation. [Obs.] "Spruce affection." Shak.

9. Passion; violent emotion. [Obs.] Most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend. Spenser.

Syn. — Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness; love; good will. See Attachment; Disease.

AFFECTIONAL
Af*fec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the affections; as, affectional impulses; an affectional nature.

AFFECTIONATE
Af*fec"tion*ate, a. Etym: [Cf. F. affectionné.]

1. Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an affectionate brother.

2. Kindly inclined; zealous. [Obs.] Johson. Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be too affectionate. Sprat.

3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent; affectionate countenance, message, language.

4. Strongly inclined; — with to. [Obs.] Bacon.

Syn.
 — Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond; earnest; ardent.

AFFECTIONATED
Af*fec"tion*a`ted, a.

Defn: Disposed; inclined. [Obs.]
Affectionated to the people. Holinshed.

AFFECTIONATELY
Af*fec"tion*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: With affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.

AFFECTIONATENESS
Af*fec"tion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being affectionate; fondness; affection.

AFFECTIONED
Af*fec"tioned, a.

1. Disposed. [Archaic] Be kindly affectioned one to another. Rom. xii. 10.

2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.] Shak.

AFFECTIVE
Af*fec"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. affectif.]

1. Tending to affect; affecting. [Obs.] Burnet.

2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional; emotional. Rogers.

AFFECTIVELY
Af*fec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an affective manner; impressively; emotionally.

AFFECTUOUS
Af*fec"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See
Affect.]

Defn: Full of passion or emotion; earnest. [Obs.] —
Af*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Fabyan.

AFFEER Af*feer", v. t. Etym: [OF. aforer, afeurer, to tax, appraise, assess, fr. L. ad + forum market, court of justice, in LL. also meaning pri.]

1. To confirm; to assure. [Obs.] "The title is affeered." Shak.

2. (Old Law)

Defn: To assess or reduce, as an arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable sum. Amercements . . . were affeered by the judges. Blackstone.

AFFEERER; AFFEEROR
Af*feer"er, Af*feer"or, n. Etym: [OF. aforeur, LL. afforator.] (Old
Law)

Defn: One who affeers. Cowell.

AFFEERMENT
Af*feer"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aforement.] (Old Law)

Defn: The act of affeering. Blackstone.

AFFERENT Af"fer*ent, a. Etym: [L. afferens, p. pr. of afferre; ad + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; — opposed to efferent; as, afferent vessels; afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the external organs to the brain.

AFFETTUOSO
Af*fet`tu*o"so, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: With feeling.

AFFIANCE Af*fi"ance, n. Etym: [OE. afiaunce trust, confidence, OF. afiance, fr. afier to trust, fr. LL. affidare to trust; ad + fidare to trust, fr. L. fides faith. See Faith, and cf. Affidavit, Affy, Confidence.]

1. Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.

2. Trust; reliance; faith; confidence. Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual affiance in the divine love. Sir J. Stephen. Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have Most joy and most affiance. Tennyson.

AFFIANCE Af*fi"ance, v. t. [imp. Affianced; p. pr. Affiancing.] Etym: [Cf. OF. afiancier, fr. afiance.]

1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in marriage. To me, sad maid, he was affianced. Spenser.

2. To assure by promise. [Obs.] Pope.

AFFIANCER
Af*fi"an*cer, n.

Defn: One who makes a contract of marriage between two persons.

AFFIANT
Af*fi"ant, n. Etym: [From p. pr. of OF. afier, LL. affidare. See
Affidavit.] (Law)

Defn: One who makes an affidavit. [U. S.] Burrill.

Syn.
 — Deponent. See Deponent.

AFFICHE
Af`fiche", n. [F., fr. afficher to affix.]

Defn: A written or printed notice to be posted, as on a wall; a poster; a placard.

AFFIDAVIT Af`fi*da"vit, n. Etym: [LL. affidavit he has made oath, perfect tense of affidare. See Affiance, Affy.] (Law)

Defn: A sworn statement in writing; a declaration in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized magistrate. Bouvier. Burrill.

Note: It is always made ex parte, and without cross-examination, and in this differs from a deposition. It is also applied to written statements made on affirmation.

Syn.
 — Deposition. See Deposition.

AFFILE Af*file", v. t. Etym: [OF. afiler, F. affiler, to sharpen; a (L. ad) + fil thread, edge.]

Defn: To polish. [Obs.]

AFFILIABLE
Af*fil"i*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin.

AFFILIATE
Af*fil"i*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affiliated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Affiliating.] Etym: [LL. adfiliare, affiliare, to adopt as son; ad +
filius son: cf. F. affilier.]

1. To adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or receive into close connection; to ally. Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged and in rebellion I. Taylor.

2. To fix the paternity of; — said of an illegitimate child; as, to affiliate the child to (or on or upon) one man rather than another.

3. To connect in the way of descent; to trace origin to. How do these facts tend to affiliate the faculty of hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes H. Spencer.

4. To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; — followed by to or with. Affiliated societies, societies connected with a central society, or with each other.

AFFILIATE
Af*fil"i*ate, v. i.

Defn: To connect or associate one's self; — followed by with; as, they affiliate with no party.

AFFILIATION
Af*fil`i*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. affiliation, LL. affiliatio.]

1. Adoption; association or reception as a member in or of the same family or society.

2. (Law)

Defn: The establishment or ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a bastard, to its father; filiation.

3. Connection in the way of descent. H. Spencer.

AFFINAL
Af*fi"nal, a. Etym: [L. affinis.]

Defn: Related by marriage; from the same source.

AFFINE
Af*fine", v. t. Etym: [F. affiner to refine; (L. ad) + fin fine. See
Fine.]

Defn: To refine. [Obs.] Holland.

AFFINED Af*fined", a. Etym: [OF. afiné related, p. p., fr. LL. affinare to join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to; ad + finis boundary, limit.]

Defn: Joined in affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] "All affined and kin."
Shak.

AFFINITATIVE
Af*fin"i*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Of the nature of affinity.
 — Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly, adv.

AFFINITIVE
Af*fin"i*tive, a.

Defn: Closely connected, as by affinity.

AFFINITY
Af*fin"i*ty, n.; pl. Affinities(#). Etym: [OF. afinité, F. affinité,
L. affinites, fr. affinis. See Affined.]

1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her husband's blood relations); — in contradistinction to consanguinity, or relationship by blood; — followed by with, to, or between. Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. 1 Kings iii. 1.

2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages. There is a close affinity between imposture and credulity. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.] About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with William Cranmer. Burton.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.

5. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A relation between species or highe

6. (Spiritualism)

Defn: A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.

AFFIRM
Af*firm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affirmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Affirming.]
Etym: [OE. affermen, OF. afermer, F. affirmer, affermir, fr. L.
affirmare; ad + firmare to make firm, firmus firm. See Firm.]

1. To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; esp. (Law),

Defn: to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for review.

2. To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true; — opposed to deny. Jesus, . . . whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Acts xxv. 19.

3. (Law)

Defn: To declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. See
Affirmation, 4.

Syn. — To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure; pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify. — To Affirm, Asseverate, Aver, Protest. We affirm when we declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We asseverate it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We aver it, or formally declare it to be true, when we have positive knowledge of it. We protest in a more public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People asseverate in order to produce a conviction of their veracity; they aver when they are peculiarly desirous to be believed; they protest when they wish to free themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their innocence.

AFFIRM
Af*firm", v. i.

1. To declare or assert positively. Not that I so affirm, though so it seem To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: To make a solemn declaration, before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by affirmation.

AFFIRMABLE
Af*firm"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; — followed by of; as, an attribute affirmable of every just man.

AFFIRMANCE
Af*firm"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. afermance.]

1. Confirmation; ratification; confirmation of a voidable act. This statute . . . in affirmance of the common law. Bacon.

2. A strong declaration; affirmation. Cowper.

AFFIRMANT
Af*firm"ant, n. Etym: [L. affirmans, -antis, p. pr. See Affirm.]

1. One who affirms or asserts.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who affirms of taking an oath.

AFFIRMATION
Af`fir*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. affirmatio: cf. F. affirmation.]

1. Confirmation of anything established; ratification; as, the affirmation of a law. Hooker.

2. The act of affirming or asserting as true; assertion; — opposed to negation or denial.

3. That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive as, an affirmation, by the vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality.

4. (Law)

Defn: A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an oath. Bouvier.

AFFIRMATIVE
Af*firm"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. affirmativus: cf. F. affirmatif.]

1. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act affirmative of common law.

2. That affirms; asserting that the fact is so; declaratory of what exists; answering "yes" to a question; — opposed to negative; as, an affirmative answer; an affirmative vote.

3. Positive; dogmatic. [Obs.] J. Taylor. Lysicles was a little by the affirmative air of Crito. Berkeley.

4. (logic)

Defn: Expressing the agreement of the two terms of a proposition.

5. (Alg.)

Defn: Positive; — a term applied to quantities which are to be added, and opposed to negative, or such as are to be subtracted.

AFFIRMATIVE
Af*firm"a*tive, n.

1. That which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the proposition stated; — opposed to Ant: negative; as, there were forty votes in the affirmative, and ten in the negative. Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my purpose that many have believed the affirmative. Dryden.

2. A word or phrase expressing affirmation or assent; as, yes, that is so, etc.

AFFIRMATIVELY
Af*firm"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the affirmative; — opposed to negatively.

AFFIRMATORY
Af*firm"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Giving affirmation; assertive; affirmative. Massey.

AFFIRMER
Af*firm"er, n.

Defn: One who affirms.

AFFIX Af*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Affixing.] Etym: [LL. affixare, L. affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to; ad + figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F. afficher, ultimately fr. L. affigere. See Fix.]

1. To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal to an instrument; to affix one's name to a writing.

2. To fix or fasten in any way; to attach physically. Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves of a plant improper for their food. Ray.

3. To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things; to affix a stigma to a person; to affix ridicule or blame to any one.

4. To fix or fasten figuratively; — with on or upon; as, eyes affixed upon the ground. [Obs.] Spenser.

Syn.
 — To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.

AFFIX Af"fix, n.; pl. Affixes. Etym: [L. affixus, p. p. of affigere: cf. F. affixe.]

Defn: That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a postfix.

AFFIXION
Af*fix"ion, n. Etym: [L. affixio, fr. affigere.]

Defn: Affixture. [Obs.] T. Adams.

AFFIXTURE
Af*fix"ture, n.

Defn: The act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.

AFFLATION Af*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. afflatus, p. p. of afflare to blow or breathe on; ad + flare to blow.]

Defn: A blowing or breathing on; inspiration.

AFFLATUS
Af*fla"tus, n. Etym: [L., fr. afflare. See Afflation.]

1. A breath or blast of wind.

2. A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural impulse; inspiration. A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet without his afflatus. Spence.

AFFLICT
Af*flict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afflicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Afflicting.] Etym: [L. afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down,
deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF. aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf.
Flagellate.]

1. To strike or cast down; to overthrow. [Obs.] "Reassembling our afflicted powers." Milton.

2. To inflict some great injury or hurt upon, causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously; to torment. They did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. Exod. i. 11. That which was the worst now least afflicts me. Milton.

3. To make low or humble. [Obs.] Spenser. Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an afflicted truth. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
 — To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment; wound; hurt.

AFFLICT
Af*flict", p. p. & a. Etym: [L. afflictus, p. p.]

Defn: Afflicted. [Obs.] Becon.

AFFLICTEDNESS
Af*flict"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being afflicted; affliction. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

AFFLICTER
Af*flict"er, n.

Defn: One who afflicts.

AFFLICTING
Af*flict"ing, a.

Defn: Grievously painful; distressing; afflictive; as, an afflicting
event.
 — Af*flict"ing*ly, adv.

AFFLICTION
Af*flic"tion, n. Etym: [F. affliction, L. afflictio, fr. affligere.]

1. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief. To repay that money will be a biting affliction. Shak.

2. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief. Some virtues are seen only in affliction. Addison.

Syn. — Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship. — Affliction, Sorrow, Grief, Distress. Affliction and sorrow are terms of wide and general application; grief and distress have reference to particular cases. Affliction is the stronger term. The suffering lies deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause, such as the loss of what is most dear — friends, health, etc. We do not speak of mere sickness or pain as "an affliction," though one who suffers from either is said to be afflicted; but deprivations of every kind, such as deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called afflictions, showing that term applies particularly to prolonged sources of suffering. Sorrow and grief are much alike in meaning, but grief is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental suffering for some definite cause, as, grief for the death of a dear friend; sorrow is more reflective, and is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked upon with sorrow. Grief is often violent and demonstrative; sorrow deep and brooding. Distress implies extreme suffering, either bodily or mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless, agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind or body. Affliction is allayed, grief subsides, sorrow is soothed, distress is mitigated.

AFFLICTIONLESS
Af*flic"tion*less, a.

Defn: Free from affliction.

AFFLICTIVE
Af*flic"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. afflictif.]

Defn: Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; distressing. "Jove's afflictive hand." Pope. Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive pain. Prior.

AFFLICTIVELY
Af*flic"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an afflictive manner.

AFFLUENCE Af"flu*ence, n. Etym: [F. affluence, L. affluentia, fr. affluens, p. pr. of affluere to flow to; ad + fluere to flow. See Flux.]

1. A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an influx. The affluence of young nobles from hence into Spain. Wotton. There is an unusual affluence of strangers this year. Carlyle.

2. An abundant supply, as of thought, words, feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property; wealth. And old age of elegance, affluence, and ease. Coldsmith.

Syn. — Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty; wealth; opulence.

AFFLUENCY
Af"flu*en*cy, n.

Defn: Affluence. [Obs.] Addison.

AFFLUENT
Af"flu*ent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. affluent, L. affluens, -entis, p. pr.
See Affluence.]

1. Flowing to; flowing abundantly. "Affluent blood." Harvey.

2. Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy; abounding in goods or riches. Language . . . affluent in expression. H. Reed. Loaded and blest with all the affluent store, Which human vows at smoking shrines implore. Prior.

AFFLUENT
Af"flu*ent, n.

Defn: A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.

AFFLUENTLY
Af"flu*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Abundantly; copiously.

AFFLUENTNESS
Af*flu*ent*ness, n.

Defn: Great plenty. [R.]

AFFLUX
Af"flux`, n. Etym: [L. affluxum, p. p. of affluere: cf. F. afflux.
See Affluence.]

Defn: A flowing towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood to the head.

AFFLUXION
Af*flux"ion, n.

Defn: The act of flowing towards; afflux. Sir T. Browne.

AFFODILL
Af"fo*dill, n.

Defn: Asphodel. [Obs.]

AFFORCE Af*force", v. t. Etym: [OF. afforcier, LL. affortiare; ad + fortiare, fr. L. fortis strong.]

Defn: To reënforce; to strengthen. Hallam.

AFFORCEMENT
Af*force"ment, n. Etym: [OF.]

1. A fortress; a fortification for defense. [Obs.] Bailey.

2. A reënforcement; a strengthening. Hallam.

AFFORCIAMENT
Af*for"ci*a*ment, n.

Defn: See Afforcement. [Obs.]

AFFORD
Af*ford", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afforded; p. pr. & vb. n. Affording.]
Etym: [OE. aforthen, AS. gefor, for, to further, accomplish, afford,
fr. for forth, forward. The prefix ge- has no well defined sense. See
Forth.]

1. To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result, fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine; olives afford oil; the earth affords fruit; the sea affords an abundant supply of fish.

2. To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to furnish; as, a good life affords consolation in old age. His tuneful Muse affords the sweetest numbers. Addison. The quiet lanes . . . afford calmer retreats. Gilpin.

3. To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great injury; as, A affords his goods cheaper than B; a man can afford a sum yearly in charity.

4. To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; — with an auxiliary, as can, could, might, etc.; to be able or rich enough. The merchant can afford to trade for smaller profits. Hamilton. He could afford to suffer With those whom he saw suffer. Wordsworth.

AFFORDABLE
Af*ford"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be afforded.

AFFORDMENT
Af*ford"ment, n.

Defn: Anything given as a help; bestowal. [Obs.]

AFFOREST
Af*for"est, v. t. Etym: [LL. afforestare; ad + forestare. See
Forest.]

Defn: To convert into a forest; as, to afforest a tract of country.

AFFORESTATION
Af*for`es*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of converting into forest or woodland. Blackstone.

AFFORMATIVE
Af*form"a*tive, n.

Defn: An affix.

AFFRANCHISE
Af*fran"chise, v. t. Etym: [F. affranchir; (L. ad) + franc free. See
Franchise and Frank.]

Defn: To make free; to enfranchise. Johnson.

AFFRANCHISEMENT
Af*fran"chise*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. affranchissement.]

Defn: The act of making free; enfranchisement. [R.]

AFFRAP Af*frap", v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. It. affrappare, frappare, to cut, mince, F. frapper to strike. See Frap.]

Defn: To strike, or strike down. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFRAY Af*fray", v. t. [p. p. Affrayed.] Etym: [OE. afraien, affraien, OF. effreer, esfreer, F. effrayer, orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. ex + OHG. fridu peace (akin to E. free). Cf. Afraid, Fray, Frith inclosure.] [Archaic]

1. To startle from quiet; to alarm. Smale foules a great heap That had afrayed [affrayed] me out of my sleep. Chaucer.

2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away. That voice doth us affray. Shak.

AFFRAY Af*fray", n. Etym: [OE. afrai, affrai, OF. esfrei, F. effroi, fr. OF. esfreer. See Affray, v. t.]

1. The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack. [Obs.]

2. Alarm; terror; fright. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray. "In the very midst of the affray." Motley.

4. (Law)

Defn: The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others. Blackstone.

Note: A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray.

Syn. — Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest; feud; tumult; disturbance.

AFFRAYER
Af*fray"er, n.

Defn: One engaged in an affray.

AFFRAYMENT
Af*fray"ment, n.

Defn: Affray. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFREIGHT
Af*freight", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + freight: cf. F. affréter. See
Freight.]

Defn: To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or freight.

AFFREIGHTER
Af*freight"er, n.

Defn: One who hires or charters a ship to convey goods.

AFFREIGHTMENT
Af*freight"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. affrétement.]

Defn: The act of hiring, or the contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.

AFFRET
Af*fret", n. Etym: [Cf. It. affrettare to hasten, fretta haste.]

Defn: A furious onset or attack. [Obs.] Spenser.

AFFRICATE Af"fri*cate, n. [L. affricatus, p. p. of affricare to rub against; af- = ad- + fricare to rub.] (Phon.)

Defn: A combination of a stop, or explosive, with an immediately following fricative or spirant of corresponding organic position, as pf in german Pfeffer, pepper, z (= ts) in German Zeit, time.

AFFRICTION
Af*fric"tion, n. Etym: [L. affricare to rub on. See Friction.]

Defn: The act of rubbing against. [Obs.]

AFFRIENDED
Af*friend"ed, p. p.

Defn: Made friends; reconciled. [Obs.] "Deadly foes . . . affriended." Spenser.

AFFRIGHT Af*fright", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affrighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Affrighting.] Etym: [Orig. p. p.; OE. afright, AS. afyrhtan to terrify; a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + fyrhto fright. See Fright.]

Defn: To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to alarm.
Dreams affright our souls. Shak.
A drear and dying sound Affrights the flamens at their service
quaint. Milton.

Syn. — To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare; startle; daunt; intimidate.

AFFRIGHT
Af*fright", p. a.

Defn: Affrighted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AFFRIGHT
Af*fright", n.

1. Sudden and great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than fear, or apprehension, perhaps less than terror. He looks behind him with affright, and forward with despair. Goldsmith.

2. The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror; an object of dread. B. Jonson.

AFFRIGHTEDLY
Af*fright"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: With fright. Drayton.

AFFRIGHTEN
Af*fright"en, v. t.

Defn: To frighten. [Archaic] "Fit tales . . . to affrighten babes."
Southey.

AFFRIGHTER
Af*fright"er, n.

Defn: One who frightens. [Archaic]

AFFRIGHTFUL
Af*fright"ful, a.

Defn: Terrifying; frightful.
 — Af*fright"ful*ly, adv. [Archaic]
Bugbears or affrightful apparitions. Cudworth.

AFFRIGHTMENT
Af*fright"ment, n.

Defn: Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or alarm.
[Archaic]
Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with terror and
affrightment. Locke.

AFFRONT
Af*front", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affronted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Affronting.] Etym: [OF. afronter, F. affronter, to confront, LL.
affrontare to strike against, fr. L. ad + frons forehead, front. See
Front.]

1. To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to face.
[Obs.]
All the sea-coasts do affront the Levant. Holland.
That he, as 't were by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Shak.

2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to confront; as, to affront death; hence, to meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic]

3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility. How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to affront the wife of Aurelius Addison.

Syn. — TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight; defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.

AFFRONT
Af*front", n. Etym: [Cf. F. affront, fr. affronter.]

1. An encounter either friendly or hostile. [Obs.] I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded On hostile ground, none daring my affront. Milton.

2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult. Offering an affront to our understanding. Addison.

3. An offense to one's self-respect; shame. Arbuthnot.

Syn. — Affront, Insult, Outrage. An affront is a designed mark of disrespect, usually in the presence of others. An insult is a personal attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent insult or abuse. An affront piques and mortifies; an insult irritates and provokes; an outrage wounds and injures. Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an affront. When people are in a state of animosity, they seek opportunities of offering each other insults. Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of outrages. Crabb.

AFFRONTE
Af*fron*té", a. Etym: [F. affronté, p. p.] (Her.)

Defn: Face to face, or front to front; facing.

AFFRONTEDLY
Af*front"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Shamelessly. [Obs.] Bacon.

AFFRONTEE
Af*fron*tee", n.

Defn: One who receives an affront. Lytton.

AFFRONTER
Af*front"er, n.

Defn: One who affronts, or insults to the face.

AFFRONTINGLY
Af*front"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an affronting manner.

AFFRONTIVE
Af*front"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to affront or offend; offensive; abusive.
How affrontive it is to despise mercy. South.

AFFRONTIVENESS
Af*front"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.] Bailey.

AFFUSE
Af*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affused; p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing.]
Etym: [L. affusus, p. p. of affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. See
Fuse.]

Defn: To pour out or upon. [R.]
I first affused water upon the compressed beans. Boyle.

AFFUSION
Af*fu"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. affusion.]

Defn: The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism. Specifically: (Med)

Defn: The act of pouring water or other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in disease. Dunglison.

AFFY Af*fy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affied; p. pr. Affying.] Etym: [OF. afier, LL. affidare. Cf. Affiance.]

1. To confide (one's self to, or in); to trust. [Obs.]

2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To bind in faith. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

AFFY
Af*fy", v. i.

Defn: To trust or confide. [Obs.] Shak.

AFGHAN
Af"ghan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Afghanistan.

AFGHAN
Af"ghan, n.

1. A native of Afghanistan.

2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.

AFIELD
A*field", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + field.]

1. To, in, or on the field. "We drove afield." Milton. How jocund did they drive their team afield! Gray.

2. Out of the way; astray. Why should he wander afield at the age of fifty-five! Trollope.

AFIRE
A*fire", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + fire.]

Defn: On fire.

AFLAME
A*flame", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flame.]

Defn: Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze. G. Eliot.

AFLAT
A*flat", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + flat.]

Defn: Level with the ground; flat. [Obs.] Bacon.

AFLAUNT
A*flaunt", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flaunt.]

Defn: In a flaunting state or position. Copley.

AFLICKER
A*flick"er, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flicker.]

Defn: In a flickering state.

AFLOAT
A*float", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + float.]

1. Borne on the water; floating; on board ship. On such a full sea are we now afloat. Shak.

2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; as, a rumor is afloat.

3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat.

AFLOW
A*flow", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flow.]

Defn: Flowing.
Their founts aflow with tears. R. Browning.

AFLUSH
A*flush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flush, n.]

Defn: In a flushed or blushing state.

AFLUSH
A*flush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flush, a.]

Defn: On a level.
The bank is . . . aflush with the sea. Swinburne.

AFLUTTER
A*flut"ter, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + flutter.]

Defn: In a flutter; agitated.

AFOAM
A*foam", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + foam.]

Defn: In a foaming state; as, the sea is all afoam.

A. F. OF L.
A. F. of L. (Abbrev.)

Defn: American Federation of Labor.

AFOOT
A*foot", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + foot.]

1. On foot. We 'll walk afoot a while. Shak.

2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in progress. The matter being afoot. Shak.

AFORE A*fore", adv. Etym: [OE. afore, aforn, AS. onforan or ætforan; pref. a- + fore.]

1. Before. [Obs.] If he have never drunk wine afore. Shak.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: In the fore part of a vessel.

AFORE
A*fore", prep.

1. Before (in all its senses). [Archaic]

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Before; in front of; farther forward than; as, afore the windlass. Afore the mast, among the common sailors; — a phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the officers.

AFORECITED
A*fore"cit`ed, a.

Defn: Named or quoted before.

AFOREGOING
A*fore"go`ing, a.

Defn: Going before; foregoing.

AFOREHAND
A*fore"hand` adv.

Defn: Beforehand; in anticipation. [Archaic or Dial.]
She is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mark xiv. 8.

AFOREHAND
A*fore"hand`, a.

Defn: Prepared; previously provided; — opposed to behindhand.
[Archaic or Dial.]
Aforehand in all matters of power. Bacon.

AFOREMENTIONED
A*fore"men`tioned, a.

Defn: Previously mentioned; before-mentioned. Addison.

AFORENAMED
A*fore"named`, a.

Defn: Named before. Peacham.

AFORESAID
A*fore"said`, a.

Defn: Said before, or in a preceding part; already described or identified.

AFORETHOUGHT
A*fore"thought`, a.

Defn: Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed; as, malice aforethought, which is required to constitute murder. Bouvier.

AFORETHOUGHT
A*fore"thought`, n.

Defn: Premeditation.

AFORETIME
A*fore"time`, adv.

Defn: In time past; formerly. "He prayed . . . as he did aforetime."
Dan. vi. 10.

A FORTIORI
A for`ti*o"ri. Etym: [L.] (Logic & Math.)

Defn: With stronger reason.

AFOUL
A*foul", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + foul.]

Defn: In collision; entangled. Totten. To run afoul of, to run against or come into collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause injury.

AFRAID A*fraid", p. a. Etym: [OE. afrayed, affraide, p. p. of afraien to affray. See Affray, and cf. Afeard.]

Defn: Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive. [Afraid comes after the noun it limits.] "Back they recoiled, afraid." Milton.

Note: This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death. "I am afraid to die." "I am afraid he will chastise me." "Be not afraid that I your hand should take." Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I can not help you in this matter.

Syn.
 — Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.

AFREET
Af"reet, n.

Defn: Same as Afrit.

AFRESH
A*fresh", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + fresh.]

Defn: Anew; again; once more; newly.
They crucify . . . the Son of God afresh. Heb. vi. 6.

AFRIC
Af"ric, a.

Defn: African.
 — n.

Defn: Africa. [Poetic]

AFRICAN
Af"ri*can, a. Etym: [L. Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer African.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Africa. African hemp, a fiber prerared from
the leaves of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa and
India.
 — African marigold, a tropical American plant (Tagetes erecta).
 — African oak or African teak, a timber furnished by Oldfieldia
Africana, used in ship building. African violet African-American, a
United States citizen of African descent.

AFRICAN
Af"ri*can, n.

Defn: A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an
African race.

AFRICANDER
Af`ri*can"der, n.

Defn: One born in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a "colored" mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born of European settlers.

AFRICANISM
Af"ri*can*ism, n.

Defn: A word, phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or
Africans. "The knotty Africanisms . . . of the fathers." Milton.

AFRICANIZE
Af"ri*can*ize, v. t.

Defn: To place under the domination of Africans or negroes. [Amer.]
Bartlett.

AFRIT; AFRITE; AFREET
Af"rit, Af"rite(#), Af"reet(#), n. Etym: [Arab. 'ifrit.] (Moham.
Myth.)

Defn: A powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant.

AFRONT
A*front", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + front.]

Defn: In front; face to face.
 — prep. In front of. Shak.

AFT
Aft, adv. & a. Etym: [AS. æftan behind; orig. superl. of of, off. See
After.] (Naut.)

Defn: Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.

AFTER Aft"er, a. Etym: [AS. æfter after, behind; akin to Goth. aftaro, aftra, backwards, Icel. aptr, Sw. and Dan. efter, OHG. aftar behind, Dutch and LG. achter, Gr. -ter is an old comparative suffix, in E. generally -ther (as in other), and after is a compar. of of, off. Of; cf. Aft.]

1. Next; later in time; subsequent; succeeding; as, an after period of life. Marshall.

Note: In this sense the word is sometimes needlessly combined with the following noun, by means of a hyphen, as, after-ages, after-act, after-days, after-life. For the most part the words are properly kept separate when after has this meaning.

2. Hinder; nearer the rear. (Naut.)

Defn: To ward the stern of the ship; — applied to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the after cabin, after hatchway.

Note: It is often combined with its noun; as, after-bowlines, after- braces, after-sails, after-yards, those on the mainmasts and mizzenmasts. After body (Naut.), the part of a ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part.

AFTER
Aft"er, prep.

1. Behind in place; as, men in line one after another. "Shut doors after you." Shak.

2. Below in rank; next to in order. Shak. Codrus after PhDryden.

3. Later in time; subsequent; as, after supper, after three days. It often precedes a clause. Formerly that was interposed between it and the clause. After I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. Matt. xxvi. 32.

4. Subsequent to and in consequence of; as, after what you have said, I shall be careful.

5. Subsequent to and notwithstanding; as, after all our advice, you took that course.

6. Moving toward from behind; following, in search of; in pursuit of. Ye shall not go after other gods. Deut. vi. 14. After whom is the king of Israel come out 1 Sam. xxiv. 14.

7. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in relation to; as, to look after workmen; to inquire after a friend; to thirst after righteousness.

8. In imitation of; in conformity with; after the manner of; as, to make a thing after a model; a picture after Rubens; the boy takes after his father. To name or call after, to name like and reference to. Our eldest son was named George after his uncle. Goldsmith.

9. According to; in accordance with; in conformity with the nature of; as, he acted after his kind. He shall not judge after the sight of his eyes. Isa. xi. 3. They that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh. Rom. viii. 5.

10. According to the direction and influence of; in proportion to; befitting. [Archaic] He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency, and not after their intrinsic value. Bacon. After all, when everything has been considered; upon the whole. — After (with the same noun preceding and following), as, wave after wave, day after day, several or many (waves, etc.) successively. — One after another, successively. — To be after, to be in pursuit of in order to reach or get; as, he is after money.

AFTER
Aft"er, adv.

Defn: Subsequently in time or place; behind; afterward; as, he
follows after.
It was about the space of three hours after. Acts. v. 7.

Note: After is prefixed to many words, forming compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in after- described, after-dinner, after-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to connect the adjective after with its noun. See Note under After, a., 1.

AFTERBIRTH
Aft"er*birth`, n. (Med.)

Defn: The placenta and membranes with which the fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery.

AFTERCAST
Aft"er*cast`, n.

Defn: A throw of dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too late. Gower.

AFTERCLAP
Aft"er*clap`, n.

Defn: An unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end. Spenser.

AFTERCROP
Aft"er*crop`, n.

Defn: A second crop or harvest in the same year. Mortimer.

AFTER DAMP
Aft"er damp`.

Defn: An irrespirable gas, remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp. See Carbonic acid.

AFTER-DINNER
Aft"er-din`ner(#), n.

Defn: The time just after dinner. "An after-dinner's sleep." Shak.
[Obs.] — a.

Defn: Following dinner; post-prandial; as, an after-dinner nap.

AFTER-EATAGE
Aft"er-eat`age(#), n.

Defn: Aftergrass.

AFTEREYE
Aft"er*eye`, v. t.

Defn: To look after. [Poetic] Shak.

AFTERGAME
Aft"er*game`, n.

Defn: A second game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient. Wotton. Aftergame at Irish, an ancient game very nearly resembling backgammon. Beau. & Fl.

AFTER-GLOW
Aft"er-glow(#), n.

Defn: A glow of refulgence in the western sky after sunset.

AFTERGRASS
Aft"er*grass`, n.

Defn: The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath.

AFTERGROWTH
Aft"er*growth`, n.

Defn: A second growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development. J. S.
Mill.

AFTERGUARD
Aft"er*guard`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The seaman or seamen stationed on the poop or after part of the ship, to attend the after-sails. Totten.

AFTER-IMAGE
Aft"er-im`age(#), n.

Defn: The impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions left of tones, smells, etc.

AFTERINGS
Aft"er*ings, n. pl.

Defn: The last milk drawn in milking; strokings. [Obs.] Grose.

AFTERMATH
Aft"er*math, n. Etym: [After + math. See Math.]

Defn: A second moving; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen. Holland.

AFTER-MENTIONED
Aft"er-men`tioned(#), a.

Defn: Mentioned afterwards; as, persons after-mentioned (in a writing).

AFTERMOST
Aft"er*most, a. superl. Etym: [OE. eftemest, AS. æftemest,akin to
Gothic aftumist and aftuma, the last, orig. a superlative of of, with
the superlative endings -te, -me, -st.]

1. Hindmost; — opposed to foremost.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Nearest the stern; most aft.

AFTERNOON
Aft"er*noon", n.

Defn: The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.

AFTER-NOTE
Aft"er-note`(#), n. (Mus.)

Defn: One of the small notes occur on the unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the preceding note.

AFTERPAINS
Aft"er*pains`, n. pl. (Med.)

Defn: The pains which succeed childbirth, as in expelling the afterbirth.

AFTERPIECE
Aft"er*piece`, n.

1. A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other small entertainment.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The heel of a rudder.

AFTER-SAILS
Aft"er-sails`(#), n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast. Totten.

AFTERSENSATION
Aft"er*sen*sa`tion, n. (Psychol.)

Defn: A sensation or sense impression following the removal of a stimulus producing a primary sensation, and reproducing the primary sensation in positive, negative, or complementary form. The aftersensation may be continuous with the primary sensation or follow it after an interval.

AFTERSHAFT
Aft"er*shaft`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hypoptilum.

AFTERTASTE
Aft"er*taste`, n.

Defn: A taste which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking.

AFTERTHOUGHT
Aft"er*thought`, n.

Defn: Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or expedient.

AFTERWARDS; AFTERWARD
Aft"er*wards, Aft"er*ward, adv. Etym: [AS. æfteweard, a., behind. See
Aft, and -ward (suffix). The final s in afterwards is adverbial,
orig. a genitive ending.]

Defn: At a later or succeeding time.

AFTERWISE
Aft"er*wise`, a.

Defn: Wise after the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late.

AFTER-WIT
Aft"er-wit`, n.

Defn: Wisdom or perception that comes after it can be of use. "After- wit comes too late when the mischief is done." L'Estrange.

AFTER-WITTED
Aft"er-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Characterized by afterwit; slow-witted. Tyndale.

AFTMOST
Aft"most, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Nearest the stern.

AFTWARD
Aft"ward, adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Toward the stern.

AGA; AGHA
A*ga" or A*gha", n. Etym: [Turk. adha a great lord, chief master.]

Defn: In Turkey, a commander or chief officer. It is used also as a title of respect.

AGAIN
A*gain", adv. Etym: [OE. agein, agayn, AS. ongegn, ongeán, against,
again; on + geán, akin to Ger. gegewn against, Icel. gegn. Cf.
Gainsay.]

1. In return, back; as, bring us word again.

2. Another time; once more; anew. If a man die, shall he live again Job xiv. 14.

3. Once repeated; — of quantity; as, as large again, half as much again.

4. In any other place. [Archaic] Bacon.

5. On the other hand. "The one is my sovereign . . . the other again is my kinsman." Shak.

6. Moreover; besides; further.
Again, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc. Hersche
Again and again, more than once; often; repeatedly.
 — Now and again, now and then; occasionally.
 — To and again, to and fro. [Obs.] De Foe.

Note: Again was formerly used in many verbal combinations, as, again- witness, to witness against; again-ride, to ride against; again-come, to come against, to encounter; again-bring, to bring back, etc.

AGAIN; AGAINS
A*gain", A*gains", prep.

Defn: Against; also, towards (in order to meet). [Obs.]
Albeit that it is again his kind. Chaucer.

AGAINBUY
A*gain"buy`, v. t.

Defn: To redeem. [Obs.] Wyclif.

AGAINSAY
A*gain"say`, v. t.

Defn: To gainsay. [Obs.] Wyclif.

AGAINST A*gainst", prep. Etym: [OE. agens, ageynes, AS. ongegn. The s is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See Again.]

1. Abreast; opposite to; facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a river; — in this sense often preceded by over. Jacob saw the angels of God come against him. Tyndale.

2. From an opposite direction so as to strike or come in contact with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats against the roof.

3. In opposition to, whether the opposition is of sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in contrariety to; hence, adverse to; as, against reason; against law; to run a race against time. The gate would have been shut against her. Fielding. An argument against the use of steam. Tyndale.

4. By of before the time that; in preparation for; so as to be ready for the time when. [Archaic or Dial.] Urijah the priest made it, against King Ahaz came from Damascus. 2 Kings xvi. 11. Against the sun, in a direction contrary to that in which the sun appears to move.

AGAINSTAND
A*gain"stand`, v. t.

Defn: To withstand. [Obs.]

AGAINWARD
A*gain"ward, adv.

Defn: Back again. [Obs.]

AGALACTIA; AGALAXY
Ag`a*lac"ti*a, Ag"a*lax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth.

AGALACTOUS
Ag`a*lac"tous, a.

Defn: Lacking milk to suckle with.

AGAL-AGAL
A`gal-a"gal, n.

Defn: Same as Agar-agar.

AGALLOCH; AGALLOCHUM
Ag"al*loch, A*gal"lo*chum, n. Etym: [Gr. aguru, Heb. pl. ahalim.]

Defn: A soft, resinous wood (Aquilaria Agallocha) of highly aromatic smell, burnt by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also agalwood and aloes wood. The name is also given to some other species.

AGALMATOLITE
Ag`al*mat"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. agalmatolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure stone, and pagodite. It is probably a variety of pinite.

AGAMA Ag"a*ma, n.; pl. Agamas. Etym: [From the Caribbean name of a species of lizard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable substances; also, one of these lizards.

AGAMI
Ag"a*mi, n.; pl. Agamis. Etym: [F. agex, fr. the native name.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird (Psophia crepitans), allied to the cranes, and easily domesticated; — called also the gold-breasted trumpeter. Its body is about the size of the pheasant. See Trumpeter.

AGAMIC A*gam"ic, a. Etym: [Agamous.] (a) (Biol.) Produced without sexual union; as, agamic or unfertilized eggs. (b) Not having visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants; agamous.

AGAMICALLY
A*gam"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agamic manner.

AGAMIST
Ag"a*mist, n. Etym: [See Agamous.]

Defn: An unmarried person; also, one opposed to marriage. Foxe.

AGAMOGENESIS
Ag`a*mo*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction without the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual reproduction.

AGAMOGENETIC
Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Reproducing or produced without sexual union.
 — Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.
All known agamogenetic processes end in a complete return to the
primitive stock. Huxley.

AGAMOUS
Ag"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In Bot., cryptogamous.

AGANGLIONIC
A*gan`gli*o"nic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + ganglionic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Without ganglia.

AGAPE
A*gape", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + gape.]

Defn: Gaping, as with wonder, expectation, or eager attention.
Dazzles the crowd and sets them all agape. Milton.

AGAPE
Ag"a*pe, n.; pl. Agapæ. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The love feast of the primitive Christians, being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion.

AGAR-AGAR
A`gar-a"gar, n. Etym: [Ceylonese local name.]

Defn: A fucus or seaweed much used in the East for soups and jellies;
Ceylon moss (Gracilaria lichenoides).

AGARIC
Ag"a*ric, n. Etym: [L. agaricum, Gr. Agara, a town in Sarmatia.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A fungus of the genus Agaricus, of many species, of which the common mushroom is an example.

2. An old name for severwal species of Polyporus, corky fungi growing on decaying wood.

Note: The "female agaric" (Polyporus officinalic) was renowned as a cathartic; the "male agaric" (Polyporus igniarius) is used for preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder. Agaric mineral, a light, chalky deposit of carbonate of lime, sometimes called rock milk, formed in caverns or fissures of limestone.

AGASP
A*gasp", adv. & a. Etym: [. a- + gasp.]

Defn: In a state of gasping. Coleridge.

AGAST
A*gast", p. p. & a.

Defn: See Aghast.

AGAST; AGHAST
A*gast" or A*ghast", v. t.

Defn: To affright; to terrify. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

AGASTRIC
A*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Having to stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the tapeworm.

AGATE
A*gate", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- on + gate way.]

Defn: On the way; agoing; as, to be agate; to set the bells agate.
[Obs.] Cotgrave.

AGATE
Ag"ate, n. Etym: [F. agate, It. agata, L. achates, fr. Gr.

1. (Min.)

Defn: A semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds.

Note: The fortification agate, or Scotch pebble, the moss agate, the clouded agate, etc., are familiar varieties.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A kind of type, larger than pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called ruby.

Note: This line is printed in the type called agate.

3. A diminutive person; so called in allusion to the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals. [Obs.] Shak.

4. A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders, etc.; — so called from the agate fixed in it for burnishing.

AGATIFEROUS
Ag`a*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Agate + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or producing agates. Craig.

AGATINE
Ag"a*tine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, agate.

AGATIZE
Ag"a*tize, v. t. Etym: [Usually p. p. Agatized(#).]

Defn: To convert into agate; to make resemble agate. Dana.

AGATY
Ag"a*ty, a.

Defn: Of the nature of agate, or containing agate.

AGAVE
A*ga"ve, n. Etym: [L. Agave, prop. name, fr. Gr. (bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (order Amaryllidaceæ) of which the chief species is the maguey or century plant (A. Americana), wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The fermented juice is the pulque of the Mexicans; distilled, it yields mescal. A strong thread and a tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many uses.

AGAZED
A*gazed", p. p. Etym: [Only in p. p.; another spelling for aghast.]

Defn: Gazing with astonishment; amazed. [Obs.]
The whole army stood agazed on him. Shak.

AGE Age, n. Etym: [OF. aage, eage, F. âge, fr. L. aetas through a supposed LL. aetaticum. L. aetas is contracted fr. aevitas, fr. aevum lifetime, age; akin to E. aye ever. Cf. Each.]

1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; lifetime. Mine age is as nothing before thee. Ps. xxxix. 5.

2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a man, or of the earth

3. The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority; state of being old. Nor wrong mine age with this indignity. Shak.

4. One of the stages of life; as, the age of infancy, of youth, etc. Shak.

5. Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to come of age; he (or she) is of age. Abbott.

Note: In the United States, both males and females are of age when twenty-one years old.

6. The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the age of consent; the age of discretion. Abbott.

7. A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the age of Pericles. "The spirit of the age." Prescott. Truth, in some age or other, will find her witness. Milton. Archeological ages are designated as three: The Stone age (the early and the later stone age, called paleolithic and neolithic), the Bronze age, and the Iron age. During the Age of Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and implements. See Augustan, Brazen, Golden, Heroic, Middle.

8. A great period in the history of the Earth.

Note: The geologic ages are as follows: 1. The Archæan, including the time when was no life and the time of the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The age of Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The age of Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4. The age of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the Carboniferous age. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary age, or age of Mammals, when the mammalia, or quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The Quaternary age, or age of Man, or the modern era. Dana.

9. A century; the period of one hundred years. Fleury . . . apologizes for these five ages. Hallam.

10. The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation. "Ages yet unborn." Pope. The way which the age follows. J. H. Newman. Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age. C. Sprague.

11. A long time. [Colloq.] "He made minutes an age." Tennyson. Age of a tide, the time from the origin of a tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given place. — Moon's age, the time that has elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and moon.

Note: Age is used to form the first part of many compounds; as, agelasting, age-adorning, age-worn, age-enfeebled, agelong.

Syn.
 — Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.

AGE
Age, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aged; p. pr. & vb. n. Aging.]

Defn: To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew
fat as he aged.
They live one hundred and thirty years, and never age for all that.
Holland.
I am aging; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a light-colored,
hair here and there. Landor.

AGE
Age, v. t.

Defn: To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to; as, grief ages us.

AGED
A"ged, a.

1. Old; having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual time allotted to that species of being; as, an aged man; an aged oak.

2. Belonging to old age. "Aged cramps." Shak.

3. Having a certain age; at the age of; having lived; as, a man aged forty years.

AGEDLY
A"ged*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of an aged person.

AGEDNESS
A"ged*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being aged; oldness.
Custom without truth is but agedness of error. Milton.

AGELESS
Age"less, a.

Defn: Without old age limits of duration; as, fountains of ageless youth.

AGEN
A*gen", adv. & prep.

Defn: See Again. [Obs.]

AGENCY A"gen*cy, n.; pl. Agencies. Etym: [agentia, fr. L. agens, agentis: cf. F. agence. See Agent.]

1. The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of being in action; action; instrumentality. The superintendence and agency of Providence in the natural world. Woodward.

2. The office of an agent, or factor; the relation between a principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with the concerns of another.

3. The place of business of am agent.

Syn.
 — Action; operation; efficiency; management.

AGEND
A"gend, n.

Defn: See Agendum. [Obs.]

AGENDUM A*gen"dum, n.; pl. Agenda. Etym: [L., neut. of the gerundive of agere to act.]

1. Something to be done; in the pl., a memorandum book.

2. A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this sense, usually Agenda.]

AGENESIC
Ag`e*nes"ic, a. Etym: [See Agensis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Characterized by sterility; infecund.

AGENESIS
A*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Any imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of organization.

AGENNESIS
Ag`en*ne"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Impotence; sterility.

AGENT
A"gent, a. Etym: [L. agens, agentis, p. pr. of agere to act; akin to
Gr. aka to drive, Skr. aj.

Defn: Actingpatient, or sustaining, action. [Archaic] "The body agent." Bacon.

AGENT
A"gent, n.

1. One who exerts power, or has the power to act; an actor. Heaven made us agents, free to good or ill. Dryden.

2. One who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor.

3. An active power or cause; that which has the power to produce an effect; as, a physical, chemical, or medicinal agent; as, heat is a powerful agent.

AGENTIAL
A*gen"tial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an agent or an agency. Fitzed. Hall.

AGENTSHIP
A"gent*ship, n.

Defn: Agency. Beau. & Fl.

AGERATUM
A*ger"a*tum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, one species of which (A. Mexicanum) has lavender-blue flowers in dense clusters.

AGGENERATION
Ag*gen`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. aggenerare to beget in addition. See
Generate.]

Defn: The act of producing in addition. [Obs.] T. Stanley.

AGGER Ag"ger, n. Etym: [L., a mound, fr. aggerere to bear to a place, heap up; ad + gerere to bear.]

Defn: An earthwork; a mound; a raised work. [Obs.] Hearne.

AGGERATE
Ag"ger*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. aggeratus, p. p. of aggerare. See Agger.]

Defn: To heap up. [Obs.] Foxe.

AGGERATION
Ag`ger*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. aggeratio.]

Defn: A heaping up; accumulation; as, aggerations of sand. [R.]

AGGEROSE
Ag`ger*ose", a.

Defn: In heaps; full of heaps.

AGGEST
Ag*gest", v. t. Etym: [L. aggestus, p. p. of aggerere. See Agger.]

Defn: To heap up. [Obs.]
The violence of the waters aggested the earth. Fuller.

AGGLOMERATE
Ag*glom"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agglomerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Agglomerating.] Etym: [L. agglomeratus, p. p. of agglomerare; ad +
glomerare to form into a ball. See Glomerate.]

Defn: To wind or collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or
anything like a mass.
Where he builds the agglomerated pile. Cowper.

AGGLOMERATE
Ag*glom"er*ate, v. i.

Defn: To collect in a mass.

AGGLOMERATE
Ag*glom"er*ate, n.

1. A collection or mass.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; — distinguished from conglomerate.

AGGLOMERATE; AGGLOMERATED
Ag*glom"er*ate, Ag*glom"er*a`ted, a.

1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Collected into a rounded head of flowers.

AGGLOMERATION
Ag*glom`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agglomération.]

1. The act or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together. An excessive agglomeration of turrets. Warton.

2. State of being collected in a mass; a mass; cluster.

AGGLOMERATIVE
Ag*glom"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Having a tendency to gather together, or to make collections. Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one of his own words) agglomerative. Coleridge.

AGGLUTINANT Ag*glu"ti*nant, a. Etym: [L. agglutinans, -antis, p. pr. of agglutinare.]

Defn: Uniting, as glue; causing, or tending to cause, adhesion. — n.

Defn: Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to adhere.

AGGLUTINATE
Ag*glu"ti*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agglutinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Agglutinating.] Etym: [L. agglutinatus, p. p. of agglutinare to glue
or cement to a thing; ad + glutinare to glue; gluten glue. See Glue.]

Defn: To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.

AGGLUTINATE
Ag*glu"ti*nate, a.

1. United with glue or as with glue; cemented together.

2. (physiol.)

Defn: Consisting of root words combined but not materially altered as to form or meaning; as, agglutinate forms, languages, etc. See Agglutination, 2.

AGGLUTINATION
Ag*glu`ti*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agglutination.]

1. The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being thus united; adhesion of parts.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning. See Agglutinative, 2.

AGGLUTINATIVE
Ag*glu"ti*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. agglutinatif.]

1. Pertaining to agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to cause adhesion; adhesive.

2. (Philol.)

Defn: Formed or characterized by agglutination, as a language or a
compound.
In agglutinative languages the union of words may be compared to
mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to chemical compounds.
R. Morris.
Cf. man-kind, heir-loom, war-like, which are agglutinative compounds.
The Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are agglutinative
languages. R. Morris.
Agglutinative languages preserve the consciousness of their roots.
Max Müller.

AGGRACE Ag*grace", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + grace: cf. It. aggraziare, LL. aggratiare. See Grace.]

Defn: To favor; to grace. [Obs.] "That knight so much aggraced."
Spenser.

AGGRACE
Ag*grace", n.

Defn: Grace; favor. [Obs.] Spenser.

AGGRADE
Ag*grade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrading.]
(Phys. Geog.)

Defn: To bring, or tend to bring, to a uniform grade, or slope, by addition of material; as, streams aggrade their beds by depositing sediment.

AGGRANDIZABLE
Ag"gran*di"za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being aggrandized.

AGGRANDIZATION
Ag*gran`di*za"tion, n.

Defn: Aggrandizement. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

AGGRANDIZE
Ag"gran*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggrandized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggrandizing.] Etym: [F. agrandir; à (L. ad) + grandir to increase,
L. grandire, fr. grandis great. See Grand, and cf. Finish.]

1. To make great; to enlarge; to increase; as, to aggrandize our conceptions, authority, distress.

2. To make great or greater in power, rank, honor, or wealth; — applied to persons, countries, etc. His scheme for aggrandizing his son. Prescott.

3. To make appear great or greater; to exalt. Lamb.

Syn.
 — To augment; exalt; promote; advance.

AGGRANDIZE
Ag"gran*dize, v. i.

Defn: To increase or become great. [Obs.]
Follies, continued till old age, do aggrandize. J. Hall.

AGGRANDIZEMENT
Ag*gran"dize*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agrandissement.]

Defn: The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement; as, the emperor seeks only the aggrandizement of his own family.

Syn. — Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement; promotion; preferment.

AGGRANDIZER
Ag"gran*di`zer, n.

Defn: One who aggrandizes, or makes great.

AGGRATE
Ag*grate", v. t. Etym: [It. aggratare, fr. L. ad + gratus pleasing.
See Grate, a.]

Defn: To please. [Obs.]
Each one sought his lady to aggrate. Spenser.

AGGRAVATE
Ag"gra*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggravated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggravating.] Etym: [L. aggravatus, p. p. of aggravare. See
Aggrieve.]

1. To make heavy or heavier; to add to; to increase. [Obs.] "To aggravate thy store." Shak.

2. To make worse, or more severe; to render less tolerable or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance; to intensify. "To aggravate my woes." Pope. To aggravate the horrors of the scene. Prescott. The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather aggravate than extenuate his crime. Addison.

3. To give coloring to in description; to exaggerate; as, to aggravate circumstances. Paley.

4. To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate. [Colloq.] If both were to aggravate her parents, as my brother and sister do mine. Richardson (Clarissa).

Syn. — To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify; exaggerate; provoke; irritate; exasperate.

AGGRAVATING
Ag"gra*va`ting, a.

1. Making worse or more heinous; as, aggravating circumstances.

2. Exasperating; provoking; irritating. [Colloq.] A thing at once ridiculous and aggravating. J. Ingelow.

AGGRAVATINGLY
Ag"gra*va`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In an aggravating manner.

AGGRAVATION
Ag`gra*va"tion, n. Etym: [LL. aggravatio: cf. F. aggravation.]

1. The act of aggravating, or making worse; — used of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing in severity or heinousness; something additional to a crime or wrong and enhancing its guilt or injurious consequences.

2. Exaggerated representation. By a little aggravation of the features changed it into the Saracen's head. Addison.

3. An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.

4. Provocation; irritation. [Colloq.] Dickens.

AGGRAVATIVE
Ag"gra*va*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to aggravate. Ag*gres"sive*ly, adv.
 — Ag*gres"sive*ness, n.
No aggressive movement was made. Macaulay.

AGGREGATE
Ag"gre*gate, a. [L. aggregatus, p. p.]

1. Formed by a collection of particulars into a whole mass or sum; collective.

The aggregate testimony of many hundreds.
Sir T. Browne.

2. (Anat.) Formed into clusters or groups of lobules; as, aggregate glands.

3. (Bot.) Composed of several florets within a common involucre, as in the daisy; or of several carpels formed from one flower, as in the raspberry.

4. (Min. & Geol.) Having the several component parts adherent to each other only to such a degree as to be separable by mechanical means.

5. (Zoöl.) United into a common organized mass; — said of certain compound animals.

Corporation aggregate. (Law) See under Corporation.

AGGREGATE
Ag"gre*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggregated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggregating.] [L. aggregatus, p. p. of aggregare to lead to a flock
or herd; ad + gregare to collect into a flock, grex flock, herd. See
Gregarious.]

1. To bring together; to collect into a mass or sum. "The aggregated soil." Milton.

2. To add or unite, as, a person, to an association.

It is many times hard to discern to which of the two sorts, the good or the bad, a man ought to be aggregated. Wollaston.

3. To amount in the aggregate to; as, ten loads, aggregating five hundred bushels. [Colloq.]

Syn. — To heap up; accumulate; pile; collect.

AGGREGATE
Ag"gre*gate, n.

1. A mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; as, a house is an aggregate of stone, brick, timber, etc.

 In an aggregate the particulars are less intimately mixed than in a
compound.

2. (Physics) A mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles; — in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of heterogeneous particles.

In the aggregate, collectively; together.

AGGREGATELY
Ag"gre*gate*ly, adv.

Defn: Collectively; in mass.

AGGREGATION
Ag`gre*ga"tion, n. [Cf. LL. aggregatio, F. agrégation.]

Defn: The act of aggregating, or the state of being aggregated; collection into a mass or sum; a collection of particulars; an aggregate.

Each genus is made up by aggregation of species.
Carpenter.

A nation is not an idea only of local extent and individual momentary aggregation, but . . . of continuity, which extends in time as well as in numbers, and in space. Burke.

AGGREGATIVE
Ag"gre*ga*tive, a. [Cf. Fr. agrégatif.]

1. Taken together; collective.

2. Gregarious; social. [R.] Carlyle.

AGGREGATOR
Ag"gre*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who aggregates.

AGGREGE
Ag*grege", v. t. [OF. agreger. See Aggravate.]

Defn: To make heavy; to aggravate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AGGRESS
Ag*gress", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aggressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggressing.] [L. aggressus, p. p. of aggredi to go to, approach; ad +
gradi to step, go, gradus step: cf. OF. aggresser. See Grade.]

Defn: To commit the first act of hostility or offense; to begin a quarrel or controversy; to make an attack; — with on.

AGGRESS
Ag*gress", n. [L. aggressus.]

Defn: Aggression. [Obs.]

Their military aggresses on others.
Sir M. Hale.

AGGRESS
Ag*gress", v. t.

Defn: To set upon; to attack. [R.]

AGGRESSION
Ag*gres"sion, n. [L. aggressio, fr. aggredi: cf. F. agression.]

Defn: The first attack, or act of hostility; the first act of injury, or first act leading to a war or a controversy; unprovoked attack; assault; as, a war of aggression. "Aggressions of power." Hallam

Syn. — Attack; offense; intrusion; provocation.

AGGRESSIVE
Ag*gres"sive, a. [Cf. F. agressif.]

Defn: Tending or disposed to aggress; characterized by aggression; making assaults; unjustly attacking; as, an aggressive policy, war, person, nation. — Ag*gres"sive*ly, adv. — Ag*gres"sive*ness, n.

No aggressive movement was made.
Macaulay.

AGGRESSOR
Ag*gres"sor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. agresseur.]

Defn: The person who first attacks or makes an aggression; he who begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant. The insolence of the aggressor is usually proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer. Ames.

AGGRIEVANCE
Ag*griev"ance, n. Etym: [OF. agrevance, fr. agrever. See Aggrieve.]

Defn: Oppression; hardship; injury; grievance. [Archaic]

AGGRIEVE
Ag*grieve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggrieved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggrieving.] Etym: [OE. agreven, OF. agrever; a (L. ad) + grever to
burden, injure, L. gravare to weigh down, fr. gravis heavy. See
Grieve, and cf. Aggravate.]

Defn: To give pain or sorrow to; to afflict; hence, to oppress or injure in one's rights; to bear heavily upon; — now commonly used in the passive TO be aggrieved. Aggrieved by oppression and extortion. Macaulay.

AGGRIEVE
Ag*grieve", v. i.

Defn: To grieve; to lament. [Obs.]

AGGROUP
Ag*group", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggrouped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggrouping.] Etym: [F. agrouper; à (L. ad) + groupe group. See
Group..]

Defn: To bring together in a group; to group. Dryden.

AGGROUPMENT
Ag*group"ment, n.

Defn: Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.

AGGRY; AGGRI
Ag"gry, Ag"gri, a.

Defn: Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of ancient manufacture; as, aggry beads are found in Ashantee and Fantee in Africa.

AGHAST
A*ghast", v. t.

Defn: See Agast, v. t. [Obs.]

AGHAST A*ghast", a & p. p. Etym: [OE. agast, agasted, p. p. of agasten to terrify, fr. AS. pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) + g to terrify, torment: cf. Goth. usgaisjan to terrify, primitively to fix, to root to the spot with terror; akin to L. haerere to stick fast, cling. See Gaze, Hesitate.]

Defn: Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or
horror.
Aghast he waked; and, starting from his bed, Cold sweat in clammy
drops his limbs o'erspread. Dryden.
The commissioners read and stood aghast. Macaulay.

AGIBLE
Ag"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. agibilis, fr. L. agere to move, do.]

Defn: Possible to be done; practicable. [Obs.] "Fit for agible things." Sir A. Sherley.

AGILE
Ag"ile, a. Etym: [F. agile, L. agilis, fr. agere to move. See Agent.]

Defn: Having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; nimble; active; as, an agile boy; an agile tongue. Shaking it with agile hand. Cowper.

Syn.
 — Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.

AGILELY
Ag"ile*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agile manner; nimbly.

AGILENESS
Ag"ile*ness, n.

Defn: Agility; nimbleness. [R.]

AGILITY
A*gil"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. agilié, L. agilitas, fr. agilis.]

1. The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; as, strength and agility of body. They . . . trust to the agility of their wit. Bacon. Wheeling with the agility of a hawk. Sir W. Scott.

2. Activity; powerful agency. [Obs.] The agility of the sun's fiery heat. Holland.

AGIO Ag"i*o, n.; pl. Agios. Etym: [It. aggio exchange, discount, premium, the same word as agio ease. See Ease.] (Com.)

Defn: The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called agio.

AGIOTAGE Ag"i*o*tage, n. Etym: [F. agiotage, fr. agioter to practice stockjobbing, fr. agio.]

Defn: Exchange business; also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of speculators to raise or lower the price of stocks or public funds. Vanity and agiotage are to a Parisian the oxygen and hydrogen of life. Landor.

AGIST A*gist", v. t. Etym: [OF. agister; à (L. ad) + gister to assign a lodging, fr. giste lodging, abode, F. gîte, LL. gistum, gista, fr. L. jacitum, p. p. of jac to lie: cf. LL. agistare, adgistare. See Gist.] (Law)

Defn: To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; — used originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and collecting the money for the same. Blackstone.

AGISTATOR
Ag`is*ta"tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: See Agister.

AGISTER; AGISTOR A*gist"er, A*gist"or, n. Etym: [Anglo-Norman agistour.] (Law) (a) Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care of cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; — hence called gisttaker, which in England is corrupted into guest-taker. (b) Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a certain rate; a pasturer. Mozley & W.

AGISTMENT A*gist"ment, n. Etym: [OF. agistement. See Agist.] (Law) (a) Formerly, the taking and feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forests. (b) The taking in by any one of other men's cattle to graze at a certain rate. Mozley & W. (c) The price paid for such feeding. (d) A charge or rate against lands; as, an agistment of sea banks, i. e., charge for banks or dikes.

AGITABLE
Ag"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. agitabilis: cf. F. agitable.]

Defn: Capable of being agitated, or easily moved. [R.]

AGITATE
Ag"i*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Agitating.]
Etym: [L. agitatus, p. p. of agitare to put in motion, fr. agere to
move: cf. F. agiter. See Act, Agent.]

1. To move with a violent, irregular action; as, the wind agitates the sea; to agitate water in a vessel. "Winds . . . agitate the air." Cowper.

2. To move or actuate. [R.] Thomson.

3. To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb; as, he was greatly agitated. The mind of man is agitated by various passions. Johnson.

4. To discuss with great earnestness; to debate; as, a controversy hotly agitated. Boyle.

5. To revolve in the mind, or view in all its aspects; to contrive busily; to devise; to plot; as, politicians agitate desperate designs.

Syn. — To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract; revolve; discuss; debate; canvass.

AGITATEDLY
Ag"i*ta`ted*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agitated manner.

AGITATION
Ag`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. agitatio: cf. F. agitation.]

1. The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being moved with violence, or with irregular action; commotion; as, the sea after a storm is in agitation.

2. A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of tranquillity; disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical excitement; perturbation; as, to cause any one agitation.

3. Excitement of public feeling by discussion, appeals, etc.; as, the antislavery agitation; labor agitation. "Religious agitations." Prescott.

4. Examination or consideration of a subject in controversy, or of a plan proposed for adoption; earnest discussion; debate. A logical agitation of the matter. L'Estrange. The project now in agitation. Swift.

Syn. — Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor; perturbation. See Emotion.

AGITATIVE
Ag"i*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to agitate.

AGITATO
A`gi*ta"to, a. Etym: [It., agitated.] (Med.)

Defn: Sung or played in a restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.

AGITATOR
Ag"i*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others; as, political reformers and agitators.

2. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One of a body of men appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their interests; — called also adjutators. Clarendon.

3. An implement for shaking or mixing.

AGLEAM
A*gleam", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + gleam.]

Defn: Gleaming; as, faces agleam. Lowell.

AGLET; AIGLET Ag"let, Aig"let, n. Etym: [F. aiguillette point, tagged point, dim. of aiguilee needle, fr. LL. acucula for acicula, dim. of L. acus needle, pinagleter to hook on. See Acute, and cf. Aiguillette.]

1. A tag of a lace or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used in dress. They were sometimes formed into small images. Hence, "aglet baby" (Shak.), an aglet image.

2. (Haberdashery)

Defn: A round white staylace. Beck.

AGLEY
A*gley", adv.

Defn: Aside; askew. [Scotch] Burns.

AGLIMMER
A*glim"mer, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + glimmer.]

Defn: In a glimmering state. Hawthorne.

AGLITTER
A*glit"ter, adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + glitter.]

Defn: Clittering; in a glitter.

AGLOSSAL
A*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without tongue; tongueless.

AGLOW
A*glow", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + glow.]

Defn: In a glow; glowing; as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all aglow.

AGLUTITION
Ag`lu*ti"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. a- not + L. glutire to swallow.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inability to swallow.

AGMINAL
Ag"mi*nal, a. Etym: [L. agminalis; agmen, agminis, a train.]

Defn: Pertaining to an army marching, or to a train. [R.]

AGMINATE; AGMINATED Ag"mi*nate, Ag"mi*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. agmen, agminis, a train, crowd.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Grouped together; as, the agminated glands of Peyer in the small intestine.

AGNAIL
Ag"nail, n. Etym: [AS. angnægl; ange vexation, trouble + nægel nail.
Cf. Hangnail.]

1. A corn on the toe or foot. [Obs.]

2. An inflammation or sore under or around the nail; also, a hangnail.

AGNATE Ag"nate, a. Etym: [L. agnatus, p. p. of agnasci to be born in addition to; ad + nasci (for gnasci) to be born. Cf. Adnate.]

1. Related or akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same male ancestor.

2. Allied; akin. "Agnate words." Pownall. Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial and agnate with the former. Landor.

AGNATE
Ag"nate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agnat.] (Civil Law)

Defn: A relative whose relationship can be traced exclusively through males.

AGNATIC
Ag*nat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. agnatique.]

Defn: Pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors. "The agnatic succession." Blackstone.

AGNATION
Ag*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. agnatio: cf. F. agnation.]

1. (Civil Law)

Defn: Consanguinity by a line of males only, as distinguished from cognation. Bouvier.

AGNITION
Ag*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. agnitio, fr. agnoscere. See Notion.]

Defn: Acknowledgment. [Obs.] Grafton.

AGNIZE
Ag*nize", v. t. Etym: [Formed like recognize, fr. L. agnoscere.]

Defn: To recognize; to acknowledge. [Archaic]
I do agnize a natural and prompt alacrity. Shak.

AGNOIOLOGY
Ag`noi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The doctrine concerning those things of which we are necessarily ignorant.

AGNOMEN
Ag*no"men, n. Etym: [L.; ad + nomen name.]

1. An additional or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of some remarkable exploit or event; as, Publius Caius Scipio Africanus.

2. An additional name, or an epithet appended to a name; as, Aristides the Just.

AGNOMINATE
Ag*nom"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To name. [Obs.]

AGNOMINATION
Ag*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. agnominatio. See Agnomen.]

1. A surname. [R.] Minsheu.

2. Paronomasia; also, alliteration; annomination.

AGNOSTIC
Ag*nos"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Professing ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or
involving agnosticism.
 — Ag*nos"tic*al*ly, adv.

AGNOSTIC
Ag*nos"tic, n.

Defn: One who professes ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life, etc.

AGNOSTICISM
Ag*nos"ti*cism, n.

Defn: That doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor denies. Specifically: (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen world, etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the evidence furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a positive conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer); — opposed alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic theism.

AGNUS
Ag"nus, n.; pl. E. Agnuses; L. Agni. Etym: [L., a lamb.]

Defn: Agnus Dei.

AGNUS CASTUS
Ag"nus cas"tus. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Vitex (V. agnus castus); the chaste tree. Loudon.
And wreaths of agnus castus others bore. Dryden.

AGNUS DEI Ag"nus De"i. Etym: [L., lamb of God.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A figure of a lamb bearing a cross or flag. (b) A cake of wax stamped with such a figure. It is made from the remains of the paschal candles and blessed by the Pope. (c) A triple prayer in the sacrifice of the Mass, beginning with the words "Agnus Dei."

AGNUS SCYTHICUS
Ag"nus Scyth"i*cus. [L., Scythian lamb.] (Bot.)

Defn: The Scythian lamb, a kind of woolly-skinned rootstock. See
Barometz.

AGO A*go", a. & adv. Etym: [OE. ago, agon, p. p. of agon to go away, pass by, AS. agan to pass away; a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + gan to go. See Go.]

Defn: Past; gone by; since; as, ten years ago; gone long ago.

AGOG
A*gog", a. & adv. Etym: [Cf. F. gogue fun, perhaps of Celtic origin.]

Defn: In eager desire; eager; astir.
All agog to dash through thick and thin. Cowper.

AGOING
A*go"ing, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + p. pr. of go.]

Defn: In motion; in the act of going; as, to set a mill agoing.

AGON
Ag"on, n.; pl. Agones. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A contest for a prize at the public games.

AGONE
A*gone", a. & adv.

Defn: Ago. [Archaic. & Poet.]
Three days agone I fell sick. 1 Sam. xxx. 13.

AGONE
A"gone, n. Etym: [See Agonic.]

Defn: Agonic line.

AGONIC
A*gon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Not forming an angle. Agonic line (Physics), an imaginary line on the earth's surface passing through those places where the magnetic needle points to the true north; the line of no magnetic variation. There is one such line in the Western hemisphere, and another in the Eastern hemisphere.

AGONISM
Ag"o*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. Agon.]

Defn: Contention for a prize; a contest. [Obs.] Blount.

AGONIST
Ag"o*nist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who contends for the prize in public games. [R.]

AGONISTIC; AGONISTICAL
Ag`o*nis"tic, Ag`o*nis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Agonism.]

Defn: Pertaining to violent contests, bodily or mental; pertaining to athletic or polemic feats; athletic; combative; hence, strained; unnatural. As a scholar, he [Dr. Parr] was brilliant, but he consumed his power in agonistic displays. De Quincey.

AGONISTICALLY
Ag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agonistic manner.

AGONISTICS
Ag`o*nis"tics, n.

Defn: The science of athletic combats, or contests in public games.

AGONIZE
Ag"o*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Agonized; p. pr. & vb. n. Agonizing.]
Etym: [F. agoniser, LL. agonizare, fr. Gr. Agony.]

1. To writhe with agony; to suffer violent anguish. To smart and agonize at every pore. Pope.

2. To struggle; to wrestle; to strive desperately.

AGONIZE
Ag"o*nize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to suffer agony; to subject to extreme pain; to
torture.
He agonized his mother by his behavior. Thackeray.

AGONIZINGLY
Ag"o*ni`zing*ly, adv.

Defn: With extreme anguish or desperate struggles.

AGONOTHETE
Ag"o*no*thete`, n. Etym: [Gr. [Antiq.]

Defn: An officer who presided over the great public games in Greece.

AGONOTHETIC
Ag`o*no*thet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the office of an agonothete.

AGONY
Ag"o*ny, n.; pl. Agonies. Etym: [L. agonia, Gr. agonie. See
Agon.]Etym:

1. Violent contest or striving. The world is convulsed by the agonies of great nations. Macaulay.

2. Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic contests in Greece; and hence, extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; paroxysm of grief; specifically, the sufferings of Christ in the garden of Gethsemane. Being in an agony he prayed more earnestly. Luke xxii. 44.

3. Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion. With cries and agonies of wild delight. Pope.

4. The last struggle of life; death struggle.

Syn. — Anguish; torment; throe; distress; pangs; suffering. — Agony, Anguish, Pang. These words agree in expressing extreme pain of body or mind. Agony denotes acute and permanent pain, usually of the whole system., and often producing contortions. Anguish denotes severe pressure, and, considered as bodily suffering, is more commonly local (as anguish of a wound), thus differing from agony. A pang is a paroxysm of excruciating pain. It is severe and transient. The agonies or pangs of remorse; the anguish of a wounded conscience. "Oh, sharp convulsive pangs of agonizing pride!" Dryden.

A-GOOD
A-good(#), adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + good.]

Defn: In earnest; heartily. [Obs.] "I made her weep agood." Shak.

AGOOD
A*good(a*good"), adv. [Pref. a-+ good.]

Defn: In earnest; heartily. [Obs.] "I made her weep agood." Shak.

AGORA
Ag"o*ra, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An assembly; hence, the place of assembly, especially the market place, in an ancient Greek city.

AGOUARA
A*gou"a*ra, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus), found in the tropical parts of America.

AGOUTA
A*gou"ta, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small insectivorous mammal (Solenodon paradoxus), allied to the moles, found only in Hayti.

AGOUTI; AGOUTY A*gou"ti, A*gou"ty, n. Etym: [F. agouti, acouti, Sp. aguti, fr. native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rodent of the genus Dasyprocta, about the size of a rabbit, peculiar to South America and the West Indies. The most common species is the Dasyprocta agouti.

AGRACE
A*grace", n. & v.

Defn: See Aggrace. [Obs.]

AGRAFFE
A*graffe", n. Etym: [F. agrafe, formerly agraffe, OF. agrappe. See
Agrappes.]

1. A hook or clasp. The feather of an ostrich, fastened in her turban by an agraffe set with brilliants. Sir W. Scott.

2. A hook, eyelet, or other device by which a piano wire is so held as to limit the vibration.

AGRAMMATIST
A*gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A illiterate person. [Obs.] Bailey.

AGRAPHIA
A*graph"i*a, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The absence or loss of the power of expressing ideas by written signs. It is one form of aphasia.

AGRAPHIC
A*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Characterized by agraphia.

AGRAPPES
A*grappes", n. pl. Etym: [OF. agrappe, F. agrafe; a + grappe (see
Grape) fr. OHG. krapfo hook.]

Defn: Hooks and eyes for armor, etc. Fairholt.

AGRARIAN
A*gra"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. agrarius, fr. ager field.]

1. Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure; esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands; as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands among citizens. His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an agrarian experiment. Burke.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Wild; — said of plants growing in the fields.

AGRARIAN
A*gra"ri*an, n.

1. One in favor of an equal division of landed property.

2. An agrarian law. [R.] An equal agrarian is perpetual law. Harrington.

AGRARIANISM
A*gra"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: An equal or equitable division of landed property; the principles or acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.

AGRARIANIZE
A*gra"ri*an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To distribute according to, or to imbue with, the principles of agrarianism.

AGRE; AGREE
A*gre", A*gree", adv. Etym: [F. à gré. See Agree.]

Defn: In good part; kindly. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

AGREE
A*gree", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Agreed; p. pr. & vb. n. Agreeing.] Etym:
[F. agréer to accept or receive kindly, fr. à gré; à (L. ad) + gré
good will, consent, liking, fr. L. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See
Grateful.]

1. To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or concord; to be or become united or consistent; to concur; as, all parties agree in the expediency of the law. If music and sweet poetry agree. Shak. Their witness agreed not together. Mark xiv. 56. The more you agree together, the less hurt can your enemies do you. Sir T. Browne.

2. To yield assent; to accede; — followed by to; as, to agree to an offer, or to opinion.

3. To make a stipulation by way of settling differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come to terms or to a common resolve; to promise. Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25. Didst not thou agree with me for a penny Matt. xx. 13.

4. To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to correspond; as, the picture does not agree with the original; the two scales agree exactly.

5. To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do well; as, the same food does not agree with every constitution.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: To correspond in gender, number, case, or person.

Note: The auxiliary forms of to be are often employed with the participle agreed. "The jury were agreed." Macaulay. "Can two walk together, except they be agreed " Amos iii. 3. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived from the transitive verb used reflexively. "I agree me well to your desire." Ld. Berners.

Syn. — To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede; engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond; harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.

AGREE
A*gree", v. t.

1. To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to settle; to arrange; as, to agree the fact; to agree differences. [Obs.]

AGREEABILITY
A*gree`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [OF. agreablete.]

1. Easiness of disposition. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The quality of being, or making one's self, agreeable; agreeableness. Thackeray.

AGREEABLE
A*gree"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. agréable.]

1. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; as, agreeable manners or remarks; an agreeable person; fruit agreeable to the taste. A train of agreeable reveries. Goldsmith.

2. Willing; ready to agree or consent. [Colloq.] These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great sum of money, so that he will be but content and agreeable that they may enter into the said town. Latimer.

3. Agreeing or suitable; conformable; correspondent; concordant; adapted; — followed by to, rarely by with. That which is agreeable to the nature of one thing, is many times contrary to the nature of another. L'Estrange.

4. In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; — in this sense used adverbially for agreeably; as, agreeable to the order of the day, the House took up the report.

Syn.
 — Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable; amiable. See
Pleasant.

AGREEABLENESS
A*gree"a*ble*ness, n.

1. The quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses. That author . . . has an agreeableness that charms us. Pope.

2. The quality of being agreeable or suitable; suitableness or conformity; consistency. The agreeableness of virtuous actions to human nature. Pearce.

3. Resemblance; concordance; harmony; — with to or between. [Obs.] The agreeableness between man and the other parts of the universe. Grew.

AGREEABLY
A*gree"a*bly, adv.

1. In an agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly. "Agreeably entertained." Goldsmith.

2. In accordance; suitably; consistently; conformably; — followed by to and rarely by with. See Agreeable, 4. The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent, agreeably to the maxim above laid down. Paley.

3. Alike; similarly. [Obs.] Both clad in shepherds' weeds agreeably. Spenser.

AGREEINGLY
A*gree"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In an agreeing manner (to); correspondingly; agreeably. [Obs.]

AGREEMENT
A*gree"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. agrément.]

1. State of agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character; concurrence; concord; conformity; as, a good agreement subsists among the members of the council. What agreement hath the temple of God with idols 2 Cor. vi. 16. Expansion and duration have this further agreement. Locke.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Concord or correspondence of one word with another in gender, number, case, or person.

3. (Law) (a) A concurrence in an engagement that something shall be done or omitted; an exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement, or stipulation; a contract. (b) The language, oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises. Abbott. Brande & C.

Syn.
 — Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.

AGREER
A*gre"er, n.

Defn: One who agrees.

AGRESTIC
A*gres"tic, a. Etym: [L. agrestis, fr. ager field.]

Defn: Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the city; rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth. "Agrestic behavior." Gregory.

AGRESTICAL
A*gres"tic*al, a.

Defn: Agrestic. [Obs.]

AGRICOLATION
A*gric`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [L., agricolatio.]

Defn: Agriculture. [Obs.] Bailey.

AGRICOLIST
A*gric"o*list, n.

Defn: A cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist. Dodsley.

AGRICULTOR
Ag"ri*cul`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. ager field + cultor cultivator.]

Defn: An agriculturist; a farmer. [R.]

AGRICULTURAL
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in, tillage; as, the agricultural class; agricultural implements, wages, etc. — Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ly, adv. Agricultural ant (Zoöl.), a species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for food. The remarkable species (Myrmica barbata) found in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its favorite grain, known as ant rice.

AGRICULTURALIST
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ist, n.

Defn: An agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)

AGRICULTURE Ag"ri*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. agricultura; ager field + cultura cultivation: cf. F. agriculture. See Acre and Culture.]

Defn: The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming.

AGRICULTURISM
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ism, n.

Defn: Agriculture. [R.]

AGRICULTURIST
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One engaged or skilled in agriculture; a husbandman. The farmer is always a practitioner, the agriculturist may be a mere theorist. Crabb.

AGRIEF
A*grief", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + grief.]

Defn: In grief; amiss. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AGRIMONY Ag"ri*mo*ny, n. Etym: [OE. agremoyne, OF. aigremoine, L. agrimonia for argemonia, fr. Gr. (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants of the Rose family. (b) The name is also given to various other plants; as, hemp agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum); water agrimony (Bidens).

Note: The Agrimonia eupatoria, or common agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used.

AGRIN
A*grin", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + grin.]

Defn: In the act of grinning. "His visage all agrin." Tennyson.

AGRIOLOGIST
Ag`ri*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed or engaged in agriology.

AGRIOLOGY
Ag`ri*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Description or comparative study of the customs of savage or uncivilized tribes.

AGRISE
A*grise", v. i. Etym: [AS. agrisan to dread; a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger.
er-, orig. meaning out) + grisan, for gr (only in comp.), akin to
OHG. gr, G. grausen, to shudder. See Grisly.]

Defn: To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AGRISE
A*grise", v. t.

1. To shudder at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. To terrify; to affright. [Obs.] His manly face that did his foes agrise. Spenser.

AGROM
A"grom, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease occurring in Bengal and other parts of the East
Indies, in which the tongue chaps and cleaves.

AGRONOMIC; AGRONOMICAL
Ag`ro*nom"ic, Ag`ro*nom"ic*al, Etym: [Cf. F. agronomique.]

Defn: Pertaining to agronomy, of the management of farms.

AGRONOMICS
Ag`ro*nom"ics, n.

Defn: The science of the distribution and management of land.

AGRONOMIST
A*gron"o*mist, n.

Defn: One versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.

AGRONOMY
A*gron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. agronomie.]

Defn: The management of land; rural economy; agriculture.

AGROPE
A*grope", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + grope.]

Defn: In the act of groping. Mrs. Browning.

AGROSTIS
A*gros"tis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A genus of grasses, including species called in common language bent grass. Some of them, as redtop (Agrostis vulgaris), are valuable pasture grasses.

AGROSTOGRAPHIC; AGROSTOGRAPHICAL A*gros`to*graph"ic, A*gros`to*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. agrostographique.]

Defn: Pertaining to agrostography.

AGROSTOGRAPHY
Ag`ros*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of the grasses.

AGROSTOLOGIC; AGROSTOLOGICAL
A*gros`to*log"ic, A*gros`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to agrostology.

AGROSTOLOGIST
Ag`ros*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in agrostology.

AGROSTOLOGY
Ag`ros*tol"ogy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of botany which treats of the grasses.

AGROTECHNY
Ag"ro*tech`ny, n. [Gr. field, land + an art.]

Defn: That branch of agriculture dealing with the methods of conversion of agricultural products into manufactured articles; agricultural technology.

AGROUND
A*ground", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + ground.]

Defn: On the ground; stranded; — a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom lodges on the ground. Totten.

AGROUPMENT
A*group"ment, n.

Defn: See Aggroupment.

AGRYPNOTIC
Ag`ryp*not"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. agrypnotique.]

Defn: Anything which prevents sleep, or produces wakefulness, as strong tea or coffee.

AGUARDIENTE
A`guar*di*en"te, n. Etym: [Sp., contr. of agua ardiente burning water
(L. aqua water + ardens burning).]

1. A inferior brandy of Spain and Portugal.

2. A strong alcoholic drink, especially pulque. [Mexico and Spanish America.]

AGUE
A"gue, n. Etym: [OE. agu, ague, OF. agu, F. aigu, sharp, OF. fem.
ague, LL. (febris) acuta, a sharp, acute fever, fr. L. acutus sharp.
See Acute.]

1. An acute fever. [Obs.] "Brenning agues." P. Plowman.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.

3. The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever; as, fever and ague.

4. A chill, or state of shaking, as with cold. Dryden. Ague cake, an enlargement of the spleen produced by ague. — Ague drop, a solution of the arsenite of potassa used for ague. — Ague fit, a fit of the ague. Shak. — Ague spell, a spell or charm against ague. Gay. — Ague tree, the sassafras, — sometimes so called from the use of its root formerly, in cases of ague. [Obs.]

AGUE
A"gue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agued.]

Defn: To strike with an ague, or with a cold fit. Heywood.

AGUILT
A*guilt", v. t.

Defn: To be guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

AGUISE
A*guise", n.

Defn: Dress. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

AGUISE
A*guise", v. t. Etym: [Pref a- + guise.]

Defn: To dress; to attire; to adorn. [Obs.]
Above all knights ye goodly seem aguised. Spenser.

AGUISH
A"gu*ish, a.

1. Having the qualities of an ague; somewhat cold or shivering; chilly; shaky. Her aguish love now glows and burns. Granville.

2. Productive of, or affected by, ague; as, the aguish districts of England. T. Arnold. A"gu*ish*ness, n.

AGUSH
A*gush", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + gush.]

Defn: In a gushing state. Hawthorne.

AGYNOUS
Ag"y*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Without female organs; male.

AH
Ah, interj. Etym: [OE. a: cf. OF. a, F. ah, L. ah, Gr. a, Icel. æ,
OHG. a, Lith. á, á\'a0.]

Defn: An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, entreaty, contempt, threatening, delight, triumph, etc., according to the manner of utterance.

AHA
A*ha", interj. Etym: [Ah, interj. + ha.]

Defn: An exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph, mixed with derision or irony, or simple surprise.

AHA
A*ha", n.

Defn: A sunk fence. See Ha-ha. Mason.

AHEAD
A*head", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + head.]

1. In or to the front; in advance; onward. The island bore but a little ahead of us. Fielding.

2. Headlong; without restraint. [Obs.] L'Estrange. To go ahead. (a) To go in advance. (b) To go on onward. (c) To push on in an enterprise. [Colloq] — To get ahead of. (a) To get in advance of. (b) To surpass; to get the better of. [Colloq.]

AHEAP
A*heap", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + heap.]

Defn: In a heap; huddled together. Hood.

AHEIGHT
A*height", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + height.]

Defn: Aloft; on high. [Obs.] "Look up aheight." Shak.

AHEM
A*hem", interj.

Defn: An exclamation to call one's attention; hem.

AHEY
A*hey", interj.

Defn: Hey; ho.

AHIGH
A*high", adv.

Defn: On high. [Obs.] Shak.

AHOLD
A*hold", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + hold.]

Defn: Near the wind; as, to lay a ship ahold. [Obs.] Shak.

AHORSEBACK
A*horse"back, adv.

Defn: On horseback.
Two suspicious fellows ahorseback. Smollet.

AHOY
A*hoy", interj. Etym: [OE. a, interj. + hoy.] (Naut.)

Defn: A term used in hailing; as, "Ship ahoy."

AHRIMAN
Ah"ri*man, n. Etym: [Per.]

Defn: The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient Persians; the Prince of Darkness as opposer to Ormuzd, the King of Light.

AHU
A"hu, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Asiatic gazelle.

AHULL
A*hull", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + hull.] (Naut.)

Defn: With the sails furled, and the helm lashed alee; — applied to ships in a storm. See Hull, n.

AHUNGERED
A*hun"gered, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + hungered.]

Defn: Pinched with hunger; very hungry. C. Bronté.

AI A"i, n.; pl. Ais. Etym: [Braz. aï, haï, from the animal's cry: cf. F. aï.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) of South America.
See Sloth.

AIBLINS; ABLINS
Ai"blins, A"blins, adv. Etym: [See Able.]

Defn: Perhaps; possibly. [Scotch] Burns.

AICH'S METAL
Aich's met"al.

Defn: A kind of gun metal, containing copper, zinc, and iron, but no tin.

AID Aid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aided; p. pr. & vb. n. Aiding.] Etym: [F. aider, OF. aidier, fr. L. adjutare to help, freq. of adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to help. Cf. Adjutant.]

Defn: To support, either by furnishing strength or means in
coöperation to effect a purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to
help; to assist.
You speedy helpers . . . Appear and aid me in this enterprise. Shak.

Syn. — To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve; befriend; coöperate; promote. See Help.

AID
Aid, n. Etym: [F. aide, OF. aïde, aïe, fr. the verb. See Aid, v. t.]

1. Help; succor; assistance; relief. An unconstitutional mode of obtaining aid. Hallam.

2. The person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; a helper; an assistant. It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him an aid like unto himself. Tobit viii. 6.

3. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A subsidy granted to the king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan.

4. (Feudal Law)

Defn: A pecuniary tribute paid by a vassal to his lord on special occasions. Blackstone.

5. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation; as, a general's aid. Aid prayer (Law), a proceeding by which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in suit. — To pray in aid, to beseech and claim such assistance.

AIDANCE
Aid"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aidance.]

Defn: Aid. [R.]
Aidance 'gainst the enemy. Shak.

AIDANT
Aid"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aidant, p. pr. of aider to help.]

Defn: Helping; helpful; supplying aid. Shak.

AID-DE-CAMP Aid"-de-camp`, n.; pl. Aids-de-camp.. Etym: [F. aide de camp (literally) camp assistant.] (Mil.)

Defn: An officer selected by a general to carry orders, also to assist or represent him in correspondence and in directing movements.

AIDER
Aid"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, aids.

AIDFUL
Aid"ful, a.

Defn: Helpful. [Archaic.] Bp. Hall.

AIDLESS
Aid"less, a.

Defn: Helpless; without aid. Milton.

AID-MAJOR
Aid"-ma`jor, n.

Defn: The adjutant of a regiment.

AIEL
Ai"el, n.

Defn: See Ayle. [Obs.]

AIGLET
Aig"let, n.

Defn: Same as Aglet.

AIGRE
Ai"gre, a. Etym: [F. See Eager.]

Defn: Sour. [Obs.] Shak.

AIGREMORE
Ai"gre*more, n. Etym: [F. origin unknown.]

Defn: Charcoal prepared for making powder.

AIGRET; AIGRETTE Ai"gret, Ai*grette, n. Etym: [F., a sort of white heron, with a tuft of feathers on its head; a tuft of feathers; dim. of the same word as heron. See Heron, and cf. Egret, Egrette.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The small white European heron. See Egret.

2. A plume or tuft for the head composed of feathers, or of gems, etc. Prescott.

3. A tuft like that of the egret. (Bot.)

Defn: A feathery crown of seed; egret; as, the aigrette or down of the dandelion or the thistle.

AIGUILLE
Ai`guille", n. Etym: [F., a needle. See Aglet.]

1. A needle-shaped peak.

2. An instrument for boring holes, used in blasting.

AIGUILLETTE
Ai`guil*lette", n. Etym: [F. See Aglet.]

1. A point or tag at the end of a fringe or lace; an aglet.

2. One of the ornamental tags, cords, or loops on some military and naval uniforms.

AIGULET
Ai"gu*let, n.

Defn: See Aglet. Spenser.

AIL Ail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ailing.] Etym: [OE. eilen, ailen, AS. eglan to trouble, pain; akin to Goth. us-agljan to distress, agls troublesome, irksome, aglo, aglitha, pain, and prob. to E. awe.

Defn: To affect with pain or uneasiness, either physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; — used to express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown; as, what ails the man I know not what ails him. What aileth thee, Hagar Gen. xxi. 17.

Note: It is never used to express a specific disease. We do not say, a fever ails him; but, something ails him.

AIL
Ail, v. i.

Defn: To be affected with pain or uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in trouble. When he ails ever so little . . . he is so peevish. Richardson.

AIL
Ail, n.

Defn: Indisposition or morbid affection. Pope.

AILANTHUS
Ai*lan"thus, n.

Defn: Same as Ailantus.

AILANTUS Ai*lan"tus, n. Etym: [From aylanto, i. e., tree of heaven, the name of the tree in the Moluccas.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of beautiful trees, natives of the East Indies. The tree imperfectly di

AILERON
Ai"le*ron, n. [F., dim. of aile wing.]

1.

Defn: A half gable, as at the end of a penthouse or of the aisle of a church.

2. (Aëronautics) A small plane or surface capable of being manipulated by the pilot of a flying machine to preserve or destroy lateral balance; a hinged wing tip; a lateral stabilizing or balancing plane.

AILETTE
Ai*lette, n. Etym: [F. ailette, dim. of aile wing, L. ala.]

Defn: A small square shield, formerly worn on the shoulders of knights, — being the prototype of the modern epaulet. Fairholt.

AILMENT
Ail"ment, n.

Defn: Indisposition; morbid affection of the body; — not applied ordinarily to acute diseases. "Little ailments." Landsdowne.

AILUROIDEA
Ai`lu*roid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of the Carnivora, which includes the cats, civets, and hyenas.

AIM Aim, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Aiming.] Etym: [OE. amen, aimen, eimen, to guess at, to estimate, to aim, OF. esmer, asmer, fr. L. aestimare to estimate; or perh. fr. OF. aesmer; ad) + esmer. See Estimate.]

1. To point or direct a missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it; as, to aim at a fox, or at a target.

2. To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; — followed by at, or by an infinitive; as, to aim at distinction; to aim to do well. Aim'st thou at princes Pope.

3. To guess or conjecture. [Obs.] Shak.

AIM
Aim, v. t.

Defn: To direct or point, as a weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; as, to aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow (at something); to aim a satire or a reflection (at some person or vice).

AIM
Aim, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. esme estimation, fr. esmer. See Aim, v. i.]

1. The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it. Each at the head leveled his deadly aim. Milton.

2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or affected. To be the aim of every dangerous shot. Shak.

3. Intention; purpose; design; scheme. How oft ambitious aims are crossed! Pope.

4. Conjecture; guess. [Obs.] What you would work me to, I have some aim. Shak. To cry aim (Archery), to encourage. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. — End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose; intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.

AIMER
Aim"er, n.

Defn: One who aims, directs, or points.

AIMLESS
Aim"less, a.

Defn: Without aim or purpose; as, an aimless life.
 — Aim"less*ly, adv.
 — Aim"less*ness, n.

AINO
Ai"no, n. Etym: [Said to be the native name for man.]

Defn: One of a peculiar race inhabiting Yesso, the Kooril Islands etc., in the northern part of the empire of Japan, by some supposed to have been the progenitors of the Japanese. The Ainos are stout and short, with hairy bodies.

AIN'T
Ain't.

Defn: A contraction for are not and am not; also used for is not.
[Colloq. or llliterate speech]. See An't.

AIR Air, n. Etym: [OE. air, eir, F. air, L. aër, fr. Gr. wind. In sense 10 the French has taking a meaning fr. It. aria atmosphere, air, fr. the same Latin word; and in senses 11, 12, 13 the French meaning is either fr. L. aria, or due to confusion with F. aire, in an older sense of origin, descent. Cf. A, Debonair, Malaria, Wind.]

1. The fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent, compressible, elastic, and ponderable.

Note: By the ancient philosophers, air was regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount of carbon dioxide, the average proportions being, by volume: oxygen, 20.96 per cent.; nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These proportions are subject to a very slight variability. Air also always contains some vapor of water.

2. Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or volatile. "Charm ache with air." Shak. He was still all air and fire. Macaulay . [Air and fire being the finer and quicker elements as opposed to earth and water.]

3. A particular state of the atmosphere, as respects heat, cold, moisture, etc., or as affecting the sensations; as, a smoky air, a damp air, the morning air, etc.

4. Any aëriform body; a gas; as, oxygen was formerly called vital air. [Obs.]

5. Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle wind. Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play. Pope.

6. Odoriferous or contaminated air.

7. That which surrounds and influences. The keen, the wholesome air of poverty. Wordsworth.

8. Utterance abroad; publicity; vent. You gave it air before me. Dryden.

9. Intelligence; information. [Obs.] Bacon.

10. (Mus.) (a) A musical idea, or motive, rhythmically developed in consecutive single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole, which may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or song, or even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a melody; a tune; an aria. (b) In harmonized chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which bears the tune or melody — in modern harmony usually the upper part — is sometimes called the air.

11. The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a person; mien; demeanor; as, the air of a youth; a heavy air; a lofty air. "His very air." Shak.

12. Peculiar appearance; apparent character; semblance; manner; style. It was communicated with the air of a secret. Pope.

12. pl.

Defn: An artificial or affected manner; show of pride or vanity; haughtiness; as, it is said of a person, he puts on airs. Thackeray.

14. (Paint.) (a) The representation or reproduction of the effect of the atmospheric medium through which every object in nature is viewed. New Am. Cyc. (b) Carriage; attitude; action; movement; as, the head of that portrait has a good air. Fairholt.

15. (Man.)

Defn: The artificial motion or carriage of a horse.

Note: Air is much used adjectively or as the first part of a compound term. In most cases it might be written indifferently, as a separate limiting word, or as the first element of the compound term, with or without the hyphen; as, air bladder, air-bladder, or airbladder; air cell, air-cell, or aircell; air-pump, or airpump. Air balloon. See Balloon. — Air bath. (a) An apparatus for the application of air to the body. (b) An arrangement for drying substances in air of any desired temperature. — Air castle. See Castle in the air, under Castle. — Air compressor, a machine for compressing air to be used as a motive power. — Air crossing, a passage for air in a mine. — Air cushion, an air-tight cushion which can be inflated; also, a device for arresting motion without shock by confined air. — Air fountain, a contrivance for producing a jet of water by the force of compressed air. — Air furnace, a furnace which depends on a natural draft and not on blast. — Air line, a straight line; a bee line. Hence Air-line, adj.; as, air-line road. — Air lock (Hydr. Engin.), an intermediate chamber between the outer air and the compressed-air chamber of a pneumatic caisson. Knight. — Air port (Nav.), a scuttle or porthole in a ship to admit air. — Air spring, a spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized. — Air thermometer, a form of thermometer in which the contraction and expansion of air is made to measure changes of temperature. — Air threads, gossamer. — Air trap, a contrivance for shutting off foul air or gas from drains, sewers, etc.; a stench trap. — Air trunk, a pipe or shaft for conducting foul or heated air from a room. — Air valve, a valve to regulate the admission or egress of air; esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and allows air to enter. — Air way, a passage for a current of air; as the air way of an air pump; an air way in a mine. — In the air. (a) Prevalent without traceable origin or authority, as rumors. (b) Not in a fixed or stable position; unsettled. (c) (Mil.) Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as, the army had its wing in the air. — To take air, to be divulged; to be made public. — To take the air, to go abroad; to walk or ride out.

AIR
Air, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aired; p. pr. & vb. n. Airing.] Etym: [See
Air, n., and cf. A.]

1. To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing, or purifying; to ventilate; as, to air a room. It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were aired. Bacon. Were you but riding forth to air yourself. Shak.

2. To expose for the sake of public notice; to display ostentatiously; as, to air one's opinion. Airing a snowy hand and signet gem. Tennyson.

3. To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling dampness, or of warming; as, to air linen; to air liquors.

AIR BED
Air" bed`.

Defn: A sack or matters inflated with air, and used as a bed.

AIR BLADDER
Air" blad`der.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: An air sac, sometimes double or variously lobed, in the visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in the same way as the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in the adult may retain a tubular connection with the pharynx or esophagus.

2. A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or plant; also an air hole in a casting.

AIR BRAKE
Air" brake`. (Mach.)

Defn: A railway brake operated by condensed air. Knight.

AIR BRUSH
Air brush.

Defn: A kind of atomizer for applying liquid coloring matter in a spray by compressed air.

AIR-BUILT
Air"-built`, a.

Defn: Erected in the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; as, an air-built castle.

AIR CELL
Air" cell`.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air only.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A receptacle of air in various parts of the system; as, a cell or minute cavity in the walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air sac of birds; a dilatation of the air vessels in insects.

AIR CHAMBER
Air" cham`ber.

1. A chamber or cavity filled with air, in an animal or plant.

2. A cavity containing air to act as a spring for equalizing the flow of a liquid in a pump or other hydraulic machine.

AIR COCK
Air" cock`.

Defn: A faucet to allow escape of air.

AIR COOLING
Air cooling.

Defn: In gasoline-engine motor vehicles, the cooling of the cylinder by increasing its radiating surface by means of ribs or radiators, and placing it so that it is exposed to a current of air. Cf. Water cooling. — Air"-cooled`, a.

AIRCRAFT
Air"craft`, n. sing. & pl.

Defn: Any device, as a balloon, aëroplane, etc., for floating in, or flying through, the air.

AIR-DRAWN
Air"-drawn", a.

Defn: Drawn in air; imaginary.
This is the air-drawn dagger. Shak.

AIR DRILL
Air" drill`.

Defn: A drill driven by the elastic pressure of condensed air; a pneumatic drill. Knight.

AIR ENGINE
Air" engine`.

Defn: An engine driven by heated or by compressed air. Knight.

AIRER
Air"er, n.

1. One who exposes to the air.

2. A frame on which clothes are aired or dried.

AIR GAP
Air gap. (Physics)

Defn: An air-filled gap in a magnetic or electric circuit; specif., in a dynamo or motor, the space between the field-magnet poles and the armature; clearance.

AIR GAS
Air" gas`.

Defn: See under Gas.

AIR GUN
Air" gun`.

Defn: A kind of gun in which the elastic force of condensed air is used to discharge the ball. The air is powerfully compressed into a reservoir attached to the gun, by a condensing pump, and is controlled by a valve actuated by the trigger.

AIR HOLE
Air" hole`.

1. A hole to admit or discharge air; specifically, a spot in the ice not frozen over.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A fault in a casting, produced by a bubble of air; a blowhole.

AIRILY
Air"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In an airy manner; lightly; gaily; jauntily; fippantly.

AIRINESS
Air"i*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being airy; openness or exposure to the air; as, the airiness of a country seat.

2. Lightness of spirits; gayety; levity; as, the airiness of young persons.

AIRING
Air"ing, n.

1. A walk or a ride in the open air; a short excursion for health's sake.

2. An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming, drying, etc.; as, the airing of linen, or of a room.

AIR JACKET
Air" jack`et.

Defn: A jacket having air-tight cells, or cavities which can be filled with air, to render persons buoyant in swimming.

AIRLESS
Air"less, a.

Defn: Not open to a free current of air; wanting fresh air, or communication with the open air.

AIR LEVEL
Air" lev`el.

Defn: Spirit level. See Level.

AIRLIKE
Air"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling air.

AIR LINE
Air line.

Defn: A path through the air made easy for aërial navigation by steady winds.

AIRLING
Air"ling, n.

Defn: A thoughtless, gay person. [Obs.] "Slight airlings." B. Jonson.

AIRMAN
Air"man, n.

Defn: A man who ascends or flies in an aircraft; a flying machine pilot.

AIRMANSHIP
Air"man*ship, n.

Defn: Art, skill, or ability in the practice of aërial navigation.

AIROL
Air"ol, n. (Pharm.)

Defn: A grayish green antiseptic powder, consisting of a basic iodide and gallate of bismuth, sometimes used in place of iodoform. [A Trademark]

AIROMETER
Air*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Air + -meter.]

Defn: A hollow cylinder to contain air. It is closed above and open below, and has its open end plunged into water.

AIR PIPE
Air" pipe`.

Defn: A pipe for the passage of air; esp. a ventilating pipe.

AIR PLANT
Air" plant`. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant deriving its sustenance from the air alone; an aërophyte.

Note: The "Florida moss" (Tillandsia), many tropical orchids, and most mosses and lichens are air plants. Those which are lodged upon trees, but not parasitic on them, are epiphytes.

AIR POISE
Air" poise`. Etym: [See Poise.]

Defn: A

AIR PUMP
Air" pump`.

1. (Physics)

Defn: A kind of pump for exhausting air from a vessel or closed space; also, a pump to condense air of force in into a closed space.

2. (Steam Engines)

Defn: A pump used to exhaust from a condenser the condensed steam, the water used for condensing, and any commingled air.

AIR SAC
Air" sac`. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the spaces in different parts. of the bodies of birds, which are filled with air and connected with the air passages of the lungs; an air cell.

AIR SHAFT
Air" shaft`.

Defn: A passage, usually vertical, for admitting fresh air into a mine or a tunnel.

AIRSICK
Air`sick`, a.

Defn: Affected with aërial sickness. — Air"sick`ness, n.

AIR-SLACKED
Air"-slacked`, a.

Defn: Slacked, or pulverized, by exposure to the air; as, air-slacked lime.

AIR STOVE
Air" stove`.

Defn: A stove for heating a current of air which is directed against its surface by means of pipes, and then distributed through a building.

AIR-TIGHT
Air"-tight`, a.

Defn: So tight as to be impermeable to air; as, an air-tight cylinder.

AIR-TIGHT
Air"-tight`, n.

Defn: A stove the draft of which can be almost entirely shut off.
[Colloq. U. S.]

AIR VESSEL
Air" ves`sel.

Defn: A vessel, cell, duct, or tube containing or conducting air; as the air vessels of insects, birds, plants, etc.; the air vessel of a pump, engine, etc. For the latter, see Air chamber. The air vessels of insects are called tracheæ, of plants spiral vessels.

AIRWARD; AIRWARDS
Air"ward, Air"wards, adv.

Defn: Toward the air; upward. [R.] Keats.

AIRWOMAN
Air"wom`an, n.

Defn: A woman who ascends or flies in an aircraft.

AIRY
Air"y, a.

1. Consisting of air; as, an airy substance; the airy parts of bodies.

2. Relating or belonging to air; high in air; aërial; as, an airy flight. "The airy region." Milton.

3. Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air; breezy; as, an airy situation.

4. Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not material; airlike. "An airy spirit." Shak.

5. Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate; graceful; as, airy music.

6. Without reality; having no solid foundation; empty; trifling; visionary. "Airy fame." Shak. Empty sound, and airy notions. Roscommon.

7. Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant; superficial. "Merry and airy." Jer. Taylor.

8. Having an affected manner; being in the habit of putting on airs; affectedly grand. [Colloq.]

9. (Paint.)

Defn: Having the light and aërial tints true to nature. Elmes.

AISLE Aisle, n. Etym: [OF. ele, F. aile, wing, wing of a building, L. ala, contr. fr. axilla.] (Arch.) (a) A lateral division of a building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall containing windows, called the clearstory wall. (b) Improperly used also for the have; — as in the phrases, a church with three aisles, the middle aisle. (c) Also (perhaps from confusion with alley), a passage into which the pews of a church open.

AISLED
Aisled, a.

Defn: Furnished with an aisle or aisles.

AISLESS
Ais"less, a.

Defn: Without an aisle.

AIT
Ait, n. Etym: [AS. ieg, ig, island. See Eyot.]

Defn: An islet, or little isle, in a river or lake; an eyot.
The ait where the osiers grew. R. Hodges (1649).
Among green aits and meadows. Dickens.

AIT
Ait, n.

Defn: Oat. [Scot.] Burns.

AITCH
Aitch, n.

Defn: The letter h or H.

AITCHBONE
Aitch"bone`, n. Etym: [For nachebone. For loss of n, cf. Adder. See
Natch.]

Defn: The bone of the rump; also, the cut of beef surrounding this bone. [Spelt also edgebone.]

AITIOLOGY
Ai`ti*ol"o*gy, n.

Defn: See Ætiology.

AJAR A*jar", adv. Etym: [OE. on char ajar, on the turn; AS. cerr, cyrr, turn, akin to G. kehren to turn, and to D. akerre. See Char.]

Defn: Slightly turned or opened; as, the door was standing ajar.

AJAR
A*jar", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + jar.]

Defn: In a state of discord; out of harmony; as, he is ajar with the world.

AJAVA
Aj"a*va, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Ajouan.

AJOG
A*jog", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + jog.]

Defn: On the jog.

AJOUAN; AJOWAN
Aj"ou*an Aj"ow*an, n. [Written also ajwain.] [Prob. native name.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of Ammi Copticum, syn. Carum Ajowan, used both as a medicine and as a condiment. An oil containing thymol is extracted from it. Called also Javanee seed, Javanese seed, and ajava.

AJUTAGE
Aj"u*tage, n. Etym: [F. ajutage, for ajoutage, fr. ajouter to add,
LL. adjuxtare, fr. L. ad + juxta near to, nigh. Cf. Adjutage,
Adjustage, Adjust.]

Defn: A tube through which is water is discharged; an efflux tube; as, the ajutage of a fountain.

AKE
Ake, n. & v.

Defn: See Ache.

AKENE
A*kene", n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Achene.

AKETON
Ak"e*ton, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Acton.

AKIMBO
A*kim"bo, a. Etym: [Etymology unknown. Cf. Kimbo.]

Defn: With a crook or bend; with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward. "With one arm akimbo." Irving.

AKIN
A*kin", a. Etym: [Pref. a- (for of) + kin.]

1. Of the same kin; related by blood; — used of persons; as, the two families are near akin.

2. Allied by nature; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind. "A joy akin to rapture." Cowper. The literary character of the work is akin to its moral character. Jeffrey.

Note: This adjective is used only after the noun.

AKINESIA
Ak`i*ne"si*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Paralysis of the motor nerves; loss of movement. Foster.

AKINESIC
Ak`i*ne"sic, a. (med.)

Defn: Pertaining to akinesia.

AKNEE
A*knee", adv.

Defn: On the knee. [R.] Southey.

AKNOW
Ak*now".

Defn: Earlier form of Acknow. [Obs.] To be aknow, to acknowledge; to confess. [Obs.]

AL
Al, a.

Defn: All. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AL-
Al-. A prefix. (a) Etym: [AS. eal.]

Defn: All; wholly; completely; as, almighty,almost. (b) Etym: [L. ad.]

Defn: To; at; on; — in OF. shortened to a-. See Ad-. (c) The Arabic definite article answering to the English the; as, Alkoran, the Koran or the Book; alchemy, the chemistry.

AL
Al. conj.

Defn: Although; if. [Obs.] See All, conj.

ALA
A"la, n.; pl. Alæ. Etym: [L., a wing.] (Biol.)

Defn: A winglike organ, or part.

ALABAMA PERIOD
Al`a*ba"ma pe"ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: A period in the American eocene, the lowest in the tertiary age except the lignitic.

ALABASTER Al"a*bas"ter, n. Etym: [L. alabaster, Gr. Alabastron, the name of a town in Egypt, near which it was common: cf. OF. alabastre, F. albâtre.]

1. (Min.) (a) A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel ornaments, etc. (b) A hard, compact variety of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades of color; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by Pliny. It is sometimes distinguished as oriental alabaster.

2. A box or vessel for holding odoriferous ointments, etc.; — so called from the stone of which it was originally made. Fosbroke.

ALABASTRIAN
Al`a*bas"tri*an, a.

Defn: Alabastrine.

ALABASTRINE
Al`a*bas"trine, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, alabaster; as alabastrine limbs.

ALABASTRUM
Al`a*bas"trum, n.; pl. Alabastra. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A flower bud. Gray.

ALACK A*lack", interj. Etym: [Prob. from ah! lack! OE. lak loss, failure, misfortune. See Lack.]

Defn: An exclamation expressive of sorrow. [Archaic. or Poet.] Shak.

ALACKADAY
A*lack"a*day`, interj. Etym: [For alack the day. Cf. Lackaday.]

Defn: An exclamation expressing sorrow.

Note: Shakespeare has "alack the day" and "alack the heavy day."
Compare "woe worth the day."

ALACRIFY
A*lac"ri*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. alacer, alacris, lively + -fly.]

Defn: To rouse to action; to inspirit.

ALACRIOUS
A*lac"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. alacer, alacris.]

Defn: Brisk; joyously active; lively.
'T were well if we were a little more alacrious. Hammond.

ALACRIOUSLY
A*lac"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: With alacrity; briskly.

ALACRIOUSNESS
A*lac"ri*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Alacrity. [Obs.] Hammond.

ALACRITY A*lac"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. alacritas, fr. alacer lively, eager, prob. akin to Gr. aljan zeal.]

Defn: A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous activity; briskness; sprightliness; as, the soldiers advanced with alacrity to meet the enemy. I have not that alacrity of spirit, Nor cheer of mind that I was wont to have. Shak.

ALADINIST A*lad"in*ist, n. Etym: [From Aladin, for Ala Eddin, i. e., height of religion, a learned divine under Mohammed II. and Bajazet II.]

Defn: One of a sect of freethinkers among the Mohammedans.

ALALIA
A*la"li*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. priv. + a talking; cf. speechless.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inability to utter articulate sounds, due either to paralysis of the larynx or to that form of aphasia, called motor, or ataxis, aphasia, due to loss of control of the muscles of speech.

ALALONGA; ALILONGHI
Al`a*lon"ga, or Al`i*lon"ghi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tunny. See Albicore.

ALAMIRE A`la*mi"re, n. Etym: [Compounded of a la mi re, names of notes in the musical scale.]

Defn: The lowest note but one in Guido Aretino's scale of music.

ALAMODALITY
Al`a*mo*dal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being à la mode; conformity to the mode or fashion; fashionableness. [R.] Southey.

ALAMODE
Al"a*mode`, adv. & a. Etym: [F. à la mode after the fashion.]

Defn: According to the fashion or prevailing mode. "Alamode beef shops." Macaulay.

ALAMODE
Al"a*mode`, n.

Defn: A thin, black silk for hoods, scarfs, etc.; — often called simply mode. Buchanan.

ALAMORT
Al`a*mort", a. Etym: [F. à la mort to the death. Cf. Amort.]

Defn: To the death; mortally.

ALAN
A*lan", n. Etym: [OF. alan, alant; cf. Sp. alano.]

Defn: A wolfhound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALAND
A*land", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + land.]

Defn: On land; to the land; ashore. "Cast aland." Sir P. Sidney.

ALANINE Al"a*nine, n. Etym: [Aldehyde + the ending -ine. The -n- is a euphonic insertion.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline base, C3H7NO2, derived from aldehyde ammonia.

ALANTIN
A*lan"tin, n. Etym: [G. alant elecampane, the Inula helenium of
Linnæus.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Inulin.

ALAR
A"lar, a. Etym: [L. alarius, fr. ala wing: cf. F. alaire.]

1. Pertaining to, or having, wings.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Axillary; in the fork or axil. Gray.

ALARM A*larm", n. Etym: [F. alarme, It. all' arme to arms ! fr. L. arma, pl., arms. See Arms, and cf. Alarum.]

1. A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy. Arming to answer in a night alarm. Shak.

2. Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger. Sound an alarm in my holy mountain. Joel ii. 1.

3. A sudden attack; disturbance; broil. [R.] "These home alarms." Shak. Thy palace fill with insults and alarms. Pope.

4. Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise. Alarm and resentment spread throughout the camp. Macaulay.

5. A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum. Alarm bell, a bell that gives notice on danger. — Alarm clock or watch, a clock or watch which can be so set as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from sleep, or excite attention. — Alarm gauge, a contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too low. — Alarm post, a place to which troops are to repair in case of an alarm.

Syn. — Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension; consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude. — Alarm, Fright, Terror, Consternation. These words express different degrees of fear at the approach of danger. Fright is fear suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it is unreflecting. Alarm is the hurried agitation of feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme exposure. Terror is agitating and excessive fear, which usually benumbs the faculties. Consternation is overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and amazement. Alarm agitates the feelings; terror disorders the understanding and affects the will; fright seizes on and confuses the sense; consternation takes possession of the soul, and subdues its faculties. See Apprehension.

ALARM
A*larm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alarmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Alarming.]
Etym: [Alarm, n. Cf. F. alarmer.]

1. To call to arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the alert.

2. To keep in excitement; to disturb.

3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear. Alarmed by rumors of military preparation. Macaulay.

ALARMABLE
A*larm"a*ble, a.

Defn: Easily alarmed or disturbed.

ALARMED
A*larmed", a.

Defn: Aroused to vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger; agitated; disturbed; as, an alarmed neighborhood; an alarmed modesty. The white pavilions rose and fell On the alarmed air. Longfellow.

ALARMEDLY
A*larm"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an alarmed manner.

ALARMING
A*larm"ing, a.

Defn: Exciting, or calculated to excite, alarm; causing apprehension of danger; as, an alarming crisis or report. — A*larm"ing*ly, adv.

ALARMIST
A*larm"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alarmiste.]

Defn: One prone to sound or excite alarms, especially, needless alarms. Macaulay.

ALARUM
A*lar"um, n. Etym: [OE. alarom, the same word as alarm, n.]

Defn: See Alarm. [Now Poetic]

Note: The variant form alarum is now commonly restricted to an alarm signal or the mechanism to sound an alarm (as in an alarm clock.)

ALARY
Al"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. alarius, fr. ala wing.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to wings; also, wing-shaped.
The alary system of insects. Wollaston.

ALAS
A*las", interj. Etym: [OE. alas, allas, OF. alas, F. hélas; a interj.
(L. ah.) + las wretched (that I am), L. lassus weary, akin to E.
late. See Late.]

Defn: An exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil; — in old writers, sometimes followed by day or white; alas the day, like alack a day, or alas the white.

ALATE
A*late", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + late.]

Defn: Lately; of late. [Archaic]
There hath been alate such tales spread abroad. Latimer.

ALATE; ALATED
A"late, A"la*ted, a. Etym: [L. alatus, from ala wing.]

Defn: Winged; having wings, or side appendages like wings.

ALATERN; ALATERNUS
Al"a*tern, Al`a*ter"nus, n. Etym: [L. ala wing + terni three each.]
(Bot.)

Defn: An ornamental evergreen shrub (Rhamnus alaternus) belonging to the buckthorns.

ALATION
A*la"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. alatus winged.]

Defn: The state of being winged.

ALAUNT
A*launt", n.

Defn: See Alan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALB
Alb, n. Etym: [OE. albe, LL. alba, fr. L. albus white. Cf. Album and
Aube.]

Defn: A vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the person; — in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least by clerics, in daily life.

ALBACORE
Al"ba*core, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Albicore.

ALBAN
Al"ban, n. Etym: [L. albus white.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline resinous substance extracted from gutta- percha by the action of alcohol or ether.

ALBANIAN
Al*ba"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey.
 — n.

Defn: A native of Albania.

ALBATA Al*ba"ta, n. Etym: [L. albatus, p. p. of albare to make white, fr. albus white.]

Defn: A white metallic alloy; which is made into spoons, forks, teapots, etc. British plate or German silver. See German silver, under German.

ALBATROSS Al"ba*tross, n. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. Pg. alcatraz cormorant, albatross, or Sp. alcatraz a pelican: cf. Pg. alcatruz, Sp. arcaduz, a bucket, fr. Ar. al-qadus the bucket, fr. Gr. ka`dos, a water vessel. So an Arabic term for pelican is water-carrier, as a bird carrying water in its pouch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A web-footed bird, of the genus Diomedea, of which there are several species. They are the largest of sea birds, capable of long- continued flight, and are often seen at great distances from the land. They are found chiefly in the southern hemisphere.

ALBE; ALBEE
Al`be", Al`bee", conj. Etym: [See Albeit.]

Defn: Although; albeit. [Obs.]
Albe Clarissa were their chiefest founderess. Spenser.

ALBEDO
Al*be"do, n. Etym: [L., fr. albus white.]

Defn: Whiteness. Specifically: (Astron.) The ratio which the light reflected from an unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that surface.

ALBEIT
Al`be"it, conj. Etym: [OE. al be although it be, where al is our all.
Cf. Although.]

Defn: Even though; although; notwithstanding. Chaucer.
Albeit so masked, Madam, I love the truth. Tennyson.

ALBERTITE
Al"bert*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A bituminous mineral resembling asphaltum, found in the county of A.

ALBERT WARE
Al"bert ware.

Defn: A soft ornamental terra-cotta pottery, sold in the biscuit state for decorating.

ALBERTYPE
Al"ber*type, n. Etym: [From the name of the inventor, Albert, of
Munich.]

Defn: A picture printed from a kind of gelatine plate produced by means of a photographic negative.

ALBESCENCE
Al*bes"cence, n.

Defn: The act of becoming white; whitishness.

ALBESCENT Al*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. albescens, p. pr. of albescere to grow white, fr. albus white.]

Defn: Becoming white or whitish; moderately white.

ALBICANT Al"bi*cant, a. Etym: [L. albicans, p. pr. of albicare, albicatum, to be white, fr. albus white.]

Defn: Growing or becoming white.

ALBICATION
Al`bi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The process of becoming white, or developing white patches, or streaks.

ALBICORE Al"bi*core, n. Etym: [F. albicore (cf. Sp. albacora, Pg. albacor, albacora, albecora), fr. Ar. bakr, bekr, a young camel, young cow, heifer, and the article al: cf. Pg. bacoro a little pig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name applied to several large fishes of the Mackerel family, esp. Orcynus alalonga. One species (Orcynus thynnus), common in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, is called in New England the horse mackerel; the tunny. [Written also albacore.]

ALBIFICATION Al`bi*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. albification: L. albus white + ficare (only in comp.), facere, to make.]

Defn: The act or process of making white. [Obs.]

ALBIGENSES; ALBIGEOIS Al`bi*gen"ses, Al`bi`geois", n. pl. Etym: [From Albi and Albigeois, a town and its district in the south of France, in which the sect abounded.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A sect of reformers opposed to the church of Rome in the 12th centuries.

Note: The Albigenses were a branch of the Catharists (the pure). They were exterminated by crusades and the Inquisition. They were distinct from the Waldenses.

ALBIGENSIAN
Al`bi*gen"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Albigenses.

ALBINESS
Al*bi"ness, n.

Defn: A female albino. Holmes.

ALBINISM
Al"bi*nism, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being an albino: abinoism; leucopathy.

ALBINISTIC
Al`bi*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Affected with albinism.

ALBINO Al*bi"no, n.; pl. Albinos. Etym: [Sp. or Pg. albino, orig. whitish, fr. albo white, L. albus.]

Defn: A person, whether negro, Indian, or white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice, elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the absence of chlorophyll. Amer. Cyc.

Note: The term was originally applied by the Portuguese to negroes met with on the coast of Africa, who were mottled with white spots.

ALBINOISM
Al*bi"no*ism, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being an albino; albinism.

ALBINOTIC
Al`bi*not"ic, a.

Defn: Affected with albinism.

ALBION Al"bi*on, n. Etym: [Prob. from the same root as Gael. alp a height or hill. "It may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white cliffs visible from the coast of Gaul. Albany, the old name of Scotland, means probably the "hilly land." I. Taylor.]

Defn: An ancient name of England, still retained in poetry.
In that nook-shotten isle of Albion. Shak.

ALBITE
Al"bite, n. Etym: [L. albus white.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See Feldspar.

ALBOLITH
Al"bo*lith, n. Etym: [L. albus white + -lith.]

Defn: A kind of plastic cement, or artificial stone, consisting chiefly of magnesia and silica; — called also albolite.

ALBORAK
Al"bo*rak, n. Etym: [Ar. al-buraq, fr. baraqa to flash, shine.]

Defn: The imaginary milk-white animal on which Mohammed was said to have been carried up to heaven; a white mule.

ALB SUNDAY
Alb Sunday. (Eccl.)

Defn: The first Sunday after Easter Sunday, properly Albless Sunday, because in the early church those who had been baptized on Easter eve laid aside on the following Saturday their white albs which had been put on after baptism.

ALBUGINEOUS
Al`bu*gin"e*ous, a. Etym: [See Albugo.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or resembling, the white of the eye, or of an egg; albuminous; — a term applied to textures, humors, etc., which are perfectly white.

ALBUGO
Al*bu"go, n.; pl. Albugines. Etym: [L., whiteness, fr. albus white.]
(Med.)

Defn: Same as Leucoma.

ALBUM
Al"bum, n. Etym: [L., neut. of albus white: cf. F. album. Cf. Alb.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names, etc.

2. A register for visitors' names; a visitors' book.

3. A blank book, in which to insert autographs sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.

ALBUMEN
Al*bu"men, n. Etym: [L., fr. albus white.]

1. The white of an egg.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Nourishing matter stored up within the integuments of the seed in many plants, but not incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury part in corn, wheat, and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds, the fleshy part in the cocoanut, etc.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Albumin.

ALBUMENIZE
Al*bu"men*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Albumenized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Albumenizing.]

Defn: To cover or saturate with albumen; to coat or treat with an albuminous solution; as, to albuminize paper.

ALBUM GRAECUM
Al"bum Græ"cum. Etym: [L., Greek white.]

Defn: Dung of dogs or hyenas, which becomes white by exposure to air.
It is used in dressing leather, and was formerly used in medicine.

ALBUMIN
Al*bu"min, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief and characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum of blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and solid, also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated by heat ad by certain chemical reagents. Acid albumin, a modification of albumin produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by heat. — Alkali albumin, albumin as modified by the action of alkaline substances; — called also albuminate.

ALBUMINATE
Al*bu"mi*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance produced by the action of an alkali upon albumin, and resembling casein in its properties; also, a compound formed by the union of albumin with another substance.

ALBUMINIFEROUS
Al*bu`mi*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. albumen + -ferous.]

Defn: Supplying albumen.

ALBUMINIMETER Al*bu`mi*nim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. albumen, albuminis + -meter: cf. F. albuminimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of albumen in a liquid.

ALBUMININ
Al*bu"mi*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The substance of the cells which inclose the white of birds' eggs.

ALBUMINIPAROUS Al*bu`mi*nip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. albumen + parere to bear, bring forth.]

Defn: Producing albumin.

ALBUMINOID
Al*bu"mi*noid, a. Etym: [L. albumen + -oid.] (Chem.)

Defn: Resembling albumin.
 — n.

Defn: One of a class of organic principles (called also proteids) which form the main part of organized tissues. Brunton.

ALBUMINOIDAL
Al*bu`mi*noid"al, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of the nature of an albuminoid.

ALBUMINOSE
Al*bu"mi*nose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A diffusible substance formed from albumin by the action of natural or artificial gastric juice. See Peptone.

ALBUMINOSIS
Al*bu`mi*no"sis, n. [NL., fr. E. albumin.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition due to excessive increase of albuminous elements in the blood.

ALBUMINOUS; ALBUMINOSE
Al*bu"mi*nous, Al*bu"mi*nose`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. albumineux.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, albumen; having the properties of, or resembling, albumen or albumin. — Al*bu"mi*nous*ness, n.

ALBUMINURIA
Al*bu`mi*nu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. albumen + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition in which albumin is present in the urine.

ALBUMOSE
Al"bu*mose`, n. Etym: [From albumin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound or class of compounds formed from albumin by dilute acids or by an acid solution of pepsin. Used also in combination, as antialbumose, hemialbumose.

ALBURN
Al"burn, n. Etym: [L. alburnus, fr. L. albus white. Cf. Auburn.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The bleak, a small European fish having scales of a peculiarly silvery color which are used in making artificial pearls.

ALBURNOUS
Al*bur"nous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to alburnum; of the alburnum; as, alburnous substances.

ALBURNUM
Al*bur"num, n. Etym: [L., fr. albus white.] (Bot.)

Defn: The white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wood or duramen; sapwood.

ALBYN
Al"byn, n. Etym: [See Albion.]

Defn: Scotland; esp. the Highlands of Scotland. T. Cambell.

ALCADE
Al*cade", n.

Defn: Same as Alcaid.

ALCAHEST
Al"ca*hest, n.

Defn: Same as Alkahest.

ALCAIC
Al*ca"ic, a. Etym: [L. Alcaïcus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Alcæus, a lyric poet of Mitylene, about 6000 b. c. — n. A kind of verse, so called from Alcæus. One variety consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a long syllable, and two dactyls.

ALCAID; ALCAYDE Al*caid", Al*cayde", n. Etym: [Sp. alcaide, fr. Ar. al-qa\'c6d governor, fr. qada to lead, govern.]

1. A commander of a castle or fortress among the Spaniards, Portuguese, and Moors.

2. The warden, or keeper of a jail.

ALCALDE Al*cal"de, n. Etym: [Sp. alcalde, fr. Ar. al-qadi judge, fr. qada to decide, judge. Hence, the cadi of the Turks. Cf. Cadi.]

Defn: A magistrate or judge in Spain and in Spanish America, etc.
Prescott.

Note: Sometimes confounded with Alcaid.

ALCALDIA
Al`cal*di"a, n. [Sp. Alcaldía.]

Defn: The jurisdiction or office of an alcalde; also, the building or chamber in which he conducts the business of his office.

ALCALIMETER
Al`ca*lim"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Alkalimeter.

ALCANNA Al*can"na, n. Etym: [Sp. alcana, alhe, fr. Ar. al-hinna. See Henna, and cf. Alkanet.] (Bot.)

Defn: An oriental shrub (Lawsonia inermis) from which henna is obtained.

ALCARRAZA Al`car*ra"za, n.; pl. Alcarrazas. Etym: [Sp., from Ar. al-kurraz earthen vessel.]

Defn: A vessel of porous earthenware, used for cooling liquids by evaporation from the exterior surface.

ALCAYDE
Al*cayde", n.

Defn: Same as Alcaid.

ALCAZAR
Al*ca"zar, n. Etym: [ fr. Ar. al the + qacr (in pl.) a castle.]

Defn: A fortress; also, a royal palace. Prescott.

ALCEDO
Al*ce"do, n. Etym: [L., equiv. to Gr. Halcyon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of perching birds, including the European kingfisher
(Alcedo ispida). See Halcyon.

ALCHEMIC; ALCHEMICAL
Al*chem"ic, Al*chem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alchimique.]

Defn: Of or relating to alchemy.

ALCHEMICALLY
Al*chem"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of alchemy.

ALCHEMIST
Al"che*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. alquemiste, F. alchimiste.]

Defn: One who practices alchemy.
You are alchemist; make gold. Shak.

ALCHEMISTIC; ALCHEMISTICAL
Al`che*mis"tic, Al`che*mis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to or practicing alchemy.
Metaphysical and alchemistical legislators. Burke.

ALCHEMISTRY
Al"che*mis*try, n.

Defn: Alchemy. [Obs.]

ALCHEMIZE
Al"che*mize, v. t.

Defn: To change by alchemy; to transmute. Lovelace.

ALCHEMY Al"che*my, n. Etym: [OF. alkemie, arquemie, F. alchimie, Ar. al- kimia, fr. late Gr. alquimia, It. alchimia. Gr. fundere to pour, Goth. guitan, AS. geótan, to pour, and so to E. fuse. See Fuse, and cf. Chemistry.]

1. An imaginary art which aimed to transmute the baser metals into gold, to find the panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It led the way to modern chemistry.

2. A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly used for various utensils; hence, a trumpet. [Obs.] Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy. Milton.

3. Miraculous power of transmuting something common into something precious. Kissing with golden face the meadows green, Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy. Shak.

ALCHYMIC; ALCHYMIST; ALCHYMISTIC; ALCHYMY
Al*chym"ic, a., Al"chy*mist, n., Al`chy*mis"tic, a., Al"chy*my, n.

Defn: See Alchemic, Alchemist, Alchemistic, Alchemy.

ALCO
Al"co, n.

Defn: A small South American dog, domesticated by the aborigines.

ALCOATE; ALCOHATE
Al"co*ate, Al"co*hate, n.

Defn: Shortened forms of Alcoholate.

ALCOHOL Al"co*hol, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in Arabia. The Sp. word has bot meanings. Cf. Alquifou.]

1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]

2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation. [Obs.] Boyle.

3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation.

Note: As used in the U. S. "Pharmacopoeia, alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water.

4. (Organic Chem.)

Defn: A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH); methyl forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.

ALCOHOLATE
Al"co*hol*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcolaie.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystallizable compound of a salt with alcohol, in which the latter plays a part analogous to that of water of crystallization. Graham.

ALCOHOLATURE
Al`co*hol"a*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcoolature.] (Med.)

Defn: An alcoholic tincture prepared with fresh plants. New Eng.
Dict.

ALCOHOLIC
Al`co*hol"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcolique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol; containing alcohol; as, alcoholic mixtures; alcoholic gastritis; alcoholic odor.

ALCOHOLIC
Al`co*hol"ic, n.

1. A person given to the use of alcoholic liquors.

2. pl.

Defn: Alcoholic liquors.

ALCOHOLISM
Al"co*hol*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcoolisme.] (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition of the system, brought about by the continued use of alcoholic liquors.

ALCOHOLIZATION
Al`co*hol`i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcoolisation.]

1. The act of reducing a substance to a fine or impalpable powder. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. The act rectifying spirit.

3. Saturation with alcohol; putting the animal system under the influence of alcoholic liquor.

ALCOHOLIZE
Al"co*hol*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alcoholized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alcoholizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. alcooliser.]

1. To reduce to a fine powder. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to saturate with alcohol.

ALCOHOLOMETER; ALCOHOLMETER
Al`co*hol*om"e*ter, Al`co*hol"me*ter, n. Etym: [Alcohol + -meter.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the strength of spirits, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the percentage of pure alcohol, either by weight or volume. It is usually a form of hydrometer with a special scale.

ALCOHOLOMETRIC; ALCOHOLOMETRICAL; ALCOHOLMETRICAL
Al`co*hol`o*met"ric, Al`co*hol`o*met"ric*al, Al`co*hol*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Relating to the alcoholometer or alcoholometry.
The alcoholometrical strength of spirituous liquors. Ure.

ALCOHOLOMETRY
Al`co*hol"om"e*try, n.

Defn: The process or method of ascertaining the proportion of pure alcohol which spirituous liquors contain.

ALCOHOMETER; ALCOHOMETRIC
Al`co*hom"e*ter, n., Al`co*ho*met"ric, a.

Defn: Same as Alcoholometer, Alcoholometric.

ALCOOMETRY; ALCOOEMETRY
Al`co*öm"e*try, n.

Defn: See Alcoholometry.

Note: The chemists say alcomètre, alcoomètrie, doubtless by the suppression of a syllable in order to avoid a disagreeable sequence of sounds. (Cf. Idolatry.) Littré.

ALCORAN Al"co*ran, n. Etym: [alcoran, fr. Ar. al-qoran, orig. the reading, the book, fr. qaraa to read. Cf. Koran.]

Defn: The Mohammedan Scriptures; the Koran (now the usual form).
[Spelt also Alcoran.]

ALCORANIC
Al`co*ran"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Koran.

ALCORANIST
Al`co*ran"ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the letter of the Koran, rejecting all traditions.

ALCORNOQUE
Al`cor*no"que, n. [Sp., cork tree.]

Defn: The bark of several trees, esp. of Bowdichia virgilioides of
Brazil, used as a remedy for consumption; of Byrsonima crassifolia,
used in tanning; of Alchornea latifolia, used medicinally; or of
Quercus ilex, the cork tree.

ALCOVE Al"cove, n. Etym: [F. alcôve, Sp. or Pg. alcoba, from Ar. al-quobbah arch, vault, tent.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A recessed portion of a room, or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library.

2. A small ornamental building with seats, or an arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower. Cowper.

3. Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or recess in an apartment. The youthful wanderers found a wild alcove. Falconer.

ALCYON
Al"cy*on, n.

Defn: See Halcyon.

ALCYONACEA
Al`cy*o*na"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which Alcyonium is the type. See Illust. under Alcyonaria.

ALCYONARIA
Al`cy*o*na"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Anthozoa. It includes the Alcyonacea,
Pennatulacea, and Gorgonacea.

ALCYONES
Al*cy"o*nes, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of Alcyon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The kingfishers.

ALCYONIC
Al`cy*on"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Alcyonaria.

ALCYONIUM
Al`cy*o"ni*um, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fleshy Alcyonaria, its polyps somewhat resembling flowers with eight fringed rays. The term was also formerly used for certain species of sponges.

ALCYONOID
Al"cy*o*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Alcyonaria.
 — n.

Defn: A zoöphyte of the order Alcyonaria.

ALDAY
Al"day, adv.

Defn: Continually. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALDEBARAN Al*deb"a*ran, n. Etym: [Ar. al-debaran, fr. dabar to follow; so called because this star follows upon the Pleiades.] (Astron.)

Defn: A red star of the first magnitude, situated in the eye of
Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright star in the group called the
Hyades.
Now when Aldebaran was mounted high Above the shiny Cassiopeia's
chair. Spenser.

ALDEHYDE Al"de*hyde, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. alcohol dehydrogenatum, alcohol deprived of its hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain of oxidation.

Note: The aldehydes are intermediate between the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common aldehyde (called also acetic aldehyde or ethyl aldehyde), C2H4O; methyl aldehyde, CH2O. Aldehyde ammonia (Chem.), a compound formed by the union of aldehyde with ammonia.

ALDEHYDIC
Al`de*hy"dic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to aldehyde; as, aldehydic acid. Miller.

ALDER
Al"der, n. Etym: [OE. aldir, aller, fr. AS. alr, aler, alor, akin to
D. els, G. erle, Icel. erlir, erli, Swed. al, Dan. elle, el, L.
alnus, and E. elm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees. Black alder. (a) A European shrub (Rhamnus frangula); Alder buckthorn. (b) An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata), bearing red berries.

ALDER; ALLER Al"der, Al"ler, a. Etym: [From ealra, alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The d is excrescent.]

Defn: Of all; — used in composition; as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest, wisest of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALDER FLY
Al"der fly.

1. Any of numerous neuropterous insects of the genus Sialis or allied genera. They have aquatic larvæ, which are used for bait.

2. (Angling) An artificial fly with brown mottled wings, body of peacock harl, and black legs.

ALDER-LIEFEST
Al`der-lief"est, a. Etym: [For allerliefest dearest of all. See
Lief.]

Defn: Most beloved. [Obs.] Shak.

ALDERMAN Al"der*man, n.; pl. Aldplwmen. Etym: [AS. aldormon, ealdorman; ealdor an elder + man. See Elder, n.]

1. A senior or superior; a person of rank or dignity. [Obs.]

Note: The title was applied, among the Anglo-Saxons, to princes, dukes, earls, senators, and presiding magistrates; also to archbishops and bishops, implying superior wisdom or authority. Thus Ethelstan, duke of the East-Anglians, was called Alderman of all England; and there were aldermen of cities, counties, and castles, who had jurisdiction within their respective districts.

3. One of a board or body of municipal officers next in order to the mayor and having a legislative function. They may, in some cases, individually exercise some magisterial and administrative functions.

ALDERMANCY
Al"der*man*cy, n.

Defn: The office of an alderman.

ALDERMANIC
Al"der*man"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic of an alderman.

ALDERMANITY
Al`der*man"i*ty, n.

1. Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen.

2. The state of being an alderman. [Jocular]

ALDERMANLIKE
Al`der*man*like`, a.

Defn: Like or suited to an alderman.

ALDERMANLY
Al"der*man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an alderman.

ALDERMANLY
Al"der*man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an alderman. "An aldermanly discretion." Swift.

ALDERMANRY
Al"der*man*ry, n.

1. The district or ward of an alderman.

2. The office or rank of an alderman. [R.] B. Jonson.

ALDERMANSHIP
Al"der*man*ship, n.

Defn: The condition, position, or office of an alderman. Fabyan.

ALDERN
Al"dern, a.

Defn: Made of alder.

ALDERNEY
Al"der*ney, n.

Defn: One of a breed of cattle raised in Alderney, one of the Channel
Islands. Alderneys are of a dun or tawny color and are often called
Jersey cattle. See Jersey, 3.

ALDINE
Al"dine, a. (Bibliog.)

Defn: An epithet applied to editions (chiefly of the classics) which proceeded from the press of Aldus Manitius, and his family, of Venice, for the most part in the 16th century and known by the sign of the anchor and the dolphin. The term has also been applied to certain elegant editions of English works.

ALDOL
Al"dol, n. [Aldehyde + -ol as in alcohol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid, C4H8O2, obtained by condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde: CH3CHO + CH3CHO = H3CH(OH)CH2CO; also, any of various derivatives of this. The same reaction has been applied, under the name of aldol condensation, to the production of many compounds.

ALE Ale, n. Etym: [AS. ealu, akin to Icel., Sw., and Dan. öl, Lith. alus a kind of beer, OSlav. ol beer. Cf. Ir. ol drink, drinking.]

1. An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops.

Note: The word ale, in England and the United States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor, and the word beer a lighter kind. The word beer is also in common use as the generic name for all malt liquors.

2. A festival in English country places, so called from the liquor drunk. "At wakes and ales." B. Jonson."On ember eves and holy ales." Shak.

ALEAK
A*leak", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + leak.]

Defn: In a leaking condition.

ALEATORY
A"le*a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. aleatorius, fr. alea chance, die.] (Law)

Defn: Depending on some uncertain contingency; as, an aleatory contract. Bouvier.

ALEBENCH
Ale"bench`, n.

Defn: A bench in or before an alehouse. Bunyan.

ALEBERRY Ale"ber`ry, n. Etym: [OE. alebery, alebrey; ale + bre broth, fr. AS. briw pottage.]

Defn: A beverage, formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and
sops of bread.
Their aleberries, caudles, possets. Beau. & Fl.

ALECITHAL
A*lec"i*thal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Applied to those ova which segment uniformly, and which have little or no food yelk embedded in their protoplasm. Balfour.

ALECONNER Ale"con`ner, n. Etym: [/Ale + con, OE. cunnen to test, AS. cunnian to test. See Con.]

Defn: Orig., an officer appointed to look to the goodness of ale and beer; also, one of the officers chosen by the liverymen of London to inspect the measures used in public houses. But the office is a sinecure. [Also called aletaster.] [Eng.]

ALECOST
Ale"cost`, n. Etym: [Ale + L. costus an aromatic plant: cf.
Costmary.] (Bot.)

Defn: The plant costmary, which was formerly much used for flavoring ale.

ALECTORIDES
Al`ec*tor"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds including the common fowl and the pheasants.

ALECTOROMACHY
A*lec`to*rom"a*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Cockfighting.

ALECTOROMANCY
A*lec"to*ro*man`cy, n.

Defn: See Alectryomancy.

ALECTRYOMACHY
A*lec`try*oma*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Cockfighting.

ALECTRYOMANCY
A*lec"try*o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of a cock and grains of corn placed on the letters of the alphabet, the letters being put together in the order in which the grains were eaten. Amer. Cyc.

ALEE
A*lee", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + lee.] (Naut.)

Defn: On or toward the lee, or the side away from the wind; the opposite of aweather. The helm of a ship is alee when pressed close to the lee side. Hard alee, or Luff alee, an order to put the helm to the lee side.

ALEGAR
Al"e*gar, n. Etym: [Ale + eager sour, F. aigre. Cf. Vinegar.]

Defn: Sour ale; vinegar made of ale. Cecil.

ALEGER
Al"e*ger, a. Etym: [F. allègre, earlier alègre, fr. L. alacer.]

Defn: Gay; cheerful; sprightly. [Obs.] Bacon.

ALEGGE
A*legge", v. t. Etym: [OE. aleggen, alegen, OF. alegier, F. alléger,
fr. LL. alleviare, for L. allevare to lighten; ad + levis light. Cf.
Alleviate, Allay, Allege.]

Defn: To allay or alleviate; to lighten. [Obs.]
That shall alegge this bitter blast. Spenser.

ALEHOOF Ale"hoof`, n. Etym: [AS. h ground ivy; the first part is perh. a corruption: cf. OE. heyhowe hedgehove,

ground ivy, "in old MSS. heyhowe, heyoue, haihoue, halehoue." [Prior].

Defn: Ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma).

ALEHOUSE
Ale"house`, n.

Defn: A house where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house.
Macaulay.

ALE-KNIGHT
Ale"-knight`, n.

Defn: A pot companion. [Obs.]

ALEM
Al"em, n. [Turk. 'alem, fr. Ar. 'alam.] (Mil.)

Defn: The imperial standard of the Turkish Empire.

ALEMANNIC
Al`e*man"nic, a.

Defn: Belonging to the Alemanni, a confederacy of warlike German tribes.

ALEMANNIC
Al`e*man"nic, n.

Defn: The language of the Alemanni.
The Swabian dialect . . . is known as the Alemannic. Amer. Cyc.

ALEMBIC A*lem"bic, n. Etym: [F. alambic (cf. Sp. alambique), Ar. al-anbiq, fr. Gr. alembic proper. Cf. Limbec.]

Defn: An apparatus formerly used in distillation, usually made of
glass or metal. It has mostly given place to the retort and worm
still.
Used also metaphorically. The alembic of a great poet's imagination.
Brimley.

ALEMBROTH
A*lem"broth, n. Etym: [Origin uncertain.]

Defn: The salt of wisdom of the alchemists, a double salt composed of the chlorides of ammonium and mercury. It was formerly used as a stimulant. Brande & C.

ALENCON LACE
A`len`con" lace".

Defn: See under Lace.

ALENGTH
A*length", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + length.]

Defn: At full length; lenghtwise. Chaucer.

ALEPIDOTE
A*lep"i*dote, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Not having scales.
 — n.

Defn: A fish without scales.

ALEPOLE
Ale"pole`, n.

Defn: A pole set up as the sign of an alehouse. [Obs.]

ALEPPO BOIL; ALEPPO BUTTON; ALEPPO EVIL
A*lep"po boil, button, or evil. (Med.)

Defn: A chronic skin affection terminating in an ulcer, most commonly of the face. It is endemic along the Mediterranean, and is probably due to a specific bacillus. Called also Aleppo ulcer, Biskara boil, Delhi boil, Oriental sore, etc.

ALEPPO GRASS
Aleppo grass. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the cultivated forms of Andropogon Halepensis (syn.
Sorghum Halepense). See Andropogon, below.

ALERT A*lert", a. Etym: [F. alerte, earlier à l'erte on the watch, fr. It. all' erta on the watch, prop. (standing) on a height, where one can look around; erta a declivity, steep, erto steep, p. p. of ergere, erigere, to erect, raise, L. erigere. See Erect.]

1. Watchful; vigilant; active in vigilance.

2. Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity. An alert young fellow. Addison.

Syn.
 — Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.

ALERT
A*lert", n. (Mil.)

Defn: An alarm from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle sound to give warning. "We have had an alert." Farrow. On the alert, on the lookout or watch against attack or danger; ready to act.

ALERTLY
A*lert"ly, adv.

Defn: In an alert manner; nimbly.

ALERTNESS
A*lert"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity.

ALE SILVER
Ale" sil`ver.

Defn: A duty payable to the lord mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city.

ALESTAKE
Ale"stake, n.

Defn: A stake or pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse, as a sign; an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a bunch of leaves, or a "bush." [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALETASTER
Ale"tast`er, n.

Defn: See Aleconner. [Eng.]

ALETHIOLOGY
A*le`thi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the nature of truth and evidence.
Sir W. Hamilton.

ALETHOSCOPE
A*leth"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument for viewing pictures by means of a lens, so as to present them in their natural proportions and relations.

ALEUROMANCY
A*leu"ro*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. aleuromancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of flour. Encyc. Brit.

ALEUROMETER
Al`eu*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the expansive properties, or quality, of gluten in flour. Knight.

ALEURONAT
A*leu"ro*nat, n. [See Aleurone.]

Defn: Flour made of aleurone, used as a substitute for ordinary flour in preparing bread for diabetic persons.

ALEURONE
A*leu"rone, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An albuminoid substance which occurs in minute grains ("protein granules") in maturing seeds and tubers; — supposed to be a modification of protoplasm.

ALEURONIC
Al`eu*ron"ic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nature of aleurone. D. C. Eaton.

ALEUTIAN; ALEUTIC A*leu"tian, A*leu"tic, a. Etym: [Said to be from the Russ. aleut a bold rock.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chain of islands between Alaska and
Kamtchatka; also, designating these islands.

ALEVIN Al"e*vin, n. Etym: [F. alevin, OF. alever to rear, fr. L. ad + levare to raise.]

Defn: Young fish; fry.

ALEW
A*lew", n.

Defn: Halloo. [Obs.] Spenser.

ALEWIFE
Ale"wife`, n.; pl. Alewives.

Defn: A woman who keeps an alehouse. Gay.

ALEWIFE
Ale"wife`, n.; pl. Alewives. Etym: [This word is properly aloof, the
Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the culture of maize in
America, "Phil Trans." No. 142, p. 1065, and Baddam's "Memoirs," vol.
ii. p. 131.]Etym: (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American fish (Clupea vernalis) of the Herring family. It is called also ellwife, ellwhop, branch herring. The name is locally applied to other related species.

ALEXANDERS; ALISANDERS Al`ex*an"ders, Al`i*san"ders, n. Etym: [OE. alisaundre, OF. alissandere, fr. Alexander or Alexandria.] (Bot)

Defn: A name given to two species of the genus Smyrnium, formerly cultivated and used as celery now is; — called also horse parsely.

ALEXANDRIAN
Al`ex*an"dri*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; as, the Alexandrian library.

2. Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See Alexandrine, n.

ALEXANDRINE
Al`ex*an"drine, a.

Defn: Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian. Bancroft.

ALEXANDRINE
Al`ex*an"drine, n. Etym: [F. alexandrin.]

Defn: A kind of verse consisting in English of twelve syllables. The needless Alexandrine ends the song, That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along. Pope.

ALEXIA A*lex"i*a, n. [NL.; a- not + Gr. speech, fr. to speak, confused with L. legere to read.] (Med.) (a) As used by some, inability to read aloud, due to brain disease. (b) More commonly, inability, due to brain disease, to understand written or printed symbols although they can be seen, as in case of word blindness.

ALEXIPHARMAC; ALEXIPHARMACAL
A*lex`i*phar"mac, A*lex`i*phar"ma*cal, a. & n. Etym: [See
Alexipharmic.]

Defn: Alexipharmic. [Obs.]

ALEXIPHARMIC
A*lex`i*phar"mic, n. (Med.)

Defn: An antidote against poison or infection; a counterpoison.

ALEXIPHARMIC; ALEXIPHARMICAL
A*lex`i*phar"mic, A*lex`i*phar"mic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. alexipharmaque.]
(Med.)

Defn: Expelling or counteracting poison; antidotal.

ALEXIPYRETIC
A*lex`i*py*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile.
 — n.

Defn: A febrifuge.

ALEXITERIC
A*lex`i*ter"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. alexitère, LL. alexiterium.] (Med.)

Defn: A preservative against contagious and infectious diseases, and the effects of poison in general. Brande & C.

ALEXITERIC; ALEXITERICAL
A*lex`i*ter"ic, A*lex`i*ter"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. alexitère.] (med.)

Defn: Resisting poison; obviating the effects of venom; alexipharmic.

ALFA ; ALFA GRASS
Al"fa or Al"fa grass", n.

Defn: A plant (Macrochloa tenacissima) of North Africa; also, its fiber, used in paper making.

ALFALFA
Al*fal"fa, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: The lucern (Medicago sativa); — so called in California,
Texas, etc.

ALFENIDE
Al"fe*nide, n. (Metal.)

Defn: An alloy of nickel and silver electroplated with silver.

ALFERES
Al*fe"res, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. Ar. al-fars knight.]

Defn: An ensign; a standard bearer. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

ALFET Al"fet, n. Etym: [LL. alfetum, fr. AS. alfæt a pot to boil in; al burning + fæt vat.]

Defn: A caldron of boiling water into which an accused person plunged his forearm as a test of innocence or guilt.

ALFILARIA
Al*fil`a*ri"a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The pin grass (Erodium cicutarium), a weed in California.

ALFILERIA; ALFILERILLA
Al*fil`e*ri"a, Al*fil`e*ril"la, n. [Mex. Sp., fr. Sp. alfiler pin.]

Defn: Same as Alfilaria.

ALFIONE
Al`fi*o"ne, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edible marine fish of California (Rhacochilus toxotes).

ALFORJA
Al*for"ja, n. [Also alfarga, alforge.] [Sp.]

Defn: A saddlebag. [Sp. Amer.]

ALFRESCO
Al*fres"co, adv. & a. Etym: [It. al fresco in or on the fresh.]

Defn: In the open-air. Smollett.

ALGA
Al"ga, n.; pl. Algæ. Etym: [L., seaweed.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of seaweed; pl. the class of cellular cryptogamic plants which includes the black, red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse, sea lettuce, also marine and fresh water confervæ, etc.

ALGAL
Al"gal, a., (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, algæ.

ALGAROBA Al`ga*ro"ba, n. Etym: [Sp. algarroba, fr. Ar. al-kharr. Cf. Carob.] (Bot.) (a) The Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also, its edible beans or pods, called St. John's bread. (b) The Honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), a small tree found from California to Buenos Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable gum, resembling gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Texas and Mexico.

ALGAROT; ALGAROTH Al"ga*rot, Al"ga*roth, n. Etym: [F. algaroth, fr. the name of the inventor, Algarotti.] (Med.)

Defn: A term used for the Powder of Algaroth, a white powder which is a compound of trichloride and trioxide of antimony. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic, purgative, and diaphoretic.

ALGAROVILLA
Al`ga*ro*vil"la, n.

Defn: The agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South American tree (Inga Marthæ). It is valuable for tanning leather, and as a dye.

ALGATE; ALGATES Al"gate, Al"gates, adv. Etym: [All + gate way. The s is an adverbial ending. See Gate.]

1. Always; wholly; everywhere. [Obs.] Ulna now he algates must forego. Spenser.

Note: Still used in the north of England in the sense of "everywhere."

2. By any or means; at all events. [Obs.] Fairfax.

3. Notwithstanding; yet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALGAZEL
Al"ga*zel`, n. Etym: [Ar. al the + ghazal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The true gazelle.

ALGEBRA Al"ge*bra, n. Etym: [LL. algebra, fr. Ar. al-jebr reduction of parts to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. jabara to bind together, consolidate; al-jebr w'almuqabalah reduction and comparison (by equations): cf. F. algèbre, It. & Sp. algebra.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of magnitude.

2. A treatise on this science.

ALGEBRAIC; ALGEBRAICAL
Al`ge*bra"ic, Al`ge*bra"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of algebra, or deduced from such operation; as, algebraic characters; algebraical writings. Algebraic curve, a curve such that the equation which expresses the relation between the coördinates of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra; — opposed to a transcendental curve.

ALGEBRAICALLY
Al`ge*bra"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By algebraic process.

ALGEBRAIST
Al"ge*bra`ist, n.

Defn: One versed in algebra.

ALGEBRAIZE
Al"ge*bra*ize, v. t.

Defn: To perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.

ALGERIAN
Al*ge"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Algeria.
 — n.

Defn: A native of Algeria.

ALGERINE
Al`ge*rine", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Algiers or Algeria.

ALGERINE
Al`ge*rine", n.

Defn: A native or one of the people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a pirate.

ALGID Al"gid, a. Etym: [L. algidus cold, fr. algere to be cold: cf. F. algide.]

Defn: Cold; chilly. Bailey. Algid cholera (Med.), Asiatic cholera.

ALGIDITY
Al*gid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Chilliness; coldness; especially (Med.),

Defn: coldness and collapse.

ALGIDNESS
Al"gid*ness, n.

Defn: Algidity. [Obs.]

ALGIFIC
Al*gif"ic, a. Etym: [L. algificus, fr. algus cold + facere to make.]

Defn: Producing cold.

ALGIN
Al"gin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance resembling gelatin, obtained from certain algæ.

ALGOID
Al"goid, a. Etym: [L. alga + -oid.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or resembling, an alga.

ALGOL Al"gol, n. Etym: [Ar. al-gh destruction, calamity, fr. ghala to take suddenly, destroy.] (Astron.)

Defn: A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in brightness.

ALGOLOGICAL
Al`go*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to algology; as, algological specimens.

ALGOLOGIST
Al*gol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One learned about algæ; a student of algology.

ALGOLOGY
Al*gol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. alga seaweed + -logy.] (Bot.)

Defn: The study or science of algæ or seaweeds.

ALGOMETER
Al*gom"e*ter, n. [Gr. pain + -meter.] (Psychol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring sensations of pain due to pressure. It has a piston rod with a blunted tip which is pressed against the skin. — Al*gom"e*try (#), n. — Al`go*met"ric (#), *met"ric*al (#), a. —Al`go*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

ALGONKIAN
Al*gon"ki*an, a.

1. Var. of Algonquian.

2. (Geol.) Pertaining to or designating a period or era recognized by the United States Geological Survey and some other authorities, between the Archæan and the Paleozoic, from both of which it is generally separated in the record by unconformities. Algonkian rocks are both sedimentary and igneous. Although fossils are rare, life certainly existed in this period. — n.

Defn: The Algonkian period or era, or system or group of systems.

ALGONQUIAN
Al*gon"qui*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or designating the most extensive of the linguistic families of North American Indians, their territory formerly including practically all of Canada east of the 115th meridian and south of Hudson's Bay and the part of the United States east of the Mississippi and north of Tennessee and Virginia, with the exception of the territory occupied by the northern Iroquoian tribes. There are nearly 100,000 Indians of the Algonquian tribes, of which the strongest are the Ojibwas (Chippewas), Ottawas, Crees, Algonquins, Micmacs, and Blackfeet. — n.

Defn: An Algonquian Indian.

ALGONQUIN; ALGONKIN
Al*gon"quin, Al*gon"kin, n.

Defn: One of a widely spread family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America. The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north of the River St. Lawrence.

ALGOR
Al"gor, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Cold; chilliness.

ALGORISM; ALGORITHM Al"go*rism, Al"go*rithm, n. Etym: [OE. algorism, algrim, augrim, OF. algorisme, F. algorithme (cf. Sp. algoritmo, OSp. alguarismo, LL. algorismus), fr. the Ar. al-Khowarezmi of Khowarezm, the modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Musa, author of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was translated into Latin, such books bearing the name algorismus. The spelling with th is due to a supposed connection with Gr.

1. The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.

2. The art of calculating with any species of notation; as, the algorithms of fractions, proportions, surds, etc.

ALGOUS
Al"gous, a. Etym: [L. algosus, fr. alga seaweed.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the algæ, or seaweeds; abounding with, or like, seaweed.

ALGUAZIL
Al`gua*zil", n. Etym: [Sp. alguacil, fr. Ar. alwazir the vizier. Cf.
Vizier.]

Defn: An inferior officer of justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a constable. Prescott.

ALGUM
Al"gum, n.

Defn: Same as Almug (and etymologically preferable). 2 Chron. ii. 8.

ALHAMBRA Al*ham"bra, n. Etym: [Ultimately fr. Ar. al the + hamra red; i. e., the red (sc. house).]

Defn: The palace of the Moorish kings at Granada.

ALHAMBRAIC; ALHAMBRESQUE
Al`ham*bra"ic, Al`ham*bresque", a.

Defn: Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the ornamentation in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine exhibition of Saracenic or Arabesque architecture.

ALHENNA
Al*hen"na, n.

Defn: See Henna.

ALIAS A"li*as, adv. Etym: [L., fr. alius. See Else.] (Law) (a) Otherwise; otherwise called; — a term used in legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful; as, Smith, alias Simpson. (b) At another time.

ALIAS A"li*as, n.; pl. Aliases. Etym: [L., otherwise, at another time.]Etym: (Law) (a) A second or further writ which is issued after a first writ has expired without effect. (b) Another name; an assumed name.

ALIBI
Al"i*bi, n. Etym: [L., elsewhere, at another place. See Alias.] (Law)

Defn: The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another place when the alleged act was committed; as, to set up an alibi; to prove an alibi.

ALIBILITY
Al`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being alible.

ALIBLE
Al"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. alibilis, fr. alere to nourish.]

Defn: Nutritive; nourishing.

ALICANT
Al"i*cant, n.

Defn: A kind of wine, formerly much esteemed; — said to have been made near Alicant, in Spain. J. Fletcher.

ALIDADE Al"i*dade, n. Etym: [LL. alidada, alhidada, fr. Ar. al-'idada a sort of rule: cf. F. alidade.]

Defn: The portion of a graduated instrument, as a quadrant or astrolabe, carrying the sights or telescope, and showing the degrees cut off on the arc of the instrument Whewell.

ALIEN Al"ien, a. Etym: [OF. alien, L. alienus, fr. alius another; properly, therefore, belonging to another. See Else.]

1. Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign; as, alien subjects, enemies, property, shores.

2. Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse; inconsistent (with); incongruous; — followed by from or sometimes by to; as, principles alien from our religion. An alien sound of melancholy. Wordsworth. Alien enemy (Law), one who owes allegiance to a government at war with ours. Abbott.

ALIEN
Al"ien, n.

1. A foreigner; one owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See Alienage.

2. One excluded from certain privileges; one alienated or estranged; as, aliens from God's mercies. Aliens from the common wealth of Israel. Ephes. ii. 12.

ALIEN
Al"ien, v. t. Etym: [F. aliéner, L. alienare.]

Defn: To alienate; to estrange; to transfer, as property or ownership. [R.] "It the son alien lands." Sir M. Hale. The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of . . . the marriage. Clarendon.

ALIENABILITY
Al`ien*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being alienated. "The alienability of the domain." Burke.

ALIENABLE
Al"ien*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aliénable.]

Defn: Capable of being alienated, sold, or transferred to another; as, land is alienable according to the laws of the state.

ALIENAGE
Al"ien*age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. aliénage.]

1. The state or legal condition of being an alien.

Note: The disabilities of alienage are removable by naturalization or
by special license from the State of residence, and in some of the
United States by declaration of intention of naturalization. Kent.
Wharton.
Estates forfeitable on account of alienage. Story.

2. The state of being alienated or transferred to another. Brougham.

ALIENATE
Al"ien*ate, a. Etym: [L. alienatus, p. p. of alienare, fr. alienus.
See Alien, and cf. Aliene.]

Defn: Estranged; withdrawn in affection; foreign; — with from.
O alienate from God. Milton.

ALIENATE
Al"ien*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alienated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alienating.]

1. To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.

2. To withdraw, as the affections; to make indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted; to estrange; to wean; — with from. The errors which . . . alienated a loyal gentry and priesthood from the House of Stuart. Macaulay. The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the more alienates him from the realities of the present. I. Taylor.

ALIENATE
Al"ien*ate, n.

Defn: A stranger; an alien. [Obs.]

ALIENATION Al`ien*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. aliénation, L. alienatio, fr. alienare, fr. alienare. See Alienate.]

1. The act of alienating, or the state of being alienated.

2. (Law)

Defn: A transfer of title, or a legal conveyance of property to another.

3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the affections. The alienation of his heart from the king. Bacon.

4. Mental alienation; derangement of the mental faculties; insanity; as, alienation of mind.

Syn. — Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration; mania; delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See Insanity.

ALIENATOR
Al"ien*a"tor, n.

Defn: One who alienates.

ALIENE
Al*iene, v. t.

Defn: To alien or alienate; to transfer, as title or property; as, to aliene an estate.

ALIENEE
Al"ien*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One to whom the title of property is transferred; — opposed to
alienor.
It the alienee enters and keeps possession. Blackstone.

ALIENISM
Al"ien*ism, n.

1. The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage. The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of alienism. Kent.

2. The study or treatment of diseases of the mind.

ALIENIST
Al"ien*ist, n. Etym: [F. aliéniste.]

Defn: One who treats diseases of the mind. Ed. Rev.

ALIENOR
Al`ien*or", n. Etym: [OF. aliéneur.]

Defn: One who alienates or transfers property to another. Blackstone.

ALIETHMOID; ALIETHMOIDAL Al`i*eth"moid, Al`i*eth*moid"al, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. ethomoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid bone or

ALIFE
A*life", adv. Etym: [Cf. lief dear.]

Defn: On my life; dearly. [Obs.] "I love that sport alife." Beau. &
Fl.

ALIFEROUS
A*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + -ferous.]

Defn: Having wings, winged; aligerous. [R.]

ALIFORM
Al"i*form, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + -form.]

Defn: Wing-shaped; winglike.

ALIGEROUS
A*lig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aliger; ala wing + gerere to carry.]

Defn: Having wings; winged. [R.]

ALIGHT A*light", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Alighted sometimes Alit; p. pr. & vb. n. Alighting.] Etym: [OE. alihten, fr. AS. alihtan; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) + lihtan, to alight, orig. to render light, to remove a burden from, fr. liht, leoht, light. See Light, v. i.]

1. To spring down, get down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to dismount.

2. To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop; as, a flying bird alights on a tree; snow alights on a roof.

3. To come or chance (upon). [R.]

ALIGHT
A*light", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + light.]

Defn: Lighted; lighted up; in a flame. "The lamps were alight."
Dickens.

ALIGN
A*lign", v. t. Etym: [F. aligner; à (L. ad) + ligne (L. linea) line.
See Line, and cf. Allineate.]

Defn: To adjust or form to a line; to range or form in line; to bring into line; to aline.

ALIGN
A*lign", v. t.

Defn: To form in line; to fall into line.

ALIGNMENT
A*lign"ment, n. Etym: [F. alignement.]

1. The act of adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation of troops or of a squadron.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: The ground-plan of a railway or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile.

ALIKE
A*like", a. Etym: [AS. onlic, gelic; pref. a + like.]

Defn: Having resemblance or similitude; similar; without difference.
[Now used only predicatively.]
The darkness and the light are both alike to thee. Ps. cxxxix. 12.

ALIKE
A*like", adv. Etym: [AS. gelice, onlice.]

Defn: In the same manner, form, or degree; in common; equally; as, we are all alike concerne.

ALIKE-MINDED
A*like"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Like-minded. [Obs.]

ALIMENT
Al"i*ment, n. Etym: [L. alimentum, fr. alere to nourish; akin to
Goth. alan to grow, Icel. ala to nourish: cf. F. aliment. See Old.]

1. That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries of life generally: sustenance; means of support. Aliments of theiBacon.

2. An allowance for maintenance. [Scot.]

ALIMENT
Al"i*ment, v. t.

1. To nourish; to support.

2. To provide for the maintenance of. [Scot.]

ALIMENTAL
Al`i*men"tal, a.

Defn: Supplying food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing the materials for natural growth; as, alimental sap.

ALIMENTALLY
A`li*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to serve for nourishment or food; nourishing quality. Sir
T. Browne.

ALIMENTARINESS
Al`i*men"ta*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality. [R.]

ALIMENTARY Al`i*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. alimentarius, fr. alimentum: cf. F. alimentaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to aliment or food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental; as, alimentary substances. Alimentary canal, the entire channel, extending from the mouth to the anus, by which aliments are conveyed through the body, and the useless parts ejected.

ALIMENTATION
Al`i*men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alimentation, LL. alimentatio.]

1. The act or process of affording nutriment; the function of the alimentary canal.

2. State or mode of being nourished. Bacon.

ALIMENTIVENESS
Al`i*men"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The instinct or faculty of appetite for food. [Chiefly in
Phrenol.]

ALIMONIOUS
Al`i*mo"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Affording food; nourishing. [R.] "Alimonious humors." Harvey.

ALIMONY Al"i*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. alimonia, alimonium, nourishment, sustenance, fr. alere to nourish.]

1. Maintenance; means of living.

2. (Law)

Defn: An allowance made to a wife out of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the same. Wharton. Burrill.

ALINASAL
Al`i*na"sal, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. nasal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to expansions of the nasal bone or cartilage.

ALINE
A*line", v. t.

Defn: To range or place in a line; to bring into line; to align.
Evelyn.

ALINEATION
A*lin`e*a"tion, n.

Defn: See Allineation.

ALINEMENT
A*line"ment, n.

Defn: Same as Alignment.

Note: [The Eng. form alinement is preferable to alignment, a bad spelling of the French]. New Eng. Dict. (Murray).

ALINER
A*lin"er, n.

Defn: One who adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line. Evelyn.

ALIOTH
Al"i*oth, n. Etym: [Ar. alyat the tail of a fat sheep.] (Astron.)

Defn: A star in the tail of the Great Bear, the one next the bowl in the Dipper.

ALIPED Al"i*ped, a. Etym: [L. alipes; ala wing + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. alipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Wing-footed, as the bat.
 — n.

Defn: An animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, serving for a wing, as the bat.

ALIPHATIC
Al`i*phat"ic, a. [Gr. , , oil, fat.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, fat; fatty; — applied to compounds having an openc-hain structure. The aliphatic compounds thus include not only the fatty acids and other derivatives of the paraffin hydrocarbons, but also unsaturated compounds, as the ethylene and acetylene series.

ALIQUANT Al"i*quant, a. Etym: [L. aliquantus some, moderate; alius other + quantus how great: cf. F. aliquante.] (Math.)

Defn: An aliquant part of a number or quantity is one which does not divide it without leaving a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquant part of 16. Opposed to aliquot.

ALIQUOT Al"i*quot, a. Etym: [L. aliquot some, several; alius other + quot how many: cf. F. aliquote.] (Math.)

Defn: An aliquot part of a number or quantity is one which will divide it without a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquot part of 15. Opposed to aliquant.

ALISEPTAL
Al`i*sep"tal, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. septal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to expansions of the nasal septum.

ALISH
Al"ish, a.

Defn: Like ale; as, an alish taste.

ALISPHENOID
Al`i*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The alisphenoid bone.

ALISPHENOID; ALISPHENOIDAL Al`i*sphe"noid, Al`i*sphe*noid"al, a. Etym: [L. ala wing + E. sphenoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to or forming the wing of the sphenoid; relating to a bone in the base of the skull, which in the adult is often consolidated with the sphenoid; as, alisphenoid bone; alisphenoid canal.

ALITRUNK
Al"i*trunk, n. Etym: [L. ala wing + truncus trunk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The segment of the body of an insect to which the wings are attached; the thorax. Kirby.

ALITURGICAL
Al`i*tur"gic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + liturgical.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not offered.
Shipley.

ALIUNDE
A`li*un"de, adv. & a. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: From another source; from elsewhere; as, a case proved aliunde; evidence aliunde.

ALIVE A*live", a. Etym: [OE. on live, AS. on life in life; life being dat. of lif life. See Life, and cf. Live, a.]

1. Having life, in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in which the organs perform their functions; as, an animal or a plant which is alive.

2. In a state of action; in force or operation; unextinguished; unexpired; existent; as, to keep the fire alive; to keep the affections alive.

3. Exhibiting the activity and motion of many living beings; swarming; thronged. The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was alive with muskets and green boughs. Macaulay.

4. Sprightly; lively; brisk. Richardson.

5. Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive. Tremblingly alive to nature's laws. Falconer.

6. Of all living (by way of emphasis). Northumberland was the proudest man alive. Clarendon.

Note: Used colloquially as an intensive; as, man alive!

Note: Alive always follows the noun which it qualifies.

ALIZARI A`li*za"ri, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. Ar. 'a juice extracted from a plant, fr. 'a to press.] (Com.)

Defn: The madder of the Levant. Brande & C.

ALIZARIN
A*liz"a*rin, n. Etym: [F. alizarine, fr. alizari.] (Chem.)

Defn: A coloring principle, C14H6O2(OH)2, found in madder, and now produced artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.

ALKAHEST
Al"ka*hest, n. Etym: [LL. alchahest, F. alcahest, a word that has an
Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by
Paracelsus.]

Defn: The fabled "universal solvent" of the alchemists; a menstruum capable of dissolving all bodies. — Al`ka*hes"tic, a.

ALKALAMIDE
Al`kal*am"ide, n. Etym: [Alkali + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of compounds that may be regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or radicals.

ALKALESCENCE; ALKALESCENCY
Al`ka*les`cence, Al`ka*les"cen*cy, n.

Defn: A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to predominant. Ure.

ALKALESCENT
Al`ka*les"cent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalescent.]

Defn: Tending to the properties of an alkali; slightly alkaline.

ALKALI Al"ka*li, n.; pl. Alkalis or Alkalies. Etym: [F. alcali, ultimately fr. Ar. alqali ashes of the plant saltwort, fr. qalay to roast in a pan, fry.]

1. Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic potash, etc.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue. Fixed alkalies, potash and soda. — Vegetable alkalies. Same as Alkaloids. — Volatile alkali, ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed alkalies.

ALKALIFIABLE
Al"ka*li*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalifiable.]

Defn: Capable of being alkalified, or converted into an alkali.

ALKALI FLAT
Alkali flat.

Defn: A sterile plain, containing an excess of alkali, at the bottom of an undrained basin in an arid region; a playa.

ALKALIFY
Al"ka*li*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alkalified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alkalifying.] Etym: [Alkali + -fly: cf. F. alcalifier.]

Defn: To convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to.

ALKALIFY
Al"ka*li*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become changed into an alkali.

ALKALIMETER
Al`ka*lim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Alkali + -meter. cf. F. alcalimètre.]

Defn: An instrument to ascertain the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in a mixture.

ALKALIMETRIC; ALKALIMETRICAL
Al`ka*li*met"ric, Al`ka*li*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to alkalimetry.

ALKALIMETRY
Al`ka*lim"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalimètrie.] (Chem.)

Defn: The art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the quantity present in alkaline mixtures.

ALKALINE
Al"ka*line, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an alkali or to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali. Alkaline earths, certain substances, as lime, baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities of alkalies. — Alkaline metals, potassium, sodium, cæsium, lithium, rubidium. — Alkaline reaction, a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the action on limits, turmeric, etc.

ALKALINITY
Al`ka*lin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property.
Thomson.

ALKALIOUS
Al*ka"li*ous, a.

Defn: Alkaline. [Obs.]

ALKALI SOIL
Alkali soil.

Defn: Any one of various soils found in arid and semiarid regions, containing an unusual amount of soluble mineral salts which effloresce in the form of a powder or crust (usually white) in dry weather following rains or irrigation. The basis of these salts is mainly soda with a smaller amount of potash, and usually a little lime and magnesia. Two main classes of alkali are commonly distinguished: black alkali, which may be any alkaline carbonate, but which practically consists of sodium carbonate (sal soda), which is highly corrosive and destructive to vegetation; and white alkali, characterized by the presence of sodium sulphate (Glauber's salt), which is less injurious to vegetation. Black alkali is so called because water containing it dissolves humus, forming a dark-colored solution which, when it collects in puddles and evaporates, produces characteristic black spots.

ALKALI WASTE
Alkali waste.

Defn: Waste material from the manufacture of alkali; specif., soda waste.

ALKALIZATE
Al"ka*li*zate, a.

Defn: Alkaline. [Obs.] Boyle.

ALKALIZATE
Al"ka*li**zate, v. t.

Defn: To alkalizate. [R.] Johnson.

ALKALIZATION
Al`ka*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alcalisation.]

Defn: The act rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a conferring of alkaline qualities.

ALKALIZE
Al"ka*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alkalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alkalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. alcaliser.]

Defn: To render alkaline; to communicate the properties of an alkali to.

ALKALOID
Al"ka*loid, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base, especially one of a class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of plants and the bodies of animals.

Note: Alcaloids all contain nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen, and many of them also contain oxygen. They include many of the active principles in plants; thus, morphine and narcotine are alkaloids found in opium.

ALKALOID; ALKALOIDAL Al"ka*loid, Al`ka*loid"al, a. Etym: [Alkali + -oid: cf. F. alcaloïde.]

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali.

ALKANET Al"ka*net, n. Etym: [Dim. of Sp. alcana, alhe, in which al is the Ar. article. See Henna, and cf. Orchanet.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A dyeing matter extracted from the roots of Alkanna tinctoria, which gives a fine deep red color.

2. (Bot.) (a) A boraginaceous herb (Alkanna tinctoria) yielding the dye; orchanet. (b) The similar plant Anchusa officinalis; bugloss; also, the American puccoon.

ALKARGEN
Al*kar"gen, n. Etym: [Alkarsin + oxygen.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Cacodylic acid.

ALKARSIN
Al*kar"sin, n. Etym: [Alkali + arsenic + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A spontaneously inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of cacodyl and its oxidation products; — called also Cadel's fuming liquid.

ALKAZAR
Al*ka"zar.

Defn: See Alcazar.

ALKEKENGI Al`ke*ken"gi, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alkékenge, Sp. alquequenje, ultimately fr. Ar. al-kakanj a kind of resin from Herat.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous plant of the nightshade family (Physalis alkekengi) and its fruit, which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; — also called winter cherry, ground cherry, and strawberry tomato. D. C. Eaton.

ALKERMES
Al*ker"mes, n. Etym: [Ar. al-qirmiz kermes. See Kermes.] (Old
Pharmacy)

Defn: A compound cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its name from the kermes insect, its principal ingredient.

ALKORAN
Al"ko*ran, n.

Defn: The Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as Alcoran and Koran.

ALKORANIC
Al`ko*ran"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Alcoranic.

ALKORANIST
Al`ko*ran"ist, n.

Defn: Same as Alcoranist.

ALL
All, a. Etym: [OE. al, pl. alle, AS. eal, pl. ealle, Northumbrian
alle, akin to D. & OHG. al, Ger. all, Icel. allr. Dan. al, Sw. all,
Goth. alls; and perh. to Ir. and Gael. uile, W. oll.]

1. The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every; as, all the wheat; all the land; all the year; all the strength; all happiness; all abundance; loss of all power; beyond all doubt; you will see us all (or all of us). Prove all things: hold fast that which is good. 1 Thess. v. 21.

2. Any. [Obs.] "Without all remedy." Shak.

Note: When the definite article "the," or a possessive or a demonstrative pronoun, is joined to the noun that all qualifies, all precedes the article or the pronoun; as, all the cattle; all my labor; all his wealth; all our families; all your citizens; all their property; all other joys.

Note: This word, not only in popular language, but in the Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt died, all Judea and all the region round about Jordan, all men held John as a prophet, are not to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large part, or very great numbers.

3. Only; alone; nothing but.
I was born to speak all mirth and no matter. Shak.
All the whole, the whole (emphatically). [Obs.] "All the whole army."
Shak.

ALL
All, adv.

1. Wholly; completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; as, all bedewed; my friend is all for amusement. "And cheeks all pale." Byron.

Note: In the ancient phrases, all too dear, all too much, all so long, etc., this word retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive.

2. Even; just. (Often a mere intensive adjunct.) [Obs. or Poet.] All as his straying flock he fed. Spenser. A damsel lay deploring All on a rock reclined. Gay. All to, or All-to. In such phrases as "all to rent," "all to break," "all-to frozen," etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old authors, the all and the to have commonly been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning to entirely, completely, altogether. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in the word all (as it does in "all forlorn," and similar expressions), and the to properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive prefix (orig. meaning asunder and answering to the LG. ter-, HG. zer- ). It is frequently to be met with in old books, used without the all. Thus Wyclif says, "The vail of the temple was to rent:" and of Judas, "He was hanged and to-burst the middle:" i. e., burst in two, or asunder. — All along. See under Along. — All and some, individually and collectively, one and all. [Obs.] "Displeased all and some." Fairfax. — All but. (a) Scarcely; not even. [Obs.] Shak. (b) Almost; nearly. "The fine arts were all but proscribed." Macaulay. — All hollow, entirely, completely; as, to beat any one all hollow. [Low] — All one, the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same thing. — All over, over the whole extent; thoroughly; wholly; as, she is her mother all over. [Colloq.] — All the better, wholly the better; that is, better by the whole difference. — All the same, nevertheless. "There they [certain phenomena] remain rooted all the same, whether we recognize them or not." J. C. Shairp. "But Rugby is a very nice place all the same." T. Arnold. — See also under All, n.

ALL
All, n.

Defn: The whole number, quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or every person; as, our all is at stake. Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to all. Shak. All that thou seest is mine. Gen. xxxi. 43.

Note: All is used with of, like a partitive; as, all of a thing, all of us. After all, after considering everything to the contrary; nevertheless. — All in all, a phrase which signifies all things to a person, or everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly; altogether. Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee, Forever. Milton. Trust me not at all, or all in all. Tennyson. — All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind, so as to shake. — All told, all counted; in all. — And all, and the rest; and everything connected. "Bring our crown and all." Shak. — At all. (a) In every respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] "She is a shrew at al(l)." Chaucer. (b) A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying in any way or respect; in the least degree or to the least extent; in the least; under any circumstances; as, he has no ambition at all; has he any property at all "Nothing at all. " Shak. "It thy father at all miss me." 1 Sam. xx. 6. — Over all, everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Note: All is much used in composition to enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances, it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant is dropped, as in almighty, already, always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen, as, all- bountiful, all-glorious, allimportant, all-surrounding, etc. In others it is an adjective; as, allpower, all-giver. Anciently many words, as, alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded with all, which are now written separately.

ALL All, conj. Etym: [Orig. all, adv., wholly: used with though or if, which being dropped before the subjunctive left all as if in the sense although.]

Defn: Although; albeit. [Obs.]
All they were wondrous loth. Spenser.

ALLA BREVE
Al`la bre"ve. Etym: [It., according to the breve.] (Old Church Music)

Defn: With one breve, or four minims, to measure, and sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; — indicated in the time signature by

ALLAH
Al"lah, n. Etym: [ contr. fr. the article al the + ilah God.]

Defn: The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the
Mohammedans generally.

ALL-A-MORT
All`-a-mort", a.

Defn: See Alamort.

ALLANITE Al"lan*ite, n. Etym: [From T. Allan, who first distinguished it as a species.] (min.)

Defn: A silicate containing a large amount of cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to epidote in form and composition.

ALLANTOIC
Al`lan*to"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. allantoïque.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or contained in, the allantois. Allantoic acid.
(Chem.) See Allantoin.

ALLANTOID; ALLANTOIDAL
Al*lan"toid, Al`lan*toid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the allantois.

ALLANTOIDEA
Al`lan*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes reptiles, birds, and mammals.

ALLANTOIN
Al*lan"to*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline, transparent, colorless substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; — formerly called allantoic acid and amniotic acid.

ALLANTOIS; ALLANTOID
Al*lan"to*is, Al*lan"toid, } n.. (Anat.)

Defn: A membranous appendage of the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles, — in mammals serving to connect the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle.

ALLATRATE
Al"la*trate, v. i. Etym: [L. allatrare. See Latrate.]

Defn: To bark as a dog. [Obs.] Stubbes.

ALLAY Al*lay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Allaying.] Etym: [OE. alaien, aleggen, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to, AS. alecgan; a- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) + lecgan to lay; but confused with old forms of allege, alloy, alegge. See Lay.]

1. To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; as, to allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult of the passions.

2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of adversity. It would allay the burning quality of that fell poison. Shak.

Syn. — To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease; abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See Alleviate.

ALLAY
Al*lay", v. t.

Defn: To diminish in strength; to abate; to subside. "When the rage allays." Shak.

ALLAY
Al*lay", n.

Defn: Alleviation; abatement; check. [Obs.]

ALLAY
Al*lay", n.

Defn: Alloy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALLAY
Al*lay", v. t.

Defn: To mix (metals); to mix with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate. [Archaic] Fuller.

ALLAYER
Al*lay"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, allays.

ALLAYMENT
Al*lay"ment, n.

Defn: An allaying; that which allays; mitigation. [Obs.]
The like allayment could I give my grief. Shak.

ALLECRET
Al"le*cret, n. Etym: [OF. alecret, halecret, hallecret.]

Defn: A kind of light armor used in the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss. Fairholt.

ALLECT
Al*lect", v. t. Etym: [L. allectare, freq. of allicere, allectum.]

Defn: To allure; to entice. [Obs.]

ALLECTATION
Al`lec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. allectatio.]

Defn: Enticement; allurement. [Obs.] Bailey.

ALLECTIVE
Al*lec"tive, a. Etym: [LL. allectivus.]

Defn: Alluring. [Obs.]

ALLECTIVE
Al*lec"tive, n.

Defn: Allurement. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

ALLEDGE
Al*ledge", v. t.

Defn: See Allege. [Obs.]

Note: This spelling, corresponding to abridge, was once the prevailing one.

ALLEGATION Al`le*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. allegatio, fr. allegare, allegatum, to send a message, cite; later, to free by giving reasons; ad + legare to send, commission. Cf. Allege and Adlegation.]

1. The act of alleging or positively asserting.

2. That which is alleged, asserted, or declared; positive assertion; formal averment I thought their allegation but reasonable. Steele.

3. (Law)

Defn: A statement by a party of what he undertakes to prove, — usually applied to each separate averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved.

ALLEGE Al*lege", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleged; p. pr. & vb. n. Alleging.] Etym: [OE. aleggen to bring forward as evidence, OF. esligier to buy, prop. to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL. exlitigare; L. ex + litigare to quarrel, sue (see Litigate). The word was confused with L. allegare (see Allegation), and lex law. Cf. Allay.]

1. To bring forward with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; as, to allege a fact.

2. To cite or quote; as, to allege the authority of a judge. [Archaic]

3. To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse; as, he refused to lend, alleging a resolution against lending.

Syn. — To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce; declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate.

ALLEGE
Al*lege", v. t. Etym: [See Allay.]

Defn: To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden or a trouble. [Obs.]
Wyclif.

ALLEGEABLE
Al*lege"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being alleged or affirmed.
The most authentic examples allegeable in the case. South.

ALLEGEANCE
Al*lege"ance, n.

Defn: Allegation. [Obs.]

ALLEGEMENT
Al*lege"ment, n.

Defn: Allegation. [Obs.]
With many complaints and allegements. Bp. Sanderson.

ALLEGER
Al*leg"er, n.

Defn: One who affirms or declares.

ALLEGGE
Al*legge", v. t.

Defn: See Alegge and Allay. [Obs.]

ALLEGHENIAN; ALLEGHANIAN
Al`le*ghe"ni*an, a. Also Al`le*gha"ni*an. (Biogeography)

Defn: Pertaining to or designating the humid division of the
Transition zone extending across the northern United States from New
England to eastern Dakota, and including also most of Pennsylvania
and the mountainous region as far south as northern Georgia.

ALLEGHENY; ALLEGHANY
Al"le*ghe`ny, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Allegheny Mountains, or the region where they are situated. Also Al"le*gha`ny.

2. [From the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania.] (Geol.) Pertaining to or designating a subdivision of the Pennsylvanian coal measure.

ALLEGIANCE
Al*le"giance, n. Etym: [OE. alegeaunce; pref. a- + OF. lige, liege.
The meaning was influenced by L. ligare to bind, and even by lex,
legis, law. See Liege, Ligeance.]

1. The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to one's king, government, or state.

2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance to science.

Syn. — Loyalty; fealty. — Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the "powers that be." Allegiance is an obligation to a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of allegiance to the government, to the state, etc. In well conducted monarchies, loyalty is a warm-hearted feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her allegiance. In cases where we personify, loyalty is more commonly the word used; as, loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the cause of virtue; loyalty to truth and religion, etc. Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me! Shak. So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . . Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. Milton.

ALLEGIANT
Al*le"giant, a.

Defn: Loyal. Shak.

ALLEGORIC; ALLEGORICAL Al`le*gor"ic, Al`le*gor"ic*al, a. Etym: [F. allégorique, L. allegorius, fr. Gr. Allegory.]

Defn: Belonging to, or consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing by resemblances; figurative. "An allegoric tale." Falconer. "An allegorical application." Pope. Allegorical being . . . that kind of language which says one thing, but means another. Max Miller. Al`le*gor"ic*al*ly, adv. — Al`le*gor"ic*al*ness, n.

ALLEGORIST
Al"le*go*rist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. allegoriste.]

Defn: One who allegorizes; a writer of allegory. Hume.

ALLEGORIZATION
Al`le*gor"i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an allegorical sense.

ALLEGORIZE
Al"le*go*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allegorized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Allegorizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. allégoriser, fr. L. allegorizare.]

1. To form or turn into allegory; as, to allegorize the history of a people.

2. To treat as allegorical; to understand in an allegorical sense; as, when a passage in a writer may understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a figurative sense is said to allegorize it.

ALLEGORIZE
Al"le*go*rize, v. t.

Defn: To use allegory. Holland.

ALLEGORIZER
Al"le*go*ri`zer, n.

Defn: One who allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist.

ALLEGORY
Al"le*go*ry, n.; pl. Allegories. Etym: [L. allegoria, Gr. allégorie.]

1. A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.

2. Anything which represents by suggestive resemblance; an emblem.

3. (Paint. & Sculpt.)

Defn: A figure representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly conveyed by the object painted or sculptured.

Syn. — Metaphor; fable. — Allegory, Parable. "An allegory differs both from fable and parable, in that the properties of persons are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they are as it were transferred. . . . A figure of Peace and Victory crowning some historical personage is an allegory. "I am the Vine, ye are the branches" [John xv. 1-6] is a spoken allegory. In the parable there is no transference of properties. The parable of the sower [Matt. xiii. 3-23] represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the allegory quoted above the properties of the vine and the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of Christ and His apostles and disciples." C. J. Smith.

Note: An allegory is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" and Spenser's "Faërie Queene" are celebrated examples of the allegory.

ALLEGRESSE
Al`le`gresse", n. Etym: [F. allégresse, fr. L. alacer sprightly.]

Defn: Joy; gladsomeness.

ALLEGRETTO
Al`le*gret"to, a. Etym: [It., dim. of allegro.] (Mus.)

Defn: Quicker than andante, but not so quick as allegro.
 — n.

Defn: A movement in this time.

ALLEGRO
Al*le"gro, a. Etym: [It., merry, gay, fr. L. alacer lively. Cf.
Aleger.] (Mus.)

Defn: Brisk, lively.
 — n.

Defn: An allegro movement; a quick, sprightly strain or piece.

ALLELOMORPH
Al*le"lo*morph, n. [Gr. of one another + Gr. form.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the pure unit characters commonly existing singly or in pairs in the germ cells of Mendelian hybrids, and exhibited in varying proportion among the organisms themselves. Allelomorphs which under certain circumstances are themselves compound are called hypallelomorphs. See Mendel's law. — Al*le`lo*mor"phic (#), a.

As we know that the several unit characters are of such a nature that any one of them is capable of independently displacing or being displaced by one or more alternative characters taken singly, we may recognize this fact by naming such characters allelomorphs. Bateson.

ALLELUIA; ALLELUIAH
Al`le*lu"ia, Al`le*lu"iah, n. Etym: [L. alleluia, Gr. hall-yah. See
Hallelujah.]

Defn: An exclamation signifying Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of
praise to God. See Hallelujah, the commoner form.
I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying, Alleluia.
Rev. xix. 1.

ALLEMANDE
Al"le*mande", n. Etym: [F., fr. allemand German.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A dance in moderate twofold time, invented by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; — now mostly found in suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel.

2. A figure in dancing.

ALLEMANNIC
Al`le*man"nic, a.

Defn: See Alemannic.

ALLENARLY
Al*len"ar*ly, adv. Etym: [All + anerly singly, fr. ane one.]

Defn: Solely; only. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

ALLER
Al"ler, a. Etym: [For ealra, the AS. gen. pl. of eal all.]

Defn: Same as Alder, of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALLERION Al*le"ri*on, n. Etym: [F. alérion, LL. alario a sort of eagle; of uncertain origin.] (Her.)

Defn: Am eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings. Burke.

ALLEVIATE
Al*le"vi*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alleviated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alleviating.] Etym: [LL. alleviare, fr. L. ad + levis light. See
Alegge, Levity.]

1. To lighten or lessen the force or weight of. [Obs.] Should no others join capable to alleviate the expense. Evelyn. Those large bladders . . . conduce much to the alleviating of the body [of flying birds]. Ray.

2. To lighten or lessen (physical or mental troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; as, to alleviate sorrow, pain, care, etc. ; — opposed to aggravate. The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much alleviated by giving the use of letters. Bp. Horsley.

3. To extenuate; to palliate. [R.] He alleviates his fault by an excuse. Johnson.

Syn. — To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage; abate; relieve; nullify; allay. — To Alleviate, Mitigate, Assuage, Allay. These words have in common the idea of relief from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in their application, according to the image under which this idea is presented. Alleviate supposes a load which is lightened or taken off; as, to alleviate one's cares. Mitigate supposes something fierce which is made mild; as, to mitigate one's anguish. Assuage supposes something violent which is quieted; as, to assuage one's sorrow. Allay supposes something previously excited, but now brought down; as, to allay one's suffering or one's thirst. To alleviate the distresses of life; to mitigate the fierceness of passion or the violence of grief; to assuage angry feeling; to allay wounded sensibility.

ALLEVIATION
Al*le`vi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. alleviatio.]

1. The act of alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation; relief.

2. That which mitigates, or makes more tolerable. I have not wanted such alleviations of life as friendship could supply. Johnson.

ALLEVIATIVE
Al*le"vi*a*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to alleviate.
 — n.

Defn: That which alleviates.

ALLEVIATOR
Al*le"vi*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, alleviaties.

ALLEVIATORY
Al*le"vi*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Alleviative. Carlyle.

ALLEY Al"ley, n.; pl. Alleys. Etym: [OE. aley, alley, OF. alée, F. allée, a going, passage, fr. OE. aler, F. aller, to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. anar, It. andare, Sp. andar.]

1. A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered way. I know each lane and every alley green. Milton.

2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street. Gay.

3. A passageway between rows of pews in a church.

4. (Persp.)

Defn: Any passage having the entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the appearance of length.

5. The space between two rows of compositors' stands in a printing office.

ALLEY Al"ley, n.; pl. Alleys. Etym: [A contraction of alabaster, of which it was originally made.]

Defn: A choice taw or marble. Dickens.

ALLEYED
Al"leyed, a.

Defn: Furnished with alleys; forming an alley. "An alleyed walk." Sir
W. Scott.

ALLEYWAY
Al"ley*way` n.

Defn: An alley.

ALL FOOLS' DAY
All" Fools' Day`.

Defn: The first day of April, a day on which sportive impositions are
practiced.
The first of April, some do say, Is set apart for All Fools' Day.
Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).

ALLFOURS
All`fours". Etym: [All + four (cards).]

Defn: A game at cards, called "High, Low, Jack, and the Game."

ALL FOURS
All` fours" Etym: [formerly, All` four".]

Defn: All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms of a person. To be, go, or run, on all fours (Fig.), to be on the same footing; to correspond (with) exactly; to be alike in all the circumstances to be considered. "This example is on all fours with the other." "No simile can go on all fours." Macaulay.

ALL HAIL
All` hail". Etym: [All + hail, interj.]

Defn: All health; — a phrase of salutation or welcome.

ALL-HAIL
All`-hail", v. t.

Defn: To salute; to greet. [Poet.] Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from the king, who all-hailed me "Thane of Cawdor." Shak.

ALLHALLOND
All`hal"lond, n.

Defn: Allhallows. [Obs.] Shak.

ALLHALLOW
All`hal"low.

Defn: The evening before Allhallows. See Halloween.

ALLHALLOW; ALLHALLOWS
All`hal"low, All`hal"lows, n.

1. All the saints (in heaven). [Obs.]

2. All Saints' Day, November 1st. [Archaic]

ALLHALLOW EVE
All`hal"low eve` (ev`).

Defn: The evening before Allhallows. See Halloween.

ALLHALLOWMAS
All`hal"low*mas, n.

Defn: The feast of All Saints.

ALLHALLOWN
All`hal"lown, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the time of Allhallows. [Obs.] "Allhallown summer." Shak. (i. e., late summer; "Indian Summer").

ALLHALLOWTIDE
All`hal"low*tide`, n. Etym: [AS. tid time.]

Defn: The time at or near All Saints, or November 1st.

ALLHEAL
All"heal, n.

Defn: A name popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some other plants.

ALLIABLE
Al*li"a*ble, a.

Defn: Able to enter into alliance.

ALLIACEOUS
Al`li*a"ceous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the genus Allium, or garlic, onions, leeks, etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions.

ALLIANCE Al*li"ance, n. Etym: [OE. aliaunce, OF. aliance, F. alliance, fr. OF. alier, F. allier. See Ally, and cf. LL. alligantia.]

1. The state of being allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league; as, matrimonial alliances; an alliance between church and state; an alliance between France and England.

2. Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity. The alliance of the principles of the world with those of the gospel. C. J. Smith. The alliance . . . between logic and metaphysics. Mansel.

3. The persons or parties allied. Udall.

Syn. — Connection; affinity; union; confederacy; confederation; league; coalition.

ALLIANCE
Al*li"ance, v. t.

Defn: To connect by alliance; to ally. [Obs.]

ALLIANT
Al*li"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alliant, p. pr.]

Defn: An ally; a confederate. [Obs. & R.] Sir H. Wotton.

ALLICE; ALLIS
Al"lice, Al"lis, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European shad (Clupea vulgaris); allice shad. See Alose.

ALLICIENCY
Al*li"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Attractive power; attractiveness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ALLICIENT Al*li"cient, a. Etym: [L. alliciens, p. pr. of allicere to allure; ad + lacere to entice.]

Defn: That attracts; attracting. — n.

Defn: That attracts. [Rare or Obs.]

ALLIED
Al*lied", a.

Defn: United; joined; leagued; akin; related. See Ally.

ALLIGATE
Al*li*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. alligatus, p. p. of alligare. See Ally.]

Defn: To tie; to unite by some tie.
Instincts alligated to their nature. Sir M. Hale.

ALLIGATION
Al`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. alligatio.]

1. The act of tying together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being attached. [R.]

2. (Arith.)

Defn: A rule relating to the solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or values.

Note: The rule is named from the method of connecting together the terms by certain ligature-like signs. Alligation is of two kinds, medial and alternate; medial teaching the method of finding the price or quality of a mixture of several simple ingredients whose prices and qualities are known; alternate, teaching the amount of each of several simple ingredients whose prices or qualities are known, which will be required to make a mixture of given price or quality.

ALLIGATOR
Al"li*ga`tor, n. Etym: [Sp. el lagarto the lizard (el lagarto de
Indias, the cayman or American crocodile), fr. L. lacertus, lacerta,
lizard. See Lizard.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile, and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of the southern United States, there are allied species in South America.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: Any machine with strong jaws, one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator; as, (a) (Metal Working)

Defn: a form of squeezer for the puddle ball; (b) (Mining) a rock breaker; (c) (Printing) a kind of job press, called also alligator press. Alligator apple (Bot.), the fruit of the Anona palustris, a West Indian tree. It is said to be narcotic in its properties. Loudon. — Alligator fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish of northwestern America (Podothecus acipenserinus). — Alligator gar (Zoöl.), one of the gar pikes (Lepidosteus spatula) found in the southern rivers of the United States. The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes. — Alligator pear (Bot.), a corruption of Avocado pear. See Avocado. — Alligator snapper, Alligator tortoise, Alligator turtle (Zoöl.), a very large and voracious turtle (Macrochelys lacertina) in habiting the rivers of the southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given to other turtles, as to species of Trionyx. — Alligator wood, the timber of a tree of the West Indies (Guarea Swartzii).

ALLIGATOR WRENCH
Al"li*ga`tor wrench. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of pipe wrench having a flaring jaw with teeth on one side.

ALLIGNMENT
Al*lign"ment, n.

Defn: See Alignment.

ALLINEATE Al*lin"e*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ad + lineatus, p. p. of lineare to draw a line.]

Defn: To align. [R.] Herschel.

ALLINEATION; ALINEEATION
Al*lin`e*a"tion, A*line`e*a"tion, n.

Defn: Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets with
the sun. Whewell.
The allineation of the two planets. C. A. Young.

ALLISION Al*li"sion, n. Etym: [L. allisio, fr. allidere, to strike or dash against; ad + laedere to dash against.]

Defn: The act of dashing against, or striking upon.
The boisterous allision of the sea. Woodward.

ALLITERAL
Al*lit"er*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by alliteration.

ALLITERATE
Al*lit"er*ate, v. t.

Defn: To employ or place so as to make alliteration. Skeat.

ALLITERATE
Al*lit"er*ate, v. i.

Defn: To compose alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.

ALLITERATION
Al*lit`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ad + litera letter. See Letter.]

Defn: The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or
more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals;
as in the following lines: -
Behemoth, biggest born of earth, upheaved His vastness. Milton.
Fly o'er waste fens and windy fields. Tennyson.

Note: The recurrence of the same letter in accented parts of words is also called alliteration. Anglo-Saxon poetry is characterized by alliterative meter of this sort. Later poets also employed it. In a somer seson whan soft was the sonne, I shope me in shroudes as I a shepe were. P. Plowman.

ALLITERATIVE
Al*lit"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, alliteration; as,
alliterative poetry.
 — Al*lit"er*a*tive*ly, adv.
 — Al*lit"er*a*tive*ness, n.

ALLITERATOR
Al*lit"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who alliterates.

ALLIUM
Al"li*um, n. Etym: [L., garlic.] (bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including the onion, garlic, leek, chive, etc.

ALLMOUTH
All"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The angler.

ALLNESS
All"ness, n.

Defn: Totality; completeness. [R.] The allness of God, including his absolute spirituality, supremacy, and eternity. R. Turnbull.

ALLNIGHT
All"night`, n.

Defn: Light, fuel, or food for the whole night. [Obs.] Bacon.

ALLOCATE Al"lo*cate, v. t. Etym: [LL. allocatus, p. p. of allocare, fr. L. ad + locare to place. See Allow.]

1. To distribute or assign; to allot. Burke.

2. To localize. [R.]

ALLOCATION
Al`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. allocatio: cf. F. allocation.]

1. The act of putting one thing to another; a placing; disposition; arrangement. Hallam.

2. An allotment or apportionment; as, an allocation of shares in a company. The allocation of the particular portions of Palestine to its successive inhabitants. A. R. Stanley.

3. The admission of an item in an account, or an allowance made upon an account; — a term used in the English exchequer.

ALLOCATUR
Al`lo*ca"tur, n. Etym: [LL., it is allowed, fr. allocare to allow.]
(Law)

Defn: "Allowed." The word allocatur expresses the allowance of a proceeding, writ, order, etc., by a court, judge, or judicial officer.

ALLOCHROIC
Al`lo*chro"ic, a.

Defn: Changeable in color.

ALLOCHROITE
Al*loch"ro*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Garnet.

ALLOCHROOUS
Al*loch"ro*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Changing color.

ALLOCUTION Al`lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. allocuto, fr. alloqui to speak to; ad + loqui to speak: cf. F. allocution.]

1. The act or manner of speaking to, or of addressing in words.

2. An address; a hortatory or authoritative address as of a pope to his clergy. Addison.

ALLOD
Al"lod, n.

Defn: See Allodium.

ALLODIAL
Al*lo"di*al, a. Etym: [LL. allodialis, fr. allodium: cf. F. allodial.
See Allodium.] (Law)

Defn: Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of rent or service; held independent of a lord paramount; — opposed to feudal; as, allodial lands; allodial system. Blackstone.

ALLODIAL
Al*lo"di*al, a.

Defn: Anything held allodially. W. Coxe.

ALLODIALISM
Al*lo"di*al*ism, n.

Defn: The allodial system.

ALLODIALIST
Al*lo"di*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds allodial land.

ALLODIALLY
Al*lo"di*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By allodial tenure.

ALLODIARY
Al*lo"di*a*ry, n.

Defn: One who holds an allodium.

ALLODIUM
Al*lo"di*um, n. Etym: [LL. allodium, alodium, alodis, alaudis, of
Ger. origin; cf. OHG. al all, and (AS. ead) possession, property. It
means, therefore, entirely one's property.] (Law)

Defn: Freehold estate; land which is the absolute property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus opposed to feud. Blackstone. Bouvier.

ALLOGAMOUS
Al*log"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Characterized by allogamy.

ALLOGAMY
Al*log"a*my n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Fertilization of the pistil of a plant by pollen from another of the same species; cross-fertilization.

ALLOGENEOUS
Al`lo*ge"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Different in nature or kind. [R.]

ALLOGRAPH
Al"lo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: A writing or signature made by some person other than any of the parties thereto; — opposed to autograph.

ALLOMERISM
Al*lom"er*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Variability in chemical constitution without variation in crystalline form.

ALLOMEROUS
Al*lom"er*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Characterized by allomerism.

ALLOMORPH Al"lo*morph, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.) (a) Any one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same substance; or the substance having such forms; — as, carbonate of lime occurs in the allomorphs calcite and aragonite. (b) A variety of pseudomorph which has undergone partial or complete change or substitution of material; — thus limonite is frequently an allomorph after pyrite. G. H. Williams.

ALLOMORPHIC
Al`lo*mor"phic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to allomorphism.

ALLOMORPHISM
Al`lo*mor"phism, n. (Min.)

Defn: The property which constitutes an allomorph; the change involved in becoming an allomorph.

ALLONGE
Al*longe", n. Etym: [F. allonge, earlier alonge, a lengthening. See
Allonge, v., and cf. Lunge.]

1. (Fencing)

Defn: A thrust or pass; a lunge.

2. A slip of paper attached to a bill of exchange for receiving indorsements, when the back of the bill itself is already full; a rider. [A French usage] Abbott.

ALLONGE Al*longe", v. i. Etym: [F. allonger; à (L. ad) + long (L. longus) long.]

Defn: To thrust with a sword; to lunge.

ALLONYM
Al"lo*nym, n. Etym: [F. allonyme, fr. Gr.

1. The name of another person assumed by the author of a work.

2. A work published under the name of some one other than the author.

ALLONYMOUS
Al*lon"y*mous, a.

Defn: Published under the name of some one other than the author.

ALLOO
Al*loo", v. t. or i. Etym: [See Halloo.]

Defn: To incite dogs by a call; to halloo. [Obs.]

ALLOPATH
Al"lo*path, n. Etym: [Cf. F. allopathe.]

Defn: An allopathist. Ed. Rev.

ALLOPATHIC
Al`lo*path"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. allopathique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to allopathy.

ALLOPATHICALLY
Al`lo*path"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner conformable to allopathy; by allopathic methods.

ALLOPATHIST
Al*lop"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who practices allopathy; one who professes allopathy.

ALLOPATHY
Al*lop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. allopathie, F. allopathie. See Pathos.]

Defn: That system of medical practice which aims to combat disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the special disease treated; — a term invented by Hahnemann to designate the ordinary practice, as opposed to homeopathy.

ALLOPHYLIC; ALLOPHYLIAN
Al`lo*phyl"ic, Al`lo*phyl"i*an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a race or a language neither Aryan nor Semitic.
J. Prichard.

ALLOQUY
Al"lo*quy, n. Etym: [L. alloquim, fr. alloqui.]

Defn: A speaking to another; an address. [Obs.]

ALLOT
Al*lot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Allotting.]
Etym: [OF. aloter, F. allotir; a (L. ad) + lot lot. See Lot.]

1. To distribute by lot.

2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or portions; or to distribute to each individual concerned; to assign as a share or lot; to set apart as one's share; to bestow on; to grant; to appoint; as, let every man be contented with that which Providence allots him. Ten years I will allot to the attainment of knowledge. Johnson.

ALLOTHEISM
Al"lo*the*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of strange gods. Jer. Taylor.

ALLOTMENT
Al*lot"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. alotement, F. allotement.]

1. The act of allotting; assignment.

2. That which is allotted; a share, part, or portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or by the act of God; anything set apart for a special use or to a distinct party. The alloments of God and nature. L'Estrange. A vineyard and an allotment for olives and herbs. Broome.

3. (law)

Defn: The allowance of a specific amount of scrip or of a particular thing to a particular person. Cottage allotment, an allotment of a small portion of land to a country laborer for garden cultivation. [Eng.]

ALLOTRIOPHAGY
Al`lo*tri*oph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. allotriophagie.] (Med.)

Defn: A depraved appetite; a desire for improper food.

ALLOTROPHIC Al`lo*troph"ic, a. [Gr. other + trophic.] (a) (Physiol.) Changed or modified in nutritive power by the process of digestion. (b) (Plant Physiol.) Dependent upon other organisms for nutrition; heterotrophic; — said of plants unable to perform photosynthesis, as all saprophytes; — opposed to autotrophic.

ALLOTROPIC; ALLOTROPICAL
Al`lo*trop"ic, Al`lo*trop"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. allotropique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to allotropism. — Al`lo*trop"ic*al*ly, adv. Allotropic state, the several conditions which occur in a case of allotropism.

ALLOTROPICITY
Al*lot`ro*pic"i*ty, n.

Defn: Allotropic property or nature.

ALLOTROPISM; ALLOTROPY
Al*lot"ro*pism, Al*lot"ro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. allotropie.] (Chem.)

Defn: The property of existing in two or more conditions which are distinct in their physical or chemical relations.

Note: Thus, carbon occurs crystallized in octahedrons and other related forms, in a state of extreme hardness, in the diamond; it occurs in hexagonal forms, and of little hardness, in black lead; and again occurs in a third form, with entire softness, in lampblack and charcoal. In some cases, one of these is peculiarly an active state, and the other a passive one. Thus, ozone is an active state of oxygen, and is distinct from ordinary oxygen, which is the element in its passive state.

ALLOTROPIZE
Al*lot"ro*pize, v. t.

Defn: To change in physical properties but not in substance. [R.]

ALLOTTABLE
Al*lot"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being allotted.

ALLOTTEE
Al*lot`tee", n.

Defn: One to whom anything is allotted; one to whom an allotment is made.

ALLOTTER
Al*lot"ter, n.

Defn: One who allots.

ALLOTTERY
Al*lot"ter*y, n.

Defn: Allotment. [Obs.] Shak.

ALLOW Al*low", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Allowing.] Etym: [OE. alouen, OF. alouer, aloer, aluer, F. allouer, fr. LL. allocare to admit as proved, to place, use; confused with OF. aloer, fr. L. allaudare to extol; ad + laudare to praise. See Local, and cf. Allocate, Laud.]

1. To praise; to approve of; hence, to sanction. [Obs. or Archaic] Ye allow the deeds of your fathers. Luke xi. 48. We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his life, approve his learning. Fuller.

2. To like; to be suited or pleased with. [Obs.] How allow you the model of these clothes Massinger.

3. To sanction; to invest; to intrust. [Obs.] Thou shalt be . . . allowed with absolute power. Shak.

4. To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield; to let one have; as, to allow a servant his liberty; to allow a free passage; to allow one day for rest. He was allowed about three hundred pounds a year. Macaulay.

5. To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to concede; to accede to an opinion; as, to allow a right; to allow a claim; to allow the truth of a proposition. I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that Miss Newcome's conduct . . . was highly reprehensible. Thackeray.

6. To grant (something) as a deduction or an addition; esp. to abate or deduct; as, to allow a sum for leakage.

7. To grant license to; to permit; to consent to; as, to allow a son to be absent.

Syn. — To allot; assign; bestow; concede; admit; permit; suffer; tolerate. See Permit.

ALLOW
Al*low", v. i.

Defn: To admit; to concede; to make allowance or abatement.
Allowing still for the different ways of making it. Addison.
To allow of, to permit; to admit. Shak.

ALLOWABLE
Al*low"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. allouable.]

1. Praiseworthy; laudable. [Obs.] Hacket.

2. Proper to be, or capable of being, allowed; permissible; admissible; not forbidden; not unlawful or improper; as, a certain degree of freedom is allowable among friends.

ALLOWABLENESS
Al*low"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being allowable; permissibleness; lawfulness; exemption from prohibition or impropriety. South.

ALLOWABLY
Al*low"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an allowable manner.

ALLOWANCE
Al*low"ance, n. Etym: [OF. alouance.]

1. Approval; approbation. [Obs.] Crabbe.

2. The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or admitting; authorization; permission; sanction; tolerance. Without the king's will or the state's allowance. Shak.

3. Acknowledgment. The censure of the which one must in your allowance o'erweigh a whole theater of others. Shak.

4. License; indulgence. [Obs.] Locke.

5. That which is allowed; a share or portion allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose; a stated quantity, as of food or drink; hence, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provisions fall short. I can give the boy a handsome allowance. Thackeray.

6. Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of mitigating circumstances; as, to make allowance for the inexperience of youth. After making the largest allowance for fraud. Macaulay.

7. (com.)

Defn: A customary deduction from the gross weight of goods, different in different countries, such as tare and tret.

ALLOWANCE Al*low"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allowancing.] Etym: [See Allowance, n.]

Defn: To put upon a fixed allowance (esp. of provisions and drink); to supply in a fixed and limited quantity; as, the captain was obliged to allowance his crew; our provisions were allowanced.

ALLOWEDLY
Al*low"ed*ly adv.

Defn: By allowance; admittedly. Shenstone.

ALLOWER
Al*low"er, n.

1. An approver or abettor. [Obs.]

2. One who allows or permits.

ALLOXAN Al*lox"an, n. Etym: [Allantoin + oxalic, as containing the elements of allantion and oxalic acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxidation product of uric acid. It is of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or alcohol.

ALLOXANATE
Al*lox"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of alloxanic acid and a base or base or positive radical.

ALLOXANIC
Al`lox*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to alloxan; — applied to an acid obtained by the action of soluble alkalies on alloxan.

ALLOXANTIN
Al`lox*an"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance produced by acting upon uric with warm and very dilute nitric acid.

ALLOY Al*loy", n. Etym: [OE. alai, OF. alei, F. aloyer, to alloy, alier to ally. See Alloy, v. t.]

1. Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the compound is called an amalgam.

2. The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or silver; fineness.

3. A baser metal mixed with a finer. Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal. Alloy is baser metal mixed with it. Locke.

4. Admixture of anything which lessens the value or detracts from; as, no happiness is without alloy. "Pure English without Latin alloy." F. Harrison.

ALLOY
Al*loy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alloyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Alloying.]
Etym: [F. aloyer, OF. alier, allier, later allayer, fr. L. aligare.
See Alloy, n., Ally, v.t., and cf. Allay.]

1. To reduce the purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance; as, to alloy gold with silver or copper, or silver with copper.

2. To mix, as metals, so as to form a compound.

3. To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to allay; as, to alloy pleasure with misfortunes.

ALLOY
Al*loy", v. t.

Defn: To form a metallic compound.
Gold and iron alloy with ease. Ure.

ALLOYAGE
Al*loy"age, n. Etym: [F. aloyage.]

Defn: The act or art of alloying metals; also, the combination or alloy.

ALLOY STEEL
Al"loy steel.

Defn: Any steel containing a notable quantity of some other metal alloyed with the iron, usually chromium, nickel, manganese, tungsten, or vanadium.

ALL-POSSESSED
All`-pos*sessed", a.

Defn: Controlled by an evil spirit or by evil passions; wild.
[Colloq.]

ALL SAINTS; ALL SAINTS'
All" Saints`, All" Saints',

Defn: The first day of November, called, also, Allhallows or Hallowmas; a feast day kept in honor of all the saints; also, the season of this festival.

ALL SOULS' DAY
All" Souls' Day`.

Defn: The second day of November; a feast day of the Roman Catholic church, on which supplications are made for the souls of the faithful dead.

ALLSPICE
All"spice`, n.

Defn: The berry of the pimento (Eugenia pimenta), a tree of the West Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as, the Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus); wild allspice (Lindera benzoin), called also spicebush, spicewood, and feverbush.

ALLTHING
All`thing`, adv. Etym: [For in all (= every) thing.]

Defn: Altogether. [Obs.] Shak.

ALLUDE
Al*lude", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Alluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Alluding.]
Etym: [L. alludere to play with, to allude; ad + ludere to play.]

Defn: To refer to something indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not specifically and plainly mentioned; — followed by to; as, the story alludes to a recent transaction. These speeches . . . do seem to allude unto such ministerial garments as were then in use. Hooker.

Syn. — To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate; signify; insinuate; advert. See Refer.

ALLUDE
Al*lude", v. t.

Defn: To compare allusively; to refer (something) as applicable.
[Obs.] Wither.

ALLUMETTE
Al`lu`mette, n. Etym: [F., from allumer to light.]

Defn: A match for lighting candles, lamps, etc.

ALLUMINOR
Al*lu"mi*nor, n. Etym: [OF. alumineor, fr. L. ad + liminare. See
Luminate.]

Defn: An illuminator of manuscripts and books; a limner. [Obs.]
Cowell.

ALLURANCE
Al*lur"ance, n.

Defn: Allurement. [R.]

ALLURE
Al*lure", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Alluring.]
Etym: [OF. aleurrer, alurer, fr. a (L. ad) + leurre lure. See Lure.]

Defn: To attempt to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the offer of some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or acceptable; to entice; to attract. With promised joys allured them on. Falconer. The golden sun in splendor likest Heaven Allured his eye. Milton.

Syn. — To attract; entice; tempt; decoy; seduce. — To Allure, Entice, Decoy, Seduce. These words agree in the idea of acting upon the mind by some strong controlling influence, and differ according to the image under which is presented. They are all used in a bad sense, except allure, which has sometimes (though rarely) a good one. We are allured by the prospect or offer (usually deceptive) of some future good. We are commonly enticed into evil by appeals to our passions. We are decoyed into danger by false appearances or representations. We are seduced when drawn aside from the path of rectitude. What allures draws by gentle means; what entices leads us by promises and persuasions; what decoys betrays us, as it were, into a snare or net; what seduces deceives us by artful appeals to the passions.

ALLURE
Al*lure", n.

Defn: Allurement. [R.] Hayward.

ALLURE
Al`lure", n. Etym: [F.; aller to go.]

Defn: Gait; bearing.
The swing, the gait, the pose, the allure of these men. Harper's Mag.

ALLUREMENT
Al*lure"ment, n.

1. The act alluring; temptation; enticement. Though Adam by his wife's allurement fell. Milton.

2. That which allures; any real or apparent good held forth, or operating, as a motive to action; as, the allurements of pleasure, or of honor.

ALLURER
Al*lur"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, allures.

ALLURING
Al*lur"ing, a.

Defn: That allures; attracting; charming; tempting.
 — Al*lur"ing*ly, adv.
 — Al*lur"ing*ness, n.

ALLUSION Al*lu"sion, n. Etym: [L. allusio, fr. alludere to allude: cf. F. allusion.]

1. A figurative or symbolical reference. [Obs.]

2. A reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned; a covert indication; indirect reference; a hint.

ALLUSIVE
Al*lu"sive, a.

1. Figurative; symbolical.

2. Having reference to something not fully expressed; containing an allusion.

ALLUSIVELY
Al*lu"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: Figuratively [Obs.]; by way of allusion; by implication, suggestion, or insinuation.

ALLUSIVENESS
Al*lu"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being allusive.

ALLUSORY
Al*lu"so*ry, a.

Defn: Allusive. [R.] Warburton.

ALLUVIAL
Al*lu"vi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alluvial. See Alluvion.]

Defn: Pertaining to, contained in, or composed of, alluvium; relating to the deposits made by flowing water; washed away from one place and deposited in another; as, alluvial soil, mud, accumulations, deposits.

ALLUVION Al*lu"vi*on, n. Etym: [F. alluvion, L. alluvio, fr. alluere to wash against; ad + luere, equiv. to lavare, to wash. See Lave.]

1. Wash or flow of water against the shore or bank.

2. An overflowing; an inundation; a flood. Lyell.

3. Matter deposited by an inundation or the action of flowing water; alluvium. The golden alluvions are there [in California and Australia] spread over a far wider space: they are found not only on the banks of rivers, and in their beds, but are scattered over the surface of vast plains. R. Cobden.

4. (Law)

Defn: An accession of land gradually washed to the shore or bank by the flowing of water. See Accretion.

ALLUVIOUS
Al*lu"vi*ous, n. Etym: [L. alluvius. See Alluvion.]

Defn: Alluvial. [R.] Johnson.

ALLUVIUM Al*lu"vi*um, n.; pl. E. Alluviums, L. Alluvia. Etym: [L., neut. of alluvius. See Alluvious.] (Geol.)

Defn: Deposits of earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made by rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas. Lyell.

ALLWHERE
All"where`, adv.

Defn: Everywhere. [Archaic]

ALLWORK
All"work`, n.

Defn: Domestic or other work of all kinds; as, a maid of allwork, that is, a general servant.

ALLY
Al*ly", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Allied; p. pr. & vb. n. Allying.] Etym:
[OE. alien, OF. alier, F. alier, fr. L. alligare to bind to; ad +
ligare to bind. Cf. Alligate, Alloy, Allay, Ligament.]

1. To unite, or form a connection between, as between families by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or confederacy; — often followed by to or with. O chief! in blood, and now in arms allied. Pope.

2. To connect or form a relation between by similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love. These three did love each other dearly well, And with so firm affection were allied. Spenser. The virtue nearest to our vice allied. Pope.

Note: Ally is generally used in the passive form or reflexively.

ALLY
Al*ly", n.; pl. Allies. Etym: [See Ally, v.]

1. A relative; a kinsman. [Obs.] Shak.

2. One united to another by treaty or league; — usually applied to sovereigns or states; a confederate. The English soldiers and their French allies. Macaulay.

3. Anything associated with another as a helper; an auxiliary. Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its ally. Buckle.

4. Anything akin to another by structure, etc.

ALLY
Al"ly, n.

Defn: See Alley, a marble or taw.

ALLYL
Al"lyl, n. Etym: [L. allium garlic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: An organic radical, C3H5, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard.

ALLYLENE
Al"ly*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H4, homologous with acetylene; propine. CH3.C.CH

ALMA; ALMAH
Al"ma, Al"mah, n.

Defn: Same as Alme.

ALMACANTAR Al`ma*can"tar, n. (Astron.) (a) Same as Almucantar. (b) A recently invented instrument for observing the heavenly bodies as they cross a given almacantar circle. See Almucantar.

ALMADIA; ALMADIE Al`ma*di"a, Al"ma*die, n. Etym: [F. almadie (cf. Sp. & Pg. almadia), fr. Ar. alma'diyah a raft, float.] (Naut.) (a) A bark canoe used by the Africans. (b) A boat used at Calicut, in India, about eighty feet long, and six or seven broad.

ALMAGEST Al"ma*gest, n. Etym: [F. almageste, LL. almageste, Ar. al-majisti, fr. Gr.

Defn: The celebrated work of Ptolemy of Alexandria, which contains nearly all that is known of the astronomical observations and theories of the ancients. The name was extended to other similar works.

ALMAGRA Al*ma"gra, n. Etym: [Sp. almagra, almagre, fr. Ar. al-maghrah red clay or earth.]

Defn: A fine, deep red ocher, somewhat purplish, found in Spain. It is the sil atticum of the ancients. Under the name of Indian red it is used for polishing glass and silver.

ALMAIN; ALMAYNE; ALMAN
Al"main, Al"mayne, Al"man, n. Etym: [OF. Aleman, F. Allemand, fr. L.
Alemanni, ancient Ger. tribes.] [Obs.]

1. A German. Also adj.,

Defn: German. Shak.

2. The German language. J. Foxe.

3. A kind of dance. See Allemande. Almain rivets, Almayne rivets, or Alman rivets, a sort of light armor from Germany, characterized by overlapping plates, arranged to slide on rivets, and thus afford great flexibility.

ALMA MATER
Al"ma Ma"ter. Etym: [L., fostering mother.]

Defn: A college or seminary where one is educated.

ALMANAC Al"ma*nac, n. Etym: [LL. almanac, almanach: cf. F. almanach, Sp. almanaque, It. almanacco, all of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A book or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, etc. Nautical almanac, an almanac, or year book, containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and other information useful to mariners.

ALMANDINE Al"man*dine, n. Etym: [LL. almandina, alamandina, for L. alabandina a precious stone, named after Alabanda, a town in Caria, where it was first and chiefly found: cf. F. almandine.] (Min.)

Defn: The common red variety of garnet.

ALME; ALMEH Al"me, Al"meh, n. Etym: [Ar. 'almah (fem.) learned, fr. 'alama to know: cf. F. almée.]

Defn: An Egyptian dancing girl; an Alma.
The Almehs lift their arms in dance. Bayard Taylor.

ALMENDRON
Al`men*dron", n. Etym: [Sp., fr. almendra almond.]

Defn: The lofty Brazil-nut tree.

ALMERY
Al"mer*y, n.

Defn: See Ambry. [Obs.]

ALMESSE
Alm"esse, n.

Defn: See Alms. [Obs.]

ALMIGHTFUL; ALMIGHTIFUL
Al*might"ful, Al*might"i*ful, a.

Defn: All-powerful; almighty. [Obs.] Udall.

ALMIGHTILY
Al*might"i*ly, adv.

Defn: With almighty power.

ALMIGHTINESS
Al*might"i*ness, n.

Defn: Omnipotence; infinite or boundless power; unlimited might. Jer.
Taylor.

ALMIGHTY Al*might"y, a. Etym: [AS. ealmihtig, ælmihtig; eal (OE. al) ail + mihtig mighty.]

1. Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful; irresistible. I am the Almighty God. Gen. xvii. 1.

2. Great; extreme; terrible. [Slang] Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, — so that he is in an almighty fix. De Quincey. The Almighty, the omnipotent God. Rev. i. 8.

ALMNER
Alm"ner, n.

Defn: An almoner. [Obs.] Spenser.

ALMOND Alm"ond, n. Etym: [OE. almande, almaunde, alemaunde, F. amande, L. amygdala, fr. Gr. almendra. Cf. Amygdalate.]

1. The fruit of the almond tree.

Note: The different kinds, as bitter, sweet, thin-shelled, thick- shelled almonds, and Jordan almonds, are the products of different varieties of the one species, Amygdalus communis, a native of the Mediterranean region and western Asia.

2. The tree bears the fruit; almond tree.

3. Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically: (Anat.)

Defn: One of the tonsils. Almond oil, fixed oil expressed from sweet
or bitter almonds.
 — Oil of bitter almonds, a poisonous volatile oil obtained from
bitter almonds by maceration and distillation; benzoic aldehyde.
 — Imitation oil of bitter almonds, nitrobenzene.
 — Almond tree (Bot.), the tree bearing the almond.
 — Almond willow (Bot.), a willow which has leaves that are of a
light green on both sides; almond-leaved willow (Salix amygdalina).
Shenstone.

ALMOND FURNACE
Al"mond fur`nace. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of Almain furnace, i. e.,
German furnace. See Almain.]

Defn: A kind of furnace used in refining, to separate the metal from cinders and other foreign matter. Chambers.

ALMONDINE
Al"mon*dine, n.

Defn: See Almandine

ALMONER
Al"mon*er, n. Etym: [OE. aumener, aulmener, OF. almosnier, aumosnier,
F. aumônier, fr. OF. almosne, alms, L. eleemosyna. See Alms.]

Defn: One who distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious houses, almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another, as the almoner of a prince, bishop, etc.

ALMONERSHIP
Al"mon*er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an almoner.

ALMONRY Al"mon*ry, n.; pl. Almonries. Etym: [OF. aumosnerie, F. aumônerie, fr. OF. aumosnier. See Almoner.]

Defn: The place where an almoner resides, or where alms are distributed.

ALMOSE
Al"mose, n.

Defn: Alms. [Obs.] Cheke.

ALMOST Al"most, adv. Etym: [AS. ealmæst, ælmæst, quite the most, almost all; eal (OE. al) all + m most.]

Defn: Nearly; well nigh; all but; for the greatest part.
Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28.
Almost never, scarcely ever.
 — Almost nothing, scarcely anything.

ALMRY
Alm"ry, n.

Defn: See Almonry. [Obs.]

ALMS Alms, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [OE. almes, almesse, AS. ælmysse, fr. L. eleemosyna, Gr. Almonry, Eleemosynary.]

Defn: Anything given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money,
food, or clothing; a gift of charity.
A devout man . . . which gave much alms to the people. Acts x. 2.
Alms are but the vehicles of prayer. Dryden.
Tenure by free alms. See Frankalmoign. Blackstone.

Note: This word alms is singular in its form (almesse), and is sometimes so used; as, "asked an alms." Acts iii. 3."Received an alms." Shak. It is now, however, commonly a collective or plural noun. It is much used in composition, as almsgiver, almsgiving, alms bag, alms chest, etc.

ALMSDEED
Alms"deed`, n.

Defn: An act of charity. Acts ix. 36.

ALMSFOLK
Alms"folk`, n.

Defn: Persons supported by alms; almsmen. [Archaic] Holinshed.

ALMSGIVER
Alms"giv`er, n.

Defn: A giver of alms.

ALMSGIVING
Alms"giv`ing, n.

Defn: The giving of alms.

ALMSHOUSE
Alms"house`, n.

Defn: A house appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.

ALMSMAN
Alms"man, n.; fem. Almswoman.

1. A recipient of alms. Shak.

2. A giver of alms. [R.] Halliwell.

ALMUCANTAR Al`mu*can"tar, n. Etym: [F. almucantarat, almicantarat, ultimately fr. Ar. al-muqantarat, pl., fr. qantara to bend, arch.] (Astron.)

Defn: A small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon; a circle or parallel of altitude. Two stars which have the same almucantar have the same altitude. See Almacantar. [Archaic] Almucanter staff, an ancient instrument, having an arc of fifteen degrees, formerly used at sea to take observations of the sun's amplitude at the time of its rising or setting, to find the variation of the compass.

ALMUCE
Al"muce, n.

Defn: Same as Amice, a hood or cape.

ALMUDE Al*mude", n. Etym: [Pg. almude, or Sp. almud, a measure of grain or dry fruit, fr. Ar. al-mudd a dry measure.]

Defn: A measure for liquids in several countries. In Portugal the
Lisbon almude is about 4.4, and the Oporto almude about 6.6, gallons
U. S. measure. In Turkey the "almud" is about 1.4 gallons.

ALMUG; ALGUM Al"mug, Al"gum, n. Etym: [Heb., perh. borrowed fr. Skr. valguka sandalwood.] (Script.)

Defn: A tree or wood of the Bible (2 Chron. ii. 8; 1 K. x. 11).

Note: Most writers at the present day follow Celsius, who takes it to be the red sandalwood of China and the Indian Archipelago. W. Smith.

ALNAGE
Al"nage, n., Etym: [OF. alnage, aulnage, F. aunage, fr. OF. alne ell,
of Ger. origin: cf. OHG. elina, Goth. aleina, cubit. See Ell.] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: Measurement (of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such measurement.

ALNAGER
Al"na*ger, n. Etym: [See Alnage.]

Defn: A measure by the ell; formerly a sworn officer in England, whose duty was to inspect act measure woolen cloth, and fix upon it a seal.

ALOE
Al"oe, n.; pl. Aloes. Etym: [L. aloë, Gr. aloe, F. aloès.]

1. pl.

Defn: The wood of the agalloch. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of succulent plants, some classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number having the habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants; from some of which are prepared articles for medicine and the arts. They are natives of warm countries.

3. pl. (Med.)

Defn: The inspissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a purgative. [Plural in form but syntactically singular.] American aloe, Century aloe, the agave. See Agave.

ALOES WOOD
Al"oes wood`.

Defn: See Agalloch.

ALOETIC
Al`o*et"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aloétique.]

Defn: Consisting chiefly of aloes; of the nature of aloes.

ALOETIC
Al`o*et"ic, n.

Defn: A medicine containing chiefly aloes.

ALOFT
A*loft", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + loft, which properly meant air. See
Loft.]

1. On high; in the air; high above the ground. "He steers his flight aloft." Milton.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: In the top; at the mast head, or on the higher yards or rigging; overhead; hence (Fig. and Colloq.), in or to heaven.

ALOFT
A*loft", prep.

Defn: Above; on top of. [Obs.]
Fresh waters run aloft the sea. Holland.

ALOGIAN
A*lo"gi*an, n. Etym: [LL. Alogiani, Alogii, fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of an ancient sect who rejected St. John's Gospel and the
Apocalypse, which speak of Christ as the Logos. Shipley.

ALOGY
Al"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. alogia, Gr.

Defn: Unreasonableness; absurdity. [Obs.]

ALOIN
Al"o*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter purgative principle in aloes.

ALOMANCY
Al"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. alomancie, halomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of salt. [Spelt also halomancy.] Morin.

ALONE A*lone", a. Etym: [All + one. OE. al one all allone, AS. an one, alone. See All, One, Lone.]

1. Quite by one's self; apart from, or exclusive of, others; single; solitary; — applied to a person or thing. Alone on a wide, wide sea. Coleridge. It is not good that the man should be alone. Gen. ii. 18.

2. Of or by itself; by themselves; without any thing more or any one else; without a sharer; only. Man shall not live by bread alone. Luke iv. 4. The citizens alone should be at the expense. Franklin.

3. Sole; only; exclusive. [R.] God, by whose alone power and conversation we all live, and move, and have our being. Bentley.

4. Hence; Unique; rare; matchless. Shak.

Note: The adjective alone commonly follows its noun. To let or leave alone, to abstain from interfering with or molesting; to suffer to remain in its present state.

ALONE
A*lone", adv.

Defn: Solely; simply; exclusively.

ALONELY
A*lone"ly, adv.

Defn: Only; merely; singly. [Obs.] This said spirit was not given alonely unto him, but unto all his heirs and posterity. Latimer.

ALONELY
A*lone"ly, a.

Defn: Exclusive. [Obs.] Fabyan.

ALONENESS
A*lone"ness, n.

Defn: A state of being alone, or without company; solitariness. [R.]
Bp. Montagu.

ALONG
A*long", adv. Etym: [OE. along, anlong, AS. andlang, along; pref.
and- (akin to OFris. ond-, OHG. ant-, Ger. ent-, Goth. and-, anda-,
L. ante, Gr. anti, over against) + lang long. See Long.]

1. By the length; in a line with the length; lengthwise. Some laid along . . . on spokes of wheels are hung. Dryden.

2. In a line, or with a progressive motion; onward; forward.
We will go along by the king's highway. Numb. xxi. 22.
He struck with his o'ertaking wings, And chased us south along.
Coleridge.

3. In company; together. He to England shall along with you. Shak. All along, all trough the course of; during the whole time; throughout. "I have all along declared this to be a neutral paper." Addison. — To get along, to get on; to make progress, as in business. "She 'll get along in heaven better than you or I." Mrs. Stowe.

ALONG
A*long", prep.

Defn: By the length of, as distinguished from across. "Along the
lowly lands." Dryden.
The kine . . . went along the highway. 1 Sam. vi. 12.

ALONG
A*long". Etym: [AS. gelang owing to.]

Defn: (Now heard only in the prep. phrase along of.) Along of, Along on, often shortened to Long of, prep. phr., owing to; on account of. [Obs. or Low. Eng.] "On me is not along thin evil fare." Chaucer. "And all this is long of you." Shak. "This increase of price is all along of the foreigners." London Punch.

ALONGSHORE
A*long"shore`, adv.

Defn: Along the shore or coast.

ALONGSHOREMAN
A*long"shore`man, n.

Defn: See Longshoreman.

ALONGSIDE
A*long"side`, adv.

Defn: Along or by the side; side by side with; — often with of; as, bring the boat alongside; alongside of him; alongside of the tree.

ALONGST A*longst", prep. & adv. Etym: [Formed fr. along, like amongst fr. among.]

Defn: Along. [Obs.]

ALOOF
A*loof", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Alewife.

ALOOF A*loof", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + loof, fr. D. loef luff, and so meaning, as a nautical word, to the windward. See Loof, Luff.]

1. At or from a distance, but within view, or at a small distance; apart; away. Our palace stood aloof from streets. Dryden.

2. Without sympathy; unfavorably. To make the Bible as from the hand of God, and then to look at it aloof and with caution, is the worst of all impieties. I. Taylor.

ALOOF
A*loof", prep.

Defn: Away from; clear from. [Obs.] Rivetus . . . would fain work himself aloof these rocks and quicksands. Milton.

ALOOFNESS
A*loof"ness, n.

Defn: State of being aloof. Rogers (1642).
The . . . aloofness of his dim forest life. Thoreau.

ALOPECIA; ALOPECY
Al`o*pe"ci*a, A*lop"e*cy, n. Etym: [L. alopecia, Gr. (med.)

Defn: Loss of the hair; baldness.

ALOPECIST
A*lop"e*cist, n.

Defn: A practitioner who tries to prevent or cure baldness.

ALOSE
A*lose", v. t. Etym: [OE. aloser.]

Defn: To praise. [Obs.]

ALOSE
A"lose, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. alosa or alausa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European shad (Clupea alosa); — called also allice shad or allis shad. The name is sometimes applied to the American shad (Clupea sapidissima). See Shad.

ALOUATTE
Al`ou*atte", n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the several species of howling monkeys of South America.
See Howler, 2.

ALOUD
A*loud", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + loud.]

Defn: With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly.
Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice. Isa. lviii. 1.

ALOW
A*low", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + low.]

Defn: Below; in a lower part. "Aloft, and then alow." Dryden.

ALP
Alp, n. Etym: [L. Alpes the Alps, said to be of Celtic origin; cf.
Gael. alp a high mountain, Ir. ailp any huge mass or lump: cf. F.
Alpes.]

1. A very high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of Switzerland, etc. Nor breath of vernal air from snowy alp. Milton. Hills peep o'er hills, and alps on alps arise. Pope.

2. Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard to be surmounted.

Note: The plural form Alps is sometimes used as a singular. "The Alps doth spit." Shak.

ALP
Alp, n.

Defn: A bullfinch. Rom. of R.

ALPACA Al*pac"a, n. Etym: [Sp. alpaca, fr. the original Peruvian name of the animal. Cf. Paco.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of Peru (Lama paco), having long, fine, wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the llama.

2. Wool of the alpaca.

3. A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton.

ALPEN
Al"pen, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Alps. [R.] "The Alpen snow." J.
Fletcher.

ALPENGLOW
Al"pen*glow`, n.

Defn: A reddish glow seen near sunset or sunrise on the summits of mountains; specif., a reillumination sometimes observed after the summits have passed into shadow, supposed to be due to a curving downward (refraction) of the light rays from the west resulting from the cooling of the air.

ALPENHORN; ALPHORN
{ Al"pen*horn`, Alp"horn` }, n. [G. Alpenhorn.]

Defn: A curved wooden horn about three feet long, with a cupped mouthpiece and a bell, used by the Swiss to sound the ranz des vaches and other melodies. Its notes are open harmonics of the tube.

ALPENSTOCK
Al"pen*stock`, n. Etym: [G.; Alp, gen. pl. Alpen + stock stick.]

Defn: A long staff, pointed with iron, used in climbing the Alps.
Cheever.

ALPESTRINE
Al*pes"trine, a. Etym: [L. Alpestris.]

Defn: Pertaining to the Alps, or other high mountains; as, Alpestrine diseases, etc.

ALPHA Al"pha, n. Etym: [L. alpha, Gr. 'a`lfa, from Heb. aleph, name of the first letter in the alphabet, also meaning ox.]

Defn: The first letter in the Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the beginning. In am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Rev. xxii. 13.

Note: Formerly used also denote the chief; as, Plato was the alpha of the wits.

Note: In cataloguing stars, the brightest star of a constellation in designated by Alpha (a); as, a Lyræ.

ALPHABET Al"pha*bet, n. Etym: [L. alphabetum, fr. Gr. aleph and beth: cf. F. alphabet.]

1. The letters of a language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters or signs which form the elements of written language.

2. The simplest rudiments; elements. The very alphabet of our law. Macaulay. Deaf and dumb alphabet. See Dactylology.

ALPHABET
Al"pha*bet, v. t.

Defn: To designate by the letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically. [R.]

ALPHABETARIAN
Al`pha*bet*a"ri*an, n.

Defn: A learner of the alphabet; an abecedarian. Abp. Sancroft.

ALPHABETIC; ALPHABETICAL
Al`pha*bet"ic, Al`pha*bet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alphabétique.]

1. Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order of, the letters of the alphabet; as, alphabetic characters, writing, languages, arrangement.

2. Literal. [Obs.] "Alphabetical servility." Milton.

ALPHABETICALLY
Al`pha*bet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an alphabetic manner; in the customary order of the letters.

ALPHABETICS
Al`pha*bet"ics, n.

Defn: The science of representing spoken sounds by letters.

ALPHABETISM
Al"pha*bet*ism, n.

Defn: The expression of spoken sounds by an alphabet. Encyc. Brit.

ALPHABETIZE
Al"pha*bet*ize, v. t.

1. To arrange alphabetically; as, to alphabetize a list of words.

2. To furnish with an alphabet.

ALPHA PAPER
Al"pha pa"per. (Photog.)

Defn: A sensitized paper for obtaining positives by artificial light.
It is coated with gelatin containing silver bromide and chloride.
[Eng.]

ALPHA RAYS
Alpha rays. (Physics & Chem.)

Defn: Rays of relatively low penetrating power emitted by radium and other radioactive substances, and shown to consist of positively charged particles (perhaps particles of helium) having enormous velocities but small masses. They are slightly deflected by a strong magnetic or electric field.

AL-PHITOMANCY
Al-phit"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. mancy: cf. F. alphitomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of barley meal. Knowles.

ALPHOL
Al"phol, n. [Alpha- + -ol as in alcohol.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A crystalline derivative of salicylic acid, used as an antiseptic and antirheumatic.

ALPHONSINE
Al*phon"sine, a.

Defn: Of or relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile (1252- 1284). Alphonsine tables, astronomical tables prepared under the patronage of Alphonso the Wise. Whewell.

ALPIGENE
Al"pi*gene, a. Etym: [L. Alpes Alps + -gen.]

Defn: Growing in Alpine regions.

ALPINE
Al"pine, a. Etym: [L. Alpinus, fr. Alpes the Alps: cf. F. Alpin.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain; as, Alpine snows; Alpine plants.

2. Like the Alps; lofty. "Gazing up an Alpine height." Tennyson.

ALPINIST
Al"pin*ist, n.

Defn: A climber of the Alps.

ALPIST; ALPIA
Al"pist, Al"pi*a, n. Etym: [F.: cf. Sp. & Pg. alpiste.]

Defn: The seed of canary grass (Phalaris Canariensis), used for feeding cage birds.

ALQUIFOU Al"qui*fou, n. Etym: [Equiv. to arquifoux, F. alquifoux, Sp. alquifól, fr. the same Arabic word as alcohol. See Alcohol.]

Defn: A lead ore found in Cornwall, England, and used by potters to give a green glaze to their wares; potter's ore.

ALREADY
Al*read"y, adv. Etym: [All (OE. al) + ready.]

Defn: Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously. "Joseph was in Egypt already." Exod. i. 5. I say unto you, that Elias is come already. Matt. xvii. 12.

Note: It has reference to past time, but may be used for a future past; as, when you shall arrive, the business will be already completed, or will have been already completed.

ALS
Als, adv.

1. Also. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. As. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ALSATIAN
Al*sa"tian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Alsatia.

ALSATIAN
Al*sa"tian, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Alsatia or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or
White Friars (a resort of debtors and criminals) in London.

AL SEGNO
Al` se"gno. Etym: [It., to the mark or sign.](Mus.)

Defn: A direction for the performer to return and recommence from the sign

ALSIKE
Al"sike, n. Etym: [From Alsike, in Sweden.]

Defn: A species of clover with pinkish or white flowers; Trifolium hybridum.

ALSO Al"so, adv. & conj. Etym: [All + so. OE. al so, AS. ealswa, alsw, ælswæ; eal, al, æl, all + swa so. See All, So, As.]

1. In like manner; likewise. [Obs.]

2. In addition; besides; as well; further; too. Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . for where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. Matt. vi. 20.

3. Even as; as; so. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn. — Also, Likewise, Too. These words are used by way of transition, in leaving one thought and passing to another. Also is the widest term. It denotes that what follows is all so, or entirely like that which preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, "If you were there, I was there also;" "If our situation has some discomforts, it has also many sources of enjoyment." Too is simply less formal and pointed than also; it marks the transition with a lighter touch; as, "I was there too;" "a courtier yet a patriot too." Pope. Likewise denotes literally "in like manner," and hence has been thought by some to be more specific than also. "It implies," says Whately, "some connection or agreement between the words it unites. We may say, ` He is a poet, and likewise a musician; ' but we should not say, ` He is a prince, and likewise a musician,' because there is no natural connection between these qualities." This distinction, however, is often disregarded.

ALT
Alt, a. & n. Etym: [See Alto.] (Mus.)

Defn: The higher part of the scale. See Alto. To be in alt, to be in an exalted state of mind.

ALTAIAN; ALTAIC
Al*ta"ian, Al*ta"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. altaïque.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Altai, a mountain chain in Central
Asia.

ALTAR Al"tar, n. Etym: [OE. alter, auter, autier, fr. L. altare, pl. altaria, altar, prob. fr. altus high: cf. OF. alter, autier, F. autel. Cf. Altitude.]

1. A raised structure (as a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices are offered or incense burned to a deity. Noah builded an altar unto the Lord. Gen. viii. 20.

2. In the Christian church, a construction of stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy Eucharist; the communion table.

Note: Altar is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a
compound; as, altar bread or altar-bread. Altar cloth or Altar-cloth,
the cover for an altar in a Christian church, usually richly
embroidered.
 — Altar cushion, a cushion laid upon the altar in a Christian
church to support the service book.
 — Altar frontal. See Frontal.
 — Altar rail, the railing in front of the altar or communion table.
 — Altar screen, a wall or partition built behind an altar to
protect it from approach in the rear.
 — Altar tomb, a tomb resembling an altar in shape, etc.
 — Family altar, place of family devotions.
 — To lead (as a bride) to the altar, to marry; — said of a woman.

ALTARAGE
Al"tar*age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. auterage, autelage.]

1. The offerings made upon the altar, or to a church.

2. The profit which accrues to the priest, by reason of the altar, from the small tithes. Shipley.

ALTARIST Al"tar*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. altarista, F. altariste.] (Old Law) (a) A chaplain. (b) A vicar of a church.

ALTARPIECE
Al"tar*piece`, n.

Defn: The painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar; reredos.

ALTARWISE
Al"tar*wise`, adv.

Defn: In the proper position of an altar, that is, at the east of a church with its ends towards the north and south. Shipley.

ALTAZIMUTH
Alt*az"i*muth, n. Etym: [Alltude + azimuth.] (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument for taking azimuths and altitudes simultaneously.

ALTER
Al"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Altered; p. pr. & vb. n. Altering.] Etym:
[F. altérer, LL. alterare, fr. L. alter other, alius other. Cf. Else,
Other.]

1. To make otherwise; to change in some respect, either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify. "To alter the king's course." "To alter the condition of a man." "No power in Venice can alter a decree." Shak. It gilds all objects, but it alters none. Pope. My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips. Ps. lxxxix. 34.

2. To agitate; to affect mentally. [Obs.] Milton.

3. To geld. [Colloq.]

Syn. — Change, Alter. Change is generic and the stronger term. It may express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in place of another; alter commonly expresses a partial change, or a change in form or details without destroying identity.

ALTER
Al"ter, v. i.

Defn: To become, in some respects, different; to vary; to change; as, the weather alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by exposure. "The law of the Medes and Persians, which altereth not." Dan. vi. 8.

ALTERABILITY
Al`ter*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. altérabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being alterable; alterableness.

ALTERABLE
Al"ter*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. altérable.]

Defn: Capable of being altered. Our condition in this world is mutable and uncertain, alterable by a thousand accidents. Rogers.

ALTERABLENESS
Al"ter*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alterable; variableness; alterability.

ALTERABLY
Al"ter*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an alterable manner.

ALTERANT
Al"ter*ant, a. Etym: [LL. alterans, p. pr.: cf. F. altérant.]

Defn: Altering; gradually changing. Bacon.

ALTERANT
Al"ter*ant, n.

Defn: An alterative. [R.] Chambers.

ALTERATION
Al`ter*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. altération.]

1. The act of altering or making different. Alteration, though it be from worse to better, hath in it incoveniences. Hooker.

2. The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of a thing; changed condition. Ere long might perceive Strange alteration in me. Milton. Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the sons of those who had been slaves; by which, and succeeding alterations, that council degenerated into a most corrupt. Swift.

ALTERATIVE
Al"ter*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. alterativus: cf. F. altératif.]

Defn: Causing ateration. Specifically:

Defn: Gradually changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the functions into one of health. Burton.

ALTERATIVE
Al"ter*a*tive, n.

Defn: A medicine or treatment which gradually induces a change, and restores healthy functions without sensible evacuations.

ALTERCATE
Al"ter*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Altercated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Altercating.] Etym: [L. altercatus, p. p. of altercare, altercari,
fr. alter another. See Alter.]

Defn: The contend in words; to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger; to wrangle.

ALTERCATION
Al`ter*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. altercation, fr. L. altercatio.]

Defn: Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy contest. "Stormy altercations." Macaulay.

Syn. — Altercation, Dispute, Wrangle. The term dispute is in most cases, but not necessarily, applied to a verbal contest; as, a dispute on the lawfulness of war. An altercation is an angry dispute between two parties, involving an interchange of severe language. A wrangle is a confused and noisy altercation. Their whole life was little else than a perpetual wrangling and altercation. Hakewill.

ALTERCATIVE
Al"ter*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by wrangling; scolding. [R.] Fielding.

ALTERITY
Al*ter"i*ty, n. Etym: [F. altérité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being other; a being otherwise. [R.] For outness is but the feeling of otherness (alterity) rendered intuitive, or alterity visually represented. Coleridge.

ALTERN
Al"tern, a. Etym: [L. alternus, fr. alter another: cf. F. alterne.]

Defn: Acting by turns; alternate. Milton. Altern base (Trig.), a second side made base, in distinction from a side previously regarded as base.

ALTERNACY
Al*ter"na*cy, n.

Defn: Alternateness; alternation. [R.] Mitford.

ALTERNANT
Al*ter"nant, a. Etym: [L. alternans, p. pr.: cf. F. alternant. See
Alternate, v. t.] (Geol.)

Defn: Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks.

ALTERNAT
Al`ter`nat", n. [F.]

Defn: A usage, among diplomats, of rotation in precedence among representatives of equal rank, sometimes determined by lot and at other times in regular order. The practice obtains in the signing of treaties and conventions between nations.

ALTERNATE Al*ter"nate, a. Etym: [L. alternatus, p. p. of alternate, fr. alternus. See Altern, Alter.]

1. Being or succeeding by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; by turns first one and then the other; hence, reciprocal. And bid alternate passions fall and rise. Pope.

2. Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second; as, the alternate members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. ; read every alternate line.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Distributed, as leaves, singly at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as respects angular divergence. Gray. Alternate alligation. See Alligation. — Alternate angles (Geom.), the internal and angles made by two lines with a third, on opposite sides of it. It the parallels AB, CD, are cut by the line EF, the angles AGH, GHD, as also the angles BGH and GHC, are called alternate angles. — Alternate generation. (Biol.) See under Generation.

ALTERNATE
Al*ter"nate, n.

1. That which alternates with something else; vicissitude. [R.] Grateful alternates of substantial. Prior.

2. A substitute; one designated to take the place of another, if necessary, in performing some duty.

3. (Math.)

Defn: A proportion derived from another proportion by interchanging the means.

ALTERNATE
Al"ter*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alternated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Alternating.] Etym: [L. alternatus, p. p. of alternare. See Altern.]

Defn: To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly. The most high God, in all things appertaining unto this life, for sundry wise ends alternates the disposition of good and evil. Grew.

ALTERNATE
Al"ter*nate, v. i.

1. To happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place or time; — followed by with; as, the flood and ebb tides alternate with each other. Rage, shame, and grief alternate in his breast. J. Philips. Different species alternating with each other. Kirwan.

2. To vary by turns; as, the land alternates between rocky hills and sandy plains.

ALTERNATELY
Al*ter"nate*ly, adv.

1. In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate order.

2. (Math.)

Defn: By alternation; when, in a proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and consequent.

ALTERNATENESS
Al*ter"nate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alternate, or of following by turns.

ALTERNATING CURRENT
Al"ter*nat`ing cur"rent. (Elec.)

Defn: A current which periodically changes or reverses its direction of flow.

ALTERNATION
Al`ter*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. alternatio: cf. F. alternation.]

1. The reciprocal succession of things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; as, the alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and winter, hope and fear.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Permutation.

3. The response of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister. Mason. Alternation of generation. See under Generation.

ALTERNATIVE
Al*ter"na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. alternatif.]

1. Offering a choice of two things.

2. Disjunctive; as, an alternative conjunction.

3. Alternate; reciprocal. [Obs.] Holland.

ALTERNATIVE
Al*ter"na*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. alternative, LL. alternativa.]

1. An offer of two things, one of which may be chosen, but not both; a choice between two things, so that if one is taken, the other must be left. There is something else than the mere alternative of absolute destruction or unreformed existence. Burke.

2. Either of two things or propositions offered to one's choice. Thus when two things offer a choice of one only, the two things are called alternatives. Having to choose between two alternatives, safety and war, you obstinately prefer the worse. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

3. The course of action or the thing offered in place of another. If this demand is refused the alternative is war. Lewis. With no alternative but death. Longfellow.

4. A choice between more than two things; one of several things
offered to choose among.
My decided preference is for the fourth and last of thalternatives.
Gladstone.

ALTERNATIVELY
Al*ter"na*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of alternatives, or that admits the choice of one out of two things.

ALTERNATIVENESS
Al*ter"na*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being alternative, or of offering a choice between two.

ALTERNATOR
Al"ter*na`tor, n. (Elec.)

Defn: An electric generator or dynamo for producing alternating currents.

ALTERNITY
Al*ter"ni*ty, n. Etym: [LL. alternitas.]

Defn: Succession by turns; alternation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

ALTHAEA; ALTHEA Al*thæ"a, Al*the"a, n. Etym: [althaea, Gr. (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants of the Mallow family. It includes the officinal marsh mallow, and the garden hollyhocks. (b) An ornamental shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus) of the Mallow family.

ALTHEINE
Al*the"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Asparagine.

ALTHING Al"thing, n. [Icel. (modern) alping, earlier alpingi; allr all + ping assembly. See All, and Thing.]

Defn: The national assembly or parliament of Iceland. See Thing, n., 8.

ALTHO
Al*tho", conj.

Defn: Although. [Reformed spelling] Alt"horn`, n. Etym: [Alt + horn.]
(Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of the saxhorn family, used exclusively in military music, often replacing the French horn. Grove.

ALTHORN
Alt"horn`, n. [Alt + horn.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of the saxhorn family, used exclusively in military music, often replacing the French horn. Grove.

ALTHOUGH
Al*though", conj. Etym: [All + though; OE. al thagh.]

Defn: Grant all this; be it that; supposing that; notwithstanding;
though.
Although all shall be offended, yet will no I. Mark xiv. 29.

Syn. — Although, Though. Although, which originally was perhaps more emphatic than though, is now interchangeable with it in the sense given above. Euphonic consideration determines the choice.

ALTILOQUENCE
Al*til"o*quence, n.

Defn: Lofty speech; pompous language. [R.] Bailey.

ALTILOQUENT Al*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. altus (adv. alte) high + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.]

Defn: High-sounding; pompous in speech. [R.] Bailey.

ALTIMETER Al*tim"e*ter, n. Etym: [LL. altimeter; altus high + metrum, Gr. altimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant, etc. Knight.

ALTIMETRY
Al*tim"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. altimétrie.]

Defn: The art of measuring altitudes, or heights.

ALTINCAR
Al*tin"car, n.

Defn: See Tincal.

ALTISCOPE
Al"ti*scope, n. Etym: [L. altus high + Gr.

Defn: An arrangement of lenses and mirrors which enables a person to see an object in spite of intervening objects.

ALTISONANT Al*tis"o*nant, a. Etym: [L. altus high + sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.]

Defn: High-sounding; lofty or pompous. Skelton.

ALTISONOUS
Al*tis"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. altisonus.]

Defn: Altisonant.

ALTISSIMO
Al*tis"si*mo, n. Etym: [It.; superl. of alto.] (Mus.)

Defn: The part or notes situated above F in alt.

ALTITUDE
Al"ti*tude, n. Etym: [L. altitudo, fr. altus high. Cf. Altar,
Haughty, Enhance.]

1. Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or above a given level, or of one object above another; as, the altitude of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a tree.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The elevation of a point, or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, measured by the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between such point and the horizon. It is either true or apparent; true when measured from the rational or real horizon, apparent when from the sensible or apparent horizon.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The perpendicular distance from the base of a figure to the summit, or to the side parallel to the base; as, the altitude of a triangle, pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc.

4. Height of degree; highest point or degree. He is [proud] even to the altitude of his virtue. Shak.

5. Height of rank or excellence; superiority. Swift.

6. pl.

Defn: Elevation of spirits; heroics; haughty airs. [Colloq.]
Richardson.
The man of law began to get into his altitude. Sir W. Scott.
Meridian altitude, an arc of the meridian intercepted between the
south point on the horizon and any point on the meridian. See
Meridian, 3.

ALTITUDINAL
Al`ti*tu"di*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to height; as, altitudinal measurements.

ALTITUDINARIAN
Al`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an, a.

Defn: Lofty in doctrine, aims, etc. [R.] Coleridge.

ALTIVOLANT
Al*tiv"o*lant, a. Etym: [L. altivolans. See Volant.]

Defn: Flying high. [Obs.] Blount.

ALTO
Al"to, n.; pl. Altos. Etym: [It. alto high, fr. L. altus. Cf. Alt.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: Formerly the part sung by the highest male, or counter-tenor, voices; now the part sung by the lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and soprano. In instrumental music it now signifies the tenor.

2. An alto singer. Alto clef (Mus.) the counter-tenor clef, or the C clef, placed so that the two strokes include the middle line of the staff. Moore.

ALTO-CUMULUS
Al`to-cu"mu*lus, n. [L. altus high + L. & E. cumulus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or grayish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows.

ALTOGETHER Al`to*geth"er, adv. Etym: [OE. altogedere; al all + togedere together. See Together.]

1. All together; conjointly. [Obs.] Altogether they wenChaucer.

2. Without exception; wholly; completely. Every man at his best state is altogether vanity. Ps. xxxix. 5.

ALTOMETER
Al*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. altus high + -meter.]

Defn: A theodolite. Knight.

ALTO-RELIEVO
Al"to-re*lie"vo, n.

Defn: Alto-rilievo.

ALTO-RILIEVO
Al"to-ri*lie*vo, n.; pl. Alto-rilievos. Etym: [It.] (Sculp.)

Defn: High relief; sculptured work in which the figures project more than half their thickness; as, this figure is an alto-rilievo or in alto-rilievo.

Note: When the figure stands only half out, it is called mezzo- rilievo, demi-rilievo, or medium relief; when its projection is less than one half, basso-rilievo, bas-relief, or low relief.

ALTO-STRATUS
Al`to-stra"tus, n. [L. altus high + L. & E. stratus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A cloud formation similar to cirro-stratus, but heavier and at a lower level.

ALTRICAL
Al"tri*cal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like the articles.

ALTRICES
Al*tri"ces, n. pl. Etym: [L., nourishes, pl. of altrix.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Nursers, — a term applied to those birds whose young are hatched in a very immature and helpless condition, so as to require the care of their parents for some time; — opposed to præcoces.

ALTRUISM Al"tru*ism, n. Etym: [F. altruisme (a word of Comte's), It. altrui of or to others, fr. L. alter another.]

Defn: Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness; — opposed to egoism or selfishness. [Recent] J. S. Mill.

ALTRUIST
Al"tru*ist, n.

Defn: One imbued with altruism; — opposed to egoist.

ALTRUISTIC
Al`tru*is"tic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. altruiste, a. See Altruism..]

Defn: Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish; — opposed to Ant: egoistic or Ant: selfish. Bain. — Al`tru*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

ALUDEL
Al"u*del, n. Etym: [F. & Sp. aludel, fr. Ar. aluthal.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the pear-shaped pots open at both ends, and so formed as to be fitted together, the neck of one into the bottom of another in succession; — used in the process of sublimation. Ure.

ALULA
Al"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. ala a wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A false or bastard wing. See under Bastard.

ALULAR
Al"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the alula.

ALUM Al"um, n. Etym: [OE. alum, alom, OF. alum, F. alun, fr. L. alumen alum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double sulphate formed of aluminium and some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization.

Note: Common alum is the double sulphate of aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is extended so as to include other double sulphates similar to alum in formula.

ALUM
Al"um, v. t.

Defn: To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum. Ure.

ALUMEN
A*lu"men, n. Etym: [L.] (Chem.)

Defn: Alum.

ALUMINA
A*lu"mi*na, n. Etym: [L. alumen, aluminis. See Alum.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the earths, consisting of two parts of aluminium and three of oxygen, Al2O3.

Note: It is the oxide of the metal aluminium, the base of aluminous salts, a constituent of a large part of the earthy siliceous minerals, as the feldspars, micas, scapolites, etc., and the characterizing ingredient of common clay, in which it exists as an impure silicate with water, resulting from the decomposition of other aluminous minerals. In its natural state, it is the mineral corundum.

ALUMINATE
A*lu`mi*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound formed from the hydrate of aluminium by the substitution of a metal for the hydrogen.

ALUMINATED
A*lu"mi*na`ted. a.

Defn: Combined with alumina.

ALUMINE
Al"u*mine, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Alumina. Davy.

ALUMINIC
Al`u*min"ic, a.

Defn: Of or containing aluminium; as, aluminic phosphate.

ALUMINIFEROUS A*lu`mi*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. alumen alum + -ferous: cf. F. aluminifère.]

Defn: Containing alum.

ALUMINIFORM
A*lu"mi*ni*form, a. Etym: [L. alumen + -form.]

Defn: pertaining the form of alumina.

ALUMINIUM
Al`u*min"i*um, n. Etym: [L. alumen. See Alum.] (Chem.)

Defn: The metallic base of alumina. This metal is white, but with a bluish tinge, and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation, and for its lightness, pertaining a specific gravity of about 2.6. Atomic weight 27.08. Symbol Al. Aluminium bronze or gold, a pale gold- colored alloy of aluminium and copper, used for journal bearings, etc.

ALUMINIZE
A*lu"mi*nize, v. t.

Defn: To treat impregnate with alum; to alum.

ALUMINOGRAPHY
A*lu`mi*nog"ra*phy, n. [Alumin-ium + -graphy.]

Defn: Art or process of producing, and printing from, aluminium plates, after the manner of ordinary lithography. — A*lu`mi*no*graph"ic (#), a.

ALUMINOUS A*lu"mi*nous, a. Etym: [L. aluminosus, fr. alumen alum: cf. F. alumineux.]

Defn: Pertaining to or containing alum, or alumina; as, aluminous minerals, aluminous solution.

ALUMINUM
A*lu"mi*num, n.

Defn: See Aluminium.

ALUMISH
Al"um*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like alum.

ALUMNA
A*lum"na, n. fem.; pl. Alumnæ . Etym: [L. See Alumnus.]

Defn: A female pupil; especially, a graduate of a school or college.

ALUMNUS
A*lum"nus, n.; pl. Alumni. Etym: [L., fr. alere to nourish.]

Defn: A pupil; especially, a graduate of a college or other seminary of learning.

ALUM ROOT
Al"um root`. (Bot.)

Defn: A North American herb (Heuchera Americana) of the Saxifrage family, whose root has astringent properties.

ALUM SCHIST; ALUM SHALE
Al"um schist", Al"um shale", (Min.)

Defn: A variety of shale or clay slate, containing iron pyrites, the decomposition of which leads to the formation of alum, which often effloresces on the rock.

ALUM STONE
Al"um stone`. (Min.)

Defn: A subsulphate of alumina and potash; alunite.

ALUNITE
Al"u*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Alum stone.

ALUNOGEN
A*lu"no*gen, n. Etym: [F. alun alum + -gen.] (Min.)

Defn: A white fibrous mineral frequently found on the walls of mines and quarries, chiefly hydrous sulphate of alumina; — also called feather alum, and hair salt.

ALURE Al"ure, n. Etym: [OF. alure, aleure, walk, gait, fr. aler (F. aller) to go.]

Defn: A walk or passage; — applied to passages of various kinds.
The sides of every street were covered with fresh alures of marble.
T. Warton.

ALUTACEOUS
Al"u*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. alutacius, fr. aluta soft leather.]

1. Leathery.

2. Of a pale brown color; leather-yellow. Brande.

ALUTATION
Al`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [See Alutaceous.]

Defn: The tanning or dressing of leather. [Obs.] Blount.

ALVEARY Al"ve*a*ry, n.; pl. Alvearies. Etym: [L. alvearium, alveare, beehive, fr. alveus a hollow vessel, beehive, from alvus belly, beehive.]

1. A beehive, or something resembling a beehive. Barret.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The hollow of the external ear. Quincy.

ALVEATED
Al"ve*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. alveatus hollowed out.]

Defn: Formed or vaulted like a beehive.

ALVEOLAR Al"ve*o*lar, a. Etym: [L. alveolus a small hollow or cavity: cf. F. alvéolaire.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells, sacs, or sockets. Alveolar processes, the processes of the maxillary bones, containing the sockets of the teeth.

ALVEOLARY
Al"ve*o*la*ry, a.

Defn: Alveolar. [R.]

ALVEOLATE
Al"ve*o*late, a. Etym: [L. alveolatus, fr. alveolus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Deeply pitted, like a honeycomb.

ALVEOLE
Al"ve*ole, n.

Defn: Same as Alveolus.

ALVEOLIFORM
Al*ve"o*li*form, a. Etym: [L. alvelous + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of alveoli, or little sockets, cells, or cavities.

ALVEOLUS Al*ve"o*lus, n.; pl. Alveoli. Etym: [L., a small hollow or cavity, dim. of alveus: cf. F. alvéole. See Alveary.]

1. A cell in a honeycomb.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small cavity in a coral, shell, or fossil

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A small depression, sac, or vesicle, as the socket of a tooth, the air cells of the lungs, the ultimate saccules of glands, etc.

ALVEUS
Al"ve*us, n.; pl. Alvei. Etym: [L.]

Defn: The channel of a river. Weate.

ALVINE
Al"vine, a. Etym: [L. alvus belly: cf. F. alvin.]

Defn: Of, from, in, or pertaining to, the belly or the intestines; as, alvine discharges; alvine concretions.

ALWAY
Al"way, adv.

Defn: Always. [Archaic or Poetic]
I would not live alway. Job vii. 16.

ALWAYS Al"ways, adv. Etym: [All + way. The s is an adverbial (orig. a genitive) ending.]

1. At all times; ever; perpetually; throughout all time; continually; as, God is always the same. Even in Heaven his [Mammon's] looks and thoughts. Milton.

2. Constancy during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals; invariably; uniformly; — opposed to sometimes or occasionally. He always rides a black galloway. Bulwer.

ALYSSUM
A*lys"sum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cruciferous plants; madwort. The sweet alyssum (A. maritimum), cultivated for bouquets, bears small, white, sweet- scented flowers.

AM
Am. Etym: [AS. am, eom, akin to Gothic im, Icel. em, Olr. am, Lith.
esmi, L. sum., Gr. ahmi, Skr. asmi, fr. a root as to be. Are, and cf.
Be, Was.]

Defn: The first person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mode, present tense. See Be. God said unto Moses, I am that am. Exod. iii. 14.

AMABILITY
Am`a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. amabilitas.]

Defn: Lovableness. Jer. Taylor.

Note: The New English Dictionary (Murray) says this word is "usefully distinct from Amiability."

AMACRATIC
Am`a*crat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Photog.)

Defn: Amasthenic. Sir J. Herschel.

AMADAVAT Am`a*da*vat", n. Etym: [Indian name. From Ahmedabad, a city from which it was imported to Europe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The strawberry finch, a small Indian song bird (Estrelda amandava), commonly caged and kept for fighting. The female is olive brown; the male, in summer, mostly crimson; — called also red waxbill. [Written also amaduvad and avadavat.]

AMADOU Am"a*dou, n. Etym: [F. amadou tinder, prop. lure, bait, fr. amadouer to allure, caress, perh. fr. Icel. mata to feed, which is akin to E. meat.]

Defn: A spongy, combustible substance, prepared from fungus (Boletus and Polyporus) which grows on old trees; German tinder; punk. It has been employed as a styptic by surgeons, but its common use is as tinder, for which purpose it is prepared by soaking it in a strong solution of niter. Ure.

AMAIN
A*main", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]

1. With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. They on the hill, which were not yet come to blows, perceiving the fewness of their enemies, came down amain. Milton. That striping giant, ill-bred and scoffing, shouts amain. T. Parker.

2. At full speed; in great haste; also, at once. "They fled amain." Holinshed.

AMAIN
A*main", v. t. Etym: [F. amener. See Amenable.] (Naut.)

Defn: To lower, as a sail, a yard, etc.

AMAIN
A*main", v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To lower the topsail, in token of surrender; to yield.

AMALGAM
A*mal"gam, n. Etym: [F. amalgame, prob. fr. L. malagma, Gr.

1. An alloy of mercury with another metal or metals; as, an amalgam of tin, bismuth, etc.

Note: Medalists apply the term to soft alloys generally.

2. A mixture or compound of different things.

3. (Min.)

Defn: A native compound of mercury and silver.

AMALGAM
A*mal"gam, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. amalgamer]

Defn: To amalgamate. Boyle. B. Jonson.

AMALGAMA
A*mal"ga*ma, n.

Defn: Same as Amalgam. They divided this their amalgama into a number of incoherent republics. Burke.

AMALGAMATE
A*mal"ga*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amalgamated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Amalgamating.]

1. To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another metal; to unite, combine, or alloy with mercury.

2. To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to unite or combine; as, to amalgamate two races; to amalgamate one race with another. Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted and amalgamated into one. Burke.

AMALGAMATE
A*mal"ga*mate, v. i.

1. To unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal, as quicksilver.

2. To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine into a uniform whole; to blend; as, two organs or parts amalgamate.

AMALGAMATE; AMALGAMATED
A*mal"ga*mate, A*mal"ga*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Coalesced; united; combined.

AMALGAMATION
A*mal`ga*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. amalgamation.]

1. The act or operation of compounding mercury with another metal; — applied particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from their ores by mixing them with mercury. Ure.

2. The mixing or blending of different elements, races, societies, etc.; also, the result of such combination or blending; a homogeneous union. Macaulay.

AMALGAMATIVE
A*mal"ga*ma*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by amalgamation.

AMALGAMATOR
A*mal"ga*ma`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, amalgamates. Specifically: A machine for separating precious metals from earthy particles by bringing them in contact with a body of mercury with which they form an amalgam.

AMALGAMIZE
A*mal"ga*mize, v. t.

Defn: To amalgamate. [R.]

AMANDINE
A*man"dine, n. Etym: [F. amande almond. See Almond.]

1. The vegetable casein of almonds.

2. A kind of cold cream prepared from almonds, for chapped hands, etc.

AMANITA
Am`a*ni"ta, n. [NL. See Amanitine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of poisonous fungi of the family Agaricaceæ, characterized by having a volva, an annulus, and white spores. The species resemble edible mushrooms, and are frequently mistaken for them. Amanita muscaria, syn. Agaricus muscarius, is the fly amanita, or fly agaric; and A. phalloides is the death cup.

AMANITINE
A*man"i*tine, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The poisonous principle of some fungi.

AMANUENSIS A*man`u*en"sis, n.; pl. Amanuenses. Etym: [L., fr. a, ab + manus hand.]

Defn: A person whose employment is to write what another dictates, or to copy what another has written.

AMARACUS
A*mar"a*cus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A fragrant flower. Tennyson.

AMARANT
Am"a*rant, n.

Defn: Amaranth, 1. [Obs.] Milton.

AMARANTACEOUS
Am`a*ran*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the amaranth is the type.

AMARANTH Am"a*ranth, n. Etym: [L. amarantus, Gr. mortal; — so called because its flowers do not soon wither: cf. F. amarante. The spelling with th seems to be due to confusion with Gr.

1. An imaginary flower supposed never to fade. [Poetic]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ornamental annual plants (Amaranthus) of many species, with green, purplish, or crimson flowers.

2. A color inclining to purple.

AMARANTHINE
Am`a*ran"thine, a.

1. Of or pertaining to amaranth. "Amaranthine bowers." Pope.

2. Unfading, as the poetic amaranth; undying. They only amaranthine flower on earth Is virtue. Cowper.

3. Of a purplish color. Buchanan.

AMARANTHUS; AMARANTUS
Am`a*ran"thus, Am`a*ran"tus, n.

Defn: Same as Amaranth.

AMARINE
Am"a*rine, n. Etym: [L. amarus bitter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A characteristic crystalline substance, obtained from oil of bitter almonds.

AMARITUDE A*mar"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. amaritudo, fr. amarus bitter: cf. OF. amaritude.]

Defn: Bitterness. [R.]

AMARYLLIDACEOUS; AMARYLLIDEOUS
Am`a*ryl`li*da"ceous, Am`a*ryl*lid"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an order of plants differing from the lily family chiefly in having the ovary below the

AMARYLLIS
Am`a*ryl"lis, n. Etym: [L. Amaryllis, Gr.

1. A pastoral sweetheart. To sport with Amaryllis in the shade. Milton.

2. (bot.) (a) A family of plants much esteemed for their beauty, including the narcissus, jonquil, daffodil, agave, and others. (b) A genus of the same family, including the Belladonna lily.

AMASS
A*mass", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Amassing.]
Etym: [F. ambusher, LL. amassare; L. ad + massa lump, mass. See
Mass.]

Defn: To collect into a mass or heap; to gather a great quantity of; to accumulate; as, to amass a treasure or a fortune; to amass words or phrases. The life Homer has been written by amassing all the traditions and hints the writers could meet with. Pope.

Syn.
 — To accumulate; heap up; pile.

AMASS
A*mass", n. Etym: [OF. amasse, fr. ambusher.]

Defn: A mass; a heap. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

AMASSABLE
A*mass"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being amassed.

AMASSER
A*mass"er, n.

Defn: One who amasses.

AMASSETTE
A`mas`sette", n. Etym: [F. See Amass.]

Defn: An instrument of horn used for collecting painters' colors on the stone in the process of grinding.

AMASSMENT
A*mass"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. amassement.]

Defn: An amassing; a heap collected; a large quantity or number brought together; an accumulation. An amassment of imaginary conceptions. Glanvill.

AMASTHENIC
Am`as*then"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Photog.)

Defn: Uniting the chemical rays of light into one focus, as a certain kind of lens; amacratic.

AMATE
A*mate", v. t. Etym: [OF. amater, amatir.]

Defn: To dismay; to dishearten; to daunt. [Obs. or Archaic] The Silures, to amate the new general, rumored the overthrow greater than was true. Milton.

AMATE
A*mate", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + mate.]

Defn: To be a mate to; to match. [Obs.] Spenser.

AMATEUR
Am`a*teur", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. amator lover, fr. amare to love.]

Defn: A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science as to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it professionally.

AMATEURISH
Am`a*teur"ish, a.

Defn: In the style of an amateur; superficial or defective like the
work of an amateur.
 — Am`a*teur"ish*ly, adv.
 — Am`a*teur"ish*ness, n.

AMATEURISM
Am"a*teur*ism, n.

Defn: The practice, habit, or work of an amateur.

AMATEURSHIP
Am"a*teur`ship, n.

Defn: The quality or character of an amateur.

AMATIVE
Am"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. amatus, p. p. of amare to love.]

Defn: Full of love; amatory.

AMATIVENESS
Am"a*tive*ness, n. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty supposed to influence sexual desire; propensity to love. Combe.

AMATORIAL
Am`a*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [See Amatorious.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a lover or to love making; amatory; as, amatorial verses.

AMATORIALLY
Am`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an amatorial manner.

AMATORIAN
Am`a*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Amatory. [R.] Johnson.

AMATORIOUS
Am`a*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. amatorius, fr. amare to love.]

Defn: Amatory. [Obs.] "Amatorious poem." Milton.

AMATORY
Am"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, producing, or expressing, sexual love; as, amatory potions.

AMAUROSIS
Am`au*ro"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A loss or decay of sight, from loss of power in the optic nerve, without any perceptible external change in the eye; — called also gutta serena, the "drop serene" of Milton.

AMAUROTIC
Am`au*rot"ic, a.

Defn: Affected with amaurosis; having the characteristics of amaurosis.

AMAZE
A*maze", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Amazing.] Etym:
[Pref. a- + maze.]

1. To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze. [Obs.] A labyrinth to amaze his foes. Shak.

2. To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme surprise; to overwhelm with wonder; to astound; to astonish greatly. "Amazing Europe with her wit." Goldsmith. And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the son of David Matt. xii. 23.

Syn. — To astonish; astound; confound; bewilder; perplex; surprise. — Amaze, Astonish. Amazement includes the notion of bewilderment of difficulty accompanied by surprise. It expresses a state in which one does not know what to do, or to say, or to think. Hence we are amazed at what we can not in the least account for. Astonishment also implies surprise. It expresses a state in which one is stunned by the vastness or greatness of something, or struck with some degree of horror, as when one is overpowered by the

AMAZE
A*maze", v. i.

Defn: To be astounded. [Archaic] B. Taylor.

AMAZE
A*maze", v. t.

Defn: Bewilderment, arising from fear, surprise, or wonder; amazement. [Chiefly poetic] The wild, bewildered Of one to stone converted by amaze. Byron.

AMAZEDLY
A*maz"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In amazement; with confusion or astonishment. Shak.

AMAZEDNESS
A*maz"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being amazed, or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder. Bp. Hall.

AMAZEFUL
A*maze"ful, a.

Defn: Full of amazement. [R.]

AMAZEMENT
A*maze"ment, n.

1. The condition of being amazed; bewilderment [Obs.]; overwhelming wonder, as from surprise, sudden fear, horror, or admiration. His words impression left Of much amazement. Milton.

2. Frenzy; madness. [Obs.] Webster (1661).

AMAZING
A*maz"ing, a.

Defn: Causing amazement; very wonderful; as, amazing grace.
 — A*maz"ing*ly, adv.

AMAZON
Am"a*zon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. One of a fabulous race of female warriors in Scythia; hence, a female warrior.

2. A tall, strong, masculine woman; a virago.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name numerous species of South American parrots of the genus Chrysotis Amazon ant (Zoöl.), a species of ant (Polyergus rufescens), of Europe and America. They seize by conquest the larvæ and nymphs other species and make slaves of them in their own nests.

AMAZONIAN
Am`a*zo"ni*an, a.

1. Pertaining to or resembling an Amazon; of masculine manners; warlike. Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the river Amazon in South America, or to its valley.

AMAZONITE; AMAZON STONE
Am"a*zon*ite, Am"a*zon stone`, n. Etym: [Named from the river
Amazon.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of feldspar, having a verdigris-green color.

AMB-; AMBI-
Amb-, Am*bi-. Etym: [L. prefix ambi-, amb-, akin to Gr. abhi, AS.
embe, emb, OHG. umbi, umpi, G. um, and also L. ambo both. Cf. Amphi-,
Both, By.]

Defn: A prefix meaning about, around; — used in words derived from the Latin.

AMBAGES Am*ba"ges, n. pl. Etym: [L. (usually in pl.); pref. ambi-, amb- + agere to drive: cf. F. ambage.]

Defn: A circuit; a winding. Hence: Circuitous way or proceeding;
quibble; circumlocution; indirect mode of speech.
After many ambages, perspicuously define what this melancholy is.
Burton.

AMBAGINOUS
Am*bag"i*nous, a.

Defn: Ambagious. [R.]

AMBAGIOUS
Am*ba"gious, a. Etym: [L. ambagiosus.]

Defn: Circumlocutory; circuitous. [R.]

AMBAGITORY
Am*bag"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Ambagious. [R.]

AMBARY; AMBARY HEMP
Am*ba"ry, n., or Ambary hemp. [Hind. ambara, ambari.]

Defn: A valuable East Indian fiber plant (Hibiscus cannabinus), or its fiber, which is used throughout India for making ropes, cordage, and a coarse canvas and sackcloth; —called also brown Indian hemp.

AMBASSADE; EMBASSADE
Am"bas*sade, Em"bas*sade, n. Etym: [F. ambassade. See Embassy.]

1. The mission of an ambassador. [Obs.] Carew.

2. An embassy. [Obs.] Strype.

AMBASSADOR; EMBASSADOR
Am*bas"sa*dor, Em*bas"sa*dor, n. Etym: [See Embassador.]

1. A minister of the highest rank sent a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country.

Note: Ambassador are either ordinary [or resident] or extraordinary, that is, sent upon some special or unusual occasion or errand. Abbott.

2. An official messenger and representative.

AMBASSADORIAL
Am*bas`sa*do"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an ambassador. H. Walpole.

AMBASSADORSHIP
Am*bas`sa*dor*ship, n.

Defn: The state, office, or functions of an ambassador.

AMBASSADRESS
Am*bas"sa*dress, n.

Defn: A female ambassador; also, the wife of an ambassador. Prescott.

AMBASSAGE
Am"bas*sage, n.

Defn: Same as Embassage. [Obs. or R.] Luke xiv. 32.

AMBASSY
Am"bas*sy, n.

Defn: See Embassy, the usual spelling. Helps.

AMBER Am"ber, n. Etym: [OE. aumbre, F. ambre, Sp. ámbar, and with the Ar. article, alámbar, fr. Ar. 'anbar ambergris.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A yellowish translucent resin resembling copal, found as a fossil in alluvial soils, with beds of lignite, or on the seashore in many places. It takes a fine polish, and is used for pipe mouthpieces, beads, etc., and as a basis for a fine varnish. By friction, it becomes strongly electric.

2. Amber color, or anything amber-colored; a clear light yellow; as, the amber of the sky.

3. Ambergris. [Obs.] You that smell of amber at my charge. Beau. & Fl.

4. The balsam, liquidambar. Black amber, and old and popular name for jet.

AMBER
Am"ber, a.

1. Consisting of amber; made of amber. "Amber bracelets." Shak.

2. Resembling amber, especially in color; amber-colored. "The amber morn." Tennyson.

AMBER
Am"ber, v. t. [p. p. & p. a. Ambered .]

1. To scent or flavor with ambergris; as, ambered wine.

2. To preserve in amber; as, an ambered fly.

AMBER FISH
Am"ber fish. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the southern Atlantic coast (Seriola Carolinensis.)

AMBERGREASE
Am"ber*grease, n.

Defn: See Ambergris.

AMBERGRIS
Am"ber*gris, n. Etym: [F. ambre gris, i. e., gray amber; F. gris
gray, which is of German origin: cf. OS. grîs, G. greis, gray-haired.
See Amber.]

Defn: A substance of the consistence of wax, found floating in the Indian Ocean and other parts of the tropics, and also as a morbid secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), which is believed to be in all cases its true origin. In color it is white, ash-gray, yellow, or black, and often variegated like marble. The floating masses are sometimes from sixty to two hundred and twenty-five pounds in weight. It is wholly volatilized as a white vapor at 212º Fahrenheit, and is highly valued in perfumery. Dana.

AMBER ROOM
Am"ber room

Defn: A room formerly in the Czar's Summer Palace in Russia, which was richly decorated with walls and fixtures made from amber. The amber was removed by occupying German troops during the Second World War and has, as of 1997, never been recovered. The room is being recreated from old photographs by Russian artisans. PJC

AMBER SEED
Am"ber seed`.

Defn: Seed of the Hibiscus abelmoschus, somewhat resembling millet, brought from Egypt and the West Indies, and having a flavor like that of musk; musk seed. Chambers.

AMBER TREE
Am"ber tree`.

Defn: A species of Anthospermum, a shrub with evergreen leaves, which, when bruised, emit a fragrant odor.

AMBES-AS
Ambes"-as, n.

Defn: Ambs-ace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AMBIDEXTER Am"bi*dex"ter, a. Etym: [LL., fr. L. ambo both + dexter right, dextra (sc. manus) the right hand.]

Defn: Using both hands with equal ease. Smollett.

AMBIDEXTER
Am`bi*dex"ter, n.

1. A person who uses both hands with equal facility.

2. Hence; A double-dealer; one equally ready to act on either side in party disputes. The rest are hypocrites, ambidexters, so many turning pictures — a lion on one side, a lamb on the other. Burton.

3. (Law)

Defn: A juror who takes money from both parties for giving his verdict. Cowell.

AMBIDEXTERITY
Am"bi*dex*ter"i*ty, n.

1. The quality of being ambidexas, ambidexterity of argumentation. Sterne. Ignorant I was of the human frame, and of its latent powers, as regarded speed, force, and ambidexterity. De Quincey.

2. Double-dealing. (Law)

Defn: A juror's taking of money from the both parties for a verdict.

AMBIDEXTRAL
Am`bi*dex"tral, a.

Defn: Pertaining equally to the right-hand side and the left-hand side. Earle.

AMBIDEXTROUS
Am`bi*dex"trous, a.

1. Pertaining the faculty of using both hands with equal ease. Sir T. Browne.

2. Practicing or siding with both parties. All false, shuffling, and ambidextrous dealings. L'Estrange.

AMBIDEXTROUSLY
Am"bi*dex"trous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ambidextrous manner; cunningly.

AMBIDEXTROUSNESS
Am`bi*dex"trous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ambidextrous; ambidexterity.

AMBIENT Am"bi*ent, a. Etym: [L. ambiens, p. pr. of ambire to go around; amb- + ire to go.]

Defn: Encompassing on all sides; circumfused; investing. "Ambient air." Milton. "Ambient clouds." Pope.

AMBIENT
Am"bi*ent, n.

Defn: Something that surrounds or invests; as, air . . . being a perpetual ambient. Sir H. Wotton.

AMBIGENOUS
Am*big"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. ambo both + genus kind.]

Defn: Of two kinds. (Bot.)

Defn: Partaking of two natures, as the perianth of some endogenous plants, where the outer surface is calycine, and the inner petaloid.

AMBIGU
Am"bi*gu, n. Etym: [F., fr. ambigu doubtful, L. ambiquus. See
Ambiguous.]

Defn: An entertainment at which a medley of dishes is set on at the same time.

AMBIGUITY Am`bi*gu"i*ty, n.; pl. Ambiguities. Etym: [L. ambiguitas, fr. ambiguus: cf. F. ambiguité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty, particularly as to the signification of language, arising from its admitting of more than one meaning; an equivocal word or expression. No shadow of ambiguity can rest upon the course to be pursued. I. Taylor. The words are of single signification, without any ambiguity. South.

AMBIGUOUS Am*big"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. ambiguus, fr. ambigere to wander about, waver; amb- + agere to drive.]

Defn: Doubtful or uncertain, particularly in respect to signification; capable of being understood in either of two or more possible senses; equivocal; as, an ambiguous course; an ambiguous expression. What have been thy answers What but dark, Ambiguous, and with double sense deluding Milton.

Syn. — Doubtful; dubious; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct; indeterminate; indefinite. See Equivocal.

AMBIGUOUSLY
Am*big"u*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ambiguous manner; with doubtful meaning.

AMBIGUOUSNESS
Am*big"u*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Ambiguity.

AMBILEVOUS
Am`bi*le"vous, a. Etym: [L. ambo both + laevus left.]

Defn: Left-handed on both sides; clumsy; — opposed to ambidexter.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.

AMBILOQUY
Am*bil"o*quy, n.

Defn: Doubtful or ambiguous language. [Obs.] Bailey.

AMBIPAROUS
Am*bip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. ambo both + parere to bring forth.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Characterized by containing the rudiments of both flowers and leaves; — applied to a bud.

AMBIT
Am"bit, n. Etym: [L. ambitus circuit, fr. ambire to go around. See
Ambient.]

Defn: Circuit or compass.
His great parts did not live within a small ambit. Milward.

AMBITION Am*bi"tion, n. Etym: [F. ambition, L. ambitio a going around, especially of candidates for office is Rome, to solicit votes (hence, desire for office or honorambire to go around. See Ambient, Issue.]

1. The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any other object of desire; canvassing. [Obs.] [I] used no ambition to commend my deeds. Milton.

2. An eager, and sometimes an inordinate, desire for preferment, honor, superiority, power, or the attainment of something. Cromwell, I charge thee, fling a way ambition: By that sin fell the angels. Shak. The pitiful ambition of possessing five or six thousand more acres. Burke.

AMBITION
Am*bi"tion, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. ambitionner.]

Defn: To seek after ambitiously or eagerly; to covet. [R.]
Pausanias, ambitioning the sovereignty of Greece, bargains with
Xerxes for his daughter in marriage. Trumbull.

AMBITIONIST
Am*bi"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One excessively ambitious. [R.]

AMBITIONLESS
Am*bi"tion*less, a.

Defn: Devoid of ambition. Pollok.

AMBITIOUS
Am*bi"tious, a. Etym: [L. ambitiosus: cf. F. ambitieux. See
Ambition.]

1. Possessing, or controlled by, ambition; greatly or inordinately desirous of power, honor, office, superiority, or distinction. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, And Brutus is an honorable man. Shak.

2. Strongly desirous; — followed by of or the infinitive; as, ambitious to be or to do something. I was not ambitious of seeing this ceremony. Evelyn. Studious of song, and yet ambitious not to sing in vain. Cowper.

3. Springing from, characterized by, or indicating, ambition; showy; aspiring; as, an ambitious style. A giant statue . . . Pushed by a wild and artless race, From off wide, ambitious base. Collins.

AMBITIOUSLY
Am*bi"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ambitious manner.

AMBITIOUSNESS
Am*bi"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ambitious; ambition; pretentiousness.

AMBITUS
Am"bi*tus, n. Etym: [L. See Ambit, Ambition.]

1. The exterior edge or border of a thing, as the border of a leaf, or the outline of a bivalve shell.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A canvassing for votes.

AMBLE
Am"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ambling.] Etym:
[F. ambler to amble, fr. L. ambulare to walk, in LL., to amble, perh.
fr. amb-, ambi-, and a root meaning to go: cf. Gr. base. Cf.
Ambulate.]

1. To go at the easy gait called an amble; — applied to the horse or to its rider.

2. To move somewhat like an ambling horse; to go easily or without
hard shocks.
The skipping king, he ambled up and down. Shak.
Sir, your wit ambles well; it goes easily. Shak.

AMBLE
Am"ble, n.

1. A peculiar gait of a horse, in which both legs on the same side are moved at the same time, alternating with the legs on the other side. "A fine easy amble." B. Jonson.

2. A movement like the amble of a horse.

AMBLER
Am"bler, n.

Defn: A horse or a person that ambles.

AMBLINGLY
Am"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: With an ambling gait.

AMBLOTIC
Am*blot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Tending to cause abortion.

AMBLYGON
Am"bly*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. amblygone.] (Geom.)

Defn: An obtuse-angled figure, esp. and obtuse-angled triangle.
[Obs.]

AMBLYGONAL
Am*blyg"o*nal, a.

Defn: Obtuse-angled. [Obs.] Hutton.

AMBLYOPIA; AMBLYOPY
Am`bly*o"pi*a, Am"bly*o`py, n. Etym: [Gr. amblyopie.] (Med.)

Defn: Weakness of sight, without and opacity of the cornea, or of the interior of the eye; the first degree of amaurosis.

AMBLYOPIC
Am"bly*op"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to amblyopy. Quain.

AMBLYPODA
Am*blyp"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A group of large, extinct, herbivorous mammals, common in the
Tertiary formation of the United States.

AMBO
Am"bo, n.; pl. Ambos. Etym: [LL. ambo, Gr. ambon.]

Defn: A large pulpit or reading desk, in the early Christian churches. Gwilt.

AMBON
Am"bon, n.

Defn: Same as Ambo.

AMBOYNA BUTTON
Am*boy"na but"ton. (Med.)

Defn: A chronic contagious affection of the skin, prevalent in the tropics.

AMBOYNA PINE
Amboyna pine. (Bot.)

Defn: The resiniferous tree Agathis Dammara, of the Moluccas.

AMBOYNA WOOD
Am*boy"na wood.

Defn: A beautiful mottled and curled wood, used in cabinetwork. It is obtained from the Pterocarpus Indicus of Amboyna, Borneo, etc.

AMBREATE
Am"bre*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the combination of ambreic acid with a base or positive radical.

AMBREIC
Am*bre"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ambrein; — said of a certain acid produced by digesting ambrein in nitric acid.

AMBREIN
Am"bre*in, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ambréine. See Amber.] (Chem.)

Defn: A fragrant substance which is the chief constituent of ambergris.

AMBRITE
Am"brite, n. Etym: [From amber.]

Defn: A fossil resin occurring in large masses in New Zealand.

AMBROSE
Am"brose, n.

Defn: A sweet-scented herb; ambrosia. See Ambrosia, 3. Turner.

AMBROSIA Am*bro"sia, n. Etym: [L. ambrosia, Gr. mrita, L. mortuus, dead, and to E. mortal.]

1. (Myth.) (a) The fabled food of the gods (as nectar was their drink), which conferred immortality upon those who partook of it. (b) An unguent of the gods. His dewy locks distilled ambrosia. Milton.

2. A perfumed unguent, salve, or draught; something very pleasing to the taste or smell. Spenser.

3. Formerly, a kind of fragrant plant; now (Bot.), a genus of plants, including some coarse and worthless weeds, called ragweed, hogweed, etc.

AMBROSIA BEETLE
Ambrosia beetle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bark beetle that feeds on ambrosia.

AMBROSIAC
Am"bro"si*ac, a. Etym: [L. ambrosiacus: cf. F. ambrosiaque.]

Defn: Having the qualities of ambrosia; delicious. [R.]"Ambrosiac odors." B. Jonson.

AMBROSIAL
Am*bro"sial, a. Etym: [L. ambrosius, Gr.

1. Consisting of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia; delighting the taste or smell; delicious. "Ambrosial food." "Ambrosial fragrance." Milton.

2. Divinely excellent or beautiful. "Shakes his ambrosial curls." Pope.

AMBROSIALLY
Am*bro"sial*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of ambrosia; delightfully. "Smelt ambrosially." Tennyson.

AMBROSIAN
Am*bro"sian, a.

Defn: Ambrosial. [R.] . Jonson.

AMBROSIAN
Am*bro"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to St. Ambrose; as, the Ambrosian office, or ritual, a formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St. Ambrose. Ambrosian chant, the mode of signing or chanting introduced by St. Ambrose in the 4th century.

AMBROSIN
Am"bro*sin, n. Etym: [LL. Ambrosinus nummus.]

Defn: An early coin struck by the dukes of Milan, and bearing the figure of St. Ambrose on horseback.

AMBROTYPE
Am"bro*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Photog.)

Defn: A picture taken on a place of prepared glass, in which the lights are represented in silver, and the shades are produced by a dark background visible through the unsilvered portions of the glass.

AMBRY Am"bry, n.; pl. Ambries. Etym: [OE. aumbry, almery, OF. almarie, armarie, aumaire, F. armoire, LL. armarium chest, cupboard, orig. a repository for arms, fr. L. arama arms. The word has been confused with almonry. See Armory.]

1. In churches, a kind of closet, niche, cupboard, or locker for utensils, vestments, etc.

2. A store closet, as a pantry, cupboard, etc.

3. Almonry. [Improperly so used]

AMBS-ACE
Ambs"-ace, n. Etym: [OF. ambesas; ambes both (fr. L. ambo) + as ace.
See Ace.]

Defn: Double aces, the lowest throw of all at dice. Hence: Bad luck; anything of no account or value.

AMBULACRAL
Am`bu*la"cral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ambulacra; avenuelike; as, the ambulacral ossicles, plates, spines, and suckers of echinoderms.

AMBULACRIFORM
Am`bu*la"cri*form, a. Etym: [Ambulacrum + -form] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of ambulacra.

AMBULACRUM Am`bu*la"crum, n.; pl. Ambulacra. Etym: [L., an alley or covered way.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of the radical zones of echinoderms, along which run the principal nerves, blood vessels, and water tubes. These zones usually bear rows of locomotive suckers or tentacles, which protrude from regular pores. In star fishes they occupy the grooves along the under side of the rays. (b) One of the suckers on the feet of mites.

AMBULANCE Am"bu*lance, n. Etym: [F. ambulance, hôpital ambulant, fr. L. ambulare to walk. See Amble.] (Mil.) (a) A field hospital, so organized as to follow an army in its movements, and intended to succor the wounded as soon as possible. Often used adjectively; as, an ambulance wagon; ambulance stretcher; ambulance corps. (b) An ambulance wagon or cart for conveying the wounded from the field, or to a hospital.

AMBULANT Am"bu*lant, a. Etym: [L. ambulans, p. pr. of ambulare to walk: cf. F. ambulant.]

Defn: Walking; moving from place to place. Gayton.

AMBULATE
Am"bu*late, v. i. Etym: [L. ambulare to walk. See Amble.]

Defn: To walk; to move about. [R.] Southey.

AMBULATION
Am`bu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ambulatio.]

Defn: The act of walking. Sir T. Browne.

AMBULATIVE
Am"bu*la*tive, a.

Defn: Walking. [R.]

AMBULATOR
Am"bu*la`tor, n.

1. One who walks about; a walker.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A beetle of the genus Lamia. (b) A genus of birds, or one of this genus.

3. An instrument for measuring distances; — called also perambulator. Knight.

AMBULATORIAL
Am`bu*la*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Ambulatory; fitted for walking. Verrill.

AMBULATORY
Am"bu*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. ambulatorius.]

1. Of or pertaining to walking; having the faculty of walking; formed or fitted for walking; as, an ambulatory animal.

2. Accustomed to move from place to place; not stationary; movable; as, an ambulatory court, which exercises its jurisdiction in different places. The priesthood . . . before was very ambulatory, and dispersed into all families. Jer. Taylor.

3. Pertaining to a walk. [R.] The princess of whom his majesty had an ambulatory view in his travels. Sir H. Wotton.

4. (Law)

Defn: Not yet fixed legally, or settled past alteration; alterable; as, the dispositions of a will are ambulatory until the death of the testator.

AMBULATORY
Am"bu*la*to*ry, n.; pl. Ambulatories. Etym: [Cf. LL. ambulatorium.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A place to walk in, whether in the open air, as the gallery of a cloister, or within a building.

AMBURRY
Am"bur*ry, n.

Defn: Same as Anbury.

AMBUSCADE Am`bus*cade", n. Etym: [F. embuscade, fr. It. imboscata, or Sp. emboscada, fr. emboscar to ambush, fr. LL. imboscare. See Ambush, v. t.]

1. A lying in a wood, concealed, for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying in wait, and concealed in any situation, for a like purpose; a snare laid for an enemy; an ambush.

2. A place in which troops lie hid, to attack an enemy unexpectedly. [R.] Dryden.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: The body of troops lying in ambush.

AMBUSCADE
Am`bus*cade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ambuscaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ambuscading.]

1. To post or conceal in ambush; to ambush.

2. To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert or lurking place; to waylay.

AMBUSCADE
Am`bus*cade", v. i.

Defn: To lie in ambush.

AMBUSCADO
Am`bus*ca"do, n.

Defn: Ambuscade. [Obs.] Shak.

AMBUSCADOED
Am`bus*ca"doed, p. p.

Defn: Posted in ambush; ambuscaded. [Obs.]

AMBUSH
Am"bush, n. Etym: [F. embûche, fr. the verb. See Ambush, v. t.]

1. A disposition or arrangement of troops for attacking an enemy unexpectedly from a concealed station. Hence: Unseen peril; a device to entrap; a snare. Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege Or ambush from the deep. Milton.

2. A concealed station, where troops or enemies lie in wait to attack by surprise. Bold in close ambush, base in open field. Dryden.

3. The troops posted in a concealed place, for attacking by surprise;
liers in wait. [Obs.]
The ambush arose quickly out of their place. Josh. viii. 19.
To lay an ambush, to post a force in ambush.

AMBUSH Am"bush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ambushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ambushing.] Etym: [OE. enbussen, enbushen, OF. embushier, embuissier, F. embûcher, embusquer, fr. LL. imboscare; in + LL. boscus, buscus, a wood; akin to G. bush, E. bush. See Ambuscade, Bu.]

1. To station in ambush with a view to surprise an enemy. By ambushed men behind their temple Dryden.

2. To attack by ambush; to waylay.

AMBUSH
Am"bush, v. i.

Defn: To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking by surprise; to
lurk.
Nor saw the snake that ambushed for his prey. Trumbull.

AMBUSHER
Am"bush*er, n.

Defn: One lying in ambush.

AMBUSHMENT
Am"bush*ment, n. Etym: [OF. embuschement. See Ambush, v. t.]

Defn: An ambush. [Obs.] 2 Chron. xiii. 13.

AMBUSTION
Am*bus"tion, n. Etym: [L. ambustio.] (Med.)

Defn: A burn or scald. Blount.

AMEBEAN
Am`e*be"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Am.

AMEER; AMIR
A*meer", A*mir", n. Etym: [See Emir.]

1. Emir. [Obs.]

2. One of the Mohammedan nobility of Afghanistan and Scinde.

AMEL Am"el, n. Etym: [OE. amell, OF. esmail, F. émail, of German origin; cf. OHG. smelzi, G. schmelz. See Smelt, v. t.]

Defn: Enamel. [Obs.] Boyle.

AMEL Am"el, v. t. Etym: [OE. amellen, OF. esmailler, F. émailler, OF. esmail, F. émail.]

Defn: To enamel. [Obs.]
Enlightened all with stars, And richly ameled. Chapman.

AMELCORN
Am"el*corn`, n. Etym: [Ger. amelkorn: cf. MHG. amel, amer, spelt, and
L. amylum starch, Gr.

Defn: A variety of wheat from which starch is produced; — called also French rice.

AMELIORABLE
A*mel"io*ra*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ameliorated.

AMELIORATE
A*mel"io*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ameliorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ameliorating.] Etym: [L. ad + meliorare to make better: cf. F.
améliorer. See Meliorate.]

Defn: To make better; to improve; to meliorate.
In every human being there is a wish to ameliorate his own condition.
Macaulay.

AMELIORATE
A*mel"io*rate, v. i.

Defn: To grow better; to meliorate; as, wine ameliorates by age.

AMELIORATION
A*mel`io*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. amélioration.]

Defn: The act of ameliorating, or the state of being ameliorated; making or becoming better; improvement; melioration. "Amelioration of human affairs." J. S. Mill.

AMELIORATIVE
A*mel"io*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to ameliorate; producing amelioration or improvement; as, ameliorative remedies, efforts.

AMELIORATOR
A*mel"io*ra`tor, n.

Defn: One who ameliorates.

AMEN
A`men", interj., adv., & n. Etym: [L. amen, Gr. am certainly, truly.]

Defn: An expression used at the end of prayers, and meaning, So be it. At the end of a creed, it is a solemn asseveration of belief. When it introduces a declaration, it is equivalent to truly, verily. It is used as a noun, to demote: (a) concurrence in belief, or in a statement; assent; (b) the final word or act; (c) Christ as being one who is true and faithful. And let all the people say, Amen. Ps. cvi. 48. Amen, amen, I say to thee, except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God. John ii. 3. Rhemish Trans. To say amen to, to approve warmly; to concur in heartily or emphatically; to ratify; as, I say Amen to all.

AMEN
A`men", v. t.

Defn: To say Amen to; to sanction fully.

AMENABILITY
A*me`na*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being amenable; amenableness. Coleridge.

AMENABLE A*me"na*ble, a. Etym: [F. amener to lead; ad) = mener to lead, fr. L. minare to drive animals (properly by threatening cries), in LL. to lead; L. minari, to threaten, minae threats. See Menace.]

1. (Old Law)

Defn: Easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband. [Obs.]
Jacob.

2. Liable to be brought to account or punishment; answerable; responsible; accountable; as, amenable to law. Nor is man too diminutive . . . to be amenable to the divine government. I. Taylor.

3. Liable to punishment, a charge, a claim, etc.

4. Willing to yield or submit; responsive; tractable. Sterling . . . always was amenable enough to counsel. Carlyle.

AMENABLENESS
A*me"na*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being amenable; liability to answer charges; answerableness.

AMENABLY
A*me"na*bly, adv.

Defn: In an amenable manner.

AMENAGE
Am"e*nage, v. t. Etym: [OF. amesnagier. See Manage.]

Defn: To manage. [Obs.] Spenser.

AMENANCE
Am"e*nance, n. Etym: [OF. See Amenable.]

Defn: Behavior; bearing. [Obs.] Spenser.

AMEND
A*mend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amended; p. pr. & vb. n. Amending.]
Etym: [F. amender, L. emendare; e(ex) + mendum, menda, fault, akin to
Skr. minda personal defect. Cf. Emend, Mend.]

Defn: To change or modify in any way for the better; as, (a) by simply removing what is erroneous, corrupt, superfluous, faulty, and the like; (b) by supplying deficiencies; (c) by substituting something else in the place of what is removed; to rectify. Mar not the thing that can not be amended. Shak. An instant emergency, granting no possibility for revision, or opening for amended thought. De Quincey. We shall cheer her sorrows, and amend her blood, by wedding her to a Norman. Sir W. Scott. To amend a bill, to make some change in the details or provisions of a bill or measure while on its passage, professedly for its improvement.

Syn. — To Amend, Emend, Correct, Reform, Rectify. These words agree in the idea of bringing things into a more perfect state. We correct (literally, make straight) when we conform things to some standard or rule; as, to correct proof sheets. We amend by removing blemishes, faults, or errors, and thus rendering a thing more a nearly perfect; as, to amend our ways, to amend a text, the draft of a bill, etc. Emend is only another form of amend, and is applied chiefly to editions of books, etc. To reform is literally to form over again, or put into a new and better form; as, to reform one's life. To rectify is to make right; as, to rectify a mistake, to rectify abuses, inadvertencies, etc.

AMEND
A*mend", v. i.

Defn: To grow better by rectifying something wrong in manners or morals; to improve. "My fortune . . . amends." Sir P. Sidney.

AMENDABLE
A*mend"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being amended; as, an amendable writ or error.
 — A*mend"a*ble*ness, n.

AMENDATORY
A*mend"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Supplying amendment; corrective; emendatory. Bancroft.

AMENDE
A`mende", n. Etym: [F. See Amend.]

Defn: A pecuniary punishment or fine; a reparation or recantation. Amende honorable(#). (Old French Law) A species of infamous punishment in which the offender, being led into court with a rope about his neck, and a lighted torch in his hand, begged pardon of his God, the court, etc. In popular language, the phrase now denotes a public apology or recantation, and reparation to an injured party, for improper language or treatment.

AMENDER
A*mend"er, n.

Defn: One who amends.

AMENDFUL
A*mend"ful, a.

Defn: Much improving. [Obs.]

AMENDMENT
A*mend"ment, n. Etym: [F. amendement, LL. amendamentum.]

1. An alteration or change for the better; correction of a fault or of faults; reformation of life by quitting vices.

2. In public bodies; Any alternation made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion by adding, changing, substituting, or omitting.

3. (Law)

Defn: Correction of an error in a writ or process.

Syn.
 — Improvement; reformation; emendation.

AMENDS
A*mends", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [F. amendes, pl. of amende. Cf.
Amende.]

Defn: Compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation. [Now const. with sing. verb.] "An honorable amends." Addison. Yet thus far fortune maketh us amends. Shak.

AMENITY A*men"i*ty, n.; pl. Amenities. Etym: [F. aménité, L. amoenitas, fr. amoenus pleasant.]

Defn: The quality of being pleasant or agreeable, whether in respect to situation, climate, manners, or disposition; pleasantness; civility; suavity; gentleness. A sweetness and amenity of temper. Buckle. This climate has not seduced by its amenities. W. Howitt.

AMENORRHOEA
A*men`or*rhoe"a, n. Etym: [Gr. aménorrhée.] (Med.)

Defn: Retention or suppression of the menstrual discharge.

AMENORRHOEAL
A*men`or*rhoe"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to amenorrhoea.

A MENSA ET THORO
A men"sa et tho"ro. Etym: [L., from board and bed.] (Law)

Defn: A kind of divorce which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes a separate life of the husband and wife. Abbott.

AMENT
Am"ent, n. Etym: [L. amentum thong or strap.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of inflorescence; a catkin.
The globular ament of a buttonwood. Coues.

AMENTACEOUS Am`en*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [LL. amentaceus.] (Bot.) (a) Resembling, or consisting of, an ament or aments; as, the chestnut has an amentaceous inflorescence. (b) Bearing aments; having flowers arranged in aments; as, amentaceous plants.

AMENTIA
A*men"ti*a, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: Imbecility; total want of understanding.

AMENTIFEROUS
Am`en*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. amentum + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing catkins. Balfour.

AMENTIFORM
A*men"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. amentum + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a catkin.

AMENTUM
A*men"tum, n.; pl. Amenta.

Defn: Same as Ament.

AMENUSE
Am"e*nuse, v. t. Etym: [OF. amenuisier. See Minute.]

Defn: To lessen. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AMERCE
A*merce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amerced; p. pr. & vb. n. Amercing.]
Etym: [OF. amercier, fr. a merci at the mercy of, liable to a
punishment. See Mercy.]

1. To punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left to the discretion of the court; as, the amerced the criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars.

Note: The penalty of fine may be expressed without a preposition, or it may be introduced by in, with, or of.

2. To punish, in general; to mulct. Millions of spirits for his fault amerced Of Heaven. Milton. Shall by him be amerced with penance due. Spenser.

AMERCEABLE
A*merce"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be amerced.

AMERCEMENT
A*merce"ment, n. Etym: [OF. amerciment.]

Defn: The infliction of a penalty at the discretion of the court; also, a mulct or penalty thus imposed. It differs from a fine,in that the latter is, or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statue for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the act or practice of affeering. [See Affeer.] Blackstone.

Note: This word, in old books, is written amerciament. Amercement royal, a penalty imposed on an officer for a misdemeanor in his office. Jacobs.

AMERCER
A*mer"cer, n.

Defn: One who amerces.

AMERCIAMENT
A*mer"cia*ment, n. Etym: [LL. amerciamentum.]

Defn: Same as Amercement. Mozley & W.

AMERICAN
A*mer"i*can, a. Etym: [Named from Americus Vespucius.]

1. Of or pertaining to America; as, the American continent: American Indians.

2. Of or pertaining to the United States. "A young officer of the American navy." Lyell. American ivy. See Virginia creeper. — American Party (U. S. Politics), a party, about 1854, which opposed the influence of foreign-born citizens, and those supposed to owe allegiance to a foreign power. — Native american Party (U. S. Politics), a party of principles similar to those of the American party. It arose about 1843, but soon died out.

AMERICAN
A*mer"i*can, n.

Defn: A native of America; — originally applied to the aboriginal
inhabitants, but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in
America, and especially to the citizens of the United States.
The name American must always exalt the pride of patriotism.
Washington.

AMERICANISM
A*mer"i*can*ism, n.

1. Attachment to the United States.

2. A custom peculiar to the United States or to America; an American characteristic or idea.

3. A word or phrase peculiar to the United States.

AMERICANIZATION
A*mer`i*can*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process of Americanizing.

AMERICANIZE
A*mer"i*can*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Americanizer; p. pr. & vb. n.
Americanizing.]

Defn: To render American; to assimilate to the Americans in customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp with American characteristics.

AMERICAN PLAN
A*mer"i*can plan.

Defn: In hotels, aplan upon which guests pay for both room and board by the day, week, or other convenient period; — contrasted with European plan.

AMERICAN PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION
A*mer"i*can Pro*tect"ive As*so`ci*a"tion.

Defn: A secret organization in the United States, formed in Iowa in 1887, ostensibly for the protection of American institutions by keeping Roman Catholics out of public office. Abbrev. commonly to A. P .A.

AMES-ACE
Ames"-ace, n.

Defn: Same as Ambs-ace.

AMESS
Am"ess, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: Amice, a hood or cape. See 2d Amice.

AMETABOLA
Am`e*tab"o*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of insects which do not undergo any metamorphosis.
[Written also Ametabolia.]

AMETABOLIAN
A*met`a*bo"li*an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to insects that do undergo any metamorphosis.

AMETABOLIC; AMETABOLOUS
A*met`a*bol"ic, Am`e*tab"o*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Not undergoing any metamorphosis; as, ametabolic insects.

AMETHODIST
A*meth"o*dist, n. Etym: [Pref. a- not + methodist.]

Defn: One without method; a quack. [Obs.]

AMETHYST Am"e*thyst, Etym: [F. ametiste, amatiste, F. améthyste, L. amethystus, fr. Gr. Mead.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of crystallized quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades. It is much used as a jeweler's stone. Oriental amethyst, the violet-blue variety of transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A purple color in a nobleman's escutcheon, or coat of arms.

AMETHYSTINE
Am`e*thys"tine, a. Etym: [L. amethystinus, Gr.

1. Resembling amethyst, especially in color; bluish violet.

2. Composed of, or containing, amethyst.

AMETROPIA
Am`e*tro"pi*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Any abnormal condition of the refracting powers of the eye.
 — Am`e*trop"ic, a.

AMHARIC
Am*har"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Amhara, a division of Abyssinia; as, the Amharic language is closely allied to the Ethiopic. — n.

Defn: The Amharic language (now the chief language of Abyssinia).

AMIA
Am"i*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water ganoid fishes, exclusively confined to North America; called bowfin in Lake Champlain, dogfish in Lake Erie, and mudfish in South Carolina, etc. See Bowfin.

AMIABILITY
A`mi*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being amiable; amiableness; sweetness of
disposition.
Every excellency is a degree of amiability. Jer. Taylor.

AMIABLE A"mi*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. amiable, L. amicabilis friendly, fr. amicus friend, fr. amare to love. The meaning has been influenced by F. aimable, L. amabilis lovable, fr. amare to love. Cf. Amicable, Amorous, Amability.]

1. Lovable; lovely; pleasing. [Obs. or R.] So amiable a prospect. Sir T. Herbert.

2. Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; as, an amiable temper or mood; amiable ideas.

3. Possessing sweetness of disposition; having sweetness of temper, kind-heartedness, etc., which causes one to be liked; as, an amiable woman.

4. Done out of love. [Obs.] Lay an amiable siege to the honesty of this Ford's wife. Shak.

AMIABLENESS
A`mi*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being amiable; amiability.

AMIABLY
A"mi*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an amiable manner.

AMIANTH
Am"i*anth, n.

Defn: See Amianthus. [Poetic]

AMIANTHIFORM
Am`i*an"thi*form, a. Etym: [Amianthus + -form.]

Defn: Resembling amianthus in form.

AMIANTHOID
Am`i*an"thoid, a. Etym: [Amianthus + -oid: cf. F. amiantoïde.]

Defn: Resembling amianthus.

AMIANTHUS
Am`i*an"thus, n. Etym: [L. amiantus, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Earth flax, or mountain flax; a soft silky variety of asbestus.

AMIC
Am"ic, a. Etym: [L. ammonia + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Related to, or derived, ammonia; — used chiefly as a suffix; as, amic acid; phosphamic acid. Amic acid (Chem.), one of a class of nitrogenized acids somewhat resembling amides.

AMICABILITY
Am`i*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being amicable; friendliness; amicableness. Ash.

AMICABLE Am"i*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. amicabilis, fr. amicus friend, fr. amare to love. See Amiable.]

Defn: Friendly; proceeding from, or exhibiting, friendliness; after the manner of friends; peaceable; as, an amicable disposition, or arrangement. That which was most remarkable in this contest was . . . the amicable manner in which it was managed. Prideoux. Amicable action (Law.), an action commenced and prosecuted by amicable consent of the parties, for the purpose of obtaining a decision of the court on some matter of law involved in it. Bouvier. Burrill. — Amicable numbers (Math.), two numbers, each of which is equal to the sum of all the aliquot parts of the other.

Syn. — Friendly; peaceable; kind; harmonious. — Amicable, Friendly. Neither of these words denotes any great warmth of affection, since friendly has by no means the same strength as its noun friendship. It does, however, imply something of real cordiality; while amicable supposes very little more than that the parties referred to are not disposed to quarrel. Hence, we speak of amicable relations between two countries, an amicable adjustment of difficulties. "Those who entertain friendly feelings toward each other can live amicably together."

AMICABLENESS
Am"i*ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being amicable; amicability.

AMICABLY
Am"i*ca*bly, adv.

Defn: In an amicable manner.

AMICE Am"ice, n. Etym: [OE. amyse, prob. for amyt, OF. amit, ameit, fr. L. amictus cloak, the word being confused with amice, almuce, a hood or cape. See next word.]

Defn: A square of white linen worn at first on the head, but now about the neck and shoulders, by priests of the Roman Catholic Church while saying Mass.

AMICE
Am"ice, n. Etym: [OE. amuce, amisse, OF. almuce, aumuce, F. aumusse,
LL. almucium, almucia, aumucia: of unknown origin; cf. G. mütze cap,
prob. of the same origin. Cf. Mozetta.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A hood, or cape with a hood, made of lined with gray fur, formerly worn by the clergy; — written also amess, amyss, and almuce.

AMID
A*mid", prep.

Defn: See Amidst.

AMIDE
Am"ide, n. Etym: [Ammonia + -ide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound formed by the union of amidogen with an acid element or radical. It may also be regarded as ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an acid atom or radical. Acid amide, a neutral compound formed by the substitution of the amido group for hydroxyl in an acid.

AMIDIN
Am"i*din, n. Etym: [Cf. F. amidine, fr. amido starch, fr. L. amylum,
Gr. Meal.] (Chem.)

Defn: Start modified by heat so as to become a transparent mass, like horn. It is soluble in cold water.

AMIDO
A*mi"do, a. Etym: [From Amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: Containing, or derived from, amidogen. Amido acid, an acid in which a portion of the nonacid hydrogen has been replaced by the amido group. The amido acids are both basic and acid. — Amido group, amidogen, NH2.

AMIDOGEN
A*mid"o*gen, n. Etym: [Amide + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, NH2, not yet obtained in a separate state, which may be regarded as ammonia from the molecule of which one of its hydrogen atoms has been removed; — called also the amido group, and in composition represented by the form amido.

AMIDOL
Am"i*dol, n. [Amide + -ol as in alcohol.] (Photog. & Chem.)

Defn: A salt of a diamino phenol, C6H3(OH)(NH2)2, used as a developer.

AMIDSHIPS
A*mid"ships, adv. (Naut.)

Defn: In the middle of a ship, with regard to her length, and sometimes also her breadth. Totten.

AMIDST; AMID A*midst", A*mid", prep. Etym: [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a later addition, as in whilst, amongst, alongst. See Mid.]

Defn: In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. "This fair tree amidst the garden." "Unseen amid the throng." "Amidst thick clouds." Milton. "Amidst acclamations." "Amidst the splendor and festivity of a court." Macaulay. But rather famish them amid their plenty. Shak.

Syn. — Amidst, Among. These words differ to some extent from each other, as will be seen from their etymology. Amidst denotes in the midst or middle of, and hence surrounded by; as, this work was written amidst many interruptions. Among denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects; as, "He fell among thieves." "Blessed art thou among women." Hence, we say, among the moderns, among the ancients, among the thickest of trees, among these considerations, among the reasons I have to offer. Amid and amidst are commonly used when the idea of separate or distinguishable objects is not prominent. Hence, we say, they kept on amidst the storm, amidst the gloom, he was sinking amidst the waves, he persevered amidst many difficulties; in none of which cases could among be used. In like manner, Milton speaks of Abdiel, — The seraph Abdiel, faithful found; Among the faithless faithful only he, because he was then considered as one of the angels. But when the poet adds, — From amidst them forth he passed, we have rather the idea of the angels as a collective body. Those squalid cabins and uncleared woods amidst which he was born. Macaulay.

AMIGO
A*mi"go, n.; pl. Amigos (#). [Sp., fr. L. amicus.]

Defn: A friend; — a Spanish term applied in the Philippine Islands to friendly natives.

AMINE
Am"ine, n. Etym: [Ammonia + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of strongly basic substances derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by a basic atom or radical.

AMINOL
Am"i*nol, n. [From amine.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A colorless liquid prepared from herring brine and containing amines, used as a local antiseptic.

AMIOID
Am"i*oid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Amioidei.
 — n.

Defn: One of the Amioidei.

AMIOIDEI
Am`i*oi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Amia + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes of which Amis is type. See Bowfin and
Ganoidei.

AMIR
A*mir", n.

Defn: Same as Ameer.

AMISH
Am"ish, n. pl. [Written also Omish.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The Amish Mennonites.

AMISH
Am"ish, a. [Written also Omish.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the followers of Jacob Amman, a strict Mennonite of the 17th century, who even proscribed the use of buttons and shaving as "worldly conformity". There are several branches of Amish Mennonites in the United States.

AMISS
A*miss", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + miss.]

Defn: Astray; faultily; improperly; wrongly; ill. What error drives our eyes and ears amiss Shak. Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask amiss. James iv. 3. To take (an act, thing) amiss, to impute a wrong motive to (an act or thing); to take offense at' to take unkindly; as, you must not take these questions amiss.

AMISS
A*miss", a.

Defn: Wrong; faulty; out of order; improper; as, it may not be amiss to ask advice.

Note: [Used only in the predicate.] Dryden. His wisdom and virtue can not always rectify that which is amiss in himself or his circumstances. Wollaston.

AMISS
A*miss", n.

Defn: A fault, wrong, or mistake. [Obs.]
Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss. Shak.

AMISSIBILITY
A*mis`si*bil"i*ty, Etym: [Cf. F. amissibilité. See Amit.]

Defn: The quality of being amissible; possibility of being lost. [R.] Notions of popular rights and the amissibility of sovereign power for misconduct were alternately broached by the two great religious parties of Europe. Hallam.

AMISSIBLE
A*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. amissibilis: cf. F. amissible.]

Defn: Liable to be lost. [R.]

AMISSION
A*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. amissio: cf. F. amission.]

Defn: Deprivation; loss. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

AMIT A*mit", v. t. Etym: [L. amittere, amissum, to lose; a (ab) + mittere to send. See Missile.]

Defn: To lose. [Obs.]
A lodestone fired doth presently amit its proper virtue. Sir T.
Browne.

AMITOSIS
Am`i*to"sis, n. [NL. See A-not, and Mitosis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Cell division in which there is first a simple cleavage of the nucleus without change in its structure (such as the formation of chromosomes), followed by the division of the cytoplasm; direct cell division; — opposed to mitosis. It is not the usual mode of division, and is believed by many to occur chiefly in highly specialized cells which are incapable of long-continued multiplication, in transitory structures, and in those in early stages of degeneration.

AMITOTIC
Am`i*tot"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to amitosis; karyostenotic; — opposed to mitotic.

AMITY
Am"i*ty, n.; pl. Amities. Etym: [F. amitié, OF. amistié, amisté, fr.
an assumed LL. amisitas, fr. L. amicus friendly, from amare to love.
See Amiable.]

Defn: Friendship, in a general sense, between individuals, societies, or nations; friendly relations; good understanding; as, a treaty of amity and commerce; the amity of the Whigs and Tories. To live on terms of amity with vice. Cowper.

Syn.
 — Harmony; friendliness; friendship; affection; good will; peace.

AMMA Am"ma, n. Etym: [LL. amma, prob. of interjectional or imitative origin: cf. Sp. ama, G. amme, nurse, Basque ama mother, Heb. , Ar. immun, ummun.]

Defn: An abbes or spiritual mother.

AMMETER
Am"me*ter, n. (Physics)

Defn: A contraction of amperometer or ampèremeter.

AMMIRAL
Am"mi*ral, n.

Defn: An obsolete form of admiral. "The mast of some great ammiral."
Milton.

AMMITE
Am"mite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Oölite or roestone; — written also hammite. [Obs.]

AMMODYTE Am"mo*dyte, n. Etym: [L. ammodytes, Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) One of a genus of fishes; the sand eel. (b) A kind of viper in southern Europe. [Obs.]

AMMONAL
Am"mo*nal`, n. [Ammonium + aluminium.]

Defn: An explosive consisting of a mixture of powdered aluminium and nitrate of ammonium.

AMMONIA
Am*mo"ni*a, n. Etym: [From sal ammoniac, which was first obtaining
near the temple of Jupiter Ammon, by burning camel's dung. See
Ammoniac.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste: — often called volatile alkali, and spirits of hartshorn.

AMMONIAC; AMMONIACAL
Am*mo"ni*ac, Am`mo*ni"a*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ammonia, or possessing its properties; as, an ammoniac salt; ammoniacal gas. Ammoniacal engine, an engine in which the vapor of ammonia is used as the motive force. — Sal ammoniac Etym: [L. sal ammoniacus], the salt usually called chloride of ammonium, and formerly muriate of ammonia.

AMMONIAC; GUM AMMONIAC
Am*mo"ni*ac ([or] Gum` am*mo"ni*ac , n. Etym: [L. Ammoniacum, Gr.
Ammon; cf. F. ammoniac. See Ammonite.] (Med.)

Defn: The concrete juice (gum resin) of an umbelliferous plant, the Dorema ammoniacum. It is brought chiefly from Persia in the form of yellowish tears, which occur singly, or are aggregated into masses. It has a peculiar smell, and a nauseous, sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It is inflammable, partially soluble in water and in spirit of wine, and is used in medicine as an expectorant and resolvent, and for the formation of certain plasters.

AMMONIACAL FERMENTATION
Am`mo*ni"a*cal fer`men*ta"tion.

Defn: Any fermentation process by which ammonia is formed, as that by which urea is converted into ammonium carbonate when urine is exposed to the air.

AMMONIATED
Am*mo"ni*a`ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined or impregnated with ammonia.

AMMONIC
Am*mo"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ammonia.

AMMONITE
Am"mon*ite, n. Etym: [L. cornu Ammonis born of Ammon; L. Ammon, Gr.
Amun.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cephalopod shell related to the nautilus. There are many genera and species, and all are extinct, the typical forms having existed only in the Mesozoic age, when they were exceedingly numerous. They differ from the nautili in having the margins of the septa very much lobed or plaited, and the siphuncle dorsal. Also called serpent stone, snake stone, and cornu Ammonis.

AMMONITIFEROUS
Am`mon*i*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Ammonite + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing fossil ammonites.

AMMONITOIDEA
Am*mon`i*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Ammonite + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of fossil cephalopods often very abundant in
Mesozoic rocks. See Ammonite.

AMMONIUM
Am*mo"ni*um, n. Etym: [See Ammonia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, NH4, having the chemical relations of a strongly basic element like the alkali metals.

AMMUNITION Am`mu*ni"tion, n. Etym: [F. amunition, for munition, prob. caused by taking la munition as l'amunition. See Munition.]

1. Military stores, or provisions of all kinds for attack or defense. [Obs.]

2. Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.

3. Any stock of missiles, literal or figurative. Ammunition bread, shoes, etc., such as are contracted for by government, and supplied to the soldiers. [Eng.]

AMMUNITION
Am`mu*ni"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ammunitioned; p pr. & vb. n.
Ammunitioning.]

Defn: To provide with ammunition.

AMNESIA
Am*ne"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Forgetfulness; also, a defect of speech, from cerebral disease, in which the patient substitutes wrong words or names in the place of those he wishes to employ. Quian.

AMNESIC
Am*ne"sic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to amnesia. "Amnesic or coördinate defects."
Quian.

AMNESTIC
Am*nes"tic, a.

Defn: Causing loss of memory.

AMNESTY
Am"nes*ty, n. Etym: [L. amnestia, Gr. amnistie, earlier amnestie. See
Mean, v.]

1. Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong; oblivion.

2. An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.

AMNESTY
Am"nes*ty, v. t. [imp. p. p. Amnestied; p. pr. & vb. n. Amnestying.]

Defn: To grant amnesty to.

AMNICOLIST Am*nic"o*list, n. Etym: [L. amnicola, amnis a river + colere to dwell.]

Defn: One who lives near a river. [Obs.] Bailey.

AMNIGENOUS Am*nig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. amnigena; amnis a river + root gen of gignere to beget.]

Defn: Born or bred in, of, or near a river. [Obs.] Bailey.

AMNION
Am"ni*on, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A thin membrane surrounding the embryos of mammals, birds, and reptiles.

AMNIOS
Am"ni*os, n.

Defn: Same as Amnion.

AMNIOTA
Am`ni*o"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Amnion.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That group of vertebrates which develops in its embryonic life the envelope called the amnion. It comprises the reptiles, the birds, and the mammals.

AMNIOTIC
Am`ni*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. amniotique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the amnion; characterized by an amnion; as, the amniotic fluid; the amniotic sac. Amniotic acid. (Chem.) [R.] See Allantoin.

AMOEBA
A*moe"ba, n; pl. L. Amoebæ; E. Amoebas. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rhizopod. common in fresh water, capable of undergoing many changes of form at will. See Rhizopoda.

AMOEBAEUM
Am`oe*bæ"um, n. Etym: [L. amoebaeus, Gr. amoebaeum carmen, Gr.

Defn: A poem in which persons are represented at speaking alternately; as the third and seventh eclogues of Virgil.

AMOEBEA
Am`oe*be"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That division of the Rhizopoda which includes the amoeba and similar forms.

AMOEBEAN
Am`oe*be"an, a.

Defn: Alternately answering.

AMOEBIAN
A*moe"bi*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Amoebea.

AMOEBIFORM; AMOEBOID
A*moe"bi*form, A*moe"boid, a. Etym: [Amoeba + -form or -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling an amoeba; amoeba-shaped; changing in shape like an amoeba. Amoeboid movement, movement produced, as in the amoeba, by successive processes of prolongation and retraction.

AMOEBOUS
A*moe"bous, a.

Defn: Like an amoeba in structure.

AMOLE
A*mo"le, n. [Mex.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any detergent plant, or the part of it used as a detergent, as the roots of Agave Americana, Chlorogalum pomeridianum, etc. [Sp. Amer. & Mex.]

AMOLITION Am`o*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. amolitio, fr. amoliri to remove; a (ab) + moliri to put in motion.]

Defn: Removal; a putting away. [Obs.] Bp. Ward (1673).

AMOMUM
A*mo"mum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of aromatic plants. It includes species which bear cardamoms, and grains of paradise.

AMONESTE
A*mon"este, v. t.

Defn: To admonish. [Obs.]

AMONG; AMONGST A*mong", A*mongst", prep. Etym: [OE. amongist, amonges, amonge, among, AS. onmang, ongemang, gemang, in a crowd or mixture. For the ending -st see Amidst. See Mingle.]

1. Mixed or mingled; surrounded by. They heard, And from his presence hid themselves among The thickest trees. Milton.

2. Conjoined, or associated with, or making part of the number of; in the number or class of. Blessed art thou among women. Luke i. 28.

3. Expressing a relation of dispersion, distribution, etc.; also, a relation of reciprocal action. What news among the merchants Shak. Human sacrifices were practiced among them. Hume. Divide that gold amongst you. Marlowe. Whether they quarreled among themselves, or with their neighbors. Addison.

Syn.
 — Amidst; between. See Amidst, Between.

AMONTILLADO
A*mon`til*la"do, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A dry kind of cherry, of a light color. Simmonds.

AMORET
Am"o*ret, n. Etym: [OF. amorette, F. amourette, dim. of amour.]

1. An amorous girl or woman; a wanton. [Obs.] J. Warton.

2. A love knot, love token, or love song. (pl.) Love glances or love tricks. [Obs.]

3. A petty love affair or amour. [Obs.]

AMORETTE
Am"o*rette", n.

Defn: An amoret. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

AMORIST
Am"o*rist, n. Etym: [L. armor love. See Amorous.]

Defn: A lover; a gallant. [R.] Milton. It was the custom for an amorist to impress the name of his mistress in the dust, or upon the damp earth, with letters fixed upon his shoe. Southey.

A-MORNINGS
A-morn"ings, adv. Etym: [See Amorwe. The -s is a genitival ending.
See -wards.]

Defn: In the morning; every morning. [Obs.]
And have such pleasant walks into the woods A-mornings. J. Fletcher.

AMOROSA
Am`o*ro"sa, n. Etym: [It. amoroso, fem. amorosa.]

Defn: A wanton woman; a courtesan. Sir T. Herbert.

AMOROSITY
Am`o*ros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being amorous; lovingness. [R.] Galt.

AMOROSO
Am`o*ro"so, n. Etym: [It. amoroso, LL. amorosus.]

Defn: A lover; a man enamored.

AMOROSO
Am`o*ro"so, adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: In a soft, tender, amatory style.

AMOROUS Am"o*rous, a. Etym: [OF. amoros, F. amoreux, LL. amorosus, fr. L. amor love, fr. amare to love.]

1. Inclined to love; having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment; loving; fond; affectionate; as, an amorous disposition.

2. Affected with love; in love; enamored; — usually with of;
formerly with on.
Thy roses amorous of the moon. Keats.
High nature amorous of the good. Tennyson.
Sure my brother is amorous on Hero. Shak.

3. Of or relating to, or produced by, love. "Amorous delight." Milton. "Amorous airs." Waller.

Syn.
 — Loving; fond; tender; passionate; affectionate; devoted; ardent.

AMOROUSLY
Am"o*rous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an amorous manner; fondly.

AMOROUSNESS
Am"o*rous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being amorous, or inclined to sexual love; lovingness.

AMORPHA
A*mor"pha, n.; pl. Amorphas. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous shrubs, having long clusters of purple flowers; false or bastard indigo. Longfellow.

AMORPHISM
A*mor"phism, n. Etym: [See Amorphous.]

Defn: A state of being amorphous; esp. a state of being without crystallization even in the minutest particles, as in glass, opal, etc.

Note: There are stony substances which, when fused, may cool as glass or as stone; the glass state is spoken of as a state of amorphism.

AMORPHOUS
A*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Having no determinate form; of irregular; shapeless. Kirwan.

2. Without crystallization in the ultimate texture of a solid substance; uncrystallized.

3. Of no particular kind or character; anomalous.
Scientific treatises . . . are not seldom rude and amorphous in
style. Hare.
— A*mor"phous*ly, adv.
 — A*mor"phous*ness, n.

AMORPHOZOA
A*mor`pho*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Animals without a mouth or regular internal organs, as the sponges.

AMORPHOZOIC
A*mor`pho*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amorphozoa.

AMORPHY
A*mor"phy, n. Etym: [Gr. amorphie. See Amorphous.]

Defn: Shapelessness. [Obs.] Swift.

AMORT A*mort", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + F. mort death, dead; all amort is for alamort.]

Defn: As if dead; lifeless; spiritless; dejected; depressed. Shak.

AMORTISE; AMORTISATION; AMORTISABLE; AMORTISEMENT
A*mor"tise, v., A*mor`ti*sa"tion, n., A*mor"tis*a*ble, a.,
A*mor"tise*ment, n.

Defn: Same as Amortize, Amortization, etc.

AMORTIZABLE
A*mor"tiz*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. amortissable.]

Defn: Capable of being cleared off, as a debt.

AMORTIZATION
A*mor`ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [LL. amortisatio, admortizatio. See
Amortize, and cf. Admortization.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act or right of alienating lands to a corporation, which was considered formerly as transferring them to dead hands, or in mortmain.

2. The extinction of a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund; also, the money thus paid. Simmonds.

AMORTIZE
A*mor"tize, v. t. Etym: [OE. amortisen, LL. amortisare, admortizare,
F. amortir to sell in mortmain, to extinguish; L. ad + mors death.
See Mortmain].

1. To make as if dead; to destroy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Law)

Defn: To alienate in mortmain, that is, to convey to a corporation.
See Mortmain.

3. To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually by means of a sinking fund.

AMORTIZEMENT
A*mor"tize*ment, n. Etym: [F. amortissement.]

Defn: Same as Amortization.

AMORWE
A*mor"we, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- on + OE. morwe. See Morrow.]

1. In the morning. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. On the following morning. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AMOTION
A*mo"tion, n. Etym: [L. amotio. See Amove.]

1. Removal; ousting; especially, the removal of a corporate officer from his office.

2. Deprivation of possession.

AMOTUS
A*mo"tus, a. Etym: [L., withdrawn (from it (Zoöl.)

Defn: Elevated, — as a toe, when raised so high that the tip does not touch the ground.

AMOUNT
A*mount", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Amounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Amounting.]
Etym: [OF. amonter to increase, advance, ascend, fr. amont (equiv. to
L. ad montem to the mountain) upward, F. amont up the river. See
Mount, n.]

1. To go up; to ascend. [Obs.] So up he rose, and thence amounted straight. Spenser.

2. To rise or reach by an accumulation of particular sums or quantities; to come (to) in the aggregate or whole; — with to or unto.

3. To rise, reach, or extend in effect, substance, or influence; to be equivalent; to come practically (to); as, the testimony amounts to very little.

AMOUNT
A*mount", v. t.

Defn: To signify; to amount to. [Obs.]

AMOUNT
A*mount", n.

1. The sum total of two or more sums or quantities; the aggregate; the whole quantity; a totality; as, the amount of 7 and 9 is 16; the amount of a bill; the amount of this year's revenue.

2. The effect, substance, value, significance, or result; the sum; as, the amount of the testimony is this. The whole amount of that enormous fame. Pope.

AMOUR
A*mour", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. amor love.]

1. Love; affection. [Obs.]

2. Love making; a love affair; usually, an unlawful connection in love; a love intrigue; an illicit love affair. In amours with, in love with. [Obs.]

AMOUR PROPRE
A"mour` pro"pre. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Self-love; self-esteem.

AMOVABILITY
A*mov`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Liability to be removed or dismissed from office. [R.] T.
Jefferson.

AMOVABLE
A*mov"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. amovible.]

Defn: Removable.

AMOVE A*move", v. t. Etym: [L. amovere; a- (ab) + movere to move: cf. OF. amover.]

1. To remove, as a person or thing, from a position. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Law)

Defn: To dismiss from an office or station.

AMOVE A*move", v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. amovir, L. admovere to move to, to excite; ad + movere.]

Defn: To move or be moved; to excite. [Obs.] Spenser.

AMPELITE
Am"pe*lite, n. Etym: [L. ampelitis, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An earth abounding in pyrites, used by the ancients to kill insects, etc., on vines; — applied by Brongniart to a carbonaceous alum schist.

AMPELOPSIS Am`pe*lop"sis (am`pe*lop"sis), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'a`mpelos vine + 'o`psis appearance.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus formerly including the Virginia creeper.

AMPERAGE
Am*per"age, n. (Elec.)

Defn: The strength of a current of electricity carried by a conductor or generated by a machine, measured in ampères.

AMPERE; AMPERE
Am`père", Am*pere", n. Etym: [From the name of a French electrician.]
(Elec.)

Defn: The unit of electric current; — defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water, deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called also the international ampère.

AMPERE FOOT
Am`père" foot. (Elec.)

Defn: A unit, employed in calculating fall of pressure in distributing mains, equivalent to a current of one ampère flowing through one foot of conductor.

AMPERE HOUR; AMPERE MINUTE; AMPERE SECOND
Ampère hour. (Elec.)

Defn: The quantity of electricity delivered in one hour by a current whose average strength is one ampère. It is used as a unit of quantity, and is equal to 3600 coulombs. The terms Ampère minute and Ampère second are sometimes similarly used.

AMPEREMETER; AMPEROMETER
Am`père"me`ter, Am`pe*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Ampère + meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the strength of an electrical current in ampères.

AMPERE TURN
Ampère turn. (Elec.)

Defn: A unit equal to the product of one complete convolution (of a coiled conductor) into one ampère of current; thus, a conductor having five convolutions and carrying a current of half an ampère is said to have 2½ ampère turns. The magnetizing effect of a coil is proportional to the number of its ampère turns.

AMPERSAND Am"per*sand, n. Etym: [A corruption of and, per se and, i. e., & by itself makes and.]

Defn: A word used to describe the character Halliwell.

AMPHI-
Am*phi-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prefix in words of Greek origin, signifying both, of both kinds, on both sides, about, around.

AMPHIARTHRODIAL
Am`phi*ar*thro"di*al, a. Etym: [Pref. amphi- + arthrodial.]

Defn: Characterized by amphiarthrosis.

AMPHIARTHROSIS
Am`phi*ar*thro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A form of articulation in which the bones are connected by intervening substance admitting slight motion; symphysis.

AMPHIASTER
Am"phi*as`ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The achromatic figure, formed in mitotic cell-division, consisting of two asters connected by a spindle-shaped bundle of rodlike fibers diverging from each aster, and called the spindle.

AMPHIBIA
Am*phib"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [See Amphibium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of vertebrates.

Note: The Amphibia are distinguished by having usually no scales, by having eggs and embryos similar to those of fishes, and by undergoing a complete metamorphosis, the young having gills. There are three living orders: (1) The tailless, as the frogs (Anura); (2) The tailed (Urodela), as the salamanders, and the siren group (Sirenoidea), which retain the gills of the young state (hence called Perennibranchiata) through the adult state, among which are the siren, proteus, etc.; (3) The Coecilians, or serpentlike Amphibia (Ophiomorpha or Gymnophiona), with minute scales and without limbs. The extinct Labyrinthodonts also belonged to this class. The term is sometimes loosely applied to both reptiles and amphibians collectively.

AMPHIBIAL
Am*phib"i*al (-al), a. & n.

Defn: Amphibian. [R.]

AMPHIBIAN
Am*phib"i*an (-an), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amphibia; as, amphibian reptiles.

AMPHIBIAN
Am*phib"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Amphibia.

AMPHIBIOLOGICAL
Am*phib`i*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to amphibiology.

AMPHIBIOLOGY
Am*phib`i*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. amphibiologie.]

Defn: A treatise on amphibious animals; the department of natural history which treats of the Amphibia.

AMPHIBIOTICA
Am*phib`i*ot"i*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of insects having aquatic larvæ.

AMPHIBIOUS
Am*phib"i*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. i. e., both on land in water;

1. Having the ability to live both on land and in water, as frogs, crocodiles, beavers, and some plants.

2. Pertaining to, adapted for, or connected with, both land and water. The amphibious character of the Greeks was already determined: they were to be lords of land and sea. Hare.

3. Of a mixed nature; partaking of two natures. Not in free and common socage, but in this amphibious subordinate class of villein socage. Blackstone.

AMPHIBIOUSLY
Am*phib"i*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Like an amphibious being.

AMPHIBIUM
Am*phib"i*um, n.; pl. L. Amphibia; E. Amphibiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
Amphibious.]

Defn: An amphibian.

AMPHIBLASTIC
Am`phi*blas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Segmenting unequally; — said of telolecithal ova with complete segmentation.

AMPHIBOLE
Am"phi*bole, n. Etym: [Gr. amphibole. Haüy so named the genus from
the great variety of color and composition assumed by the mineral.]
(Min.)

Defn: A common mineral embracing many varieties varying in color and in composition. It occurs in monoclinic crystals; also massive, generally with fibrous or columnar structure. The color varies from white to gray, green, brown, and black. It is a silicate of magnesium and calcium, with usually aluminium and iron. Some common varieties are tremolite, actinolite, asbestus, edenite, hornblende (the last name being also used as a general term for the whole species). Amphibole is a constituent of many crystalline rocks, as syenite, diorite, most varieties of trachyte, etc. See Hornblende.

AMPHIBOLIC
Am`phi*bol"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to amphiboly; ambiguous; equivocal.

2. Of or resembling the mineral amphibole.

AMPHIBOLOGICAL
Am*phib`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of doubtful meaning; ambiguous. "Amphibological expressions."
Jer. Taylor.
 — Am*phib`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

AMPHIBOLOGY Am`phi*bol"o*gy, n.; pl. Amphibologies. Etym: [L. amphibologia, for amphibolia, fr. Gr. logia as if fr. Gr. amphibologie. See Amphiboly.]

Defn: A phrase, discourse, or proposition, susceptible of two interpretations; and hence, of uncertain meaning. It differs from equivocation, which arises from the twofold sense of a single term.

AMPHIBOLOUS
Am*phib"o*lous, a. Etym: [L. amphibolus, Gr. Amphibole.]

1. Ambiguous; doubtful. [Obs.] Never was there such an amphibolous quarrel — both parties declaring themselves for the king. Howell.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Capable of two meanings. An amphibolous sentence is one that is capable of two meanings, not from the double sense of any of the words, but from its admitting of a double construction; e. g., "The duke yet lives that Henry shall depose." Whately.

AMPHIBOLY Am*phib"o*ly, n.; pl. Amphibolies. Etym: [L. amphibolia, Gr. amphibolie. See Amphibolous.]

Defn: Ambiguous discourse; amphibology. If it oracle contrary to our interest or humor, we will create an amphiboly, a double meaning where there is none. Whitlock.

AMPHIBRACH
Am"phi*brach, n. Etym: [L. (Anc. Pros.)

Defn: A foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last short (as, h. In modern prosody the accented syllable takes the place of the long and the unaccented of the short; as, pro-phet''ic.

AMPHICARPIC; AMPHICARPOUS
Am`phi*car"pic, Am`phi*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing fruit of two kinds, either as to form or time of ripening.

AMPHICHROIC
Am`phi*chro"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Exhibiting or producing two colors, as substances which in the color test may change red litmus to blue and blue litmus to red.

AMPHICOELIAN; AMPHICOELOUS
Am`phi*coe"li*an, Am`phi*coe"lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having both ends concave; biconcave; — said of vertebræ.

AMPHICOME
Am"phi*come, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A kind of figured stone, rugged and beset with eminences, anciently used in divination. [Obs.] Encyc. Brit.

AMPHICTYONIC
Am*phic`ty*on"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amphictyons or their League or Council; as, an Amphictyonic town or state; the Amphictyonic body. W. Smith.

AMPHICTYONS
Am*phic"ty*ons, n. pl. Etym: [L. Amphictyones, Gr. (Grecian Hist.)

Defn: Deputies from the confederated states of ancient Greece to a congress or council. They considered both political and religious matters.

AMPHICTYONY
Am*phic"ty*o*ny, n.; pl. Amphictyonies. Etym: [Gr. (Grecian Hist.)

Defn: A league of states of ancient Greece; esp. the celebrated confederation known as the Amphictyonic Council. Its object was to maintain the common interests of Greece.

AMPHID
Am"phid, n. Etym: [Gr. amphide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of the class formed by the combination of an acid and a base, or by the union of two oxides, two sulphides, selenides, or tellurides, as distinguished from a haloid compound. [R.] Berzelius.

AMPHIDISC
Am"phi*disc, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar small siliceous spicule having a denticulated wheel at each end; — found in freshwater sponges.

AMPHIDROMICAL
Am`phi*drom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to an Attic festival at the naming of a child; — so called because the friends of the parents carried the child around the hearth and then named it.

AMPHIGAMOUS
Am*phig"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a structure entirely cellular, and no distinct sexual organs; — a term applied by De Candolle to the lowest order of plants.

AMPHIGEAN
Am`phi*ge"an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Extending over all the zones, from the tropics to the polar zones inclusive.

AMPHIGEN
Am"phi*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen: cf. F. amphigène.] (Chem.)

Defn: An element that in combination produces amphid salt; — applied by Berzelius to oxygen, sulphur, selenium, and tellurium. [R.]

AMPHIGENE
Am"phi*gene, n. (Min.)

Defn: Leucite.

AMPHIGENESIS
Am`phi*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Sexual generation; amphigony.

AMPHIGENOUS
Am*phig"e*nous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Increasing in size by growth on all sides, as the lichens.

AMPHIGONIC
Am`phi*gon"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to amphigony; sexual; as, amphigonic propagation.
[R.]

AMPHIGONOUS
Am*phig"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to both parents. [R.]

AMPHIGONY
Am*phig"o*ny, n.

Defn: Sexual propagation. [R.]

AMPHIGORIC
Am`phi*gor"ic, a. Etym: [See Amphigory.]

Defn: Nonsensical; absurd; pertaining to an amphigory.

AMPHIGORY Am"phi*go*ry, n. Etym: [F. amphigouri, of uncertain derivation; perh. fr. Gr.

Defn: A nonsense verse; a rigmarole, with apparent meaning, which on further attention proves to be meaningless. [Written also amphigouri.]

AMPHILOGISM; AMPHILOGY
Am*phil"o*gism, Am*phil"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: Ambiguity of speech; equivocation. [R.]

AMPHIMACER
Am*phim"a*cer, n. Etym: [L. amphimacru, Gr. (Anc. Pros.)

Defn: A foot of three syllables, the middle one short and the others long, as in cast. Andrews.

AMPHINEURA
Am`phi*neu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Mollusca remarkable for the bilateral symmetry of the organs and the arrangement of the nerves.

AMPHIOXUS
Am`phi*ox"us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fishlike creature (Amphioxus lanceolatus), two or three inches long, found in temperature seas; — also called the lancelet. Its body is pointed at both ends. It is the lowest and most generalized of the vertebrates, having neither brain, skull, vertebræ, nor red blood. It forms the type of the group Acrania, Leptocardia, etc.

AMPHIPNEUST
Am*phip"neust, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of Amphibia, which have both lungs and gills at the same time, as the proteus and siren.

AMPHIPOD
Am"phi*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Amphipoda.

AMPHIPOD; AMPHIPODAN
Am"phi*pod, Am*phip"o*dan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda.

AMPHIPODA
Am*phip"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., FR. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A numerous group of fourteen — footed Crustacea, inhabiting both fresh and salt water. The body is usually compressed laterally, and the anterior pairs or legs are directed downward and forward, but the posterior legs are usually turned upward and backward. The beach flea is an example. See Tetradecapoda and Arthrostraca.

AMPHIPODOUS
Am*phip"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Amphipoda.

AMPHIPROSTYLE
Am*phip"ro*style, a. Etym: [L. amphiprostylos, Gr. amphiprostyle. See
Prostyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: Doubly prostyle; having columns at each end, but not at the sides. — n.

Defn: An amphiprostyle temple or edifice.

AMPHIRHINA
Am`phi*rhi"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name applied to the elasmobranch fishes, because the nasal sac is double.

AMPHISBAENA
Am`phis*bæ"na, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A fabled serpent with a head at each end, moving either way. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of harmless lizards, serpentlike in form, without legs, and with both ends so much alike that they appear to have a head at each, and ability to move either way. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: The Gordius aquaticus, or hairworm, has been called an amphisbæna; but it belongs among the worms.

AMPHISBAENOID
Am`phis*bæ"noid, a. Etym: [NL., fr. L. amphisbaena + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the lizards of the genus Amphisbæna.

AMPHISCII; AMPHISCIANS
Am*phis"ci*i, Am*phis"cians, n. pl. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The inhabitants of the tropic, whose shadows in one part of the year are cast to the north, and in the other to the south, according as the sun is south or north of their zenith.

AMPHISTOMOUS
Am*phis"to*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a sucker at each extremity, as certain entozoa, by means of which they adhere.

AMPHISTYLIC
Am`phi*sty"lic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the mandibular arch articulated with the hyoid arch and the cranium, as in the cestraciont sharks; — said of a skull.

AMPHITHEATER; AMPHITHEATRE
Am`phi*the"a*ter, Am`phi*the"a*tre,, n. Etym: [L. amphitheatrum, fr.
Gr. amphithé\'83tre. See Theater.]

1. An oval or circular building with rising tiers of seats about an open space called the arena.

Note: The Romans first constructed amphitheaters for combats of gladiators and wild beasts.

2. Anything resembling an amphitheater in form; as, a level surrounded by rising slopes or hills, or a rising gallery in a theater.

AMPHITHEATRAL Am`phi*the"a*tral, a. Etym: [L. amphitheatralis: cf. F. amphithé\'83tral.]

Defn: Amphitheatrical; resembling an amphitheater.

AMPHITHEATRIC; AMPHITHEATRICAL Am`phi*the*at"ric, Am`phi*the*at"ric*al, a. Etym: [L. amphitheatricus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, exhibited in, or resembling, an amphitheater.

AMPHITHEATRICALLY
Am`phi*the*at"ric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form or manner of an amphitheater.

AMPHITROCHA
Am*phit"ro*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of annelid larva having both a dorsal and a ventral circle of special cilia.

AMPHITROPAL; AMPHITROPOUS
Am*phit"ro*pal, Am*phit"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the ovule inverted, but with the attachment near the middle of one side; half anatropous.

AMPHIUMA
Am`phi*u"ma, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of amphibians, inhabiting the Southern United States, having a serpentlike form, but with four minute limbs and two persistent gill openings; the Congo snake.

AMPHOPEPTONE
Am`pho*pep"tone, n. Etym: [Gr. peptone.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and antipeptone.

AMPHORA
Am"pho*ra, n.; pl. Amophoræ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Ampul.]

Defn: Among the ancients, a two-handled vessel, tapering at the bottom, used for holding wine, oil, etc.

AMPHORAL
Am"pho*ral, a. Etym: [L. amphoralis.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an amphora.

AMPHORIC
Am*phor"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Produced by, or indicating, a cavity in the lungs, not filled, and giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter; as, amphoric respiration or resonance.

AMPHOTERIC
Am`pho*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Partly one and partly the other; neither acid nor alkaline; neutral. [R.] Smart.

AMPLE Am"ple, a. Etym: [F. ample, L. amplus, prob. for ambiplus full on both sides, the last syllable akin to L. plenus full. See Full, and cf. Double.]

Defn: Large; great in size, extent, capacity, or bulk; spacious;
roomy; widely extended.
All the people in that ample house Did to that image bow their humble
knees. Spenser.

2. Fully sufficient; abundant; liberal; copious; as, an ample fortune; ample justice.

3. Not contracted of brief; not concise; extended; diffusive; as, an ample narrative. Johnson.

Syn. — Full; spacious; extensive; wide; capacious; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; copious; bountiful; rich; liberal; munificent. — Ample, Copious, Abundant, Plenteous. These words agree in representing a thing as large, but under different relations, according to the image which is used. Ample implies largeness, producing a sufficiency or fullness of supply for every want; as, ample stores or resources, ample provision. Copious carries with it the idea of flow, or of collection at a single point; as, a copious supply of materials. "Copious matter of my song." Milton. Abundant and plenteous refer to largeness of quantity; as, abundant stores; plenteous harvests.

AMPLECTANT
Am*plec"tant, a. Etym: [L. amplecti to embrace.] (Bot.)

Defn: Clasping a support; as, amplectant tendrils. Gray.

AMPLENESS
Am"ple*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being ample; largeness; fullness; completeness.

AMPLEXATION
Am`plex*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. amplexari to embrace.]

Defn: An embrace. [Obs.]
An humble amplexation of those sacred feet. Bp. Hall.

AMPLEXICAUL Am*plex"i*caul, a. Etym: [L. amplexus, p. p. of amplecti to encircle, to embrace + caulis stem: cf. F. amplexicaule.] (Bot.)

Defn: Clasping or embracing a stem, as the base of some leaves. Gray.

AMPLIATE Am"pli*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. ampliatus, p. p. of ampliare to make wider, fr. amplus. See Ample.]

Defn: To enlarge. [R.]
To maintain and ampliate the external possessions of your empire.
Udall.

AMPLIATE
Am"pli*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the outer edge prominent; said of the wings of insects.

AMPLIATION
Am`pli*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. ampliatio: cf. F. ampliation.]

1. Enlargement; amplification. [R.]

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: A postponement of the decision of a cause, for further consideration or re-argument.

AMPLIATIVE
Am"pli*a*tive, a. (Logic)

Defn: Enlarging a conception by adding to that which is already known or received. "All bodies possess power of attraction" is an ampliative judgment; because we can think of bodies without thinking of attraction as one of their immediate primary attribute. Abp. W. Thomson.

AMPLIFICATE
Am*plif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. amplificatus, p. p. of amplificare.]

Defn: To amplify. [Obs.] Bailey.

AMPLIFICATION
Am`pli*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. amplificatio.]

1. The act of amplifying or enlarging in dimensions; enlargement; extension.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: The enlarging of a simple statement by particularity of description, the use of epithets, etc., for rhetorical effect; diffuse narrative or description, or a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject. Exaggeration is a species of amplification. Brande & C. I shall summarily, without any amplification at all, show in what manner defects have been supplied. Sir J. Davies.

3. The matter by which a statement is amplified; as, the subject was presented without amplifications.

AMPLIFICATIVE
Am*plif"i*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Amplificatory.

AMPLIFICATORY
Am*plif"i*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to amplify or enlarge; amplificative. Morell.

AMPLIFIER
Am"pli*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who or that which amplifies.

AMPLIFY
Am"pli*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amplified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Amplifying.] Etym: [F. amplifier, L. amplificare. See Ample, -fy.]

1. To render larger, more extended, or more intense, and the like; — used especially of telescopes, microscopes, etc.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: To enlarge by addition or discussion; to treat copiously by adding particulars, illustrations, etc.; to expand; to make much of. Troilus and Cressida was written by a Lombard author, but much amplified by our English translator. Dryden.

AMPLIFY
Am"pli*fy, v. i.

1. To become larger. [Obs.] Strait was the way at first, withouten light, But further in did further amplify. Fairfax.

2. To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in argument or description; to dilate; to expatiate; — often with on or upon. Watts. He must often enlarge and amplify upon the subject he handles. South.

AMPLITUDE
Am"pli*tude, n. Etym: [L. amplitudo, fr. amplus: cf. F. amplitude.
See Ample.]

1. State of being ample; extent of surface or space; largeness of dimensions; size. The cathedral of Lincoln . . . is a magnificent structure, proportionable to the amplitude of the diocese. Fuller.

2. Largeness, in a figurative sense; breadth; abundance; fullness. (a) Of extent of capacity or intellectual powers. "Amplitude of mind." Milton. "Amplitude of comprehension." Macaulay. (b) Of extent of means or resources. "Amplitude of reward." Bacon.

3. (Astron.) (a) The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and the center of the sun, or a star, at its rising or setting. At the rising, the amplitude is eastern or ortive: at the setting, it is western, occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern, when north or south of the equator. (b) The arc of the horizon between the true east or west point and the foot of the vertical circle passing through any star or object.

4. (Gun.)

Defn: The horizontal line which measures the distance to which a projectile is thrown; the range.

5. (Physics)

Defn: The extent of a movement measured from the starting point or position of equilibrium; — applied especially to vibratory movements.

6. (math.)

Defn: An angle upon which the value of some function depends; — a term used more especially in connection with elliptic functions. Magnetic amplitude, the angular distance of a heavenly body, when on the horizon, from the magnetic east or west point as indicated by the compass. The difference between the magnetic and the true or astronomical amplitude (see 3 above) is the "variation of the compass."

AMPLY
Am"ply, adv.

Defn: In an ample manner.

AMPUL
Am"pul, n. Etym: [AS. ampella, ampolla, L. ampulla: cf. OF. ampolle,
F. ampoule.]

Defn: Same as Ampulla, 2.

AMPULLA
Am*pul"la, n.; pl. Ampullæ. Etym: [L. ]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A narrow-necked vessel having two handles and bellying out like a jug.

2. (Eccl.) (a) A cruet for the wine and water at Mass. (b) The vase in which the holy oil for chrism, unction, or coronation is kept. Shipley.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: Any membranous bag shaped like a leathern bottle, as the dilated end of a vessel or duct; especially the dilations of the semicircular canals of the ear.

AMPULLACEOUS
Am`pul*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. ampullaceus, fr. ampulla.]

Defn: Like a bottle or inflated bladder; bottle-shaped; swelling. Kirby. Ampullaceous sac (Zoöl.), one of the peculiar cavities in the tissues of sponges, containing the zooidal cells.

AMPULLAR; AMPULLARY
Am"pul*lar, Am`pul*la*ry, a.

Defn: Resembling an ampulla.

AMPULLATE; AMPULLATED
Am"pul*late, Am"pul*la`ted a.

Defn: Having an ampulla; flask-shaped; bellied.

AMPULLIFORM
Am*pul"li*form, a. Etym: [Ampulla + -form.]

Defn: Flask-shaped; dilated.

AMPUTATE
Am"pu*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amputated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Amputating.] Etym: [L. amputatus, p. p. of amputare: amb- + putare to
prune, putus clean, akin to E. pure. See Putative.]

1. To prune or lop off, as branches or tendrils.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: To cut off (a limb or projecting part (of the body). Wiseman.

AMPUTATION
Am`pu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. amputatio: cf. F. amputation.]

Defn: The act amputating; esp. the operation of cutting of a limb or projecting part of the body.

AMPUTATOR
Am"pu*ta"tor, n.

Defn: One who amputates.

AMPYX
Am"pyx, n. Etym: [Gr. (Greek Antiq.)

Defn: A woman's headband (sometimes of metal), for binding the front hair.

AMRITA
Am*ri"ta, n. Etym: [Skr. amrita.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: Immorality; also, the nectar conferring immortality.
 — a. Ambrosial; immortal.

AMSEL; AMZEL
Am"sel, Am"zel, n. Etym: [Ger. See Ousel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European ring ousel (Turdus torquatus).

AMT
Amt, n.; pl. Amter (#), E. Amts (#). [Dan. & Norw., fr. G.]

Defn: An administrative territorial division in Denmark and Norway.

Each of the provinces [of Denmark] is divided into several amts, answering . . . to the English hundreds. Encyc. Brit.

AMUCK
A*muck", a. & adv. Etym: [Malay amoq furious.]

Defn: In a frenzied and reckless. To run amuck, to rush out in a state of frenzy, as the Malays sometimes do under the influence of "bhang," and attack every one that comes in the way; to assail recklessly and indiscriminately. Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet To run amuck, and tilt at all I meet. Pope.

AMULET
Am"u*let, n. Etym: [L. amuletum: cf. F. amulette.]

Defn: An ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic, etc., worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic forms or characters.

Note: [Also used figuratively.]

AMULETIC
Am`u*let"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an amulet; operating as a charm.

AMURCOUS
A*mur"cous, a. Etym: [LL. amurcous, L. amurca the dregs of olives,
Gr.

Defn: Full off dregs; foul. [R.] Knowles.

AMUSABLE
A*mus"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. amusable.]

Defn: Capable of being amused.

AMUSE
A*muse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Amused; p. pr. & vb. n. Amusing.] Etym:
[F. amuser to make stay, to detain, to amuse, ad) + OF. muser. See
Muse, v.]

1. To occupy or engage the attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to distract; to bewilder. [Obs.] Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were amused in receiving their gold. Holland. Being amused with grief, fear, and fright, he could not find the house. Fuller.

2. To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to stir with pleasing or mirthful emotions; to divert. A group children amusing themselves with pushing stones from the top [of the cliff], and watching as they plunged into the lake. Gilpin.

3. To keep in extraction; to beguile; to delude. He amused his followers with idle promises. Johnson.

Syn. — To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile; deceive; occupy. — To Amuse, Divert, Entertain. We are amused by that which occupies us lightly and pleasantly. We are entertained by that which brings our minds into agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a book. We are diverted by that which turns off our thoughts to something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature, as a humorous story, or a laughable incident. Whatever amuses serves to kill time, to lull the faculties, and to banish reflection. Whatever entertains usually a wakens the understanding or gratifies the fancy. Whatever diverts is lively in its nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects. Crabb.

AMUSE
A*muse", v. i.

Defn: To muse; to mediate. [Obs.]

AMUSED
A*mused", a.

1. Diverted.

2. Expressing amusement; as, an amused look.

AMUSEMENT
A*muse"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. amusement.]

1. Deep thought; muse. [Obs.] Here I . . . fell into a strong and deep amusement, revolving in my mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change of our affairs. Fleetwood.

2. The state of being amused; pleasurable excitement; that which amuses; diversion. His favorite amusements were architecture and gardening. Macaulay.

Syn.
 — Diversion; entertainment; recreation; relaxation; pastime; sport.

AMUSER
A*mus"er, n.

Defn: One who amuses.

AMUSETTE
Am`u*sette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A light field cannon, or stocked gun mounted on a swivel.

AMUSING
A*mus"ing, a.

Defn: Giving amusement; diverting; as, an amusing story.
 — A*mus"ing*ly, adv.

AMUSIVE
A*mu"sive, a.

Defn: Having power to amuse or entertain the mind; fitted to excite mirth. [R.] — A*mu"sive*ly, adv. — A*mu"sive*ness, n.

AMVIS
Am"vis, n. [Ammonium (nitrate) + L. vis strength, force.]

Defn: An explosive consisting of ammonium nitrate, a derivative of nitrobenzene, chlorated napthalene, and wood meal.

AMY
A*my", n. Etym: [F. ami, fr. L. amicus.]

Defn: A friend. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AMYELOUS
A*my"e*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Wanting the spinal cord.

AMYGDALA A*myg"da*la (a*mig"da*la), n.; pl. -læ (-le). [L., an almond, fr. Gr. 'amygda`lh. See Almond.]

1. An almond.

2. (Anat.)
 (a) One of the tonsils of the pharynx.
 (b) One of the rounded prominences of the lower surface of the
lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum, each side of the vallecula.

AMYGDALACEOUS
A*myg`da*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Akin to, or derived from, the almond.

AMYGDALATE
A*myg"da*late, a. Etym: [L. amygdala, amygdalum, almond, Gr. Almond.]

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or made of, almonds.

AMYGDALATE
A*myg"da*late, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: An emulsion made of almonds; milk of almonds. Bailey. Coxe.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt amygdalic acid.

AMYGDALIC
Am`yg*dal"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to almonds; derived from amygdalin; as, amygdalic acid.

AMYGDALIFEROUS
A*myg`da*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. amygdalum almond + -ferous.]

Defn: Almond-bearing.

AMYGDALIN
A*myg"da*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds as a white, crystalline substance.

AMYGDALINE
A*myg"da*line, a. Etym: [L. amygdalinus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, almonds.

AMYGDALOID
A*myg"da*loid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. amygdaloïde.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities, occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When the imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition, it is porous, like lava.

AMYGDALOID; AMYGDALOIDAL
A*myg"da*loid, A*myg`da*loid"al, a.

1. Almond-shaped.

2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, the rock amygdaloid.

AMYL
Am"yl, n. Etym: [L. amylum starch + -yl. Cf. Amidin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical, C5H11, of the paraffine series found in amyl alcohol or fusel oil, etc.

AMYLACEOUS
Am`y*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. amylum starch, Gr. Amidin.]

Defn: Pertaining to starch; of the nature of starch; starchy.

AMYL ALCOHOL
Am"yl al"co*hol. (Org. Chem.)

Defn: Any of eight isomeric liquid compounds, C5H11OH; ordinarily, a mixture of two of these forming a colorless liquid with a peculiar cough-exciting odor and burning taste, the chief constituent of fusel oil. It is used as a source of amyl compounds, such as amyl acetate, amyl nitrite, etc.

AMYLATE
Am"y*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of the radical amyl with oxygen and a positive atom or radical.

AMYLENE
Am"y*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons, C5H10, of the ethylene series. The colorless, volatile, mobile liquid commonly called amylene is a mixture of different members of the group.

AMYLIC
A*myl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, amyl; as, amylic ether. Amylic alcohol (Chem.), one of the series of alcohols, a transparent, colorless liquid, having a peculiar odor. It is the hydroxide of amyl. — Amylic fermentation (Chem.), a process of fermentation in starch or sugar in which amylic alcohol is produced. Gregory.

AMYL NITRITE
Amyl nitrite.

Defn: A yellowish oily volatile liquid, C5H11NO2, used in medicine as a heart stimulant and a vasodilator. The inhalation of its vapor instantly produces flushing of the face.

AMYLOBACTER
Am`y*lo*bac"ter, n. Etym: [L. amylum starch + NL. bacterium. See
Bacterium.] (Biol.)

Defn: A microörganism (Bacillus amylobacter) which develops in vegetable tissue during putrefaction. Sternberg.

AMYLOGEN
A*myl"o*gen, n. [Amylum + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: That part of the starch granule or granulose which is soluble in water.

AMYLOGENESIS
Am`y*lo*gen"e*sis, n. [Amylum + genesis.]

Defn: The formation of starch.

AMYLOGENIC
Am`y*lo*gen"ic, a.

1. Of or pert. to amylogen.

2. Forming starch; — applied specif. to leucoplasts.

AMYLOID
Am"y*loid, n.

1. A non-nitrogenous starchy food; a starchlike substance.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The substance deposited in the organs in amyloid degeneration.

AMYLOID; AMYLOIDAL
Am"y*loid, Am`y*loid"al, a. Etym: [L. amylum starch + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling or containing amyl; starchlike. Amyloid degeneration (Med.), a diseased condition of various organs of the body, produced by the deposit of an albuminous substance, giving a blue color with iodine and sulphuric acid; — called also waxy or lardaceous degeneration.

AMYLOLYSIS
Am`y*lol"y*sis, n. [Amylum + Gr. a loosing.] (Chem.)

Defn: The conversion of starch into soluble products, as dextrins and sugar, esp. by the action of enzymes. — Am`y*lo*lyt"ic (#), a.

AMYLOLYTIC
Am`y*lo*ly"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Effecting the conversion of starch into soluble dextrin and sugar; as, an amylolytic ferment. Foster.

AMYLOMETER
Am`y*lom"e*ter, n. [Amylum + -meter.]

Defn: Instrument for determining the amount of starch in a substance.

AMYLOPLASTIC
Am`y*lo*plas"tic, a. [Amylum + -plastic.]

Defn: Starch-forming; amylogenic.

AMYLOPSIN
Am`y*lop"sin, n. [Amylum + Gr. appearance.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The diastase of the pancreatic juice.

AMYLOSE
Am`y*lose", n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the starch group (C6H10O5)n of the carbohydrates; as, starch, arabin, dextrin, cellulose, etc.

AMYOUS
Am"y*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Wanting in muscle; without flesh.

AMYSS
Am"yss, n.

Defn: Same as Amice, a hood or cape.

AN
An. Etym: [AS. an one, the same word as the numeral. See One, and cf.
A.]

Defn: This word is properly an adjective, but is commonly called the indefinite article. It is used before nouns of the singular number only, and signifies one, or any, but somewhat less emphatically. In such expressions as "twice an hour," "once an age," a shilling an ounce (see 2d A, 2), it has a distributive force, and is equivalent to each, every.

Note: An is used before a word beginning with a vowel sound; as, an enemy, an hour. It in also often used before h sounded, when the accent of the word falls on the second syllable; as, an historian, an hyena, an heroic deed. Many writers use a before h in such positions. Anciently an was used before consonants as well as vowels.

AN An, conj. Etym: [Shortened fr. and, OE. an., and, sometimes and if, in introducing conditional clauses, like Icel. enda if, the same word as and. Prob. and was originally pleonastic before the conditional clause.]

Defn: If; — a word used by old English authors. Shak.
Nay, an thou dalliest, then I am thy foe. B. Jonson.
An if, and if; if.

ANA-
An"a-. Etym: [/Gr. in comp., on, up, upwards.]

Defn: A prefix in words from the Greek, denoting up, upward, throughout, backward, back, again, anew.

ANA
A"na, adv. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Of each; an equal quantity; as, wine and honey, ana (or, contracted, aa), ., that is, of wine and honey, each, two ounces. An apothecary with a . . . long bill of anas. Dryden.

ANA *a"na. Etym: [The neut. pl. ending of Latin adjectives in -anus.]

Defn: A suffix to names of persons or places, used to denote a collection of notable sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus, Scaligerana is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger, Johnsoniana of Johnson, etc.

Note: Used also as a substantive; as, the French anas. It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all the ana of the Continent. Hallam.

-ANA -a"na. [The neut. pl. ending of Latin adjectives in -anus.]

Defn: A suffix to names of persons or places, used to denote a collection of notable sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus, Scaligerana is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger, Johnsoniana of Johnson, etc.

Used also as a substantive; as, the French anas.

It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all the ana
of the Continent.
Hallam.

ANABAPTISM
An`a*bap"tism, n. Etym: [L. anabaptismus, Gr. anabaptisme. See
Anabaptize.]

Defn: The doctrine of the Anabaptists.

ANABAPTIST An`a*bap"tist, n. Etym: [LL. anabaptista, fr. Gr. as if : cf. F. anabaptiste.]

Defn: A name sometimes applied to a member of any sect holding that rebaptism is necessary for those baptized in infancy.

Note: In church history, the name Anabaptists usually designates a sect of fanatics who greatly disturbed the peace of Germany, the Netherlands, etc., in the Reformation period. In more modern times the name has been applied to those who do not regard infant baptism as real and valid baptism.

ANABAPTISTIC; ANABAPTISTICAL
An`a*bap*tis"tic, An`a*bap*tis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Relating or attributed to the Anabaptists, or their doctrines.
Milton. Bp. Bull.

ANABAPTISTRY
An`a*bap"tist*ry, n.

Defn: The doctrine, system, or practice, of Anabaptists. [R.]
Thus died this imaginary king; and Anabaptistry was suppressed in
Munster. Pagitt.

ANABAPTIZE
An`a*bap*tize", v. t. Etym: [Gr. Baptize.]

Defn: To rebaptize; to rechristen; also, to rename. [R.] Whitlock.

ANABAS
An"a*bas, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes, remarkable for their power of living long out of water, and of making their way on land for considerable distances, and for climbing trees; the climbing fishes.

ANABASIS
A*nab"a*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A journey or expedition up from the coast, like that of the younger Cyrus into Central Asia, described by Xenophon in his work called "The Anabasis." The anabasis of Napoleon. De Quincey.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The first period, or increase, of a disease; augmentation.
[Obs.]

ANABATIC
An`a*bat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to anabasis; as, an anabatic fever. [Obs.]

ANABOLIC
An`a*bol"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to anabolism; an anabolic changes, or processes, more or less constructive in their nature.

ANABOLISM
A*nab"o*lism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from katabolism.

ANABRANCH
An"a*branch, n. [Anastomosing + branch.]

Defn: A branch of a river that reënters, or anastomoses with, the main stream; also, less properly, a branch which loses itself in sandy soil. [Australia]

Such branches of a river as after separation reunite, I would term anastomosing branches; or, if a word might be coined, anabranches, and the islands they form branch islands. Col. Jackson.

ANACAMPTIC
An`a*camp"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Reflecting of reflected; as, an anacamptic sound (and echo).

Note: The word was formerly applied to that part of optics which treats of reflection; the same as what is now called catoptric. See Catoptrics.

ANACAMPTICALLY
An`a*camp"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By reflection; as, echoes are sound produced anacamptically.
Hutton.

ANACAMPTICS
An`a*camp"tics, n.

1. The science of reflected light, now called catoptrics.

2. The science of reflected sounds.

ANACANTHINI; ANACANTHS
An`a*can"thi*ni, An"a*canths, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of teleostean fishes destitute of spiny fin-rays, as the cod.

ANACANTHOUS
An`a*can"thous, a.

Defn: Spineless, as certain fishes.

ANACARDIACEOUS
An`a*car"di*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a family, or order, of plants of which the cashew tree is the type, and the species of sumac are well known examples.

ANACARDIC
An`a*car"dic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the cashew nut; as, anacardic acid.

ANACARDIUM
An`a*car"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the cashew tree. See Cashew.

ANACATHARTIC
An`a*ca*thar"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. i. e., by vomiting; Cathartic.]
(Med.)

Defn: Producing vomiting or expectoration.
 — n.

Defn: An anacatharic medicine; an expectorant or an emetic.

ANACHARIS
An*ach"a*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fresh-water weed of the frog's-bit family (Hydrocharidaceæ), native to America. Transferred to England it became an obstruction to navigation. Called also waterweed and water thyme.

ANACHORET; ANACHORETICAL
An*ach"o*ret, n. An*ach`o*ret"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Anchoret, Anchoretic. [Obs.]

ANACHORISM
An*ach"o*rism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An error in regard to the place of an event or a thing; a referring something to a wrong place. [R.]

ANACHRONIC; ANACHRONICAL
An`a*chron"ic, An`a*chron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Characterized by, or involving, anachronism; anachronistic.

ANACHRONISM
An*ach"ro*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. anachronisme.]

Defn: A misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in chronology by which events are misplaced in regard to each other, esp. one by which an event is placed too early; falsification of chronological relation.

ANACHRONISTIC
An*ach`ro*nis"tic, a.

Defn: Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism. T. Warton.

ANACHRONIZE
An*ach"ro*nize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To refer to, or put into, a wrong time. [R.] Lowell.

ANACHRONOUS
An*ach"ro*nous, a.

Defn: Containing an anachronism; anachronistic.
 — An*ach"ro*nous*ly, adv.

ANACLASTIC
An`a*clas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Opt.)

Defn: Produced by the refraction of light, as seen through water; as, anaclastic curves.

2. Springing back, as the bottom of an anaclastic glass. Anaclastic glass, a glass or phial, shaped like an inverted funnel, and with a very thin convex bottom. By sucking out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form with a smart crack; and by breathing or blowing gently into the orifice, the bottom, with a like noise, springs into its former convex form.

ANACLASTICS
An`a*clas"tics, n. (Opt.)

Defn: That part of optics which treats of the refraction of light; — commonly called dioptrics. Encyc. Brit.

ANACOENOSIS
An`a*coe*no"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a speaker appeals to his hearers or opponents for their opinion on the point in debate. Walker.

ANACOLUTHIC
An`a*co*lu"thic, a.

Defn: Lacking grammatical sequence.
 — An`a*co*lu"thic*al*ly, adv.

ANACOLUTHON
An`a*co*lu"thon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A want of grammatical sequence or coherence in a sentence; an instance of a change of construction in a sentence so that the latter part does not syntactically correspond with the first part.

ANACONDA
An`a*con"da, n. Etym: [Of Ceylonese origin] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American snake of the Boa family (Eunectes murinus), which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small mammals. The name is also applied to a similar large serpent (Python tigris) of Ceylon.

ANACREONTIC
A*nac`re*on"tic, a. Etym: [L. Anacreonticus.]

Defn: Pertaining to, after the manner of, or in the meter of, the
Greek poet Anacreon; amatory and convivial. De Quincey.

ANACREONTIC
A*nac`re*on"tic, n.

Defn: A poem after the manner of Anacreon; a sprightly little poem in praise of love and wine.

ANACROTIC
An`a*crot"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to anachronism.

ANACROTISM
A*nac"ro*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A secondary notch in the pulse curve, obtained in a sphygmographic tracing.

ANACRUSIS
An`a*cru"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A prefix of one or two unaccented syllables to a verse properly beginning with an accented syllable.

ANADEM
An"a*dem, n. Etym: [L. anadema, Gr.

Defn: A garland or fillet; a chaplet or wreath. Drayton. Tennyson.

ANADIPLOSIS
An`a*di*plo"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A repetition of the last word or any prominent word in a sentence or clause, at the beginning of the next, with an adjunct idea; as, "He retained his virtues amidst all his misfortunes — misfortunes which no prudence could foresee or prevent."

ANADROM
An"a*drom, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anadrome.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish that leaves the sea and ascends rivers.

ANADROMOUS
A*nad"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ascending rivers from the sea, at certain seasons, for breeding, as the salmon, shad, etc.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Tending upwards; — said of terns in which the lowest secondary segments are on the upper side of the branch of the central stem. D. C. Eaton.

ANAEMIA
A*næ"mi*a, a. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in quality or in quantity.

ANAEMIC
A*næm"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anæmia.

ANAEROBIA; ANAEROBES
An*a`ër*o"bi*a, An*a"ër*obes, n. pl. [NL. anaerobia; an-not + aëro- +
Gr. life.] (Bacteriol.)

Defn: Anaërobic bacteria. They are called facultative anaërobia when able to live either in the presence or absence of free oxygen; obligate, or obligatory, anaërobia when they thrive only in its absence.

ANAEROBIC
An*a`ë*rob"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or like, anaërobies; araërobiotic.

ANAEROBIES
An*a"ër*o*bies, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Microörganisms which do not require oxygen, but are killed by it. Sternberg.

ANAEROBIOTIC
An*a`ër*o*bi*ot"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Related to, or of the nature of, anaërobies.

ANAESTHESIA
An`æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. anesthésie. See Æsthetics.]
(Med.)

Defn: Entire or partial loss or absence of feeling or sensation; a state of general or local insensibility produced by disease or by the inhalation or application of an anæsthetic.

ANAESTHESIS
An`æs*the"sis, n.

Defn: See Anæsthesia.

ANAESTHETIC An`æs*thet"ic, a. (Med.) (a) Capable of rendering insensible; as, anæsthetic agents. (b) Characterized by, or connected with, insensibility; as, an anæsthetic effect or operation.

ANAESTHETIC
An`æs*thet"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: That which produces insensibility to pain, as chloroform, ether, etc.

ANAESTHETIZATION
An*æs`the*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process of anæsthetizing; also, the condition of the nervous system induced by anæsthetics.

ANAESTHETIZE
An*æs"the*tize, v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To render insensible by an anæsthetic. Encyc. Brit.

ANAGLYPH
An"a*glyph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Any sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament worked in low relief, as a cameo.

ANAGLYPHIC
An`a*glyph"ic, n.

Defn: Work chased or embossed relief.

ANAGLYPHIC; ANAGLYPHICAL
An`a*glyph"ic, An`a*glyph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the art of chasing or embossing in relief; anaglyptic; — opposed to diaglyptic or sunk work.

ANAGLYPTIC
An`a*glyp"tic, a. Etym: [L. anaglypticus, Gr. Anaglyph.]

Defn: Relating to the art of carving, enchasing, or embossing in low relief.

ANAGLYPTICS
An`a*glyp"tics, n.

Defn: The art of carving in low relief, embossing, etc.

ANAGLYPTOGRAPH
An`a*glyp"to*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument by which a correct engraving of any embossed object, such as a medal or cameo, can be executed. Brande & C.

ANAGLYPTOGRAPHIC
An`a*glyp`to*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anaglyptography; as, analyptographic engraving.

ANAGLYPTOGRAPHY
An`a*glyp*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The art of copying works in relief, or of engraving as to give the subject an embossed or raised appearance; — used in representing coins, bas-reliefs, etc.

ANAGNORISIS
An`ag*nor"i*sis, n. Etym: [Latinized fr. Gr.

Defn: The unfolding or dénouement. [R.] De Quincey.

ANAGOGE
An`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. An elevation of mind to things celestial.

2. The spiritual meaning or application; esp. the application of the types and allegories of the Old Testament to subjects of the New.

ANAGOGIC; ANAGOGICAL
An`a*gog"ic, An`a*gog"ic*al, a.

Defn: Mystical; having a secondary spiritual meaning; as, the rest of the Sabbath, in an anagogical sense, signifies the repose of the saints in heaven; an anagogical explication. — An`a*gog"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANAGOGICS
An`a*gog"ics, n. pl.

Defn: Mystical interpretations or studies, esp. of the Scriptures. L.
Addison.

ANAGOGY
An"a*go`gy, n.

Defn: Same as Anagoge.

ANAGRAM
An"a*gram, n. Etym: [F. anagramme, LL. anagramma, fr. Gr. Graphic.]

Defn: Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another by the transposition of its letters. Thus Galenus becomes angelus; William Noy (attorney-general to Charles I., and a laborious man) may be turned into I moyl in law.

ANAGRAM
An"a*gram, v. t.

Defn: To anagrammatize.
Some of these anagramed his name, Benlowes, into Benevolus.
Warburton.

ANAGRAMMATIC; ANAGRAMMATICAL An`a*gram*mat"ic, An`a*gram*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. anagramtique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or making, anagram.
 — An`a*gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANAGRAMMATISM
An`a*gram"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. anagrammatisme.]

Defn: The act or practice of making anagrams. Camden.

ANAGRAMMATIST
An`a*gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anagrammatiste.]

Defn: A maker anagrams.

ANAGRAMMATIZE
An`a*gram"ma*tize, v. t. Etym: [Gr. anagrammatiser.]

Defn: To transpose, as the letters of a word, so as to form an anagram. Cudworth.

ANAGRAPH
An"a*graph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An inventory; a record. [Obs.] Knowles.

ANAKIM; ANAKS
An"a*kim, A"naks, n. pl. Etym: [Heb.] (Bibl.)

Defn: A race of giants living in Palestine.

ANAL
A"nal, a. Etym: [From Anus.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated near, the anus; as, the anal fin or glands.

ANALCIME
A*nal"cime, n. Etym: [Gr. analcime.] (Min.)

Defn: A white or flesh-red mineral, of the zeolite, occurring in isometric crystals. By friction, it acquires a weak electricity; hence its name.

ANALCITE
A*nal"cite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Analcime.

ANALECTIC
An`a*lec"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to analects; made up of selections; as, an analectic magazine.

ANALECTS; ANALECTA
An"a*lects, An`a*lec"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A collection of literary fragments.

ANALEMMA An`a*lem"ma, n. Etym: [L. analemma a sun dial on a pedestal, showing the latitude and meridian of a place, Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: An orthographic projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west point of the horizon.

2. An instrument of wood or brass, on which this projection of the sphere is made, having a movable horizon or cursor; — formerly much used in solving some common astronomical problems.

3. A scale of the sun's declination for each day of the year, drawn across the torrid zone on an artificial terrestrial globe.

ANALEPSIS; ANALEPSY An"a*lep"sis, An"a*lep"sy, Etym: [Gr. Analemma.] (Med.) (a) Recovery of strength after sickness. (b) A species of epileptic attack, originating from gastric disorder.

ANALEPTIC
An"a*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. analeptique. See Analepsis.] (Med.)

Defn: Restorative; giving strength after disease.
 — n.

Defn: A restorative.

ANALGEN; ANALGENE
An*al"gen, An*al"gene, n. [Gr. painless.]

Defn: A crystalline compound used as an antipyretic and analgesic, employed chiefly in rheumatism and neuralgia. It is a complex derivative of quinoline.

ANALGESIA
An`al*ge"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Absence of sensibility to pain. Quain.

ANALLAGMATIC
An`al*lag*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Math.)

Defn: Not changed in form by inversion. Anallagmatic curves, a class of curves of the fourth degree which have certain peculiar relations to circles; — sometimes called bicircular quartics. — Anallagmatic surfaces, a certain class of surfaces of the fourth degree.

ANALLANTOIC
An`al*lan*to"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Without, or not developing, an allantois.

ANALLANTOIDEA
An`al*lan*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. allantoidea.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Vertebrata in which no allantois is developed.
It includes amphibians, fishes, and lower forms.

ANALOGAL
A*nal"o*gal, a.

Defn: Analogous. [Obs.] Donne.

ANALOGIC
An`a*log"ic, a. Etym: [See Analogous.]

Defn: Of or belonging to analogy. Geo. Eliot.

ANALOGICAL
An`a*log"ic*al, a.

1. Founded on, or of the nature of, analogy; expressing or implying analogy. When a country which has sent out colonies is termed the mother country, the expression is analogical. J. S. Mill.

2. Having analogy; analogous. Sir M. Hale.

ANALOGICALLY
An`a*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an analogical sense; in accordance with analogy; by way of
similitude.
A prince is analogically styled a pilot, being to the state as a
pilot is to the vessel. Berkeley.

ANALOGICALNESS
An`a*log"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being analogical.

ANALOGISM
A*nal"o*gism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. Logic

Defn: an argument from the cause to the effect; an a priori argument.
Johnson.

2. Investigation of things by the analogy they bear to each other. Crabb.

ANALOGIST
A*nal"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who reasons from analogy, or represent, by analogy. Cheyne.

ANALOGIZE
A*nal"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To employ, or reason by, analogy.

ANALOGON
A*nal"o*gon, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Analogue.

ANALOGOUS
A*nal"o*gous, a. Etym: [L. analogous, Gr. Logic.]

Defn: Having analogy; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or proportion; — often followed by to. Analogous tendencies in arts and manners. De Quincey. Decay of public spirit, which may be considered analogous to natural death. J. H. Newman. nalogous pole (Pyroelect.), that pole of a crystal which becomes positively electrified when heated.

Syn.
 — Correspondent; similar; like.
 — A*nal"o gous*ly, adv.
 — A*nal"o*gous*ness, n.

ANALOGUE
An"a*logue, n. Etym: [F.

1. That which is analogous to, or corresponds with, some other thing. The vexatious tyranny of the individual despot meets its analogue in the insolent tyranny of the many. I. Taylor.

2. (Philol.)

Defn: A word in one language corresponding with one in another; an analogous term; as, the Latin "pater" is the analogue of the English "father."

3. (Nat. Hist.) (a) An organ which is equivalent in its functions to a different organ in another species or group, or even in the same group; as, the gill of a fish is the analogue of a lung in a quadruped, although the two are not of like structural relations. (b) A species in one genus or group having its characters parallel, one by one, with those of another group. (c) A species or genus in one country closely related to a species of the same genus, or a genus of the same group, in another: such species are often called representative species, and such genera, representative genera. Dana.

ANALOGY
A*nal"o*gy, n.; pl. Analogies. Etym: [L. analogia, Gr. analogie. See
Analogous.]

1. A resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are otherwise entirely different. Thus, learning enlightens the mind, because it is to the mind what light is to the eye, enabling it to discover things before hidden.

Note: Followed by between, to, or with; as, there is an analogy between these objects, or one thing has an analogy to or with another.

Note: Analogy is very commonly used to denote similarity or essential resemblance; but its specific meaning is a similarity of relations, and in this consists the difference between the argument from example and that from analogy. In the former, we argue from the mere similarity of two things; in the latter, from the similarity of their relations. Karslake.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A relation or correspondence in function, between organs or parts which are decidedly different.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: Proportion; equality of ratios.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Conformity of words to the genius, structure, or general rules of a language; similarity of origin, inflection, or principle of pronunciation, and the like, as opposed to pl. analogies. Johnson.

ANALYSE; ANALYSER
An"a*lyse, v., An"a*ly`ser, n., etc.

Defn: Same as Analyze, Analyzer, etc.

ANALYSIS
A*nal"y*sis, n.; pl. Analyses. Etym: [Gr. Loose.]

1. A resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses or of the intellect, into its constituent or original elements; an examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately, as the words which compose a sentence, the tones of a tune, or the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is opposed to synthesis.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The separation of a compound substance, by chemical processes, into its constituents, with a view to ascertain either (a) what elements it contains, or (b) how much of each element is present. The former is called qualitative, and the latter quantitative analysis.

3. (Logic)

Defn: The tracing of things to their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original principles.

4. (Math.)

Defn: The resolving of problems by reducing the conditions that are in them to equations.

5. (a) A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a discourse, disposed in their natural order. (b) A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a science. In this sense it is nearly synonymous with synopsis.

6. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: The process of ascertaining the name of a species, or its place in a system of classification, by means of an analytical table or key. Ultimate, Proximate, Qualitative, Quantitative, and Volumetric analysis. (Chem.) See under Ultimate, Proximate, Qualitative, etc.

ANALYST
An"a*lyst, n. Etym: [F. analyste. See Analysis.]

Defn: One who analyzes; formerly, one skilled in algebraical geometry; now commonly, one skilled in chemical analysis.

ANALYTIC; ANALYTICAL
An`a*lyt"ic, An`a*lyt"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. analytique. See Analysis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or constituent parts; as, an analytical experiment; analytic reasoning; — opposed to synthetic. Analytical or coördinate geometry. See under Geometry. — Analytic language, a noninflectional language or one not characterized by grammatical endings. — Analytical table (Nat. Hist.), a table in which the characteristics of the species or other groups are arranged so as to facilitate the determination of their names.

ANALYTICALLY
An`a*lyt"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an analytical manner.

ANALYTICS
An`a*lyt"ics, n.

Defn: The science of analysis.

ANALYZABLE
An"a*ly`za*ble, a.

Defn: That may be analyzed.

ANALYZATION
An`a*ly*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of analyzing, or separating into constituent parts; analysis.

ANALYZE
An"a*lyze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Analyzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Analyzing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. analyser. See Analysis.]

Defn: To subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose of an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance; to analyze a sentence or a word; to analyze an action to ascertain its morality. No one, I presume, can analyze the sensations of pleasure or pain. Darwin.

ANALYZER
An"a*ly`zer, n.

1. One who, or that which, analyzes.

2. (Opt.)

Defn: The part of a polariscope which receives the light after polarization, and exhibits its properties.

ANAMESE
An`a*mese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Anam, to southeastern Asia.
 — n.

Defn: A native of Anam.

ANAMNESIS
An`am*ne"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A recalling to mind; recollection.

ANAMNESTIC
An`am*nes"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Aiding the memory; as, anamnestic remedies.

ANAMNIOTIC
An*am`ni*ot"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Without, or not developing, an amnion.

ANAMORPHISM
An`a*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A distorted image.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A gradual progression from one type to another, generally ascending. Huxley.

ANAMORPHOSCOPE
An`a*mor"pho*scope, n. [Anamorphosis + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for restoring a picture or image distorted by anamorphosis to its normal proportions. It usually consists of a cylindrical mirror.

ANAMORPHOSIS
An`a*mor"pho*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Persp.)

Defn: A distorted or monstrous projection or representation of an image on a plane or curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain point, or as reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron, appears regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Anamorphism, 2.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A morbid or monstrous development, or change of form, or degeneration.

ANAMORPHOSY
An`a*mor"pho*sy, n.

Defn: Same as Anamorphosis.

ANAN
A*nan", interj. Etym: [See Anon.]

Defn: An expression equivalent to What did you say Sir Eh [Obs.]
Shak.

ANANAS
A*na"nas, n. Etym: [Sp. ananas, from the native American name.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The pineapple (Ananassa sativa).

ANANDROUS
An*an"drous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of stamen

ANANGULAR
An*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Gr. angular.]

Defn: Containing no angle. [R.]

ANANTHEROUS
An*an"ther*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. anther.] (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of anthers. Gray.

ANANTHOUS
An*an"thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of flowers; flowerless.

ANAPAEST; ANAPAESTIC
An`a*pæst, An`a*pæs"tic.

Defn: Same as Anapest, Anapestic.

ANAPEST An"a*pest, n. Etym: [L. anapaestus, Gr. i.e., a dactyl reserved, or, as it were, struck back; fr.

1. (Pros.)

Defn: A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two short, or unaccented, the last long, or accented; the reverse of the dactyl. In Latin d, and in English in-ter-vene, are examples of anapests.

2. A verse composed of such feet.

ANAPESTIC
An`a*pes"tic, a. Etym: [L. anapaesticus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to an anapest; consisting of an anapests; as, an anapestic meter, foot, verse. — n.

Defn: Anapestic measure or verse.

ANAPESTICAL
An`a*pes"tic*al, a.

Defn: Anapestic.

ANAPHORA
A*naph"o*ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A repetition of a word or of words at the beginning of two or more successive clauses.

ANAPHRODISIA
An*aph`ro*dis"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Absence of sexual appetite.

ANAPHRODISIAC
An*aph`ro*dis"i*ac, a. & n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antaphrodisiac. Dunglison.

ANAPHRODITIC
An*aph`ro*dit"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Produced without concourse of sexes.

ANAPLASTIC
An`a*plas"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anaplasty.

ANAPLASTY
An`a*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. anaplastie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The art of operation of restoring lost parts or the normal shape by the use of healthy tissue.

ANAPLEROTIC
An`a*ple*rot"ic, a. Etym: [L. anapleroticus, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Filling up; promoting granulation of wounds or ulcers.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy which promotes such granulation.

ANAPNOGRAPH
A*nap"no*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: A form of spirometer.

ANAPNOIC
An`ap*no"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to respiration.

ANAPODEICTIC
An*ap`o*deic"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Apodeictic.]

Defn: Not apodeictic; undemonstrable. [R.]

ANAPOPHYSIS
An`a*poph"y*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An accessory process in many lumbar vertebræ.

ANAPTOTIC
An`ap*tot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having lost, or tending to lose, inflections by phonetic decay; as, anaptotic languages.

ANAPTYCHUS
An*ap"ty*chus, n.; pl. Anaptichi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of a pair of shelly plates found in some cephalopods, as the ammonites.

ANARCH
An"arch, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The author of anarchy; one who excites revolt. Milton.
Imperial anarchs doubling human woes. Byron.

ANARCHAL
A*nar"chal, a.

Defn: Lawless; anarchical. [R.] We are in the habit of calling those bodies of men anarchal which are in a state of effervescence. Landor.

ANARCHIC; ANARCHICAL
A*nar"chic, A*nar"chic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. anarchique.]

Defn: Pertaining to anarchy; without rule or government; in political confusion; tending to produce anarchy; as, anarchic despotism; anarchical opinions.

ANARCHISM
An"arch*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anarchisme.]

Defn: The doctrine or practice of anarchists.

ANARCHIST
An"arch*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anarchiste.]

Defn: An anarch; one who advocates anarchy of aims at the overthrow of civil government.

ANARCHIZE
An"arch*ize, v. t.

Defn: To reduce to anarchy.

ANARCHY
An"arch*y, n. Etym: [Gr. anarchie. See Anarch.]

1. Absence of government; the state of society where there is no law or supreme power; a state of lawlessness; political confusion. Spread anarchy and terror all around. Cowper.

2. Hence, confusion or disorder, in general. There being then . . . an anarchy, as I may term it, in authors and their reFuller.

ANARTHROPODA
An`ar*throp"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda. See Anarthrous.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the divisions of Articulata in which there are no jointed legs, as the annelids; — opposed to Arthropoda.

ANARTHROPODOUS
An`ar*throp"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having no jointed legs; pertaining to Anarthropoda.

ANARTHROUS
An*ar"throus, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: Used without the article; as, an anarthrous substantive.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without joints, or having the joints indistinct, as some insects.

ANAS
A"nas, n. Etym: [L., duck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of water fowls, of the order Anseres, including certain species of fresh-water ducks.

ANASARCA
An`a*sar"ca, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue; an effusion of serum into the cellular substance, occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.

ANASARCOUS
An`a*sar"cous, a.

Defn: Belonging, or affected by, anasarca, or dropsy; dropsical.
Wiseman.

ANASEISMIC
An`a*seis"mic, a. [Cf. Gr. a shaking up and down.]

Defn: Moving up and down; — said of earthquake shocks.

ANASTALTIC
An`a*stal"tic, a. & n. Etym: [Gr. fitted for checking, fr. (Med.)

Defn: Styptic. [Obs.] Coxe.

ANASTATE
An"a*state, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: One of a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of protoplasm; — opposed to katastate. Foster.

ANASTATIC
An`a*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a process or a style of printing from characters in relief on zinc plates.

Note: In this process the letterpress, engraving, or design of any kind is transferred to a zinc plate; the parts not covered with ink are eaten out, leaving a facsimile in relief to be printed from.

ANASTIGMATIC
An*as`tig*mat"ic, a. [Pref. an-not + astigmatic.] (Optics)

Defn: Not astigmatic; —said esp. of a lens system which consists of a converging lens and a diverging lens of equal and opposite astigmatism but different focal lengths, and sensibly free from astigmatism.

ANASTOMOSE
A*nas"to*mose, v. i. [imp. p. p. Anastomozed; p. pr. Anastomosing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. anastomoser, fr. anastomose. See Anastomosis.] (Anat. &
Bot.)

Defn: To inosculate; to intercommunicate by anastomosis, as the
arteries and veins.
The ribbing of the leaf, and the anastomosing network of its vessels.
I. Taylor.

ANASTOMOSIS A*nas`to*mo"sis, n.; pl. Anastomoses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. anastomose.] (Anat. & Bot.)

Defn: The inosculation of vessels, or intercommunication between two or more vessels or nerves, as the cross communication between arteries or veins.

ANASTOMOTIC
A*nas`to*mot"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anastomosis.

ANASTROPHE
A*nas"tro*phe, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet. & Gram.)

Defn: An inversion of the natural order of words; as, echoed the hills, for, the hills echoed.

ANATHEMA
A*nath"e*ma, n.; pl. Anathemas. Etym: [L. anath, fr. Gr. anath, fr.
Gr. Thesis.]

1. A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as accursed. [They] denounce anathemas against unbelievers. Priestley.

2. An imprecation; a curse; a malediction. Finally she fled to London followed by the anathemas of both [families]. Thackeray.

3. Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by ecclesiastical authority. The Jewish nation were an anathema destined to destruction. St. Paul . . . says he could wish, to save them from it, to become an anathema, and be destroyed himself. Locke. Anathema Maranatha Etym: (see 1 Cor. xvi. 22), an expression commonly considered as a highly intensified form of anathema. Maran atha is now considered as a separate sentence, meaning, "Our Lord cometh."

ANATHEMATIC; ANATHEMATICAL
A*nath`e*mat"ic, A*nath`e*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an anathema.
 — A*nath`e*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANATHEMATISM
A*nath"e*ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. anathématisme.]

Defn: Anathematization. [Obs.] We find a law of Justinian forbidding anathematisms to be pronounced against the Jewish Hellenists. J. Taylor.

ANATHEMATIZATION
A*nath`e*ma*ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [LL. anathematisatio.]

Defn: The act of anathematizing, or denouncing as accursed; imprecation. Barrow.

ANATHEMATIZE
A*nath"e*ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anathematized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anathematizing.] Etym: [L. anathematizare, Gr. anathématiser.]

Defn: To pronounce an anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn publicly as something accursed. Milton.

ANATHEMATIZER
A*nath"e*ma*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who pronounces an anathema. Hammond.

ANATIFA
A*nat"i*fa, n.; pl. Anatifæ. Etym: [NL., contr. fr. anatifera. See
Anatiferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of the barnacle tribe, of the genus Lepas, having a fleshy stem or peduncle; a goose barnacle. See Cirripedia.

Note: The term Anatifæ, in the plural, is often used for the whole group of pedunculated cirripeds.

ANATIFER
A*nat"i*fer,, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Anatifa.

ANATIFEROUS
An`a*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. anas, anatis, a duck + -ferous.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing ducks; — applied to Anatifæ, under the absurd notion of their turning into ducks or geese. See Barnacle.

ANATINE
An"a*tine, a. Etym: [L. anatinus, fr. anas, anatis, a duck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ducks; ducklike.

ANATOCISM
A*nat"o*cism, n. Etym: [L. anatocismus, Gr. (Law)

Defn: Compound interest. [R.] Bouvier.

ANATOMIC; ANATOMICAL
An`a*tom"ic, An`a*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. anatomicus, Gr. anatomique.
See Anatomy.]

Defn: Of or relating to anatomy or dissection; as, the anatomic art; anatomical observations. Hume.

ANATOMICALLY
An`a*tom"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anatomical manner; by means of dissection.

ANATOMISM
A*nat"o*mism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anatomisme.]

1. The application of the principles of anatomy, as in art. The stretched and vivid anatomism of their [i. e., the French] great figure painters. The London Spectator.

2. The doctrine that the anatomical structure explains all the phenomena of the organism or of animal life.

ANATOMIST
A*nat"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anatomiste.]

Defn: One who is skilled in the art of anatomy, or dissection.

ANATOMIZATION
A*nat`o*mi*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of anatomizing.

ANATOMIZE
A*nat"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anatomized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anatomizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. anatomiser.]

1. To dissect; to cut in pieces, as an animal vegetable body, for the purpose of displaying or examining the structure and use of the several parts.

2. To discriminate minutely or carefully; to analyze. If we anatomize all other reasonings of this nature, we shall find that they are founded on the relation of cause and effect. Hume.

ANATOMIZER
A*nat"o*mi`zer, n.

Defn: A dissector.

ANATOMY
A*nat"o*my, n.; pl. Anatomies. Etym: [F. anatomie, L. anatomia, Gr.

1. The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy; dissection.

2. The science which treats of the structure of organic bodies; anatomical structure or organization. Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according to the knowledge of them which is given us by anatomy. Dryden.

Note: "Animal anatomy" is sometimes called zomy; "vegetable anatomy," phytotomy; "human anatomy," anthropotomy. Comparative anatomy compares the structure of different kinds and classes of animals.

3. A treatise or book on anatomy.

4. The act of dividing anything, corporeal or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; analysis; as, the anatomy of a discourse.

5. A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or which has the appearance of being so. The anatomy of a little child, representing all parts thereof, is accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of a man in full stature. Fuller. They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain, A mere anatomy. Shak.

ANATREPTIC
An`a*trep"tic, a. Etym: [overturning, fr.

Defn: Overthrowing; defeating; — applied to Plato's refutative dialogues. Enfield.

ANATRON An"a*tron, n. Etym: [F. anatron, natron, Sp. anatron, natron, fr. Ar. al-natr. See Natron, Niter.] [Obs.]

1. Native carbonate of soda; natron.

2. Glass gall or sandiver.

3. Saltpeter. Coxe. Johnson.

ANATROPAL; ANATROPOUS
A*nat"ro*pal, A*nat"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the ovule inverted at an early period in its development, so that the chalaza is as the apparent apex; — opposed to orthotropous. Gray.

ANATTO
A*nat"to, n.

Defn: Same as Annotto.

ANBURY; AMBURY An"bur*y, Am"bur*y, n. Etym: [AS. ampre, ompre, a crooked swelling vein: cf. Prov. E. amper a tumor with inflammation. Cf. the first syllable in agnail, and berry a fruit.]

1. (Far.)

Defn: A soft tumor or bloody wart on horses or oxen.

2. A disease of the roots of turnips, etc.; — called also fingers and toes.

ANCE *ance. Etym: [F. -ance, fr. L. -antia and also fr. -entia.]

Defn: A suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; as, assistance, resistance, appearance, elegance. See -ancy.

Note: All recently adopted words of this class take either -ance or - ence, according to the Latin spelling.

-ANCE -ance. [F. -ance, fr. L. -antia and also fr. -entia.]

Defn: A suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; as, assistance, resistance, appearance, elegance. See -ancy.

 All recently adopted words of this class take either -ance or -ence,
according to the Latin spelling.

ANCESTOR An"ces*tor, n. Etym: [OE. ancestre, auncestre, also ancessour; the first forms fr. OF. ancestre, F. ancêtre, fr. the L. nom. antessor one who goes before; the last form fr. OF. ancessor, fr. L. acc. antecessorem, fr. antecedere to go before; ante before + cedere to go. See Cede, and cf. Antecessor.]

1. One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An earlier type; a progenitor; as, this fossil animal is regarded as the ancestor of the horse.

3. (Law)

Defn: One from whom an estate has descended; — the correlative of heir.

ANCESTORIAL
An`ces*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Ancestral. Grote.

ANCESTORIALLY
An`ces*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With regard to ancestors.

ANCESTRAL
An*ces"tral, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or ancestors; as, an ancestral estate. "Ancestral trees." Hemans.

ANCESTRESS
An"ces*tress, n.

Defn: A female ancestor.

ANCESTRY
An"ces*try, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. ancesserie. See Ancestor.]

1. Condition as to ancestors; ancestral lineage; hence, birth or honorable descent. Title and ancestry render a good man more illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible. Addison.

2. A series of ancestors or progenitors; lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent.

ANCHOR An"chor, n. Etym: [OE. anker, AS. ancor, oncer, L. ancora, sometimes spelt anchora, fr. Gr. angle: cf. F. ancre. See Angle, n.]

1. A iron instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable (rope or chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays hold of the earth by a fluke or hook and thus retains the ship in a particular station.

Note: The common anchor consists of a straight bar called a shank, having at one end a transverse bar called a stock, above which is a ring for the cable, and at the other end the crown, from which branch out two or more arms with flukes, forming with the shank a suitable angle to enter the ground.

Note: Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the sheet anchor (hence, Fig., best hope or last refuge), called also waist anchor. Now the bower and the sheet anchor are usually alike. Then came the best bower and the small bower (so called from being carried on the bows). The stream anchor is one fourth the weight of the bower anchor. Kedges or kedge anchors are light anchors used in warping.

2. Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose like that of a ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable, or other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to hold the core of a mold in place.

3. Fig.: That which gives stability or security; that on which we place dependence for safety. Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul. Heb. vi. 19.

4. (Her.)

Defn: An emblem of hope.

5. (Arch.) (a) A metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building together. (b) Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or arrowhead; — a part of the ornaments of certain moldings. It is seen in the echinus, or egg-and-anchor (called also egg-and-dart, egg-and-tongue) ornament.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the anchor-shaped spicules of certain sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules of certain Holothurians, as in species of Synapta. Anchor ice. See under Ice. — Anchor ring. (Math.) Same as Annulus, 2 (b). — Anchor stock (Naut.), the crossbar at the top of the shank at right angles to the arms. — The anchor comes home, when it drags over the bottom as the ship drifts. — Foul anchor, the anchor when it hooks, or is entangled with, another anchor, or with a cable or wreck, or when the slack cable entangled. — The anchor is acockbill, when it is suspended perpendicularly from the cathead, ready to be let go. — The anchor is apeak, when the cable is drawn in do tight as to bring to ship directly over it. — The anchor is atrip, or aweigh, when it is lifted out of the ground. — The anchor is awash, when it is hove up to the surface of the water. — At anchor, anchored. — To back an anchor, to increase the holding power by laying down a small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming home. — To cast anchor, to drop or let go an anchor to keep a ship at rest. — To cat the anchor, to hoist the anchor to the cathead and pass the ring-stopper. — To fish the anchor, to hoist the flukes to their resting place (called the bill-boards), and pass the shank painter. — To weigh anchor, to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail away.

ANCHOR
An"chor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anchored; p. pr. & vb. n. Anchoring.]
Etym: [Cf. F. ancrer.]

1. To place at anchor; to secure by an anchor; as, to anchor a ship.

2. To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition; as, to anchor the cables of a suspension bridge. Till that my nails were anchored in thine eyes. Shak.

ANCHOR
An"chor, v. i.

1. To cast anchor; to come to anchor; as, our ship (or the captain) anchored in the stream.

2. To stop; to fix or rest. My invention . . . anchors on Isabel. Shak.

ANCHOR
An"chor, n. Etym: [OE. anker, ancre, AS. ancra, fr. L. anachoreta.
See Anchoret.]

Defn: An anchoret. [Obs.] Shak.

ANCHORABLE
An"chor*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fit for anchorage.

ANCHORAGE
An"chor*age, n.

1. The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.

2. A place suitable for anchoring or where ships anchor; a hold for an anchor.

3. The set of anchors belonging to a ship.

4. Something which holds like an anchor; a hold; as, the anchorages of the Brooklyn Bridge.

5. Something on which one may depend for security; ground of trust.

6. A toll for anchoring; anchorage duties. Johnson.

ANCHORAGE
An"cho*rage, n.

Defn: Abode of an anchoret.

ANCHORATE
An"chor*ate, a.

Defn: Anchor-shaped.

ANCHORED
An"chored, a.

1. Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; as, an anchored bark; also, shaped like an anchor; forked; as, an anchored tongue.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having the extremities turned back, like the flukes of an anchor; as, an anchored cross. [Sometimes spelt ancred.]

ANCHOR ESCAPEMENT
An"chor es*cape"ment. (Horol.)
 (a) The common recoil escapement.
 (b) A variety of the lever escapement with a wide impulse pin.

ANCHORESS
An"cho*ress, n.

Defn: A female anchoret.
And there, a saintly anchoress, she dwelt. Wordsworth.

ANCHORET; ANCHORITE
An"cho*ret, An"cho*rite, n. Etym: [F. anachorète, L. anachoreta, fr.
Gr. ha to leave. Cf. Anchor a hermit.]

Defn: One who renounces the world and secludes himself, usually for religious reasons; a hermit; a recluse. [Written by some authors anachoret.] Our Savior himself . . . did not choose an anchorite's or a monastic life, but a social and affable way of conversing with mortals. Boyle.

ANCHORETIC; ANCHORETICAL
An`cho*ret"ic, An`cho*ret"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to an anchoret or hermit; after the manner of an anchoret.

ANCHORETISH
An"cho*ret`ish, a.

Defn: Hermitlike.

ANCHORETISM
An"cho*ret*ism, n.

Defn: The practice or mode of life of an anchoret.

ANCHOR-HOLD
An"chor-hold`, n.

1. The hold or grip of an anchor, or that to which it holds.

2. Hence: Firm hold: security.

ANCHORITE
An"cho*rite, n.

Defn: Same as Anchoret.

ANCHORITESS
An"cho*ri`tess, n.

Defn: An anchoress. [R.]

ANCHORLESS
An"chor*less, a.

Defn: Without an anchor or stay. Hence: Drifting; unsettled.

ANCHOR LIGHT
Anchor light. (Naut.)

Defn: The lantern shown at night by a vessel at anchor. International rules of the road require vessels at anchor to carry from sunset to sunrise a single white light forward if under 150 feet in length, and if longer, two such lights, one near the stern and one forward.

ANCHOR SHOT
Anchor shot. (Billiards)

Defn: A shot made with the object balls in an anchor space.

ANCHOR SPACE
Anchor space. (Billiards)

Defn: In the balk-line game, any of eight spaces, 7 inches by 3½, lying along a cushion and bisected transversely by a balk line. Object balls in an anchor space are treated as in balk.

ANCHOR WATCH
Anchor watch. (Naut.)

Defn: A detail of one or more men who keep watch on deck at night when a vessel is at anchor.

ANCHOVY
An*cho"vy, n. Etym: [Sp. anchoa, anchova, or Pg. anchova, prob. of
Iberian origin, and lit. a dried or pickled fish, fr. Bisc. antzua
dry: cf. D. anchovis, F. anchois.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fish, about three inches in length, of the Herring family (Engraulis encrasicholus), caught in vast numbers in the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. The name is also applied to several allied species.

ANCHOVY PEAR
An*cho"vy pear`. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled; also, the tree (Grias cauliflora) bearing this fruit.

ANCHUSIN
An"chu*sin, n. Etym: [L. anchusa the plant alkanet, Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A resinoid coloring matter obtained from alkanet root.

ANCHYLOSE
An"chy*lose, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Anchylosed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anchylosing.] Etym: [Cf. F. ankyloser.]

Defn: To affect or be affected with anchylosis; to unite or consolidate so as to make a stiff joint; to grow together into one. [Spelt also ankylose.] Owen.

ANCHYLOSIS; ANKYLOSIS
An`chy*lo"sis, An`ky*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ankylose.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff joint.
Dunglison.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The union of two or more separate bones to from a single bone; the close union of bones or other structures in various animals.

ANCHYLOTIC
An`chy*lot"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anchylosis.

ANCIENT An"cient, a. Etym: [OE. auncien, F. ancien, LL. antianus, fr. L. ante before. See Ante-, pref.]

1. Old; that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; — opposed to modern; as, ancient authors, literature, history; ancient days. Witness those ancient empires of the earth. Milton. Gildas Albanius . . . much ancienter than his namesake surnamed the Wise. Fuller.

2. Old; that has been of long duration; of long standing; of great age; as, an ancient forest; an ancient castle. "Our ancient bickerings." Shak. Remove not the ancient landmarks, which thy fathers have set. Prov. xxii. 28. An ancient man, strangely habited, asked for quarters. Scott.

3. Known for a long time, or from early times; — opposed to recent or new; as, the ancient continent. A friend, perhaps, or an ancient acquaintance. Barrow.

4. Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial; venerable. [Archaic] He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he seem very grave and ancient. Holland.

5. Experienced; versed. [Obs.] Though [he] was the youngest brother, yet he was the most ancient in the business of the realm. Berners.

6. Former; sometime. [Obs.] They mourned their ancient leader lost. Pope. Ancient demesne (Eng. Law), a tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names, etc., of these were all entered in a book called Domesday Book. — Ancient lights (Law), windows and other openings which have been enjoined without molestation for more than twenty years. In England, and in some of the United States, they acquire a prescriptive right.

Syn. — Old; primitive; pristine; antique; antiquated; old-fashioned; obsolete. — Ancient, Antiquated, Obsolete, Antique, Antic, Old. — Ancient is opposed to modern, and has antiquity; as, an ancient family, ancient landmarks, ancient institutions, systems of thought, etc. Antiquated describes that which has gone out of use or fashion; as, antiquated furniture, antiquated laws, rules, etc. Obsolete is commonly used, instead of antiquated, in reference to language, customs, etc.; as, an obsolete word or phrase, an obsolete expression. Antique is applied, in present usage, either to that which has come down from the ancients; as, an antique cameo, bust, etc. ; or to that which is made to imitate some ancient work of art; as, an antique temple. In the days of Shakespeare, antique was often used for ancient; as, "an antique song," "an antique Roman;" and hence, from singularity often attached to what is ancient, it was used in the sense of grotesque; as, "an oak whose antique root peeps out; " and hence came our present word antic, denoting grotesque or ridiculous. We usually apply both ancient and old to things subject to gradual decay. We say, an old man, an ancient record; but never, the old stars, an old river or mountain. In general, however, ancient is opposed to modern, and old to new, fresh, or recent. When we speak of a thing that existed formerly, which has ceased to exist, we commonly use ancient; as, ancient republics, ancient heroes; and not old republics, old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed in former times is still in existence, we use either ancient or old; as, ancient statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings; ancient authors, or old authors, meaning books.

ANCIENT
An"cient, n.

1. pl.

Defn: Those who lived in former ages, as opposed to the moderns.

2. An aged man; a patriarch. Hence: A governor; a ruler; a person of influence. The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients of his people, and the princes thereof. Isa. iii. 14.

3. A senior; an elder; a predecessor. [Obs.] Junius and Andronicus . . . in Christianity . . . were his ancients. Hooker.

4. pl. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One of the senior members of the Inns of Court or of Chancery. Council of Ancients (French Hist.), one of the two assemblies composing the legislative bodies in 1795. Brande.

ANCIENT
An"cient, n. Etym: [Corrupted from ensign.]

1. An ensign or flag. [Obs.] More dishonorable ragged than an old-faced ancient. Shak.

2. The bearer of a flag; an ensign. [Obs.] This is Othello's ancient, as I take it. Shak.

ANCIENTLY
An"cient*ly, adv.

1. In ancient times.

2. In an ancient manner. [R.]

ANCIENTNESS
An"cient*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times.

ANCIENTRY
An"cient*ry, n.

1. Antiquity; what is ancient. They contain not word of ancientry. West.

2. Old age; also, old people. [R.] Wronging the ancientry. Shak.

3. Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of birth. A gentleman of more ancientry than estate. Fuller.

ANCIENTY
An"cient*y, n. Etym: [F. ancienneté, fr. ancien. See Ancient.]

1. Age; antiquity. [Obs.] Martin.

2. Seniority. [Obs.]

ANCILE
An*ci"le, n. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The sacred shield of the Romans, said to have-fallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. It was the palladium of Rome.

ANCILLARY
An"cil*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. ancillaris, fr. ancilla a female servant.]

Defn: Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid; auxiliary. The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered as inferior, and even ancillary, to the greater province. Hallam.

ANCILLARY ADMINISTRATION
An"cil*la*ry ad*min`is*tra"tion. (Law)

Defn: An administration subordinate to, and in aid of, the primary or principal administration of an estate.

ANCILLE
An*cille", n. Etym: [OF. ancelle, L. ancilla.]

Defn: A maidservant; a handmaid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANCIPITAL; ANCIPITOUS An*cip"i*tal, An*cip"i*tous, a. Etym: [L. anceps, ancipitis, two- headed, double; an- for amb- on both sides + caput head.] (Bot.)

Defn: Two-edged instead of round; — said of certain flattened stems, as those of blue grass, and rarely also of leaves.

ANCISTROID
An*cis"troid, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Hook-shaped.

ANCLE
An"cle, n.

Defn: See Ankle.

ANCOME
An"come, n. Etym: [AS. ancuman, oncuman, to come.]

Defn: A small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly; also, a whitlow.
[Obs.] Boucher.

ANCON
An"con, n.; L. pl. Ancones. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The olecranon, or the elbow. Ancon sheep (Zoöl.), a breed of sheep with short crooked legs and long back. It originated in Massachusetts in 1791; — called also the otter breed.

ANCON; ANCONE An"con, An"cone, n. Etym: [See Ancon, above.] (Arch.) (a) The corner or quoin of a wall, cross-beam, or rafter. [Obs.] Gwilt. (b) A bracket supporting a cornice; a console.

ANCONAL; ANCONEAL
An"co*nal, An*co"ne*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancon or elbow. "The olecranon on anconeal process." Flower.

ANCONEUS
An*co"ne*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ancon elbow.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle of the elbow and forearm.

ANCONOID
An"co*noid, a.

Defn: Elbowlike; anconal.

ANCONY
An"co*ny, n. Etym: [Origin unknown.] (Iron Work)

Defn: A piece of malleable iron, wrought into the shape of a bar in the middle, but unwrought at the ends.

-ANCY -an*cy. Etym: [L. -antia.-]

Defn: A suffix expressing more strongly than -ance the idea of quality or state; as, constancy, buoyancy, infancy.

AND And, conj. Etym: [AS. and; akin to OS. endi, Icel. enda, OHG. anti, enti, inti, unti, G. und, D. en, OD. ende. Cf, An if, Ante-.]

1. A particle which expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence with a sentence.

Note: (a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, "there are women and women," that is, two very different sorts of women. (b) By a rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory of the other, are connected by and; as, "the tediousness and process of my travel," that is, the tedious process, etc.; "thy fair and outward character," that is, thy outwardly fair character, Schmidt's Shak. Lex.

2. In order to; — used instead of the infinitival to, especially after try, come, go. At least to try and teach the erring soul. Milton.

3. It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere expletive. When that I was and a little tiny boy. Shak.

4. If; though. See An, conj. [Obs.] Chaucer. As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs. Bacon. And so forth, and others; and the rest; and similar things; and other things or ingredients. The abbreviation, etc. (et cetera), or &c., is usually read and so forth.

ANDABATISM An"da*ba*tism, n. Etym: [L. andabata a kind of Roman gladiator, who fought hoodwinked.]

Defn: Doubt; uncertainty. [Obs.] Shelford.

ANDALUSITE
An`da*lu"site, n. (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually in thick rhombic prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale reddish tint. It was first discovered in Andalusia, Spain.

ANDANTE
An*dan"te, a. Etym: [It. andante, p. pr. of andare to go.] (Mus.)

Defn: Moving moderately slow, but distinct and flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than allegretto. — n.

Defn: A movement or piece in andante time.

ANDANTINO
An`dan*ti"no, a. Etym: [It., dim. of andante.] (Mus.)

Defn: Rather quicker than andante; between that allegretto.

Note: Some, taking andante in its original sense of "going," and andantino as its diminutive, or "less going," define the latter as slower than andante.

ANDARAC
An"da*rac, n. Etym: [A corruption of sandarac.]

Defn: Red orpiment. Coxe.

ANDEAN
An*de"an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Andes.

ANDESINE
An"des*ine, n. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of triclinic feldspar found in the Andes.

ANDESITE
An"des*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: An eruptive rock allied to trachyte, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar, with pyroxene, hornblende, or hypersthene.

ANDINE
An"dine, a.

Defn: Andean; as, Andine flora.

ANDIRON And"i`ron, n. Etym: [OE. anderne, aunderne, aundyre, OF. andier, F. landier, fr. LL. andena, andela, anderia, of unknown origin. The Eng. was prob. confused with brand-iron, AS. brand-isen.]

Defn: A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side; a firedog; as, a pair of andirons.

ANDRANATOMY
An`dra*nat"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. andranatomie. See Anatomy, Androtomy.]

Defn: The dissection of a human body, especially of a male; androtomy. Coxe.

ANDROCEPHALOUS
An`dro*ceph"a*lous, a. [Gr. , , man + head.]

Defn: Having a human head (upon an animal's body), as the Egyptian sphinx.

ANDRODIOECIOUS; ANDRODIECIOUS
An`dro*di*o"cious, An`dro*di*e"cious, a. [Gr. , , man + E. diocious.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having perfect and staminate flowers on different plants. —
An`dro*di*o"cism, -di*e"cism (#), n.

ANDROECIUM
An*droe"ci*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (bot.)

Defn: The stamens of a flower taken collectively.

ANDROGYNE
An"dro*gyne, n.

1. An hermaphrodite.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An androgynous plant. Whewell.

ANDROGYNOUS; ANDROGYNAL An*drog"y*nous, An*drog"y*nal, a. Etym: [L. androgynus, Gr. androgyne.]

1. Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of both; being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic. Owen. The truth is, a great mind must be androgynous. Coleridge.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing both staminiferous and pistilliferous flowers in the same cluster.

ANDROGYNY; ANDROGYNISM
An*drog"y*ny, An*drog"y*nism, n.

Defn: Union of both sexes in one individual; hermaphroditism.

ANDROID
An"droid, a.

Defn: Resembling a man.

ANDROID; ANDROIDES
An"droid, An*droi"des, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A machine or automaton in the form of a human being.

ANDROMEDA
An*drom"e*da, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation, supposed to represent the mythical
Andromeda.

2. (bot.)

Defn: A genus of ericaceous flowering plants of northern climates, of which the original species was found growing on a rock surrounded by water.

ANDROMEDE; ANDROMED
An"dro*mede, An"dro*med, n. (Astron.)

Defn: A meteor appearing to radiate from a point in the constellation
Andromeda, — whence the name.

A shower of these meteors takes place every year on November 27th or 28th. The Andromedes are also called Bielids, as they are connected with Biela's comet and move in its orbit.

ANDRON
An"dron, n. Etym: [L. andron, Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Arch.)

Defn: The apartment appropriated for the males. This was in the lower part of the house.

ANDROPETALOUS
An`dro*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Produced by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as double flowers, like the garden ranunculus. Brande.

ANDROPHAGI
An*droph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Cannibals; man-eaters; anthropophagi. [R.]

ANDROPHAGOUS
An*droph"a*gous, a.

Defn: Anthropophagous.

ANDROPHORE
An"dro*phore, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A support or column on which stamens are raised. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The part which in some Siphonophora bears the male gonophores.

ANDROPOGON An`dro*po"gon, n. [NL.; Gr. 'anh`r, 'andro`s, man + pw`gwn the beard.] (Bot.)

Defn: A very large and important genus of grasses, found in nearly all parts of the world. It includes the lemon grass of Ceylon and the beard grass, or broom sedge, of the United States. The principal subgenus is Sorghum, including A. sorghum and A. halepensis, from which have been derived the Chinese sugar cane, the Johnson grass, the Aleppo grass, the broom corn, and the durra, or Indian millet. Several East Indian species, as A. nardus and A. schonanthus, yield fragrant oils, used in perfumery.

ANDROSPHINX
An"dro*sphinx, n. Etym: [Gr. (Egypt. Art.)

Defn: A man sphinx; a sphinx having the head of a man and the body of a lion.

ANDROSPORE
An"dro*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A spore of some algæ, which has male functions.

ANDROTOMOUS
An*drot"o*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the filaments of the stamens divided into two parts.

ANDROTOMY
An*drot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Anatomy.]

Defn: Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from zoötomy; anthropotomy. [R.]

ANDROUS *an"drous. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A terminal combining form: Having a stamen or stamens; staminate; as, monandrous, with one stamen; polyandrous, with many stamens.

ANEAR
A*near", prep. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + near.]

Defn: Near. [R.] "It did not come anear." Coleridge.
The measure of misery anear us. I. Taylor.

ANEAR
A*near", v. t. & i.

Defn: To near; to approach. [Archaic]

ANEATH
A*neath", prep. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + neath for beneath.]

Defn: Beneath. [Scot.]

ANECDOTAGE
An"ec*do`tage, n.

Defn: Anecdotes collectively; a collection of anecdotes. All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it altogether, upon anecdotage, must be a tissue of lies. De Quincey.

ANECDOTAL
An"ec*do`tal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or abounding with, anecdotes; as, anecdotal conversation.

ANECDOTE
An"ec*dote, n. Etym: [F. anecdote, fr. Gr. Dose, n.]

1. pl.

Defn: Unpublished narratives. Burke.

2. A particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single passage of private life.

ANECDOTIC; ANECDOTICAL
An`ec*dot"ic, An`ec*dot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to, anecdotes.
"Anecdotical traditions." Bolingbroke.

ANECDOTIST
An"ec*do"tist, n.

Defn: One who relates or collects anecdotes.

ANELACE
An"e*lace, n.

Defn: Same as Anlace.

ANELE
A*nele", v. t. Etym: [OE. anelien; an on + AS. ele oil, L. oleum. See
Oil, Anoil.]

1. To anoint. Shipley.

2. To give extreme unction to. [Obs.] R. of Brunne.

ANELECTRIC
An`e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. electric.] (Physics)

Defn: Not becoming electrified by friction; — opposed to idioelectric. — n.

Defn: A substance incapable of being electrified by friction.
Faraday.

ANELECTRODE
An`e*lec"trode, n. Etym: [Gr. electrode.] (Elec.)

Defn: The positive pole of a voltaic battery.

ANELECTROTONUS
An`e*lec*trot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. electrotonus.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The condition of decreased irritability of a nerve in the region of the positive electrode or anode on the passage of a current of electricity through it. Foster.

ANEMOGRAM
A*nem"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.]

Defn: A record made by an anemograph.

ANEMOGRAPH
A*nem"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring and recording the direction and force of the wind. Knight.

ANEMOGRAPHIC
A*nem`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to anemography.

ANEMOGRAPHY
An`e*mog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

1. A description of the winds.

2. The art of recording the direction and force of the wind, as by means of an anemograph.

ANEMOLOGY
An`e*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of the wind.

ANEMOMETER
An`e*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the force or velocity of the wind; a wind gauge.

ANEMOMETRIC; ANEMOMETRICAL
An`e*mo*met"ric, An`e*mo*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anemometry.

ANEMOMETROGRAPH
An`e*mo*met"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Anemometer + -graph.]

Defn: An anemograph. Knight.

ANEMOMETRY
An`e*mom"e*try, n.

Defn: The act or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the wind.

ANEMONE
A*nem"o*ne, n. Etym: [L. anemone, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Ranunculus or Crowfoot family; windflower. Some of the species are cultivated in gardens.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sea anemone. See Actinia, and Sea anemone.

Note: This word is sometimes pronounced , especially by classical scholars.

ANEMONIC
An`e*mon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from, the anemone, or from anemonin.

ANEMONIN
A*nem"o*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable substance, obtained from some species of anemone.

ANEMONY
A*nem"o*ny, n.

Defn: See Anemone. Sandys.

ANEMORPHILOUS
An`e*morph"i*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Fertilized by the agency of the wind; — said of plants in which the pollen is carried to the stigma by the wind; wind- Fertilized. Lubbock.

ANEMOSCOPE
A*nem"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. anémoscope.]

Defn: An instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathercock; — usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind.

ANEMOSIS
An`e*mo"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. wind.]

Defn: A condition in the wood of some trees in which the rings are separated, as some suppose, by the action of high winds upon the trunk; wind shake.

ANENCEPHALIC; ANENCEPHALOUS
An*en`ce*phal"ic, An`en*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. Encephalon.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Without a brain; brainless. Todd & B.

ANENST; ANENT A*nenst", A*nent", prep. Etym: [OE. anent, anentis, anence, anens, anents, AS. onefen, onemn; an, on, on + efen even, equal; hence meaning, on an equality with, even with, beside. See Even, a.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

1. Over against; as, he lives anent the church.

2. About; concerning; in respect; as, he said nothing anent this particular.

ANENTEROUS
An*en"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a stomach or an intestine. Owen.

ANERGIA; ANERGY
An*er"gi*a, An"er*gy, n. [NL. anergia, fr. Gr. - not + work.]

Defn: Lack of energy; inactivity. — An*er"gic (#), a.

ANEROID
An"e*roid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. F. anéroïde.]

Defn: Containing no liquid; — said of kind of barometer. Aneroid barometer, a barometer the action of which depends on the varying pressure of the atmosphere upon the elastic top of a metallic box (shaped like a watch) from which the air has been exhausted. An index shows the variation of pressure.

ANEROID
An"e*roid, n.

Defn: An aneroid barometer.

ANES
Anes, adv.

Defn: Once. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

ANESTHESIA; ANESTHETIC
An`es*the"si*a, n., An`es*thet"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Anæsthesia, Anæsthetic.

ANET
An"et, n. Etym: [F. aneth, fr. L. anethum, Gr. Anise.]

Defn: The herb dill, or dillseed.

ANETHOL
An"e*thol, n. Etym: [L. anethum (see Anise) + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained from the volatile oils of anise, fennel, etc., in the form of soft shining scales; — called also anise camphor. Watts.

ANETIC
A*net"ic, a. Etym: [L. aneticus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Soothing.

ANEURISM
An"eu*rism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor, containing blood, arising from the preternatural dilation or rupture of the coats of an artery. [Written also aneurysm.]

ANEURISMAL
An`eu*ris"mal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an aneurism; as, an aneurismal tumor; aneurismal diathesis. [Written also aneurysmal.]

ANEW
A*new", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + new.]

Defn: Over again; another time; in a new form; afresh; as, to arm anew; to create anew. Dryden.

ANFRACTUOSE
An*frac"tu*ose`, a. Etym: [See Anfractuous.]

Defn: Anfractuous; as, anfractuose anthers.

ANFRACTUOSITY An*frac`tu*os"i*ty, n.; l. Anfractuosities. Etym: [Cf. F. anfractuosité.]

1. A state of being anfractuous, or full of windings and turnings; sinuosity. The anfractuosities of his intellect and temper. Macaulay.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A sinuous depression or sulcus like those separating the convolutions of the brain.

ANFRACTUOUS An*frac"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. anfractuosus, fr. anfractus a turning, a winding, fr. the unused anfringere to wind, bend; an-, for amb- + fractus, p. p. of frangere to break: cf. F. anfractueux.]

Defn: Winding; full of windings and turnings; sinuous; tortuous; as, the anfractuous spires of a born. — An*frac"tu*ous*ness, n.

ANFRACTURE
An*frac"ture, n.

Defn: A mazy winding.

ANGARIATION An*ga"ri*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. angariatio, fr. L. angaria service to a lord, villenage, fr. anga, Gr.

Defn: Exaction of forced service; compulsion. [Obs.] Speed.

ANGEIOLOGY; ANGEIOTOMY
An`gei*ol"o*gy, n., An`gei*ot"o*my, etc.

Defn: Same as Angiology, Angiotomy, etc.

ANGEL
An"gel, n. Etym: [AS. æangel, engel, influenced by OF. angele, angle,
F. ange. Both the AS. and the OF. words are from L. angelus, Gr.

1. A messenger. [R.] The dear good angel of the Spring, The nightingale. B. Jonson.

2. A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as God's messengers. O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope, Thou hovering angel, girt with golden wings. Milton.

3. One of a class of "fallen angels;" an evil spirit; as, the devil and his angels.

4. A minister or pastor of a church, as in the Seven Asiatic churches. [Archaic] Unto-the angel of the church of Ephesus write. Rev. ii. 1.

5. Attendant spirit; genius; demon. Shak.

6. An appellation given to a person supposed to be of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling. When pain and anguish wring the brow. Sir W. Scott.

7. (Numis.)

Defn: An ancient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied in value from 6s. 8d. to 10s. Amer. Cyc.

Note: Angel is sometimes used adjectively; as, angel grace; angel whiteness. Angel bed, a bed without posts. — Angel fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of shark (Squatina angelus) from six to eight feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and extend horizontally like wings when spread. (b) One of several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas, belonging to the family, Chætodontidæ. — Angel gold, standard gold. [Obs.] Fuller. — Angel shark. See Angel fish. — Angel shot (Mil.), a kind of chain shot. — Angel water, a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from angelica; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and orange-flower waters, with ambergris, etc. [Obs.]

ANGELAGE
An"gel*age, n.

Defn: Existence or state of angels.

ANGELET
An"gel*et, n. Etym: [OF. angelet.]

Defn: A small gold coin formerly current in England; a half angel.
Eng. Cyc.

ANGEL FISH
An"gel fish.

Defn: See under Angel.

ANGELHOOD
An"gel*hood, n.

Defn: The state of being an angel; angelic nature. Mrs. Browning.

ANGELIC; ANGELICAL
An*gel"ic, An*gel"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. angelicus, Gr. angélique.]

Defn: Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine. "Angelic harps." Thomson."Angelical actions." Hooker. The union of womanly tenderness and angelic patience. Macaulay. Angelic Hymn, a very ancient hymn of the Christian Church; — so called from its beginning with the song of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14. Eadie.

ANGELIC
An*gel"ic, a. Etym: [From Angelica.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or derived from angelica; as, angelic acid; angelic ether.
Angelic acid, an acid obtained from angelica and some other plants.

ANGELICA
An*gel"i*ca, n. Etym: [NL. See Angelic.] (Bot.)

1. An aromatic umbelliferous plant (Archangelica officinalis or Angelica archangelica) the leaf stalks of which are sometimes candied and used in confectionery, and the roots and seeds as an aromatic tonic.

2. The candied leaf stalks of angelica. Angelica tree, a thorny North American shrub (Aralia spinosa), called also Hercules' club.

ANGELICALLY
An*gel"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Like an angel.

ANGELICALNESS
An*gel"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being angelic; excellence more than human.

ANGELIFY
An*gel"i*fy, v. t.

Defn: To make like an angel; to angelize. [Obs.] Farindon (1647).

ANGELIZE
An"gel*ize, v. t.

Defn: To raise to the state of an angel; to render angelic. It ought not to be our object to angelize, nor to brutalize, but to humanize man. W. Taylor.

ANGELLIKE
An"gel*like`, a. & adv.

Defn: Resembling an angel.

ANGELOLATRY
An`gel*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Worship paid to angels.

ANGELOLOGY
An`gel*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. angelus, Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A discourse on angels, or a body of doctrines in regard to
angels.
The same mythology commanded the general consent; the same
angelology, demonology. Milman.

ANGELOPHANY
An`gel*oph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The actual appearance of an angel to man.

ANGELOT An"ge*lot, n. Etym: [F. angelot, LL. angelotus, angellotus, dim. of angelus. See Angel.]

1. A French gold coin of the reign of Louis XI., bearing the image of St. Michael; also, a piece coined at Paris by the English under Henry VI. [Obs.]

2. An instrument of music, of the lute kind, now disused. Johnson. R. Browning.

3. A sort of small, rich cheese, made in Normandy.

ANGELUS An"ge*lus, n. Etym: [L.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A form of devotion in which three Ave Marias are repeated. It is said at morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell. (b) The Angelus bell. Shipley.

ANGER An"ger, n. Etym: [OE. anger, angre, affliction, anger, fr. Icel. angr affliction, sorrow; akin to Dan. anger regret, Swed. ånger regret, AS. ange oppressed, sad, L. angor a strangling, anguish, angere to strangle, Gr. amhas pain, and to. anguish, anxious, quinsy, and perh. awe, ugly. The word seems to have orig. meant to choke, squeeze.

1. Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore, etc. [Obs.] I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the greatest anger and soreness still continued. Temple.

2. A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury. Anger is like A full hot horse, who being allowed his way, Self- mettle tires him. Shak.

Syn. — Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall; choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen. — Anger, Indignation, Resentment, Wrath, Ire, Rage, Fury. Anger is a feeling of keen displeasure (usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but is not necessarily criminal. Indignation is a generous outburst of anger in view of things which are indigna, or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel, flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. Resentment is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed personal wrongs with a deep and lasting anger. See Resentment. Wrath and ire (the last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly provoked. Rage is a vehement ebullition of anger; and fury is an excess of rage, amounting almost to madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to anger; a high sense of honor creates indignation at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is apt to cherish resentment; the wrath and ire of men are often connected with a haughty and vindictive spirit; rage and fury are distempers of the soul to be regarded only with abhorrence.

ANGER
An"ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Angered; p. pr. & vb. n. Angering.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. angra.]

1. To make painful; to cause to smart; to inflame. [Obs.] He . . . angereth malign ulcers. Bacon.

2. To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke. Taxes and impositions . . . which rather angered than grieved the people. Clarendon.

ANGERLY
An"ger*ly, adv.

Defn: Angrily. [Obs. or Poetic]
Why, how now, Hecate! you look angerly. Shak.

ANGEVINE
An"ge*vine, a. Etym: [F. Angevin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Anjou in France.
 — n. A native of Anjou.

ANGIENCHYMA
An`gi*en"chy*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. Parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: Vascular tissue of plants, consisting of spiral vessels, dotted, barred, and pitted ducts, and laticiferous vessels.

ANGINA An*gi"na, n. Etym: [L., fr. angere to strangle, to choke. See Anger, n.] (Med.)

Defn: Any inflammatory affection of the throat or faces, as the quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup, etc., especially such as tends to produce suffocation, choking, or shortness of breath. Angina pectoris, a peculiarly painful disease, so named from a sense of suffocating contraction or tightening of the lower part of the chest; — called also breast pang, spasm of the chest.

ANGINOUS; ANGINOSE
An"gi*nous, An"gi*nose`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to angina or angina pectoris.

ANGIO-
An"gi*o-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prefix, or combining form, in numerous compounds, usually relating to seed or blood vessels, or to something contained in, or covered by, a vessel.

ANGIOCARPOUS An`gi*o*car"pous, a. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Bot.) (a) Having fruit inclosed within a covering that does not form a part of itself; as, the filbert covered by its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule. Brande & C. (b) Having the seeds or spores covered, as in certain lichens. Gray.

ANGIOGRAPHY
An`gi*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Angio- + -graphy: cf. F. angiographie.]
(Anat.)

Defn: A description of blood vessels and lymphatics.

ANGIOLOGY
An`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Angio- + -logy.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of blood vessels and lymphatics.

ANGIOMA
An`gi*o"ma, n. Etym: [ + -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood vessels.

ANGIOMONOSPERMOUS
An`gi*o*mon`o*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Angio- + monospermous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing one seed only in a seed pod.

ANGIONEUROSIS
An`gi*o*neu*ro"sis, n. [NL.; angio- + neurosis.] (Med.)

Defn: Any disorder of the vasomotor system; neurosis of a blood vessel. —An`gi*o*neu*rot"ic (#), a.

ANGIOPATHY
An`gi*op"a*thy, n. [Angio- + Gr. disease.] (Med.)

Defn: Disease of the vessels, esp. the blood vessels.

ANGIOSCOPE
An"gi*o*scope, n. Etym: [Angio- + -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals and plants. Morin.

ANGIOSPERM
An"gi*o*sperm, n. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp.

Note: The term is restricted to exogenous plants, and applied to one of the two grand divisions of these species, the other division including gymnosperms, or those which have naked seeds. The oak, apple, beech, etc., are angiosperms, while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are gymnosperms.

ANGIOSPERMATOUS
An`gi*o*sper"ma*tous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Angiospermous.

ANGIOSPERMOUS
An`gi*o*sper"mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other pericarp.

ANGIOSPOROUS
An`gi*os"po*rous, a. Etym: [Angio- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having spores contained in cells or thecæ, as in the case of some fungi.

ANGIOSTOMOUS
An`gi*os"to*mous, a. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: With a narrow mouth, as the shell of certain gastropods.

ANGIOTOMY
An`gi*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Angio- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Dissection of the blood vessels and lymphatics of the body.
Dunglison.

ANGLE An"gle, n. Etym: [F. angle, L. angulus angle, corner; akin to uncus hook, Gr. angel hook, fish-hook, G. angel, and F. anchor.]

1. The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner; a
nook.
Into the utmost angle of the world. Spenser.
To search the tenderest angles of the heart. Milton.

2. (Geom.) (a) The figure made by. two lines which meet. (b) The difference of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of meeting is the vertex of the angle.

3. A projecting or sharp corner; an angular fragment. Though but an angle reached him of the stone. Dryden.

4. (Astrol.)

Defn: A name given to four of the twelve astrological "houses."
[Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Etym: [AS. angel.]

Defn: A fishhook; tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line, hook, and bait, with or without a rod. Give me mine angle: we 'll to the river there. Shak. A fisher next his trembling angle bears. Pope. Acute angle, one less than a right angle, or less than 90º. — Adjacent or Contiguous angles, such as have one leg common to both angles. — Alternate angles. See Alternate. — Angle bar. (a) (Carp.) An upright bar at the angle where two faces of a polygonal or bay window meet. Knight. (b) (Mach.) Same as Angle iron. — Angle bead (Arch.), a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a wall. — Angle brace, Angle tie (Carp.), a brace across an interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and securing the two side pieces together. Knight. — Angle iron (Mach.), a rolled bar or plate of iron having one or more angles, used for forming the corners, or connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron structure to which it is riveted. — Angle leaf (Arch.), a detail in the form of a leaf, more or less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to strengthen an angle. — Angle meter, an instrument for measuring angles, esp. for ascertaining the dip of strata. — Angle shaft (Arch.), an enriched angle bead, often having a capital or base, or both. — Curvilineal angle, one formed by two curved lines. — External angles, angles formed by the sides of any right-lined figure, when the sides are produced or lengthened. — Facial angle. See under Facial. — Internal angles, those which are within any right-lined figure. — Mixtilineal angle, one formed by a right line with a curved line. — Oblique angle, one acute or obtuse, in opposition to a right angle. — Obtuse angle, one greater than a right angle, or more than 90º. — Optic angle. See under Optic. — Rectilineal or Right-lined angle, one formed by two right lines. — Right angle, one formed by a right line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90º (measured by a quarter circle). — Solid angle, the figure formed by the meeting of three or more plane angles at one point. — Spherical angle, one made by the meeting of two arcs of great circles, which mutually cut one another on the surface of a globe or sphere. — Visual angle, the angle formed by two rays of light, or two straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to the center of the eye. — For Angles of commutation, draught, incidence, reflection, refraction, position, repose, fraction, see Commutation, Draught, Incidence, Reflection, Refraction, etc.

ANGLE
An"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Angled; p. pr. & vb. n. Angling.]

1. To fish with an angle (fishhook), or with hook and line.

2. To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to scheme; as, to angle for praise. The hearts of all that he did angle for. Shak.

ANGLE
An"gle, v. t.

Defn: To try to gain by some insinuating artifice; to allure. [Obs.]
"He angled the people's hearts." Sir P. Sidney.

ANGLED
An"gled, a.

Defn: Having an angle or angles; — used in compounds; as, right- angled, many-angled, etc. The thrice three-angled beechnut shell. Bp. Hall.

ANGLEMETER
An"gle*me`ter, n. Etym: [Angle + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument to measure angles, esp. one used by geologists to measure the dip of strata.

ANGLE OF ENTRY
An"gle of en"try. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The angle between the tangent to the advancing edge (of an aërocurve) and the line of motion; — contrasted with angle of trail, which is the angle between the tangent to the following edge and the line of motion.

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
Angle of incidence. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The angle between the chord of an aërocurve and the relative direction of the undisturbed air current.

ANGLER
An"gler, n.

1. One who angles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish (Lophius piscatorius), of Europe and America, having a large, broad, and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes within reach. Called also fishing frog, frogfish, toadfish, goosefish, allmouth, monkfish, etc.

ANGLES
An"gles, n. pl. Etym: [L. Angli. See Anglican.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: An ancient Low German tribe, that settled in Britain, which came to be called Engla-land (Angleland or England). The Angles probably came from the district of Angeln (now within the limits of Schleswig), and the country now Lower Hanover, etc.

ANGLESITE
An"gle*site, n. Etym: [From the Isle of Anglesea.] (Min.)

Defn: A native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish transparent, prismatic crystals.

ANGLEWISE
An"gle*wise`, adv. Etym: [Angle + wise, OE. wise manner.]

Defn: In an angular manner; angularly.

ANGLEWORM
An"gle*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A earthworm of the genus Lumbricus, frequently used by anglers for bait. See Earthworm.

ANGLIAN
An"gli*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Angles.
 — n.

Defn: One of the Angles.

ANGLIC
An"glic, a.

Defn: Anglian.

ANGLICAN
An"gli*can, a. Etym: [Angli the Angles, a Germanic tribe in Lower
Germany. Cf. English.]

1. English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation; especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established church of England; as, the Anglican church, doctrine, orders, ritual, etc.

2. Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by, the high church party of the Church of England.

ANGLICAN
An"gli*can, n.

1. A member of the Church of England. Whether Catholics, Anglicans, or Calvinists. Burke.

2. In a restricted sense, a member of the High Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the Church of England.

ANGLICANISM
An"gli*can*ism, n.

1. Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church of England.

2. The principles of the established church of England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the high-church party.

3. Attachment to England or English institutions.

ANGLICE
An"gli*ce, adv. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: In English; in the English manner; as, Livorno, Anglice
Leghorn.

ANGLICIFY
An*glic"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [NL. Anglicus English + -fly.]

Defn: To anglicize. [R.]

ANGLICISM
An"gli*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. anglicisme.]

1. An English idiom; a phrase or form language peculiar to the English. Dryden.

2. The quality of being English; an English characteristic, custom, or method.

ANGLICITY
An*glic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being English.

ANGLICIZATION
An`gli*ci*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of anglicizing, or making English in character.

ANGLICIZE
An"gli*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anglicized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anglicizing.]

Defn: To make English; to English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or to English analogies.

ANGLIFY
An"gli*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anglified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anglifying.] Etym: [L. Angli + -fly.]

Defn: To convert into English; to anglicize. Franklin. Darwin.

ANGLING
An"gling, n.

Defn: The act of one who angles; the art of fishing with rod and line. Walton.

ANGLO-
An"glo- Etym: [NL. Anglus English. See Anglican.]

Defn: A combining form meaning the same as English; or English and, or English conjoined with; as, Anglo-Turkish treaty, Anglo-German, Anglo-Irish. Anglo-American, . Of or pertaining to the English and Americans, or to the descendants of Englishmen in America. — n. A descendant from English ancestors born in America, or the United States. Anglo-Danish, a. Of or pertaining to the English and Danes, or to the Danes who settled in England. Anglo-Indian, a. Of or pertaining to the English in India, or to the English and East Indian peoples or languages. — n. One of the Anglo-Indian race born or resident in the East Indies. Anglo-Norman, a. Of or pertaining to the English and Normans, or to the Normans who settled in England. — n. One of the English Normans, or the Normans who conquered England. Anglo-Saxon. See Anglo-Saxon in the Vocabulary.

ANGLO-CATHOLIC
An"glo-Cath"o*lic, a.,

Defn: Of or pertaining to a church modeled on the English
Reformation; Anglican; — sometimes restricted to the ritualistic or
High Church section of the Church of England.

ANGLO-CATHOLIC
An"glo-Cath"o*lic, n.

Defn: A member of the Church of England who contends for its catholic character; more specifically, a High Churchman.

ANGLO-CATHOLICISM
An"glo-Ca*thol"i*cism, n.

Defn: The belief of those in the Church of England who accept many doctrines and practices which they maintain were those of the primitive, or true, Catholic Church, of which they consider the Church of England to be the lineal descendant.

ANGLOMANIA
An"glo*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Anglo'cf + mania.]

Defn: A mania for, or an inordinate attachment to, English customs, institutions, etc.

ANGLOMANIAC
An`glo*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: One affected with Anglomania.

ANGLOPHOBIA
An`glo*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [Anglo- + Gr.

Defn: Intense dread of, or aversion to, England or the English.
 — An"glo*phobe, n.

ANGLO-SAXON
An"glo-Sax"on, n. Etym: [L. Angli-Saxones English Saxons.]

1. A Saxon of Britain, that is, an English Saxon, or one the Saxons who settled in England, as distinguished from a continental (or "Old") Saxon.

2. pl.

Defn: The Teutonic people (Angles, Saxons, Jutes) of England, or the English people, collectively, before the Norman Conquest. It is quite correct to call Æthelstan "King of the Anglo-Saxons," but to call this or that subject of Æthelstan "an Anglo-Saxon" is simply nonsense. E. A. Freeman.

3. The language of the English people before the Conquest (sometimes called Old English). See Saxon.

4. One of the race or people who claim descent from the Saxons, Angles, or other Teutonic tribes who settled in England; a person of English descent in its broadest sense.

ANGLO-SAXON
An"glo-Sax"on, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Anglo-Saxons or their language.

ANGLO-SAXONDOM
An"glo-Sax"on*dom, n.

Defn: The Anglo-Saxon domain (i. e., Great Britain and the United
States, etc.); the Anglo-Saxon race.

ANGLO-SAXONISM
An"glo-Sax"on*ism, n.

1. A characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race; especially, a word or an idiom of the Anglo-Saxon tongue. M. Arnold.

2. The quality or sentiment of being Anglo-Saxon, or English in its ethnological sense.

ANGOLA
An*go"la, n. Etym: [A corruption of Angora.]

Defn: A fabric made from the wool of the Angora goat.

ANGOLA PEA
An*go"la pea`. (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical plant (Cajanus indicus) and its edible seed, a kind of pulse; — so called from Angola in Western Africa. Called also pigeon pea and Congo pea.

ANGOR
An"gor, n. Etym: [L. See Anger.] (Med.)

Defn: Great anxiety accompanied by painful constriction at the upper part of the belly, often with palpitation and oppression.

ANGORA
An*go"ra, n.

Defn: A city of Asia Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat, etc. Angora cat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the brownish white color. Called also Angola cat. See Cat. — Angora goat (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic goat, reared for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for manufacture.

ANGOSTURA BARK
An`gos*tu"ra bark". Etym: [From Angostura, in Venezuela.]

Defn: An aromatic bark used as a tonic, obtained from a South
American of the rue family (Galipea cusparia, or officinalis). U. S.
Disp.

ANGOUMOIS MOTH
An`gou`mois" moth". Etym: [So named from Angoumois in France.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A small moth (Gelechia cerealella) which is very destructive to wheat and other grain. The larva eats out the inferior of the grain, leaving only the shell.

ANGRILY
An"gri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an angry manner; under the influence of anger.

ANGRINESS
An"gri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being angry, or of being inclined to anger.
Such an angriness of humor that we take fire at everything. Whole
Duty of Man.

ANGRY
An"gry, a. [Compar. Angrier; superl. Angriest.] Etym: [See Anger.]

1. Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [Obs.] God had provided a severe and angry education to chastise the forwardness of a young spirit. Jer. Taylor.

2. Inflamed and painful, as a sore.

3. Touched with anger; under the emotion of anger; feeling resentment; enraged; — followed generally by with before a person, and at before a thing. Be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves. Gen. xlv. 5. Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice Eccles. v. 6.

4. Showing anger; proceeding from anger; acting as if moved by anger; wearing the marks of anger; as, angry words or tones; an angry sky; angry waves. "An angry countenance." Prov. xxv. 23.

5. Red. [R.] Sweet rose, whose hue, angry and brave. Herbert.

6. Sharp; keen; stimulated. [R.] I never ate with angrier appetite. Tennyson.

Syn. — Passionate; resentful; irritated; irascible; indignant; provoked; enraged; incensed; exasperated; irate; hot; raging; furious; wrathful; wroth; choleric; inflamed; infuriated.

ANGUIFORM
An"gui*form, a. Etym: [L. angius snake + -form.]

Defn: Snake-shaped.

ANGUILLIFORM An*guil"li*form, a. Etym: [L. anguilla eel (dim. of anguis snake) + - form.]

Defn: Eel-shaped.

Note: The "Anguillæformes" of Cuvier are fishes related to thee eel.

ANGUINE
An"guine, a. Etym: [L. anguinus, fr. anguis snake.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a snake or serpent. "The anguine or snakelike reptiles." Owen.

ANGUINEAL
An*guin"e*al, a.

Defn: Anguineous.

ANGUINEOUS
An*guin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. anguineus.]

Defn: Snakelike.

ANGUISH
An"guish, n. Etym: [OE. anguishe, anguise, angoise, F. angoisse, fr.
L. angustia narrowness, difficulty, distress, fr. angustus narrow,
difficult, fr. angere to press together. See Anger.]

Defn: Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress.
But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for
cruel bondage. Ex. vi. 9.
Anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child. Jer. iv. 31.

Note: Rarely used in the plural: - Ye miserable people, you must go to God in anguishes, and make your prayer to him. Latimer.

Syn.
 — Agony; pang; torture; torment. See Agony.

ANGUISH
An"guish, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. angoisser, fr. L. angustiare.]

Defn: To distress with extreme pain or grief. [R.] Temple.

ANGULAR
An"gu*lar, a. Etym: [L. angularis, fr. angulus angle, corner. See
Angle.]

1. Relating to an angle or to angles; having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner; sharp-cornered; pointed; as, an angular figure.

2. Measured by an angle; as, angular distance.

3. Fig.: Lean; lank; raw-boned; ungraceful; sharp and stiff in character; as, remarkably angular in his habits and appearance; an angular female. Angular aperture, Angular distance. See Aperture, Distance. — Angular motion, the motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed axis, as of a planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed over at the point or axis by a line drawn to the body. — Angular point, the point at which the sides of the angle meet; the vertex. — Angular velocity, the ratio of anuglar motion to the time employed in describing.

ANGULAR
An"gu*lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and fishes.

ANGULARITY
An`gu*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being angular; angularness.

ANGULARLY
An"gu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an angular manner; with of at angles or corners. B. Jonson.

ANGULARNESS
An"gu*lar*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being angular.

ANGULATE
An"gu*late, v. t.

Defn: To make angular.

ANGULATE; ANGULATED An"gu*late, An"gu*la`ted, a. Etym: [L. angulatus, p. p. of angulare to make angular.]

Defn: Having angles or corners; angled; as, angulate leaves.

ANGULATION
An`gu*la"tion, n.

Defn: A making angular; angular formation. Huxley.

ANGULO-DENTATE An"gu*lo-den"tate(#), a.. Etym: [L. angulus angle + dens, dentis, tooth.] (Bot.)

Defn: Angularly toothed, as certain leaves.

ANGULOMETER
An"gu*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. angulus angle + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring external angles.

ANGULOSE
An"gu*lose`, a.

Defn: Angulous. [R.]

ANGULOSITY
An`gu*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: A state of being angulous or angular. [Obs.]

ANGULOUS
An"gu*lous, a. Etym: [L. angulosus: cf. F. anguleux.]

Defn: Angular; having corners; hooked. [R.]
Held together by hooks and angulous involutions. Glanvill.

ANGUST
An*gust", a. Etym: [L. angustus. See Anguish.]

Defn: Narrow; strait. [Obs.]

ANGUSTATE An*gus"tate, a. Etym: [L. angustatus, p. p. of angustare to make narrow.]

Defn: Narrowed.

ANGUSTATION
An`gus*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act or making narrow; a straitening or contacting. Wiseman.

ANGUSTICLAVE An*gus"ti*clave (an*gus"ti*klav), n. [L. angustus narrow + clavus a nail, a stripe.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A narrow stripe of purple worn by the equites on each side of the tunic as a sign of rank.

ANGUSTIFOLIATE; ANGUSTIFOLIOUS An*gus`ti*fo"li*ate, An*gus`ti*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. angustus narrow (see Anguish) + folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having narrow leaves. Wright.

ANGUSTURA BARK
An`gus*tu"ra bark`.

Defn: See Angostura bark.

ANGWANTIBO
An`gwan*ti"bo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small lemuroid mammal (Arctocebus Calabarensis) of Africa. It has only a rudimentary tail.

ANHANG
An*hang", v. t. Etym: [AS. onhangian.]

Defn: To hang. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANHARMONIC
An`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [F. anharmonique, fr. Gr. (Math.)

Defn: Not harmonic. The anharmonic function or ratio of four points abcd on a straight line is the quantity (ac/ad):(bc/bd), where the segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to the order of the letters.

ANHELATION An`he*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. anhelatio, fr. anhelare to pant; an (perh. akin to E. on) + halare to breathe: cf. F. anhélation.]

Defn: Short and rapid breathing; a panting; asthma. Glanvill.

ANHELE
An*hele", v. i. Etym: [Cf. OF. aneler, anheler. See Anhelation.]

Defn: To pant; to be breathlessly anxious or eager (for). [Obs.]
They anhele . . . for the fruit of our convocation. Latimer.

ANHELOSE
An"he*lose, a.

Defn: Anhelous; panting. [R.]

ANHELOUS
An*he"lous, a. Etym: [L. anhelus.]

Defn: Short of breath; panting.

ANHIMA
An"hi*ma, n. Etym: [Brazilian name.]

Defn: A South American aquatic bird; the horned screamer or kamichi
(Palamedea cornuta). See Kamichi.

ANHINGA
An*hin"ga, n. Etym: [Pg.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic bird of the southern United States (Platus anhinga); the darter, or snakebird.

ANHISTOUS
An*his"tous, a. Etym: [Gr. anhiste.] (Biol.)

Defn: Without definite structure; as, an anhistous membrane.

ANHUNGERED
An*hun"gered, a.

Defn: Ahungered; longing. [Archaic]

ANHYDRIDE
An*hy"dride, n. Etym: [See Anhydrous.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide of a nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water; — so called because it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.

ANHYDRITE
An*hy"drite, n. Etym: [See Anhydrous.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a white a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water (whence the name).

ANHYDROUS
An*hy"drous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Destitute of water; as, anhydrous salts or acids.

ANI; ANO
A"ni or A"no, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A black bird of tropical America, the West Indies and Florida (Crotophaga ani), allied to the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.

ANICUT; ANNICUT
An"i*cut, An"ni*cut, n. Etym: [Tamil anai kattu dam building.]

Defn: A dam or mole made in the course of a stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of irrigation. [India] Brande & C.

ANIDIOMATIC; ANIDIOMATICAL; UNIDIOMATIC; UNIDIOMATICAL
An*id`io*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. idiomatical.]

Defn: Not idiomatic. [R.] Landor.

ANIENT; ANIENTISE
An"i*ent, An`i*en"tise, v. t. Etym: [OF. anientir, F. anéantir.]

Defn: To frustrate; to bring to naught; to annihilate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

ANIGH
A*nigh", prep. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + nigh.]

Defn: Nigh. [Archaic]

ANIGHT; ANIGHTS
A*night", A*nights", adv. Etym: [OE. on niht.]

Defn: In the night time; at night. [Archaic]
Does he hawk anights still Marston.

ANIL An"il, n. Etym: [F. anil, Sp. anil, or Pg. anil; all fr. Ar. an-nil, for al-nil the indigo plant, fr. Skr. nila dark blue, nili indigo, indigo plant. Cf. Lilac.] (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian plant (Indigofera anil), one of the original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.

ANILE
An"ile, a. Etym: [L. anilis, fr. anus an old woman.]

Defn: Old-womanish; imbecile. "Anile ideas." Walpole.

ANILENESS
An"ile*ness, n.

Defn: Anility. [R.]

ANILIC
An*il"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; — applied to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo. [R.]

ANILIDE
An"i*lide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by phenyl.

ANILINE
An"i*line, n. Etym: [See Anil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made.

ANILINE
An"i*line, a.

Defn: Made from, or of the nature of, aniline.

ANILINISM
An"i*lin*ism, n. [Aniline + -ism.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease due to inhaling the poisonous fumes present in the manufacture of aniline.

ANILITY
A*nil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. anilitas. See Anile.]

Defn: The state of being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage.
"Marks of anility." Sterne.

ANIMADVERSAL
An`i*mad*ver"sal, n.

Defn: The faculty of perceiving; a percipient. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

ANIMADVERSION
An`i*mad*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. animadversio, fr. animadvertere: cf.
F. animadversion. See Animadvert.]

1. The act or power of perceiving or taking notice; direct or simple perception. [Obs.] The soul is the sole percipient which hath animadversion and sense, properly so called. Glanvill.

2. Monition; warning. [Obs.] Clarendon.

3. Remarks by way of criticism and usually of censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame. He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp animadversions. Clarendon.

4. Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement; punishment. [Archaic] "Divine animadversions." Wesley.

Syn.
 — Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame; comment.

ANIMADVERSIVE
An`i*mad*ver"sive, a.

Defn: Having the power of perceiving; percipient. [Archaic] Glanvill. I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and shining to the animadversive faculty. Coleridge.

ANIMADVERT
An`i*mad*vert", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Animadverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Animadverting.] Etym: [L. animadvertere; animus mind + advertere to
turn to; ad to + vertere to turn.]

1. To take notice; to observe; — commonly followed by that. Dr. H. More.

2. To consider or remark by way of criticism or censure; to express censure; — with on or upon. I should not animadvert on him . . . if he had not used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable Shakespeare. Dryden.

3. To take cognizance judicially; to inflict punishment. [Archaic] Grew.

Syn.
 — To remark; comment; criticise; censure.

ANIMADVERTER
An`i*mad*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who animadverts; a censurer; also [Obs.], a chastiser.

ANIMAL
An"i*mal, n. Etym: [L., fr. anima breath, soul: cf. F. animal. See
Animate.]

1. An organized living being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion, and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in motive power or active aggressive force with progress to maturity.

2. One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as distinguished from man; as, men and animals.

ANIMAL
An"i*mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. animal.]

1. Of or relating to animals; as, animal functions.

2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or spiritual part; as, the animal passions or appetites.

3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as, animal food. Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and Mesmerism. — Animal electricity, the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric eel, torpedo, etc. — Animal flower (Zoöl.), a name given to certain marine animals resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone, and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc. — Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature. — Animal spirits. See under Spirit. — Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination, but variously arranged by different writers.

Note: The following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present time: -Vertebrata, including Mammalia or Mammals, Aves or Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or Fishes, Marsipobranchiata (Craniota); and Leptocardia (Acrania). Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and Ascidioidea or Ascidians. Articulata or Annulosa, including Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Merostomata, Crustacea (Arthropoda); and Annelida, Gehyrea (Anarthropoda). Helminthes or Vermes, including Rotifera, Chætognatha, Nematoidea, Acanthocephala, Nemertina, Turbellaria, Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea. Molluscoidea, including Brachiopoda and Bryozoa. Mollusca, including Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Pteropoda, Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata or Acephala. Echinodermata, including Holothurioidea, Echinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, and Crinoidea. Coelenterata, including Anthozoa or Polyps, Ctenophora, and Hydrozoa or Acalephs. Spongiozoa or Porifera, including the sponges. Protozoa, including Infusoria and Rhizopoda. For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.

ANIMALCULAR; ANIMALCULINE
An`i*mal"cu*lar, An`i*mal"cu*line, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules. "Animalcular life." Tyndall.

ANIMALCULE
An`i*mal"cule, n. Etym: [As if fr. a L. animalculum, dim. of animal.]

1. A small animal, as a fly, spider, etc. [Obs.] Ray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal, invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. See
Infusoria.

Note: Many of the so-called animalcules have been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like those of animals. Among these are Volvox, the Desmidiacæ, and the siliceous Diatomaceæ. Spermatic animalcules. See Spermatozoa.

ANIMALCULISM
An`i*mal"cu*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalculisme.] (Biol.)

Defn: The theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and pathological by means of animalcules.

ANIMALCULIST
An`i*mal"cu*list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalculiste.]

1. One versed in the knowledge of animalcules. Keith.

2. A believer in the theory of animalculism.

ANIMALCULUM
An`i*mal"cu*lum, n.; pl. Animalcula. Etym: [NL. See Animalcule.]

Defn: An animalcule.

Note: Animalculæ, as if from a Latin singular animalcula, is a barbarism.

ANIMALISH
An"i*mal*ish, a.

Defn: Like an animal.

ANIMALISM
An"i*mal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalisme.]

Defn: The state, activity, or enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or moral qualities; sensuality.

ANIMALITY
An`i*mal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalité.]

Defn: Animal existence or nature. Locke.

ANIMALIZATION
An`i*mal*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animalisation.]

1. The act of animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal properties.

2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of assimilation. Owen.

ANIMALIZE
An"i*mal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Animalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. animaliser.]

1. To endow with the properties of an animal; to represent in animal form. Warburton.

2. To convert into animal matter by the processes of assimilation.

3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the state of a lower animal; to sensualize. The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the animalizing tendency of his own philosophy. Coleridge.

ANIMALLY
An"i*mal*ly, adv.

Defn: Physically. G. Eliot.

ANIMALNESS
An"i*mal*ness, n.

Defn: Animality. [R.]

ANIMASTIC
An`i*mas"tic, a. Etym: [L. anima breath, life.]

Defn: Pertaining to mind or spirit; spiritual.

ANIMASTIC
An`i*mas"tic, n.

Defn: Psychology. [Obs.]

ANIMATE An"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Animated; p. pr. & vb. n. Animating.] Etym: [L. animatus, p. p. of animare, fr. anima breath, soul; akin to animus soul, mind, Gr. an to breathe, live, Goth. us-anan to expire (us- out), Icel. önd breath, anda to breathe, OHG. ando anger. Cf. Animal.]

1. To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as, the soul animates the body.

2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of; as, to animate a lyre. Dryden.

3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven. The more to animate the people, he stood on high . . . and cried unto them with a loud voice. Knolles.

Syn. — To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate; inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken; gladden.

ANIMATE
An"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. animatus, p. p.]

Defn: Endowed with life; alive; living; animated; lively.
The admirable structure of animate bodies. Bentley.

ANIMATED
An"i*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Endowed with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively; vigorous. "Animated sounds." Pope. "Animated bust." Gray. "Animated descriptions." Lewis.

ANIMATEDLY
An"i*ma`ted*ly, adv.

Defn: With animation.

ANIMATER
An"i*ma`ter, n.

Defn: One who animates. De Quincey.

ANIMATING
An"i*ma"ting, a.

Defn: Causing animation; life-giving; inspiriting; rousing.
"Animating cries." Pope.
 — An"i*ma`ting*ly, adv.

ANIMATION
An`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. animatio, fr. animare.]

1. The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of being animate or alive. The animation of the same soul quickening the whole frame. Bp. Hall. Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking, with whatever I posses of animation. Landor.

2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; as, he recited the story with great animation. Suspended animation, temporary suspension of the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.

Syn. — Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness; sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness; energy. See Liveliness.

ANIMATIVE
An"i*ma*tive, a

Defn: Having the power of giving life or spirit. Johnson.

ANIMATOR
An"i*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L. animare.]

Defn: One who, or that which, animates; an animater. Sir T. Browne.

ANIME
A"ni*mé`, a. Etym: [F., animated.] (Her.)

Defn: Of a different tincture from the animal itself; — said of the eyes of a rapacious animal. Brande & C.

ANIME A"ni*mé, n. Etym: [F. animé animated (from the insects that are entrapped in it); or native name.]

Defn: A resin exuding from a tropical American tree (Hymenæa courbaril), and much used by varnish makers. Ure.

ANIMISM
An"i*mism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animisme, fr. L. anima soul. See
Animate.]

1. The doctrine, taught by Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and development in the body.

2. The belief that inanimate objects and the phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of soul or spirit apart from matter. Tylor.

ANIMIST
An"i*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. animiste.]

Defn: One who maintains the doctrine of animism.

ANIMISTIC
An`i*mis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to animism. Huxley. Tylor.

ANIMOSE; ANIMOUS An`i*mose", An"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. animosus, fr. animus soul, spirit, courage.]

Defn: Full of spirit; hot; vehement; resolute. [Obs.] Ash.

ANIMOSENESS
An`i*mose"ness, n.

Defn: Vehemence of temper. [Obs.]

ANIMOSITY An`i*mos"i*ty, n.; pl. Animosities. Etym: [F. animosité, fr. L. animositas. See Animose, Animate, v. t.]

1. Mere spiritedness or courage. [Obs.] Skelton. Such as give some proof of animosity, audacity, and execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth. Holland.

2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike. Macaulay.

Syn. — Enmity; hatred; opposition. — Animosity, Enmity. Enmity be dormant or concealed; animosity is active enmity, inflamed by collision and mutual injury between opposing parties. The animosities which were continually springing up among the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and bloodshed for successive ages. The animosities which have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the reproach of the church. Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and make enmities irreconcilable. Spectator. [These] factions . . . never suspended their animosities till they ruined that unhappy government. Hume.

ANIMUS
An"i*mus, n.; pl. Animi. Etym: [L., mind.]

Defn: Animating spirit; intention; temper. nimus furandi Etym: [L.]
(Law), intention of stealing.

ANION
An"i*on, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An electro-negative element, or the element which, in electro- chemical decompositions, is evolved at the anode; — opposed to cation. Faraday.

ANISE
An"ise, n. Etym: [OE. anys, F. anis, L. anisum, anethum, fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.

2. The fruit or seeds of this plant.

ANISEED
An"i*seed, n.

Defn: The seed of the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. "Oil of aniseed." Brande & C.

ANISETTE
An`i*sette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A French cordial or liqueur flavored with anise seeds. De
Colange.

ANISIC
A*nis"ic, a.

Defn: Of or derived from anise; as, anisic acid; anisic alcohol.

ANISOCORIA
An`i*so*co"ri*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. + pupil.] (Med.)

Defn: Inequality of the pupils of the eye.

ANISODACTYLA; ANISODACTYLS An`i*so*dac"ty*la, An`i*so*dac"tyls, n. pl. Etym: [NL. anisodactyla, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the elephant, rhinoceros, etc. (b) A group of perching birds which are anisodactylous.

ANISODACTYLOUS
An`i*so*dac"ty*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Characterized by unequal toes, three turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine birds.

ANISOL
An"i*sol, n. [Anisic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Methyl phenyl ether, C6H5OCH3, got by distilling anisic acid or by the action of methide on potassium phenolate.

ANISOMERIC
An`i*so*mer"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Not isomeric; not made of the same components in the same proportions.

ANISOMEROUS
An`i*som"er*ous, a. Etym: [See Anisomeric.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six stamens.

ANISOMETRIC
An`i*so*met"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. isometric.]

Defn: Not isometric; having unsymmetrical parts; — said of crystals with three unequal axes. Dana.

ANISOMETROPIA
An`i*so*me*tro"pi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. + measure + , , eye.]

Defn: Unequal refractive power in the two eyes.

ANISOPETALOUS
An`i*so*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal petals.

ANISOPHYLLOUS
An`i*soph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal leaves.

ANISOPLEURA
An`i*so*pleu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A primary division of gastropods, including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body are unequally developed.

ANISOPODA
An`i*sop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Crustacea, which, in some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and Isopoda.

ANISOSPORE
An"i*so*spore`, n. [Gr. priv. + isospore.] (Biol.)

Defn: A sexual spore in which the sexes differ in size; — opposed to isospore.

ANISOSTEMONOUS
An`i*so*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having unequal stamens; having stamens different in number from the petals.

ANISOSTHENIC
An`i*so*sthen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of unequal strength.

ANISOTROPE; ANISOTROPIC
An"i*so*trope`, An`i*so*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Not isotropic; having different properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals are anisotropic.

ANISOTROPOUS
An`i*sot"ro*pous, a.

Defn: Anisotropic.

ANISYL
An"i*syl, n. (Org. Chem.)
 (a) The univalent radical, CH3OC6H4, of which anisol is the hydride.
 (b) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CH2; as, anisyl alcohol.
 (c) The univalent radical CH3OC6H4CO, of anisic acid.

ANITO
A*ni"to, n.; pl. -tos (#). [Sp.]

Defn: In Guam and the Philippines, an idol, fetich, or spirit.

ANKER
An"ker, n. Etym: [D. anker: cf. LL. anceria, ancheria.]

Defn: A liquid measure in various countries of Europe. The Dutch anker, formerly also used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or 8

ANKERITE An"ker*ite, n. Etym: [So called from Prof. Anker of Austria: cf. F. ankérite, G. ankerit.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral closely related to dolomite, but containing iron.

ANKH
Ankh, n. [Egypt.] (Egypt. Archæol.)

Defn: A tau cross with a loop at the top, used as an attribute or sacred emblem, symbolizing generation or enduring life. Called also crux ansata.

ANKLE An"kle, n. Etym: [OE. ancle, anclow, AS. ancleow; akin to Icel. ökkla, ökli, Dan. and Sw. ankel, D. enklaauw, enkel, G. enkel, and perh. OHG. encha, ancha thigh, shin: cf. Skr. anga limb, anguri finger. Cf. Haunch.]

Defn: The joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus.
Ankle bone, the bone of the ankle; the astragalus.

ANKLED
An"kled, a.

Defn: Having ankles; — used in composition; as, well-ankled. Beau. &
Fl.

ANKLET
An"klet, n.

Defn: An ornament or a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.

ANKUS
An"kus, n. [Hind., fr. Skr. ankuça.]

Defn: An elephant goad with a sharp spike and hook, resembling a short-handled boat hook. [India] Kipling.

ANKYLOSE
An"ky*lose, v. t. & i.

Defn: Same as Anchylose.

ANKYLOSIS
An`ky*lo"sis, n.

Defn: Same as Anchylosis.

ANKYLOSTOMIASIS
An`ky*los*to*mi"a*sis, n. [NL., fr. Ankylostoma, var. of
Agchylostoma, generic name of one genus of the parasitic nematodes.]
(Med.)

Defn: A disease due to the presence of the parasites Agchylostoma duodenale, Uncinaria (subgenus Necator) americana, or allied nematodes, in the small intestine. When present in large numbers they produce a severe anæmia by sucking the blood from the intestinal walls. Called also miner's anæmia, tunnel disease, brickmaker's anæmia, Egyptian chlorosis.

ANLACE
An"lace, n. Etym: [Origin unknown.]

Defn: A broad dagger formerly worn at the girdle. [Written also anelace.]

ANLAUT
An"laut`, n. [G.; an on + laut sound.] (Phon.)

Defn: An initial sound, as of a word or syllable.

— Im anlaut, initially; when initial; —used of sounds.

ANN; ANNAT Ann, An"nat, n. Etym: [LL. annata income of a year, also, of half a year, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annate annats.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.

ANNA
An"na, n. Etym: [Hindi ana.]

Defn: An East Indian money of account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2

ANNAL
An"nal, n.

Defn: See Annals.

ANNALIST
An"nal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annaliste.]

Defn: A writer of annals.
The monks . . . were the only annalists in those ages. Hume.

ANNALISTIC
An`nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; as, the dry annalistic style."A stiff annalistic method." Sir G. C. Lewis.

ANNALIZE
An"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To record in annals. Sheldon.

ANNALS An"nals, n. pl. Etym: [L. annalis (sc. liber), and more frequently in the pl. annales (sc. libri), chronicles, fr. annus year. Cf. Annual.]

1. A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. "Annals the revolution." Macaulay. "The annals of our religion." Rogers.

2. Historical records; chronicles; history. The short and simple annals of the poor. Gray. It was one of the most critical periods in our annals. Burke.

3. sing.

Defn: The record of a single event or item. "In deathless annal."
Young.

4. A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; as "Annals of Science."

Syn.
 — History. See History.

ANNATS; ANNATES
An"nats, An"nates, n. pl. Etym: [See Ann.] (Eccl. Law)

Defn: The first year's profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for the augmentation of poor livings.

ANNEAL An*neal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annealing.] Etym: [OE. anelen to heat, burn, AS. an; an on + to burn; also OE. anelen to enamel, prob. influenced by OF. neeler, nieler, to put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. nieller, fr. LL. nigellare to blacken, fr. L. nigellus blackish, dim. of niger black. Cf. Niello, Negro.]

1. To subject to great heat, and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal, for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to toughen.

2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in order to fix the colors laid on them.

ANNEALER
An*neal"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, anneals.

ANNEALING
An*neal"ing, n.

1. The process used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.

2. The burning of metallic colors into glass, earthenware, etc.

ANNECTENT
An*nec"tent, a. Etym: [L. annectere to tie or bind to. See Annex.]

Defn: Connecting; annexing. Owen.

ANNELID; ANNELIDAN An`ne*lid, An*nel"i*dan, a. Etym: [F. annélide, fr. anneler to arrange in rings, OF. anel a ring, fr. L. anellus a ring, dim. of annulus a ring.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annelida. — n.

Defn: One of the Annelida.

ANNELIDA
An*nel"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Annelid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The principal subdivisions are the Chætopoda, including the Oligochæta or earthworms and Polychæta or marine worms; and the Hirudinea or leeches. See Chætopoda.

ANNELIDOUS
An*nel"i*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of the nature of an annelid.

ANNELLATA
An`nel*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Annelida.

ANNELOID
An"ne*loid, n. Etym: [F. annelé ringed + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal resembling an annelid.

ANNEX An*nex", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annexing.] Etym: [F. annexer, fr. L. annexus, p. p. of annectere to tie or bind to; ad + nectere to tie, to fasten together, akin to Skr. nah to bind.]

1. To join or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; — followed by to. "He annexed a codicil to a will." Johnson.

2. To join or add, as a smaller thing to a greater. He annexed a province to his kingdom. Johnson.

3. To attach or connect, as a consequence, condition, etc.; as, to annex a penalty to a prohibition, or punishment to guilt.

Syn.
 — To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See Add.

ANNEX
An*nex", v. i.

Defn: To join; to be united. Tooke.

ANNEX An*nex", n. Etym: [F. annexe, L. annexus, neut. annexum, p. p. of annectere.]

Defn: Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a wing.

ANNEXATION
An`nex*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annexation. See Annex, v. t.]

1. The act of annexing; process of attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union; as, the annexation of Texas to the United States, or of chattels to the freehold.

2. (a) (Law) The union of property with a freehold so as to become a fixture. Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The appropriation of lands or rents to the crown. Wharton.

ANNEXATIONIST
An`nex*a"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who favors annexation.

ANNEXER
An*nex"er, n.

Defn: One who annexes.

ANNEXION An*nex"ion, n. Etym: [L. annexio a tying to, connection: cf. F. annexion.]

Defn: Annexation. [R.] Shak.

ANNEXIONIST
An*nex"ion*ist, n.

Defn: An annexationist. [R.]

ANNEXMENT
An*nex"ment, n.

Defn: The act of annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage. [R.]
Shak.

ANNIHILABLE
An*ni"hi*la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being annihilated.

ANNIHILATE
An*ni"hi*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annihilated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Annihilating.] Etym: [L. annihilare; ad + nihilum, nihil, nothing, ne
hilum (filum) not a thread, nothing at all. Cf. File, a row.]

1. To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the existence of; to cause to cease to be. It impossible for any body to be utterly annihilated. Bacon.

2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists; as, to annihilate a forest by cutting down the trees. "To annihilate the army." Macaulay.

3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force, etc., of; as, to annihilate an argument, law, rights, goodness.

ANNIHILATE
An*ni"hi*late, a.

Defn: Anhilated. [Archaic] Swift.

ANNIHILATION
An*ni`hi*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annihilation.]

1. The act of reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it; as, the annihilation of a corporation.

2. The state of being annihilated. Hooker.

ANNIHILATIONIST
An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist, n. (Theol.)

Defn: One who believes that eternal punishment consists in annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.

ANNIHILATIVE
An*ni"hi*la*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to annihilate; destructive.

ANNIHILATOR
An*ni"hi*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire annihilator.

ANNIHILATORY
An*ni"hi*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Annihilative.

ANNIVERSARILY
An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: Annually. [R.] Bp. Hall.

ANNIVERSARY An`ni*ver"sa*ry, a. Etym: [L. anniversarius; annus year + vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F. anniversaire.]

Defn: Returning with the year, at a stated time; annual; yearly; as, an anniversary feast. Anniversary day (R. C. Ch.). See Anniversary, n., 2. — Anniversary week, that week in the year in which the annual meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston and New York. [Eastern U. S.]

ANNIVERSARY
An`ni*ver"sa*ry, n.; pl. Anniversaries. Etym: [Cf. F. anniversaire.]

1. The annual return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is wont to be celebrated; as, the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The day on which Mass is said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the consecration of a pope.

3. The celebration which takes place on an anniversary day. Dryden.

ANNIVERSE
An"ni*verse, n. Etym: [L. anni versus the turning of a year.]

Defn: Anniversary. [Obs.] Dryden.

ANNODATED
An"no*da`ted, a. Etym: [L. ad to + nodus a knot.] (Her.)

Defn: Curved somewhat in the form of the letter S. Cussans.

ANNO DOMINI An"no Dom"i*ni. Etym: [L., in the year of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. a. d.]

Defn: In the year of the Christian era; as, a. d. 1887.

ANNOMINATE
An*nom"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To name. [R.]

ANNOMINATION
An*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. annominatio. See Agnomination.]

1. Paronomasia; punning.

2. Alliteration. [Obs.] Tyrwhitt.

ANNOTATE
An"no*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annotated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Annotating.] Etym: [L. annotatus; p. p. of annotare to annotate; ad +
notare to mark, nota mark. See Note, n.]

Defn: To explain or criticize by notes; as, to annotate the works of
Bacon.

ANNOTATE
An"no*tate, v. i.

Defn: To make notes or comments; — with on or upon.

ANNOTATION
An`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. annotatio: cf. F. annotation.]

Defn: A note, added by way of comment, or explanation; — usually in the plural; as, annotations on ancient authors, or on a word or a passage.

ANNOTATIONIST
An`no*ta"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An annotator. [R.]

ANNOTATIVE
An"no*ta*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by annotations; of the nature of annotation.

ANNOTATOR
An"no*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A writer of annotations; a commentator.

ANNOTATORY
An*no"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations. [R.]

ANNOTINE
An"no*tine, n. Etym: [L. annotinus a year old.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird one year old, or that has once molted.

ANNOTINOUS
An*not"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. annotinus, fr. annus year.] (Bot.)

Defn: A year old; in Yearly growths.

ANNOTTO; ARNOTTO
An*not"to, Ar*not"to, n. Etym: [Perh. the native name.]

Defn: A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree (Bixa orellana) belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for coloring cheese, butter, etc. [Written also Anatto, Anatta, Annatto, Annotta, etc.]

ANNOUNCE
An*nounce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Announced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Announcing.] Etym: [OF. anoncier, F. annoncer, fr. L. annuntiare; ad
+ nuntiare to report, relate, nuntius messenger, bearer of news. See
Nuncio, and cf. Annunciate.]

1. To give public notice, or first notice of; to make known; to publish; to proclaim. Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was announced through the country by a peal of cannon from the ramparts. Gilpin.

2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence. Publish laws, announce Or life or death. Prior.

Syn. — To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare; promulgate. — To Publish, Announce, Proclaim, Promulgate. We publish what we give openly to the world, either by oral communication or by means of the press; as, to publish abroad the faults of our neighbors. We announce what we declare by anticipation, or make known for the first time; as, to announce the speedy publication of a book; to announce the approach or arrival of a distinguished personage. We proclaim anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to proclaim the news of victory. We promulgate when we proclaim more widely what has before been known by some; as, to promulgate the gospel.

ANNOUNCEMENT
An*nounce"ment, n.

Defn: The act of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces; proclamation; publication.

ANNOUNCER
An*noun"cer, n.

Defn: One who announces.

ANNOY An*noy", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Annoying.] Etym: [OE. anoien, anuien, OF. anoier, anuier, F. ennuyer, fr. OF. anoi, anui, enui, annoyance, vexation, F. ennui. See Annoy, n.] To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to tease; to ruffle in mind; to vex; as, I was annoyed by his remarks. Say, what can more our tortured souls annoy Than to behold, admire, and lose our joy Prior.

2. To molest, incommode, or harm; as, to annoy an army by impeding its march, or by a cannonade.

Syn.
 — To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex; tease.

ANNOY
An*noy", n. Etym: [OE. anoi, anui, OF. anoi, anui, enui, fr. L. in
odio hatred (esse alicui in odio, Cic.). See Ennui, Odium, Noisome,
Noy.]

Defn: A feeling of discomfort or vexation caused by what one dislikes; also, whatever causes such a feeling; as, to work annoy. Worse than Tantalus' is her annoy. Shak.

ANNOYANCE
An*noy"ance, n. Etym: [OF. anoiance, anuiance.]

1. The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed; molestation; vexation; annoy. A deep clay, giving much annoyance to passengers. Fuller. For the further annoyance and terror of any besieged place, they would throw into it dead bodies. Wilkins.

2. That which annoys. A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair, Any annoyance in that precious sense. Shak.

ANNOYER
An*noy"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, annoys.

ANNOYFUL
An*noy"ful, a.

Defn: Annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNOYING
An*noy"ing, a.

Defn: That annoys; molesting; vexatious.
 — An*noy"ing*ly, adv.

ANNOYOUS
An*noy"ous, a. Etym: [OF. enuius, anoios.]

Defn: Troublesome; annoying. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUAL An"nu*al, a. Etym: [OE. annuel, F. annuel, fr. L. annualis, fr. annus year. Cf. Annals.]

1. Of or pertaining to a year; returning every year; coming or happening once in the year; yearly. The annual overflowing of the river [Nile]. Ray.

2. Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by the year; as, the annual motion of the earth. A thousand pound a year, annual support. Shak.

2. Lasting or continuing only one year or one growing season; requiring to be renewed every year; as, an annual plant; annual tickets. Bacon.

ANNUAL
An"nu*al, n.

1. A thing happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work published once a year.

2. Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one year or season; an annual plant. Oaths . . . in some sense almost annuals; . . . and I myself can remember about forty different sets. Swift.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A Mass for a deceased person or for some special object, said daily for a year or on the anniversary day.

ANNUALIST
An"nu*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who writes for, or who edits, an annual. [R.]

ANNUALLY
An"nu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Yearly; year by year.

ANNUARY
An"nu*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. annuaire.]

Defn: Annual. [Obs.] — n.

Defn: A yearbook.

ANNUELER
An"nu*el*er, n.

Defn: A priest employed in saying annuals, or anniversary Masses.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUENT An"nu*ent, a. Etym: [L. annuens, p. pr. of annuere; ad + nuere to nod.]

Defn: Nodding; as, annuent muscles (used in nodding).

ANNUITANT
An*nu"i*tant, n. Etym: [See Annuity.]

Defn: One who receives, or its entitled to receive, an annuity. Lamb.

ANNUITY An*nu"i*ty, n.; pl. Annuities. Etym: [LL. annuitas, fr. L. annus year: cf. F. annuité.]

Defn: A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or forever; an annual allowance.

ANNUL
An*nul", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Annulling.]
Etym: [F. annuler, LL. annullare, annulare, fr. L. ad to + nullus
none, nullum, neut., nothing. See Null, a.]

1. To reduce to nothing; to obliterate. Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct. And all her various objects of delight Annulled. Milton.

2. To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to abolish; to do away with; — used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component authority. Do they mean to annul laws of inestimable value to our liberties Burke.

Syn. — To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke; nullify; destroy. See Abolish.

ANNULAR An"nu*lar, a. Etym: [L. annularis, fr. annulis ring: cf. F. annulaire.]

1. Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ring-shaped; as, annular fibers.

2. Banded or marked with circles. Annular eclipse (Astron.), an eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete ring of light around the border.

ANNULARITY
An`nu*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: Annular condition or form; as, the annularity of a nebula. J.
Rogers.

ANNULARRY
An"nu*lar*ry, adv.

Defn: In an annular manner.

ANNULARY
An"nu*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. annularis. See Annular.]

Defn: Having the form of a ring; annular. Ray.

ANNULATA
An`nu*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. L. annulatus ringed.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of articulate animals, nearly equivalent to Annelida, including the marine annelids, earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma, leeches, etc. See Annelida.

ANNULATE
An"nu*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Annulata.

ANNULATE; ANNULATED
An"nu*late, An"nu*la`ted a. Etym: [L. annulatus.]

1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed; surrounded by rings of color.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annulata.

ANNULATION
An`nu*la"tion, n.

Defn: A circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt. Nicholson.

ANNULET
An"nu*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of annulus.]

1. A little ring. Tennyson.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A small, flat fillet, encircling a column, etc., used by itself, or with other moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric capital.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A little circle borne as a charge.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A narrow circle of some distinct color on a surface or round an organ.

ANNULLABLE
An*nul"la*ble, a.

Defn: That may be Annulled.

ANNULLER
An*nul"ler, n.

Defn: One who annuls. [R.]

ANNULMENT
An*nul"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. annulement.]

Defn: The act of annulling; abolition; invalidation.

ANNULOID
An"nu*loid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annuloida.

ANNULOIDA
An`nu*loid"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. annulus ring + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Articulata, including the annelids and allied groups; sometimes made to include also the helminths and echinoderms. [Written also Annuloidea.]

ANNULOSA
An"nu*lo"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the Articulata. It includes the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some zoölogists it is applied to the former only.

ANNULOSAN
An`nu*lo"san, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Annulosa.

ANNULOSE
An"nu*lose` (, a. Etym: [L. annulus ring.]

1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings or ringlike segments; ringed.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Annulosa.

ANNULUS
An"nu*lus, n.; pl. Annuli. Etym: [L.]

1. A ring; a ringlike part or space.

2. (Geom.) (a) A space contained between the circumferences of two circles, one within the other. (b) The solid formed by a circle revolving around a line which is the plane of the circle but does not cut it.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ring-shaped structures or markings, found in, or upon, various animals.

ANNUMERATE
An*nu"mer*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. annumeratus, p. p. of annumerare. See
Numerate.]

Defn: To add on; to count in. [Obs.] Wollaston.

ANNUMERATION
An*nu`mer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. annumeratio.]

Defn: Addition to a former number. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ANNUNCIABLE
An*nun"ci*a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be announced or declared; declarable. [R.]

ANNUNCIATE
An*nun"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Annunciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Annunciating.] Etym: [L. annuntiare. See Announce.]

Defn: To announce.

ANNUNCIATE
An*nun"ci*ate, p. p. & a.

Defn: Foretold; preannounced. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANNUNCIATION
An*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. annuntiatio: cf. F. annonciation.]

1. The act of announcing; announcement; proclamation; as, the annunciation of peace.

2. (Eccl.) (a) The announcement of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary. (b) The festival celebrated (March 25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc., in memory of the angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day.

ANNUNCIATION LILY
An*nun`ci*a"tion lil"y. (Bot.)

Defn: The common white lily (Lilium candidum). So called because it is usually introduced by painters in pictures of the Annunciation.

ANNUNCIATIVE
An*nun"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to annunciation; announcing. [R.] Dr. H. More.

ANNUNCIATOR
An*nun"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. annuntiator.]

1. One who announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the festivals to be celebrated.

2. An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates the room where attendance is wanted.

ANNUNCIATORY
An*nun"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making known. [R.]

ANOA
A*noa", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small wild ox of Celebes (Anoa depressicornis), allied to the buffalo, but having long nearly straight horns.

ANODE
An"ode, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: The positive pole of an electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; — opposed to cathode.

ANODON
An"o*don, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water bivalves, having to teeth at the hinge.
[Written also Anodonta.]

ANODYNE
An"o*dyne, a. Etym: [L. anodynus, Gr. anodin.]

Defn: Serving to assuage pain; soothing.
The anodyne draught of oblivion. Burke.

Note: "The word [in a medical sense] in chiefly applied to the different preparations of opium, belladonna, hyoscyamus, and lettuce." Am. Cyc.

ANODYNE
An"o*dyne, n. Etym: [L. anodynon. See Anodyne, a.]

Defn: Any medicine which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic; anything that soothes disturbed feelings.

ANODYNOUS
An"o*dy`nous, a.

Defn: Anodyne.

ANOETIC
An`o*et"ic, a. [Gr. unthinkable; priv. + perceptible, thinkable.]

1. Unthinkable. [Rare]

2. (Psychol.) Not subject to conscious attention; having an indefinite, relatively passive, conscious being; characteristic of the "fringe" or "margin" of consciousness.

Presentation considered as having an existence relatively independent
of thought, may be called sentience, or anoetic consciousness.
Thought and sentience are fundamentally distinct mental functions.
G. F. Stout.

ANOIL
A*noil", v. t. Etym: [OF. enoilier.]

Defn: The anoint with oil. [Obs.] Holinshed.

ANOINT
A*noint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Anointing.]
Etym: [OF. enoint, p. p. of enoindre, fr. L. inungere; in + ungere,
unguere, to smear, anoint. See Ointment, Unguent.]

1. To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to
spread over, as oil.
And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs anoint. Dryden.
He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay. John ix. 6.

2. To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration. Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it upon his [Aaron's] head and anoint him. Exod. xxix. 7. Anoint Hazael to be king over Syria. 1 Kings xix. 15. The Lord's Anointed, Christ or the Messiah; also, a Jewish or other king by "divine right." 1 Sam. xxvi. 9.

ANOINT
A*noint", p. p.

Defn: Anointed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ANOINTER
A*noint"er, n.

Defn: One who anoints.

ANOINTMENT
A*noint"ment, n.

Defn: The act of anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an ointment. Milton.

ANOLIS
A*no"lis, n. Etym: [In the Antilles, anoli, anoalli, a lizard.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lizards which belong to the family Iguanidæ. They take the place in the New World of the chameleons in the Old, and in America are often called chameleons.

ANOMAL
A*nom"al, n.

Defn: Anything anomalous. [R.]

ANOMALIPED; ANOMALIPEDE A*nom"a*li*ped(#), A*nom"a*li*pede, a. Etym: [L. anomalus irregular + pes, pedis, foot.]

Defn: Having anomalous feet.

ANOMALIPED
A*nom"a*li*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more or less united to the outer and inner ones.

ANOMALISM
A*nom"a*lism, n.

Defn: An anomaly; a deviation from rule. Hooker.

ANOMALISTIC; ANOMALISTICAL
A*nom`a*lis"tic, A*nom`a*lis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. anomalistique.]

1. Irregular; departing from common or established rules.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: Pertaining to the anomaly, or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion. Anomalistic month. See under Month. — Anomalistic revolution, the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in its elliptic orbit to the same again. — Anomalistic, or Periodical year. See under Year.

ANOMALISTICALLY
A*nom`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With irregularity.

ANOMALOFLOROUS A*nom`a*lo*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. anomalus irregular + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having anomalous flowers.

ANOMALOUS
A*nom"a*lous, a Etym: [L. anomalus, Gr. Same, and cf. Abnormal.]

Defn: Deviating from a general rule, method, or analogy; abnormal; irregular; as, an anomalous proceeding.

ANOMALOUSLY
A*nom"a*lous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anomalous manner.

ANOMALOUSNESS
A*nom"a*lous*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being anomalous.

ANOMALY
A*nom"a*ly, n.; pl. Anomalies. Etym: [L. anomalia, Gr. Anomalous.]

1. Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity; anything anomalous. We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various anomalies and contending principles that are found in the minds and affairs of men. Burke. As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater anomaly in nature than a bird that can not fly. Darwin.

2. (Astron.) (a) The angular distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun. This is the true anomaly. The eccentric anomaly is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic orbit of the planet. The mean anomaly is what the anomaly would be if the planet's angular motion were uniform. (b) The angle measuring apparent irregularities in the motion of a planet.

3. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Any deviation from the essential characteristics of a specific type.

ANOMIA
A*no"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve shells, allied to the oyster, so called from their unequal valves, of which the lower is perforated for attachment.

ANOMOPHYLLOUS
An`o*moph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having leaves irregularly placed.

ANOMURA; ANOMOURA
An`o*mu"ra, An`o*mou"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of decapod Crustacea, of which the hermit crab in an example.

ANOMURAL; ANOMURAN
An`o*mu"ral, An`o*mu"ran, a.

Defn: Irregular in the character of the tail or abdomen; as, the anomural crustaceans. [Written also anomoural, anomouran.]

ANOMURAN
An`o*mu"ran, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Anomura.

ANOMY
An"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Anomia.]

Defn: Disregard or violation of law. [R.] Glanvill.

ANON
A*non", adv. Etym: [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr.
AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]

1. Straightway; at once. [Obs.] The same is he that heareth the word, and anon with joy receiveth it. Matt. xiii. 20.

2. Soon; in a little while. As it shall better appear anon. Stow.

3. At another time; then; again.
Sometimes he trots, . . . anon he rears upright. Shak.
Anon right, at once; right off. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 — Ever and anon, now and then; frequently; often.
A pouncet box, which ever and anon He gave his nose. Shak.

ANONA
A*no"na, n. Etym: [NL. Cf. Ananas.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order
Anonaceæ, including the soursop.

ANONACEOUS
An`o*na"ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the order of plants including the soursop, custard apple, etc.

ANONYM
An"o*nym, n. Etym: [F. anonyme. See Anonymous.]

1. One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for "pseudonym."

2. A notion which has no name, or which can not be expressed by a single English word. [R.] J. R. Seeley.

ANONYMITY
An`o*nym"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being anonymous; anonymousness; also, that which anonymous. [R.] He rigorously insisted upon the rights of anonymity. Carlyle.

ANONYMOUS
A*non"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Name.]

Defn: Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown /or unavowed authorship; as, an anonymous benefactor; an anonymous pamphlet or letter.

ANONYMOUSLY
A*non"y*mous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anonymous manner; without a name. Swift.

ANONYMOUSNESS
A*non"y*mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being anonymous. Coleridge.

ANOPHELES A*noph"e*les (a*nof"e*lez), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'anwfelh`s useless, hurtful.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of mosquitoes which are secondary hosts of the malaria parasites, and whose bite is the usual, if not the only, means of infecting human beings with malaria. Several species are found in the United States. They may be distinguished from the ordinary mosquitoes of the genus Culex by the long slender palpi, nearly equaling the beak in length, while those of the female Culex are very short. They also assume different positions when resting, Culex usually holding the body parallel to the surface on which it rests and keeping the head and beak bent at an angle, while Anopheles holds the body at an angle with the surface and the head and beak in line with it. Unless they become themselves infected by previously biting a subject affected with malaria, the insects cannot transmit the disease.

ANOPHYTE
An"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A moss or mosslike plant which cellular stems, having usually an upward growth and distinct leaves.

ANOPLA
An"o*pla, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two orders of Nemerteans. See Nemertina.

ANOPLOTHERE; ANOPLOTHERIUM
An*op"lo*there, An`o*plo*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct quadrupeds of the order Ungulata, whose were first found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the name).

ANOPLURA
An`o*plu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of insects which includes the lice.

ANOPSIA; ANOPSY
A*nop"si*a, An"op`sy, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want or defect of sight; blindness.

ANOREXIA; ANOREXY
An`o*rex"i*a, An"o*rex`y n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want of appetite, without a loathing of food. Coxe.

ANORMAL
A*nor"mal, a. Etym: [F. anormal. See Abnormal, Normal.]

Defn: Not according to rule; abnormal. [Obs.]

ANORN
A*norn, v. t. Etym: [OF. aörner, aöurner, fr. L. adornare to adorn.
The form a-ourne was corrupted into anourne.]

Defn: To adorn. [Obs.] Bp. Watson.

ANORTHIC
A*nor"thic, a. Etym: [See Anorthite.] (Min.)

Defn: Having unequal oblique axes; as, anorthic crystals.

ANORTHITE
A*nor"thite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly occurring in small glassy crystals, also a constituent of some igneous rocks. It is a lime feldspar. See Feldspar.

ANORTHOCLASE
A*nor"tho*clase, n. [Gr. priv. + orthoclase.] (Min.)

Defn: A feldspar closely related to orthoclase, but triclinic. It is chiefly a silicate of sodium, potassium, and aluminium. Sp. gr., 2.57 — 2.60.

ANORTHOPIA
An`or*tho"pi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. priv. + ortho- + Gr. , , the eye.]
(Med.)

Defn: Distorted vision, in which straight lines appear bent.

ANORTHOSCOPE
A*nor"tho*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An optical toy for producing amusing figures or pictures by means of two revolving disks, on one of which distorted figures are painted.

ANORTHOSITE A*nor"tho*site, n. [F. anorthose triclinic feldspar (fr. Gr. priv. + straight) + -ite.] (Petrol.)

Defn: A granular igneous rock composed almost exclusively of a soda- lime feldspar, usually labradorite.

ANOSMIA
A*nos"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the sense of smell.

ANOTHER
An*oth"er, pron. & a. Etym: [An a, one + other.]

1. One more, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect. Another yet! — a seventh! I 'll see no more. Shak. Would serve to scale another Hero's tower. Shak.

2. Not the same; different. He winks, and turns his lips another way. Shak.

3. Any or some; any different person, indefinitely; any one else;
some one else.
Let another man praise thee, and not thine own mouth. Prov. xxvii. 2.
While I am coming, another steppeth down before me. John v. 7.

Note: As a pronoun another may have a possessive another's, pl. others, poss. pl. other'. It is much used in opposition to one; as, one went one way, another another. It is also used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as, "love one another," that is, let each love the other or others. "These two imparadised in one another's arms." Milton.

ANOTHER-GAINES
An*oth"er-gaines`, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. another-gates.]

Defn: Of another kind. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

ANOTHER-GATES
An*oth"er-gates`, a. Etym: [Another + gate, or gait, way. Cf.
Algates.]

Defn: Of another sort. [Obs.] "Another-gates adventure." Hudibras.

ANOTHER-GUESS
An*oth"er-guess, a. Etym: [Corrupted fr. another-gates.]

Defn: Of another sort. [Archaic]
It used to go in another-guess manner. Arbuthnot.

ANOTTA
A*not"ta, n.

Defn: See Annotto.

ANOURA
An*ou"ra, n.

Defn: See Anura.

ANOUROUS
An*ou"rous, a.

Defn: See Anurous.

ANOXAEMIA; ANOXEMIA An`ox*æ"mi*a, An`ox*e"mi*a, n. [NL.; Gr. priv. + oxygen + Gr. blood.] (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal condition due to deficient aëration of the blood, as in balloon sickness, mountain sickness. — An`ox*æ"mic, *e"mic (#), a.

ANSA
An"sa, n.; pl. Ansæ. Etym: [L., a handle.] (Astron.)

Defn: A name given to either of the projecting ends of Saturn's ring.

ANSATED
An"sa*ted, a. Etym: [L. ansatus, fr. ansa a handle.]

Defn: Having a handle. Johnson.

ANSERATED
An"ser*a`ted, a. (Her.)

Defn: Having the extremities terminate in the heads of eagles, lions, etc.; as, an anserated cross.

ANSERES
An"se*res, n. pl. Etym: [L., geese.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnæan order of aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed feet, as the duck, or of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were included the geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc.

ANSERIFORMES
An`se*ri*for"mes, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the geese, ducks, and closely allied forms.

ANSERINE
An"ser*ine, a Etym: [L. anserinus, fr. anser a goose.]

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the skin of a goose.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Anseres.

ANSEROUS
An"ser*ous, a. Etym: [L. anser a goose.]

Defn: Resembling a goose; silly; simple. Sydney Smith.

ANSWER
An"swer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Answered; p. pr. & vb. n. Answering.]
Etym: [OE. andswerien, AS. andswerian, andswarian, to answer, fr.
andswaru, n., answer. See Answer, n.]

1. To speak in defense against; to reply to in defense; as, to answer a charge; to answer an accusation.

2. To speak or write in return to, as in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond to. She answers him as if she knew his mind. Shak. So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . . And him thus answered soon his bold compeer. Milton.

3. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification, and the like; to refute. No man was able to answer him a word. Matt. xxii. 46. These shifts refuted, answer thine appellant. Milton. The reasoning was not and could not be answered. Macaulay.

4. To be or act in return or response to. Hence: (a) To be or act in compliance with, in fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand; as, he answered my claim upon him; the servant answered the bell. This proud king . . . studies day and night To answer all the debts he owes unto you. Shak.

(b) To render account to or for. I will . . . send him to answer thee. Shak.

(c) To atone; to be punished for. And grievously hath Cæzar answered it. Shak.

(d) To be opposite to; to face. The windows answering each other, we could just discern the glowing horizon them. Gilpin.

(e) To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay. [R.] Money answereth all things. Eccles. x. 19.

(f) To be or act in accommodation, conformity, relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit. Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they answered the bulk of so prodigious a person. Swift.

ANSWER
An"swer, v. i.

1. To speak or write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to make response. There was no voice, nor any that answered. 1 Kings xviii. 26.

2. To make a satisfactory response or return. Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be accountable; to make amends; as, the man must answer to his employer for the money intrusted to his care. Let his neck answer for it, if there is any martial law. Shak.

3. To be or act in return. Hence: (a) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment, reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as, gypsum answers as a manure on some soils. Do the strings answer to thy noble hand Dryden.

(b) To be opposite, or to act in opposition. (c) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate or sufficient; as, a very few will answer. (d) To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; — usually with to. That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the place answer to convenience. Shak. If this but answer to my just belief, I 'll remember you. Shak. As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of man to man. Pro

ANSWER An"swer, n. Etym: [OE. andsware, AS. andswaru; and against + swerian to swear. Anti-, and Swear, and cf. 1st un-.]

1. A reply to a change; a defense. At my first answer no man stood with me. 2 Tim. iv. 16.

2. Something said or written in reply to a question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a reply. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Prov. xv. 1. I called him, but he gave me no answer. Cant. v. 6.

3. Something done in return for, or in consequence of, something else; a responsive action. Great the slaughter is Here made by the Roman; great the answer be Britons must take. Shak.

4. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation; as, the answer to a problem.

5. (Law)

Defn: A counter-statement of facts in a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a question. In Equity, it is the usual form of defense to the complainant's charges in his bill. Bouvier.

Syn.
 — Reply; rejoinder; response. See Reply.

ANSWERABLE
An"swer*a*ble, a.

1. Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible; as, an agent is answerable to his principal; to be answerable for a debt, or for damages. Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished, but is answerable only to God Swift.

2. Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting a satisfactory answer. The argument, though subtle, is yet answerable. Johnson.

3. Correspondent; conformable; hence, comparable.
What wit and policy of man is answerable to their discreet and
orderly course Holland.
This revelation . . . was answerable to that of the apostle to the
Thessalonians. Milton.

4. Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; as, an achievement answerable to the preparation for it.

5. Equal; equivalent; adequate. [Archaic] Had the valor of his soldiers been answerable, he had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of Britain. Milton.

ANSWERABLENESS
An"swer*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.

ANSWERABLY
An"swer*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence; suitably.

ANSWERER
An"swer*er, n.

Defn: One who answers.

ANSWERLESS
An"swer*less, a.

Defn: Having no answer, or impossible to be answered. Byron.

AN 'T
An 't.

Defn: An it, that is, and it or if it. See An, conj. [Obs.]

AN'T
An't.

Defn: A contraction for are and am not; also used for is not; — now usually written ain't. [Colloq. & illiterate speech.]

ANT-
Ant-.

Defn: See Anti-, prefix.

-ANT -ant. Etym: [F. -ant, fr. L. -antem or -entem, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly from L. -antem.]

Defn: A suffix sometimes marking the agent for action; as, merchant, covenant, servant, pleasant, etc. Cf. -ent.

ANT
Ant, n. Etym: [OE. ante, amete, emete, AS. æmete akin to G. ameise.
Cf. Emmet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hymenopterous insect of the Linnæan genus Formica, which is now made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.

Note: Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or working ants, besides the males and females; the former are without wings. Ants live together in swarms, usually raising hillocks of earth, variously chambered within, where they maintain a perfect system of order, store their provisions, and nurture their young. There are many species, with diverse habits, as agricultural ants, carpenter ants, honey ants, foraging ants, amazon ants, etc. The white ants or Termites belong to the Neuroptera. Ant bird (Zoöl.), one of a very extensive group of South American birds (Formicariidæ), which live on ants. The family includes many species, some of which are called ant shrikes, ant thrushes, and ant wrens. — Ant rice (Bot.), a species of grass (Aristida oligantha) cultivated by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its seed.

ANTA
An"ta, n.; pl. Antæ. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: A species of pier produced by thickening a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster, with capital and base.

Note: Porches, when columns stand between two antæ, are called in
Latin in antis.

ANTACID
Ant*ac"id, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acid.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent.
 — a.

Defn: Counteractive of acidity.

ANTACRID
Ant*ac"rid, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + acrid.]

Defn: Corrective of acrimony of the humors.

ANTAEAN
An*tæ"an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Antæus, a giant athlete slain by Hercules.

ANTAGONISM
An*tag"o*nism, n. Etym: [Gr. antagonisme. See Agony.]

Defn: Opposition of action; counteraction or contrariety of things or principles.

Note: We speak of antagonism between two things, to or against a thing, and sometimes with a thing.

ANTAGONIST
An*tag"o*nist, n. Etym: [L. antagonista, Gr. antagoniste. See
Antagonism.]

1. One who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary;
an opponent.
Antagonist of Heaven's Almigthy King. Milton.
Our antagonists in these controversies. Hooker.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which acts in opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a part, is the antagonist of an extensor, which extends it.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which opposes the action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the blood or tissues.

Syn.
 — Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See Adversary.

ANTAGONIST
An*tag"o*nist, a.

Defn: Antagonistic; opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools of philosophy.

ANTAGONISTIC; ANTAGONISTICAL
An*tag`o*nis"tic, An*tag`o*nis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against;
as, antagonistic forces.
 — An*tag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv.
They were distinct, adverse, even antagonistic. Milman.

ANTAGONIZE
An*tag"o*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antagonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Antagonozing.] Etym: [Gr. Antagonism.]

Defn: To contend with; to oppose actively; to counteract.

ANTAGONIZE
An*tag"o*nize, v. i.

Defn: To act in opposition.

ANTAGONY
An*tag"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. antagonie. See Antagonism.]

Defn: Contest; opposition; antagonism. [Obs.]
Antagony that is between Christ and Belial. Milton.

ANTALGIC
An*tal"gic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. antalgique.] (Med.)

Defn: Alleviating pain.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine to alleviate pain; an anodyne. [R.]

ANTALKALI; ANTALKALINE
Ant*al"ka*li, Ant*al"ka*line, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + alkali.]

Defn: Anything that neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline tendency in the system. Hoopplw.

ANTALKALINE
Ant*al"ka*line, a.

Defn: Of power to counteract alkalies.

ANTAMBULACRAL
Ant*am`bu*la"cral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Away from the ambulacral region.

ANTANACLASIS Ant`an*a*cla"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. Anaclastic.] (Rhet.) (a) A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a different sense; as, Learn some craft when young, that when old you may live without craft. (b) A repetition of words beginning a sentence, after a long parenthesis; as, Shall that heart (which not only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in them), shall that heart, etc.

ANTANAGOGE
Ant`an*a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + anagoge.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure which consists in answering the charge of an adversary, by a counter charge.

ANTAPHRODISIAC
Ant`aph*ro*dis"i*ac, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + aphrodisiac.] (Med.)

Defn: Capable of blunting the venereal appetite.
 — n.

Defn: Anything that quells the venereal appetite.

ANTAPHRODITIC
Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. antaphroditique.]
(Med.)

1. Antaphrodisiac.

2. Antisyphilitic. [R.]

ANTAPHRODITIC
Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, n.

Defn: An antaphroditic medicine.

ANTAPOPLECTIC
Ant`ap*o*plec"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + apoplectic.] (Med.)

Defn: Good against apoplexy.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine used against apoplexy.

ANTARCHISM
Ant*ar"chism, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Opposition to government in general. [R.]

ANTARCHIST
Ant*ar"chist, n.

Defn: One who opposes all government. [R.]

ANTARCHISTIC; ANTARCHISTICAL
Ant`ar*chis"tic, Ant`ar*chis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to all human government. [R.]

ANTARCTIC
Ant*arc"tic, a. Etym: [OE. antartik, OF. antartique, F. antarctique,
L. antarcticus, fr. Gr. Arctic.]

Defn: Opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from the pole 23º 28min. Thus we say the antarctic pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.

ANTARES
An*ta"res, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The principal star in Scorpio: — called also the Scorpion's
Heart.

ANTARTHRITIC
Ant`ar*thrit"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + arthritic.] (Med.)
Counteracting or alleviating gout.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy against gout.

ANTASTHMATIC Ant`asth*mat"ic ( or ; see Asthma; 277), a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + asthmatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Opposing, or fitted to relieve, asthma. — n.

Defn: A remedy for asthma.

ANT-BEAR
Ant"-bear`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An edentate animal of tropical America (the Tamanoir), living on ants. It belongs to the genus Myrmecophaga.

ANT BIRD
Ant" bird, (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ant bird, under Ant, n.

ANT-CATTLE
Ant"-cat`tle, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Various kinds of plant lice or aphids tended by ants for the sake of the honeydew which they secrete. See Aphips.

ANT COW
Ant cow. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aphid from which ants obtain honeydew.

ANTE-
An"te-.

Defn: A Latin preposition and prefix; akin to Gr. anti, Goth. and-, anda- (only in comp.), AS. and-, ond-, (only in comp.: cf. Answer, Along), G. ant-, ent- (in comp.). The Latin ante is generally used in the sense of before, in regard to position, order, or time, and the Gr. opposite, or in the place of.

ANTE
An"te, n. (Poker Playing)

Defn: Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before (ante) the game begins.

ANTE
An"te, v. t. & i.

Defn: To put up (an ante).

ANTEACT
An"te*act`, n.

Defn: A preceding act.

ANTEAL
An"te*al, a. Etym: [antea, ante, before. Cf. Ancient.]

Defn: Being before, or in front. [R.] J. Fleming.

ANT-EATER
Ant"-eat`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of edentates and monotremes that feed upon ants. See Ant-bear, Pangolin, Aard-vark, and Echidna.

ANTECEDANEOUS
An`te*ce*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [See Antecede.]

Defn: Antecedent; preceding in time. "Capable of antecedaneous proof." Barrow.

ANTECEDE
An`te*cede", v. t. & i. Etym: [L. antecedere; ante + cedere to go.
See Cede.]

Defn: To go before in time or place; to precede; to surpass. Sir M.
Hale.

ANTECEDENCE
An`te*ced"ence, n.

1. The act or state of going before in time; precedence. H. Spenser.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: An apparent motion of a planet toward the west; retrogradation.

ANTECEDENCY
An`te*ced"en*cy, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being antecedent; priority.
Fothherby.

ANTECEDENT An`te*ced"ent, a. Etym: [L. antecedens, -entis, p. pr. of antecedere: cf. F. antécédent.]

1. Going before in time; prior; anterior; preceding; as, an event antecedent to the Deluge; an antecedent cause.

2. Presumptive; as, an antecedent improbability.

Syn.
 — Prior; previous; foregoing.

ANTECEDENT
An`te*ced"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. F. antécédent.]

1. That which goes before in time; that which precedes. South. The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has surely its antecedents. Max Miller.

2. One who precedes or goes in front. [Obs.] My antecedent, or my gentleman usher. Massinger.

3. pl.

Defn: The earlier events of one's life; previous principles, conduct, course, history. J. H. Newman. If the troops . . . prove worthy of their antecedents, the victory is surely ours. Gen. G. McClellan.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: The noun to which a relative refers; as, in the sentence "Solomon was the prince who built the temple," prince is the antecedent of who.

5. (Logic) (a) The first or conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; as, If the earth is fixed, the sun must move. (b) The first of the two propositions which constitute an enthymeme or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal; therefore the king must die.

6. (Math.)

Defn: The first of the two terms of a ratio; the first or third of the four terms of a proportion. In the ratio a:b, a is the antecedent, and b the consequent.

ANTECEDENTLY
An`te*ced"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; as, antecedently to conversion. Barrow.

ANTECESSOR
An`te*ces"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. antecedere, antecessum. See
Antecede, Ancestor.]

1. One who goes before; a predecessor. The successor seldom prosecuting his antecessor's devices. Sir E. Sandys.

2. An ancestor; a progenitor. [Obs.]

ANTECHAMBER
An"te*cham`ber, n. Etym: [Cf. F. antichambre.]

1. A chamber or apartment before the chief apartment and leading into it, in which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See Lobby.

2. A space viewed as the outer chamber or the entrance to an interior part. The mouth, the antechamber to the digestive canal. Todd & Bowman.

ANTECHAPEL
An"te*chap`el, n.

Defn: The outer part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel.
Shipley.

ANTECHOIR An"te*choir`, n. (Arch.) (a) A space inclosed or reserved at the entrance to the choir, for the clergy and choristers. (b) Where a choir is divided, as in some Spanish churches, that division of it which is the farther from the sanctuary.

ANTECIANS
An*te"cians, n. pl.

Defn: See Ant.

ANTECOMMUNION
An`te*com*mun"ion, n.

Defn: A name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements.

ANTECURSOR An`te*cur"sor, n. Etym: [L., fr. antecurrere to run before; ante + currere to run.]

Defn: A forerunner; a precursor. [Obs.]

ANTEDATE
An"te*date`, n.

1. Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual date.

2. Anticipation. [Obs.] Donne.

ANTEDATE
An"te*date`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Antedated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Antedating.]

1. To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date; thus, to antedate a deed or a bond is to give it a date anterior to the true time of its execution.

2. To precede in time.

3. To anticipate; to make before the true time. And antedate the bliss above. Pope. Who rather rose the day to antedate. Wordsworth.

ANTEDILUVIAL
An`te*di*lu"vi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ante- + diluvial.]

Defn: Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time.

ANTEDILUVIAN
An`te*di*lu"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time; hence, antiquated; as, an antediluvian vehicle. — n.

Defn: One who lived before the Deluge.

ANTEFACT
An"te*fact`, n.

Defn: Something done before another act. [Obs.]

ANTEFIX An"te*fix`, n.; pl. E. Antefixes; L. Antefixa. Etym: [L. ante + fixus fixed.] (Arch.) (a) An ornament fixed upon a frieze. (b) An ornament at the eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles of the roof. (c) An ornament of the cymatium of a classic cornice, sometimes pierced for the escape of water.

ANTEFLEXION
An`te*flex"ion, n. (Med.)

Defn: A displacement forward of an organ, esp. the uterus, in such manner that its axis is bent upon itself. T. G. Thomas.

ANT EGG
Ant" egg`.

Defn: One of the small white egg-shaped pupæ or cocoons of the ant, often seen in or about ant-hills, and popularly supposed to be eggs.

ANTELOPE
An"te*lope, n. Etym: [OF. antelop, F. antilope, fro Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and the goat. The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There are many species in Africa and Asia. The antelope and wolf both fierce and fell. Spenser.

Note: The common or bezoar antelope of India is Antilope bezoartica.
The chamois of the Alps, the gazelle, the addax, and the eland are
other species. See Gazelle. The pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra
Americana) is found in the Rocky Mountains. See Pronghorn.

ANTELUCAN
An`te*lu"can, a. Etym: [L. antelucanus; ante + lux light.]

Defn: Held or being before light; — a word applied to assemblies of Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light in the morning. "Antelucan worship." De Quincey.

ANTEMERIDIAN An`te*me*rid"i*an, a. Etym: [L. antemeridianus; ante + meridianus belonging to midday or noon. See Meridian.]

Defn: Being before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev. a. m.)

ANTEMETIC
Ant`e*met"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + emetic.] (Med.)

Defn: Tending to check vomiting.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy to check or allay vomiting.

ANTE MORTEM
An`te mor"tem. [L.]

Defn: Before death; — generally used adjectivelly; as, an ante- mortem statement; ante-mortem examination.

The ante-mortem statement, or dying declaration made in view of death, by one injured, as to the cause and manner of the injury, is often receivable in evidence against one charged with causing the death.

ANTEMOSAIC
An`te*mo*sa"ic, a.

Defn: Being before the time of Moses.

ANTEMUNDANE
An`te*mun"dane, a.

Defn: Being or occurring before the creation of the world. Young.

ANTEMURAL
An`te*mu"ral, n. Etym: [L. antemurale: ante + murus wall. See Mural.]

Defn: An outwork of a strong, high wall, with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for defending the entrance.

ANTENATAL
An`te*na"tal, a.

Defn: Before birth. Shelley.

ANTENICENE
An`te*ni"cene, a. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Of or in the Christian church or era, anterior to the first council of Nice, held a. d. 325; as, antenicene faith.

ANTENNA An*ten"na, n.; pl. Antennæ. Etym: [L. antenna sail-yard; NL., a feeler, horn of an insect.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A movable, articulated organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and Crustacea. There are two in the former, and usually four in the latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint. In insects, they are popularly called horns, and also feelers. The term in also applied to similar organs on the heads of other arthropods and of annelids.

ANTENNAL
An*ten"nal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the antennæ. Owen.

ANTENNIFEROUS
An`ten*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Antenna + -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bearing or having antennæ.

ANTENNIFORM
An*ten"ni*form, a. Etym: [Antenna + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like antennæ.

ANTENNULE
An*ten"nule, n. Etym: [Dim. of antenna.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small antenna; — applied to the smaller pair of antennæ or feelers of Crustacea.

ANTENUMBER
An`te*num"ber, n.

Defn: A number that precedes another. [R.] Bacon.

ANTENUPTIAL
An`te*nup"tial, a.

Defn: Preceding marriage; as, an antenuptial agreement. Kent.

ANTEORBITAL
An`te*or"bit*al, a. & n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Antorbital.

ANTEPASCHAL
An`te*pas"chal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before Easter.

ANTEPAST
An"te*past, n. Etym: [Pref. ante- + L. pastus pasture, food. Cf.
Repast.]

Defn: A foretaste.
Antepasts of joy and comforts. Jer. Taylor.

ANTEPENDIUM
An`te*pen"di*um, n. Etym: [LL., fr. L. ante + pendere to hang.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: The hangings or screen in front of the altar; an altar cloth; the frontal. Smollett.

ANTEPENULT; ANTEPENULTIMA An`te*pe"nult, An`te*pe*nult"i*ma, n. Etym: [L. antepaenultima (sc. syllaba) antepenultimate; ante before + paenultimus the last but one; paene almost + ultimus last.] (Pros.)

Defn: The last syllable of a word except two, as -syl in monosyllable.

ANTEPENULTIMATE
An`te*pe*nult"i*mate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the last syllable but two.
 — n.

Defn: The antepenult.

ANTEPHIALTIC
Ant`eph*i*al"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against nightmare.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy nightmare. Dunglison.

ANTEPILEPTIC
Ant`ep*i*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + epileptic.] (Med.)

Defn: Good against epilepsy.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine for epilepsy.

ANTEPONE
An"te*pone, v. t. Etym: [L. anteponere.]

Defn: To put before; to prefer. [Obs.] Bailey.

ANTEPORT
An"te*port, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. anteporta.]

Defn: An outer port, gate, or door.

ANTEPORTICO
An`te*por"ti*co, n.

Defn: An outer porch or vestibule.

ANTEPOSITION
An`te*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. antepositio. See Position.]
(Gram.)

Defn: The placing of a before another, which, by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.

ANTEPRANDIAL
An`te*pran"di*al, a.

Defn: Preceding dinner.

ANTEPREDICAMENT
An`te*pre*dic"a*ment, n. (Logic)

Defn: A prerequisite to a clear understanding of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common terms. Chambers.

ANTERIOR
An*te"ri*or, a. Etym: [L. anterior, comp. of ante before.]

1. Before in time; antecedent. Antigonus, who was anterior to Polybius. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Before, or toward the front, in place; as, the anterior part of the mouth; — opposed to posterior.

Note: In comparative anatomy, anterior often signifies at or toward the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy it is often used for ventral.

Syn.
 — Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former; foregoing.

ANTERIORITY
An*te`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. anterioritas.]

Defn: The state of being anterior or preceding in time or in situation; priority. Pope.

ANTERIORLY
An*te"ri*or*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anterior manner; before.

ANTERO-
An"te*ro-.

Defn: A combining form meaning anterior, front; as, antero-posterior, front and back; antero-lateral, front side, anterior and at the side.

ANTEROOM
An"te*room, n.

Defn: A room before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting room.

ANTES; ANTAE
An"tes, n. pl. Antæ.

Defn: See Anta.

ANTESTATURE
An`te*stat"ure, n. (Fort.)

Defn: A small intrenchment or work of palisades, or of sacks of earth.

ANTESTOMACH
An"te*stom`ach, n.

Defn: A cavity which leads into the stomach, as in birds. Ray.

ANTETEMPLE
An"te*tem`ple, n.

Defn: The portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church.

ANTEVERSION
An`te*ver"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. ante- + L. vertere, versum, to turn.]
(Med.)

Defn: A displacement of an organ, esp. of the uterus, in such manner that its whole axis is directed further forward than usual.

ANTEVERT
An`te*vert", v. t. Etym: [L. antevertere; ante + vertere to turn.]

1. To prevent. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To displace by anteversion.

ANTHELION
Ant*hel"ion, n.; pl. Anthelia. Etym: [Pref. anti + Gr. (Meteor.)

Defn: A halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a cloud or on an opposite fog bank.

ANTHELIX
Ant"he*lix, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Antihelix.

ANTHELMINTIC
An"thel*min"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against intestinal worms.
 — An anthelmintic remedy. [Written also anthelminthic.]

ANTHEM
An"them, n. Etym: [OE. antym, antefne, AS. antefen, fr. LL.
antiphona, fr. Gr. anthaine, anteine, antieune, F. antienne. See
Antiphon.]

1. Formerly, a hymn sung in alternate parts, in present usage, a selection from the Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the liturgy, set to sacred music.

2. A song or hymn of praise. Milton.

ANTHEM
An"them, v. t.

Defn: To celebrate with anthems. [Poet.]
Sweet birds antheming the morn. Keats.

ANTHEMION
An*the"mi*on, Etym: [ fr. Gr.

Defn: A floral ornament. See Palmette.

ANTHEMIS
An"the*mis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Chamomile; a genus of composite, herbaceous plants.

ANTHEMWISE
An"them*wise`, adv.

Defn: Alternately. [Obs.] Bacon.

ANTHER An"ther, n. Etym: [F. anthère, L. anthera a medicine composed of flowers, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of the stamen containing the pollen, or fertilizing
dust, which, when mature, is emitted for the impregnation of the
ovary.
 — An"ther*al, a.

ANTHERIDIUM
An`ther*id"i*um, n.; pl. Anthplwidia. Etym: [Anther + (Bot.)

Defn: The male reproductive apparatus in the lower, consisting of a
cell or other cavity in which spermatozoids are produced; — called
also spermary.
 — An`ther*id"i*al, a.

ANTHERIFEROUS An`ther*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Anther + -ferous.] (Bot.) (a) Producing anthers, as plants. (b) Supporting anthers, as a part of a flower. Gray.

ANTHERIFORM
An*ther"i*form, a. Etym: [Anther + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like an anther; anther-shaped.

ANTHEROGENOUS
An`ther*og"e*nous, a. Etym: [Anther + -genous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Transformed from anthers, as the petals of a double flower.

ANTHEROID
An"ther*oid, a. Etym: [Anther + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling an anther.

ANTHEROZOID; ANTHEROZOOID
An`ther*o*zoid, An`ther*o*zoo"id, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid. See Zooid.]
(Bot.)

Defn: One of the mobile male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptogams.

ANTHESIS
An*the"sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The period or state of full expansion in a flower. Gray.

ANT-HILL
Ant"-hill, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mound thrown up by ants or by termites in forming their nests.

ANTHOBIAN
An*tho"bi*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beetle which feeds on flowers.

ANTHOBRANCHIA
An`tho*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca, in which the gills form a wreath or cluster upon the posterior part of the back. See Nudibranchiata, and Doris.

ANTHOCARPOUS
An`tho*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having some portion of the floral envelopes attached to the pericarp to form the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and the pineapple.

ANTHOCYANIN
An`tho*cy"a*nin, n.

Defn: Same as Anthokyan.

ANTHODIUM
An*tho"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The inflorescence of a compound flower in which many florets are gathered into a involucrate head.

ANTHOGRAPHY
An*thog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of flowers.

ANTHOID
An"thoid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a flower; flowerlike.

ANTHOKYAN
An`tho*ky"an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The blue coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as Cyanin.

ANTHOLITE
An"tho*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil plant, like a petrified flower.

ANTHOLOGICAL
An`tho*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts from different authors, especially the poets. He published a geographical and anthological description of all empires and kingdoms . . . in this terrestrial globe. Wood.

ANTHOLOGIST
An*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who compiles an anthology.

ANTHOLOGY
An*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A discourses on flowers. [R.]

2. A collection of flowers; a garland. [R.]

3. A collection of flowers of literature, that is, beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or epigrams; — particularly applied to a collection of ancient Greek epigrams.

4. (Gr. Ch.)

Defn: A service book containing a selection of pieces for the festival services.

ANTHOMANIA
An`tho*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A extravagant fondness for flowers. [R.]

ANTHONY'S FIRE
An"tho*ny's Fire`.

Defn: See Saint Anthony's Fire, under Saint.

ANTHOPHAGOUS
An*thoph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating flowers; — said of certain insects.

ANTHOPHILOUS
An*thoph"i*lous, a. [Gr. 'a`nqos flower + fi`los loving.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Lit., fond of flowers; hence, feeding upon, or living among, flowers.

ANTHOPHORE
An"tho*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The stipe when developed into an internode between calyx and corolla, as in the Pink family. Gray.

ANTHOPHOROUS
An*thoph"o*rous, a.

Defn: Flower bearing; supporting the flower.

ANTHOPHYLLITE
An*thoph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [NL. anthophyllum clove.]

Defn: A mineral of the hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove
brown color.
 — An`tho*phyl*lit"ic, a.

ANTHORISM
An"tho*rism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A description or definition contrary to that which is given by the adverse party. [R.]

ANTHOTAXY
An"tho*tax`y, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the relative position of flowers; inflorescence.

ANTHOZOA
An`tho*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class of the Coelenterata which includes the corals and sea anemones. The three principal groups or orders are Acyonaria, Actinaria, and Madreporaria.

ANTHOZOAN
An`tho*zo"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Anthozoa.
 — n.

Defn: One of the Anthozoa.

ANTHOZOIC
An"tho*zo"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Anthozoa.

ANTHRACENE
An"thra*cene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A solid hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is in the artificial production of alizarin. [Written also anthracin.]

ANTHRACENE OIL
An"thra*cene oil.

Defn: A heavy green oil (partially solidifying on cooling), which distills over from coal tar at a temperature above 270º. It is the principal source of anthracene.

ANTHRACIC
An*thrac"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to anthrax; as, anthracic blood.

ANTHRACIFEROUS
An`thra*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Yielding anthracite; as, anthraciferous strata.

ANTHRACITE
An"thra*cite, n. Etym: [L. anthracites a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr.
Anthrax.]

Defn: A hard, compact variety of mineral coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist almost wholly of carbon. Also called glance coal and blind coal.

ANTHRACITIC
An"thra*cit"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, anthracite; as, anthracitic formations.

ANTHRACNOSE
An*thrac"nose`, n. [Gr. , , carbuncle + disease.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several fungus diseases, caused by parasitic species of the series Melanconiales, attacking the bean, grape, melon, cotton, and other plants. In the case of the grape, brown concave spots are formed on the stem and fruit, and the disease is called bird's-eye rot.

ANTHRACOID
An"thra*coid, a. Etym: [Anthrax + -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling anthrax in action; of the nature of anthrax; as, an anthracoid microbe.

ANTHRACOMANCY
An"thra*co*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by inspecting a burning coal.

ANTHRACOMETER
An`thra*com"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a mixture.

ANTHRACOMETRIC
An`thra*co*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an anthracometer.

ANTHRACONITE
An*thra"co*nite, n. Etym: [See Anthracite.] (Min.)

Defn: A coal-black marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when rubbed; — called also stinkstone and swinestone.

ANTHRACOSIS
An`thra*co"sis, n. [NL. See Anthrax.] (Med.)

Defn: A chronic lung disease, common among coal miners, due to the inhalation of coal dust; — called also collier's lung and miner's phthisis.

ANTHRAQUINONE
An`thra*qui"none, n. Etym: [Anthracene + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon, C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.

ANTHRAX
An"thrax, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.) (a) A carbuncle. (b) A malignant pustule.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A microscopic, bacterial organism (Bacillus anthracis), resembling transparent rods. [See Illust. under Bacillus.]

3. An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium (Bacillus anthracis), the spores of which constitute the contagious matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also splenic fever.

ANTHRAX VACCINE
An"thrax vac"cine. (Veter.)

Defn: A fluid vaccine obtained by growing a bacterium (Bacterium anthracis) in beef broth. It is used to immunize animals, esp. cattle.

ANTHRENUS
An*thre"nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles, several of which, in the larval state, are very destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common "museum pest" is A. varius; the carpet beetle is A. scrophulariæ. The larvæ are commonly confounded with moths.

ANTHROPIC; ANTHROPICAL
An*throp"ic, An*throp"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or related to man; human. [R.] Owen.

ANTHROPIDAE
An*throp"i*dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group that includes man only.

ANTHROPOCENTRIC
An`thro*po*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Assuming man as the center or ultimate end; — applied to theories of the universe or of any part of it, as the solar system. Draper.

ANTHROPOGENIC
An`thro*po*gen"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthropogeny.

ANTHROPOGENY
An`thro*pog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science or study of human generation, or the origin and development of man.

ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHY
An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*phy, n. [Gr. man + geography.]

Defn: The science of the human species as to geographical distribution and environment. Broadly, it includes industrial, commercial, and political geography, and that part of ethnology which deals with distribution and physical environment. — An`thro*po*ge*og"ra*pher (#), n. — An`thro*po*ge`o*graph"ic*al (#), a.

ANTHROPOGLOT
An*throp"o*glot, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the parrot.

ANTHROPOGRAPHY
An`thro*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: That branch of anthropology which treats of the actual distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which treats historically of the origin and filiation of races and nations. P. Cyc.

ANTHROPOID
An"thro*poid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling man; — applied especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla. — n.

Defn: An anthropoid ape.

ANTHROPOIDAL
An`thro*poid"al, a.

Defn: Anthropoid.

ANTHROPOIDEA
An`thro*poid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Anthropoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes, and man.

ANTHROPOLATRY
An`thro*pol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Man worship.

ANTHROPOLITE
An*throp"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it.

ANTHROPOLOGIC; ANTHROPOLOGICAL
An`thro*po*log"ic, An`thro*po*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of man.
"Anthropologic wisdom." Kingsley.
 — An`thro*po*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTHROPOLOGIST
An`thro*pol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in anthropology.

ANTHROPOLOGY
An`thro*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

1. The science of the structure and functions of the human body.

2. The science of man; — sometimes used in a limited sense to mean the study of man as an object of natural history, or as an animal.

3. That manner of expression by which the inspired writers attribute human parts and passions to God.

ANTHROPOMANCY
An"thro*po*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by the entrails of human being.

ANTHROPOMETRIC; ANTHROPOMETRICAL
An`thro*po*met"ric, An`thro*po*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropometry.

ANTHROPOMETRY
An`thro*pom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -mercy.]

Defn: Measurement of the height and other dimensions of human beings, especially at different ages, or in different races, occupations, etc. Dunglison.

ANTHROPOMORPHA
An`thro*po*mor"pha, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Anthropomorphism.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The manlike, or anthropoid, apes.

ANTHROPOMORPHIC
An`thro*po*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthromorphism. Hadley.
 — An`thro*po*mor"phic*al*ly, adv.

ANTHROPOMORPHISM
An`thro*po*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The representation of the Deity, or of a polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes and affections.

2. The ascription of human characteristics to things not human.

ANTHROPOMORPHIST
An`thro*po*mor"phist, n.

Defn: One who attributes the human form or other human attributes to the Deity or to anything not human.

ANTHROPOMORPHITE
An`thro*po*mor"phite, n.

Defn: One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the Deity or to a polytheistic deity. Taylor. Specifically, one of a sect of ancient heretics who believed that God has a human form, etc. Tillotson.

ANTHROPOMORPHITIC
An`thro*po*mor*phit"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: to anthropomorphism. Kitto.

ANTHROPOMORPHITISM
An`thro*po*mor"phi*tism, n.

Defn: Anthropomorphism. Wordsworth.

ANTHROPOMORPHIZE
An`thro*po*mor"phize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To attribute a human form or personality to.
You may see imaginative children every day anthropomorphizing.
Lowell.

ANTHROPOMORPHOLOGY
An`thro*po*mor*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. See Anthropomorphism.]

Defn: The application to God of terms descriptive of human beings.

ANTHROPOMORPHOSIS
An`thro*po*mor"pho*sis, n.

Defn: Transformation into the form of a human being.

ANTHROPOMORPHOUS
An`thro*po*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Having the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; as, an anthromorphous plant. "Anthromorphous apes." Darwin.

ANTHROPONOMICS; ANTHROPONOMY An`thro*po*nom"ics, An`thro*pon"o*my, n. [Gr. man + usage, law, rule.]

Defn: The science of the laws of the development of the human organism in relation to other organisms and to environment. — An`thro*po*nom"ic*al (#), a.

ANTHROPOPATHIC; ANTHROPOPATHICAL
An`thro*po*path"ic, An`thro*po*path"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to anthropopathy. [R.] —
An`thro*po*path"ic*al*ly, adv.
The daring anthropopathic imagery by which the prophets often
represent God as chiding, upbraiding, threatening. H. Rogers.

ANTHROPOPATHISM; ANTHROPOPATHY
An`thro*pop"a*thism, An`thro*pop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The ascription of human feelings or passions to God, or to a
polytheistic deity.
In its recoil from the gross anthropopathy of the vulgar notions, it
falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy. Hare.

ANTHROPOPATHITE
An`thro*pop"a*thite, n.

Defn: One who ascribes human feelings to deity.

ANTHROPOPHAGI
An`thro*poph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: Man eaters; cannibals. Shak.

ANTHROPOPHAGIC; ANTHROPOPHAGICAL
An`thro*po*phag"ic, An`thro*po*phag"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to cannibalism or anthropophagy.

ANTHROPOPHAGINIAN
An`thro*poph`a*gin"i*an, n.

Defn: One who east human flesh. [Ludicrous] Shak.

ANTHROPOPHAGITE
An`thro*poph"a*gite, n.

Defn: A cannibal. W. Taylor.

ANTHROPOPHAGOUS
An`thro*poph"a*gous, a.

Defn: Feeding on human flesh; cannibal.

ANTHROPOPHAGY
An`thro*poph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.

ANTHROPOPHUISM
An"thro*poph"u*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Human nature. [R.] Gladstone.

ANTHROPOSCOPY
An`thro*pos"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: The art of discovering or judging of a man's character, passions. and inclinations from a study of his visible features. [R.]

ANTHROPOSOPHY
An`thro*pos"o*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Knowledge of the nature of man; hence, human wisdom.

ANTHROPOTOMICAL
An`thro*po*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human bodies.

ANTHROPOTOMIST
An`thro*pot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy.

ANTHROPOTOMY
An`thro*pot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The anatomy or dissection of the human body; androtomy. Owen.

ANTHYPNOTIC
Ant`hyp*not"ic.

Defn: See Antihypnotic.

ANTHYPOCHONDRIAC
Ant`hyp*o*chon"dri*ac, a. & n.

Defn: See Antihypochondriac.

ANTHYSTERIC
Ant`hys*ter"ic, a. & n.

Defn: See Antihysteric.

ANTI
An"ti. Etym: [Gr. Ante.]

Defn: A prefix meaning against, opposite or opposed to, contrary, or in place of; — used in composition in many English words. It is often shortened to ant-; as, antacid, antarctic.

ANTIAE
An"ti*æ, n. pl. Etym: [L., forelock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The two projecting feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal points.

ANTIALBUMID
An`ti*al*bu"mid, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + -albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and gastric digestion.
It is convertible into antipeptone.

ANTIALBUMOSE
An`ti*al"bu*mose`, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Albumose.

ANTI-AMERICAN
An`ti-A*mer"i*can, a.

Defn: Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to the genius of American institutions. Marshall.

ANTIAPHRODISIAC
An`ti*aph`ro*dis"i*ac, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Antaphrodisiac.

ANTIAPOPLECTIC
An`ti*ap`o*plec"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antapoplectic.

ANTIAR
An"ti*ar, n. Etym: [Jav. antjar.]

Defn: A Virulent poison prepared in Java from the gum resin of one species of the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria).

ANTIARIN
An`ti*a*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous principle obtained from antiar. Watts.

ANTIASTHMATIC
An`ti*asth*mat"ic, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Antasthmatic.

ANTIATTRITION
An`ti*at*tri"tion, n.

Defn: Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with some greasy material; antifriction grease.

ANTIBACCHIUS
An`ti*bac*chi"us, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Bacchius.] (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last short.

ANTIBACTERIAL An`ti*bac*te"ri*al, a. (Med.) (a) Inimical to bacteria; — applied esp. to serum for protection against bacterial diseases. (b) Opposed to the bacterial theory of disease.

ANTIBILLOUS
An`ti*bil"lous, a.

Defn: Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve biliousness.

ANTIBODY
An"ti*bod`y, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Any of various bodies or substances in the blood which act in antagonism to harmful foreign bodies, as toxins or the bacteria producing the toxins. Normal blood serum apparently contains variousantibodies, and the introduction of toxins or of foreign cells also results in the development of their specific antibodies.

ANTIBRACHIAL
An`ti*brach"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or forearm.

ANTIBRACHIUM
An`ti*brach"i*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the fore limb between the brachium and the carpus; the forearm.

ANTIBROMIC
An`ti*bro"mic, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: An agent that destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer.

ANTIBUBONIC
An`ti*bu*bon"ic, a.

Defn: Good or used against bubonic plague; as, antibubonic serum, obtained from immunized horses; antibubonic vaccine, a sterilized bouillon culture of the plague bacillus; antibubonic measures.

ANTIBURGHER
An`ti*burgh"er, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who seceded from the Burghers (1747), deeming it improper to take the Burgess oath.

ANTIC
An"tic, a. Etym: [The same word as antique; cf. It. antico ancient.
See Antique.]

1. Old; antique. (Zoöl.)

Defn: "Lords of antic fame." Phaer.

2. Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque; ludicrous. The antic postures of a merry-andrew. Addison. The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some monstrous, all antic for shape. Fuller.

ANTIC
An"tic, n.

1. A buffoon or merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of the old play.

2. An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic figure. Woven with antics and wild imagery. Spenser.

3. A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a caper. And fraught with antics as the Indian bird That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage. Wordsworth.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: A grotesque representation. [Obs.]

5. An antimask. [Obs. or R.] Performed by knights and ladies of his court In nature of an antic. Ford.

ANTIC
An"tic, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticked, Antickt.]

Defn: To make appear like a buffoon. [Obs.] Shak.

ANTIC
An"tic, v. i.

Defn: To perform antics.

ANTICATARRHAL
An`ti*ca*tarrh`al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious against catarrh.
 — n.

Defn: An anticatarrhal remedy.

ANTICATHODE
An`ti*cath"ode, n. (Phys.)

Defn: The part of a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge.

ANTICAUSODIC
An`ti*cau*sod"ic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Anticausotic.

ANTICAUSOTIC
An`ti*cau*sot"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Good against an inflammatory fever.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy for such a fever.

ANTICHAMBER
An"ti*cham`ber, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Antechamber.

ANTICHLOR
An"ti*chlor, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + chlorine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs after bleaching.

ANTICHRIST
An"ti*christ, n. Etym: [L. Antichristus, Gr.

Defn: A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist, person or power, expected to precede Christ's second coming.

ANTICHRISTIAN
An`ti*chris"tian, a.

Defn: Opposed to the Christian religion.

ANTICHRISTIANISM; ANTICHRISTIANITY
An`ti*chris"tian*ism, An`ti*chris*tian"i*ty, n.

Defn: Opposition or contrariety to the Christian religion.

ANTICHRISTIANLY
An`ti*chris"tian*ly, adv.

Defn: In an antichristian manner.

ANTICHRONICAL
An`ti*chron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Deviating from the proper order of time.
 — An`ti*chron"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTICHRONISM
An*tich"ro*nism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Deviation from the true order of time; anachronism. [R.]
Selden.

ANTICHTHON
An*tich"thon, n.; pl. Antichthones. Etym: [Gr.

1. A hypothetical earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of the sun. Grote.

2. pl.

Defn: Inhabitants of opposite hemispheres. Whewell.

ANTICIPANT
An*tic"i*pant, a. Etym: [L. anticipans, p. pr. of anticipare.]

Defn: Anticipating; expectant; — with of.
Wakening guilt, anticipant of hell. Southey.

ANTICIPATE
An*tic"i*pate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Anticipated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Anticipating.] Etym: [L. anticipatus, p. p. of anticipare to
anticipate; ante + capere to make. See Capable.]

1. To be before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or prevent by prior action. To anticipate and prevent the duke's purpose. R. Hall. He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if indeed the executioner had not been anticipated by the populace. Macaulay.

2. To take up or introduce beforehand, or before the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or prematurely; as, the advocate has anticipated a part of his argument.

3. To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do beforehand that which will be desired.

4. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view or impression of; as, to anticipate the pleasures of a visit; to anticipate the evils of life.

Syn. — To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall; expect. — To Anticipate, Expect. These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future event as about to take place. Expect is the stringer. It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the event as likely to happen. Anticipate is, literally, to take beforehand, and here denotes simply to take into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, "I did not anticipate a refusal," expresses something less definite and strong than to say, " did not expect it." Still, anticipate is a convenient word to be interchanged with expect in cases where the thought will allow. Good with bad Expect to hear; supernal grace contending With sinfulness of men. Milton. I would not anticipate the relish of any happiness, nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually arrives. Spectator. Timid men were anticipating another civil war. Macaulay.

ANTICIPATION
An*tic`i*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. anticipatio: cf. F. anticipation.]

1. The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in natural order. So shall my anticipation prevent your discovery. Shak.

2. Previous view or impression of what is to happen; instinctive prevision; foretaste; antepast; as, the anticipation of the joys of heaven. The happy anticipation of renewed existence in company with the spirits of the just. Thodey.

3. Hasty notion; intuitive preconception. Many men give themselves up to the first anticipations of their minds. Locke.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: The commencing of one or more tones of a chord with or during the chord preceding, forming a momentary discord.

Syn. — Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation; antepast; pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight; forethought.

ANTICIPATIVE
An*tic"i*pa*tive, a.

Defn: Anticipating, or containing anticipation. "Anticipative of the
feast to come." Cary.
 — An*tic"i*pa*tive*ly, adv.

ANTICIPATOR
An*tic"i*pa`tor, n.

Defn: One who anticipates.

ANTICIPATORY
An*tic"i*pa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation. Owen.
Here is an anticipatory glance of what was to be. J. C. Shairp.

ANTICIVIC
An`ti*civ"ic, n.

Defn: Opposed to citizenship.

ANTICIVISM
An`ti*civ"ism, n.

Defn: Opposition to the body politic of citizens. [Obs.] Carlyle.

ANTICLASTIC
An`ti*clas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- = Gr.

Defn: Having to opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally in one direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the surface of a saddle.

ANTICLIMAX
An`ti*cli"max, n. (Rhet.)

Defn: A sentence in which the ideas fall, or become less important and striking, at the close; — the opposite of climax. It produces a ridiculous effect. Example: Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war, Lieutenant-colonel to the Earl ANTICLINAL An`ti*cli"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Inclining or dipping in opposite directions. See Synclinal. Anticlinal line, Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line from which strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a roof. — Anticlinal vertebra (Anat.), one of the dorsal vertebræ, which in many animals has an upright spine toward which the spines of the neighboring vertebræ are inclined.

ANTICLINAL
An`ti*cli"nal, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite directions.

ANTICLINE
An"ti*cline, n. [See Anticlinal.] (Geol.)

Defn: A structure of bedded rocks in which the beds on both sides of an axis or axial plane dip away from the axis; an anticlinal.

ANTICLINORIUM
An`ti*cli*no"ri*um, n.; pl. Anticlinoria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: The upward elevation of the crust of the earth, resulting from a geanticlinal.

ANTICLY
An"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: Oddly; grotesquely.

ANTIC-MASK
An"tic-mask`, n.

Defn: An antimask. B. Jonson.

ANTICNESS
An"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being antic. Ford.

ANTICOHERER
An`ti*co*her"er, n. (Wireless Teleg.)

Defn: A device, one form of which consists of a scratched deposit of silver on glass, used in connection with the receiving apparatus for reading wireless signals. The electric waves falling on this contrivance increase its resistance several times. The anticoherer can be used in conjunction with a telephone.

ANTICONSTITUTIONAL
An`ti*con`sti*tu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.

ANTICONTAGIOUS
An`ti*con*ta"gious, a. (Med.)

Defn: Opposing or destroying contagion.

ANTICONVULSIVE
An`ti*con*vul"sive, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against convulsions. J. Floyer.

ANTICOR
An"ti*cor, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + L. cor heart; cf. F. antic.]
(Far.)

Defn: A dangerous inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just opposite the heart.

ANTICOUS An*ti"cous, a. Etym: [L. anticus in front, foremost, fr. ante before.] (Bot.)

Defn: Facing toward the axis of the flower, as in the introrse anthers of the water lily.

ANTICYCLONE
An"ti*cy`clone, n. (Meteorol.)

Defn: A movement of the atmosphere opposite in character, as regards
direction of the wind and distribution of barometric pressure, to
that of a cyclone.
 — An`ti*cy*clon"ic, a.
 — An`ti*cy*clon"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIDIPHTHERITIC
An`ti*diph`the*rit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Destructive to, or hindering the growth of, diphtheria bacilli. — n.

Defn: An antidiphtheritic agent.

ANTIDOTAL
An"ti*do`tal(#) a.

Defn: Having the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the effects of poison. Sir T. Browne. — An"ti*do`tal*ly, adv.

ANTIDOTARY
An"ti*do`ta*ry, a.

Defn: Antidotal.
 — n. Antidote; also, a book of antidotes.

ANTIDOTE
An"ti*dote, n. Etym: [L. antidotum, Gr. antidote. See Dose, n.]

1. A remedy to counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken into the stomach; — used with against, for, or to; as, an antidote against, for, or to, poison.

2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract evil which something else might produce.

ANTIDOTE
An"ti*dote, v. t.

1. To counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an antidote. Nor could Alexander himself . . . antidote . . . the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins. South.

2. To fortify or preserve by an antidote.

ANTIDOTICAL
An`ti*dot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Serving as an antidote.
 — An`ti*dot"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIDROMOUS
An*tid"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a stem.

ANTIDYSENTERIC
An`ti*dys`en*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against dysentery.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine for dysentery.

ANTIEMETIC
An`ti*e*met"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antemetic.

ANTIEPHIALTIC
An`ti*eph`i*al"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antephialtic.

ANTIEPILEPTIC
An`ti*ep`i*lep"tic, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Antepileptic.

ANTIFEBRILE
An`ti*fe"brile, a. & n. (Med.)

Defn: Febrifuge.

ANTIFEBRINE
An`ti*feb"rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: Acetanilide.

ANTI-FEDERALIST
An`ti-fed"er*al*ist, n.

Defn: One of party opposed to a federative government; — applied particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the constitution of the United States. Pickering.

ANTIFRICTION
An`ti*fric"tion, n.

Defn: Something to lessea. Tending to lessen friction.

ANTIGALASTIC
An`ti*ga*las"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr.

Defn: Causing a diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk.

ANTI-GALLICAN
An`ti-Gal"li*can, a.

Defn: Opposed to what is Gallic or French.

ANTIGRAPH
An"ti*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. antigraphe.]

Defn: A copy or transcript.

ANTIGUGGLER
An`ti*gug"gler n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + guggle or gurgle.]

Defn: A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment or causing a gurgling noise.

ANTIHELIX
An`ti*he"lix, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The curved elevation of the cartilage of the ear, within or in front of the helix. See Ear.

ANTIHEMORRHAGIC
An`ti*hem`or*rhag"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to stop hemorrhage.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy for hemorrhage.

ANTIHYDROPHOBIC
An`ti*hy`dro*phob"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting or preventing hydrophobia.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy for hydrophobia.

ANTIHYDROPIC
An`ti*hy*drop"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against dropsy.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy for dropsy.

ANTIHYPNOTIC
An`ti*hyp*not"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to prevent sleep.
 — n.

Defn: An antihypnotic agent.

ANTIHYPOCHONDRIAC
An`ti*hyp`o*chon"dri*ac, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteractive of hypochondria.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy for hypochondria.

ANTIHYSTERIC
An`ti*hys*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting hysteria.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy for hysteria.

ANTIICTERIC
An`ti*ic*ter"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against jaundice.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy for jaundice.

ANTI-IMPERIALISM
An`ti-im*pe"ri*al*ism, n.

Defn: Opposition to imperialism; — applied specif., in the United States, after the Spanish-American war (1898), to the attitude or principles of those opposing territorial expansion; in England, of those, often called Little Englanders, opposing the extension of the empire and the closer relation of its parts, esp. in matters of commerce and imperial defense. — An`ti-im*pe"ri*al*ist, n. — An`ti- im*pe`ri*al*is"tic (#), a.

ANTILEGOMENA
An`ti*le*gom"e*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: Certain books of the New Testament which were for a time not universally received, but which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation. The undisputed books are called the Homologoumena.

ANTILIBRATION
An`ti*li*bra"tion, n.

Defn: A balancing; equipoise. [R.] De Quincey.

ANTILITHIC
An`ti*lith"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to prevent the formation of urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed. — n.

Defn: An antilithic medicine.

ANTILOGARITHM
An`ti*log"a*rithm, n. (Math.)

Defn: The number corresponding to a logarithm. The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine corresponding to a given logarithmic sine. — An`ti*log`a*rith"mic, a.

ANTILOGOUS
An*til"o*gous, a.

Defn: Of the contrary name or character; — opposed to analogous. Antilogous pole (Eccl.), that pole of a crystal which becomes negatively electrified when heated.

ANTILOGY
An*til"o*gy, n.; pl. Antilogies. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A contradiction between any words or passages in an author. Sir
W. Hamilton.

ANTILOIMIC
An`ti*loi"mic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy against the plague. Brande & C.

ANTILOPINE
An*til"o*pine, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the antelope.

ANTILOQUIST
An*til"o*quist, n.

Defn: A contradicter. [Obs.]

ANTILOQUY
An*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + L. loqui to speak.]

Defn: Contradiction. [Obs.]

ANTILYSSIC
An`ti*lys"sic, a. & n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Antihydrophobic.

ANTIMACASSAR
An`ti*ma*cas"sar, n.

Defn: A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the hair.

ANTIMAGISTRICAL An`ti*ma*gis"tric*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + magistrical for magistratical.]

Defn: Opposed to the office or authority of magistrates. [Obs.]
South.

ANTIMALARIAL
An`ti*ma*la"ri*al, a.

Defn: Good against malaria.

ANTIMASK
An"ti*mask`, n.

Defn: A secondary mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of a serious mask. [Written also anue.] Bacon.

ANTIMASON
An`ti*ma"son, n.

Defn: One opposed to Freemasonry.
 — An`ti*ma*son"ic, a.

ANTIMASONRY
An`ti*ma"son*ry, n.

Defn: Opposition to Freemasonry.

ANTIMEPHITIC
An`ti*me*phit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against mephitic or deletplwious gases.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy against mephitic gases. Dunglison.

ANTIMERE
An"ti*mere, n. Etym: [. anti- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals; one of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and plants.

ANTIMETABOLE
An`ti*me*tab"o*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed order.

ANTIMETATHESIS
An`ti*me*tath"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse order.

ANTIMETER
An*tim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A modification of the quadrant, for measuring small angles.
[Obs.]

ANTIMONARCHIC; ANTIMONARCHICAL
An`ti*mo*nar"chic, An`ti*mo*nar"chic*al,

Defn: Opposed to monarchial government. Bp. Benson. Addison.

ANTIMONARCHIST
An`ti*mon"arch*ist, n.

Defn: An enemy to monarchial government.

ANTIMONATE
An`ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of antimonic acid with a base or basic radical.
[Written also antimoniate.]

ANTIMONIAL
An`ti*mo"ni*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to antimony.
 — n. (Med.)

Defn: A preparation or medicine containing antimony. Antimonial powder, a consisting of one part oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; — also called James's powder.

ANTIMONIATED
An`ti*mo"ni*a`ted, a.

Defn: Combined or prepared with antimony; as, antimoniated tartar.

ANTIMONIC
An`ti*mon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; — said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has its highest equivalence; as, antimonic acid.

ANTIMONIOUS
An`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony; — said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has an equivalence next lower than the highest; as, antimonious acid.

ANTIMONITE
An"ti*mo*nite`, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of antimonious acid and a base or basic radical.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Stibnite.

ANTIMONIURETED
An`ti*mo"ni*u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with or containing antimony; as, antimoniureted hydrogen. [Written also antimoniuretted.]

ANTIMONSOON
An"ti*mon*soon", n. (Meteor.)

Defn: The upper, contrary-moving current of the atmosphere over a monsoon.

ANTIMONY
An"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [LL. antimonium, of unknown origin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance, resembling a metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb.

Note: It is of tin-white color, brittle, laminated or crystalline, fusible, and vaporizable at a rather low temperature. It is used in some metallic alloys, as type metal and bell metal, and also for medical preparations, which are in general emetics or cathartics. By ancient writers, and some moderns, the term is applied to native gray ore of antimony, or stibnite (the stibium of the Romans, and the Cervantite, senarmontite, and valentinite are native oxides of antimony.

ANTINATIONAL
An`ti*na"tion*al, a.

Defn: Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national government.

ANTINEPHRITIC
An`ti*ne*phrit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting, or deemed of use in, diseases of the kidneys.
 — n.

Defn: An antinephritic remedy.

ANTINOMIAN
An`ti*no"mi*an, a. Etym: [See Antimony.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is obligatory.

ANTINOMIAN
An`ti*no"mi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with John Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535. Mosheim.

ANTINOMIANISM
An`ti*no"mi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets or practice of Antinomians. South.

ANTINOMIST
An*tin"o*mist, n.

Defn: An Antinomian. [R.] Bp. Sanderson.

ANTINOMY
An*tin"o*my, n.; pl. Antinomies. Etym: [L. antinomia, Gr.

1. Opposition of one law or rule to another law or rule. Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite doctrines. In some instances this apparent antinomy is doubtful. De Quincey.

2. An opposing law or rule of any kind. As it were by his own antinomy, or counterstatute. Milton.

3. (Metaph.)

Defn: A contradiction or incompatibility of thought or language; — in the Kantian philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the attempt to apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes which are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of experience.

ANTIOCHIAN
An`ti*o"chi*an, a.

1. Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the founder of a sect of philosophers.

2. Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in Syria. Antiochian epoch (Chron.), a method of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia, B.C. 48.

ANTIODONTALGIC
An`ti*o`don*tal"gic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious in curing toothache.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy for toothache.

ANTIORGASTIC
An`ti*or*gas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Tending to allay venereal excitement or desire; sedative.

ANTIPAPAL
An`ti*pa"pal, a.

Defn: Opposed to the pope or to popery. Milton.

ANTIPARALLEL
An`ti*par"al*lel, a.

Defn: Running in a contrary direction. Hammond.

ANTIPARALLELS
An`ti*par"al*lels, n. pl. (Geom.)

Defn: Straight lines or planes which make angles in some respect opposite in character to those made by parallel lines or planes.

ANTIPARALYTIC
An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against paralysis.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine for paralysis.

ANTIPARALYTICAL
An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic*al, a.

Defn: Antiparalytic.

ANTIPASCH
An"ti*pasch, n. [Pref. anti-+ pasch.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.

ANTIPATHETIC; ANTIPATHETICAL
An`ti*pa*thet"ic, An`ti*pa*thet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to a thing; characterized by antipathy; — often followed by to. Fuller.

ANTIPATHIC
An`ti*path"ic, a. Etym: [NL. antipathicus, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Belonging to antipathy; opposite; contrary; allopathic.

ANTIPATHIST
An*tip"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who has an antipathy. [R.] "Antipathist of light."
Coleridge.

ANTIPATHIZE
An*tip"a*thize, v. i.

Defn: To feel or show antipathy. [R.]

ANTIPATHOUS
An*tip"a*thous, a.

Defn: Having a natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.

ANTIPATHY An*tip"a*thy, n.; pl. Antipathies. Etym: [L. antipathia, Gr. antipathie. See Pathos.]

1. Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or dislike; repugnance; distaste. Inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided. Washington.

2. Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of qualities; as, oil and water have antipathy. A habit is generated of thinking that a natural antipathy exists between hope and reason. I. Taylor.

Note: Any is opposed to sympathy. It is followed by to, against, or between; also sometimes by for.

Syn. — Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste; enmity; ill will; repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See Dislike.

ANTIPEPTONE
An`ti*pep"tone, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A product of gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic juice.

ANTIPERIODIC
An`ti*pe`ri*od"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy possessing the property of preventing the return of periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of disease, as in intermittent fevers.

ANTIPERISTALTIC
An`ti*per`i*stal"tic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Opposed to, or checking motion; acting upward; — applied to an inverted action of the intestinal tube.

ANTIPERISTASIS
An`ti*pe*ris"ta*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Opposition by which the quality opposed asquires strength; resistance or reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an opposite principle or quality.

ANTIPERISTATIC
An`ti*per`i*stat"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to antiperistasis.

ANTIPETALOUS
An`ti*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Standing before a petal, as a stamen.

ANTIPHARMIC
An`ti*phar"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Antidotal; alexipharmic.

ANTIPHLOGISTIAN
An`ti*phlo*gis"tian, n.

Defn: An opposer of the theory of phlogiston.

ANTIPHLOGISTIC
An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, a.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting inflammation.

ANTIPHLOGISTIC
An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Any medicine or diet which tends to check inflammation. Coxe.

ANTIPHON
An"ti*phon, n. Etym: [LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. Anthem.]

1. A musical response; alternate singing or chanting. See Antiphony, and Antiphone.

2. A verse said before and after the psalms. Shipley.

ANTIPHONAL
An*tiph"o*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung alternately by a divided choir or opposite choirs. Wheatly. — An*tiph"o*nal*ly, adv.

ANTIPHONAL
An*tiph"o*nal, n.

Defn: A book of antiphons or anthems.

ANTIPHONARY
An*tiph"o*na*ry, n. Etym: [LL. antiphonarium. See Antiphoner.]

Defn: A book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which the antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are contained.

ANTIPHONE
An"ti*phone, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The response which one side of the choir makes to the other in a chant; alternate chanting or signing.

ANTIPHONER
An*tiph"o*ner, n. Etym: [F. antiphonaire. See Antiphon.]

Defn: A book of antiphons. Chaucer.

ANTIPHONIC
An`ti*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Antiphonal.

ANTIPHONY
An*tiph"o*ny, n.; pl. Antiphonies. Etym: [See Antiphon.]

1. A musical response; also, antiphonal chanting or signing.

2. An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir or congregation divided into two parts. Also figuratively. O! never more for me shall winds intone, With all your tops, a vast antiphony. R. Browning.

ANTIPHRASIS
An*tiph"ra*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a court of vengeance.

ANTIPHRASTIC; ANTIPHRASTICAL
An`ti*phras"tic, An`ti*phras"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to antiphrasis.
 — An`ti*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

ANTIPHTHISIC
An`ti*phthis"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relieving or curing phthisis, or consumption.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine for phthisis.

ANTIPHYSICAL
An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + physical.]

Defn: Contrary to nature; unnatural.

ANTIPHYSICAL
An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Relieving flatulence; carminative.

ANTIPLASTIC
An`ti*plas"tic, a.

1. Diminishing plasticity.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Preventing or checking the process of healing, or granulation.

ANTIPODAGRIC
An`ti*po*dag"ric, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against gout.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine for gout.

ANTIPODAL
An*tip"o*dal, a.

1. Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side of the globe.

2. Diametrically opposite. His antipodal shadow." Lowell.

ANTIPODE
An"ti*pode, n.

Defn: One of the antipodes; anything exactly opposite. In tale or history your beggar is ever the just antipode to your king. Lamb.

Note: The singular, antipode, is exceptional in formation, but has been used by good writers. Its regular English plural would be ân"tî*podes, the last syllable rhyming with abodes, and this pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a Latin word without a singular) is in common use, and is pronounced, after the English method of Latin, ân*tîp"o*dez.

ANTIPODEAN
An`ti*po"de*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the world; antipodal.

ANTIPODES
An*tip"o*des, n. Etym: [L. pl., fr. Gr.

1. Those who live on the side of the globe diametrically opposite.

2. The country of those who live on the opposite side of the globe. Latham.

3. Anything exactly opposite or contrary. Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a more perfect antipodes to all that hath hitherto been gospel Hammond.

ANTIPOLE
An"ti*pole, n.

Defn: The opposite pole; anything diametrically opposed. Geo. Eliot.

ANTIPOPE
An"ti*pope, n.

Defn: One who is elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the pope canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at Avignon during the Great Schism.

ANTIPSORIC
An`tip*sor"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of use in curing the itch.
 — n.

Defn: An antipsoric remedy.

ANTIPTOSIS
An`tip*to"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The putting of one case for another.

ANTIPUTREFACTIVE; ANTIPUTRESCENT
An`ti*pu`tre*fac"tive, An`ti*pu*tres"cent, a.

Defn: Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction; antiseptic.

ANTIPYIC
An`ti*py"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Checking or preventing suppuration.
 — n.

Defn: An antipyic medicine.

ANTIPYRESIS
An`ti*py*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The condition or state of being free from fever.

ANTIPYRETIC
An`ti*py*ret"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious in preventing or allaying fever.
 — n.

Defn: A febrifuge.

ANTIPYRINE
An`ti*py"rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: An artificial alkaloid, believed to be efficient in abating fever.

ANTIPYROTIC
An`ti*py*rot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against burns or pyrosis.
 — n.

Defn: Anything of use in preventing or healing burns or pyrosis.

ANTIQUARIAN
An`ti*qua"ri*an, a. Etym: [See Antiquary].

Defn: Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity; as, antiquarian literature.

ANTIQUARIAN
An`ti*qua"ri*an, n.

1. An antiquary.

2. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n.

ANTIQUARIANISM
An`ti*qua"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: Character of an antiquary; study or love of antiquities.
Warburton.

ANTIQUARIANIZE
An`ti*qua"ri*an*ize, v. i.

Defn: To act the part of an antiquary. [Colloq.]

ANTIQUARY
An"ti*qua*ry, a. Etym: [L. antiquarius, fr. antiquus ancient. See
Antique.]

Defn: Pertaining to antiquity. [R.] "Instructed by the antiquary times." Shak.

ANTIQUARY
An"ti*qua*ry, n.; pl. Antiquaries.

Defn: One devoted to the study of ancient times through their relics, as inscriptions, monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues, coins, manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics of antiquity.

ANTIQUATE An"ti*quate, v. t. Etym: [L. antiquatus, p. p. of antiquare, fr. antiquus ancient.]

Defn: To make old, or obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate. Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and antiquate or abrogate old one. Sir M. Hale.

ANTIQUATED
An"ti*qua`ted, a.

Defn: Grown old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; old-fashioned; as, an antiquated law. "Antiquated words." Dryden. Old Janet, for so he understood his antiquated attendant was denominated. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 — Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See Ancient.

ANTIQUATEDNESS
An"ti*qua`ted*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being antiquated.

ANTIQUATENESS
An"ti*quate*ness, n.

Defn: Antiquatedness. [Obs.]

ANTIQUATION
An`ti*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. antiquatio, fr. antiquare.]

Defn: The act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated.
Beaumont.

ANTIQUE An*tique", a. Etym: [F., fr. L. antiquus old, ancient, equiv. to anticus, from ante before. Cf. Antic.]

1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; as, an antique statue. In this sense it usually refers to the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome. For the antique world excess and pride did hate. Spenser.

2. Old, as respects the present age, or a modern period of time; of old fashion; antiquated; as, an antique robe. "Antique words." Spenser.

3. Made in imitation of antiquity; as, the antique style of Thomson's "Castle of Indolence."

4. Odd; fantastic. [In this sense, written antic.]

Syn.
 — Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; old-fashioned; old. See
Ancient.

ANTIQUE
An*tique", n. Etym: [F. See Antique, a. ]

Defn: In general, anything very old; but in a more limited sense, a relic or object of ancient art; collectively, the antique, the remains of ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases. Misshapen monuments and maimed antiques. Byron.

ANTIQUELY
An*tique"ly, adv.

Defn: In an antique manner.

ANTIQUENESS
An*tique"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being antique; an appearance of ancient origin
and workmanship.
We may discover something venerable in the antiqueness of the work.
Addison.

ANTIQUIST
An"ti*quist, n.

Defn: An antiquary; a collector of antiques. [R.] Pinkerton.

ANTIQUITARIAN
An*tiq`ui*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: An admirer of antiquity.

Note: [Used by Milton in a disparaging sense.] [Obs.]

ANTIQUITY An*tiq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Antiquities. Etym: [L. antiquitas, fr. antiquus: cf. F. antiquité. See Antique.]

1. The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age; as, a statue of remarkable antiquity; a family of great antiquity.

2. Old age. [Obs.] It not your voice broken . . . and every part about you blasted with antiquity Shak.

3. Ancient times; former ages; times long since past; as, Cicero was an eloquent orator of antiquity.

4. The ancients; the people of ancient times. That such pillars were raised by Seth all antiquity has Sir W. Raleigh.

5. An old gentleman. [Obs.] You are a shrewd antiquity, neighbor Clench. B. Jonson.

6. A relic or monument of ancient times; as, a coin, a statue, etc. ; an ancient institution.

Note: [In this sense, usually in the plural.] "Heathen antiquities."
Bacon.

ANTIRACHITIC
An`ti*ra*chit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against the rickets.

ANTIRENTER
An`ti*rent"er, n.

Defn: One opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840-47 resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New York. — An`ti*rent"ism, n.

ANTISABBATARIAN
An`ti*sab`ba*ta"ri*an, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of a sect which opposes the observance of the Christian
Sabbath.

ANTISACERDOTAL
An`ti*sac`er*do"tal, a.

Defn: Hostile to priests or the priesthood. Waterland.

ANTISCIANS; ANTISCII
An*tis"cians, An*tis"ci*i, n. pl. Etym: [L. antiscii, Gr.

Defn: The inhabitants of the earth, living on different sides of the
equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in opposite directions.
The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are always
Antiscians. Brande & C.

ANTISCOLETIC; ANTISCOLIC
An`ti*sco*let"ic, An`ti*scol"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Anthelmintic.

ANTISCORBUTIC
An`ti*scor*bu"tic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Counteracting scurvy.
 — n.

Defn: A remedy for scurvy.

ANTISCORBUTICAL
An`ti*scor*bu"tic*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Antiscorbutic.

ANTISCRIPTURAL
An`ti*scrip"tur*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy Scriptures.

ANTI-SEMITISM
An`ti-Sem"i*tism, n.

Defn: Opposition to, or hatred of, Semites, esp. Jews. — An`ti-
Sem"ite (#), n. — An`ti-Sem*it"ic (#), a.

ANTISEPALOUS
An`ti*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf.

ANTISEPSIS
An`ti*sep"sis, n. [NL. See Anti-; Sepsis.]

Defn: Prevention of sepsis by excluding or destroying microorganisms.

ANTISEPTIC; ANTISEPTICAL
An`ti*sep"tic, An`ti*sep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent tendency in the system; antiputrefactive. Antiseptic surgery, that system of surgical practice which insists upon a systematic use of antiseptics in the performance of operations and the dressing of wounds.

ANTISEPTIC
An`ti*sep"tic, n.

Defn: A substance which prevents or retards putrefaction, or destroys, or protects from, putrefactive organisms; as, salt, carbolic acid, alcohol, cinchona.

ANTISEPTICALLY
An`ti*sep"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of antiseptics.

ANTISIALAGOGUE
An`ti*si*al"a*gogue, a. (Med.)

Defn: Checking the flow of saliva.

ANTISIALAGOGUE
An`ti*si*al"a*gogue, n.

Defn: A remedy against excessive salivation.

ANTISLAVERY
An`ti*slav"er*y, a.

Defn: Opposed to slavery.
 — n.

Defn: Opposition to slavery.

ANTISOCIAL
An`ti*so"cial, a.

Defn: Tending to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to society, or hostile to its existence; as, antisocial principles.

ANTISOCIALIST
An`ti*so"cial*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to the doctrines and practices of socialists or socialism.

ANTISOLAR
An`ti*so"lar, a.

Defn: Opposite to the sun; — said of the point in the heavens 180º distant from the sun.

ANTISPASMODIC
An`ti*spas*mod"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against spasms.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine which prevents or allays spasms or convulsions.

ANTISPAST
An"ti*spast, n. Etym: [L. antispastus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the second and third long.

ANTISPASTIC An`ti*spas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Antispast.] (Med.) (a) Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of humors from one part to another. [Obs.] (b) Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic. — n.

Defn: An antispastic agent.

ANTISPLENETIC
An`ti*splen"e*tic (Splenetic, 277), a.

Defn: Good as a remedy against disease of the spleen.
 — n.

Defn: An antisplenetic medicine.

ANTISTROPHE
An*tis"tro*phe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Strophe.]

1. In Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly answering to a previous strophe or movement from right to left. Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song. It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars whilst they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three stanzas or parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in turning from east to west; the other, named antistrophe, in returning from west to east; then they stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was the last part of the song. Abp. Potter.

2. (Rhet.) (a) The repetition of words in an inverse order; as, the master of the servant and the servant of the master. (b) The retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him.

ANTISTROPHIC
An`ti*stroph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an antistrophe.

ANTISTROPHON
An*tis"tro*phon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An argument retorted on an opponent. Milton.

ANTISTRUMATIC
An`ti*stru"mat"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Antistrumous.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine for scrofula.

ANTISTRUMOUS
An`ti*stru"mous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Good against scrofulous disorders. Johnson. Wiseman.

ANTISYPHILITIC
An`ti*syph`i*lit"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Efficacious against syphilis.
 — n.

Defn: A medicine for syphilis.

ANTITHEISM
An`ti*the"ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of antitheists.
 — An`ti*the*is"tic, a.

ANTITHEIST
An`ti*the"ist, n.

Defn: A disbeliever in the existence of God.

ANTITHESIS
An*tith"e*sis, n.; pl. Antitheses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Thesis.]

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: An opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in the same sentence; as, "The prodigal robs his heir; the miser robs himself." "He had covertly shot at Cromwell; he how openly aimed at the Queen."

2. The second of two clauses forming an antithesis.

3. Opposition; contrast.

ANTITHET
An"ti*thet, n. Etym: [L. antitheton, fr. Gr.

Defn: An antithetic or contrasted statement. Bacon.

ANTITHETIC; ANTITHETICAL
An`ti*thet"ic, An`ti*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.

ANTITHETICALLY
An`ti*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way antithesis.

ANTITOXIN; ANTITOXINE
An`ti*tox"in, An`ti*tox"ine, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + toxin.]

Defn: A substance (sometimes the product of a specific micro-organism and sometimes naturally present in the blood or tissues of an animal), capable of producing immunity from certain diseases, or of counteracting the poisonous effects of pathogenic bacteria.

ANTI-TRADE
An"ti-trade`, n.

Defn: A tropical wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the trade wind.

ANTITRAGUS
An*tit"ra*gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A prominence on the lower posterior portion of the concha of the external ear, opposite the tragus. See Ear.

ANTITROCHANTER
An`ti*tro*chan"ter, n. (Anat.)

Defn: An articular surface on the ilium of birds against which the great trochanter of the femur plays.

ANTITROPAL; ANTITROPOUS
An*tit"ro*pal, An*tit"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: At the extremity most remote from the hilum, as the embryo, or inverted with respect to the seed, as the radicle. Lindley.

ANTITYPAL
An"ti*ty`pal, a.

Defn: Antitypical. [R.]

ANTITYPE
An"ti*type, n. Etym: [Gr. Type.]

Defn: That of which the type pattern or representation; that which is represented by the type or symbol.

ANTITYPICAL
An`ti*typ"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type.
 — An`ti*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.

ANTITYPOUS
An*tit"y*pous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Resisting blows; hard. [Obs.] Cudworth.

ANTITYPY
An*tit"y*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Opposition or resistance of matter to force. [R.] Sir W.
Hamilton.

ANTIVACCINATION
An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion, n.

Defn: Opposition to vaccination. London Times.

ANTIVACCINATIONIST
An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An antivaccinist.

ANTIVACCINIST
An`ti*vac"ci*nist, n.

Defn: One opposed to vaccination.

ANTIVARIOLOUS
An`ti*va*ri"o*lous, a.

Defn: Preventing the contagion of smallpox.

ANTIVENEREAL
An`ti*ve*ne"re*al, a.

Defn: Good against venereal poison; antisyphilitic.

ANTIVENIN
An`ti*ve"nin, n. [Written also antivenen, antivenine.] [Pref. anti- +
L. venenum poison.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The serum of blood rendered antitoxic to a venom by repeated injections of small doses of the venom.

ANTIVIVISECTION
An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion, n.

Defn: Opposition to vivisection.

ANTIVIVISECTIONIST
An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One opposed to vivisection

ANTIZYMIC
An`ti*zym"ic, a.

Defn: Preventing fermentation.

ANTIZYMOTIC
An`ti*zy*mot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Preventing fermentation or decomposition.
 — n.

Defn: An agent so used.

ANTLER Ant"ler, n. Etym: [OE. auntelere, OF. antoillier, andoiller, endouiller, fr. F. andouiller, fr. an assumed LL. antocularis, fr. L. ante before + oculus eye. See Ocular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a stag. Huge stags with sixteen antlers. Macaulay.

Note: The branch next to the head is called the brow antler, and the branch next above, the bez antler, or bay antler. The main stem is the beam, and the branches are often called tynes. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths, and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See Velvet. Antler moth (Zoöl.), a destructive European moth (Cerapteryx graminis), which devastates grass lands.

ANTLERED
Ant"lered, a.

Defn: Furnished with antlers.
The antlered stag. Cowper.

ANTLIA
Ant"li*a, n.; pl. Antilæ. Etym: [L., a pump, Gr, (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spiral tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See
Lepidoptera.

ANT-LION
Ant"-li`on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A neuropterous insect, the larva of which makes in the sand a pitfall to capture ants, etc. The common American species is Myrmeleon obsoletus, the European is M. formicarius.

ANTOECI; ANTOECIANS
An*toe"ci, An*toe"*cians, n. pl. Etym: [NL. antoeci, fr. Gr. pl.

Defn: Those who live under the same meridian, but on opposite parallels of latitude, north and south of the equator.

ANTONOMASIA
An`to*no*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of some epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or the like, instead of the proper name of the person; as when his majesty is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say, the philosopher; or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a Solomon, or an eminent orator a Cicero.

ANTONOMASTIC
An`to*no*mas"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia.
 — An`to*no*mas"tic*al*ly, adv.

ANTONOMASY
An*ton"o*ma*sy, n.

Defn: Antonomasia.

ANTONYM
An"to*nym, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; — used as a correlative of synonym. [R.] C. J. Smith.

ANTORBITAL
Ant*or"bit*al, a. Etym: [Pref. anti- + orbital.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of the orbit. — n.

Defn: The antorbital bone.

ANTORGASTIC
Ant`or*gas"tic, a.

Defn: See Antiorgastic.

ANTOZONE
Ant*o"zone, n. Etym: [Pref. anti- + ozone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen, but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; — so called because apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary oxygen.

ANTRAL
An"tral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to an antrum.

ANTRE
An"tre, n. Etym: [F. antre, L. antrum, fr. Gr.

Defn: A cavern. [Obs.] Shak.

ANTRORSE An*trorse", a. Etym: [From L. ante + versun turned; apparently formed in imitation of re.] (Bot.)

Defn: Forward or upward in direction. Gray.

ANTROVERT
An`tro*vert", v. t.

Defn: To bend forward. [R.] Owen.

ANTRUM
An"trum, n.; pl. Antra. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or sinus. Huxley.

ANTRUSTION
An*trus"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. antrustio.]

Defn: A vassal or voluntary follower of Frankish princes in their enterprises.

ANT THRUSH Ant" thrush`. (Zoöl.) (a) One of several species of tropical birds, of the Old World, of the genus Pitta, somewhat resembling the thrushes, and feeding chiefly on ants. (b) See Ant bird, under Ant.

ANUBIS 'd8A*nu"bis, n. Etym: [L.] (Myth.)

Defn: An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of a dog or fox.

ANURA
A*nu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Written also anoura.]

ANUROUS
A*nu"rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Also written anourous.]

ANURY
An"u*ry, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Nonsecretion or defective secretion of urine; ischury.

ANUS
A"nus, n. Etym: [L., prob. for asnus: cf. Gr. as.] (Anat.)

Defn: The posterior opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are expelled.

ANVIL An"vil, n. Etym: [OE. anvelt, anfelt, anefelt, AS. anfilt, onfilt; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. anafalz, D. aanbeld.]

1. An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon which metals are hammered and shaped.

2. Anything resembling an anvil in shape or use. Specifically (Anat.),

Defn: the incus. See Incus. To be on the anvil, to be in a state of discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or measure is forming, but not matured. Swift.

ANVIL
An"vil, v. t.

Defn: To form or shape on an anvil; to hammer out; as, anviled armor.
Beau. & Fl.

ANXIETUDE
Anx*i"e*tude, n. Etym: [L. anxietudo.]

Defn: The state of being anxious; anxiety. [R.]

ANXIETY Anx*i"e*ty, n.; pl. Anxieties. Etym: [L. anxietas, fr. anxius: cf. F. anxiété. See Anxious.]

1. Concern or solicitude respecting some thing o

2. Eager desire. J. D. Forbes

3. (Med.)

Defn: A state of restlessness and agitation, often with general indisposition and a distressing sense of oppression at the epigastrium. Dunglison.

Syn. — Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness; perplexity; disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension; restlessness. See Care.

ANXIOUS Anx"ious, a. Etym: [L. anxius, fr. angere to cause pain, choke; akin to Gr. Anger.]

1. Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or solicitous, esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful suspense; — applied to persons; as, anxious for the issue of a battle.

2. Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying; — applied to things; as, anxious labor. The sweet of life, from which God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares. Milton.

3. Earnestly desirous; as, anxious to please. He sneers alike at those who are anxious to preserve and at those who are eager for reform. Macaulay.

Note: Anxious is followed by for, about, concerning, etc., before the object of solicitude.

Syn. — Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless; concerned; disturbed; watchful.

ANXIOUSLY
Anx"ious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an anxious manner; with painful uncertainty; solicitously.

ANXIOUSNESS
Anx"ious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being anxious; great solicitude; anxiety.

ANY
A"ny, a. & pron. Etym: [OE. æni, æni, eni, ani, oni, AS. ænig, fr. an
one. It is akin to OS. enig, OHG. einic, G. einig, D. eenig. See
One.]

1. One indifferently, out of an indefinite number; one indefinitely, whosoever or whatsoever it may be.

Note: Any is often used in denying or asserting without limitation;
as, this thing ought not be done at any time; I ask any one to answer
my question.
No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the
Father, save the Son. Matt. xi. 27.

2. Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as, are there any witnesses present are there any other houses like it "Who will show us any good" Ps. iv. 6.

Note: It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as a pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone; (pl.) any persons. If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, . . . and it shall be given him. Jas. i. 5. That if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem. Acts ix. 2. At any rate, In any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.

ANY
A"ny, adv.

Defn: To any extent; in any degree; at all.
You are not to go loose any longer. Shak.
Before you go any farther. Steele.

ANYBODY
A"ny*bod*y, n.

1. Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any person. His Majesty could not keep any secret from anybody. Macaulay.

2. A person of consideration or standing. [Colloq.] All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or anybody in the list. Lond. Sat. Rev.

ANYHOW
A"ny*how`, adv.

Defn: In any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event.
Anyhow, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple selforiginated
error. J. H. Newman.
Anyhow, the languages of the two nations were closely allied. E. A.
Freeman.

ANYONE
A"ny*one, n.

Defn: One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody.

Note: [Commonly written as two words.]

ANYTHING
A"ny*thing, n.

1. Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of any kind; something or other; aught; as, I would not do it for anything. Did you ever know of anything so unlucky A. Trollope. They do not know that anything is amiss with them. W. G. Sumner.

2. Expressing an indefinite comparison; — with as or like. [Colloq. or Lowx] I fear your girl will grow as proud as anything. Richardson.

Note: Any thing, written as two words, is now commonly used in contradistinction to any person or anybody. Formerly it was also separated when used in the wider sense. "Necessity drove them to undertake any thing and venture any thing." De Foe. Anything but, not at all or in any respect. "The battle was a rare one, and the victory anything but secure." Hawthorne. — Anything like, in any respect; at all; as, I can not give anything like a fair sketch of his trials.

ANYTHING
A"ny*thing, adv.

Defn: In any measure; anywise; at all. Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not . . . anything at all quailed. Robynson (More's Utopia).

ANYTHINGARIAN
A`ny*thing*a"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who holds to no particular creed or dogma.

ANYWAY; ANYWAYS
A"ny*way, A"ny*ways, adv.

Defn: Anywise; at all. Tennyson. Southey.

ANYWHERE
A"ny*where, adv.

Defn: In any place. Udall.

ANYWHITHER
A"ny*whith`er, adv.

Defn: To or towards any place. [Archaic] De Foe.

ANYWISE
A"ny*wise, adv.

Defn: In any wise or way; at all. "Anywise essential." Burke.

AONIAN
A*o"ni*an, a. Etym: [From Aonia, a part of Boeotia, in Greece.]

Defn: Pertaining to Aonia, Boeotia, or to the Muses, who were supposed to dwell there. Aonian fount, the fountain of Aganippe, at the foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the Muses.

AORIST
A"o*rist, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A tense in the Greek language, which expresses an action as completed in past time, but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate.

AORISTIC
A`o*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist tense.

AORTA
A*or"ta, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

Note: In fishes and the early stages of all higher vertebrates the aorta divides near its origin into several branches (the aortic arches) which pass in pairs round the oesophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side in the former, and on the left in the latter.

AORTIC
A*or"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the aorta.

AORTITIS
A`or*ti"tis, n. Etym: [Aorta + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the aorta.

AOUDAD
A"ou*dad, n. Etym: [The Moorish name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African sheeplike quadruped (the Ammotragus tragelaphus) having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps, the chamois of the Old Testament.

APACE A*pace", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.]

Defn: With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.
His dewy locks did drop with brine apace. Spenser.
A visible triumph of the gospel drawapace. I. Taylor.

APACHES
A*pa"ches, n. pl.; sing. Apache. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A group of nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of Arizona, New Mexico, etc.

APAGOGE
Ap`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [Gr. (Logic)

Defn: An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.

APAGOGIC; APAGOGICAL
Ap`a*gog"ic, Ap`a*gog"ic*al, a.

Defn: Proving indirectly, by showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary. Bp. Berkeley.

APAID
A*paid", a.

Defn: Paid; pleased. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APAIR
A*pair", v. t. & i.

Defn: To impair or become impaired; to injure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APALACHIAN
Ap`a*la"chi*an, a.

Defn: See Appalachian.

APANAGE
Ap"an*age, n.

Defn: Same as Appanage.

APANTHROPY
A*pan"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.

APAR; APARA
A"par, A"pa*ra, n. Etym: [Native name apara.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mataco.

APAREJO
A`pa*re"jo, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A kind of pack saddle used in the American military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like.

APARITHMESIS
Ap`a*rith"me*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Enumeration of parts or particulars.

APART
A*part", adv. Etym: [F. à part; (L. ad) + part part. See Part.]

1. Separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside. Others apart sat on a hill retired. Milton. The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself. Ps. iv. 3.

2. In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of thought; separately; independently; as, consider the two propositions apart.

3. Aside; away. "Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness." Jas. i. 21. Let Pleasure go, put Care apart. Keble.

4. In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; as, to take a piece of machinery apart.

APARTMENT
A*part"ment, n. Etym: [F. appartement; cf. It. appartamento, fr.
appartare to separate, set apart; all fr. L. ad + pars, partis, part.
See Apart.]

1. A room in a building; a division in a house, separated from others by partitions. Fielding.

2. A set or suite of rooms. De Quincey.

3. A compartment. [Obs.] Pope.

APARTMENT HOUSE
A*part"ment house.

Defn: A building comprising a number of suites designed for separate housekeeping tenements, but having conveniences, such as heat, light, elevator service, etc., furnished in common; — often distinguished in the United States from a flat house.

APARTNESS
A*part"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of standing apart.

APASTRON
Ap*as"tron, n. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: That point in the orbit of a double star where the smaller star is farthest from its primary.

APATHETIC; APATHETICAL
Ap`a*thet"ic, Ap`a*thet"ic*al a. Etym: [See Apathy.]

Defn: Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion; passionless; indifferent.

APATHETICALLY
Ap`a*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apathetic manner.

APATHIST
Ap"a*thist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apathiste.]

Defn: One who is destitute of feeling.

APATHISTICAL
Ap`a*this"tic*al, a.

Defn: Apathetic; une motional. [R.]

APATHY
Ap"a*thy, n.; pl. Apathies. Etym: [L. apathia, Gr. apathie. See
Pathos.]

Defn: Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or excitement; dispassion; — applied either to the body or the mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion. "The apathy of despair." Macaulay. A certain apathy or sluggishness in his nature which led him . . . to leave events to take their own course. Prescott. According to the Stoics, apathy meant the extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason. Fleming.

Note: In the first ages of the church, the Christians adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly concerns.

Syn. — Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference; unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness.

APATITE
Ap"a*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native phosphate of lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale green, transparent or translucent.

APAUME
A`pau`mé", n.

Defn: See Appaum.

APE Ape, n. Etym: [AS. apa; akin to D. aap, OHG. affo, G. affe, Icel. api, Sw. apa, Dan. abe, W. epa.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the family Simiadæ, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is applied esp. to species of the genus Hylobates, and is sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called anthropoid apes or man apes.

Note: The ape of the Old Testament was prqobably the rhesus monkey of
India, and allied forms.

2. One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the manners of the ape); a mimic. Byron.

3. A dupe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APE
Ape, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aped; p. pr. & vb. n. Aping.]

Defn: To mimic, as an ape imitates human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or irrationally. "How he apes his sire." Addison. The people of England will not ape the fashions they have never tried. Burke.

APEAK
A*peak", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + peak. Cf. F. à pic vertically.]
(Naut.)

Defn: In a vertical line. The anchor in apeak, when the cable has been sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is them said to be hove apeak. [Spelt also apeek.]

APEHOOD
Ape"hood, n.

Defn: The state of being an ape.

APELLOUS
A*pel"lous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + L. pellis skin.]

Defn: Destitute of skin. Brande & C.

APENNINE Ap"en*nine, a. Etym: [L. Apenninus, fr. Celtic pen, or ben, peak, mountain.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending through Italy.

APEPSY
A*pep"sy, n. Etym: [NL. apepsia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Defective digestion, indigestion. Coxe.

APER
Ap"er, n.

Defn: One who apes.

APERCU A`per`çu" (a`pâr`sus"), n.; pl. Aperçus (-sus"). [F., prop. p. p. of apercevoir to perceive.]

1.

Defn: A first view or glance, or the perception or estimation so obtained; an immediate apprehension or insight, appreciative rather than analytic.

The main object being to develop the several aperçus or insights which furnish the method of such psychology. W. T. Harris.

A series of partial and more or less disparate aperçus or outlooks; each for itself a center of experience. James Ward.

2. Hence, a brief or detached view; conspectus; sketch.

APEREA
A*pe"re*a, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild Guinea pig of Brazil (Cavia aperea).

APERIENT
A*pe"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. aperiens, p. pr. of aperire to uncover,
open; ab + parire, parere, to bring forth, produce. Cf. Cover,
Overt.] (Med.)

Defn: Gently opening the bowels; laxative.
 — n.

Defn: An aperient medicine or food. Arbuthnot.

APERITIVE
A*per"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. apéritif, fr. L. aperire.]

Defn: Serving to open; aperient. Harvey.

APERT
A*pert", a. Etym: [OF. apert, L. apertus, p. p. of aperire. See
Aperient, and cf. Pert, a.]

Defn: Open; ev [Archaic] Fotherby.

APERT
A*pert", adv.

Defn: Openly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APERTION
A*per"tion, n. Etym: [L. apertio.]

Defn: The act of opening; an opening; an aperture. [Archaic] Wiseman.

APERTLY
A*pert"ly, adv.

Defn: Openly; clearly. [Archaic]

APERTNESS
A*pert"ness, n.

Defn: Openness; frankness. [Archaic]

APERTURE
Ap"er*ture, n. Etym: [L. apertura, fr. aperire. See Aperient.]

1. The act of opening. [Obs.]

2. An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; as, an aperture in a wall. An aperture between the mountains. Gilpin. The back aperture of the nostrils. Owen.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: The diameter of the exposed part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical instrument; as, a telescope of four-inch aperture.

Note: The aperture of microscopes is often expressed in degrees, called also the angular aperture, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point viewed; as, a microscope of 100º aperture.

APERY
Ap"er*y, n.; pl. Aperies.

1. A place where apes are kept. [R.] Kingsley.

2. The practice of aping; an apish action. Coleridge.

APETALOUS
A*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See Illust. under Anther].

APETALOUSNESS
A*pet"al*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being apetalous.

APEX
A"pex, n.; pl. E. Apexes; L. Apices. Etym: [L.]

1. The tip, top, point, or angular summit of anything; as, the apex of a mountain, spire, or cone; the apex, or tip, of a leaf.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The end or edge of a vein nearest the surface. [U.S.] Apex of the earth's motion (Astron.), that point of the heavens toward which the earth is moving in its orbit.

APHAERESIS
A*phær"e*sis, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Apheresis.

APHAKIA
A*pha"ki*a, n. Etym: [NL.; Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An anomalous state of refraction caused by the absence of the crystalline lens, as after operations for cataract. The remedy is the use of powerful convex lenses. Dunglison.

APHAKIAL
A*pha"ki*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to aphakia; as, aphakial eyes.

APHANIPTERA
Aph`a*nip"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of wingless insects, of which the flea in the type. See
Flea.

APHANIPTEROUS
Aph`a*nip"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Aphaniptera.

APHANITE
Aph"a*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A very compact, dark-colored

APHANITIC
Aph`a*nit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Resembling aphanite; having a very fine-grained structure.

APHASIA; APHASY
A*pha"si*a, Aph"a*sy, n. Etym: [NL. aphasia, Gr. aphasie.] (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the power of speech, or of the appropriate use of words, the vocal organs remaining intact, and the intelligence being preserved. It is dependent on injury or disease of the brain.

APHASIC
A*pha"sic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or affected by, aphasia; speechless.

APHELION
A*phel"ion, n.; pl. Aphelia. Etym: [Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: That point of a planet's or comet's orbit which is most distant from the sun, the opposite point being the perihelion.

APHELIOTROPIC
A*phe`li*o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Turning away from the sun; — said of leaves, etc. Darwin.

APHELIOTROPISM
A*phe`li*ot"ro*pism, n.

Defn: The habit of bending from the sunlight; — said of certain plants.

APHEMIA
A*phe"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Loss of the power of speaking, while retaining the power of writing; — a disorder of cerebral origin.

APHERESIS
A*pher"e*sis, n. Etym: [L. aphaeresis, Gr.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: The dropping of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word; e. g., cute for acute.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An operation by which any part is separated from the rest.
[Obs.] Dunglison.

APHESIS
Aph"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The loss of a short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word; — the result of a phonetic process; as, squire for esquire. New Eng. Dict.

APHETIC
A*phet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Shortened by dropping a letter or a syllable from the beginning of a word; as, an aphetic word or form. — A*phet"ic*al*ly, adv. New Eng. Dict.

APHETISM
Aph"e*tism, n.

Defn: An aphetized form of a word. New Eng. Dict.

APHETIZE
Aph"e*tize, v. t.

Defn: To shorten by aphesis.
These words . . . have been aphetized. New Eng. Dict.

APHID
A"phid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the genus Aphis; an aphidian.

APHIDES
Aph"i*des, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Aphis.

APHIDIAN
A*phid"i*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Aphidæ.
 — n.

Defn: One of the aphides; an aphid.

APHIDIVOROUS
Aph`i*div"o*rous. Etym: [Aphis + L. vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Devouring aphides; aphidophagous.

APHIDOPHAGOUS
Aph`i*doph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Aphis + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding upon aphides, or plant lice, as do beetles of the family Coccinellidæ.

APHILANTHROPY
Aph`i*lan"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Want of love to mankind; — the opposite of philanthropy. Coxe.

APHIS
A"phis, n.; pl. Aphides. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects belonging to the order Hemiptera and family Aphidæ, including numerous species known as plant lice and green flies.

Note: Besides the true males and females, there is a race of wingless asexual individuals which have the power of producing living young in rapid succession, and these in turn may produce others of the same kind for several generations, before sexual individuals appear. They suck the sap of plants by means of a tubular proboscis, and owing to the wonderful rapidity of their reproduction become very destructive to vegetation. Many of the Aphidæ excrete honeydew from two tubes near the end of the body.

APHIS LION
A"phis li"on. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of the lacewinged flies (Chrysopa), which feeds voraciously upon aphids. The name is also applied to the larvæ of the ladybugs (Coccinella).

APHLOGISTIC
Aph`lo*gis"*tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Flameless; as, an aphlogistic lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame.

APHONIA; APHONY
A*pho"ni*a, Aph"o*ny, n. Etym: [NL. aphonia, Gr. aphonie.] (Med.)

Defn: Loss of voice or vocal utterance.

APHONIC; APHONOUS
A*phon"ic, Aph"o*nous, a.

Defn: Without voice; voiceless; nonvocal.

APHORISM
Aph"o*rism, n. Etym: [F. aphorisme, fr. Gr. Horizon.]

Defn: A comprehensive maxim or principle expressed in a few words; a sharply defined sentence relating to abstract truth rather than to practical matters. The first aphorism of Hippocrates is, "Life is short, and the art is long." Fleming.

Syn. — Axiom; maxim; adage; proverb; apothegm; saying; saw; truism; dictum. See Axiom.

APHORISMATIC; APHORISMIC
Aph`o*ris*mat"ic, Aph`o*ris"mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to aphorisms, or having the form of an aphorism.

APHORISMER
Aph`o*ris"mer n.

Defn: A dealer in aphorisms. [Used in derogation or contempt.]
Milton.

APHORIST
Aph"o*rist, n.

Defn: A writer or utterer of aphorisms.

APHORISTIC; APHORISTICAL
Aph`o*ris"tic, Aph`o*ris"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: In the form of, or of the nature of, an aphorism; in the form of short, unconnected sentences; as, an aphoristic style. The method of the book is aphoristic. De Quincey.

APHORISTICALLY
Aph`o*ris"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form or manner of aphorisms; pithily.

APHORIZE
Aph"o*rize, v. i.

Defn: To make aphorisms.

APHOTIC
A*pho"tic (a*fo"tik), a. [Gr. 'a`fws, 'a`fwtos.]

Defn: Without light.

APHOTIC REGION
Aphotic region. (Phytogeog.)

Defn: A depth of water so great that only those organisms can exist that do not assimilate.

APHRASIA A*phra"si*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. 'a priv. + fra`sis speech.] (Med.) (a) = Dumbness. (b) A disorder of speech in which words can be uttered but not intelligibly joined together.

APHRITE
Aph"rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See under Calcite.

APHRODISIAC; APHRODISIACAL
Aph`ro*dis"i*ac, Aph`ro*di*si"a*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. Aphrodite.]

Defn: Exciting venereal desire; provocative to venery.

APHRODISIAC
Aph`ro*dis"i*ac, n.

Defn: That which (as a drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery.

APHRODISIAN
Aph`ro*dis"i*an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Aphrodite or Venus. "Aphrodisian dames" [that is, courtesans]. C. Reade.

APHRODITE
Aph`ro*di"te, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Classic Myth.)

Defn: The Greek goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the
Romans.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large marine annelid, covered with long, lustrous, golden, hairlike setæ; the sea mouse.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful butterfly (Argunnis Aphrodite) of the United
States.

APHRODITIC
Aph`ro*dit"ic, a.

Defn: Venereal. [R.] Dunglison.

APHTHA Aph"tha, n. Etym: [Sing. of Aphthæ.] (Med.) (a) One of the whitish specks called aphthæ. (b) The disease, also called thrush.

APHTHAE
Aph"thæ, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Roundish pearl-colored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly characteristic of thrush.

APHTHOID
Aph"thoid, a. Etym: [Aphtha + -oid.]

Defn: Of the nature of aphthæ; resembling thrush.

APHTHONG
Aph"thong, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A letter, or a combination of letters, employed in spelling a word, but in the pronunciation having no sound. — Aph*thon"gal, a.

APHTHOUS
Aph"thous a. Etym: [Cf. F. aphtheux.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or caused by, aphthæ; characterized by aphtæ; as, aphthous ulcers; aphthous fever.

APHYLLOUS
Aph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of leaves, as the broom rape, certain euphorbiaceous plants, etc.

APIACEOUS
A`pi*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Umbelliferous.

APIAN
A"pi*an, a.

Defn: Belonging to bees.

APIARIAN
A`pi*a"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to bees.

APIARIST
A"pi*a*rist, n.

Defn: One who keeps an apiary.

APIARY
A"pi*a*ry, n. Etym: [L. apiarium, fr. apis bee.]

Defn: A place where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees; a beehouse.

APICAL
Ap"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. apex, apicis, tip or summit.]

Defn: At or belonging to an apex, tip, or summit. Gray.

APICES
Ap"i*ces, n. pl.

Defn: See Apex.

APICIAN
A*pi"cian, a. Etym: [L. Apicianus.]

Defn: Belonging to Apicius, a notorious Roman epicure; hence applied to whatever is peculiarly refined or dainty and expensive in cookery. H. Rogers.

APICULAR
A*pic"u*lar, a. Etym: [NL. apiculus, dim. of L. apex, apicis.]

Defn: Situated at, or near, the apex; apical.

APICULATE; APICULATED
A*pic"u*late, A*pic"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Apicular.] (Bot.)

Defn: Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a leaf.

APICULTURE
Ap"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. apis bee + E. culture.]

Defn: Rearing of bees for their honey and wax.

APIECE
A*piece", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + piece.]

Defn: Each by itself; by the single one; to each; as the share of each; as, these melons cost a shilling apiece. "Fined . . . a thousand pounds apiece." Hume.

APIECES
A*pie"ces, adv.

Defn: In pieces or to pieces. [Obs.] "Being torn apieces." Shak.

APIKED
A*pik"ed, a.

Defn: Trimmed. [Obs.]
Full fresh and new here gear apiked was. Chaucer.

APIOL
A"pi*ol, n. Etym: [L. apium parsley + -ol.] (Med.)

Defn: An oily liquid derived from parsley.

APIOLOGIST
A`pi*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [L. apis bee + -logist (see -logy).]

Defn: A student of bees. [R.] Emerson.

APIOLOGY
A`pi*ol"o*gy, n. [L. apis bee + -logy.]

Defn: The scientific or systematic study of honey bees.

APIS
A"pis, n. Etym: [L., bee.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects of the order Hymenoptera, including the common honeybee (Apis mellifica) and other related species. See Honeybee.

APISH
Ap"ish, a.

Defn: Having the qualities of an ape; prone to imitate in a servile
manner. Hence: Apelike; fantastically silly; foppish; affected;
trifling.
The apish gallantry of a fantastic boy. Sir W. Scott.

APISHLY
Ap"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apish manner; with servile imitation; foppishly.

APISHNESS
Ap"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being apish; mimicry; foppery.

APITPAT
A*pit"pat, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + pitpat.]

Defn: With quick beating or palpitation; pitapat. Congreve.

APLACENTAL
Ap`la*cen"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + placental.]

Defn: Belonging to the Aplacentata; without placenta.

APLACENTATA
Ap`la*cen*ta"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Pref. a- not + placenta.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Mammals which have no placenta.

APLACOPHORA
Ap`la*coph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Amphineura in which the body is naked or covered with slender spines or setæ, but is without shelly plates.

APLANATIC
Ap`la*nat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: Having two or more parts of different curvatures, so combined as to remove spherical aberration; — said of a lens. Aplanatic focus of a lens (Opt.), the point or focus from which rays diverging pass the lens without spherical aberration. In certain forms of lenses there are two such foci; and it is by taking advantage of this fact that the best aplanatic object glasses of microscopes are constructed.

APLANATISM
A*plan"a*tism, n.

Defn: Freedom from spherical aberration.

APLANOGAMETE
A*plan`o*ga*mete", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A nonmotile gamete, found in certain lower algæ.

APLASIA
A*pla"si*a, n. [NL.; Gr. priv. + a molding.] (Med.)

Defn: Incomplete or faulty development.

APLASTIC
A*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + plastic.]

Defn: Not plastic or easily molded.

APLOMB
A`plomb", n. Etym: [F., lit. perpendicularity; plomb lead. See
Plumb.]

Defn: Assurance of manner or of action; self-possession.

APLOTOMY
A*plot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Simple incision. Dunglison.

APLUSTRE
A*plus"tre, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An ornamental appendage of wood at the ship's stern, usually spreading like a fan and curved like a bird's feather. Audsley.

APLYSIA
A*plys"i*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine mollusks of the order Tectibranchiata; the sea hare. Some of the species when disturbed throw out a deep purple liquor, which colors the water to some distance. See Illust. in Appendix.

APNEUMATIC
Ap`neu*mat"ic, a. [Gr. not blown through.] (Med.)

Defn: Devoid of air; free from air; as, an apneumatic lung; also, effected by or with exclusion of air; as, an apneumatic operation.

APNEUMONA
Ap*neu"mo*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of holothurians in which the internal respiratory organs are wanting; — called also Apoda or Apodes.

APNOEA; APNEA
Ap*nae"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Partial privation or suspension of breath; suffocation.

APO
Ap"o. Etym: [Gr. Ab-.]

Defn: A prefix from a Greek preposition. It usually signifies from, away from, off, or asunder, separate; as, in apocope (a cutting off), apostate, apostle (one sent away), apocarpous.

APOCALYPSE
A*poc"a*lypse, n. Etym: [L. apocalypsis, Gr. apocalypse.]

1. The revelation delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of the first century, forming the last book of the New Testament.

2. Anything viewed as a revelation; as disclosure. The new apocalypse of Nature. Carlyle.

APOCALYPTIC; APOCALYPTICAL
A*poc`a*lyp"tic, A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a revelation, or, specifically, to the Revelation of St. John; containing, or of the nature of, a prophetic revelation. Apocolyptic number, the number 666, mentioned in Rev. xiii. 18. It has been variously interpreted.

APOCALYPTIC; APOCALYPTIST
A*poc`a*lyp"tic, A*poc`a*lyp"tist, n.

Defn: The writer of the Apocalypse.

APOCALYPTICALLY
A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By revelation; in an apocalyptic manner.

APOCARPOUS
Ap`o*car"pous, a. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Either entirely of partially separate, as the carpels of a compound pistil; — opposed to syncarpous. Lindley.

APOCHROMATIC
Ap`o*chro*mat"ic, a. [Pref. apo-+ chromatic.] (Optics)

Defn: Free from chromatic and spherical aberration; — said esp. of a lens in which rays of three or more colors are brought to the same focus, the degree of achromatism thus obtained being more complete than where two rays only are thus focused, as in the ordinary achromatic objective. —Ap`o*chro"ma*tism (#), n.

APOCODEINE
Ap`o*co*de"ine, n. [Pref. apo-+ codeine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid, , prepared from codeine. In its effects it resembles apomorphine.

APOCOPATE A*poc"o*pate, v. t. Etym: [LL. apocopatus, p. p. of apocopare to cut off, fr. L. apocore. See Apocope.] (Gram.)

Defn: To cut off or drop; as, to apocopate a word, or the last letter, syllable, or part of a word.

APOCOPATE; APOCOPATED
A*poc"o*pate, A*poc"o*pa`ted, a.

Defn: Shortened by apocope; as, an apocopate form.

APOCOPATION
A*poc`o*pa"tion, n.

Defn: Shortening by apocope; the state of being apocopated.

APOCOPE
A*poc"o*pe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The cutting off, or omission, of the last letter, syllable, or part of a word.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A cutting off; abscission.

APOCRISIARY; APOCRISIARIUS Ap`o*cris"i*a*ry, Ap`o*cris`i*a"ri*us, n. Etym: [L. apocrisiarius, apocrisarius, fr. Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: A delegate or deputy; especially, the pope's nuncio or legate at Constantinople.

APOCRUSTIC
Ap`o*crus"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Astringent and repellent.
 — n.

Defn: An apocrustic medicine.

APOCRYPHA
A*poc"ry*pha, n. pl., but often used as sing. with pl. Apocryphas.
Etym: [L. apocryphus apocryphal, Gr.

1. Something, as a writing, that is of doubtful authorship or authority; — formerly used also adjectively. [Obs.] Locke.

2. Specif.: Certain writings which are received by some Christians as an authentic part of the Holy Scriptures, but are rejected by others.

Note: Fourteen such writings, or books, formed part of the Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews of Palestine. The Council of Trent included all but three of these in the canon of inspired books having equal authority. The German and English Reformers grouped them in their Bibles under the title Apocrypha, as not having dogmatic authority, but being profitable for instruction. The Apocrypha is now commonly

APOCRYPHAL
A*poc"ry*phal, a.

1. Pertaining to the Apocrypha.

2. Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority; equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false. The passages . . . are, however, in part from apocryphal or fictitious works. Sir G. C. Lewis.

APOCRYPHALIST
A*poc"ry*phal*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in, or defends, the Apocrypha. [R.]

APOCRYPHALLY
A*poc"ry*phal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apocryphal manner; mythically; not indisputably.

APOCRYPHALNESS
A*poc"ry*phal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being apocryphal; doubtfulness of credit or genuineness.

APOCYNACEOUS; APOCYNEOUS
A*poc`y*na"ceous, Ap`o*cyn"e*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a family of plants, of which the dogbane (Apocynum) is the type.

APOCYNIN
A*poc"y*nin, n. Etym: [From Apocynum, the generic name of dogbane.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle obtained from the dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum).

APOD; APODAL
Ap"od, Ap"o*dal, a. Etym: [See Apod, n.]

1. Without feet; footless.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of the ventral fin, as the eels.

APOD; APODE
Ap"od, Ap"ode, n.; pl. Apods or Apodes. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of certain animals that have no feet or footlike organs; esp. one of certain fabulous birds which were said to have no feet.

Note: The bird of paradise formerly had the name Paradisea apoda, being supposed to have no feet, as these were wanting in the specimens first obtained from the East Indies.

APODA Ap"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Apod, n.] (Zoöl.) (a) A group of cirripeds, destitute of footlike organs. (b) An order of Amphibia without feet. See Ophiomorpha. (c) A group of worms without appendages, as the leech.

APODAN
Ap"o*dan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Apodal.

APODEICTIC; APODICTIC; APODEICTICAL; APODICTICAL
Ap"o*deic"tic, Ap`o*dic"tic, Ap`o*deic"tic*al, Ap`o*dic"tic*al, a.
Etym: [L. apodicticus, Gr.

Defn: Self-evident; intuitively true; evident beyond contradiction.
Brougham. Sir Wm. Hamilton.

APODEICTICALLY; APODICTICALLY
Ap`o*deic"tic*al*ly, Ap`o*dic"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to be evident beyond contradiction.

APODEME
Ap"o*deme, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.

APODES Ap"o*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., masc. pl. See Apoda.] (Zoöl.) (a) An order of fishes without ventral fins, including the eels. (b) A group of holothurians destitute of suckers. See Apneumona.

APODICTIC
Ap`o*dic"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Apodeictic.

APODIXIS
Ap`o*dix"is, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: Full demonstration.

APODOSIS
A*pod"o*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The consequent clause or conclusion in a conditional sentence, expressing the result, and thus distinguished from the protasis or clause which expresses a condition. Thus, in the sentence, "Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him," the former clause is the protasis, and the latter the apodosis.

Note: Some grammarians extend the terms protasis and apodosis to the introductory clause and the concluding clause, even when the sentence is not conditional.

APODOUS
Ap"o*dous(#), a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Apodal; apod.

APODYTERIUM
A*pod`y*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: The apartment at the entrance of the baths, or in the palestra, where one stripped; a dressing room.

APOGAIC
Ap`o*ga"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Apogean.

APOGAMIC
Ap`o*gam"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to apogamy.

APOGAMY
A*pog"a*my, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or oöspore. De Bary.

APOGEAL
Ap`o*ge"al, a. (Astron.)

Defn: Apogean.

APOGEAN
Ap`o*ge"an, a.

Defn: Connected with the apogee; as, apogean (neap) tides, which occur when the moon has passed her apogee.

APOGEE
Ap"o*gee, n. Etym: [Gr. apogée.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the earth.

Note: Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the center of the system, this name was given to that point in the orbit of the sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the greatest distance from the earth.

2. Fig.: The farthest or highest point; culmination.

APOGEOTROPIC
Ap`o*ge`o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bending away from the ground; — said of leaves, etc. Darwin.

APOGEOTROPISM
Ap"o*ge*ot"ro*pism, n.

Defn: The apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts.

APOGRAPH
Ap"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. apographe.]

Defn: A copy or transcript. Blount.

APOHYAL
Ap`o*hy"al, a. Etym: [Pref. apo- + the Gr. letter Y.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a portion of the horn of the hyoid bone.

APOISE
A*poise", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + poise.]

Defn: Balanced.

APOLAR
A*po"lar, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + polar.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having no radiating processes; — applied particularly to certain nerve cells.

APOLAUSTIC
Ap`o*laus"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Devoted to enjoyment.

APOLLINARIAN
A*pol`li*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Apollinaris, fr. Apollo.] (Rom.
Antiq.)

Defn: In honor of Apollo; as, the Apollinarian games.

APOLLINARIAN
A*pol`li*na"ri*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea in the fourth century, who denied the proper humanity of Christ.

APOLLINARIS WATER
A*pol`li*na"ris wa"ter.

Defn: An effervescing alkaline mineral water used as a table beverage. It is obtained from a spring in Apollinarisburg, near Bonn.

APOLLO
A*pol"lo, n. Etym: [L. Apollo, -linis, Gr. (Classic Myth.)

Defn: A deity among the Greeks and Romans. He was the god of light and day (the "sun god"), of archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; — called also Phébus. The Apollo Belvedere, a celebrated statue of Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome, esteemed of the noblest representations of the human frame.

APOLLONIAN; APOLLONIC
Ap`ol*lo"ni*an, Ap`ol*lon"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.

APOLLYON
A*pol"ly*on, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The Destroyer; — a name used (Rev. ix. 11) for the angel of the bottomless pit, answering to the Hebrew Abaddon.

APOLOGER
A*pol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A teller of apologues. [Obs.]

APOLOGETIC; APOLOGETICAL
A*pol`o*get"ic, A*pol`o*get"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Logic.]

Defn: Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense, or by way of apology; regretfully excusing; as, an apologetic essay. "To speak in a subdued and apologetic tone." Macaulay.

APOLOGETICALLY
A*pol`o*get"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of apology.

APOLOGETICS
A*pol`o*get"ics, n.

Defn: That branch of theology which defends the Holy Scriptures, and sets forth the evidence of their divine authority.

APOLOGIST
A*pol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apologiste.]

Defn: One who makes an apology; one who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an institution; especially, one who argues in defense of Christianity.

APOLOGIZE
A*pol"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Apologized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apologizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. apologiser.]

1. To make an apology or defense. Dr. H. More.

2. To make an apology or excuse; to make acknowledgment of some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends; — with for; as, my correspondent apologized for not answering my letter. To apologize for his insolent language. Froude.

APOLOGIZE
A*pol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To defend. [Obs.]
The Christians . . . were apologized by Plinie. Dr. G. Benson.

APOLOGIZER
A*pol"o*gi`zer, n.

Defn: One who makes an apology; an apologist.

APOLOGUE
Ap"o*logue, n. Etym: [L. apologous, Gr. apologue.]

Defn: A story or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey some moral truth; a moral fable.

Note: An apologue differs from a parable in this;: the parable is drawn from events which take place among mankind, and therefore requires probability in the narrative; the apologue is founded on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore is not limited by strict rules of probability. Æsop's fables are good examples of apologues.

APOLOGY
A*pol"o*gy, n.; pl. Apologies . Etym: [L. apologia, Gr. apologie. See
Apologetic.]

1. Something said or written in defense or justification of what appears to others wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification; as, Tertullian's Apology for Christianity. It is not my intention to make an apology for my poem; some will think it needs no excuse, and others will receive none. Dryden.

2. An acknowledgment intended as an atonement for some improper or injurious remark or act; an admission to another of a wrong or discourtesy done him, accompanied by an expression of regret.

3. Anything provided as a substitute; a makeshift. He goes to work devising apologies for window curtains. Dickens.

Syn. — Excuse. An apology, in the original sense of the word, was a pleading off from some charge or imputation, by explaining and defending one's principles or conduct. It therefore amounted to a vindication. One who offers an apology, admits himself to have been, at least apparently, in the wrong, but brings forward some palliating circumstance, or tenders a frank acknowledgment, by way of reparation. We make an apology for some breach of propriety or decorum (like rude expressions, unbecoming conduct, etc.), or some deficiency in what might be reasonably expected. We offer an excuse when we have been guilty of some breach or neglect of duty; and we do it by way of extenuating our fault, and with a view to be forgiven. When an excuse has been accepted, an apology may still, in some cases, be necessary or appropriate. "An excuse is not grounded on the claim of innocence, but is rather an appeal for favor resting on some collateral circumstance. An apology mostly respects the conduct of individuals toward each other as equals; it is a voluntary act produced by feelings of decorum, or a desire for the good opinion of others." Crabb.

APOLOGY
A*pol"o*gy, v. i.

Defn: To offer an apology. [Obs.]
For which he can not well apology. J. Webster.

APOMECOMETER
Ap`o*me*com"e*ter, n.

Defn: An instrument for measuring the height of objects. Knight.

APOMECOMETRY
Ap`o*me*com"e*try, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art of measuring the distance of objects afar off. [Obs. or
R.]

APOMORPHIA; APOMORPHINE Ap`o*mor"phi*a, Ap`o*mor"phine, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + morphia, morphine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline alkaloid obtained from morphia. It is a powerful emetic.

APONEUROSIS
Ap`o*neu*ro"sis, n.; pl. Aponeuroses. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Any one of the thicker and denser of the deep fasciæ which
cover, invest, and the terminations and attachments of, many muscles.
They often differ from tendons only in being flat and thin. See
Fascia.

APONEUROTIC
Ap`o*neu*rot"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an aponeurosis.

APONEUROTOMY
Ap`o*neu*rot"o*my, n. Etym: [Aponeurosis + Gr.

Defn: Dissection of aponeuroses.

APOPEMPTIC
Ap`o*pemp"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Sung or addressed to one departing; valedictory; as, apoplectic songs or hymns.

APOPHASIS
A*poph"a*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a speaker formally declines to take notice of a favorable point, but in such a manner as to produce the effect desired. [For example, see Mark Antony's oration. Shak., Julius Cæsar, iii. 2.]

APOPHLEGMATIC
Ap`o*phleg*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Phlegmatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Designed to facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from mouth or nostrils. — n.

Defn: An apohlegmatic medicine.

APOPHLEGMATISM
Ap`o*phleg"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The action of apophlegmatics.

2. An apophlegmatic. [Obs.] Bacon.

APOPHLEGMATIZANT
Ap`o*phleg*mat"i*zant, n. (Med.)

Defn: An apophlegmatic. [Obs.]

APOPHTHEGM
Ap`oph*thegm, n.

Defn: See Apothegm.

APOPHTHEGMATIC; APOPHTHEGMATICAL
Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic, Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Apothegmatic.

APOPHYGE
A*poph"y*ge, n. Etym: [Gr. apophyge.] (Arch.)

Defn: The small hollow curvature given to the top or bottom of the shaft of a column where it expands to meet the edge of the fillet; — called also the scape. Parker.

APOPHYLLITE
A*poph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [Pref. apo- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral relating to the zeolites, usually occurring in square prisms or octahedrons with pearly luster on the cleavage surface. It is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium.

APOPHYSIS
A*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. -ses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A marked prominence or process on any part of a bone.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An enlargement at the top of a pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses. Gray.

APOPLECTIC; APOPLECTICAL Ap`o*plec"tic(#) Ap`o*plec"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. apoplecticus, Gr. apoplectique. See Apoplexy.]

Defn: Relating to apoplexy; affected with, inclined to, or symptomatic of, apoplexy; as, an apoplectic person, medicine, habit or temperament, symptom, fit, or stroke.

APOPLECTIC
Ap`o*plec"tic, n.

Defn: One liable to, or affected with, apoplexy.

APOPLECTIFORM; APOPLECTOID Ap`o*plec"ti*form, Ap`o*plec"toid, a. Etym: [Apoplectic + -form, - oid.]

Defn: Resembling apoplexy.

APOPLEX
Ap"o*plex, n.

Defn: Apoplexy. [Obs.] Dryden.

APOPLEXED
Ap`o*plexed, a.

Defn: Affected with apoplexy. [Obs.] Shak.

APOPLEXY Ap"o*plex`y, n. Etym: [OE. poplexye, LL. poplexia, apoplexia, fr. Gr. apoplexie. See Plague.] (Med.)

Defn: Sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain.

Note: The term is now usually limited to cerebral apoplexy, or loss of consciousness due to effusion of blood or other lesion within the substance of the brain; but it is sometimes extended to denote an effusion of blood into the substance of any organ; as, apoplexy of the lung.

APORETICAL
Ap`o*ret"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Aporia.]

Defn: Doubting; skeptical. [Obs.] Cudworth.

APORIA
A*po"ri*a, n.; pl. Aporias. Etym: [L., doubt, Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which the speaker professes to be at a loss what course to pursue, where to begin to end, what to say, etc.

APOROSA
Ap`o*ro"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Aporia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of corals in which the coral is not porous; — opposed to Perforata.

APOROSE
Ap`o*rose", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without pores.

APORT
A*port", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + port.] (Naut.)

Defn: On or towards the port or left side; — said of the helm.

APOSEMATIC
Ap`o*se*mat"ic, a. [Pref. apo-+ sematic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having or designating conspicuous or warning colors or structures indicative of special means of defense against enemies, as in the skunk.

APOSIOPESIS
Ap`o*si`o*pe"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which the speaker breaks off suddenly, as if unwilling or unable to state what was in his mind; as, "I declare to you that his conduct — but I can not speak of that, here."

APOSITIC
Ap`o*sit"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Destroying the appetite, or suspending hunger.

APOSTASY
A*pos"ta*sy, n.; pl. Apostasies. Etym: [OE. apostasie, F. apostasie,
L. apostasia, fr. Gr. Off and Stand.]

Defn: An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the renunciation of a religious faith; as, Julian's apostasy from Christianity.

APOSTATE
A*pos"tate, n. Etym: [L. apostata, Gr. Apostasy.]

1. One who has forsaken the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered; esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a renegade.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One who, after having received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession.

APOSTATE
A*pos"tate, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, apostasy; faithless to
moral allegiance; renegade.
So spake the apostate angel. Milton.
A wretched and apostate state. Steele.

APOSTATE
A*pos"tate, v. i. Etym: [L. apostatare.]

Defn: To apostatize. [Obs.]
We are not of them which apostate from Christ. Bp. Hall.

APOSTATIC
Ap`o*stat"ic, a. Etym: [L. apostaticus, Gr.

Defn: Apostatical. [R.]

APOSTATICAL
Ap`o*stat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Apostate.
An heretical and apostatical church. Bp. Hall.

APOSTATIZE
A*pos"ta*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Apostatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apostatizing.] Etym: [LL. apostatizare.]

Defn: To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has previously adhered. He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to believing in Carlyle.

APOSTEMATE
A*pos"te*mate, v. i. Etym: [See Aposteme.]

Defn: To form an abscess; to swell and fill with pus. Wiseman.

APOSTEMATION
A*pos`te*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. apostematio: cf. F. apostémation.]
(Med.)

Defn: The formation of an aposteme; the process of suppuration.
[Written corruptly imposthumation.] Wiseman.

APOSTEMATOUS
Ap`os*tem"a*tous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an aposteme.

APOSTEME
Ap"os*teme, n. Etym: [L. apostema, Gr. apostème. See Apostasy.]
(Med.)

Defn: An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter. [Written corruptly imposthume.]

A POSTERIORI
A` pos*te`ri*o"ri. Etym: [L. a (ab) + posterior latter.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: Characterizing that kind of reasoning which derives propositions from the observation of facts, or by generalizations from facts arrives at principles and definitions, or infers causes from effects. This is the reverse of a priori reasoning.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: Applied to knowledge which is based upon or derived from facts through induction or experiment; inductive or empirical.

APOSTIL; APOSTILLE
A*pos"til, A*pos"tille, n. Etym: [F. apostille. See Postil.]

Defn: A marginal note on a letter or other paper; an annotation.
Motley.

APOSTLE A*pos"tle, n. Etym: [OE. apostle, apostel, postle, AS. apostol, L. apostolus, fr. Gr. stellen to set, E. stall: cf. F. apôtre, Of. apostre, apostle, apostele, apostole.]

1. Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel. He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles. Luke vi. 13.

Note: The title of apostle is also applied to others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and dignity; as, "Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ." 1 Cor. i. 1. In Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church, other ministers were called apostles (Rom. xvi. 7).

2. The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France, John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald Mathew the apostle of temperance.

3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law)

Defn: A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the admiralty courts. Wharton. Burrill. Apostles' creed, a creed of unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth century. — Apostle spoon (Antiq.), a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild. B. Jonson.

APOSTLESHIP
A*pos"tle*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of an apostle.

APOSTOLATE
A*pos"to*late, n. Etym: [L. apostolatus, fr. apostolus. See Apostle.]

1. The dignity, office, or mission, of an apostle; apostleship. Judas had miscarried and lost his apostolate. Jer. Taylor.

2. The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder of the apostolic see.

APOSTOLIC; APOSTOLICAL Ap`os*tol"ic, Ap`os*tol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. apostolicus, Gr. apostolique.]

1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age.

2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice.

3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. Apostolical brief. See under Brief. — Apostolic canons, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. — Apostolic church, the Christian church; — so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. — Apostolic constitutions, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. — Apostolic fathers, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. — Apostolic king (or majesty), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. — Apostolic see, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; — so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. — Apostolical succession, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. Hook.

APOSTOLIC
Ap`os*tol"ic, n. Etym: [L. apostolicus.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times professed to imitate the practice of the apostles.

APOSTOLICALLY
Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apostolic manner.

APOSTOLICALNESS
Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: Apostolicity. Dr. H. More.

APOSTOLIC DELEGATE
Ap`os*tol"ic del"e*gate. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The diplomatic agent of the pope highest in grade, superior to a nuncio.

APOSTOLICISM; APOSTOLICITY
Ap`os*tol"i*cism, A*pos`to*lic"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being apostolical.

APOSTROPHE A*pos"tro*phe, n. Etym: [(1) L., fr. Gr. apostrophus apostrophe, the turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr.

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech by which the orator or writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or thing, absent or present; as, Milton's apostrophe to Light at the beginning of the third book of "Paradise Lost."

2. (Gram.)

Defn: The contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have been; as, call'd for called.

3. The mark ['] used to denote that a word is contracted (as in ne'er for never, can't for can not), and as sign of the possessive, singular and plural; as, a boy's hat, boys' hats. In the latter use it originally marked the omission of the letter e.

Note: The apostrophe is used to mark the plural of figures and letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark the close of a quotation.

APOSTROPHIC
Ap`os*troph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or rhetorical.

APOSTROPHIZE A*pos"tro*phize, v. t., Etym: [imp. & p. p. Apostrophized; p. pr. & vb. n. Apostrophizing.]

1. To address by apostrophe.

2. To contract by omitting a letter or letters; also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes.

APOSTROPHIZE
A*pos"tro*phize, v. i.

Defn: To use the rhetorical figure called apostrophe.

APOSTUME
Ap"os*tume, n.

Defn: See Aposteme. [Obs.]

APOTACTITE
Ap`o*tac"tite, n. Etym: [LL. pl. apotactitae, Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation of the first believers, renounced all their possessions.

APOTELESM
A*pot"e*lesm, n. Etym: [See Apotelesmatic.]

1. The result or issue. [Obs.]

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: The calculation and explanation of a nativity. [Obs.] Bailey.

APOTELESMATIC
Ap`o*tel`es*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Relating to the casting of horoscopes. [Archaic] Whewell.

2. Relating to an issue of fulfillment. In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather comprise, an apotelesmatic sense, i. e., one of after or final accomplishment. M. Stuart.

APOTHECARY
A*poth"e*ca*ry, n.; pl. Apothecaries. Etym: [OE. apotecarie, fr. LL.
apothecarius, fr. L. apotheca storehouse, Gr. apo, fr. apothicaire,
OF. apotecaire. See Thesis.]

Defn: One who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes.

Note: In England an apothecary is one of a privileged class of practitioners — a kind of sub-physician. The surgeon apothecary is the ordinary family medical attendant. One who sells drugs and makes up prescriptions is now commonly called in England a druggist or a pharmaceutical chemist. Apothecaries' weight, the system of weights by which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24 scruples, 480 grains. See Troy weight.

APOTHECIUM
Apo`*the"ci*um, n.; pl. Apothecia. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ascigerous fructification of lichens, forming masses of various shapes.

APOTHEGM; APOPHTHEGM
Ap"o*thegm, Ap"oph*thegm, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark, conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or maxim.

Note: [Apothegm is now the prevalent spelling in the United States.]

APOTHEGMATIC; APOTHEGMATICAL
Ap`o*theg*mat"ic, Ap`o*theg*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an apotghem; sententious; pithy.

APOTHEGMATIST
Ap`o*theg"ma*tist, n.

Defn: A collector or maker of apothegms. Pope.

APOTHEGMATIZE
Ap`o*theg"ma*tize, v. i.

Defn: To utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings.

APOTHEM
Ap"o*them, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Math.)

Defn: The perpendicular from the center to one of the sides of a regular polygon.

2. A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a vegetable substance by exposure to the air.

APOTHEOSIS
Ap`o*the"o*sis, n. pl. Apotheoses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of, and placing him among, "the gods;" deification.

2. Glorification; exaltation. "The apotheosis of chivalry." Prescott. "The noisy apotheosis of liberty and machinery." F. Harrison.

APOTHEOSIZE
Ap`o*the"o*size, v. t.

Defn: To exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to deify; to glorify.

APOTHESIS A*poth"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. Apothecary.] (Arch.) (a) A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments, etc. Weale. (b) A dressing room connected with a public bath.

APOTOME
A*pot"o*me, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Math.)

Defn: The difference between two quantities commensurable only in power, as between sq. root2 and 1, or between the diagonal and side of a square.

2. (Mus)

Defn: The remaining part of a whole tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major semitone. [Obs.]

APOZEM
Ap"o*zem, n. Etym: [L. apozema, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A decoction or infusion. [Obs.] Wiseman.

APOZEMICAL
Ap`o*zem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction. [Obs.] J. Whitaker.

APPAIR
Ap*pair", v. t. & i. Etym: [OF. empeirier, F. empire. See Impair.]

Defn: To impair; to grow worse. [Obs.]

APPALACHIAN
Ap`pa*la"chi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly called the Allegheny mountains.

Note: The name Appalachian was given to the mountains by the
Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the heighboring Indians.
Am. Cyc.

APPALL
Ap*pall", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Appalling.]
Etym: [OF. appalir to grow pale, make pale; a (L. ad) + pâlir to grow
pale, to make pale, pâle pale. See Pale, a., and cf. Pall.]

1. To make pale; to blanch. [Obs.] The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . . Hath so appalled my countenance. Wyatt.

2. To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; as, an old appalled wight. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it will lose the strength, and become appalled in extremity of cold. Holland.

3. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay; as, the sight appalled the stoutest heart. The house of peers was somewhat appalled at this alarum. Clarendon.

Syn.
 — To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright; scare; depress.
See Dismay.

APPALL
Ap*pall", v. i.

1. To grow faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged. [Obs.] Gower.

2. To lose flavor or become stale. [Obs.]

APPALL
Ap*pall", n.

Defn: Terror; dismay. [Poet.] Cowper.

APPALLING
Ap*pall"ing, a.

Defn: Such as to appall; as, an appalling accident.
 — Ap*pall"ing*ly, adv.

APPALLMENT
Ap*pall"ment, n.

Defn: Depression occasioned by terror; dismay. [Obs.] Bacon.

APPANAGE Ap"pa*nage, n. Etym: [F. apanage, fr. OF. apaner to nourish, support, fr. LL. apanare to furnish with bread, to provision; L. ad + pains bread.]

1. The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the subsistence of his younger sons.

2. A dependency; a dependent territory.

3. That which belongs to one by custom or right; a natural adjunct or accompaniment. "Wealth . . . the appanage of wit." Swift.

APPANAGIST
Ap*pan"a*gist, n. Etym: [F. apanagiste.]

Defn: A prince to whom an appanage has been granted.

APPARAILLYNG
Ap*par"ail*lyng, n. Etym: [See Apparel, n. & v.]

Defn: Preparation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APPARATUS Ap"pa*ratus, n.; pl. Apparatus, also rarely Apparatuses. Etym: [L., from apparare, apparatum, to prepare; ad + prepare to make ready.]

1. Things provided as means to some end.

2. Hence: A full collection or set of implements, or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: A collection of organs all of which unite in a common function; as, the respiratory apparatus.

APPAREL Ap*par"el, n. Etym: [OE. apparel, apareil, OF. apareil, appareil, preparation, provision, furniture, OF. apareiller to match, prepare, F. appareiller; OF. a (L. ad) + pareil like, similar, fr. LL. pariculus, dim. of L. par equal. See Pair.]

1. External clothing; vesture; garments; dress; garb; external habiliments or array. Fresh in his new apparel, proud and young. Denham. At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear in the natural apparel of simplicity. Tatler.

2. A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on albs and some other ecclesiastical vestments.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The furniture of a ship, as masts, sails, rigging, anchors, guns, etc.

Syn. — Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb; costume; attire; habiliments.

APPAREL Ap*par"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appareled, or Apparelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Appareling, or Apparelling.] Etym: [OF. apareiller.]

1. To make or get (something) ready; to prepare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit out. Ships . . . appareled to fight. Hayward.

3. To dress or clothe; to attire. They which are gorgeously appareled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts. Luke vii. 25.

4. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something ornamental; to deck; to embellish; as, trees appareled with flowers, or a garden with verdure. Appareled in celestial light. Wordsworth.

APPARENCE
Ap*par"ence, n. Etym: [OF. aparence.]

Defn: Appearance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APPARENCY
Ap*par"en*cy, n.

1. Appearance. [Obs.]

2. Apparentness; state of being apparent. Coleridge.

3. The position of being heir apparent.

APPARENT Ap*par"ent, a. Etym: [F. apparent, L. apparens, -entis, p. pr. of apparere. See Appear.]

1. Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye; within sight or view. The moon . . . apparent queen. Milton.

2. Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable. It is apparent foul play. Shak.

3. Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming; as the apparent motion or diameter of the sun. To live on terms of civility, and even of apparent friendship. Macaulay. What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers called apparent magnitude. Reid. Apparent horizon, the circle which in a level plain bounds our view, and is formed by the apparent meeting of the earth and heavens, as distinguished from the rational horizon. — Apparent time. See Time. — Heir apparent (Law), one whose to an estate is indefeasible if he survives the ancestor; — in distinction from presumptive heir. See Presumptive.

Syn. — Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain; evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious.

APPARENT
Ap*par"ent, n.

Defn: An heir apparent. [Obs.]
I'll draw it [the sword] as apparent to the crown. Shak.

APPARENTLY
Ap*par"ent*ly, adv.

1. Visibly. [Obs.] Hobbes.

2. Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently. If he should scorn me so apparently. Shak.

3. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be apparently friendly, yet malicious in heart.

APPARENTNESS
Ap*par"ent*ness, n.

Defn: Plainness to the eye or the mind; visibleness; obviousness.
[R.] Sherwood.

APPARITION
Ap`pa*ri"tion, n. Etym: [F. apparition, L. apparitio, fr. apparere.
See Appear.]

1. The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility. Milton. The sudden apparition of the Spaniards. Prescott. The apparition of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much speculation in that portion of the world. Sir W. Scott.

2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a form. Which apparition, it seems, was you. Tatler.

3. An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural appearance; a ghost; a specter; a phantom. "The heavenly bands . . . a glorious apparition." Milton. I think it is the weakness of mine eyes That shapes this monstrous apparition. Shak.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The first appearance of a star or other luminary after having been invisible or obscured; — opposed to occultation. Circle of perpetual apparition. See under Circle.

APPARITIONAL
Ap`pa*ri"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions; spectral. "An apparitional soul." Tylor.

APPARITOR
Ap*par"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. apparere. See Appear.]

1. Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders. Before any of his apparitors could execute the sentence, he was himself summoned away by a sterner apparitor to the other world. De Quincey.

2. (Law)

Defn: A messenger or officer who serves the process of an ecclesiastical court. Bouvier.

APPAUME Ap`pau`mé", n. Etym: [F. appaumé; (l. ad) + paume the palm, fr. L. palma.] (Her.)

Defn: A hand open and extended so as to show the palm.

APPAY Ap*pay", v. t. Etym: [OF. appayer, apaier, LL. appacare, appagare, fr. L. ad + pacare to pacify, pax, pacis, peace. See Pay, Appease.]

Defn: To pay; to satisfy or appease. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

APPEACH Ap*peach", v. t. Etym: [OE. apechen, for empechen, OF. empeechier, F. empêcher, to hinder. See Impeach.]

Defn: To impeach; to accuse; to asperse; to inform against; to
reproach. [Obs.]
And oft of error did himself appeach. Spenser.

APPEACHER
Ap*peach"er, n.

Defn: An accuser. [Obs.] Raleigh.

APPEACHMENT
Ap*peach"ment, n.

Defn: Accusation. [Obs.]

APPEAL Ap*peal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appealing.] Etym: [OE. appelen, apelen, to appeal, accuse, OF. appeler, fr. L. appellare to approach, address, invoke, summon, call, name; akin to appellere to drive to; ad + pellere to drive. See Pulse, and cf. Peal.]

1. (Law) (a) To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review on account of alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below. We say, the cause was appealed from an inferior court. (b) To charge with a crime; to accuse; to institute a private criminal prosecution against for some heinous crime; as, to appeal a person of felony.

2. To summon; to challenge. [Archaic] Man to man will I appeal the Norman to the lists. Sir W. Scott.

3. To invoke. [Obs.] Milton.

APPEAL
Ap*peal", v. t.

1. (Law)

Defn: To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a
superior judge or court for the purpose of reëxamination of for
decision. Tomlins.
I appeal unto Cæsar. Acts xxv. 11.

2. To call upon another to decide a question controverted, to corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's rights, etc.; as, I appeal to all mankind for the truth of what is alleged. Hence: To call on one for aid; to make earnest request. I appeal to the Scriptures in the original. Horsley. They appealed to the sword. Macaulay.

APPEAL
Ap*peal", n. Etym: [OE. appel, apel, OF. apel, F. appel, fr. appeler.
See Appeal, v. t.]

1. (Law) (a) An application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for reëxamination or review. (b) The mode of proceeding by which such removal is effected. (c) The right of appeal. (d) An accusation; a process which formerly might be instituted by one private person against another for some heinous crime demanding punishment for the particular injury suffered, rather than for the offense against the public. (e) An accusation of a felon at common law by one of his accomplices, which accomplice was then called an approver. See Approvement. Tomlins. Bouvier.

2. A summons to answer to a charge. Dryden.

3. A call upon a person or an authority for proof or decision, in one's favor; reference to another as witness; a call for help or a favor; entreaty. A kind of appeal to the Deity, the author of wonders. Bacon.

4. Resort to physical means; recourse. Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an appeal to arms. Kent.

APPEALABLE
Ap*peal"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision; as, the cause is appealable.

2. That may be accused or called to answer by appeal; as, a criminal is appealable for manslaughter. [Obs.]

APPEALANT
Ap*peal"ant, n.

Defn: An appellant. [Obs.] Shak.

APPEALER
Ap*peal"er, n.

Defn: One who makes an appeal.

APPEALING
Ap*peal"ing, a.

Defn: That appeals; imploring.
 — Ap*peal"*ing*ly, adv.
 — Ap*peal"ing*ness, n.

APPEAR Ap*pear", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appeared; p. pr. & vb. n. Appearing.] Etym: [OE. apperen, aperen, OF. aparoir, F. apparoir, fr. L. appar to appear + parto come forth, to be visible; prob. from the same root as par to produce. Cf. Apparent, Parent, Peer, v. i.]

1. To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible. And God . . . said, Let . . . the dry land appear. Gen. i. 9.

2. To come before the public; as, a great writer appeared at that time.

3. To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, or the like; to present one's self as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried. We must all appear before the judgment seat. * Cor. v. 10. One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to appear. Macaulay.

4. To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest. It doth not yet appear what we shall be. 1 John iii. 2. Of their vain contest appeared no end. Milton.

5. To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look. They disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Matt. vi. 16.

Syn.
 — To seem; look. See Seem.

APPEAR
Ap*pear", n.

Defn: Appearance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

APPEARANCE
Ap*pear"ance, n. Etym: [F. apparence, L. apparentia, fr. apparere.
See Appear.]

1. The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me.

2. A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an apparition; as, an appearance in the sky.

3. Personal presence; exhibition of the person; look; aspect; mien. And now am come to see . . . It thy appearance answer loud report. Milton.

4. Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show. pl. Outward signs, or circumstances, fitted to make a particular impression or to determine the judgment as to the character of a person or a thing, an act or a state; as, appearances are against him. There was upon the tabernacle, as it were, the appearance of fire. Num. ix. 15. For man looketh on the outward appearance. 1 Sam. xvi. 7. Judge not according to the appearance. John. vii. 24.

5. The act of appearing in a particular place, or in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the public in a particular character; as, a person makes his appearance as an historian, an artist, or an orator. Will he now retire, After appearance, and again prolong Our expectation Milton.

6. Probability; likelihood. [Obs.] There is that which hath no appearance. Bacon.

7. (Law)

Defn: The coming into court of either of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by his attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded against places himself before the court, and submits to its jurisdiction. Burrill. Bouvier. Daniell. To put in an appearance, to be present; to appear in person. — To save appearances, to preserve a fair outward show.

Syn. — Coming; arrival; presence; semblance; pretense; air; look; manner; mien; figure; aspect.

APPEARER
Ap*pear"er, n.

Defn: One who appears. Sir T. Browne.

APPEARINGLY
Ap*pear"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: Apparently. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

APPEASABLE
Ap*peas"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being appeased or pacified; placable.
 — Ap*peas"a*ble*ness, n.

APPEASE
Ap*pease", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appeasing.]
Etym: [OE. apesen, apaisen, OF. apaisier, apaissier, F. apaiser, fr.
a (L. ad) + OF. pais peace, F. paix, fr. L. pax, pacis. See Peace.]

Defn: To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or hatred); as, to appease the tumult of the ocean, or of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst.

Syn. — To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage; compose; calm; allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize.

APPEASEMENT
Ap*pease"ment, n.

Defn: The act of appeasing, or the state of being appeased; pacification. Hayward.

APPEASER
Ap*peas"er, n.

Defn: One who appeases; a pacifier.

APPEASIVE
Ap*pea"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to appease.

APPEL
Ap`pel", n. [F., prop., a call. See Appeal, n.] (Fencing)

Defn: A tap or stamp of the foot as a warning of intent to attack; — called also attack.

APPELLABLE
Ap*pel"la*ble, a.

Defn: Appealable.

APPELLANCY
Ap*pel"lan*cy, n.

Defn: Capability of appeal.

APPELLANT Ap*pel"lant, a. Etym: [L. appellans, p. pr. of appellare; cf. F. appelant. See Appeal.]

Defn: Relating to an appeal; appellate. "An appellant jurisdiction." Hallam. Party appellant (Law), the party who appeals; appellant; — opposed to respondent, or appellee. Tomlins.

APPELLANT
Ap*pel"lant, n.

1. (Law) (a) One who accuses another of felony or treason. [Obs.] (b) One who appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by a higher tribunal.

2. A challenger. [Obs.] Milton.

3. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who appealed to a general council against the bull
Unigenitus.

4. One who appeals or entreats.

APPELLATE
Ap*pel"late, a. Etym: [L. appelatus, p. p. of appellare.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals. "Appellate jurisdiction." Blackstone. "Appellate judges." Burke. Appelate court, a court having cognizance of appeals.

APPELLATE
Ap*pel"late, n.

Defn: A person or prosecuted for a crime. [Obs.] See Appellee.

APPELLATION Ap`pel*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. appellatio, fr. appellare: cf. F. appellation. See Appeal.]

1. The act of appealing; appeal. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. The act of calling by a name.

3. The word by which a particular person or thing is called and known; name; title; designation. They must institute some persons under the appellation of magistrates. Hume.

Syn.
 — See Name.

APPELLATIVE Ap*pel"la*tive, a. Etym: [L. appellativus, fr. appellare: cf. F. appelatif. See Appeal.]

1. Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive denomination; denominative; naming. Cudworth.

2. (gram.)

Defn: Common, as opposed to proper; denominative of a class.

APPELLATIVE
Ap*pel"la*tive, n. Etym: [L. appelativum, sc. nomen.]

1. A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common name, or appellative, stands for a whole class, genus, or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus, tree is the name of all plants of a particular class; plant and vegetable are names of things that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a single thing; as, Rome, Washington, Lake Erie.

2. An appellation or title; a descriptive name. God chosen it for one of his appellatives to be the Defender of them. Jer. Taylor.

APPELLATIVELY
Ap*pel"la*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: After the manner of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or species; as, Hercules is sometimes used appellatively, that is, as a common name, to signify a strong man.

APPELLATIVENESS
Ap*pel"la*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being appellative. Fuller.

APPELLATORY
Ap*pel"la*tory, a. Etym: [L. appellatorius, fr. appellare.]

Defn: Containing an appeal. An appellatory libel ought to contain the name of the party appellant. Ayliffe.

APPELLEE Ap`pel*lee", n. Etym: [F. appelé, p. p. of appeler, fr. L. appellare.] (Law) (a) The defendant in an appeal; — opposed to appellant. (b) The person who is appealed against, or accused of crime; — opposed to appellor. Blackstone.

APPELLOR Ap`pel*lor, n. Etym: [OF. apeleur, fr. L. appellator, fr. appellare.] (Law) (a) The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a crime. Blackstone. (b) One who confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices. Blount. Burrill.

Note: This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff in appeal from a lower court, who is called the appellant. Appellee is opposed both to appellant and appellor.

APPENAGE
Ap"pen*age, n.

Defn: See Appanage.

APPEND Ap*pend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appended; p. pr. & vb. n. Appending.] Etym: [L. appendere or F. appendre: cf. OE. appenden, apenden, to belong, OF. apendre, F. appendre, fr. L. append, v. i., to hang to, append, v. t., to hang to; ad + pend, v. i., to hang, pend, v. t., to hang. See Pendant.]

1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended; as, a seal appended to a record; the inscription was appended to the column.

2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex; as, notes appended to this chapter. A further purpose appended to the primary one. I. Taylor.

APPENDAGE
Ap*pend"age, n.

1. Something appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house. Modesty is the appendage of sobriety. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A subordinate or subsidiary part or organ; an external organ or limb, esp. of the articulates. Antennæ and other appendages used for feeling. Carpenter.

Syn.
 — Addition; adjunct; concomitant.

APPENDAGED
Ap*pend"aged, a.

Defn: Furnished with, or supplemented by, an appendage.

APPENDANCE
Ap*pend"ance, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Something appendant.

APPENDANT Ap*pend"ant, a. Etym: [F. appendant, p. pr. of appendre. See Append, v. t.]

1. Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal appendant to a paper. As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but reasonable we should suffer the appendant calamity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Law)

Defn: Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage for a considerable time; — said of a thing of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which is superior or more worthy; as, an advowson, common, etc. , which may be appendant to a manor, common of fishing to a freehold, a seat in church to a house. Wharton. Coke.

APPENDANT
Ap*pend"ant, n.

1. Anything attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it.

2. (Law)

Defn: A inheritance annexed by prescription to a superior inheritance.

APPENDECTOMY; APPENDICECTOMY Ap`pen*dec"to*my, Ap*pend`i*cec"to*my, n. [Appendix + Gr., fr. excision.] (Surg.)

Defn: Excision of the vermiform appendix.

APPENDENCE; APPENDENCY
Ap*pend"ence, Ap*pend"en*cy, n.

Defn: State of being appendant; appendance. [Obs.]

APPENDICAL
Ap*pend"i*cal, a.

Defn: Of or like an appendix.

APPENDICATE
Ap*pend"i*cate, v. t.

Defn: To append. [Obs.]

APPENDICATION
Ap*pend`i*ca"tion, n.

Defn: An appendage. [Obs.]

APPENDICITIS
Ap*pend`i*ci"tis, n. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the vermiform appendix.

APPENDICLE
Ap*pend"i*cle, n. Etym: [L. appendicula, dim. of. appendix.]

Defn: A small appendage.

APPENDICULAR
Ap`pen*dic"u*lar, a.

Defn: Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate. [R.]

APPENDICULARIA
Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small free-swimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a
tadpole, and remarkable for resemblances to the larvæ of other
Tunicata. It is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See
Illustration in Appendix.

APPENDICULATA
Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of annelids; the Polychæta.

APPENDICULATE
Ap`pen*dic"u*late, a. Etym: [See Appendicle.]

Defn: Having small appendages; forming an appendage. Appendiculate leaf, a small appended leaf. Withering.

APPENDIX Ap*pen"dix, n.; pl. E. Appendixes, L. Appendices(#). Etym: [L. appendix, -dicis, fr. appendere. See Append.]

1. Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or concomitant. Normandy became an appendix to England. Sir M. Hale.

2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished from supplement, which is intended to supply deficiencies and correct inaccuracies.

Syn.
 — See Supplement.

APPENDIX VERMIFORMIS
Ap*pen"dix ver`mi*for"mis. [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The vermiform appendix.

APPENSION
Ap*pen"sion, n.

Defn: The act of appending. [Obs.]

APPERCEIVE Ap`per*ceive", v. t. Etym: [F. apercevoir, fr. L. ad + percipere, perceptum, to perceive. See Perceive.]

Defn: To perceive; to comprehend. Chaucer.

APPERCEPTION Ap`per*cep"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. ad- + perception: cf. F. apperception.] (Metaph.)

Defn: The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes, intensified or energetic perception. Leibnitz. Reid. This feeling has been called by philosophers the apperception or consciousness of our own existence. Sir W. Hamilton.

APPERIL
Ap*per"il, n.

Defn: Peril. [Obs.] Shak.

APPERTAIN
Ap`per*tain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appertained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Appertaining.] Etym: [OE. apperteinen, apertenen, OF. apartenir, F.
appartenir, fr. L. appertinere; ad + pertinere to reach to, belong.
See Pertain.]

Defn: To belong or pertain, whether by right, nature, appointment, or
custom; to relate.
Things appertaining to this life. Hooker.
Give it unto him to whom it appertaineth. Lev. vi. 5.

APPERTAINMENT
Ap`per*tain"ment, n.

Defn: That which appertains to a person; an appurtenance. [Obs. or
R.] Shak.

APPERTINANCE; APPERTINENCE
Ap*per"ti*nance, Ap*per"ti*nence, n.

Defn: See Appurtenance.

APPERTINENT
Ap*per"ti*nent, a.

Defn: Belonging; appertaining. [Now usually written appurtenant.]
Coleridge.

APPERTINENT
Ap*per"ti*nent, n.

Defn: That which belongs to something else; an appurtenant. [Obs.]
Shak.

APPETE
Ap*pete", v. t. Etym: [L. appetere: cf. F. appéter. See Appetite.]

Defn: To seek for; to desire. [Obs.] Chaucer.

APPETENCE
Ap"pe*tence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appétence. See Appetency.]

Defn: A longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite; appetency.

APPETENCY Ap"pe*ten*cy, n.; pl. Appetencies. Etym: [L. appetentia, fr. appetere to strive after, long for. See Appetite.]

1. Fixed and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager appetite. They had a strong appetency for reading. Merivale.

2. Specifically: An instinctive inclination or propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim; the tendency of an organized body to seek what satisfies the wants of its organism. These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or appetency the absorb such part of the fluid as is agreeable to their palate. E. Darwin.

3. Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; — used of inanimate objects.

APPETENT
Ap"pe*tent, a. Etym: [L. appetens, p. pr. of appetere.]

Defn: Desiring; eagerly desirous. [R.]
Appetent after glory and renown. Sir G. Buck.

APPETIBILITY
Ap`pe*ti*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appétibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being desirable. Bramhall.

APPETIBLE Ap"pe*ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. appetibilis, fr. appetere: cf. F. appétible.]

Defn: Desirable; capable or worthy of being the object of desire.
Bramhall.

APPETITE
Ap"pe*tite, n. Etym: [OE. appetit, F. appétit, fr. L. appetitus, fr.
appetere to strive after, long for; ad + petere to seek. See
Petition, and cf. Appetence.]

1. The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the mind. The object of appetite it whatsoever sensible good may be wished for; the object of will is that good which reason does lead us to seek. Hooker.

2. Desire for, or relish of, food or drink; hunger. Men must have appetite before they will eat. Buckle.

3. Any strong desire; an eagerness or longing. It God had given to eagles an appetite to swim. Jer. Taylor. To gratify the vulgar appetite for the marvelous. Macaulay.

4. Tendency; appetency. [Obs.] In all bodies there as an appetite of union. Bacon.

5. The thing desired. [Obs.] Power being the natural appetite of princes. Swift.

Note: In old authors, appetite is followed by to or of, but regularly it should be followed by for before the object; as, an appetite for pleasure.

Syn.
 — Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion.

APPETITION
Ap`pe*ti"tion, n. Etym: [L. appetitio: cf. F. appétition.]

Defn: Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something. Holland.

APPETITIVE
Ap"pe*ti"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appétitif.]

Defn: Having the quality of desiring gratification; as, appetitive power or faculty. Sir M. Hale.

APPETIZE
Ap"pe*tize, v. t.

Defn: To make hungry; to whet the appetite of. Sir W. Scott.

APPETIZER
Ap"pe*ti`zer, n.

Defn: Something which creates or whets an appetite.

APPETIZING
Ap"pe*ti`zing, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appétissant.]

Defn: Exciting appetite; as, appetizing food.
The appearance of the wild ducks is very appetizing. Sir W. Scott.

APPETIZING
Ap"pe*ti`zing, adv.

Defn: So as to excite appetite.

APPIAN
Ap"pi*an, a. Etym: [L. Appius, Appianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Appius. Appian Way, the great paved highway from ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi, constructed partly by Appius Claudius, about 312 b. c.

APPLAUD
Ap*plaud", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applauded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Applauding.] Etym: [L. applaudere; ad + plaudere to clash, to clap
the hands: cf. F. applaudir. Cf. Explode.]

1. To show approval of by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other
significant sign.
I would applaud thee to the very echo, That should applaud again.
Shak.

2. To praise by words; to express approbation of; to commend; to approve. By the gods, I do applaud his courage. Shak.

Syn.
 — To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve. See Praise.

APPLAUD
Ap*plaud", v. i.

Defn: To express approbation loudly or significantly.

APPLAUDER
Ap*plaud"er, n.

Defn: One who applauds.

APPLAUSABLE
Ap*plaus"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy pf applause; praiseworthy. [Obs.]

APPLAUSE
Ap*plause", n. Etym: [L. applaudere, app. See Applaud.]

Defn: The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or tapping with the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation. The brave man seeks not popular applause. Dryden.

Syn.
 — Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation; approval.

APPLAUSIVE
Ap*plau"sive, a. Etym: [LL. applausivus.]

Defn: Expressing applause; approbative.
 — Ap*plau"sive*ly, adv.

APPLE Ap"ple, n. Etym: [OE. appel, eppel, AS. æppel, æpl; akin to Fries. & D. appel, OHG, aphul, aphol, G. apfel, Icel. epli, Sw. äple, Dan. æble, Gael. ubhall, W. afal, Arm. aval, Lith. ob, Russ. iabloko; of unknown origin.]

1. The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus malus) cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate zones.

Note: The European crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung.

2. (bot.)

Defn: Any tree genus Pyrus which has the stalk sunken into the base of the fruit; an apple tree.

3. Any fruit or other vegetable production resembling, or supposed to resemble, the apple; as, apple of love, or love apple (a tomato), balsam apple, egg apple, oak apple.

4. Anything round like an apple; as, an apple of gold.

Note: Apple is used either adjectively or in combination; as, apple paper or apple-paper, apple-shaped, apple blossom, apple dumpling, apple pudding. Apple blight, an aphid which injures apple trees. See Blight, n. — Apple borer (Zoöl.), a coleopterous insect (Saperda candida or bivittata), the larva of which bores into the trunk of the apple tree and pear tree. — Apple brandy, brandy made from apples. — Apple butter, a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider. Bartlett. — Apple corer, an instrument for removing the cores from apples. — Apple fly (Zoöl.), any dipterous insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong to the genera Drosophila and Trypeta. — Apple midge (Zoöl.) a small dipterous insect (Sciara mali), the larva of which bores in apples. — Apple of the eye, the pupil. — Apple of discord, a subject of contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden apple, inscribed "For the fairest," which was thrown into an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to the latter. — Apple of love, or Love apple, the tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). — Apple of Peru, a large coarse herb (Nicandra physaloides) bearing pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry. — Apples of Sodom, a fruit described by ancient writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to the fruit of Solanum Sodomæum, a prickly shrub with fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato. — Apple sauce, stewed apples. [U. S.] — Apple snail or Apple shell (Zoöl.), a fresh-water, operculated, spiral shell of the genus Ampullaria. — Apple tart, a tart containing apples. — Apple tree, a tree naturally bears apples. See Apple, 2. — Apple wine, cider. — Apple worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a small moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) which burrows in the interior of apples. See Codling moth. — Dead Sea Apple. (a) pl. Apples of Sodom. Also Fig. "To seek the Dead Sea apples of politics." S. B. Griffin. (b) A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See Gallnut.

APPLE
Ap"ple, v. i.

Defn: To grow like an apple; to bear apples. Holland.

APPLE-FACED
Ap"ple-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a round, broad face, like an apple. "Apple-faced children." Dickens.

APPLE-JACK
Ap"ple-jack`, n.

Defn: Apple brandy. [U.S.]

APPLE-JOHN
Ap"ple-john`, n..

Defn: A kind of apple which by keeping becomes much withered; — called also Johnapple. Shak.

APPLE PIE
Ap"ple pie`.

Defn: A pie made of apples (usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar. Apple-pie bed, a bed in which, as a joke, the sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnover) as to prevent any one from getting at his length between them. Halliwell, Conybeare. — Apple-pie order, perfect order or arrangement. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

APPLE-SQUIRE
Ap"ple-squire`, n.

Defn: A pimp; a kept gallant. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

APPLIABLE
Ap*pli"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Apply.]

Defn: Applicable; also, compliant. [Obs.] Howell.

APPLIANCE
Ap*pli"ance, n.

1. The act of applying; application; [Obs.] subservience. Shak.

2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end; an apparatus or device; as, to use various appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine with its appliances.

APPLICABILITY
Ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being applicable or fit to be applied.

APPLICABLE
Ap"pli*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aplicable, fr. L. applicare. See
Apply.]

Defn: Capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having
relevance; as, this observation is applicable to the case under
consideration.
 — Ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n.
 — Ap"pli*ca*bly, adv.

APPLICANCY
Ap"pli*can*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being applicable. [R.]

APPLICANT
Ap"pli*cant, n. Etym: [L. applicans, p. pr. of applicare. See Apply.]

Defn: One who apples for something; one who makes request; a
petitioner.
The applicant for a cup of water. Plumtre.
The court require the applicant to appear in person. Z. Swift.

APPLICATE
Ap"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. applicatus, p. p. of applicare. See Apply.]

Defn: Applied or put to some use.
Those applicate sciences which extend the power of man over the
elements. I. Taylor.
Applicate number (Math.), one which applied to some concrete case.
 — Applicate ordinate, right line applied at right angles to the
axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.

APPLICATE
Ap"pli*cate, v. i.

Defn: To apply. [Obs.]
The act of faith is applicated to the object. Bp. Pearson.

APPLICATION Ap`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. applicatio, fr. applicare: cf. F. application. See Apply.]

1. The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense; as, the application of emollients to a diseased limb.

2. The thing applied. He invented a new application by which blood might be stanched. Johnson.

3. The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use. If a right course . . . be taken with children, there will not be much need of the application of the common rewards and punishments. Locke.

4. The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; as, I make the remark, and leave you to make the application; the application of a theory.

5. Hence, in specific uses: (a) That part of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the "moral" of a fable. (b) The use of the principles of one science for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; as, the application of algebra to geometry.

6. The capacity of being practically applied or used; relevancy; as, a rule of general application.

7. The act of fixing the mind or closely applying one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; as, to injure the health by application to study. Had his application been equal to his talents, his progress night have been greater. J. Jay.

8. The act of making request of soliciting; as, an application for an office; he made application to a court of chancery.

9. A request; a document containing a request; as, his application was placed on file.

APPLICATIVE
Ap"pli*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. applicatif, fr. L. applicare. See
Apply.]

Defn: Having of being applied or used; applying; applicatory;
practical. Bramhall.
 — Ap"pli*ca*tive*ly, adv.

APPLICATORILY
Ap"pli*ca*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of application.

APPLICATORY
Ap"pli*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Having the property of applying; applicative; practical.
 — n.

Defn: That which applies.

APPLIEDLY
Ap*pli"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By application. [R.]

APPLIER
Ap*pli"er, n.

Defn: He who, or that which, applies.

APPLIMENT
Ap*pli"ment, n.

Defn: Application. [Obs.] Marston

APPLIQUE
Ap`pli`qué", a. Etym: [F., fr. appliquer to put on.]

Defn: Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another color or stuff) applied or transferred to a foundation; as, appliqué lace; appliqué work.

APPLOT
Ap*plot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Applotting.]
Etym: [Pref. ad- + plot.]

Defn: To divide into plots or parts; to apportion. Milton.

APPLOTMENT
Ap*plot"ment, n.

Defn: Apportionment.

APPLY
Ap*ply", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Applied; p. pr. & vb. n. Applying.]
Etym: [OF. aplier, F. appliquer, fr. L. applicare to join, fix, or
attach to; ad + plicare to fold, to twist together. See Applicant,
Ply.]

1. To lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing to another); — with to; as, to apply the hand to the breast; to apply medicaments to a diseased part of the body. He said, and the sword his throat applied. Dryden.

2. To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case; to appropriate; to devote; as, to apply money to the payment of a debt.

3. To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as suitable, fitting, or relative; as, to apply the testimony to the case; to apply an epithet to a person. Yet God at last To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied. Milton.

4. To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently, or with attention; to attach; to incline. Apply thine heart unto instruction. Prov. xxiii. 12.

5. To direct or address. [R.] Sacred vows . . . applied to grisly Pluto. Pope.

6. To betake; to address; to refer; — used reflexively. I applied myself to him for help. Johnson.

7. To busy; to keep at work; to ply. [Obs.] She was skillful in applying his "humors." Sir P. Sidney.

8. To visit. [Obs.]
And he applied each place so fast. Chapman.
Applied chemistry. See under Chemistry.
 — Applied mathematics. See under Mathematics.

APPLY
Ap*ply", v. i.

1. To suit; to agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy; as, this argument applies well to the case.

2. To make request; to have recourse with a view to gain something; to make application. (to); to solicit; as, to apply to a friend for information.

3. To ply; to move. [R.] I heard the sound of an oar applying swiftly through the water. T. Moore.

4. To apply or address one's self; to give application; to attend closely (to).

APPOGGIATURA
Ap*pog`gia*tu"ra, n. Etym: [It., fr. appogiarre to lean, to rest; ap-
(L. ad) + poggiare to mount, ascend, poggio hill, fr. L. podium an
elevated place.] (Mus.)

Defn: A passing tone preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the time it occupies from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one degree above or below the principal note unless it be of the same harmony; — generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the illustration above. It forms no essential part of the harmony.

APPOINT Ap*point", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Appointing.] Etym: [OE. appointen, apointen, OF. apointier to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F. appointer to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL. appunctare to bring back to the point, restore, to fix the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. ad + punctum a point. See Point.]

1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out. When he appointed the foundations of the earth. Prov. viii. 29.

2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe; to fix the time and place of. Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall appoint. 2 Sam. xv. 15. He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness. Acts xvii. 31. Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and appoint the meeting. Shak.

3. To assign, designate, or set apart by authority. Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every one to his service. Num. iv. 19. These were cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them. Josh. xx. 9.

4. To furnish in all points; to provide with everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out. The English, being well appointed, did so entertain them that their ships departed terribly torn. Hayward.

5. To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or commendation; to arraign. [Obs.] Appoint not heavenly disposition. Milton.

6. (Law)

Defn: To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a conveyance; — said of an estate already conveyed. Burrill. Kent. To appoint one's self, to resolve. [Obs.] Crowley.

APPOINT
Ap*point", v. i.

Defn: To ordain; to determine; to arrange.
For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithoph2
Sam. xvii. 14.

APPOINTABLE
Ap*point"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being appointed or constituted.

APPOINTEE Ap*point*ee", n. Etym: [F. appointé, p. p. of appointer. See Appoint, v. t.]

1. A person appointed. The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay the appointees. Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768).

2. (law)

Defn: A person in whose favor a power of appointment is executed.
Kent. Wharton.

APPOINTER
Ap*point"er, n.

Defn: One who appoints, or executes a power of appointment. Kent.

APPOINTIVE
Ap*point"ive, a.

Defn: Subject to appointment; as, an appointive office. [R.]

APPOINTMENT
Ap*point"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appointement.]

1. The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or discharge a trust; as, he erred by the appointment of unsuitable men.

2. The state of being appointed to somappointment of treasurer.

3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement; as, they made an appointment to meet at six.

4. Decree; direction; established order or constitution; as, to submit to the divine appointments. According to the appointment of the priests. Ezra vi. 9.

5. (Law)

Defn: The exercise of the power of designating (under a "power of appointment") a person to enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument by which the designation is made.

6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit; (pl.) the accouterments of military officers or soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords. The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their appointments. Prescott. I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands Void of appoinment, that thou liest. Beau. & Fl.

7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a perquisite; — properly only in the plural. [Obs.] An expense proportioned to his appointments and fortune is necessary. Chesterfield.

8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a public exhibition of a college; as, to have an appointment. [U.S.]

Syn.
 — Designation; command; order; direction; establishment; equipment.

APPOINTOR
Ap*point*or", n. (Law)

Defn: The person who selects the appointee. See Appointee, 2.

APPORTER Ap*por"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apporter to bring in, fr. L. apportare; ad + portare to bear.]

Defn: A bringer in; an importer. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

APPORTION
Ap*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apportioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apportioning.] Etym: [OF. apportionner, LL. apportionare, fr. L. ad +
portio. See Portion.]

Defn: To divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute proportionally; to portion out; to allot; as, to apportion undivided rights; to apportion time among various employments.

APPORTIONATENESS
Ap*por"tion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being apportioned or in proportion. [Obs. & R.]

APPORTIONER
Ap*por"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who apportions.

APPORTIONMENT Ap*por"tion*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apportionnement, LL. apportionamentum.]

Defn: The act of apportioning; a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares; a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just portion of an undivided right or property. A. Hamilton.

APPOSABLE
Ap*pos"a*ble, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Capable of being apposed, or applied one to another, as the thumb to the fingers of the hand.

APPOSE Ap*pose", v. t. Etym: [F. apposer to set to; ad) + poser to put, place. See Pose.]

1. To place opposite or before; to put or apply (one thing to another). The nymph herself did then appose, For food and beverage, to him all best meat. Chapman.

2. To place in juxtaposition or proximity.

APPOSE
Ap*pose", v. t. Etym: [For oppose. See Oppose.]

Defn: To put questions to; to examine; to try. [Obs.] See Pose.
To appose him without any accuser, and that secretly. Tyndale.

APPOSED
Ap*posed", a.

Defn: Placed in apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's beak.

APPOSER
Ap*pos"er, n.

Defn: An examiner; one whose business is to put questions. Formerly, in the English Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the sheriffs' accounts.

APPOSITE Ap"po*site, a. Etym: [L. appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put to; ad + ponere to put, place.]

Defn: Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat;
— followed by to; as, this argument is very apposite to the case.
 — Ap"po*site*ly, adv.
 — Ap"po*site*ness, n.

APPOSITION Ap`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [L. appositio, fr. apponere: cf. F. apposition. See Apposite.]

1. The act of adding; application; accretion. It grows . . . by the apposition of new matter. Arbuthnot.

2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side; also, the condition of being so placed.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between them; as, I admire Cicero, the orator. Here, the second noun explains or characterizes the first. Growth by apposition (Physiol.), a mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of an organ into solid unorganized substance.

APPOSITIONAL
Ap`po*si"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition syntactically.
Ellicott.

APPOSITIVE
Ap*pos"i*tive, a.

Defn: Of or relating to apposition; in apposition.
 — n.

Defn: A noun in apposition.
 — Ap*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.
Appositive to the words going immediately before. Knatchbull.

APPRAISABLE
Ap*prais"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being appraised.

APPRAISAL
Ap*prais"al, n. Etym: [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizal.]

Defn: A valuation by an authorized person; an appraisement.

APPRAISE
Ap*praise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appraised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Appraising.] Etym: [Pref. ad- + praise. See Praise, Price, Apprize,
Appreciate.]

1. To set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons appointed for the purpose; as, to appraise goods and chattels.

2. To estimate; to conjecture. Enoch . . . appraised his weight. Tennyson.

3. To praise; to commend. [Obs.] R. Browning. Appraised the Lycian custom. Tennyson.

Note: In the United States, this word is often pronounced, and sometimes written, apprize.

APPRAISEMENT
Ap*praise"ment, n. Etym: [See Appraise. Cf. Apprizement.]

Defn: The act of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser; estimation of worth.

APPRAISER
Ap*prais"er, n. Etym: [See Appraise, Apprizer.]

Defn: One who appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix the value of goods or estates.

APPRECATION Ap`pre*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. apprecari to pray to; ad + precari to pray, prex, precis, prayer.]

Defn: Earnest prayer; devout wish. [Obs.]
A solemn apprecation of good success. Bp. Hall.

APPRECATORY
Ap"pre*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Praying or wishing good. [Obs.]"Apprecatory benedictions." Bp.
Hall.

APPRECIABLE
Ap*pre"ci*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appréciable.]

Defn: Capable of being appreciated or estimated; large enough to be estimated; perceptible; as, an appreciable quantity. — Ap*pre"ci*a*bly, adv.

APPRECIANT
Ap*pre"ci*ant, a.

Defn: Appreciative. [R.]

APPRECIATE
Ap*pre"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appreciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Appreciating.] Etym: [L. appretiatus, p. p. of appretiare to value at
a price, appraise; ad + pretiare to prize, pretium price. Cf.
Appraise.]

1. To set a price or value on; to estimate justly; to value. To appreciate the motives of their enemies. Gibbon.

3. To raise the value of; to increase the market price of; — opposed to depreciate. [U.S.] Lest a sudden peace should appreciate the money. Ramsay.

4. To be sensible of; to distinguish. To test the power of bappreciate color. Lubbock.

Syn. — To Appreciate, Estimate, Esteem. Estimate is an act of judgment; esteem is an act of valuing or prizing, and when applied to individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral approbation. See Estimate. Appreciate lies between the two. As compared with estimate, it supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice and delicate perception. As compared with esteem, it denotes a valuation of things according to their appropriate and distinctive excellence, and not simply their moral worth. Thus, with reference to the former of these (delicate perception), an able writer says. "Women have a truer appreciation of character than men;" and another remarks, "It is difficult to appreciate the true force and distinctive sense of terms which we are every day using." So, also, we speak of the difference between two things, as sometimes hardly appreciable. With reference to the latter of these (that of valuation as the result of a nice perception), we say, "It requires a peculiar cast of character to appreciate the poetry of Wordsworth;" "He who has no delicacy himself, can not appreciate it in others;" "The thought of death is salutary, because it leads us to appreciate worldly things aright." Appreciate is much used in cases where something is in danger of being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of appreciating the difficulties of a subject, or the risk of an undertaking. So Lord Plunket, referring to an "ominous silence" which prevailed among the Irish peasantry, says, "If you knew now to appreciate that silence, it is more formidable than the most clamorous opposition." In like manner, a person who asks some favor of another is apt to say, "I trust you will appreciate my motives in this request." Here we have the key to a very frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to say that appreciate looks on the favorable side of things. we never speak of appreciating a man's faults, but his merits. This idea of regarding things favorably appears more fully in the word appreciative; as when we speak of an appreciative audience, or an appreciative review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception and a ready valuation of excellence.

APPRECIATE
Ap*pre"ci*ate, v. i.

Defn: To rise in value. [See note under Rise, v. i.] J. Morse.

APPRECIATINGLY
Ap*pre"ci*a`ting*ly, adv.

Defn: In an appreciating manner; with appreciation.

APPRECIATION
Ap*pre`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. appréciation.]

1. A just valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence.

2. Accurate perception; true estimation; as, an appreciation of the difficulties before us; an appreciation of colors. His foreboding showed his appreciation of Henry's character. J. R. Green.

3. A rise in value; — opposed to depreciation.

APPRECIATIVE
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Having or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception; as, an appreciative audience. — Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ly, adv.

APPRECIATIVENESS
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being appreciative; quick recognition of excellence.

APPRECIATOR
Ap*pre"ci*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who appreciates.

APPRECIATORY
Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Showing appreciation; appreciative; as, appreciatory
commendation.
 — Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ri*ly, adv.

APPREHEND Ap`pre*hend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprehended; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprehending.] Etym: [L. apprehendere; ad + prehendere to lay hold of, seize; prae before + -hendere (used only in comp.); akin to Gr. get: cf. F. appréhender. See Prehensile, Get.]

1. To take or seize; to take hold of. [Archaic] We have two hands to apprehended it. Jer. Taylor.

2. Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal process; to arrest; as, to apprehend a criminal.

3. To take hold of with the understanding, that is, to conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand; to recognize; to consider. This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz, soon got a sting in the king's head, and he violently apprehended it. Fuller. The eternal laws, such as the heroic age apprehended them. Gladstone.

4. To know or learn with certainty. [Obs.] G. You are too much distrustful of my truth. E. Then you must give me leave to apprehend The means and manner how. Beau. & Fl.

5. To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety, dread, or fear;
to fear.
The opposition had more reason than the king to apprehend violence.
Macaulay.

Syn. — To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive; understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread. — To Apprehend, Comprehend. These words come into comparison as describing acts of the mind. Apprehend denotes the laying hold of a thing mentally, so as to understand it clearly, at least in part. Comprehend denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and extent. We may apprehended many truths which we do not comprehend. The very idea of God supposes that he may be apprehended, though not comprehended, by rational beings. "We may apprehended much of Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or King Lear; but few will claim that they have comprehended all that is embraced in these characters." Trench.

APPREHEND
Ap`pre*hend", v. i.

1. To think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to suppose.

2. To be apprehensive; to fear. It is worse to apprehend than to suffer. Rowe.

APPREHENDER
Ap`pre*hend"er, n.

Defn: One who apprehends.

APPREHENSIBIITY
Ap`pre*hen`si*bi"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being apprehensible. [R.] De Quincey.

APPREHENSIBLE
Ap`pre*hen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. apprehensibilis. See Apprehend.]

Defn: Capable of being apprehended or conceived. "Apprehensible by
faith." Bp. Hall.
 — Ap`*pre*hen"si*bly, adv.

APPREHENSION
Ap`pre*hen"sion, n. Etym: [L. apprehensio: cf. F. appréhension. See
Apprehend.]

1. The act of seizing or taking hold of; seizure; as, the hand is an organ of apprehension. Sir T. Browne.

2. The act of seizing or taking by legal process; arrest; as, the felon, after his apprehension, escaped.

3. The act of grasping with the intellect; the contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment; intellection; perception. Simple apprehension denotes no more than the soul's naked intellection of an object. Glanvill.

4. Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea.

Note: In this sense, the word often denotes a belief, founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the mind, but insufficient to induce certainty; as, in our apprehension, the facts prove the issue. To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of men, who act not according to truth, but apprehension. South.

5. The faculty by which ideas are conceived; understanding; as, a man of dull apprehension.

6. Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable; distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil. After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no small apprehension for his own life. Addison.

Syn. — Apprehension, Alarm. Apprehension springs from a sense of danger when somewhat remote, but approaching; alarm arises from danger when announced as near at hand. Apprehension is calmer and more permanent; alarm is more agitating and transient.

APPREHENSIVE
Ap`pre*hen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. appréhensif. See Apprehend.]

1. Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt; discerning. It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and apprehensive . . . friend, is listening to our talk. Hawthorne.

2. Knowing; conscious; cognizant. [R.] A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly, and is, by the grace of God, apprehensive of it. Jer. Taylor.

3. Relating to the faculty of apprehension. Judgment . . . is implied in every apprehensive act. Sir W. Hamilton.

4. Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation of evil. Not at all apprehensive of evils as a distance. Tillotson. Reformers . . . apprehensive for their lives. Gladstone.

5. Sensible; feeling; perceptive. [R.] Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings, Mangle my apprehensive, tenderest parts. Milton.

APPREHENSIVELY
Ap`pre*hen"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger.

APPREHENSIVENESS
Ap`pre*hen"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being apprehensive.

APPRENTICE Ap*pren"tice, n. Etym: [OE. apprentice, prentice, OF. aprentis, nom. of aprentif, fr. apprendare to learn, L. apprendere, equiv. to apprehendere, to take hold of (by the mind), to comprehend. See Apprehend, Prentice.]

1. One who is bound by indentures or by legal agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master is bound to instruct him.

2. One not well versed in a subject; a tyro.

3. (Old law)

Defn: A barrister, considered a learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be called to the rank of serjeant. [Obs.] Blackstone.

APPRENTICE
Ap*pren"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprenticed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apprenticing.]

Defn: To bind to, or put under the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade or business.

APPRENTICEAGE
Ap*pren"tice*age, n. Etym: [F. apprentissage.]

Defn: Apprenticeship. [Obs.]

APPRENTICEHOOD
Ap*pren"tice*hood, n.

Defn: Apprenticeship. [Obs.]

APPRENTICESHIP
Ap*pren"tice*ship, n.

1. The service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal agreement.

2. The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twenty-one).

APPRESSED; APPREST
Ap*pressed", Ap*prest", a. Etym: [p. p. appress, which is not in use.
See Adpress.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pressed close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as against a stem, Gray.

APPRISE
Ap*prise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Apprised; p. pr. & vb. n. Apprising.]
Etym: [F. appris, fem. apprise, p. p. apprendre to learn, to teach,
to inform. Cf. Apprehend, Apprentice.]

Defn: To give notice, verbal or written; to inform; — followed by of; as, we will apprise the general of an intended attack; he apprised the commander of what he had done.

APPRISE
Ap*prise", n.

Defn: Notice; information. [Obs.] Gower.

APPRIZAL
Ap*priz"al, n.

Defn: See Appraisal.

APPRIZE Ap*prize", v. t. Etym: [The same as Appraise, only more accommodated to the English form of the L. pretiare.]

Defn: To appraise; to value; to appreciate.

APPRIZEMENT
Ap*prize"ment, n.

Defn: Appraisement.

APPRIZER
Ap*priz"er, n.

1. An appraiser.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: A creditor for whom an appraisal is made. Sir W. Scott.

APPROACH
Ap*proach", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Approached; p. pr. & vb. n.
Approaching.] Etym: [OE. approchen, aprochen, OF. approcher, LL.
appropriare, fr. L. ad + propiare to draw near, prope near.]

1. To come or go near, in place or time; to draw nigh; to advance nearer. Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city 2 Sam. xi. 20. But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching. Heb. x. 25.

2. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make advances; to approximate; as, he approaches to the character of the ablest statesman.

APPROACH
Ap*proach", v. t.

1. To bring near; to cause to draw near; to advance. [Archaic] Boyle.

2. To come near to in place, time, or character; to draw nearer to; as, to approach the city; to approach my cabin; he approached the age of manhood. He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have approached Homer. Temple.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: To take approaches to.

APPROACH
Ap*proach", n. Etym: [Cf. F. approche. See Approach, v. i.]

1. The act of drawing near; a coming or advancing near. "The approach of summer." Horsley. A nearer approach to the human type. Owen.

2. A access, or opportunity of drawing near. The approach to kings and principal persons. Bacon.

3. pl.

Defn: Movements to gain favor; advances.

4. A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or buildings can be approached; an access. Macaulay.

5. pl. (Fort.)

Defn: The advanced works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their advances toward a fortress or military post.

6. (Hort.)

Defn: See Approaching.

APPROACHABILITY
Ap*proach`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being approachable; approachableness.

APPROACHABLE
Ap*proach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being approached; accessible; as, approachable virtue.

APPROACHABLENESS
Ap*proach"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being approachable; accessibility.

APPROACHER
Ap*proach"er, n.

Defn: One who approaches.

APPROACHING
Ap*proach"ing, n. (Hort.)

Defn: The act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock; — called, also, inarching and grafting by approach.

APPROACHLESS
Ap*proach"less, a.

Defn: Impossible to be approached.

APPROACHMENT
Ap*proach"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. approachement.]

Defn: Approach. [Archaic] Holland.

APPROBATE
Ap"pro*bate, a. Etym: [L. approbatus, p. p. of approbare to approve.]

Defn: Approved. [Obs.] Elyot.

APPROBATE
Ap"pro*bate, v. t.

Defn: To express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially.
I approbate the one, I reprobate the other. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: This word is obsolete in England, but is occasionally heard in the United States, chiefly in a technical sense for license; as, a person is approbated to preach; approbated to keep a public house. Pickering (1816).

APPROBATION
Ap`pro*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. approbatio: cf. F. approbation. See
Approve to prove.]

1. Proof; attestation. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation. Many . . . joined in a loud hum of approbation. Macaulay. The silent approbation of one's own breast. Melmoth. Animals . . . love approbation or praise. Darwin.

3. Probation or novitiate. [Obs.] This day my sister should the cloister enter, And there receive her approbation. Shak.

Syn. — Approval; liking; sanction; consent; concurrence. — Approbation, Approval. Approbation and approval have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good, sanction, commendation; but approbation is stronger and more positive. "We may be anxious for the approbation of our friends; but we should be still more anxious for the approval of our own consciences." "He who is desirous to obtain universal approbation will learn a good lesson from the fable of the old man and his ass." "The work has been examined by several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified approval of its plan and execution."

APPROBATIVE
Ap"pro*ba*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. approbatif.]

Defn: Approving, or implying approbation. Milner.

APPROBATIVENESS
Ap"pro*ba*tive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being approbative.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: Love of approbation.

APPROBATOR
Ap"pro*ba`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who approves. [R.]

APPROBATORY
Ap"pro*ba`to*ry, a.

Defn: Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory. Sheldon.

APPROMT
Ap*promt", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + promt.]

Defn: To quicken; to prompt. [Obs.]
To appromt our invention. Bacon.

APPROOF
Ap*proof", n. Etym: [See Approve, and Proof.]

1. Trial; proof. [Archaic] Shak.

2. Approval; commendation. Shak.

APPROPINQUATE Ap`pro*pin"quate, v. i. Etym: [L. appropinquatus, p. p. of appropinquare; ad + prope near.]

Defn: To approach. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton.

APPROPINQUATION
Ap`pro*pin*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. appropinquatio.]

Defn: A drawing nigh; approach. [R.] Bp. Hall.

APPROPINQUITY
Ap`pro*pin"qui*ty, n. Etym: [Pref. ad- + propinquity.]

Defn: Nearness; propinquity. [R.] J. Gregory.

APPROPRE
Ap*pro"pre, v. t. Etym: [OE. appropren, apropren, OF. approprier, fr.
L. appropriare. See Appropriate.]

Defn: To appropriate. [Obs.] Fuller.

APPROPRIABLE
Ap*pro"pri*a*ble, a. Etym: [See Appropriate.]

Defn: Capable of being appropriated, set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. Sir T. Browne.

APPROPRIAMENT
Ap*pro"pri*a*ment, n.

Defn: What is peculiarly one's own; peculiar qualification.[Obs.]
If you can neglect Your own appropriaments. Ford.

APPROPRIATE
Ap*pro"pri*ate, a. Etym: [L. appropriatus, p. p. of appropriare; ad +
propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See
Proper.]

Defn: Set apart for a particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar; suitable; fit; proper. In its strict and appropriate meaning. Porteus. Appropriate acts of divine worship. Stillingfleet. It is not at all times easy to find words appropriate to express our ideas. Locke.

APPROPRIATE
Ap*pro"pri*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Appropriated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Appropriating.]

1. To take to one's self in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right; as, let no man appropriate the use of a common benefit.

2. To set apart for, or assign to, a particular person or use, in exclusion of all others; — with to or for; as, a spot of ground is appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money for the increase of the navy.

3. To make suitable; to suit. [Archaic] Paley.

4. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: To annex, as a benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property. Blackstone.

APPROPRIATE
Ap*pro"pri*ate, n.

Defn: A property; attribute. [Obs.]

APPROPRIATELY
Ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly.

APPROPRIATENESS
Ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness.
Froude.

APPROPRIATION
Ap*pro`pri*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. appropriatio: cf. F. appropriation.]

1. The act of setting apart or assigning to a particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose, as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some object.

2. Anything, especially money, thus set apart. The Commons watched carefully over the appropriation. Macaulay.

3. (Law) (a) The severing or sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual corporation. Blackstone. (b) The application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to one of several debts which are due from the former to the latter. Chitty.

APPROPRIATIVE
Ap*pro"pri*a*tive, a.

Defn: Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; as, an
appropriative act.
 — Ap*pro"pri*a*tive*ness, n.

APPROPRIATOR
Ap*pro"pri*a`tor, n.

1. One who appropriates.

2. (Law)

Defn: A spiritual corporation possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an impropriator.

APPROVABLE
Ap*prov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of being approved; meritorious.
 — Ap*prov"a*ble*ness, n.

APPROVAL
Ap*prov"al, n.

Defn: Approbation; sanction.
A censor . . . without whose approval nTemple.

Syn.
 — See Approbation.

APPROVANCE
Ap*prov"ance, n.

Defn: Approval. [Archaic] Thomson.

APPROVE Ap*prove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approved; p. pr. & vb. n. Approving.] Etym: [OE. aproven, appreven, to prove, OF. aprover, F. approuver, to approve, fr. L. approbare; ad + probare to esteem as good, approve, prove. See Prove, and cf. Approbate.]

1. To show to be real or true; to prove. [Obs.] Wouldst thou approve thy constancy Approve First thy obedience. Milton.

2. To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically.
Opportunities to approve . . . worth. Emerson.
He had approved himself a great warrior. Macaulay.
'T is an old lesson; Time approves it true. Byron.
His account . . . approves him a man of thought. Parkman.

3. To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm; as, to approve the decision of a court-martial.

4. To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of; as, we approve the measured of the administration.

5. To make or show to be worthy of approbation or acceptance. The first care and concern must be to approve himself to God. Rog

Note: This word, when it signifies to be pleased with, to think
favorably (of), is often followed by of.
They had not approved of the deposition of James. Macaulay.
They approved of the political institutions. W. Black.

APPROVE Ap*prove", v. t. Etym: [OF. aprouer; (L. ad) + a form apparently derived fr. the pro, prod, in L. prodest it is useful or profitable, properly the preposition pro for. Cf. Improve.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: To make profit of; to convert to one's own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the lord of the manor.

APPROVEDLY
Ap*prov"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to secure approbation; in an approved manner.

APPROVEMENT
Ap*prove"ment, n. [Obs.]

1. Approbation. I did nothing without your approvement. Hayward.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: a confession of guilt by a prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use; it corresponded to what is now known as turning king's (or queen's) evidence in England, and state's evidence in the United States. Burrill. Bouvier.

APPROVEMENT
Ap*prove"ment, n. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of the manor. Blackstone.

APPROVER
Ap*prov"er, n.

1. One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or trial.

2. An informer; an accuser. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One who confesses a crime and accuses another. See 1st
Approvement, 2.

APPROVER
Ap*prov"er, n. Etym: [See 2d Approve, v. t.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A bailiff or steward; an agent. [Obs.] Jacobs.

APPROVING
Ap*prov"ing, a.

Defn: Expressing approbation; commending; as, an approving smile.
 — Ap*prov"ing*ly, adv.

APPROXIMATE Ap*prox"i*mate, a. Etym: [L. approximatus, p. p. of approximare to approach; ad + proximare to come near. See Proximate.]

1. Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling.

2. Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate; as, approximate results or values. Approximate quantities (Math.), those which are nearly, but not, equal.

APPROXIMATE
Ap*prox"i*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Approximated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Approximating.]

1. To carry or advance near; to cause to approach. To approximate the inequality of riches to the level of nature. Burke.

2. To come near to; to approach. The telescope approximates perfection. J. Morse.

APPROXIMATE
Ap*prox"i*mate, v. i.

Defn: To draw; to approach.

APPROXIMATELY
Ap*prox"i*mate*ly, adv.

Defn: With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.

APPROXIMATION
Ap*prox`i*ma"tion. n. Etym: [Cf. F. approximation, LL. approximatio.]

1. The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating. The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but an approximation to the proper standard and true symmetry of human nature. I. Taylor.

2. An approach to a correct estimate, calculation, or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc.

3. (Math.) (a) A continual approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve an equation by approximation. (b) A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.

APPROXIMATIVE
Ap*prox"i*ma*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. approximatif.]

Defn: Approaching; approximate.
 — Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ly, adv.
 — Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ness, n.

APPROXIMATOR
Ap*prox"i*ma`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, approximates.

APPUI
Ap`pui", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ad + podium foothold, Gr.

Defn: A support or supporter; a stay; a prop. [Obs.] If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there would be stays and appuies set to it. Holland. Point d'appui. Etym: [F., a point of support.] (Mil.) (a) A given point or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in line or column. (b) An advantageous defensive support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc.

APPULSE Ap"pulse, n. Etym: [L. appulsus, fr. appellere, appulsum, to drive to; ad + pellere to drive: cf. F. appulse.]

1. A driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of striking against. In all consonants there is an appulse of the organs. Holder.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The near approach of one heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into conjunction; as, the appulse of the moon to a star, or of a star to the meridian.

APPULSION
Ap*pul"sion, n.

Defn: A driving or striking against; an appulse.

APPULSIVE
Ap*pul"sive, a.

Defn: Striking against; impinging; as, the appulsive influence of the planets. P. Cyc.

APPULSIVELY
Ap*pul"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: By appulsion.

APPURTENANCE Ap*pur"te*nance, n. Etym: [OF. apurtenaunce, apartenance, F. appartenance, LL. appartenentia, from L. appertinere. See Appertain.]

Defn: That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it, as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an appurtenance to land. Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill. Globes . . . provided as appurtenances to astronomy. Bacon. The structure of the eye, and of its appurtenances. Reid.

APPURTENANT
Ap*pur"te*nant, a. Etym: [F. appartenant, p. pr. of appartenir. See
Appurtenance.]

Defn: Annexed or pertaining to some more important thing; accessory; incident; as, a right of way appurtenant to land or buildings. Blackstone. Common appurtenatn. (Law) See under Common, n.

APPURTENANT
Ap*pur"te*nant, n,

Defn: Something which belongs or appertains to another thing; an
appurtenance.
Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of redemption. Coleridge.

APRICATE Ap"ri*cate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. apricatus, p. p. of apricare, fr. apricus exposed to the sun, fr. aperire to uncover, open.]

Defn: To bask in the sun. Boyle.

APRICATION
Ap`ri*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Basking in the sun. [R.]

APRICOT A"pri*cot, n. Etym: [OE. apricock, abricot, F. abricot, fr. Sp. albaricoque or Pg. albricoque, fr. Ar. albirq, al-burq. Though the E. and F. form abricot is derived from the Arabic through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from the Gr. praecoquus, praecox, early ripe. The older E. form apricock was prob. taken direct from Pg. See Precocious, Cook.] (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape, and delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of Linnæus) which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has been introduced throughout the temperate zone.

APRIL
A"pril, n. Etym: [L. Aprilis. OE. also Averil, F. Avril, fr. L.
Aprilis.]

1. The fourth month of the year.

2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its weather, etc. The April's her eyes; it is love's spring. Shak. April fool, one who is sportively imposed upon by others on the first day of April.

A PRIORI
A` pri*o"ri. Etym: [L. a (ab) + prior former.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: Characterizing that kind of reasoning which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known; deductive or deductively. The reverse of a posteriori.

3. (Philos.)

Defn: Applied to knowledge and conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in order to make experience rational or possible. A priori, that is, form these necessities of the mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by experience, must yet have preëxisted in order to make experience possible. Coleridge.

APRIORISM
A`pri*o"rism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. apriorisme.]

Defn: An a priori principle.

APRIORITY
A`pri*or"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience; a priori reasoning.

APROCTA
A*proc"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture.

APROCTOUS
A*proc"tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without an anal office.

APRON A"pron, n. Etym: [OE. napron, OF. naperon, F. napperon, dim. of OF. nape, F. nappe, cloth, tablecloth, LL. napa, fr. L. mappa, napkin, table napkin. See Map.]

1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is commonly tied at the waist by strings.

2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an apron; as, (a) The fat skin covering the belly of a goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. (b) A piece of leather, or other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a boot. "The weather being too hot for the apron." Hughes. (c) (Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a cannon. (d) (Shipbuilding) A piece of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. Totten. (e) A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. (f) A flooring of plank before a dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent. (g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the cutting tool of a planer. (h) (Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip of a wall into a gutter; a flashing. (i) (Zoöl.) The infolded abdomen of a crab.

APRONED
A"proned, a.

Defn: Wearing an apron.
A cobbler aproned, and a parson gowned. Pope.

APRONFUL
A"pron*ful, n.; pl. Apronfuls.

Defn: The quality an apron can hold.

APRONLESS
A"pron*less, a.

Defn: Without an apron.

APRON MAN
A"pron man`.

Defn: A man who wears an apron; a laboring man; a mechanic. [Obs.]
Shak.

APRON STRING
A"pron string`.

Defn: The string of an apron. To be tied to a wife's or mother's apron strings, to be unduly controlled by a wife or mother. He was so made that he could not submit to be tied to the apron strings even of the best of wives. Macaulay.

APROPOS Ap"ro*pos`, a. & adv. Etym: [F. ad) + propos purpose, L. proposium plan, purpose, fr. proponere to propose. See Propound.]

1. Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable. A tale extremely apropos. Pope.

2. By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the place or subject; — a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration.

APSE
Apse, n.; pl. Apses. [See Apsis.]

1. (Arch.) (a) A projecting part of a building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was occupied by seats for the bishop and clergy. Hence: (b) The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches.

2. A reliquary, or case in which the relics of saints were kept.

Note: This word is also written apsis and absis.

APSIDAL
Ap"si*dal, a.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the apse of a church; as, the apsidal termination of the chancel.

APSIDES
Ap"si*des, n. pl.

Defn: See Apsis.

APSIS
Ap"sis, n.; pl. Apsides. See Apse. Etym: [L. apsis, absis, Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more distant is called the higher apsis; the other, the lower apsis; and the line joining them, the line of apsides.

2. (Math.)

Defn: In a curve referred to polar coördinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Apse.

APT Apt, a Etym: [F. apte, L. aptus, fr. obsolete apere to fasten, to join, to fit, akin to apisci to reach, attain: cf. Gr. apta fit, fr. ap to reach attain.]

1. Fit or fitted; suited; suitable; appropriate. They have always apt instruments. Burke. A river . . . apt to be forded by a lamb. Jer. Taylor.

2. Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable or likely; — used of things. My vines and peaches . . . were apt to have a soot or smuttiness upon their leaves and fruit. Temple. This tree, if unprotected, is apt to be stripped of the leaves by a leaf-cutting ant. Lubbock.

3. Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; — used of persons. Apter to give than thou wit be to ask. Beau. & Fl. That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are apt to remember their grandfathers. F. Harrison.

4. Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do something); quick to learn; prompt; expert; as, a pupil apt to learn; an apt scholar. "An apt wit." Johnson. Live a thousand years, I shall not find myself so apt to die. Shak. I find thee apt . . . Now, Hamlet, hear. Shak.

Syn. — Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; inclined; disposed; liable; ready; quick; prompt.

APT
Apt, v. t. Etym: [L. aptare. See Aptate.]

Defn: To fit; to suit; to adapt. [Obs.] " To apt their places." B.
Jonson.
That our speech be apted to edification. Jer. Taylor.

APTABLE
Apt"a*ble, a. Etym: [LL. aptabilis, fr. L. aptare.]

Defn: Capable of being adapted. [Obs.] Sherwood.

APTATE
Ap"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. aptatus, p. p. of aptare. See Apt.]

Defn: To make fit. [Obs.] Bailey

APTERA
Ap"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. aptera, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Insects without wings, constituting the seventh Linnæn order of insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders, centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in several distinct classes and orders.

APTERAL
Ap"ter*al, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Apterous.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Without lateral columns; — applied to buildings which have no series of columns along their sides, but are either prostyle or amphiprostyle, and opposed to peripteral. R. Cyc.

APTERAN
Ap"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Aptera.

APTERIA
Ap*te"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Aptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Naked spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See
Pteryliæ.

APTEROUS
Ap"ter*ous, a.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of wings; apteral; as, apterous insects.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of winglike membranous expansions, as a stem or petiole; — opposed to atate.

APTERYGES
Ap*ter"y*ges, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Apteryx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx.

APTERYX
Ap"te*ryx, n. Etym: [Gr. Aptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of New Zealand birds about the size of a hen, with only short rudiments of wings, armed with a claw and without a tail; the kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic extinct moas of the same country. Five species are known.

APTITUDE
Apt"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. aptitude, LL. aptitudo, fr. L. aptus. See
Apt, and cf. Attitude.]

1. A natural or acquired disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; as, oil has an aptitude to burn. He seems to have had a peculiar aptitude for the management of irregular troops. Macaulay.

2. A general fitness or suitableness; adaptation. That sociable and helpful aptitude which God implanted between man and woman. Milton.

3. Readiness in learning; docility; aptness. He was a boy of remarkable aptitude. Macaulay.

APTITUDINAL
Apt`i*tu"di*nal, a.

Defn: Suitable; fit. [Obs.]

APTLY
Apt"ly, adv.

Defn: In an apt or suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately; readily.

APTNESS
Apt"ness, n.

1. Fitness; suitableness; appropriateness; as, the aptness of things to their end. The aptness of his quotations. J. R. Green.

2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the aptness of men to follow example.

3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in learning; docility; as, an aptness to learn is more observable in some children than in others.

4. Proneness; tendency; as, the aptness of iron to rust.

APTOTE
Ap"tote, n. Etym: [L. aptotum, Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A noun which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.

APTOTIC
Ap*tot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; as, aptotic languages.

APTYCHUS
Ap"ty*chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others, opercula.

APUS
A"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Apode, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water phyllopod crustaceans. See Phyllopod.

APYRETIC
Ap`y*ret"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. a not + pyretic.] (Med.)

Defn: Without fever; — applied to days when there is an intermission of fever. Dunglison.

APYREXIA; APYREXY
Ap`y*rex"i*a, Ap`y*rex`y, n. Etym: [NL. apyrexia, fr. Gr. apyrexie.]
(Med.)

Defn: The absence or intermission of fever.

APYREXIAL
Ap`y*rex"i*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to apyrexy. "Apyrexial period." Brande & C.

APYROUS
Ap"y*rous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Incombustible; capable of sustaining a strong heat without alteration of form or properties.

AQUA
A"qua, n. Etym: [L. See Ewer.]

Defn: Water; — a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed. Aqua ammoniæ, the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called aqua ammonia. — Aqua marine, or Aqua marina. Same as Aquamarine. — Aqua regia. Etym: [L., royal water] (Chem.), a very corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the "royal" metal. — Aqua Tofana, a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning, made by an Italian woman named Tofana, in the middle of the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600 persons. Francis. — Aqua vitæ Etym: [L., water of life. Cf. Eau de vie, Usquebaugh], a name given to brandy and some other ardent spirits. Shak.

AQUA FORTIS
A`qua for"tis. Etym: [L., strong water.] (Chem.)

Defn: Nitric acid. [Archaic]

AQUAMARINE
A`qua*ma*rine", n. (Min.)

Defn: A transparent, pale green variety of beryl, used as a gem. See
Beryl.

AQUAPUNCTURE A`qua*punc"ture, n. Etym: [L. aqua water, + punctura puncture, pungere, punctum, to, prick.] (Med.)

Defn: The introduction of water subcutaneously for the relief of pain.

AQUARELLE Aq`ua*relle", n. Etym: [F., fr. Ital acquerello, fr. acqua water, L. aqua.]

Defn: A design or painting in thin transparent water colors; also, the mode of painting in such colors.

AQUARELLIST
Aq`ua*rel"list, n.

Defn: A painter in thin transparent water colors.

AQUARIAL; AQUARIAN
A*qua"ri*al, A*qua"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an aquarium.

AQUARIAN
A*qua"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. (assumed) Aquarianus, fr. aqua: cf. F.
Aquarien. See Aqua.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Christian in the primitive church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper.

AQUARIUM
A*qua"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Aquariums, L. Aquaria. Etym: [L. See
Aquarius, Ewer.]

Defn: An artificial pond, or a globe or tank (usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic animals or plants are kept.

AQUARIUS A*qua"ri*us, n. Etym: [L. aquarius, adj., relating to water, and n., a water-carrier, fr. aqua. See Aqua.] (Astron.) (a) The Water-bearer; the eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of January; — so called from the rains which prevail at that season in Italy and the East. (b) A constellation south of Pegasus.

AQUATIC
A*quat"ic, a. Etym: [L. aquaticus: cf. F. aquatique. See Aqua.]

Defn: Pertaining to water growing in water; living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters; as, aquatic plants and fowls.

AQUATIC
A*quat`ic, n.

1. An aquatic animal or plant.

2. pl.

Defn: Sports or exercises practiced in or on the water.

AQUATICAL
A*quat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Aquatic. [R.]

AQUATILE
Aq"ua*tile, a. Etym: [L. aquatilis: cf. F. aquatile.]

Defn: Inhabiting the water. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

AQUATINT; AQUATINTA
A"qua*tint, A`qua*tin"ta, n. Etym: [It. acquatinta dyed water; acqua
(L. aqua) water + tinto, fem. tinta, dyed. See Tint.]

Defn: A kind of etching in which spaces are bitten by the use of aqua fortis, by which an effect is produced resembling a drawing in water colors or India ink; also, the engraving produced by this method.

AQUEDUCT Aq"ue*duct, n. Etym: [F. aqueduc, OF. aqueduct (Cotgr.), fr. L. aquaeductus; aquae, gen. of aqua water + ductus a leading, ducere to lead. See Aqua, Duke.]

1. A conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water, especially one for supplying large cities with water.

Note: The term is also applied to a structure (similar to the ancient aqueducts), for conveying a canal over a river or hollow; more properly called an aqueduct bridge.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A canal or passage; as, the aqueduct of Sylvius, a channel connecting the third and fourth ventricles of the brain.

AQUEITY
A*que"i*ty, n.

Defn: Wateriness. [Obs.]

AQUEOUS
A"que*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aqueux, L. aquosus, fr. aqua. See Aqua,
Aquose.]

1. Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it; watery. The aqueous vapor of the air. Tyndall.

2. Made from, or by means of, water. An aqueous deposit. Dana. Aqueous extract, an extract obtained from a vegetable substance by steeping it in water. — Aqueous humor (Anat.), one the humors of the eye; a limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens and the cornea. (See Eye.) — Aqueous rocks (Geol.), those which are deposited from water and lie in strata, as opposed to volcanic rocks, which are of igneous origin; — called also sedimentary rocks.

AQUEOUSNESS
A`que*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Wateriness.

AQUIFEROUS
A*quif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aqua water + -ferous.]

Defn: Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; as, aquiferous vessels; the aquiferous system.

AQUIFORM
A"qui*form, a. Etym: [L. aqua water + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of water.

AQUILA
Aq"ui*la, n; pl. Aquilæ. Etym: [L., an eagle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of eagles.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the Eagle. Aquila alba Etym: [L., white eagle], an alchemical name of calomel. Brande & C.

AQUILATED
Aq"ui*la`ted, a. (Her.)

Defn: Adorned with eagles' heads.

AQUILINE
Aq"ui*line, a. Etym: [L. aquilinus, fr. aquila eagle: cf. F. aquilin.
See Eagle. ]

1. Belonging to or like an eagle.

2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an eagle; — applied particularly to the nose Terribly arched and aquiline his nose. Cowper.

AQUILON
Aq"ui*lon, n. Etym: [L. aquilo, -lonis: cf. F. aquilon.]

Defn: The north wind. [Obs.] Shak.

AQUIPAROUS
A*quip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. aqua water + parere to bring forth.]
(Med.)

Defn: Secreting water; — applied to certain glands. Dunglison.

AQUITANIAN
Aq`ui*ta"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aquitania, now called Gascony.

AQUOSE
A*quose", a. Etym: [L. aquosus watery, fr. aqua. See Aqua, Aqueous.]

Defn: Watery; aqueous. [R.] Bailey.

AQUOSITY
A*quos"i*ty, n. Etym: [LL. aquositas.]

Defn: The condition of being wet or watery; wateriness. Huxley.
Very little water or aquosity is found in their belly. Holland.

AR
Ar, conj.

Defn: Ere; before. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARA
A"ra, n. Etym: [L.] (Astron.)

Defn: The Altar; a southern constellation, south of the tail of the
Scorpion.

ARA
A"ra, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name of the great blue and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna), native of South America.

ARAB Ar"ab, n. Etym: [Prob. ultimately fr. Heb. arabah a desert, the name employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the Jordan and Dead Sea. Ar. Arab, Heb. arabi, arbi, arbim: cf. F. Arabe, L. Arabs, Gr.

Defn: One of a swarthy race occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa, etc. Street Arab, a homeless vagabond in the streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl. Tylor. The ragged outcasts and street Arabs who are shivering in damp doorways. Lond. Sat. Rev.

ARABA
A*ra"ba, n. [Written also aroba and arba.] [Ar. or Turk. 'arabah: cf.
Russ. arba.]

Defn: A wagon or cart, usually heavy and without springs, and often covered. [Oriental]

The araba of the Turks has its sides of latticework to admit the air
Balfour (Cyc. of India).

ARABESQUE
Ar`a*besque", n. Etym: [F. arabesque, fr. It. arabesco, fr. Arabo
Arab.]

Defn: A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together.

Note: It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared,
without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic decorative art.
(See Moresque.) The arabesques of the Renaissance were founded on
Greco-Roman work.

ARABESQUE
Ar`a*besque", a.

1. Arabian. [Obs.]

2. Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of ornament called arabesque; as, arabesque frescoes.

ARABESQUED
Ar`a*besqued", a.

Defn: Ornamented in the style of arabesques.

ARABIAN
A*ra"bi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants. Arabian bird, the phenix. Shak.

ARABIAN
A*ra"bi*an, n.

Defn: A native of Arabia; an Arab.

ARABIC
Ar"a*bic, a. Etym: [L. Arabicus, fr. Arabia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians. Arabic numerals or figures, the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc., and the cipher 0. — Gum arabic. See under Gum.

ARABIC
Ar"a*bic, n.

Defn: The language of the Arabians.

Note: The Arabic is a Semitic language, allied to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa.

ARABICAL
A*rab"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to Arabia; Arabic.
 — A*rab"ic*al*ly, adv.

ARABIN
Ar"a*bin, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar, contained in gum arabic, from which it is extracted as a white, amorphous substance.

2. Mucilage, especially that made of gum arabic.

ARABINOSE
Ar"a*bin*ose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sugar of the composition C5H10O5, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it with dilute sulphuric acid.

ARABISM
Ar"a*bism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Arabisme.]

Defn: An Arabic idiom peculiarly of language. Stuart.

ARABIST
Ar`a*bist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Arabiste.]

Defn: One well versed in the Arabic language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the Arabic system of surgery.

ARABLE Ar"a*ble, a. Etym: [F. arable, L. arabilis, fr. arare to plow, akin to Gr. ear, to plow. See Earable.]

Defn: Fit for plowing or tillage; — hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or tilled.

ARABLE
Ar"a*ble, n.

Defn: Arable land; plow land.

ARABY
Ar"a*by, n.

Defn: The country of Arabia. [Archaic & Poetic]

ARACANESE
Ar`a*ca*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah.
 — n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Aracan.

ARACARI
A`ra*, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird, of the genus Pleroglossius, allied to the toucans. There are several species.

ARACE
A*race", v. t. Etym: [OE. aracen, arasen, OF. arachier, esracier, F.
arracher, fr. L. exradicare, eradicare. The prefix a- is perh. due to
L. ab. See Eradicate.]

Defn: To tear up by the roots; to draw away. [Obs.] Wyatt.

ARACEOUS
A*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. arum a genus of plants, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of which the genus Arum is the type.

ARACHNID
A*rach"nid, n.

Defn: An arachnidan. Huxley.

ARACHNIDA
A*rach"ni*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of Arthropoda. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: They have four pairs of legs, no antennæ nor wings, a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxillæ or palpi. The head is usually consolidated with the thorax. The respiration is either by trancheæ or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three principal orders: Araneina, or spiders; Arthrogastra, including scorpions, etc.; and Acarina, or mites and ticks.

ARACHNIDAN
A*rach"ni*dan, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Arachnida.

ARACHNIDIAL Ar`ach*nid"i*al, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Of or pertaining to the Arachnida. (b) Pertaining to the arachnidium.

ARACHNIDIUM
Ar`ach*nid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Arachnida.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The glandular organ in which the material for the web of spiders is secreted.

ARACHNITIS
Ar`ach*ni"tis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane.

ARACHNOID
A*rach"noid, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a thin membrane of the brain and spinal cord, between the dura mater and pia mater.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with, or composed of, soft, loose hairs or fibers, so as to resemble a cobweb; cobwebby.

ARACHNOID
A*rach"noid, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The arachnoid membrane.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Arachnoidea.

ARACHNOIDAL
Ar`ach*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane; arachnoid.

ARACHNOIDEA
Ar`ach*noid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Arachnida.

ARACHNOLOGICAL
A*rach`no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to arachnology.

ARACHNOLOGIST
Ar`ach*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in, or studies, arachnology.

ARACHNOLOGY
Ar`ach*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The department of zoölogy which treats of spiders and other
Arachnida.

ARAEOMETER
A`ræ*om"e*ter.

Defn: See Areometer.

ARAEOSTYLE
A*ræ"o*style, a. & n. Etym: [L. araeostylos, Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: See Intercolumniation.

ARAEOSYSTYLE
A*ræ`o*sys"tyle, a. & n. Etym: [Gr. Systyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Intercolumniation.

ARAGONESE
Ar`a*go*nese, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants.
 — n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Aragon, in Spain.

ARAGONITE
A*rag"o*nite, n. Etym: [From Aragon, in Spain.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of its physical characters.

ARAGUATO
A`ra*gua"to, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American monkey, the ursine howler (Mycetes ursinus).
See Howler, n., 2.

ARAISE
A*raise"", v. t.

Defn: To raise. [Obs.] Shak.

ARAK
Ar"ak, n.

Defn: Same as Arrack.

ARAMAEAN; ARAMEAN
Ar`a*mæan, Ar`a*me"an, a. Etym: [L. Aramaeus, Gr. Aram, i. e.
Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language; Aramaic. — n.

Defn: A native of Aram.

ARAMAIC
Ar`a*ma"ic, a. Etym: [See Aramæan, a.]

Defn: Pertaining to Aram, or to the territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and Mesopotamia; Aramæan; — specifically applied to the northern branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and Chaldee. — n.

Defn: The Aramaic language.

ARAMAISM
Ar`a*ma"ism, n.

Defn: An idiom of the Aramaic.

ARANEIDA; ARANEOIDEA
Ar`a*ne"i*da, Ar`a*ne*oid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Araneina.

ARANEIDAN
Ar`a*ne"i*dan, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Araneina or spiders.
 — n.

Defn: One of the Araneina; a spider.

ARANEIFORM
Ar`a*ne"i*form a. Etym: [L. aranea spider + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a spider. Kirby.

ARANEINA
A*ra`ne*i"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. aranea spider.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of Arachnida that includes the spiders.

Note: They have mandibles, modified a poison faIllustration in
Appendix.

ARANEOSE
A*ra"ne*ose`, a. Etym: [L. araneous.]

Defn: Of the aspect of a spider's web; arachnoid.

ARANEOUS A*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. araneosus, fr. aranea spider, spider's web.]

Defn: Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a cobweb; as, the araneous membrane of the eye. See Arachnoid. Derham.

ARANGO
A*ran"go, n.; pl. Arangoes. Etym: [The native name.]

Defn: A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported from
Bombay for use in the African slave trade. McCulloch.

ARAPAIMA
A`ra*pai"ma, n. Etym: [Prob. native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large fresh-water food fish of South America.

ARARA
A*ra"ra, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The palm (or great black) cockatoo, of Australia (Microglossus aterrimus).

ARAROBA
Ar`a*ro"ba, n. [Tupi.]

1. Goa powder.

2. A fabaceous tree of Brazil (Centrolobium robustum) having handsomely striped wood; —called also zebrawood.

ARATION
A*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. aratio, fr. arare to plow.]

Defn: Plowing; tillage. [R.] Lands are said to be in a state of aration when they are under tillage. Brande.

ARATORY
Ar"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. aratorius: cf. F. aratoire.]

Defn: Contributing to tillage.

ARAUCARIA
Ar`au*ca"ri*a, n. Etym: [Araucania, a territory south of Chili.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tall conifers of the pine family. The species are confined mostly to South America and Australia. The wood cells differ from those of other in having the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible.

ARAUCARIAN
Ar`au*ca"ri*an, a.

Defn: Relating to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest conifers in geological history were mostly Araucarian. Dana.

ARBALEST; ARBALIST
Ar"ba*lest, Ar"ba*list, n. Etym: [OF. arbaleste, LL. arbalista, for
L. arcuballista; arcus bow + ballista a military engine. See
Ballista.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A crossbow, consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc. [Written also arbalet and arblast.] Fosbroke.

ARBALESTER; ARBALISTER Ar"ba*lest`er, Ar"ba*list`er, n. Etym: [OF. arblastere, OF. arbalestier. See Arbalest.]

Defn: A crossbowman. [Obs.] Speed.

ARBITER Ar"bi*ter, n. Etym: [L. arbiter; ar- (for ad) + the root of betere to go; hence properly, one who comes up to look on.]

1. A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them.

Note: In modern usage, arbitrator is the technical word.

2. Any person who has the power of judging and determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited. For Jove is arbiter of both to man. Cowper.

Syn. — Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller; ruler; governor.

ARBITER
Ar"bi*ter, v. t.

Defn: To act as arbiter between. [Obs.]

ARBITRABLE
Ar"bi*tra*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. arbitrable, fr. L. arbitrari. See
Arbitrate, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being decided by arbitration; determinable.
[Archaic] Bp. Hall.

ARBITRAGE Ar"bi*trage, n. Etym: [F., fr. arbiter to give judgment, L. arbitrari.]

1. Judgment by an arbiter; authoritative determination. [Archaic]

2. (Com)

Defn: A traffic in bills of exchange (see Arbitration of Exchange); also, a traffic in stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different markets.

ARBITRAL
Ar"bi*tral, a. Etym: [L. arbitralis.]

Defn: Of or relating to an arbiter or an arbitration. [R.]

ARBITRAMENT
Ar*bit"ra*ment, n. Etym: [LL. arbitramentum.]

1. Determination; decision; arbitration. The arbitrament of time. Everett. Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to personal arbitrament. Sir W. Scott.

2. The award of arbitrators. Cowell.

ARBITRARILY
Ar"bi*tra*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In an arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely.

ARBITRARINESS
Ar"bi*tra*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny. Bp.
Hall.

ARBITRARIOUS
Ar`bi*tra"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. arbitrarius. See Arbitrary.]

Defn: Arbitrary; despotic. [Obs.] — Ar`bi*tra"*ri*ous*ly, adv.
[Obs.]

ARBITRARY Ar"bi*tra*ry, a. Etym: [L. arbitrarius, fr. arbiter: cf. F. arbitraire. See Arbiter.]

1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an arbitrary punishment. It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so. Jer. Taylor. Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most arbitrary of all things. Landor.

2. Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse the possession of power. Arbitrary power is most easily established on the ruins of liberty abused licentiousness. Washington.

3. Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law; harsh and unforbearing; tyrannical; as, an arbitrary prince or government. Dryden. Arbitrary constant, Arbitrary function (Math.), a quantity of function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and to which any value or form may at will be given, so that the solution may be made to meet special requirements. — Arbitrary quantity (Math.), one to which any value can be assigned at pleasure.

ARBITRATE Ar"bi*trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arbitrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Arbitrating.] Etym: [L. arbitratus, p. p. of arbitrari to be a hearer or beholder of something, to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. arbiter. See Arbiter.]

1. To hear and decide, as arbitrators; as, to choose to arbitrate a disputed case.

2. To decide, or determine generally. South. There shall your swords and lances arbitrate The swelling difference of your settled hate. Shak.

ARBITRATE
Ar"bi*trate, v. i.

1. To decide; to determine. Shak.

2. To act as arbitrator or judge; as, to arbitrate upon several reports;; to arbitrate in disputes among heighbors; to arbitrate between parties to a suit.

ARBITRATION Ar`bi*tra"tion, n. Etym: [F. arbitration, L. arbitratio, fr. arbitrari.]

Defn: The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons chosen by the parties.

Note: This may be done by one person; but it is usual to choose two or three called arbitrators; or for each party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the umpire. Their determination is called the award. Bouvier Arbitration bond, a bond which obliges one to abide by the award of an arbitration. — Arbitration of Exchange, the operation of converting the currency of one country into that of another, or determining the rate of exchange between such countries or currencies. An arbitrated rate is one determined by such arbitration through the medium of one or more intervening currencies.

ARBITRATOR
Ar"bi*tra`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. arbitrari: cf. F. arbitrateur.]

1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen by parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. See Arbitration.

2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing without control; a ruler; a governor. Though Heaven be shut, And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure. Milton. Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a peace. Addison.

Syn.
 — Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See Judge.

ARBITRATRIX
Ar"bi*tra`trix, n. Etym: [L., fem. of arbitrator.]

Defn: A female who arbitrates or judges.

ARBITRESS
Ar"bi*tress, n. Etym: [From Arbiter.]

Defn: A female arbiter; an arbitratrix. Milton.

ARBLAST
Ar"blast, n.

Defn: A crossbow. See Arbalest.

ARBOR Ar"bor, n. Etym: [OE. herber, herbere, properly a garden of herbs, F. herbier, fr. L. herbarium. See Herb, and cf. Herbarium.]

Defn: A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower. Sir P. Sidney.

ARBOR
Ar"bor, n. [Written also arbour.] Etym: [L., a tree, a beam.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree, as distinguished from a shrub.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. arbre.] (Mech.) (a) An axle or spindle of a wheel or opinion. (b) A mandrel in lathe turning. Knight. Arbor Day, a day appointed for planting trees and shrubs. [U.S.]

ARBORARY
Ar"bo*ra*ry, a. Etym: [L. arborarius, fr. arbor tree.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to trees; arboreal.

ARBORATOR
Ar"bo*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. arbor tree.]

Defn: One who plants or who prunes trees. [Obs.] Evelyn.

ARBOR DIANAE
Ar"bor Di*a"næ. Etym: [L., the tree of Diana, or silver.] (Chem.)

Defn: A precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form.

ARBOREAL
Ar*bo"re*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of trees. Cowley.

2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting, woods or trees; as, arboreal animals. Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal. Darwin.

ARBORED
Ar"bored, a.

Defn: Furnished with an arbor; lined with trees. "An arboreal walk."
Pollok.

ARBOREOUS
Ar*bo"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. arboreous, fr. arbor tree.]

1. Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a proper tree, in distinction from a shrub. Loudon.

2. Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; as, arboreous moss. Quincy.

ARBORESCENCE
Ar`bo*res"cence, n.

Defn: The state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that form; as, the arborescence produced by precipitating silver.

ARBORESCENT Ar`bo*res"cent, a. Etym: [L. arborescens, p. pr. of arborescere to become a tree, fr. arbor tree.]

Defn: Resembling a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a tree. "Arborescent hollyhocks." Evelyn.

ARBORET
Ar"bo*ret, n. Etym: [OF. arboret, dim. of arbre tree, L. arbor]

Defn: A small tree or shrub. [Obs.] Spenser.
Among thick-woven arborets, and flowers Imbordered on each bank.
Milton.

ARBORETUM
Ar`bo*re"tum, n.; pl. Arboreta. Etym: [L., a place grown with trees.]

Defn: A place in which a collection of rare trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational purposes.

ARBORICAL
Ar*bor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to trees. [Obs.]

ARBORICOLE
Ar*bor"i*cole, a. Etym: [L. arbor + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tree-inhabiting; — said of certain birds.

ARBORICULTURAL
Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to arboriculture. Loudon.

ARBORICULTURE
Ar`bor*i*cul"ture, n. Etym: [L. arbor tree + cultura. See Culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of trees and shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes.

ARBORICULTURIST
Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who cultivates trees.

ARBORIFORM
Ar*bor"i*form, a.

Defn: Treelike in shape.

ARBORIST
Ar"bor*ist, n. Etym: [F. arboriste, fr. L. arbor tree.]

Defn: One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees. Howell.

ARBORIZATION
Ar`bor*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arborisation, fr. L. arbor tree.]

Defn: The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals or fossils; a dendrite.

ARBORIZED
Ar"bor*ized, a.

Defn: Having a treelike appearance. "An arborized or moss agate."
Wright.

ARBOROUS
Ar"bor*ous, a.

Defn: Formed by trees. [Obs.]
From under shady, arborous roof. Milton.

ARBOR VINE
Ar"bor vine`.

Defn: A species of bindweed.

ARBOR VITAE
Ar"bor vi"tæ. Etym: [L., tree of life.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen tree of the cypress tribe, genus Thuja. The
American species is the T. occidentalis.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The treelike disposition of the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a vertical section.

ARBUSCLE Ar"bus*cle, n. Etym: [L. arbuscula small tree, shrub, dim. of arbor tree.]

Defn: A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a tree; a treelike shrub. Bradley.

ARBUSCULAR
Ar*bus"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike. Da Costa.

ARBUSTIVE Ar*bus"tive, a. Etym: [L. arbustivus, fr. arbustum place where trees are planted.]

Defn: Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered with shrubs.
Bartram.

ARBUTUS; ARBUTE
Ar"bu*tus, Ar"bute, n. Etym: [L. arbutus, akin to arbor tree.]

Defn: The strawberry tree, a genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree. Trailing arbutus (Bot.), a creeping or trailing plant of the Heath family (Epigæa repens), having white or usually rose- colored flowers with a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and appearing early in the spring; in New England known as mayflower; — called also ground laurel. Gray.

ARC
Arc, n. Etym: [F. arc, L. arcus bow, arc. See Arch, n.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or of an ellipse.

2. A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the arc of Hadley's quadrant.

3. An arch. [Obs.] Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs. Milton.

4. The apparent arc described, above or below the horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The diurnal arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal arc during the night. Electric arc, Voltaic arc. See under Voltaic.

ARCADE Ar*cade", n. Etym: [F. arcade, Sp. arcada, LL. arcata, fr. L. arcus bow, arch.]

1. (Arch.) (a) A series of arches with the columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in the cut) and forming a decorative feature. (b) A long, arched building or gallery.

2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue.

ARCADED
Ar*cad"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with an arcade.

ARCADIA
Ar*ca"di*a, n. Etym: [L. Arcadia, Gr.

1. A mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment and rural happiness.

2. Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and untroubled quiet. Where the cow is, there is Arcadia. J. Burroughs.

ARCADIAN; ARCADIC
Ar*ca"di*an, Ar*ca"dic, a. Etym: [L. Arcadius, Arcadicus, fr.
Arcadia: cf. F. Arcadien, Arcadique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as,
Arcadian simplicity or scenery.

ARCANE
Ar*cane", a. Etym: [L. arcanus.]

Defn: Hidden; secret. [Obs.] "The arcane part of divine wisdom."
Berkeley.

ARCANUM Ar*ca"num, n.; pl. Arcana. Etym: [L., fr. arcanus closed, secret, fr. arca chest, box, fr. arcere to inclose. See Ark.]

1. A secret; a mystery; — generally used in the plural. Inquiries into the arcana of the Godhead. Warburton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A secret remedy; an elixir. Dunglison.

ARCBOUTANT
Arc`*bou`tant", n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: A flying buttress. Gwilt.

ARCH
Arch, n. Etym: [F. arche, fr. LL. arca, for arcus. See Arc.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: Any part of a curved line.

2. (Arch.) (a) Usually a curved member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve; used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In this sense arches are segmental, round (i. e., semicircular), or pointed. (b) A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising in a curve.

Note: Scientifically considered, the arch is a means of spanning an opening by resolving vertical pressure into horizontal or diagonal thrust.

3. Any place covered by an arch; an archway; as, to pass into the arch of a bridge.

4. Any curvature in the form of an arch; as, the arch of the aorta. "Colors of the showery arch." Milton. Triumphal arch, a monumental structure resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected to commemorate a triumph.

ARCH
Arch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arched; p. pr. & vb. n. Arching.]

1. To cover with an arch or arches.

2. To form or bend into the shape of an arch. The horse arched his neck. Charlesworth.

ARCH
Arch, v. i.

Defn: To form into an arch; to curve.

ARCH-
Arch- (ärch-, except in archangel and one or two other words). Etym:
[L. arch-, Gr. Arch-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying chief, as in archbuilder, archfiend.

ARCH
Arch, a. Etym: [See Arch-, pref.]

1. Chief; eminent; greatest; principal. The most arch act of piteous massacre. Shak.

2. Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish; as, an arch look, word, lad. [He] spoke his request with so arch a leer. Tatler.

ARCH
Arch, n. Etym: [See Arch-, pref.]

Defn: A chief. [Obs.]
My worthy arch and patron comes to-night. Shak.

ARCH *arch. Etym: [Gr. Arch, a.]

Defn: A suffix meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole ruler).

-ARCH -arch. [Gr. 'archo`s chief, commander, 'a`rchein to rule. See Arch, a.]

Defn: A suffix meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole ruler).

ARCHAEAN
Ar*chæ"an, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Ancient; pertaining to the earliest period in geological history.

ARCHAEAN
Ar*chæ"an, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The earliest period in geological period, extending up to the Lower Silurian. It includes an Azoic age, previous to the appearance of life, and an Eozoic age, including the earliest forms of life.

Note: This is equivalent to the formerly accepted term Azoic, and to the Eozoic of Dawson.

ARCHAEOGRAPHY
Ar`chæ*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities.

ARCHAEOLITHIC
Ar`chæ*o*lith"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Archæol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the earliest Stone age; — applied to a prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic age.

ARCHAEOLOGIAN
Ar`chæ*o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: An archæologist.

ARCHAEOLOGIC; ARCHAEOLOGICAL
Ar`chæ*o*log"ic, Ar`chæ*o*log"ic*al,

Defn: Relating to archæology, or antiquities; as, archæological
researches.
 — Ar`*chæ*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ARCHAEOLOGIST
Ar`chæ*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in archæology; an antiquary. Wright.

ARCHAEOLOGY
Ar`chæ*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science or study of antiquities, esp. prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other relics, written manuscripts, etc.

ARCHAEOPTERYX
Ar`chæ*op"te*ryx, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having a long tapering tail of many vertebræ with feathers along each side, and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian characteristics.

ARCHAEOSTOMATOUS
Ar`chæ*o*stom"a*tous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely up.

ARCHAEOZOIC
Ar`chæ*o*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life.

ARCHAIC
Ar*cha"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or characterized by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent.

ARCHAICAL
Ar*cha"ic*al, a.

Defn: Archaic. [R.] — Ar*cha"ic*al*ly, adv.

ARCHAISM
Ar"cha*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. archaïsme. See Arch, a.]

1. An ancient, antiquated, or old-fashioned, word, expression, or idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in common use.

2. Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness. A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of archaism and remoteness from ordinary use) to our Scriptural vocabulary. De Quincey.

ARCHAIST
Ar"cha*ist, n.

1. Am antiquary.

2. One who uses archaisms.

ARCHAISTIC
Ar`cha*is"tic, a.

Defn: Like, or imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an archaism.

ARCHAIZE
Ar"cha*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Archaized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Archaizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To make appear archaic or antique. Mahaffy.

ARCHANGEL
Arch`an"gel, n. Etym: [L. archangelus, Gr. archangel, F. archange.
See Arch-, pref., and Angel.]

1. A chief angel; one high in the celestial hierarchy. Milton.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A term applied to several different species of plants (Angelica archangelica, Lamium album, etc.).

ARCHANGELIC
Arch`an*gel"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. archangélique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to archangels; of the nature of, or resembling, an archangel. Milton.

ARCHBISHOP Arch`bish"op, n. Etym: [AS. arcebisceop, arcebiscop, L. archiepiscopus, fr. Gr. Bishop.]

Defn: A chief bishop; a church dignitary of the first class (often called a metropolitan or primate) who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese.

ARCHBISHOPRIC
Arch`bish"op*ric, n. Etym: [AS. arcebiscoprice. See -ric.]

Defn: The jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or province over which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority.

ARCH BRICK
Arch" brick`.

Defn: A wedge-shaped brick used in the building of an arch.

ARCHBUTLER
Arch`but"ler, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + butler.]

Defn: A chief butler; — an officer of the German empire.

ARCHCHAMBERLAIN
Arch`cham"ber*lain, n. Etym: [Cf. G. erzkämmerer. See Arch-, pref.]

Defn: A chief chamberlain; — an officer of the old German empire, whose office was similar to that of the great chamberlain in England.

ARCHCHANCELLOR
Arch`chan"cel*lor, n. Etym: [Cf. Ger. erzkanzler. See Arch-, pref.]

Defn: A chief chancellor; — an officer in the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the court.

ARCHCHEMIC
Arch`chem"ic, a.

Defn: Of supreme chemical powers. [R.] "The archchemic sun." Milton.

ARCHDEACON Arch`dea"con, n. Etym: [AS. arcediacon, archidiacon, L. archidiaconus, fr. Gr. Arch-, pref., and Deacon.]

Defn: In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with independent authority. Blackstone.

ARCHDEACONRY
Arch`dea"con*ry, n.

Defn: The district, office, or residence of an archdeacon. See
Benefice.
Every diocese is divided into archdeaconries. Blackstone.

ARCHDEACONSHIP
Arch`dea"con*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an archdeacon.

ARCHDIOCESE
Arch`di"o*cese, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + diocese.]

Defn: The diocese of an archbishop.

ARCHDUCAL
Arch`du"cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archduke or archduchy.

ARCHDUCHESS
Arch`duch"ess, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + duchess.]

Defn: The consort of an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial family of Austria. See Archduke.

ARCHDUCHY
Arch`duch"y, n.

Defn: The territory of an archduke or archduchess. Ash.

ARCHDUKE
Arch`duke", n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + duke.]

Defn: A prince of the imperial family of Austria.

Note: Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of Lorraine, Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the descendants of the imperial family of Austria through the make line, all such male descendants being styled archduke, and all such female descendants archduchesses.

ARCHDUKEDOM
Arch`duke"dom, n.

Defn: An archduchy.

ARCHEBIOSIS
Ar`che*bi*o"sis, n. Etym: [Pref. arche- + Gr.

Defn: To origination of living matter from non-living. See
Abiogenesis. Bastian.

ARCHED
Arched, a.

Defn: Made with an arch or curve; covered with an arch; as, an arched door.

ARCHEGONIAL
Ar`che*go"ni*al, a.

Defn: Relating to the archegonium.

ARCHEGONIUM
Ar`che*go"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The pistillidium or female organ in the higher cryptogamic plants, corresponding to the pistil in flowering plants.

ARCHEGONY
Ar*cheg"o*ny, n. Etym: [See Archegonium.] (Biol.)

Defn: Spontaneous generation; abiogenesis.

ARCHELOGY
Ar*chel"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of, or a treatise on, first principles. Fleming.

ARCHENCEPHALA
Ar`chen*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pref. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division that includes man alone. R. Owen.

ARCHENEMY
Arch`en"e*my, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + enemy.]

Defn: A principal enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind. Milton.

ARCHENTERIC
Arch`en*ter"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to the archenteron; as, archenteric invagination.

ARCHENTERON
Arch`en"ter*on, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a gastrula or other embryo. See Illust. under Invagination.

ARCHEOLOGY; ARCHEOLOGICAL
Ar`che*ol"o*gy, n., Ar`che*o*log`ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Archæology, etc.

ARCHER Arch"er, n. Etym: [archier, F. archer, LL. arcarius, fr. L. arcus bow. See Arc, Arch, n.]

Defn: A bowman, one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.

ARCHERESS
Arch"er*ess, n.

Defn: A female archer. Markham.

ARCHER FISH
Arch"er fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small fish (Toxotes jaculator), of the East Indies; — so called from its ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its prey. The name is also applied to Chætodon rostratus.

ARCHERSHIP
Arch"er*ship, n.

Defn: The art or skill of an archer.

ARCHERY
Arch"er*y, n. Etym: [OE. archerie.]

1. The use of the bow and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art, practice, or skill of shooting with a bow and arrows.

2. Archers, or bowmen, collectively. Let all our archery fall off In wings of shot a-both sides of the van. Webster (1607).

ARCHES
Arch"es,

Defn: pl. of Arch, n. Court of arches, or Arches Court (Eng. Law), the court of appeal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the judge, who sits as deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of the Arches, because he anciently held his court in the church of St. Mary-le-Bow (de arcubus). It is now held in Westminster. Mozley & W.

ARCHETYPAL
Ar"che*ty`pal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or ideal) or pattern; original. "One archetypal mind." Gudworth.

Note: Among Platonists, the archetypal world is the world as it existed as an idea of God before the creation.

ARCHETYPALLY
Ar"che*ty`pal*ly, adv.

Defn: With reference to the archetype; originally. "Parts archetypally distinct." Dana.

ARCHETYPE Ar"che*type, n. Etym: [L. archetypum, Gr. archétype. See Arch-, pref.]

1. The original pattern or model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or formed. The House of Commons, the archetype of all the representative assemblies which now meet. Macaulay. Types and shadows of that glorious archetype that was to come into the world. South.

2. (Coinage)

Defn: The standard weight or coin by which others are adjusted.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: The plan or fundamental structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; as, the vertebrate archetype.

ARCHETYPICAL
Ar`che*typ"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to an archetype; archetypal.

ARCHEUS
Ar*che"us, n. Etym: [LL. arch, Gr. Archi-, pref.]

Defn: The vital principle or force which (according to the
Paracelsians) presides over the growth and continuation of living
beings; the anima mundi or plastic power of the old philosophers.
[Obs.] Johnson.

ARCHI-
Ar"chi-. Etym: [L., archi-, Gr. arce-, erce-, OHG. erzi-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying chief, arch; as, architect, archiepiscopal. In Biol. and Anat. it usually means primitive, original, ancestral; as, archipterygium, the primitive fin or wing.

ARCHIANNELIDA
Ar`chi*an*nel"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; pref. archi- + annelida.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Annelida remarkable for having no external segments or distinct ventral nerve ganglions.

ARCHIATER
Ar"chi*a`ter, n. Etym: [L. archiatrus, Gr.

Defn: Chief physician; — a term applied, on the continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes and to the first physician of some cities. P. Cyc.

ARCHIBALD WHEEL
Ar"chi*bald wheel.

Defn: A metal-hubbed wheel of great strength and elasticity, esp. adapted for artillery carriages and motor cars.

ARCHIBLASTULA
Ar`chi*blas"tu*la, n. Etym: [Pref. archi + blastula.] (Biol.)

Defn: A hollow blastula, supposed to be the primitive form; a c

ARCHICAL
Ar"chi*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. Arch-, pref.]

Defn: Chief; primary; primordial. [Obs.] Cudworth.

ARCHIDIACONAL
Ar`chi*di*ac"o*nal, a. Etym: [L. archidiaconus, Gr. archdeacon.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archdeacon.
This offense is liable to be censured in an archidiaconal visitation.
Johnson.

ARCHIEPISCOPACY
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pa*cy, n. Etym: [Pref. archi- + episcopacy.]

1. That form of episcopacy in which the chief power is in the hands of archbishops.

2. The state or dignity of an archbishop.

ARCHIEPISCOPAL
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pal, a. Etym: [Pref. archi- + episcopal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an archiepiscopal see.

ARCHIEPISCOPALITY
Ar`chi*e*pis`co*pal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The station or dignity of an archbishop; archiepiscopacy.
Fuller.

ARCHIEPISCOPATE
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pate, n. Etym: [Pref. archi- + episcopate.]

Defn: The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric.

ARCHIEREY
Ar*chi"e*rey, n. Etym: [Russ. archieréi, fr. Gr. arch-) + * priest.]

Defn: The higher order of clergy in Russia, including metropolitans, archbishops, and bishops. Pinkerton.

ARCHIL
Ar"chil, n. Etym: [OF. orchel, orcheil, It. orcella, oricello, or
OSp. orchillo. Cf. Orchil.]

1. A violet dye obtained from several species of lichen (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape Verd Islands, etc. Tomlinson.

2. The plant from which the dye is obtained. [Written also orchal and orchil.]

ARCHILOCHIAN
Ar`chi*lo"chi*an, a. Etym: [L. Archilochius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the satiric Greek poet Archilochus; as,
Archilochian meter.

ARCHIMAGE; ARCHIMAGUS
Ar"chi*mage, Ar`chi*ma"gus, n. Etym: [NL.; pref. archi- + L. magus,
Gr.

1. The high priest of the Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.

2. A great magician, wizard, or enchanter. Spenser.

ARCHIMANDRITE Ar`chi*man"drite, n. Etym: [L. archimandrita, LGr. arch-) + (Gr. Church) (a) A chief of a monastery, corresponding to abbot in the Roman Catholic church. (b) A superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to superior abbot, or father provincial, in the Roman Catholic church.

ARCHIMEDEAN
Ar`chi*me*de"an, a. Etym: [L. Archimedeus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher; constructed on the principle of Archimedes' screw; as, Archimedean drill, propeller, etc. Archimedean screw, or Archimedes' screw, an instrument, said to have been invented by Archimedes, for raising water, formed by winding a flexible tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. When the screw is placed in an inclined position, and the lower end immersed in water, by causing the screw to revolve, the water is raised to the upper end. Francis.

ARCHIMEDES
Ar`chi*me"des, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Bryzoa characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of a screw.

ARCHING
Arch"ing, n.

1. The arched part of a structure.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Hogging; — opposed to sagging.

ARCHIPELAGIC
Ar`chi*pe*lag"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an archipelago.

ARCHIPELAGO Ar`chi*pel"a*go, n.; pl. -goes or -gos. Etym: [It. arcipelago, properly, chief sea; Gr. pref Plague.]

1. The Grecian Archipelago, or Ægean Sea, separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast number of small islands.

2. Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.

ARCHIPTERYGIUM
Ar*chip`te*ryg"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pref. arch-) + (Anat.)

Defn: The primitive form of fin, like that of Ceratodus.

ARCHITECT Ar"chi*tect, n. Etym: [L. architectus, architecton, Gr. archi-) + architecte, It. architetto. See Technical.]

1. A person skilled in the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and to superintend the artificers employed.

2. A contriver, designer, or maker. The architects of their own happiness. Milton. A French woman is a perfect architect in dress. Coldsmith.

ARCHITECTIVE
Ar`chi*tec"tive, a.

Defn: Used in building; proper for building. Derham.

ARCHITECTONIC; ARCHITECTONICAL Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic, Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. architectonicus, Gr. Architect.]

1. Pertaining to a master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill in designing or construction; constructive. "Architectonic wisdom." Boyle. These architectonic functions which we had hitherto thought belonged. J. C. Shairp.

2. Relating to the systemizing of knowledge.

ARCHITECTONIC
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. architectonique.]

1. The science of architecture.

2. The act of arranging knowledge into a system.

ARCHITECTONICS
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ics, n.

Defn: The science of architecture.

ARCHITECTOR
Ar"chi*tec`tor, n.

Defn: An architect. [Obs.] North.

ARCHITECTRESS
Ar"chi*tec`tress, n.

Defn: A female architect.

ARCHITECTURAL
Ar`chi*tec"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules
of architecture.
 — Ar`chi*tec"tur*al*ly, adv.

ARCHITECTURE Ar"chi*tec`ture, n. Etym: [L. architectura, fr. architectus: cf. F. architecture. See Architect.]

1. The art or science of building; especially, the art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures, for the purposes of civil life; — often called civil architecture. Many other architectures besides Gothic. Ruskin.

3. Construction, in a more general sense; frame or structure;
workmanship.
The architecture of grasses, plants, and trees. Tyndall.
The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine
architecture. Burnet.
Military architecture, the art of fortifications.
 — Naval architecture, the art of building ships.

ARCHITEUTHIS
Ar`chi*teu"this, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pref. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of gigantic cephalopods, allied to the squids, found esp. in the North Atlantic and about New Zealand.

ARCHITRAVE Ar"chi*trave, n. Etym: [F. architrave, fr. It. architrave; pref. archi- + trave beam, L. trabs.] (Arch.) (a) The lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See Column. (b) The group of moldings, or other architectural member, above and on both sides of a door or other opening, especially if square in form.

ARCHITRAVED
Ar"chi*traved, a.

Defn: Furnished with an architrave. Cowper.

ARCHIVAL
Ar"chi*val, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or contained in, archives or records. Tooke.

ARCHIVE Ar"chive, n.; pl. Archives. Etym: [F. archives, pl., L. archivum, archium, fr. Gr. Archi-, pref.]

1. pl.

Defn: The place in which public records or historic documents are
kept.
Our words . . . . become records in God's court, and are laid up in
his archives as witnesses. Gov. of Tongue.

2. pl.

Defn: Public records or documents preserved as evidence of facts; as,
the archives of a country or family. [Rarely used in sing.]
Some rotten archive, rummaged out of some seldom explored press.
Lamb.

Syn.
 — Registers; records; chronicles.

ARCHIVIST
Ar"chi*vist, n. Etym: [F. archiviste.]

Defn: A keeper of archives or records. [R.]

ARCHIVOLT Ar"chi*volt, n. Etym: [F. archivolte, fr. It. archivolto; pref. archi- + volto vault, arch. See Vault.] (Arch.) (a) The architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an arch, corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square opening. (b) More commonly, the molding or other ornaments with which the wall face of the voussoirs of an arch is charged.

ARCHLUTE; ARCHILUTE
Arch"lute, Arch"i*lute, n. Etym: [Cf. F. archiluth, It. arciliuto.]
(Mus.)

Defn: A large theorbo, or double-necked lute, formerly in use, having the bass strings doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a unison.

ARCHLY
Arch"ly, adv.

Defn: In an arch manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness;
slyly; waggishly.
Archly the maiden smiled. Longfellow.

ARCHMARSHAL
Arch`mar"shal, n. Etym: [G. erzmarschall. See Arch-, pref.]

Defn: The grand marshal of the old German empire, a dignity that to the Elector of Saxony.

ARCHNESS
Arch"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being arch; cleverness; sly humor free from malice; waggishness. Goldsmith.

ARCHON
Ar"chon, n. Etym: [L. archon, Gr. (Antiq.)

Defn: One of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by preëminence, the first of the nine chief magistrates. — Ar*chon"tic, a.

ARCHONSHIP
Ar"chon*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an archon. Mitford.

ARCHONTATE
Ar"chon*tate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. archontat.]

Defn: An archon's term of office. Gibbon.

ARCHONTS
Ar"chonts, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. p. pr. See Archon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group including man alone.

ARCHOPLASM
Ar"cho*plasm, n. [See Archon; Plasma.] (Biol.)

Defn: The substance from which attraction spheres develop in mitotic cell division, and of which they consist.

ARCHPRELATE
Arch`prel"ate, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + prelate.]

Defn: An archbishop or other chief prelate.

ARCHPRESBYTER
Arch`pres"by*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Archpriest.

ARCHPRESBYTERY
Arch`pres"by*ter*y, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + presbutery.]

Defn: The absolute dominion of presbytery. Milton.

ARCHPRIEST
Arch`priest", n.

Defn: A chief priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean.

ARCHPRIMATE
Arch`pri"mate, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + primate.]

Defn: The chief primate. Milton.

ARCH STONE
Arch" stone`.

Defn: A wedge-shaped stone used in an arch; a voussoir.

ARCHTRAITOR
Arch`trai"tor, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + traitor.]

Defn: A chief or transcendent traitor. I. Watts.

ARCHTREASURER
Arch`treas"ur*er, n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + treasurer.]

Defn: A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the
German empire.

ARCHWAY
Arch"way, n.

Defn: A way or passage under an arch.

ARCHWIFE
Arch`wife", n. Etym: [Pref. arch- + wife.]

Defn: A big, masculine wife. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARCHWISE
Arch"wise, adv.

Defn: Arch-shaped.

ARCHY
Arch"y, a.

Defn: Arched; as, archy brows.

ARCHY *ar"chy. Etym: [Gr. Arch-, pref.]

Defn: A suffix properly meaning a rule, ruling, as in monarchy, the rule of one only. Cf. -arch.

ARCIFORM
Ar"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. arcus bow + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of an arch; curved.

ARC LIGHT
Arc light. (Elec.)

Defn: The light of an arc lamp.

ARCOGRAPH
Arc"o*graph, n. Etym: [L. arcus (E. arc) + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of a central point; a cyclograph.

ARCTATION Arc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. arctus shut in, narrow, p. p. of arcere to shut in: cf. F. arctation.] (Med.)

Defn: Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in constipation from inflammation.

ARCTIC Arc"tic, a. Etym: [OE. artik, OF. artique, F. arctique, L. arcticus, fr. Gr. ursus bear, Skr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or situated under, the northern constellation called the Bear; northern; frigid; as, the arctic pole, circle, region, ocean; an arctic expedition, night, temperature.

Note: The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 23º 28' from the north pole. This and the antarctic circle are called the polar circles, and between these and the poles lie the frigid zones. See Zone.

ARCTIC
Arc"tic, n.

1. The arctic circle.

2. A warm waterproof overshoe. [U.S.]

ARCTISCA
Arc*tis"ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Arachnida. See Illust. in Appendix.

ARCTOGEAL
Arc`to*ge"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to arctic lands; as, the arctogeal fauna.

ARCTOIDEA
Arc*toid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of the Carnivora, that includes the bears, weasels, etc.

ARCTURUS
Arc*tu"rus, n. Etym: [L. Arcturus, Gr. Arctic.] (Anat.)

Defn: A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation
Boötes.

Note: Arcturus has sometimes been incorrectly used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa Major. Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons [Rev. Ver.: "the Bear with her train"]. Job xxxviii. 32.

ARCUAL
Arc"u*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an arc. Arcual measure of an angle (Math.), that in which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to the radius of the circle.

ARCUATE; ARCUATED Arc"u*ate, Arc"u*a`ted(#), a. Etym: [L. arcuatus, p. p. of arcuare to shape like a bow, fr. arcus. See Arc.]

Defn: Bent or curved in the form of a bow. "Arcuate stalks." Gray.

ARCUATELY
Arc"u*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In the form of a bow.

ARCUATION
Arc`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. arcuatio.]

1. The act of bending or curving; incurvation; the state of being bent; crookedness. Coxe.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: A mode of propagating trees by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth; layering. Chambers.

ARCUBALIST
Ar"cu*ba*list, n. Etym: [See Arbalist.]

Defn: A crossbow. Fosbroke.

ARCUBALISTER
Ar`cu*bal"ist*er, n. Etym: [L. arcuballistarius. Cf. Arbalister.]

Defn: A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist. Camden.

ARCUBUS
Ar"cu*bus, n.

Defn: See Arquebus. [Obs.]

-ARD; -ART -ard, -art.

Defn: The termination of many English words; as, coward, reynard, drunkard, mostly from the French, in which language this ending is of German origin, being orig. the same word as English hard. It usually has the sense of one who has to a high or excessive degree the quality expressed by the root; as, braggart, sluggard.

ARDASSINE Ar*das"sine, n. Etym: [F. (cf. Sp. ardacina), fr. ardasse a kind of silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. ardan a kind of raw silk.]

Defn: A very fine sort of Persian silk.

ARDENCY
Ar"den*cy, n.

1. Heat. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

2. Warmth of passion or affection; ardor; vehemence; eagerness; as, the ardency of love or zeal.

ARDENT Ar"dent, a. Etym: [OE. ardaunt, F. ardant, p. pr. of arder to burn, fr. L. ardere.]

1. Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning; fiery; as, ardent spirits, that is, distilled liquors; an ardent fever.

2. Having the appearance or quality of fire; fierce; glowing; shining; as, ardent eyes. Dryden.

3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections; passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; as, ardent love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper. An ardent and impetuous race. Macaulay.

Syn. — Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce; vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate; affectionate.

ARDENTLY
Ar"dent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately; passionately.

ARDENTNESS
Ar"dent*ness, n.

Defn: Ardency. [R.]

ARDOIS SYSTEM
Ar`dois" sys"tem. (Naut.)

Defn: A widely used system of electric night signals in which a series of double electric lamps (white and red) is arranged vertically on a mast, and operated from a keyboard below.

ARDOR
Ar"dor, n. Etym: [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur,
F. ardeur.] [Spelt also ardour.]

1. Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays.

2. Warmth or heat of passion or affection; eagerness; zeal; as, he pursues study with ardor; the fought with ardor; martial ardor.

3. pl.

Defn: Bright and effulgent spirits; seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.]

Syn.
 — Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See Fervor.

ARDUOUS Ar"du*ous, a. Etym: [L. arduus steep, high; akin to Ir. ard high, height.]

1. Steep and lofty, in a literal sense; hard to climb. Those arduous pats they trod. Pope.

2. Attended with great labor, like the ascending of acclivities; difficult; laborious; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise.

Syn. — Difficult; trying; laborious; painful; exhausting. — Arduous, Hard, Difficult. Hard is simpler, blunter, and more general in sense than difficult; as, a hard duty to perform, hard work, a hard task, one which requires much bodily effort and perseverance to do. Difficult commonly implies more skill and sagacity than hard, as when there is disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be hard but not difficult. We call a thing arduous when it requires strenuous and persevering exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; as, an arduous task, an arduous duty. "It is often difficult to control our feelings; it is still harder to subdue our will; but it is an arduous undertaking to control the unruly and contending will of others."

ARDUOUSLY
Ar"du*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an arduous manner; with difficulty or laboriousness.

ARDUOUSNESS
Ar"du*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being arduous; difficulty of execution.

ARDUROUS
Ar"du*rous, a.

Defn: Burning; ardent. [R.]
Lo! further on, Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore. Cary.

ARE
Are. Etym: [AS. (Northumbrian) aron, akin to the 1st pers. pl. forms,
Icel. erum, Goth. sijum, L. sumus, Gr. smas; all from a root as. Am
and Is, and cf. Be.]

Defn: The present indicative plural of the substantive verb to be; but etymologically a different word from be, or was. Am, art, are, and is, all come from the root as.

ARE
Are, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. area. See Area.] (Metric system)

Defn: The unit of superficial measure, being a square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square meters, or about 119.6 square yards.

AREA A"re*a, n.; pl. Areas . Etym: [L. area a broad piece of level groAre, n.]

1. Any plane surface, as of the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an inclosure; an open space in a building. The Alban lake . . . looks like the area of some vast amphitheater. Addison.

2. The inclosed space on which a building stands.

3. The sunken space or court, giving ingress and affording light to the basement of a building.

4. An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's surface; a region; as, vast uncultivated areas.

5. (Geom.)

Defn: The superficial contents of any figure; the surface included within any given lines; superficial extent; as, the area of a square or a triangle.

6. (Biol.)

Defn: A spot or small marked space; as, the germinative area.

7. Extent; scope; range; as, a wide area of thought.
The largest area of human history and man's common nature. F.
Harrison.
Dry area. See under Dry.

AREAD; AREED
A*read", A*reed", v. t. Etym: [OE. areden, AS. ar to interpret. See
Read.]

1. To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to divine; to guess; as, to aread a riddle or a dream. [Obs.] Therefore more plain aread this doubtful case. Spenser.

2. To read. [Obs.] Drayton.

3. To counsel, advise, warn, or direct. But mark what I aread thee now. Avaunt! Milton.

4. To decree; to adjudge. [Archaic] Ld. Lytton.

AREAL
A"re*al, a. Etym: [Cf. L. arealis, fr. area.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an area; as, areal interstices (the areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of leaves).

AREAR
A*rear", v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. ar. See Rear.]

Defn: To raise; to set up; to stir up. [Obs.]

AREAR
A*rear", adv. Etym: [See Arrear, adv.]

Defn: Backward; in or to the rear; behindhand. Spenser.

ARECA
A*re"ca, n. Etym: [Canarese adiki: cf. Pg. & Sp. areca.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms, one species of which produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime.

ARECOLINE; ARECOLIN A*re"co*line, A*re"co*lin, n. [From NL. Areca, a genus of palms bearing betel nut.]

Defn: An oily liquid substance, C8H13O2N, the chief alkaloid of the betel nut, to which the latter owes its anthelmintic action.

AREEK
A*reek", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + reek.]

Defn: In a reeking condition. Swift.

AREFACTION
Ar`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. arefacere to dry.]

Defn: The act of drying, or the state of growing dry.
The arefaction of the earth. Sir M. Hale.

AREFY
Ar"e*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. arere to be dry + -fly.]

Defn: To dry, or make dry. Bacon.

ARENA A*re"na, n.; pl. E. Arenas; L. Arenæ. Etym: [L. arena, harena, sand, a sandy place.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; — so called because it was covered with sand.

2. Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; as, the arenaof debate; the arena of life.

3. (Med.)

Defn: "Sand" or "gravel" in the kidneys.

ARENACEOUS
Ar`e*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. arenaceus, fr. arena sand.]

Defn: Sandy or consisting largely of sand; of the nature of sand; easily disintegrating into sand; friable; as, arenaceous limestone.

ARENARIOUS
Ar`e*na"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. arenarius, fr. arena sand.]

Defn: Sandy; as, arenarious soil.

ARENATION
Ar`e*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. arenatio, fr. arena sand.] (Med.)

Defn: A sand bath; application of hot sand to the body. Dunglison.

ARENDATOR
Ar`en*da"tor, n. Etym: [LL. arendator, arrendator, fr. arendare,
arrendare, to pay rent, fr. arenda yearly rent; ad + renda, F. rente,
E. rent. Cf. Arrentation and Rent.]

Defn: In some provinces of Russia, one who farms the rents or revenues.

Note: A person who rents an estate belonging to the crown is called crown arendator. Tooke.

ARENG; ARENGA
A*reng", A*ren"ga, n. Etym: [Malayan.]

Defn: A palm tree (Saguerus saccharifer) which furnishes sago, wine, and fibers for ropes; the gomuti palm.

ARENICOLITE Ar`e*nic"o*lite, n. Etym: [L. arena sand + colere to cherish or live.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An ancient wormhole in sand, preserved in the rocks. Dana.

ARENILITIC
A*ren`i*lit"ic, a. Etym: [L. arena sand + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sandstone; as, arenilitic mountains.
Kirwan.

ARENOSE
Ar"e*nose, a. Etym: [L. arenosus, fr. arena sand.]

Defn: Sandy; full of sand. Johnson.

ARENULOUS
A*ren"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. arenula fine sand, dim. of arena.]

Defn: Full of fine sand; like sand. [Obs.]

AREOLA A*re"o*la, n.; pl. Areolæ. Etym: [L. areola, dim. of area: cf. F. aréole. See Area.]

1. An interstice or small space, as between the cracks of the surface in certain crustaceous lichens; or as between the fibers composing organs or vessels that interlace; or as between the nervures of an insect's wing.

2. (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: The colored ring around the nipple, or around a vesicle or pustule.

AREOLAR
A*re"o*lar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an areola; filled with interstices or areolæ. reolar tissue (Anat.), a form of fibrous connective tissue in which the fibers are loosely arranged with numerous spaces, or areolæ, between them.

AREOLATE; AREOLATED
A*re"o*late, A*re"o*la*ted, a. Etym: [L. areola: cf. F. aréole.]

Defn: Divided into small spaces or areolations, as the wings of insects, the leaves of plants, or the receptacle of compound flowers.

AREOLATION
A`re*o*la"tion, n.

1. Division into areolæ. Dana.

2. Any small space, bounded by some part different in color or structure, as the spaces bounded by the nervures of the wings of insects, or those by the veins of leaves; an areola.

AREOLE
A"re*ole, n.

Defn: Same as Areola.

AREOLET
A*re"o*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of L. areola.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small inclosed area; esp. one of the small spaces on the wings of insects, circumscribed by the veins.

AREOMETER
A`re*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. aréomètre.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the specific gravity of fluids; a form hydrometer.

AREOMETRIC; AREOMETRICAL
A`re*o*met"ric, A`re*o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or measured by, an areometer.

AREOMETRY
A`re*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art or process of measuring the specific gravity of fluids.

AREOPAGIST
Ar`e*op"a*gist, n.

Defn: See Areopagite.

AREOPAGITE
Ar`e*op"a*gite, n. Etym: [L. Areopagites, Gr.

Defn: A member of the Areopagus. Acts xvii. 34.

AREOPAGITIC
Ar`e*op`a*git"ic, a. Etym: [L. Areopagiticus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the Areopagus. Mitford.

AREOPAGUS
Ar`e*op"a*gus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: The highest judicial court at Athens. Its sessions were held on
Mars' Hill. Hence, any high court or tribunal

AREOSTYLE
A*re"o*style, a. & n.

Defn: See Intercolumniation, and Aræostyle.

AREOSYSTYLE
A*re`o*sys"tyle, a. & n.

Defn: See Intercolumniation, and Aræosystyle.

ARERE
A*rere", v. t. & i.

Defn: See Arear. [Obs.] Ellis.

AREST
A*rest", n.

Defn: A support for the spear when couched for the attack. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

ARET
A*ret", v. t. Etym: [OE. aretten, OF. areter; a (L. ad) + OF. reter,
L. reputare. See Repute.]

Defn: To reckon; to ascribe; to impute. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARETAICS
Ar`e*ta"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The ethical theory which excludes all relations between virtue and happiness; the science of virtue; — contrasted with eudemonics. J. Grote.

ARETE A`rête", n. [F., lit., a sharp fish bone, ridge, sharp edge, fr. L. arista beard of grain.] (Geog.)

Defn: An acute and rugged crest of a mountain range or a subsidiary ridge between two mountain gorges.

ARETOLOGY
Ar`e*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. arétologie.]

Defn: That part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature, and the means of attaining to it.

AREW
A*rew". adv. Etym: [See Arow, Row.]

Defn: In a row. [Obs.] "All her teeth arew." Spenser.

ARGAL
Ar"gal, n.

Defn: Crude tartar. See Argol.

ARGAL
Ar"gal, adv.

Defn: A ludicrous corruption of the Latin word ergo, therefore. Shak.

ARGAL; ARGALI
Ar"gal, Ar"ga*li, n. Etym: [Mongolian.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of wild sheep (Ovis ammon, or O. argali), remarkable for its large horns. It inhabits the mountains of Siberia and central Asia.

Note: The bearded argali is the aoudad. See Aoudad. The name is also applied to the bighorn sheep of the Rocky Mountains. See Bighorn.

ARGALA
Ar"ga*la, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The adjutant bird.

ARGAND LAMP
Ar"gand lamp`. Etym: [Named from the inventor, Aimé Argand of
Geneva.]

Defn: A lamp with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a current of air both inside and outside of the flame. Argand burner, a burner for an Argand lamp, or a gas burner in which the principle of that lamp is applied.

ARGAS
Ar"gas, n.

Defn: A genus of venomous ticks which attack men and animals. The famous Persian Argas, also called Miana bug, is A. Persicus; that of Central America, called talaje by the natives, is A. Talaje.

ARGEAN
Ar*ge"an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the ship Argo. See Argo.

ARGENT Ar"gent, n. Etym: [F. argent, fr. L. argentum, silver; akin to Gr. rajata white, silver, raj to shine, Ir. arg white, milk, airgiod silver, money, and L. arguere to make clear. See Argue.]

1. Silver, or money. [Archaic]

2. (Fig. & Poet.)

Defn: Whiteness; anything that is white.
The polished argent of her breast. Tennyson.

3. (Her.)

Defn: The white color in coats of arms, intended to represent silver, or, figuratively, purity, innocence, beauty, or gentleness; — represented in engraving by a plain white surface. Weale.

ARGENT
Ar"gent, a.

Defn: Made of silver; of a silvery color; white; shining.
Yonder argent fields above. Pope.

ARGENTAL
Ar*gen"tal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to silver; resembling, containing, or combined with, silver.

ARGENTALIUM
Ar`gen*ta"li*um, n. [NL.; L. argentum silver + E. aluminium.]

Defn: A (patented) alloy of aluminium and silver, with a density of about 2.9.

ARGENTAMINE; ARGENTAMIN
Ar*gen"ta*mine, Ar*gen"ta*min, n. [L. argentum silver + E. amine.]
(Med.)

Defn: A solution of silver phosphate in an aqueous solution of ethylene diamine, used as an antiseptic astringent and as a disinfectant.

ARGENTAN
Ar"gen*tan, n.

Defn: An alloy of nicked with copper and zinc; German silver.

ARGENTATE
Ar"gen*tate, a. Etym: [L. argentatus silvered.] (Bot.)

Defn: Silvery white. Gray.

ARGENTATION Ar`gen*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. argentare to silver, fr. argentum silver. See Argent.]

Defn: A coating or overlaying with silver. [R.] Johnson.

ARGENTIC
Ar*gen"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, silver; — said of certain compounds of silver in which this metal has its lowest proportion; as, argentic chloride.

ARGENTIFEROUS Ar`gen*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. argentum silver + -ferous: cf. F. argentifère.]

Defn: Producing or containing silver; as, argentiferous lead ore or veins.

ARGENTINE
Ar"gen*tine (; in the 2d sense, commonly ), a.

1. Pertaining to, or resembling, silver; made of, or sounding like, silver; silvery. Celestial Dian, goddess argentine. Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the Argentine Republic in South America.

ARGENTINE
Ar"gen*tine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. argentin, fr. L. argentum silver.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A siliceous variety of calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silvery-white, pearly luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure.

2. White metal coated with silver. Simmonds.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of Europe (Maurolicus Pennantii) with silvery scales.
The name is also applied to various fishes of the genus Argentina.

4. A citizen of the Argentine Republic.

ARGENTITE
Ar"gen*tite, n. Etym: [L. argentum silver.] (Min.)

Defn: Sulphide of silver; — also called vitreous silver, or silver glance. It has a metallic luster, a lead-gray color, and is sectile like lead.

ARGENTOUS
Ar*gen"tous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, silver; — said of certain silver compounds in which silver has a higher proportion than in argentic compounds; as, argentous chloride.

ARGENTRY
Ar"gent*ry, n. Etym: [F. argenterie, fr. argent silver, L. argentum.]

Defn: Silver plate or vessels. [Obs.]
Bowls of frosted argentry. Howell.

ARGIL
Ar"gil, n. Etym: [F. argile, L. argilla white clay, akin to Gr.
Argent.] (Min.)

Defn: Clay, or potter's earth; sometimes pure clay, or alumina. See
Clay.

ARGILLACEOUS
Ar`gil*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. argillaceus, fr. argilla.]

Defn: Of the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or
clay; clayey. Argillaceous sandstone (Geol.), a sandstone containing
much clay.
 — Argillaceous iron ore, the clay ironstone.
 — Argillaceous schist or state. See Argillite.

ARGILLIFEROUS
Ar`gil*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. argilla white clay + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing clay; — applied to such earths as abound with argil.
Kirwan.

ARGILLITE
Ar"gil*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: Argillaceous schist or slate; clay slate. Its colors is bluish or blackish gray, sometimes greenish gray, brownish red, etc. — Ar`gil*lit"ic, a.

ARGILLO-AREENACEOUS
Ar*gil`lo-are`e*na"ceous, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, clay and sand, as a soil.

ARGILLO-CALCAREOUS
Ar*gil`lo-cal*ca"re*ous, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, clay and calcareous earth.

ARGILLO-FERRUGINOUS
Ar*gil`lo-fer*ru"gi*nous, a.

Defn: Containing clay and iron.

ARGILLOUS
Ar*gil"lous, a. Etym: [L. argillosus, fr. argilla. See Argil.]

Defn: Argillaceous; clayey. Sir T. Browne.

ARGIVE
Ar"give, a. Etym: [L. Argivus, fr. Argos, Argi.]

Defn: Of or performance to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece.
 — n.

Defn: A native of Argos. Often used as a generic term, equivalent to
Grecian or Greek.

ARGO
Ar"go, n. Etym: [L. Argo, Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A large constellation in the southern hemisphere, called also Argo Navis. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three divisions, Carina, Puppis, and Vela.

ARGOAN
Ar*go"an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the ship Argo.

ARGOILE
Ar"goile, n.

Defn: Potter's clay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARGOL
Ar"gol, n. Etym: [Cf. Argal, Orgal. Of unknown origin.]

Defn: Crude tartar; an acidulous salt from which cream of tartar is prepared. It exists in the juice of grapes, and is deposited from wines on the sides of the casks. Ure.

ARGOLIC
Ar*gol"ic, a. Etym: [L. Argolicus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Argolis, a district in the Peloponnesus.

ARGON
Ar"gon, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance regarded as an element, contained in the atmosphere and remarkable for its chemical inertness. Rayleigh and Ramsay.

ARGONAUT
Ar"go*naut, n. Etym: [L. Argonauta, Gr. Argo.]

1. Any one of the legendary Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the Golden Fleece.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cephalopod of the genus Argonauta.

ARGONAUTA
Ar`go*nau"ta, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Cephalopoda. The shell is called paper nautilus or paper sailor.

Note: The animal has much resemblance to an Octopus. It has eight arms, two of which are expanded at the end and clasp the shell, but are never elevated in the air for sails as was formerly supposed. The creature swims beneath the surface by means of a jet of water, like other cephalopods. The male has no shell, and is much smaller than the female. See Hectocotylus.

ARGONAUTIC
Ar"go*naut"ic, a. Etym: [L. Argonauticus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Argonauts.

ARGOSY Ar"go*sy, n.; pl. Argosies. Etym: [Earlier ragusy, fr. ragusa meaning orig. a vessel of Ragusa.]

Defn: A large ship, esp. a merchant vessel of the largest size. Where your argosies with portly sail . . . Do overpeer the petty traffickers. Shak.

ARGOT
Ar`got", n. Etym: [F. Of unknown origin.]

Defn: A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps, and vagabonds; flash.

ARGUABLE
Ar"gu*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being argued; admitting of debate.

ARGUE
Ar"gue, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Argued; p. pr. & vb. n. Arguing.] Etym:
[OE. arguen, F. arguer, fr. L. argutare, freq. of arguere to make
clear; from the same root as E. argent.]

1. To invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion, or measure; to use arguments; to reason. I argue not Against Heaven's hand or will. Milton.

2. To contend in argument; to dispute; to reason; — followed by with; as, you may argue with your friend without convincing him.

ARGUE
Ar"gue, v. t.

1. To debate or discuss; to treat by reasoning; as, the counsel argued the cause before a full court; the cause was well argued.

2. To prove or evince; too manifest or exhibit by inference, deduction, or reasoning. So many laws argue so many sins. Milton.

3. To persuade by reasons; as, to argue a man into a different opinion.

4. To blame; to accuse; to charge with. [Obs.] Thoughts and expressions . . . which can be truly argued of obscenity, profaneness, or immorality. Dryden.

Syn. — to reason; evince; discuss; debate; expostulate; remonstrate; controvert. — To Argue, Dispute, Debate. These words, as here compared, suppose a contest between two parties in respect to some point at issue. To argue is to adduce arguments or reasons in support of one's cause or position. To dispute is to call in question or deny the statements or arguments of the opposing party. To debate is to strive for or against in a somewhat formal manner by arguments. Men of many words sometimes argue for the sake of talking; men of ready tongues frequently dispute for the sake of victory; men in public life often debate for the sake of opposing the ruling party, or from any other motive than the love of truth. Crabb. Unskilled to argue, in dispute yet loud, Bold without caution, without honors proud. Falconer. Betwixt the dearest friends to raise debate. Dryden.

ARGUER
Ar"gu*er, n.

Defn: One who argues; a reasoner; a disputant.

ARGUFY
Ar"gu*fy, v. t. & i. Etym: [Argue + -fy.]

1. To argue pertinaciously. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

2. To signify. [Colloq.]

ARGULUS
Ar"gu*lus, n. Etym: [NL., dim of Argus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of copepod Crustacea, parasitic of fishes; a fish louse. See Branchiura.

ARGUMENT Ar"gu*ment, n. Etym: [F. argument, L. argumentum, fr. arguere to argue.]

1. Proof; evidence. [Obs.] There is.. no more palpable and convincing argument of the existence of a Deity. Ray. Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an argument of parts for a man to commence atheist, and to cast off all belief of providence, all awe and reverence for religion South.

2. A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words; as, an argument about, concerning, or regarding a proposition, for or in favor of it, or against it.

3. A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation. The argument is about things, but names. Locke.

4. The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem. You and love are still my argument. Shak. The abstract or argument of the piece. Jeffrey. [Shields] with boastful argument portrayed. Milton.

5. Matter for question; business in hand. [Obs.] Sheathed their swords for lack of argument. Shak.

6. (Astron.)

Defn: The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends; as, the altitude is the argument of the refraction.

7. (Math.)

Defn: The independent variable upon whose value that of a function depends. Brande & C.

ARGUMENT
Ar"gu*ment, v. i. Etym: [L. argumentari.]

Defn: To make an argument; to argue. [Obs.] Gower.

ARGUMENTABLE
Ar`gu*men"ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. argumentabilis.]

Defn: Admitting of argument. [R.] Chalmers.

ARGUMENTAL
Ar`gu*men"tal, a. Etym: [L. argumentalis.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, argument; argumentative.

ARGUMENTATION
Ar`gu*men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. argumentatio, from argumentari: cf.
F. argumentation.]

1. The act of forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true. Which manner of argumentation, how false and naught it is, . . . every man that hath with perceiveth. Tyndale.

2. Debate; discussion.

Syn.
 — Reasoning; discussion; controversy. See Reasoning.

ARGUMENTATIVE
Ar`gu*men"ta*tive, a.

1. Consisting of, or characterized by, argument; containing a process of reasoning; as, an argumentative discourse.

2. Adductive as proof; indicative; as, the adaptation of things to their uses is argumentative of infinite wisdom in the Creator. [Obs.]

3. Given to argument; characterized by argument; disputatious; as, an argumentative writer. —Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ly, adv. — Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ness, n.

ARGUMENTIZE
Ar"gu*men*tize, v. i.

Defn: To argue or discuss. [Obs.] Wood.

ARGUS
Ar"gus, n. Etym: [L. Argus, Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, who has placed by Juno to guard Io. His eyes were transplanted to the peacock's tail.

2. One very vigilant; a guardian always watchful.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of East Indian pheasants. The common species (A. giganteus) is remarkable for the great length and beauty of the wing and tail feathers of the male. The species A. Grayi inhabits Borneo.

ARGUS-EYED
Ar"gus-eyed, a.

Defn: Extremely observant; watchful; sharp-sighted.

ARGUS SHELL
Ar"gus shell` . (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of shell (Cypræa argus), beautifully variegated with spots resembling those in a peacock's tail.

ARGUTATION
Ar`gu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. argutatio. See Argue.]

Defn: Caviling; subtle disputation. [Obs.]

ARGUTE
Ar*gute", a. Etym: [L. argutus, p. p. of arguere. See Argue.]

1. Sharp; shrill. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Sagacious; acute; subtle; shrewd. The active preacher . . . the argue schoolman. Milman.

ARGUTELY
Ar*gute"ly, adv.

Defn: In a subtle; shrewdly.

ARGUTENESS
Ar*gute"ness, n.

Defn: Acuteness. Dryden.

ARHIZAL; ARHIZOUS; ARHYTHMIC; ARHYTHMOUS
A*rhi"zal, A*rhi"zous, A*rhyth"*mic, A*rhyth"mous, a.

Defn: See Arrhizal, Arrhizous, Arrhythmic, Arrhythmous.

ARIA
A"ri*a, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. aër. See Air.] (Mus.)

Defn: An air or song; a melody; a tune.

Note: The Italian term is now mostly used for the more elaborate accompanied melodies sung by a single voice, in operas, oratorios, cantatas, anthems, etc., and not so much for simple airs or tunes.

ARIAN
Ar"ian, a. & n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Aryan.

ARIAN
A"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Arianus.]

Defn: Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter of the church of Alexandria, in the fourth century, or to the doctrines of Arius, who held Christ to be inferior to God the Father in nature and dignity, though the first and noblest of all created beings. — n.

Defn: One who adheres to or believes the doctrines of Arius. Mosheim.

ARIANISM
A"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the Arians.

ARIANIZE
A"ri*an*ize, v. i.

Defn: To admit or accept the tenets of the Arians; to become an
Arian.

ARIANIZE
A"ri*an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert to Arianism.

ARICINE
Ar"i*cine, n. Etym: [From Arica, in Chile.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid, first found in white cinchona bark.

ARID
Ar"id, a. Etym: [L. aridus, fr. arere to be dry: cf. F. aride.]

Defn: Exhausted of moisture; parched with heat; dry; barren. "An arid waste." Thomson.

ARIDITY
A*rid"i*ty, n.; pl. Aridities. Etym: [L. ariditas, fr. aridus.]

1. The state or quality of being arid or without moisture; dryness.

2. Fig.: Want of interest of feeling; insensibility; dryness of style or feeling; spiritual drought. Norris.

ARIDNESS
Ar"id*ness, n.

Defn: Aridity; dryness.

ARIEL; ARIEL GAZELLE
A"ri*el, n., or; A"ri*el ga*zelle". Etym: [Ar. aryil, ayyil, stag.]
(Zoöl.) A)

Defn: A variety of the gazelle (Antilope, or Gazella, dorcas), found in Arabia and adjacent countries. (b) A squirrel-like Australian marsupial, a species of Petaurus. (c) A beautiful Brazilian toucan Ramphastos ariel).

ARIES
A"ri*es, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Astron.) (a) The Ram; the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal equinox, about the 21st of March. (b) A constellation west of Taurus, drawn on the celestial globe in the figure of a ram.

2. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A battering-ram.

ARIETATE Ar"i*e*tate, v. i. Etym: [L. arietatus, p. p. of arietare, fr. aries ram.]

Defn: To butt, as a ram. [Obs.]

ARIETATION
Ar`i*e*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. arietatio.]

1. The act of butting like a ram; act of using a battering-ram. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Act of striking or conflicting. [R.] Glanvill.

ARIETTA; ARIETTE A`ri*et"ta, Ar`i*ette", n. Etym: [It. arietta, dim. of aria; F. ariette.] (Mus.)

Defn: A short aria, or air. "A military ariette." Sir W. Scott.

ARIGHT
A*right", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + right.]

Defn: Rightly; correctly; in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; as, to worship God aright.

ARIL; ARILLUS Ar"il, A*ril"lus, n. Etym: [From LL. arilli dry grapes, perh. fr. L. aridus dry: cf. F,. arille.] (Bot.)

Defn: A exterior covering, forming a false coat or appendage to a seed, as the loose, transparent bag inclosing the seed or the white water lily. The mace of the nutmeg is also an aril. Gray.

ARILLATE; ARILLATED; ARILED Ar"il*late. Ar"il*la`ted, Ar"iled, a. Etym: [Cf. NL. arillatus, F. arillé.]

Defn: Having an aril.

ARILLODE
Ar"il*lode, n. [Arillus + Gr. form.] (Bot.)

Defn: A false aril; an aril originating from the micropyle instead of from the funicle or chalaza of the ovule. The mace of the nutmeg is an arillode.

ARIMAN
A"ri*man, n.

Defn: See Ahriman.

ARIOLATION Ar`i*o*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. ariolatio, hariolatio, fr. hariolari to prophesy, fr. hariolus soothsayer.]

Defn: A soothsaying; a foretelling. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ARIOSE
Ar"i*ose, a. Etym: [It. arioso, fr. aria.]

Defn: Characterized by melody, as distinguished from harmony. Mendelssohn wants the ariose beauty of Handel; vocal melody is not his forte; the interest of his airs harmonic. Foreign Quart. Rev.

ARIOSO
A`ri*o"so, adv. & a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: In the smooth and melodious style of an air; ariose.

ARISE
A*rise", v. i. [imp. Arose; p. pr. & vb. n. Arising; p. p. Arisen.].
Etym: [AS. arisan; a (equiv. to Goth. us-, ur-, G. er-, orig. meaning
out) + risan to rise; cf. Goth. urreisan to arise. See Rise.]

1. To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling posture; a cloud arose; the sun ariseth; he arose early in the morning.

2. To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself; as, the waves of the sea arose; a persecution arose; the wrath of the king shall arise. There arose up a new king . . . which knew not Joseph. Ex. i. 8. The doubts that in his heart arose. Milton.

3. To proceed; to issue; to spring. Whence haply mention may arise Of something not unseasonable to ask. Milton.

ARISE
A*rise", n.

Defn: Rising. [Obs.] Drayton.

ARIST
A*rist", 3d sing. pres.

Defn: of Arise, for ariseth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARISTA
A*ris"ta, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: An awn. Gray.

ARISTARCH Ar"is*tarch, n. Etym: [From Aristarchus, a Greek grammarian and critic, of Alexandria, about 200 b. c.]

Defn: A severe critic. Knowles.

ARISTARCHIAN
Ar`is*tar"chi*an, a.

Defn: Severely critical.

ARISTARCHY
Ar"is*tar`chy, n.

Defn: Severely criticism.

ARISTARCHY
Ar"is*tar`chy, n.

Defn: Severe criticism. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

ARISTATE
A*ris"tate, a. Etym: [L. aristatus, fr. arista. See Arista.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat; awned. Gray.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a slender, sharp, or spinelike tip.

ARISTOCRACY Ar`is*toc"ra*cy, n.; pl. Aristocracies. Etym: [Gr. arm, and orig. meant fitting: cf. F. aristocratie. See Arm, and Create, which is related to Gr.

1. Government by the best citizens.

2. A ruling body composed of the best citizens. [Obs.] In the Senate Right not our quest in this, I will protest them To all the world, no aristocracy. B. Jonson.

3. A form a government, in which the supreme power is vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged order; an oligarchy. The aristocracy of Venice hath admitted so many abuses, trough the degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of its duration seems approach. Swift.

4. The nobles or chief persons in a state; a privileged class or patrician order; (in a popular use) those who are regarded as superior to the rest of the community, as in rank, fortune, or intellect.

ARISTOCRAT
A*ris"to*crat, n. Etym: [F. aristocrate. See Aristocracy.]

1. One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble.

2. One who is overbearing in his temper or habits; a proud or haughty person. A born aristocrat, bred radical. Mrs. Browning.

3. One who favors an aristocracy as a form of government, or believes the aristocracy should govern. His whole family are accused of being aristocrats. Romilly.

ARISTOCRATIC; ARISTOCRATICAL
Ar`is*to*crat"ic, Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. aristocratique.]

1. Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting in, or favoring, a government of nobles, or principal men; as, an aristocratic constitution.

2. Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy; characteristic of, or originating with, the aristocracy; as, an aristocratic measure; aristocratic pride or manners. — Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. — Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ness, n.

ARISTOCRATISM
Ar"is*to*crat`ism, n.

1. The principles of aristocrats. Romilly.

2. Aristocrats, collectively. [R.]

ARISTOLOGY
Ar`is*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of dining. Quart. Rev.

ARISTOPHANIC
Ar`is*to*phan"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aristophanes, the Athenian comic poet.

ARISTOTELIAN
Ar`is*to*te"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher (384-322 b. c.). — n.

Defn: A follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See Peripatetic.

ARISTOTELIANISM
Ar`is*to*te"li*an*ism.

Defn: The philosophy of Aristotle, otherwise called the Peripatetic philosophy.

ARISTOTELIC
Ar`is*to*tel"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy. "Aristotelic usage." Sir W. Hamilton.

ARISTOTLE'S LANTERN
Ar"is*to`tle's lan"tern. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The five united jaws and accessory ossicles of certain sea urchins.

ARISTOTYPE
A*ris"to*type`, n. [Gr. best + -type.] (Photog.)

Defn: Orig., a printing-out process using paper coated with silver chloride in gelatin; now, any such process using silver salts in either collodion or gelatin; also, a print so made.

ARISTULATE
A*ris"tu*late, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. arista.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining a short beard or awn. Gray.

ARITHMANCY
Ar"ith*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of numbers.

ARITHMETIC A*rith"me*tic, n. Etym: [OE. arsmetike, OF. arismetique, L. arithmetica, fr. Gr. arm, the idea of counting coming from that of fitting, attaching. See Arm. The modern Eng. and French forms are accommodated to the Greek.]

1. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.

2. A book containing the principles of this science. Arithmetic of sines, trigonometry. — Political arithmetic, the application of the science of numbers to problems in civil government, political economy, and social science. — Universal arithmetic, the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to algebra.

ARITHMETICAL
Ar`ith*met"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or
method of arithmetic. Arithmetical complement of a logarithm. See
Logarithm.
 — Arithmetical mean. See Mean.
 — Arithmetical progression. See Progression.
 — Arithmetical proportion. See Proportion.

ARITHMETICALLY
Ar`ith*met"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Conformably to the principles or methods of arithmetic.

ARITHMETICIAN
A*rith`me*ti"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arithméticien.]

Defn: One skilled in arithmetic.

ARITHMOMANCY
A*rith"mo*man"cy, n.

Defn: Arithmancy.

ARITHMOMETER
Ar`ith*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. arithmomètre.]

Defn: A calculating machine.

ARK Ark, n. Etym: [OE. ark, arke, arche, AS. arc, earc, earce, fr. L. arca, fr. arcere to inclose, keep off; akin to Gr.

1. A chest, or coffer. [Obs.] Bearing that precious relic in an ark. Spenser.

2. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: The oblong chest of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone containing the ten commandments. Called also the Ark of the Covenant.

3. The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and his family were preserved during the Deluge. Gen. vi. Hence: Any place of refuge.

4. A large flatboat used on Western American rivers to transport produce to market.

ARKITE
Ark"ite, a.

Defn: Belonging to the ark. [R.] Faber.

ARKOSE
Ar*kose", n. [F] (Petrog)

Defn: A sandstone derived from the disintegration of granite or gneiss, and characterized by feldspar fragments. — Ar*kos"ic (#), a.

ARK SHELL
Ark" shell`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine bivalve shell belonging to the genus Arca and its allies.

ARLES
Arles, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. F. arrhes, Scot. airles. Cf. Earles penny.]

Defn: An earnest; earnest money; money paid to bind a bargain.
[Scot.] Arles penny, earnest money given to servants. Kersey.

ARM Arm, n. Etym: [AS. arm, earm; akin to OHG. aram, G., D., Dan., & Sw. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms, L. armus arm, shoulder, and prob. to Gr. rame. Art, Article.]

1. The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey.

2. Anything resembling an arm; as, (a) The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear. (b) A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal. (c) A branch of a tree. (d) A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or fulcrum; as, the arm of a steelyard. (e) (Naut) The end of a yard; also, the part of an anchor which ends in the fluke. (f) An inlet of water from the sea. (g) A support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa, etc.

3. Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; as, the secular arm; the
arm of the law.
To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed Isa. lii. 1.
Arm's end, the end of the arm; a good distance off. Dryden.
 — Arm's length, the length of the arm.
 — Arm's reach, reach of the arm; the distance the arm can reach.
 — To go (or walk) arm in arm, to go with the arm or hand of one
linked in the arm of another. "When arm in armwe went along."
Tennyson.
 — To keep at arm's length, to keep at a distance (literally or
figuratively); not to allow to come into close contact or familiar
intercourse.
 — To work at arm's length, to work disadvantageously.

ARM Arm, n. Etym: [See Arms.] (Mil.) (a) A branch of the military service; as, the cavalry arm was made efficient. (b) A weapon of offense or defense; an instrument of warfare; — commonly in the pl.

ARM Arm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Armed; p. pr. & vb. n. Arming.] Etym: [OE. armen, F. armer, fr. L. armare, fr. arma, pl., arms. See arms.]

1. To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms. [Obs.]
And make him with our pikes and partisans A grave: come, arm him.
Shak.
Arm your prize; I know you will not lose him. Two N. Kins.

2. To furnish with arms or limbs. [R.] His shoulders broad and strong, Armed long and round. Beau. & Fl.

3. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; as, to arm soldiers; to arm the country. Abram . . . armed his trained servants. Gen. xiv. 14.

4. To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency; as, to arm the hit of a sword; to arm a hook in angling.

5. Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense. Arm yourselves . . . with the same mind. 1 Pet. iv. 1. To arm a magnet, to fit it with an armature.

ARM
Arm, v. i.

Defn: To provide one's self with arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take arms. " 'Tis time to arm." Shak.

ARMADA Ar*ma"da, n. Etym: [Sp. armada, L. as if armata (sc. classic fleet), fr. armatus, p. p. of armare. See Arm, v. t. Army.]

Defn: A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England, a. d. 1558.

ARMADILLO Ar`ma*dil"lo, n.; pl. Armadillos. Etym: [Sp. armadillo, dim. of armado armed, p. p. of armar to arm. Do called from being armed with a bony shell.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any edentate animal if the family Dasypidæ, peculiar to America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) is found as far north as Texas. See Peba, Poyou, Tatouay. (b) A genus of small isopod Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball.

ARMADO
Ar*ma"do, n.

Defn: Armada. [Obs.]

ARMAMENT Ar"ma*ment, n. Etym: [L. armamenta, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship, fr. armare to arm: cf. LL. armamentum, F. armement.]

1. A body of forces equipped for war; — used of a land or naval force. "The whole united armament of Greece." Glover.

2. (Mil. & Nav.)

Defn: All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification.

3. Any equipment for resistance.

ARMAMENTARY Ar`ma*men"ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. armamentarium, fr. armamentum: cf. F. armamentaire.]

Defn: An armory; a magazine or arsenal. [R.]

ARMATURE Ar"ma*ture, n. Etym: [L. armatura, fr. armare to arm: cf. F. armature. See Arm, v. t., Armor.]

1. Armor; whatever is worn or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the protective outfit of some animals and plants.

2. (Magnetism)

Defn: A piece of soft iron used to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the dissipation of the magnetic force.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: Iron bars or framing employed for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender columns, holding up canopies, etc. Oxf. Gloss.

ARMCHAIR
Arm"chair`, n.

Defn: A chair with arms to support the elbows or forearms. Tennyson.

ARMED
Armed, a.

1. Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with the means of security or protection. "And armed host." Dryden.

2. Furnished with whatever serves to add strength, force, or efficiency. A distemper eminently armed from heaven. De Foe.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Having horns, beak, talons, etc; — said of beasts and birds of
prey. Armed at all points (Blazoning), completely incased in armor,
sometimes described as armed cap-à-pie. Cussans.
 — Armed en flute. (Naut.) See under Flute.
 — Armed magnet, a magnet provided with an armature.
 — Armed neutrality. See under Neutrality.

ARMENIAN
Ar*me"ni*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Arménien, L. Armenias, fr. Armenia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Armenia. Armenian bole, a soft clayey earth
of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc.
 — Armenian stone. (a) The commercial name of lapis lazuli. (b)
Emery.

ARMENIAN
Ar*me"ni*an, n.

1. A native or one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the Armenians.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: An adherent of the Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman Catholic.

ARMET Arm"et, n. Etym: [F., dim. of arme arm, or corrupted for healmet helmet.]

Defn: A kind of helmet worn in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.

ARMFUL
Arm"ful, n.; pl. Armfulus.

Defn: As much as the arm can hold.

ARMGAUNT
Arm"gaunt`, a.

Defn: With gaunt or slender legs. "An armgaunt steed." Shak.

Note: This word is peculiar to Shakespeare. Its meaning has not yet been satisfactorily explained.

ARM-GRET
Arm"-gret`, a.

Defn: Great as a man's arm. [Obs.]
A wreath of gold, arm-gret. Chaucer.

ARMHOLE
Arm"hole`, n. Etym: [Arm + hole.]

1. The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit. Bacon.

2. A hole for the arm in a garment.

ARMIFEROUS
Ar*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. armifer; arma arms + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Bearing arms or weapons. [R.]

ARMIGER Ar"mi*ger, n. Etym: [L. armiger armor bearer; arma arms + gerere to bear.]

Defn: Formerly, an armor bearer, as of a knight, an esquire who bore his shield and rendered other services. In later use, one next in degree to a knight, and entitled to armorial bearings. The term is now superseded by esquire. Jacob.

ARMIGEROUS
Ar*mig"er*ous, a.

Defn: Bearing arms. [R.] They belonged to the armigerous part of the population, and were entitled to write themselves Esquire. De Quincey.

ARMIL Ar"mil, n. Etym: [L. armilla a bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. OF. armille.]

1. A bracelet. [Obs.]

2. An ancient astronomical instrument.

Note: When composed of one ring placed in the plane of the equator for determining the time of the equinoxes, it is called an equinoctial armil; when of two or more rings, one in the plane of the meridian, for observing the solstices, it is called a solstitial armil. Whewell.

ARMILLA
Ar*mil"la, n.; pl. E. Armillas, L. Armillæ. Etym: [L., a bracelet.]

1. An armil.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ring of hair or feathers on the legs.

ARMILLARY Ar"mil*la*ry, a. Etym: [LL. armillarius, fr. L. armilla arm ring, bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. F. armillaire. See Arm, n.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of rings or circles. Armillary sphere, an ancient astronomical machine composed of an assemblage of rings, all circles of the same sphere, designed to represent the positions of the important circles of the celestial sphere. Nichol.

ARMING
Arm"ing, n.

1. The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms. The arming was now universal. Macaulay.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of tallow placed in a cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand, shells, etc., of the sea bottom. Totten.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Red dress cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works on holidays. Arming press (Bookbinding), a press for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books.

ARMINIAN
Ar*min"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their doctrines. See note under Arminian, n.

ARMINIAN
Ar*min"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b. 1560, d. 1609).

Note: The Arminian doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2. Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit, which is the gift of God. 4. That man may resist divine grace. 5. That man may relapse from a state of grace.

ARMINIANISM
Ar*min"i*an*ism, n.

Defn: The religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.

ARMIPOTENCE
Ar*mip"o*tence, n. Etym: [L. armipotentia, fr. armipotents.]

Defn: Power in arms. [R.] Johnson.

ARMIPOTENT Ar*mip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. armipotents; arma arms + potens powerful, p. pr. of posse to be able.]

Defn: Powerful in arms; mighty in battle.
The temple stood of Mars armipotent. Dryden.

ARMISONANT; ARMISONOUS Ar*mis"o*nant, Ar*mis"o*nous, a. Etym: [L. armisonus; arma arms + sonare (p. pr. sonans) to sound.]

Defn: Rustling in arms; resounding with arms. [Obs.]

ARMISTICE Ar"mis*tice, n. Etym: [F. armistice, fr. (an assumed word) L. armistitium; arma arms + stare, statum (combining form, -stitum), to stand still.]

Defn: A cessation of arms for a short time, by convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce.

ARMLESS
Arm"less, a.

1. Without any arm or branch.

2. Destitute of arms or weapons.

ARMLET
Arm"let, n. Etym: [Arm + -let.]

1. A small arm; as, an armlet of the sea. Johnson.

2. An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm.

3. Armor for the arm.

ARMONIAC
Ar*mo"ni*ac, a.

Defn: Ammoniac. [Obs.]

ARMOR Ar"mor, n. Etym: [OE. armure, fr. F. armure, OF. armeure, fr. L. armatura. See Armature.] [Spelt also armour.]

1. Defensive arms for the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person in battle.

Note: In English statues, armor is used for the whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive arms. The statues of armor directed what arms every man should provide.

2. Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery. Coat armor, the escutcheon of a person or family, with its several charges and other furniture, as mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc. — Submarine, a water-tight dress or covering for a diver. See under Submarine.

ARMOR-BEARER
Ar"mor-bear`er, n.

Defn: One who carries the armor or arms of another; an armiger. Judg. ix. 54.

ARMORED
Ar"mored, a.

Defn: Clad with armor.

ARMORED CRUISER
Ar"mored cruis"er. (Nav.)

Defn: A man-of-war carrying a large coal supply, and more or less protected from the enemy's shot by iron or steel armor. There is no distinct and accepted classification distinguishing armored and protected cruisers from each other, except that the first have more or heavier armor than the second.

ARMORER Ar"mor*er, n. Etym: [OE. armurer, armerer, fr. F. armurter, fr. armure armor.]

1. One who makes or repairs armor or arms.

2. Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor of a knight, and who dressed him in armor. Shak.

3. One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans or repairs them, etc.

ARMORIAL Ar*mo"ri*al, a. Etym: [F. armorial, fr. armoiries arms, coats of arms, for armoieries, fr. OF. armoier to paint arms, coats of arms, fr. armes, fr. L. arma. See Arms, Armory.]

Defn: Belonging to armor, or to the heraldic arms or escutcheon of a
family.
Figures with armorial signs of race and birth. Wordsworth.
Armorial bearings. See Arms, 4.

ARMORIC; ARMORICAN Ar*mor"ic, Ar*mor"i*can, a. Etym: [L. Armoricus, fr. Celtic ar on, at + mor sea.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the northwestern part of France (formerly called Armorica, now Bretagne or Brittany), or to its people. — n.

Defn: The language of the Armoricans, a Celtic dialect which has remained to the present times.

ARMORICAN
Ar*mor"i*can, n.

Defn: A native of Armorica.

ARMORIST
Ar"mor*ist, n. Etym: [F. armoriste.]

Defn: One skilled in coat armor or heraldry. Cussans.

ARMOR-PLATED
Ar"mor-plat`ed, a.

Defn: Covered with defensive plates of metal, as a ship of war;
steel-clad.
This day will be launched . . . the first armor-plated steam frigate
in the possession of Great Britain. Times (Dec. 29, 1860).

ARMORY Ar"mo*ry, n.; pl. Armories. Etym: [OF. armaire, armarie, F. armoire, fr. L. armarium place for keeping arms; but confused with F. armoiries. See Armorial, Ambry.]

1. A place where arms and instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping.

2. Armor: defensive and offensive arms. Celestial armory, shields, helms, and spears. Milton.

3. A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets, pistols, bayonets, swords. [U.S.]

4. Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings. Spensplw.

5. That branch of hplwaldry which treats of coat armor. The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking, armory, which is but one branch of heraldry, is, without doubt, of very ancient origin. Cussans.

ARMOZEEN; ARMOZINE
Ar`mo*zeen", Ar`mo*zine", n. Etym: [armosin, armoisin.]

Defn: A thick plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical.
Simmonds.

ARMPIT
Arm"pit`, n. Etym: [Arm + pit.]

Defn: The hollow beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla.

ARMRACK
Arm"rack`, n.

Defn: A frame, generally vertical, for holding small arms.

ARMS Arms, n. pl. Etym: [OE. armes, F. arme, pl. armes, fr. L. arma, pl., arms, orig. fittings, akin to armus shoulder, and E. arm. See Arm, n.]

1. Instruments or weapons of offense or defense. He lays down his arms, but not his wiles. Milton. Three horses and three goodly suits of arms. Tennyson.

2. The deeds or exploits of war; military service or science. "Arms and the man I sing." Dryden.

3. (Law)

Defn: Anything which a man takes in his hand in anger, to strike or assault another with; an aggressive weapon. Cowell. Blackstone.

4. (Her.)

Defn: The ensigns armorial of a family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields, banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and descending from father to son.

5. (Falconry)

Defn: The legs of a hawk from the thigh to the foot. Halliwell. Bred to arms, educated to the profession of a soldier. — In arms, armed for war; in a state of hostility. — Small arms, portable firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc. — A stand of arms, a complete set for one soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt; frequently, the musket and bayonet alone. — To arms! a summons to war or battle. — Under arms, armed and equipped and in readiness for battle, or for a military parade. Arm's end, Arm's length, Arm's reach. See under Arm.

ARMURE
Ar"mure, n. Etym: [F. See Armor.]

1. Armor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the surface.

ARMY Ar"my, n. Etym: [F. armée, fr. L. armata, fem. of armatus, p. p. of armare to arm. Cf. Armada.]

1. A collection or body of men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers.

2. A body of persons organized for the advancement of a cause; as, the Blue Ribbon Army.

3. A great number; a vast multitude; a host. An army of good words. Shak. Standing army, a permanent army of professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or volunteers.

ARMY ORGANIZATION
Army organization.

Defn: The system by which a country raises, classifies, arranges, and equips its armed land forces. The usual divisions are: (1) A regular or active army, in which soldiers serve continuously with the colors and live in barracks or cantonments when not in the field; (2) the reserves of this army, in which the soldiers, while remaining constantly subject to a call to the colors, live at their homes, being summoned more or less frequently to report for instruction, drill, or maneuvers; and (3) one or more classes of soldiers organized largely for territorial defense, living at home and having only occasional periods of drill and instraction, who are variously called home reserves (as in the table below), second, third, etc., line of defense (the regular army and its reserves ordinarily constituting the first line of defense), territorial forces, or the like. In countries where conscription prevails a soldier is supposed to serve a given number of years. He is usually enrolled first in the regular army, then passes to its reserve, then into the home reserves, to serve until he reaches the age limit. It for any reason he is not enrolled in the regular army, he may begin his service in the army reserves or even the home reserves, but then serves the full number of years or up to the age limit. In equipment the organization of the army is into the three great arms of infantry, cavalry, and artillery, together with more or less numerous other branches, such as engineers, medical corps, etc., besides the staff organizations such as those of the pay and subsistence departments.

ARMY WORM Ar"my worm`. (Zoöl.) (a) A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval state often travels in great multitudes from field to field, destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of the northern United States is Leucania unipuncta. The name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton worm. (b) The larva of a small two-winged fly (Sciara), which marches in large companies, in regular order. See Cotton worm, under Cotton.

ARNA; ARNEE
Ar"na, Ar"nee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild buffalo of India (Bos, or Bubalus, arni), larger than the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns.

ARNATTO
Ar*nat"to, n.

Defn: See Annotto.

ARNAUT; ARNAOUT
Ar*naut" Ar*naout", n. [Turk. Arnaut, fr. NGr. , for .]

Defn: An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, specif. one serving as a soldier in the Turkish army.

ARNICA
Ar"ni*ca, n. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of ptarmica.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants; also, the most important species (Arnica montana), native of the mountains of Europe, used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant.

Note: The tincture of arnica is applied externally as a remedy for bruises, sprains, etc.

ARNICIN
Ar"ni*cin, n. Etym: [See Arnica.] (Chem.)

Defn: An active principle of Arnica montana. It is a bitter resin.

ARNICINE
Ar"ni*cine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the arnica plant.

ARNOT; ARNUT
Ar"not, Ar"nut, n. Etym: [Cf. D. aardnoot, E. earthut.]

Defn: The earthnut. [Obs.]

ARNOTTO
Ar*not"to, n.

Defn: Same as Annotto.

AROID; AROIDEOUS
A"roid, A*roid"e*ous, a. Etym: [Arum + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the Arum family of plants.

AROINT A*roint", interj. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. rynt, rynt thee, roynt, or runt, terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has been milked, in order to drive her away, to make room for others; AS. r to make room or way, fr. r room. The final t is perh. for ta, for thou. Cf. Room space.]

Defn: Stand off, or begone. [Obs.]
Aroint thee, witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries. Shak.

AROINT
A*roint", v. t.

Defn: To drive or scare off by some exclamation. [R.] "Whiskered cats arointed flee." Mrs. Browning.

AROLLA
A*rol"la (a*rol"la), n. [F. arolle.] (Bot.)

Defn: The stone pine (Pinus Cembra).

AROMA
A*ro"ma, n. Etym: [L. aroma, Gr. aromaz, aromat, spice, F. aromate.]

1. The quality or principle of plants or other substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor; as, the aroma of coffee.

2. Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual power; flavor; as, the subtile aroma of genius.

AROMATIC; AROMATICAL
Ar`o*mat"ic, Ar`o*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. aromaticus, Gr. aromatique.
See Aroma.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strong- scented; odoriferous; as, aromatic balsam. Aromatic compound (Chem.), one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the benzene group, C6H6. The term is extended also to many of their derivatives. — Aromatic vinegar. See under Vinegar.

AROMATIC
Ar`o*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A plant, drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.

AROMATIZATION
Ar`o*mat`i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aromatisation.]

Defn: The act of impregnating or secting with aroma.

AROMATIZE
A*ro"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aromatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aromatizing.] Etym: [L. aromatizare, Gr. aromatiser.]

Defn: To impregnate with aroma; to render aromatic; to give a spicy scent or taste to; to perfume. Bacon.

AROMATIZER
A*ro"ma*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic. Evelyn.

AROMATOUS
A*ro"ma*tous, a.

Defn: Aromatic. [Obs.] Caxton.

AROPH
Ar"oph, n. Etym: [A contraction of aroma philosophorum.]

Defn: A barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various medical remedies. [Obs.]

AROSE
A*rose".

Defn: The past or preterit tense of Arise.

AROUND
A*round", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + round.]

1. In a circle; circularly; on every side; round.

2. In a circuit; here and there within the surrounding space; all about; as, to travel around from town to town.

3. Near; in the neighborhood; as, this man was standing around when the fight took place. [Colloq. U. S.]

Note: See Round, the shorter form, adv. & prep., which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly used.

AROUND
A*round", prep.

1. On all sides of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of; about. A lambent flame arose, which gently spread Around his brows. Dryden.

2. From one part to another of; at random through; about; on another side of; as, to travel around the country; a house standing around the corner. [Colloq. U. S.]

AROUSAL
A*rous"al, n.

Defn: The act of arousing, or the state of being aroused. Whatever has associated itself with the arousal and activity of our better nature. Hare.

AROUSE
A*rouse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aroused; p. pr. & vb. n. Arousing.]
Etym: [Pref. a- + rouse.]

Defn: To excite to action from a state of rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite; as, to arouse one from sleep; to arouse the dormant faculties. Grasping his spear, forth issued to arouse His brother, mighty sovereign on the host. Cowper. No suspicion was aroused. Merivale.

AROW
A*row", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + row.]

Defn: In a row, line, or rank; successively; in order. Shak.
And twenty, rank in rank, they rode arow. Dryden.

AROYNT
A*roynt", interj.

Defn: See Aroint.

ARPEGGIO Ar*peg"gio, n. Etym: [It., fr. arpeggiare to play on the harp, fr. arpa harp.] (Mus.)

Defn: The production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as in playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus played.

ARPENT; ARPEN
Ar"pent, Ar"pen, n. Etym: [F. arpent, fr. L. arepennis, arapennis.
According to Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a
Roman jugerum.]

Defn: Formerly, a measure of land in France, varying in different parts of the country. The arpent of Paris was 4,088 sq. yards, or nearly five sixths of an English acre. The woodland arpent was about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English.

ARPENTATOR
Ar`pen*ta"tor, n. Etym: [See Arpent.]

Defn: The Anglicized form of the French arpenteur, a land surveyor.
[R.]

ARPINE
Ar"pine, n.

Defn: An arpent. [Obs.] Webster (1623).

ARQUATED
Ar"qua*ted, a.

Defn: Shaped like a bow; arcuate; curved. [R.]

ARQUEBUS; ARQUEBUSE
Ar"que*bus, Ar"que*buse, n. Etym: [F. arquebuse, OF. harquebuse, fr.
D. haak-bus; cf. G. hakenbüchse a gun with a hook. See Hagbut.]

Defn: A sort of hand gun or firearm a contrivance answering to a trigger, by which the burning match was applied. The musket was a later invention. [Written also harquebus.]

ARQUEBUSADE Ar`que*bus*ade", n. Etym: [F. arquebusade shot of an arquebus; eau d'arquebusade a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.]

1. The shot of an arquebus. Ash.

2. A distilled water from a variety of aromatic plants, as rosemary, millefoil, etc.; — originally used as a vulnerary in gunshot wounds. Parr.

ARQUEBUSIER
Ar`que*bus*ier, n. Etym: [F. arquebusier.]

Defn: A soldier armed with an arquebus. Soldiers armed with guns, of whatsoever sort or denomination, appear to have been called arquebusiers. E. Lodge.

ARQUIFOUX
Ar"qui*foux, n.

Defn: Same as Alquifou.

ARRACH
Ar"rach, n.

Defn: See Orach.

ARRACK Ar"rack, n. Etym: [Ar. araq sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr. araqa to sweat. Cf. Rack arrack.]

Defn: A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all ardent spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented mixture of rice, molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or the date palm, etc.

ARRAGONITE
Ar*rag"o*nite, n.

Defn: See Aragonite.

ARRAIGN Ar*raign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arraigned; p. pr. & vb. n. Arraigning.] Etym: [OE. arainen, arenen, OF. aragnier, aranier, araisnier, F. arraisonner, fr. LL. arrationare to address to call before court; L. ad + ratio reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment. See Reason.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To call or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the matter charged in an indictment or complaint. Blackstone.

2. To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of reason, taste, or any other tribunal. They will not arraign you for want of knowledge. Dryden. It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body should now be arraigned by the world. I. Taylor.

Syn.
 — To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate; indict; denounce.
See Accuse.

ARRAIGN
Ar*raign", n.

Defn: Arraignment; as, the clerk of the arraigns. Blackstone.
Macaulay.

ARRAIGN
Ar*raign", v. t. Etym: [From OF. aramier, fr. LL. adhramire.] (Old
Eng. Law)

Defn: To appeal to; to demand; as, to arraign an assize of novel disseizin.

ARRAIGNER
Ar*raign"er, n.

Defn: One who arraigns. Coleridge.

ARRAIGNMENT
Ar*raign"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. arraynement, aresnement.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act of arraigning, or the state of being arraigned; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before a court to answer to an indictment or complaint.

2. A calling to an account to faults; accusation. In the sixth satire, which seems only an Arraignment of the whole sex, there is a latent admonition. Dryden.

ARRAIMENT; ARRAYMENT
Ar*rai"ment, Ar*ray"ment, n. Etym: [From Array, v. t.]

Defn: Clothes; raiment. [Obs.]

ARRANGE
Ar*range", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arranged; p. pr. & vb. n. Arranging.]
Etym: [OE. arayngen, OF. arengier, F. arranger, fr. a (L. ad) + OF.
rengier, rangier, F. ranger. See Range, v. t.]

1. To put in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose; as, troops arranged for battle. So [they] came to the market place, and there he arranged his men in the streets. Berners. [They] were beginning to arrange their hampers. Boswell. A mechanism previously arranged. Paley.

2. To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine; as, to arrange the preliminaries of an undertaking.

Syn.
 — Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify.

ARRANGEMENT
Ar*range"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arrangement.]

1. The act of arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form.

2. The manner or result of arranging; system of parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic classification; as, arrangement of one's dress; the Linnæan arrangement of plants.

3. Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation; as, we have made arrangement for receiving company.

4. Settlement; adjustment by agreement; as, the parties have made an arrangement between themselves concerning their disputes; a satisfactory arrangement.

5. (Mus.) (a) The adaptation of a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not originally written. (b) A piece so adapted; a transcription; as, a pianoforte arrangement of Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral arrangement of a song, an opera, or the like.

ARRANGER
Ar*ran"ger, n.

Defn: One who arranges. Burke.

ARRANT Ar"rant, a. Etym: [OE. erraunt, errant, errand, equiv. to E. errant wandering, which was first applied to vagabonds, as an errant rogue, an errant thief, and hence passed gradually into its present and worse sense. See Errant.]

Defn: Notoriously or preëminently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense; shameless; unmitigated; as, an arrant rogue or coward. I discover an arrant laziness in my soul. Fuller.

2. Thorough or downright, in a good sense. [Obs.] An arrant honest woman. Burton.

ARRANTLY
Ar"rant*ly, adv.

Defn: Notoriously, in an ill sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully. L'Estrange.

ARRAS
Ar"ras, n. Etym: [From Arras the capital of Artois, in the French
Netherlands.]

Defn: Tapestry; a rich figured fabric; especially, a screen or
hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven figures.
Stateliest couches, with rich arras spread. Cowper.
Behind the arras I'll convey myself. Shak.

ARRAS
Ar"ras, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with an arras. Chapman.

ARRASENE
Ar`ras*ene", n. Etym: [From Arras.]

Defn: A material of wool or silk used for working the figures in embroidery.

ARRASTRE
Ar*ras"tre, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp. those containing free gold.

ARRASWISE; ARRASWAYS Ar"ras*wise`, Ar"ras*ways`, adv. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of arriswise. See Arris.]

Defn: Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two sides, the corner being in front; — said of a rectangular form. Encyc. Brit. Cussans.

ARRAUGHT
Ar*raught". Etym: [The past tense of an old v. areach or arreach. Cf.
Reach, obs. pret. raught.]

Defn: Obtained; seized. Spenser.

ARRAY Ar*ray", n. Etym: [OE. arai, arrai, OF. arrai, arrei, arroi, order, arrangement, dress, F. arroi; a (L. ad) + OF. rai, rei, roi, order, arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. raidjan, garaidjan, to arrange, MHG. gereiten, Icel. reithi rigging, harness; akin to E. ready. Cf. Ready, Greith, Curry.]

1. Order; a regular and imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order of battle; as, drawn up in battle array. Wedged together in the closest array. Gibbon.

2. The whole body of persons thus placed in order; an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers. A gallant array of nobles and cavaliers. Prescott.

3. An imposing series of things. Their long array of sapphire and of gold. Byron.

4. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the person; rich or beautiful apparel. Dryden.

5. (Law) (a) A ranking or setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as impaneled in a cause. (b) The panel itself. (c) The whole body of jurors summoned to attend the court. To challenge the array (Law), to except to the whole panel. Cowell. Tomlins. Blount. — Commission of array (Eng. Hist.), a commission given by the prince to officers in every county, to muster and array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for war. Blackstone.

ARRAY
Ar*ray", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Arraying.]
Etym: [OE. araien, arraien, fr. OE. arraier, arreier, arreer,
arroier, fr. arrai. See Array, n.]

1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle; to marshal.
By torch and trumpet fast arrayed, Each horseman drew his battle
blade. Campbell.
These doubts will be arrayed before their minds. Farrar.

2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth to envelop; — applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind. Pharaoh . . . arrayed him in vestures of fine linen. Gen. xli. In gelid caves with horrid gloom arrayed. Trumbull.

3. (Law)

Defn: To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man. Blackstone. To array a panel, to set forth in order the men that are impaneled. Cowell. Tomlins.

Syn.
 — To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order.

ARRAYER
Ar*ray"er, n.

Defn: One who arrays. In some early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered.

ARREAR
Ar*rear", adv. Etym: [OE. arere, OF. arere, ariere, F. arrière, fr.
L. ad + retro backward. See Rear.]

Defn: To or in the rear; behind; backwards. [Obs.] Spenser.

ARREAR
Ar*rear", n.

Defn: That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due; esp. a remainder, or balance which remains due when some part has been paid; arrearage; — commonly used in the plural, as, arrears of rent, wages, or taxes. Locke. For much I dread due payment by the Greeks Of yesterday's arrear. Cowper. I have a large arrear of letters to write. J. D. Forbes. In arrear or In arrears, behind; backward; behindhand; in debt.

ARREARAGE
Ar*rear"age, n. Etym: [F. arrérage, fr. arrière, OF. arere. See
Arrear.]

Defn: That which remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part;
arrears.
The old arrearages . . . being defrayed. Howell.

ARRECT; ARRECTED Ar*rect", Ar*rect"ed, a. Etym: [L. arrectus, p. p. of arrigere to raise, erect; ad + regere to lead straight, to direct.]

1. Lifted up; raised; erect.

2. Attentive, as a person listening. [Obs.] God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the vigilant and arrect. Smalridge.

ARRECT
Ar*rect", v. t.

1. To direct. [Obs.] My supplication to you I arrect. Skelton.

2. Etym: [See Aret.]

Defn: To impute. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

ARRECTARY
Ar*rect"a*ry, n. Etym: [L. arrectarius, fr. arrigere o set up.]

Defn: An upright beam. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ARRENOTOKOUS
Ar`re*not"o*kous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing males from unfertilized eggs, as certain wasps and bees.

ARRENTATION
Ar`ren*ta"tion. Etym: [Cf. F. arrenter to give or take as rent. See
Arendator.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a forest with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent.

ARREPTION Ar*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. arripere, arreptum, to seize, snatch; ad + rapere to snatch. See Rapacious.]

Defn: The act of taking away. [Obs.] "This arreption was sudden." Bp.
Hall.

ARREPTITIOUS
Ar`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. arreptitius.]

Defn: Snatched away; seized or possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad;
crack-brained. [Obs.]
Odd, arreptitious, frantic extravagances. Howell.

ARREST
Ar*rest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrested; p. pr. & vb. n. Arresting.]
Etym: [OE. aresten, OF. arester, F. arrêter, fr. LL. arrestare; L. ad
+ restare to remain, stop; re + stare to stand. See Rest remainder.]

1. To stop; to check or hinder the motion or action of; as, to arrest the current of a river; to arrest the senses. Nor could her virtues the relentless hand Of Death arrest. Philips.

2. (Law)

Defn: To take, seize, or apprehend by authority of law; as, to arrest one for debt, or for a crime.

Note: After his word Shakespeare uses of ("I arrest thee of high treason") or on; the modern usage is for.

3. To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; as, to arrest the eyes or attention. Buckminster.

4. To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate. [Obs.] We may arrest our thoughts upon the divine mercies. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. — To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop; apprehend; seize; lay hold of.

ARREST
Ar*rest", v. i.

Defn: To tarry; to rest. [Obs.] Spenser.

ARREST Ar*rest", n. Etym: [OE. arest, arrest, OF. arest, F. arrêt, fr. arester. See Arrest, v. t., Arr.]

1. The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance; restraint; as, an arrest of development. As the arrest of the air showeth. Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant. William . . . ordered him to be put under arrest. Macaulay. [Our brother Norway] sends out arrests On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys. Shak.

Note: An arrest may be made by seizing or touching the body; but it is sufficient in the party be within the power of the officer and submit to the arrest. In Admiralty law, and in old English practice, the term is applied to the seizure of property.

3. Any seizure by power, physical or moral. The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep, etc., . . . were sad arrests to his troubled spirit. Jer. Taylor.

4. (Far.)

Defn: A scurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a horse; — also named rat-tails. White. Arrest of judgment (Law), the staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in arrest of judgment.

ARRESTATION
Ar`res*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. arrestation, LL. arrestatio.]

Defn: Arrest. [R.]
The arrestation of the English resident in France was decreed by the
National Convention. H. M. Williams.

ARRESTEE
Ar`res*tee", n. Etym: [See Arrest, v.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The person in whose hands is the property attached by arrestment.

ARRESTER
Ar*rest"er, n.

1. One who arrests.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: The person at whose suit an arrestment is made. [Also written arrestor.]

ARRESTING
Ar*rest"ing, a.

Defn: Striking; attracting attention; impressive.
This most solemn and arresting occurrence. J. H. Newman.

ARRESTIVE
Ar*rest"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to arrest. McCosh.

ARRESTMENT
Ar*rest"ment, n. Etym: [OF. arrestement.]

1. (Scots Law)

Defn: The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp., a process by which money or movables in the possession of a third party are attached.

2. A stoppage or check. Darwin.

ARRET Ar*rêt, n. Etym: [F. See Arrest, n.] (F. Law) (a) A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or high tribunal; also, a decree of a sovereign. (b) An arrest; a legal seizure.

ARRET
Ar*ret", v. t.

Defn: Same as Aret. [Obs.] Spenser.

ARRHA
Ar"rha, n.; pl. Arrhæ (#). [L. Cf. Earnest.] (Law)

Defn: Money or other valuable thing given to evidence a contract; a pledge or earnest.

ARRHAPHOSTIC
Ar`rha*phos"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Seamless. [R.]

ARRHIZAL; ARRHIZOUS
Ar*rhi"zal, Ar*rhi"zous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of a true root, as a parasitical plant.

ARRHYTHMIC; ARRHYTHMOUS
Ar*rhyth"mic, Ar*rhyth"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Being without rhythm or regularity, as the pulse.

ARRHYTMY
Ar"rhyt*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Want of rhythm. [R.]

ARRIDE
Ar*ride", v. t. Etym: [L. arridere; ad + ridere to laugh.]

Defn: To please; to gratify. [Archaic] B. Jonson. Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most arride and solace me are thy repositories of moldering learning. Lamb.

ARRIERE
Ar*riere", n. Etym: [F. arrière. See Arrear.]

Defn: "That which is behind"; the rear; — chiefly used as an
adjective in the sense of behind, rear, subordinate. Arriere fee,
Arriere fief, a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee
held of a feudatory.
 — Arriere vassal, the vassal of a vassal.

ARRIERE-BAN Ar*riere"-ban`, n. Etym: [F., fr. OE. arban, heriban, fr. OHG. hariban, heriban, G. heerbann, the calling together of an army; OHG. heri an army + ban a public call or order. The French have misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into arrière-ban, though arrière has no connection with its proper meaning. See Ban, Abandon.]

Defn: A proclamation, as of the French kings, calling not only their immediate feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take the field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be called to arms, as in ancient France.

ARRIS Ar"ris, n. Etym: [OF. areste, F. arête, fr. L. arista the top or beard of an ear of grain, the bone of a fish.] (Arch.)

Defn: The sharp edge or salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether plane or curved; — applied particularly to the edges in moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in a Doric column. P. Cyc. Arris fillet, a triangular piece of wood used to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw off the rain. Gwilt. — Arris gutter, a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a building. Gwilt.

ARRISH
Ar"rish, n. Etym: [See Eddish.]

Defn: The stubble of wheat or grass; a stubble field; eddish. [Eng.]
[Written also arish, ersh, etc.]
The moment we entered the stubble or arrish. Blackw. Mag.

ARRISWISE
Ar"ris*wise`, adv.

Defn: Diagonally laid, as tiles; ridgewise.

ARRIVAL
Ar*riv"al, n. Etym: [From Arrive.]

1. The act of arriving, or coming; the act of reaching a place from a distance, whether by water (as in its original sense) or by land. Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes, Expect his swift arrival. Dryden.

2. The attainment or reaching of any object, by effort, or in natural course; as, our arrival at this conclusion was wholly unexpected.

3. The person or thing arriving or which has arrived; as, news brought by the last arrival. Another arrival still more important was speedily announced. Macaulay.

4. An approach. [Obs.] The house has a corner arrival. H. Walpole.

ARRIVANCE
Ar*riv"ance, n.

Defn: Arrival. [Obs.] Shak.

ARRIVE Ar*rive", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Arrived; p. pr. & vb. n. Arriving.] Etym: [OE. ariven to arrive, land, OF. ariver, F. arriver, fr. LL. arripare, adripare, to come to shore; L. ad + ripa the shore or sloping bank of a river. Cf. Riparian.]

1. To come to the shore or bank. In present usage: To come in progress by water, or by traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; — followed by at (formerly sometimes by to), also by in and from. "Arrived in Padua." Shak. [Æneas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily, arrived . . . and landed in the country of Laurentum. Holland. There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived at Ipswich. Macaulay.

2. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain or compass an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry, reasoning, or experiment. To arrive at, or attain to. When he arrived at manhood. Rogers. We arrive at knowledge of a law of nature by the generalization of facts. McCosh. If at great things thou wouldst arrive. Milton.

3. To come; said of time; as, the time arrived.

4. To happen or occur. [Archaic] Happy! to whom this glorious death arrives. Waller.

ARRIVE
Ar*rive", v. t.

1. To bring to shore. [Obs.] And made the sea-trod ship arrive them. Chapman.

2. To reach; to come to. [Archaic]
Ere he arrive the happy isle. Milton.
Ere we could arrive the point proposed. Shak.
Arrive at last the blessed goal. Tennyson.

ARRIVE
Ar*rive", n.

Defn: Arrival. [Obs.] Chaucer.
How should I joy of thy arrive to hear! Drayton.

ARRIVER
Ar*riv"er, n.

Defn: One who arrives.

ARROBA Ar*ro"ba, n. Etym: [Sp. and Pg., from Ar. arrub, ar-rubu, a fourth part.]

1. A Spanish weight used in Mexico and South America = 25.36 lbs. avoir.; also, an old Portuguese weight, used in Brazil = 32.38 lbs. avoir.

2. A Spanish liquid measure for wine = 3.54 imp. gallons, and for oil = 2.78 imp. gallons.

ARROGANCE
Ar"ro*gance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. arrogantia, fr. arrogans. See
Arrogant.]

Defn: The act or habit of arrogating, or making undue claims in an overbearing manner; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation, or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others; lordliness; haughtiness; self-assumption; presumption. I hate not you for her proud arrogance. Shak.

Syn. — Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness; presumption; pride; disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness. See Haughtiness.

ARROGANCY
Ar"ro*gan*cy, n.

Defn: Arrogance. Shak.

ARROGANT
Ar"ro*gant, a. Etym: [F. arrogant, L. arrogans, p. pr. of arrogare.
See Arrogate.]

1. Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of importance; assuming; haughty; — applied to persons. Arrogant Winchester, that haughty prelate. Shak.

2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance; proceeding from undue claims or self-importance; — applied to things; as, arrogant pretensions or behavior.

Syn. — Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing; presumptuous; haughty. See Magisterial.

ARROGANTLY
Ar"ro*gant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self-importance.

ARROGANTNESS
Ar"ro*gant*ness, n.

Defn: Arrogance. [R.]

ARROGATE
Ar"ro*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arrogated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arrogating.] Etym: [L. arrogatus, p. p. of adrogare, arrogare, to
ask, appropriate to one's self; ad + rogare to ask. See Rogation.]

Defn: To assume, or claim as one's own, unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; as, the pope arrogated dominion over kings. He arrogated to himself the right of deciding dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine. Macaulay.

ARROGATION
Ar`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. arrogatio, fr. arrogare. Cf. Adrogation.]

1. The act of arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to. Hall.

2. (Civ. Law)

Defn: Adoption of a person of full age.

ARROGATIVE
Ar"ro*ga*tive, a.

Defn: Making undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance. [R.]
Dr. H. More.

ARRONDISSEMENT Ar`ron`disse`ment", n. Etym: [F., fr. arrondir to make round; ad + rond round, L. rotundus.]

Defn: A subdivision of a department. [France]

Note: The territory of France, since the revolution, has been divided into departments, those into arrondissements, those into cantons, and the latter into communes.

ARROSE
Ar*rose", v. t. Etym: [F. arroser.]

Defn: To drench; to besprinkle; to moisten. [Obs.]
The blissful dew of heaven does arrose you. Two N. Kins.

ARROSION Ar*ro"sion, n. Etym: [L. arrodere, arrosum, to gnaw: cf. F. arrosion.]

Defn: A gnawing. [Obs.] Bailey.

ARROW Ar"row, n. Etym: [OE. arewe, AS. arewe, earh; akin to Icel. ör, örvar, Goth. arhwazna, and perh. L. arcus bow. Cf. Arc.]

Defn: A missile weapon of offense, slender, pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a bow. Broad arrow. (a) An arrow with a broad head. (b) A mark placed upon British ordnance and government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad arrowhead.

ARROW GRASS
Ar"row grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous grasslike plant (Triglochin palustre, and other species) with pods opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads.

ARROWHEAD
Ar"row*head`, n.

1. The head of an arrow.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An aquatic plant of the genus Sagittaria, esp. S. sagittifolia, — named from the shape of the leaves.

ARROWHEADED
Ar"row*head`ed, a.

Defn: Shaped like the head of an arow; cuneiform. Arrowheaded characters, characters the elements of which consist of strokes resembling arrowheads, nailheads, or wedges; — hence called also nail-headed, wedge-formed, cuneiform, or cuneatic characters; the oldest written characters used in the country about the Tigris and Euphrates, and subsequently in Persia, and abounding among the ruins of Persepolis, Nineveh, and Babylon. See Cuneiform.

ARROWROOT
Ar"row*root`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A west Indian plant of the genus Maranta, esp. M. arundinacea, now cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned arrows.

2. A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks of Maranta arundinacea, and used as food, esp. for children an invalids; also, a similar starch obtained from other plants, as various species of Maranta and Curcuma.

ARROWWOOD
Ar"row*wood`, n.

Defn: A shrub (Viburnum dentatum) growing in damp woods and thickets; — so called from the long, straight, slender shoots.

ARROWWORM
Ar"row*worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar transparent worm of the genus Sagitta, living at the surface of the sea. See Sagitta.

ARROWY
Ar"row*y, a.

1. Consisting of arrows. How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot Sharp sleet of arrowy showers. Milton.

2. Formed or moving like, or in any respect resembling, an arrow; swift; darting; piercing. "His arrowy tongue." Cowper. By the blue rushing of the arrowy Rhone. Byron. With arrowy vitalities, vivacities, and ingenuities. Carlyle.

ARROYO
Ar*roy"o, n.; pl Arroyos. Etym: [Sp., fr. LL. arrogium; cf. Gr.

1. A water course; a rivulet.

2. The dry bed of a small stream. [Western U. S.]

ARSCHIN
Ar"schin, n.

Defn: See Arshine.

ARSE
Arse, n. Etym: [AS. ears; ærs; akin to OHG. ars. G. arsch, D. aars,
Sw. ars, Dan. arts, Gr.

Defn: The buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the fundament; the bottom.

ARSENAL Ar"se*nal, n. Etym: [Sp. & F. arsenal arsenal, dockyard, or It. arzanale, arsenale (cf. It. & darsena dock); all fr. Ar. dar house of industry or fabrication; dar house + art, industry.]

Defn: A public establishment for the storage, or for the manufacture and storage, of arms and all military equipments, whether for land or naval service.

ARSENATE
Ar"se*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of arsenic acid.

ARSENIATE
Ar*se"ni*ate, n.

Defn: See Arsenate. [R.]

ARSENIC
Ar"se*nic, n. Etym: [L. arsenicum, Gr. zernikh: cf. F. arsenic.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking with the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray color and brilliant luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and sublimes at 356º Fahrenheit. It is sometimes found native, but usually combined with silver, cobalt, nickel, iron, antimony, or sulphur. Orpiment and realgar are two of its sulphur compounds, the first of which is the true arsenticum of the ancients. The element and its compounds are active poisons. Specific gravity from 5.7 to 5.9. Atomic weight. Symbol As.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Arsenious oxide or arsenious anhydride; — called also arsenious acid, white arsenic, and ratsbane.

ARSENIC
Ar*sen"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic; — said of those compounds of arsenic in which this element has its highest equivalence; as, arsenic acid.

ARSENICAL
Ar*sen"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or containing, arsenic; as, arsenical vapor; arsenical wall papers. Arsenical silver, an ore of silver containing arsenic.

ARSENICATE
Ar*sen"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arsenicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arsenicating.]

Defn: To combine with arsenic; to treat or impregnate with arsenic.

ARSENICISM
Ar*sen"i*cism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition produced by slow poisoning with arsenic.

ARSENIDE
Ar"sen*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of arsenic with a metal, or positive element or radical; — formerly called arseniuret.

ARSENIFEROUS
Ar`sen*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Arsenic + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or producing arsenic.

ARSENIOUS
Ar*se"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. arsénieux.]

1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or containing, arsenic; as, arsenious powder or glass.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic, when having an equivalence next lower than the highest; as, arsenious acid.

ARSENITE
Ar"sen*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. arsénite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base.

ARSENIURET
Ar`se*ni"u*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Arsenide.

ARSENIURETED
Ar`se*ni"u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with arsenic; — said some elementary substances or radicals; as, arseniureted hydrogen. [Also spelt arseniuretted.]

ARSENOPYRITE
Ar`sen*o*pyr"ite, n. Etym: [Arsenic + pyrite.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a tin-white color and metallic luster, containing arsenic, sulphur, and iron; — also called arsenical pyrites and mispickel.

ARSESMART
Arse"smart, n.

Defn: Smartweed; water pepper. Dr. Prior.

ARSHINE Ar"shine, n. Etym: [Russ. arshin, of Turkish-Tartar origin; Turk. arshin, arshun, ell, yard.]

Defn: A Russian measure of length = 2 ft. 4.246 inches.

ARSINE
Ar"sine, n. Etym: [From Arsenic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and exceedingly poisonous gas, having and odor like garlic; arseniureted hydrogen.

ARSIS Ar"sis, n. Etym: [L. arsis, Gr. lifting of the hand in beating time, and hence the unaccented part of the rhythm.]

1. (Pros.) (a) That part of a foot where the ictus is put, or which is distinguished from the rest (known as the thesis) of the foot by a greater stress of voice. Hermann. (b) That elevation of voice now called metrical accentuation, or the rhythmic accent.

Note: It is uncertain whether the arsis originally consisted in a higher musical tone, greater volume, or longer duration of sound, or in all combined.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The elevation of the hand, or that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the weak or unaccented part of the bar; - - opposed to thesis. Moore.

ARSMETRIKE
Ars`met"rike, n. Etym: [An erroneous form of arithmetic, as if from
L. ars metrica the measuring art.]

Defn: Arithmetic. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARSON
Ar"son, n. Etym: [OF. arson, arsun, fr. L. ardere, arsum, to burn.]
(Law)

Defn: The malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man, which by the common law is felony; the malicious and voluntary firing of a building or ship. Wharton.

Note: The definition of this crime is varied by statues in different countries and states. The English law of arson has been considerably modified in the United States; in some of the States it has been materially enlarged, while in others, various degrees of arson have been established, with corresponding punishment. Burrill.

ART
Art.

Defn: The second person singular, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb Be; but formed after the analogy of the plural are, with the ending -t, as in thou shalt, wilt, orig. an ending of the second person sing. pret. Cf. Be. Now used only in solemn or poetical style.

ART Art, n. Etym: [F. art, L. ars, artis, orig., skill in joining or fitting; prob. akin to E. arm, aristocrat, article.]

1. The employment of means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses of life; the application of knowledge or power to practical purposes. Blest with each grace of nature and of art. Pope.

2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; a system of principles and rules for attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special work; — often contradistinguished from science or speculative principles; as, the art of building or engraving; the art of war; the art of navigation. Science is systematized knowledge . . . Art is knowledge made efficient by skill. J. F. Genung.

3. The systematic application of knowledge or skill in effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or business requiring such knowledge or skill. The fishermen can't employ their art with so much success in so troubled a sea. Addison.

4. The application of skill to the production of the beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in which skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture; one of the fine arts; as, he prefers art to literature.

5. pl.

Defn: Those branches of learning which are taught in the academical course of colleges; as, master of arts. In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts. Pope. Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation. Goldsmith.

6. Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or letters. [Archaic] So vast is art, so narrow human wit. Pope.

7. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain actions, asquired by experience, study, or observation; knack; a, a man has the art of managing his business to advantage.

8. Skillful plan; device. They employed every art to soothe . . . the discontented warriors. Macaulay.

9. Cunning; artifice; craft.
Madam, I swear I use no art at all. Shak.
Animals practice art when opposed to their superiors in strength.
Crabb.

10 10

Defn: To black art; magic. [Obs.] Shak. Art and part (Scots Law), share or concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the perpetration of a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the execution; complicity.

Note: The arts are divided into various classes. The useful, mechanical, or industrial arts are those in which the hands and body are concerned than the mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These are called trades. The fine arts are those which have primarily to do with imagination taste, and are applied to the production of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music, painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the term is often confined to painting, sculpture, and architecture. The liberal arts (artes liberales, the higher arts, which, among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue) were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of learning, — grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. In modern times the liberal arts include the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the course of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the arts; master and bachelor of arts. In America, literature and the elegant arts must grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily necessity. Irving.

Syn. — Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill; dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade; calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity. See Science.

ARTEMIA
Ar*te"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of phyllopod Crustacea found in salt lakes and brines; the brine shrimp. See Brine shrimp.

ARTEMISIA
Ar`te*mi"si*a, n. Etym: [L. Artemisia, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the plants called mugwort, southernwood, and wormwood. Of these A. absinthium, or common wormwood, is well known, and A. tridentata is the sage brush of the Rocky Mountain region.

ARTERIAC
Ar*te"ri*ac, a. Etym: [L. arteriacus, Gr. Artery.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the windpipe.

ARTERIAL
Ar*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. artériel.]

1. Of or pertaining to an artery, or the arteries; as, arterial action; the arterial system.

2. Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling an artery), as a river, canal, or railroad. Arterial blood, blood which has been changed and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the lungs.

ARTERIALIZATION
Ar*te`ri*al*i*za"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The process of converting venous blood into arterial blood during its passage through the lungs, oxygen being absorbed and carbonic acid evolved; — called also aëration and hematosis.

ARTERIALIZE
Ar*te"ri*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Arterialized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arterializing.]

Defn: To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial.

ARTERIOGRAPHY
Ar*te`ri*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A systematic description of the arteries.

ARTERIOLE Ar*te"ri*ole, n. Etym: [NL. arteriola, dim. of L. arteria: cf. F. artériole.]

Defn: A small artery.

ARTERIOLOGY
Ar*te`ri*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of arteries.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS Ar*te`ri*o*scle*ro"sis (är*te`ri*o*skle*ro"sis), n. [Gr. 'arthri`a artery + sclerosis.] (Med.)

Defn: Abnormal thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, esp. of the intima, occurring mostly in old age. — Ar*te`ri*o*scle*rot"ic (#), a.

ARTERIOTOMY
Ar*te`ri*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [L. arteriotomia, Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The opening of an artery, esp. for bloodletting.

2. That part of anatomy which treats of the dissection of the arteries.

ARTERITIS
Ar`te*ri"tis, n. Etym: [Artery + -etis.]

Defn: Inflammation of an artery or arteries. Dunglison.

ARTERY
Ar"ter*y, n.; pl. Artplwies. Etym: [L. arteria windpipe, artery, Gr.

1. The trachea or windpipe. [Obs.] "Under the artery, or windpipe, is the mouth of the stomach." Holland.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the vessels or tubes which carry either venous or arterial blood from the heart. They have tricker and more muscular walls than veins, and are connected with them by capillaries.

Note: In man and other mammals, the arteries which contain arterialized blood receive it from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta. See Aorta. The pulmonary artery conveys the venous blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, whence the arterialized blood is returned through the pulmonary veins.

3. Hence: Any continuous or ramified channel of communication; as, arteries of trade or commerce.

ARTESIAN Ar*te"sian, a. Etym: [F. artésien, fr. Artois in France, where many such wells have been made since the middle of the last century.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Artois (anciently called Artesium), in France. Artesian wells, wells made by boring into the earth till the instrument reaches water, which, from internal pressure, flows spontaneously like a fountain. They are usually of small diameter and often of great depth.

ARTFUL
Art"ful, a. Etym: [From Art.]

1. Performed with, or characterized by, art or skill. [Archaic] "Artful strains." "Artful terms." Milton.

2. Artificial; imitative. Addison.

3. Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or contrivance; dexterous; skillful. He [was] too artful a writer to set down events in exact historical order. Dryden.

4. Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of dealing; crafty; as, an artful boy. [The usual sense.] Artful in speech, in action, and in mind. Pope. The artful revenge of various animals. Darwin.

Syn. — Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty; tricky; deceitful; designing. See Cunning.

ARTFULLY
Art"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In an artful manner; with art or cunning; skillfully; dexterously; craftily.

ARTFULNESS
Art"ful*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being artful; art; cunning; craft.

ARTHEN
Ar"then, a.

Defn: Same as Earthen. [Obs.] "An arthen pot." Holland.

ARTHRITIC; ARTHRITICAL
Ar*thrit"ic, Ar*thrit"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. arthriticus, Gr.
Arthritis.]

1. Pertaining to the joints. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Of or pertaining to arthritis; gouty. Cowper.

ARTHRITIS
Ar*thri"tis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Any inflammation of the joints, particularly the gout.

ARTHROCHONDRITIS
Ar`thro*chon*dri"tis, n. [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Chondritis of a joint.

ARTHRODERM
Ar"thro*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. 'derm.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The external covering of an Arthropod.

ARTHRODESIS
Ar*throd"e*sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. joint + a binding together.]
(Surg.)

Defn: Surgical fixation of joints.

ARTHRODIA
Ar*thro"di*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A form of diarthrodial articulation in which the articular surfaces are nearly flat, so that they form only an imperfect ball and socket.

ARTHRODIAL; ARTHRODIC
Ar*thro"di*al, Ar*throd"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to arthrodia.

ARTHRODYNIA
Ar`thro*dyn"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An affection characterized by pain in or about a joint, not dependent upon structural disease.

ARTHRODYNIC
Ar`thro*dyn"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to arthrodynia, or pain in the joints; rheumatic.

ARTHROGASTRA
Ar`thro*gas"tra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Arachnida, having the abdomen annulated, including the scorpions, harvestmen, etc.; pedipalpi.

ARTHROGRAPHY
Ar*throg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The description of joints.

ARTHROLOGY
Ar*throl"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of joints.

ARTHROMERE
Ar"thro*mere, n. Etym: [Gr. -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the body segments of Arthropods. See Arthrostraca.
Packard.

ARTHROPATHY
Ar*throp"a*thy, n. [Gr. joint + , , to suffer.] (Med.)

Defn: Any disease of the joints.

ARTHROPLEURA
Ar`thro*pleu"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The side or limb-bearing portion of an arthromere.

ARTHROPOD
Ar"thro*pod, n (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Arthropoda.

ARTHROPODA
Ar*throp"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large division of Articulata, embracing all those that have
jointed legs. It includes Insects, Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and
Crustacea.
 — Ar*throp"o*dal, a.

ARTHROPOMATA
Ar`thro*pom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Branchiopoda. See Branchiopoda.

ARTHROSIS
Ar*thro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Articulation.

ARTHROSPORE
Ar"thro*spore, n. [Gr. joint + E. spore.] (Bacteriol.)

Defn: A bacterial resting cell, — formerly considered a spore, but now known to occur even in endosporous bacteria. — Ar`thro*spor"ic (#), Ar*thros"po*rous (#), a.

ARTHROSTRACA
Ar*thros"tra*ca, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the larger divisions of Crustacea, so called because the thorax and abdomen are both segmented; Tetradecapoda. It includes the Amphipoda and Isopoda.

ARTHROTOME
Ar"thro*tome, n. [Gr. joint + to cut.] (Surg.)

Defn: A strong scalpel used in the dissection of joints.

ARTHROZOIC
Ar`thro*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Articulata; articulate.

ARTHURIAN
Ar*thu"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to King Arthur or his knights. J. R. Symonds.

In magnitude, in interest, and as a literary origin, the Arthurian invention dwarfs all other things in the book. Saintsbury.

ARTIAD
Ar"ti*ad, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Even; not odd; — said of elementary substances and of radicals the valence of which is divisible by two without a remainder.

ARTICHOKE Ar"ti*choke, n. Etym: [It. articioc, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as carciofo; cf. older spellings archiciocco, archicioffo, carciocco, and Sp. alcachofa, Pg. alcachofra; prob. fr. Ar. al- harshaf, al-kharsh.] (Bot.)

1. The Cynara scolymus, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food.

2. See Jerusalem artichoke.

ARTICLE Ar"ti*cle, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. articulus, dim. of artus joint, akin to Gr. ar to join, fit. See Art, n.]

1. A distinct portion of an instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing, consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various topics; as, an article in the Constitution. Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a concise statement; as, articles of agreement.

2. A literary composition, forming an independent portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia.

3. Subject; matter; concern; distinct. [Obs.]
A very great revolution that happened in this article of good
breeding. Addison.
This last article will hardly be believed. De Foe.

4. A distinct part. "Upon each article of human duty." Paley. "Each article of time." Habington. The articles which compose the blood. E. Darwin.

5. A particular one of various things; as, an article of merchandise; salt is a necessary article. They would fight not for articles of faith, but for articles of food. Landor.

6. Precise point of time; moment. [Obs. or Archaic] This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the article of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his prejudice. Evelyn.

7. (Gram.)

Defn: One of the three words, a, an, the, used before nouns to limit or define their application. A (or an) is called the indefinite article, the the definite article.

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the segments of an articulated appendage. Articles of Confederation, the compact which was first made by the original thirteen States of the United States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme law until March, 1789. — Articles of impeachment, an instrument which, in cases of impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in a common criminal case. — Articles of war, rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better government of the army. — In the article of death Etym: [L. in articulo mortis], at the moment of death; in the dying struggle. — Lords of the articles (Scot. Hist.), a standing committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws. — The Thirty-nine Articles, statements (thirty-nine in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England.

ARTICLE
Ar"ti*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Articled; p. pr. & vb. n. Articling.]
Etym: [Cf. F. articuler, fr. L. articulare. See Article, n.,
Articulate.]

1. To formulate in articles; to set forth in distinct particulars. If all his errors and follies were articled against him, the man would seem vicious and miserable. Jer. Taylor.

2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. He shall be articled against in the high court of admiralty. Stat. 33 Geo. III.

3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation; as, to article an apprentice to a mechanic.

ARTICLE
Ar"ti*cle, v. i.

Defn: To agree by articles; to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant.
[R.]
Then he articled with her that he should go away when he pleased.
Selden.

ARTICLED
Ar"ti*cled, a.

Defn: Bound by articles; apprenticed; as, an articled clerk.

ARTICULAR
Ar*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. articularis: cf. F. articulaire. See
Article, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the joints; as, an articular disease; an articular process.

ARTICULAR; ARTICULARY
Ar*tic"u*lar, Ar*tic"u*la*ry, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

ARTICULARLY
Ar*tic"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an articular or an articulate manner.

ARTICULATA Ar*tic`u*la"ta, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. from L. articulatus furnished with joints, distinct, p. p. of articulare. See Article, v.] (Zoöl.)

1. One of the four subkingdoms in the classification of Cuvier. It has been much modified by later writers.

Note: It includes those Invertebrata having the body composed of ringlike segments (arthromeres). By some writers, the unsegmented worms (helminths) have also been included; by others it is restricted to the Arthropoda. It corresponds nearly with the Annulosa of some authors. The chief subdivisions are Arthropoda (Insects, Myriapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida, Crustacea); and Anarthropoda, including the Annelida and allied forms.

2. One of the subdivisions of the Brachiopoda, including those that have the shells united by a hinge.

3. A subdivision of the Crinoidea.

ARTICULATE
Ar*tic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. articulatus. See Articulata.]

1. Expressed in articles or in separate items or particulars. [Archaic] Bacon.

2. Jointed; formed with joints; consisting of segments united by joints; as, articulate animals or plants.

3. Distinctly uttered; spoken so as to be intelligible; characterized by division into words and syllables; as, articulate speech, sounds, words. Total changes of party and articulate opinion. Carlyle.

ARTICULATE
Ar*tic"u*late, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of the subkingdom Articulata.

ARTICULATE
Ar*tic"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Articulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Articulating].

1. To utter articulate sounds; to utter the elementary sounds of a language; to enunciate; to speak distinctly.

2. To treat or make terms. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To join or be connected by articulation.

ARTICULATE
Ar*tic"u*late, v. t.

1. To joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with joints or at the joints.

2. To draw up or write in separate articles; to particularize; to specify. [Obs.]

3. To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in distinct syllables or words; to enunciate; as, to articulate letters or language. "To articulate a word." Ray.

4. To express distinctly; to give utterance to. Luther articulated himself upon a process that hand already begun in the Christian church. Bibliotheca Sacra. To . . . articulate the dumb, deep want of the people. Carlyle.

ARTICULATED
Ar*tic"u*la`ted, a.

1. United by, or provided with, articulations; jointed; as, an articulated skeleton.

2. Produced, as a letter, syllable, or word, by the organs of speech; pronounced.

ARTICULATELY
Ar*tic"u*late*ly, adv.

1. After the manner, or in the form, of a joint.

2. Article by article; in distinct particulars; in detail; definitely. Paley. I had articulately set down in writing our points. Fuller.

3. With distinct utterance of the separate sounds.

ARTICULATENESS
Ar*tic"u*late*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being articulate.

ARTICULATION
Ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. articulation, fr. L. articulatio.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A joint or juncture between bones in the skeleton.

Note: Articulations may be immovable, when the bones are directly united (synarthrosis), or slightly movable, when they are united intervening substance (amphiarthrosis), or they may be more or less freely movable, when the articular surfaces are covered with synovial membranes, as in complete joints (diarthrosis). The last (diarthrosis) includes hinge joints, admitting motion in one plane only (ginglymus), ball and socket joints (enarthrosis), pivot and rotation joints, etc.

2. (Bot.) (a) The connection of the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods. (b) One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize. (c) One of the parts intercepted between the joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the cane, grasses, etc. Lindley.

3. The act of putting together with a joint or joints; any meeting of parts in a joint.

4. The state of being jointed; connection of parts. [R.] That definiteness and articulation of imagery. Coleridge.

5. The utterance of the elementary sounds of a language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in pronunciation; as, a distinct articulation.

6. A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant.

ARTICULATIVE
Ar*tic"u*la*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to articulation. Bush.

ARTICULATOR
Ar*tic"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, articulates; as: (a) One who enunciates distinctly. (b) One who prepares and mounts skeletons. (c) An instrument to cure stammering.

ARTICULUS
Ar*tic"u*lus n.; pl. Articuli. Etym: [L. See Article.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A joint of the cirri of the Crinoidea; a joint or segment of an arthropod appendage.

ARTIFACT
Ar"ti*fact, n. [L. ars, artis, art + facere, factum, to make.]

1. (Archæol.)

Defn: A product of human workmanship; — applied esp. to the simpler products of aboriginal art as distinguished from natural objects.

2. (Biol.) A structure or appearance in protoplasm due to death or the use of reagents and not present during life.

ARTIFICE Ar"ti*fice, n. Etym: [L. artificium, fr. artifex artificer; ars, artis, art + facere to make: cf. F. artifice.]

1. A handicraft; a trade; art of making. [Obs.]

2. Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work. The material universe.. in the artifice of God, the artifice of the best Mechanist. Cudworth.

3. Artful or skillful contrivance. His [Congreve's] plots were constructed without much artifice. Craik.

4. Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or elaborate trick.

Note: [Now the usual meaning.] Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous artifices for the purpose of averting inquiry. Macaulay.

ARTIFICER
Ar*tif"i*cer, n. Etym: [Cf. F. artificier, fr. LL. artificiarius.]

1. An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind, as a silversmith.

2. One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor, or framer. "Artificer of fraud." Milton. The great Artificer of all that moves. Cowper.

3. A cunning or artful fellow. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A military mechanic, as a blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells, fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory.

Syn.
 — Artisan; artist. See Artisan.

ARTIFICIAL Ar`ti*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See Artifice.]

1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. Shak.

2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. "Artificial tears." Shak.

3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] Shak.

4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. Gibbon. Artificial arguments (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. Johnson. — Artificial classification (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, "the artificial system" in botany, which is the same as the Linnæan system. — Artificial horizon. See under Horizon. Artificial light, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. — Artificial lines, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. — Artificial numbers, logarithms. — Artificial person (Law). See under Person. — Artificial sines, tangents, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural, tangents, etc. Hutton.

ARTIFICIALITY
Ar`ti*fi`ci*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is artificial.

ARTIFICIALIZE
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render artificial.

ARTIFICIALLY
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ly, adv.

1. In an artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by nature.

2. Ingeniously; skillfully. [Obs.] The spider's web, finely and artificially wrought. Tillotson.

3. Craftily; artfully. [Obs.] Sharp dissembled so artificially. Bp. Burnet.

ARTIFICIALNESS
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being artificial.

ARTIFICIOUS
Ar`ti*fi"cious, a. Etym: [L. artificiosus.]

Defn: Artificial. [Obs.] Johnson.

ARTILIZE
Art"i*lize, v. t.

Defn: To make resemble. [Obs.] If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would naturalize art instead of artilizing nature. Bolingbroke.

ARTILLERIST
Ar*til"ler*ist, n.

Defn: A person skilled in artillery or gunnery; a gunner; an artilleryman.

ARTILLERY Ar*til"ler*y, n. Etym: [OE. artilrie, OF. artillerie, arteillerie, fr. LL. artillaria, artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind which follow camps; F. artillerie great guns, ordnance; OF. artillier to work artifice, to fortify, to arm, prob. from L. ars, artis, skill in joining something, art. See Art.]

1. Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and arrows. [Obs.] And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad. 1 Sam. xx. 40.

2. Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns, mortars, howitzers, etc., with their equipment of carriages, balls, bombs, and shot of all kinds.

Note: The word is sometimes used in a more extended sense, including the powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of all kinds, and horses, that belong to a train of artillery.

3. The men and officers of that branch of the army to which the care and management of artillery are confided.

4. The science of artillery or gunnery. Campbell. Artillery park, or Park of artillery. (a) A collective body of siege or field artillery, including the guns, and the carriages, ammunition, appurtenances, equipments, and persons necessary for working them. (b) The place where the artillery is encamped or collected. — Artillery train, or Train of artillery, a number of pieces of ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, ready for marching.

ARTILLERYMAN
Ar*til"ler*y*man, n.

Defn: A man who manages, or assists in managing, a large gun in firing.

ARTILLERY WHEEL
Ar*til"ler*y wheel.

Defn: A kind of heavily built dished wheel with a long axle box, used on gun carriages, usually having 14 spokes and 7 felloes; hence, a wheel of similar construction for use on automobiles, etc.

ARTIODACTYLA
Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the divisions of the ungulate animals. The functional toes of the hind foot are even in number, and the third digit of each foot (corresponding to the middle finger in man) is asymmetrical and paired with the fourth digit, as in the hog, the sheep, and the ox; - - opposed to Perissodactyla.

ARTIODACTYLE
Ar`ti*o*dac"tyle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Artiodactyla.

ARTIODACTYLOUS
Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Even-toed.

ARTISAN Ar"ti*san, n. Etym: [F. artisan, fr. L. artitus skilled in arts, fr. ars, artis, art: cf. It. artigiano. See Art, n.]

1. One who professes and practices some liberal art; an artist. [Obs.]

2. One trained to manual dexterity in some mechanic art or trade; and handicraftsman; a mechanic. This is willingly submitted to by the artisan, who can . . . compensate his additional toil and fatigue. Hume.

Syn. — Artificer; artist. — Artisan, Artist, Artificer. An artist is one who is skilled in some one of the fine arts; an artisan is one who exercises any mechanical employment. A portrait painter is an artist; a sign painter is an artisan, although he may have the taste and skill of an artist. The occupation of the former requires a fine taste and delicate manipulation; that of the latter demands only an ordinary degree of contrivance and imitative power. An artificer is one who requires power of contrivance and adaptation in the exercise of his profession. The word suggest neither the idea of mechanical conformity to rule which attaches to the term artisan, nor the ideas of refinement and of peculiar skill which belong to the term artist.

ARTIST Art"ist, n. Etym: [F. artiste, LL. artista, fr. L. ars. See Art, n., and cf. Artiste.]

1. One who practices some mechanic art or craft; an artisan. [Obs.] How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast, Instruct the articles and reward their. Waller.

2. One who professes and practices an art in which science and taste preside over the manual execution.

Note: The term is particularly applied to painters, sculptors, musicians, engravers, and architects. Elmes.

3. One who shows trained skill or rare taste in any manual art or occupation. Pope.

4. An artful person; a schemer. [Obs.]

Syn.
 — Artisan. See Artisan.

ARTISTE
Ar*tiste", n. Etym: [F. See Artist.]

Defn: One peculiarly dexterous and tasteful in almost any employment, as an opera dancer, a hairdresser, a cook.

Note: This term should not be confounded with the English word artist.

ARTISTIC; ARTISTICAL
Ar*tis"tic, Ar*tis"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. artistique, fr. artiste.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to art or to artists; made in the manner of an
artist; conformable to art; characterized by art; showing taste or
skill.
 — Ar*tis"tic*al*ly, adv.

ARTISTRY
Art"ist*ry, n.

1. Works of art collectively.

2. Artistic effect or quality. Southey.

3. Artistic pursuits; artistic ability. The Academy.

ARTLESS
Art"less, a.

1. Wanting art, knowledge, or skill; ignorant; unskillful. Artless of stars and of the moving sand. Dryden.

2. Contrived without skill or art; inartistic. [R.] Artless and massy pillars. T. Warton.

3. Free from guile, art, craft, or stratagem; characterized by simplicity and sincerity; sincere; guileless; ingenuous; honest; as, an artless mind; an artless tale. They were plain, artless men, without the least appearance of enthusiasm or credulity about them. Porteus. O, how unlike the complex works of man, Heaven's easy, artless, unencumbered plan! Cowper.

Syn. — Simple; unaffected; sincere; undesigning; guileless; unsophisticated; open; frank; candid.

ARTLESSLY
Art"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In an artless manner; without art, skill, or guile; unaffectedly. Pope.

ARTLESSNESS
Art"less*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being artless, or void of art or guile; simplicity; sincerity.

ARTLY
Art"ly, adv.

Defn: With art or skill. [Obs.]

ARTOCARPEOUS; ARTOCARPOUS
Ar`to*car"pe*ous, Ar`to*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the breadfruit, or to the genus Artocarpus.

ARTOTYPE
Ar"to*type, n. Etym: [Art + type.]

Defn: A kind of autotype.

ARTOTYRITE
Ar`to*ty"rite, n. Etym: [LL. Artotyritae, pl., fr. Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect in the primitive church, who celebrated the Lord's Supper with bread and cheese, alleging that the first oblations of men not only of the fruit of the earth, but of their flocks. [Gen. iv. 3, 4.]

ARTOW
Ar"tow.

Defn: A contraction of art thou. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ARTSMAN
Arts"man, n.

Defn: A man skilled in an art or in arts. [Obs.] Bacon.

ART UNION
Art` un"ion.

Defn: An association for promoting art (esp. the arts of design), and giving encouragement to artists.

ARUM
A"rum, n. Etym: [L. arum, aros, Gr.

Defn: A genus of plants found in central Europe and about the
Mediterranean, having flowers on a spadix inclosed in a spathe. The
cuckoopint of the English is an example.
Our common arums the lords and ladies of village children. Lubbock.

Note: The American "Jack in the pulpit" is now separated from the genus Arum.

ARUNDELIAN
Ar`un*del"ian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an Earl of Arundel; as, Arundel or Arundelian marbles, marbles from ancient Greece, bought by the Earl of Arundel in 1624.

ARUNDIFEROUS Ar`un*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. arundifer; arundo reed + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing reeds or canes.

ARUNDINACEOUS
A*run`di*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. arundinaceus, fr. arundo reed.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or cane.

ARUNDINEOUS
Ar`un*din"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. arundineus, fr. arundo reed.]

Defn: Abounding with reeds; reedy.

ARUSPEX
A*rus"pex, n.; pl. Aruspices. Etym: [L. aruspex or haruspex.]

Defn: One of the class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans, who foretold events by the inspection of the entrails of victims offered on the altars of the gods.

ARUSPICE
A*rus"pice, n. Etym: [L. aruspex: cf. F. aruspice. Cf. Aruspex,
Haruspice.]

Defn: A soothsayer of ancient Rome. Same as Aruspex. [Written also haruspice.]

ARUSPICY
A*rus"pi*cy, n. Etym: [L. aruspicium, haruspicium.]

Defn: Prognostication by inspection of the entrails of victims slain sacrifice.

ARVAL Ar"val, n. Etym: [W. arwyl funeral; ar over + wylo to weep, or cf. arföl; Icel. arfr inheritance + Sw. öl ale. Cf. Bridal.]

Defn: A funeral feast. [North of Eng.] Grose.

ARVICOLE
Ar"vi*cole, n. Etym: [L. arvum field + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mouse of the genus Arvicola; the meadow mouse. There are many species.

ARYAN Ar"yan, n. Etym: [Skr. arya excellent, honorable; akin to the name of the country Iran, and perh. to Erin, Ireland, and the early name of this people, at least in Asia.]

1. One of a primitive people supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia, east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo

2. The language of the original Aryans. [Written also Arian.]

ARYAN
Ar"yan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the people called Aryans; Indo-European;
Indo-Germanic; as, the Aryan stock, the Aryan languages.

ARYANIZE
Ar"yan*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make Aryan (a language, or in language). K. Johnston.

ARYTENOID
A*ryt"e*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Ladle-shaped; — applied to two small cartilages of the larynx, and also to the glands, muscles, etc., connected with them. The cartilages are attached to the cricoid cartilage and connected with the vocal cords.

AS As, adv. & conj. Etym: [OE. as, als, alse, also, al swa, AS. eal swa, lit. all so; hence, quite so, quite as: cf. G. als as, than, also so, then. See Also.]

1. Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner; like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in which or to which; equally; no less than; as, ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap as you sow; do as you are bidden. His spiritual attendants adjured him, as he loved his soul, to emancipate his brethren. Macaulay.

Note: As is often preceded by one of the antecedent or correlative words such, same, so, or as, in expressing an equality or comparison; as, give us such things as you please, and so long as you please, or as long as you please; he is not so brave as Cato; she is as amiable as she is handsome; come as quickly as possible. "Bees appear fortunately to prefer the same colors as we do." Lubbock. As, in a preceding part of a sentence, has such or so to answer correlatively to it; as with the people, so with the priest.

2. In the idea, character, or condition of, — limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; as, virtue considered as virtue; this actor will appear as Hamlet. The beggar is greater as a man, than is the man merely as a king. Dewey.

3. While; during or at the same time that; when; as, he trembled as he spoke. As I return I will fetch off these justices. Shak.

4. Because; since; it being the case that. As the population of Scotland had been generally trained to arms . . . they were not indifferently prepared. Sir W. Scott. [See Synonym under Because.]

5. Expressing concession. (Often approaching though in meaning). We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it may be, which this work has excited. Macaulay.

6. That, introducing or expressing a result or consequence, after the correlatives so and such. [Obs.] I can place thee in such abject state, as help shall never find thee. Rowe. So as, so that. [Obs.] The relations are so uncertain as they require a great deal of examination. Bacon.

7. As if; as though. [Obs. or Poetic] He lies, as he his bliss did know. Waller.

8. For instance; by way of example; thus; — used to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations.

9. Than. [Obs. & R.] The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them as they free to deal affronts to others their superiors. Fuller.

10. Expressing a wish. [Obs.] "As have," i. e., may he have. Chaucer.
As . . . as. See So . . . as, under So.
 — As far as, to the extent or degree. "As far as can be
ascertained." Macaulay.
 — As far forth as, as far as. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 — As for, or As to, in regard to; with respect to.
 — As good as, not less than; not falling short of.
 — As good as one's word, faithful to a promise.
 — As if, or As though, of the same kind, or in the same condition
or manner, that it would be if.
 — As it were (as if it were), a qualifying phrase used to apologize
for or to relieve some expression which might be regarded as
inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner.
 — As now, just now. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 — As swythe, as quickly as possible. [Obs.] Chaucer.
 — As well, also; too; besides. Addison.
 — As well as, equally with, no less than. "I have understanding as
well as you." Job xii. 3.
 — As yet, until now; up to or at the present time; still; now.

AS
As, n. Etym: [See Ace.]

Defn: An ace. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ambes-as, double aces.

AS
As, n.; pl. Asses. Etym: [L. as. See Ace.]

1. A Roman weight, answering to the libra or pound, equal to nearly eleven ounces Troy weight. It was divided into twelve ounces.

2. A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound weight (12 oz.); but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to half an ounce.

ASA As"a, n. Etym: [NL. asa, of oriental origin; cf. Per. aza mastic, Ar. asa healing, isa remedy.]

Defn: An ancient name of a gum.

ASAFETIDA; ASAFOETIDA
As`a*fet"i*da, As`a*foet"i*da, n. Etym: [Asa + L. foetidus fetid.]

Defn: The fetid gum resin or inspissated juice of a large umbelliferous plant (Ferula asafoetida) of Persia and the East India. It is used in medicine as an antispasmodic. [Written also assafoetida.]

ASAPHUS
As"a*phus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of trilobites found in the Lower Silurian formation.
See Illust. in Append.

ASARABACCA
As`a*ra*bac"ca, n. Etym: [L. asarum + bacca a berry. See Asarone.]
(Bot.)

Defn: An acrid herbaceous plant (Asarum Europæum), the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic. It is principally used in cephalic snuffs.

ASARONE
As"a*rone, n. Etym: [L. asarum hazelwort, wild spikenard, Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A crystallized substance, resembling camphor, obtained from the
Asarum Europæum; — called also camphor of asarum.

ASBESTIC
As*bes"tic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling asbestus; inconsumable; asbestine.

ASBESTIFORM
As*bes"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. asbestus + -form.]

Defn: Having the form or structure of asbestus.

ASBESTINE
As*bes"tine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature; incombustible; asbestic.

ASBESTOUS
As*bes"tous, a.

Defn: Asbestic.

ASBESTUS; ASBESTOS As*bes"tus, As*bes"tos, n. Etym: [L. asbestos (NL. asbestus) a kind of mineral unaffected by fire, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of amphibole or of pyroxene, occurring in long and delicate fibers, or in fibrous masses or seams, usually of a white, gray, or green-gray color. The name is also given to a similar variety of serpentine.

Note: The finer varieties have been wrought into gloves and cloth which are incombustible. The cloth was formerly used as a shroud for dead bodies, and has been recommended for firemen's clothes. Asbestus in also employed in the manufacture of iron safes, for fireproof roofing, and for lampwicks. Some varieties are called amianthus. Dana.

ASBOLIN
As"bo*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar acrid and bitter oil, obtained from wood soot.

ASCARIASIS
As`ca*ri"a*sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. an intestinal worm.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease, usually accompanied by colicky pains and diarrhea, caused by the presence of ascarids in the gastrointestinal canal.

ASCARID
As"ca*rid, n.; pl. Ascarides or Ascarids. Etym: [NL. ascaris, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A parasitic nematoid worm, espec. the roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, often occurring in the human intestine and allied species found in domestic animals; also commonly applied to the pinworm (Oxyuris), often troublesome to children and aged persons.

ASCEND
As*cend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ascended; p. pr. & vb. n. Ascending.]
Etym: [L. ascendere; ad + scandere to climb, mount. See Scan.]

1. To move upward; to mount; to go up; to rise; — opposed to Ant:
descend.
Higher yet that star ascends. Bowring.
I ascend unto my father and your father. John xx. 17.

Note: Formerly used with up.
The smoke of it ascended up to heaven. Addison.

2. To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, from modern to ancient times, from one note to another more acute, etc.; as, our inquiries ascend to the remotest antiquity; to ascend to our first progenitor.

Syn.
 — To rise; mount; climb; scale; soar; tower.

ASCEND
As*cend", v. t.

Defn: To go or move upward upon or along; to climb; to mount; to go up the top of; as, to ascend a hill, a ladder, a tree, a river, a throne.

ASCENDABLE
As*cend"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ascended.

ASCENDANCY; ASCENDANCE
As*cend"an*cy, As*cend"ance, n.

Defn: Same as Ascendency.

ASCENDANT As*cend"ant, n. Etym: [F. ascendant, L. ascendens; p. pr. of ascendere.]

1. Ascent; height; elevation. [R.] Sciences that were then in their highest ascendant. Temple.

2. (Astrol.)

Defn: The horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the moment of one's birth; supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's life and fortune.

Note: Hence the phrases To be in the ascendant, to have commanding power or influence, and Lord of the ascendant, one who has possession of such power or influence; as, to rule, for a while, lord of the ascendant. Burke.

3. Superiority, or commanding influence; ascendency; as, one man has the ascendant over another. Chievres had acquired over the mind of the young monarch the ascendant not only of a tutor, but of a parent. Robertson.

4. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy or degrees of kindred; a relative in the ascending line; a progenitor; — opposed to descendant. Ayliffe.

ASCENDANT; ASCENDENT
As*cend"ant, As*cend"ent, a.

1. Rising toward the zenith; above the horizon. The constellation . . . about that time ascendant. Browne.

2. Rising; ascending. Ruskin.

3. Superior; surpassing; ruling. An ascendant spirit over him. South. The ascendant community obtained a surplus of wealth. J. S. Mill. Without some power of persuading or confuting, of defending himself against accusations, . . . no man could possibly hold an ascendent position. Grote.

ASCENDENCY
As*cend"en*cy, n.

Defn: Governing or controlling influence; domination; power.
An undisputed ascendency. Macaulay.
Custom has an ascendency over the understanding. Watts.

Syn. — Control; authority; influence; sway; dominion; prevalence; domination.

ASCENDIBLE
As*cend"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. ascendibilis.]

Defn: Capable of being ascended; climbable.

ASCENDING
As*cend"ing, a.

Defn: Rising; moving upward; as, an ascending kite. — As*cend"ing*ly, adv. Ascending latitude (Astron.), the increasing latitude of a planet. Ferguson. — Ascending line (Geneol.), the line of relationship traced backward or through one's ancestors. One's father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, etc., are in the line direct ascending. — Ascending node having, that node of the moon or a planet wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. It is also called the northern node. Herschel. — Ascending series. (Math.) (a) A series arranged according to the ascending powers of a quantity. (b) A series in which each term is greater than the preceding. — Ascending signs, signs east of the meridian.

ASCENSION
As*cen"sion, n. Etym: [F. ascension, L. ascensio, fr. ascendere. See
Ascend.]

1. The act of ascending; a rising; ascent.

2. Specifically: The visible ascent of our Savior on the fortieth day after his resurrection. (Acts i. 9.) Also, Ascension Day.

3. An ascending or arising, as in distillation; also that which arises, as from distillation. Vaporous ascensions from the stomach. Sir T. Browne. Ascension Day, the Thursday but one before Whitsuntide, the day on which commemorated our Savior's ascension into heaven after his resurrection; — called also Holy Thursday. — Right ascension (Astron.), that degree of the equinoctial, counted from the beginning of Aries, which rises with a star, or other celestial body, in a right sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the meridian with the star; — expressed either in degrees or in time. — Oblique ascension (Astron.), an arc of the equator, intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator which rises together with a star, in an oblique sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the horizon with a star. It is little used in modern astronomy.

ASCENSIONAL
As*cen"sion*al, a.

Defn: Relating to ascension; connected with ascent; ascensive; tending upward; as, the ascensional power of a balloon. Ascensional difference (Astron.), the difference between oblique and right ascension; — used chiefly as expressing the difference between the time of the rising or setting of a body and six o'clock, or six hours from its meridian passage.

ASCENSIVE
As*cen"sive, a. Etym: [See Ascend.]

1. Rising; tending to rise, or causing to rise. Owen.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Augmentative; intensive. Ellicott.

ASCENT As*cent". Etym: [Formed like descent, as if from a F. ascente, fr. a verb ascendre, fr. L. ascendere. See Ascend, Descent.]

1. The act of rising; motion upward; rise; a mounting upward; as, he made a tedious ascent; the ascent of vapors from the earth. To him with swift ascent he up returned. Milton.

2. The way or means by which one ascends.

3. An eminence, hill, or high place. Addison.

4. The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line; inclination; rising grade; as, a road has an ascent of five degrees.

ASCERTAIN
As`cer*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ascertained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ascertaining.] Etym: [OF. acertener; a (L. ad) + certain. See
Certain.]

1. To render (a person) certain; to cause to feel certain; to make confident; to assure; to apprise. [Obs.] When the blessed Virgin was so ascertained. Jer. Taylor. Muncer assured them that the design was approved of by Heaven, and that the Almighty had in a dream ascertained him of its effects. Robertson.

2. To make (a thing) certain to the mind; to free from obscurity, doubt, or change; to make sure of; to fix; to determine. [Archaic] The divine law . . . ascertaineth the truth. Hooker. The very deferring [of his execution] shall increase and ascertain the condemnation. Jer. Taylor. The ministry, in order to ascertain a majority . . . persuaded the queen to create twelve new peers. Smollett. The mildness and precision of their laws ascertained the rule and measure of taxation. Gibbon.

3. To find out or learn for a certainty, by trial, examination, or experiment; to get to know; as, to ascertain the weight of a commodity, or the purity of a metal. He was there only for the purpose of ascertaining whether a descent on England was practicable. Macaulay.

ASCERTAINABLE
As`cer*tain"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be ascertained.
 — As`cer*tain"a*ble*ness, n.
 — As`cer*tain"a*bly, adv.

ASCERTAINER
As`cer*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who ascertains.

ASCERTAINMENT
As`cer*tain"ment, n.

Defn: The act of ascertaining; a reducing to certainty; a finding out by investigation; discovery. The positive ascertainment of its limits. Burke.

ASCESSANCY; ASCESSANT
As*ces"san*cy, n. As*ces"sant, a.

Defn: See Acescency, Acescent. [Obs.]

ASCETIC
As*cet"ic a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Extremely rigid in self-denial and devotions; austere; severe.
The stern ascetic rigor of the Temple discipline. Sir W. Scott.

ASCETIC
As*cet"ic, n.

Defn: In the early church, one who devoted himself to a solitary and contemplative life, characterized by devotion, extreme self-denial, and self-mortification; a hermit; a recluse; hence, one who practices extreme rigor and self-denial in religious things. I am far from commending those ascetics that take up their quarters in deserts. Norris. Ascetic theology, the science which treats of the practice of the theological and moral virtues, and the counsels of perfection. Am. Cyc.

ASCETICISM
As*cet"i*cism, n.

Defn: The condition, practice, or mode of life, of ascetics.

ASCHAM As"cham, n. Etym: [From Roger Ascham, who was a great lover of archery.]

Defn: A sort of cupboard, or case, to contain bows and other implements of archery.

ASCI
As"ci, n. pl.

Defn: See Ascus.

ASCIAN
As"cian, n.

Defn: One of the Ascii.

ASCIDIAN
As*cid"i*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Ascidioidea, or in a more general sense, one of the
Tunicata. Also as an adj.

ASCIDIARIUM
As*cid`i*a"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Ascidium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The structure which unites together the ascidiozooids in a compound ascidian.

ASCIDIFORM
As*cid"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shaped like an ascidian.

ASCIDIOIDEA
As*cid`i*oid"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. ascidium + -oid. See
Ascidium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Tunicata, often shaped like a two-necked bottle. The group includes, social, and compound species. The gill is a netlike structure within the oral aperture. The integument is usually leathery in texture. See Illustration in Appendix.

ASCIDIOZOOID
As*cid`i*o*zo"oid, n. Etym: [Ascidium + zooid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the individual members of a compound ascidian. See
Ascidioidea.

ASCIDIUM
As*cid"i*um, n.; pl. Ascidia. Etym: [NL., fr. ascus. See Ascus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A pitcher-shaped, or flask-shaped, organ or appendage of a plant, as the leaves of the pitcher plant, or the little bladderlike traps of the bladderwort (Utricularia).

2. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of simple ascidians, which formerly included most of the known species. It is sometimes used as a name for the Ascidioidea, or for all the Tunicata.

ASCIGEROUS
As*cig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Ascus + -gerous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having asci. Loudon.

ASCII; ASCIANS
As"ci*i, As"cians, n. pl. Etym: [L. ascii, pl. of ascius, Gr.

Defn: Persons who, at certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; — applied to the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, a vertical sun.

ASCITES
As*ci"tes, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A collection of serous fluid in the cavity of the abdomen; dropsy of the peritoneum. Dunglison.

ASCITIC; ASCITICAL
As*cit"ic, As*cit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or affected by, ascites; dropsical.

ASCITITIOUS
As`ci*ti"tious, a. Etym: [See Adscititious.]

Defn: Supplemental; not inherent or original; adscititious; additional; assumed. Homer has been reckoned an ascititious name. Pope.

ASCLEPIAD
As*cle"pi*ad, n. (Gr. & L. Pros.)

Defn: A choriambic verse, first used by the Greek poet Asclepias, consisting of four feet, viz., a spondee, two choriambi, and an iambus.

ASCLEPIADACEOUS
As*cle`pi*a*da"ceous, a. Etym: [See Asclepias.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the Milkweed family.

ASCLEPIAS
As*cle"pi*as, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Asclepios or Aesculapius.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the milkweed, swallowwort, and some other species having medicinal properties. Asclepias butterfly (Zoöl.), a large, handsome, red and black butterfly (Danais Archippus), found in both hemispheres. It feeds on plants of the genus Asclepias.

ASCOCARP
As"co*carp, n. [Gr. 'asko`s a bladder + karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.)

Defn: In ascomycetous fungi, the spherical, discoid, or cup-shaped body within which the asci are collected, and which constitutes the mature fructification. The different forms are known in mycology under distinct names. Called also spore fruit.

ASCOCOCCUS
As`co*coc"cus, n.; pl. Ascococci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A form of micrococcus, found in putrid meat infusions, occurring in peculiar masses, each of which is inclosed in a hyaline capsule and contains a large number of spherical micrococci.

ASCOMYCETES
As`co*my*ce"tes, n. pl. [NL.; ascus + Gr. , , fungus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large class of higher fungi distinguished by septate hyphæ, and by having their spores formed in asci, or spore sacs. It comprises many orders, among which are the yeasts, molds, mildews, truffles, morels, etc. — As`co*my*ce"tous (#), a.

ASCOSPORE
As"co*spore, n. Etym: [Ascus + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the spores contained in the asci of lichens and fungi.
[See Illust. of Ascus.]

ASCRIBABLE
As*crib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ascribed; attributable.

ASCRIBE
As*cribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ascribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ascribing.]
Etym: [L. ascribere, adscribere, to ascribe; ad + scribere to write:
cf. OF. ascrire. See Scribe.]

1. To attribute, impute, or refer, as to a cause; as, his death was ascribed to a poison; to ascribe an effect to the right cause; to ascribe such a book to such an author. The finest [speech] that is ascribed to Satan in the whole poem. Addison.

2. To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance; to consider or allege to belong.

Syn. — To Ascribe, Attribute, Impute. Attribute denotes, 1. To refer some quality or attribute to a being; as, to attribute power to God. 2. To refer something to its cause or source; as, to attribute a backward spring to icebergs off the coast. Ascribe is used equally in both these senses, but involves a different image. To impute usually denotes to ascribe something doubtful or wrong, and hence, in general literature, has commonly a bad sense; as, to impute unworthy motives. The theological sense of impute is not here taken into view. More than good-will to me attribute naught. Spenser. Ascribes his gettings to his parts and merit. Pope. And fairly quit him of the imputed blame. Spenser.

ASCRIPT
As"cript, a.

Defn: See Adscript. [Obs.]

ASCRIPTION
As*crip"tion, n. Etym: [L. ascriptio, fr. ascribere. See Ascribe.]

Defn: The act of ascribing, imputing, or affirming to belong; also, that which is ascribed.

ASCRIPTITIOUS
As`crip*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. ascriptitius, fr. ascribere.]

1. Ascribed.

2. Added; additional. [Obs.] An ascriptitious and supernumerary God. Farindon.

ASCUS
As"cus, n.; pl. Asci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A small membranous bladder or tube in which are inclosed the seedlike reproductive particles or sporules of lichens and certain fungi.

A-SEA
A-sea, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + sea.]

Defn: On the sea; at sea; toward the sea.

ASEMIA
A*se"mi*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. priv. + sign.] (Med.)

Defn: Loss of power to express, or to understand, symbols or signs of thought.

ASEPSIS
A*sep"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. priv. + sepsis.]

Defn: State of being aseptic; the methods or processes of asepticizing.

ASEPTIC
A*sep"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + septic.]

Defn: Not liable to putrefaction; nonputrescent.
 — n.

Defn: An aseptic substance.

ASEXUAL
A*sex"u*al, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + sexual.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having no distinct; without sexual action; as, asexual reproduction. See Fission and Gemmation.

ASEXUALIZATION
A*sex`u*al*i*za"tion, n. [Asexual + -ize + -ation.]

Defn: The act or process of sterilizing an animal or human being, as by vasectomy.

ASEXUALLY
A*sex"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an asexual manner; without sexual agency.

ASH Ash, n. Etym: [OE. asch, esh, AS. æsc; akin to OHG. asc, Sw. & Dan. ask, Icel. askr, D. esch, G. esche.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees of the Olive family, having opposite pinnate leaves, many of the species furnishing valuable timber, as the European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and the white ash (F. Americana). Prickly ash (Zanthoxylum Americanum) and Poison ash (Rhus venenata) are shrubs of different families, somewhat resembling the true ashes in their foliage. — Mountain ash. See Roman tree, and under Mountain.

2. The tough, elastic wood of the ash tree.

Note: Ash is used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound term; as, ash bud, ash wood, ash tree, etc.

ASH
Ash, n.,

Defn: sing. of Ashes.

Note: Ash is rarely used in the singular except in connection with chemical or geological products; as, soda ash, coal which yields a red ash, etc., or as a qualifying or combining word; as, ash bin, ash heap, ash hole, ash pan, ash pit, ash-grey, ash-colored, pearlash, potash. Bone ash, burnt powered; bone earth. — Volcanic ash. See under Ashes.

ASH
Ash, v. t.

Defn: To strew or sprinkle with ashes. Howell.

ASHAME A*shame, v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + shame: cf. AS. ascamian to shame (where a- is the same as Goth. us-, G. er-, and orig. meant out), gescamian, gesceamian, to shame.]

Defn: To shame. [R.] Barrow.

ASHAMED
A*shamed", a. Etym: [Orig. a p. p. of ashame, v. t.]

Defn: Affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt, or a conviction or consciousness of some wrong action or impropriety. "I am ashamed to beg." Wyclif. All that forsake thee shall be ashamed. Jer. xvii. 13. I began to be ashamed of sitting idle. Johnson. Enough to make us ashamed of our species. Macaulay. An ashamed person can hardly endure to meet the gaze of those present. Darwin.

Note: Ashamed seldom precedes the noun or pronoun it qualifies. By a Hebraism, it is sometimes used in the Bible to mean disappointed, or defeated.

ASHAMEDLY
A*sham"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Bashfully. [R.]

ASHANTEE
Ash`an*tee", n.; pl. Ashantees.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Ashantee in Western Africa.

ASHANTEE
Ash`an*tee", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ashantee.

ASH-COLORED
Ash"-col`ored, a.

Defn: Of the color of ashes; a whitish gray or brownish gray.

ASHEN
Ash"en, a. Etym: [See Ash, the tree.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ash tree. "Ashen poles." Dryden.

ASHEN
Ash"en, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, ashes; of a color between brown and gray, or white and gray. The ashen hue of age. Sir W. Scott.

ASHEN
Ash"en, n.,

Defn: obs. pl. for Ashes. Chaucer.

ASHERY
Ash"er*y, n.

1. A depository for ashes.

2. A place where potash is made.

ASHES
Ash"es, n. pl. Etym: [OE. asche, aske, AS. asce, æsce, axe; akin to
OHG. asca, G. asche, D. asch, Icel. & Sw. aska, Dan. aske, Goth.
azgo.]

1. The earthy or mineral particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion, as of wood or coal.

2. Specifically: The remains of the human body when burnt, or when "returned to dust" by natural decay. Their martyred blood and ashes sow. Milton. The coffins were broken open. The ashes were scattered to the winds. Macaulay.

3. The color of ashes; deathlike paleness. The lip of ashes, and the cheek of flame. Byron. In dust and ashes, In sackcloth and ashes, with humble expression of grief or repentance; — from the method of mourning in Eastern lands. — Volcanic ashes, or Volcanic ash, the loose, earthy matter, or small fragments of stone or lava, ejected by volcanoes.

ASH-FIRE
Ash"-fire, n.

Defn: A low fire used in chemical operations.

ASH-FURNACE; ASH-OVEN
Ash"-fur`nace, Ash"-ov`en, n.

Defn: A furnace or oven for fritting materials for glass making.

ASHINE
A*shine", a.

Defn: Shining; radiant.

ASHLAR; ASHLER
Ash"lar, Ash"ler, n. Etym: [OE. ascheler, achiler, OF. aiseler, fr.
aiselle, dim. of ais plank, fr. L. axis, assis, plank, axle. See
Axle.]

1. (Masonry) (a) Hewn or squared stone; also, masonry made of squared or hewn stone. Rough ashlar, a block of freestone as brought from the quarry. When hammer-dressed it is known as common ashlar. Knight.

(b) In the United States especially, a thin facing of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or brick. Knight.

ASHLARING; ASHLERING
Ash"lar*ing, Ash"ler*ing, n.

1. The act of bedding ashlar in mortar.

2. Ashlar when in thin slabs and made to serve merely as a case to the body of the wall. Brande & C.

3. (Carp.)

Defn: The short upright pieces between the floor beams and rafters in garrets. See Ashlar, 2.

ASHORE
A*shore", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + shore.]

Defn: On shore or on land; on the land adjacent to water; to the shore; to the land; aground (when applied to a ship); — sometimes opposed to aboard or afloat. Here shall I die ashore. Shak. I must fetch his necessaries ashore. Shak.

ASHTORETH
Ash"to*reth, n.; pl. Ashtaroth.

Defn: The principal female divinity of the Phoenicians, as Baal was the principal male divinity. W. Smith.

ASH WEDNESDAY
Ash` Wednes"day.

Defn: The first day of Lent; — so called from a custom in the Roman Catholic church of putting ashes, on that day, upon the foreheads of penitents.

ASHWEED Ash"weed`, n. (Bot.) Etym: [A corruption of ache-weed; F. ache. So named from the likeness of its leaves to those of ache (celery).]

Defn: Goutweed.

ASHY
Ash"y, a.

1. Pertaining to, or composed of, ashes; filled, or strewed with, ashes.

2. Ash-colored; whitish gray; deadly pale. Shak. Ashy pale, pale as ashes. Shak.

ASIAN
A"sian, a. Etym: [L. Asianus, Gr. Asia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. "Asian princes." Jer. Taylor. — n.

Defn: An Asiatic.

ASIARCH
A"si*arch, n. Etym: [L. Asiarcha, Gr.

Defn: One of the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the superintendence of the public games and religious rites. Milner.

ASIATIC
A`si*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. Asiaticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Asia or to its inhabitants.
 — n.

Defn: A native, or one of the people, of Asia.

ASIATICISM
A`si*at"i*cism, n.

Defn: Something peculiar to Asia or the Asiatics.

ASIDE
A*side", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + side.]

1. On, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart. Thou shalt set aside that which is full. 2 Kings iv. 4. But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king. Shak. The flames were blown aside. Dryden.

2. Out of one's thoughts; off; away; as, to put aside gloomy thoughts. "Lay aside every weight." Heb. xii. 1.

3. So as to be heard by others; privately. Then lords and ladies spake aside. Sir W. Scott. To set aside (Law), to annul or defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of the same or of a superior tribunal; to declare of no authority; as, to set aside a verdict or a judgment.

ASIDE
A*side", n.

Defn: Something spoken aside; as, a remark made by a stageplayer which the other players are not supposed to hear.

ASILUS
A*si"lus, n. Etym: [L., a gadfly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large and voracious two-winged flies, including the bee killer and robber fly.

ASINEGO; ASSINEGO
As`i*ne"go, As`si*ne"go, n. Etym: [Sp. asnico, dim. of asno an ass.]

Defn: A stupid fellow. [Obs.] Shak.

ASININE
As"i*nine, a. Etym: [L. asininus, fr. asinus ass. See Ass.]

Defn: Of or belonging to, or having the qualities of, the ass, as stupidity and obstinacy. "Asinine nature." B. Jonson. "Asinine feast." Milton.

ASININITY
As`i*nin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being asinine; stupidity combined with obstinacy.

ASIPHONATE
A*si"phon*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Destitute of a siphon or breathing tube; — said of many bivalve shells. — n.

Defn: An asiphonate mollusk.

ASIPHONEA; ASIPHONATA; ASIPHONIDA
As`i*pho"ne*a, A*si`pho*na"ta, As`i*phon"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of bivalve mollusks destitute of siphons, as the oyster; the asiphonate mollusks.

ASITIA
A*si"ti*a, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want of appetite; loathing of food.

ASK Ask, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asked; p. pr. & vb. n. Asking.] Etym: [OE. asken, ashen, axien, AS. ascian, acsian; akin to OS. escon, OHG. eiscon, Sw. aska, Dan. æske, D. eischen, G. heischen, Lith. jëskóti, OSlav. iskati to seek, Skr. ish to desire. *5.]

1. To request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; - - often with of, in the sense of from, before the person addressed. Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God. Judg. xviii. 5. If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you. John xv. 7.

2. To require, demand, claim, or expect, whether by way of remuneration or return, or as a matter of necessity; as, what price do you ask Ask me never so much dowry. Gen. xxxiv. 12. To whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more. Luke xii. 48. An exigence of state asks a much longer time to conduct a design to maturity. Addison.

3. To interrogate or inquire of or concerning; to put a question to
or about; to question.
He is of age; ask him: he shall speak for himself. John ix. 21.
He asked the way to Chester. Shak.

4. To invite; as, to ask one to an entertainment.

5. To publish in church for marriage; — said of both the banns and the persons. Fuller.

Syn. — To beg; request; seek; petition; solicit; entreat; beseech; implore; crave; require; demand; claim; exhibit; inquire; interrogate. See Beg.

ASK
Ask, v. i.

1. To request or petition; — usually folllowed by for; as, to ask for bread. Ask, and it shall be given you. Matt. vii. 7.

2. To make inquiry, or seek by request; — sometimes followed by after. Wherefore . . . dost ask after my name Gen. xxxii. 29.

ASK
Ask, n. Etym: [See 2d Asker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A water newt. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

ASKANCE; ASKANT A*skance", A*skant", adv. Etym: [Cf. D. schuin, schuins, sideways, schuiven to shove, schuinte slope. Cf. Asquint.]

Defn: Sideways; obliquely; with a side glance; with disdain, envy, or
suspicion.
They dart away; they wheel askance. Beattie.
My palfrey eyed them askance. Landor.
Both . . . were viewed askance by authority. Gladstone.

ASKANCE
A*skance", v. t.

Defn: To turn aside. [Poet.] O, how are they wrapped in with infamies That from their own misdeeds askance their eyes! Shak.

ASKER
Ask"er, n.

Defn: One who asks; a petitioner; an inquirer. Shak.

ASKER
Ask"er, n. Etym: [A corruption of AS. a lizard, newt.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An ask; a water newt. [Local Eng.]

ASKEW
A*skew", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + skew.]

Defn: Awry; askance; asquint; oblique or obliquely; — sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, or entry. Spenser.

ASKING
Ask"ing, n.

1. The act of inquiring or requesting; a petition; solicitation. Longfellow.

2. The publishing of banns.

ASLAKE
A*slake", v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. aslacian, slacian, to slacken. Cf.
Slake.]

Defn: To mitigate; to moderate; to appease; to abate; to diminish.
[Archaic] Chaucer.

ASLANT
A*slant", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + slant.]

Defn: Toward one side; in a slanting direction; obliquely.
[The shaft] drove through his neck aslant. Dryden.

ASLANT
A*slant", prep.

Defn: In a slanting direction over; athwart.
There is a willow grows aslant a brook. Shak.

ASLEEP
A*sleep", a. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + sleep.]

1. In a state of sleep; in sleep; dormant. Fast asleep the giant lay supine. Dryden. By whispering winds soon lulled asleep. Milton.

2. In the sleep of the grave; dead. Concerning them which are asleep . . . sorrow not, even as others which have no hope. 1 Thess. iv. 13.

3. Numbed, and, usually, tingling. Udall. Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb, and, as we call it, asleep. Bacon.

ASLOPE
A*slope", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + slope.]

Defn: Slopingly; aslant; declining from an upright direction; sloping. "Set them not upright, but aslope." Bacon.

ASLUG
A*slug", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + slug to move slowly.]

Defn: Sluggishly. [Obs.] Fotherby.

ASMEAR
A*smear", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + smear.]

Defn: Smeared over. Dickens.

ASMONEAN
As`mo*ne"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees belonged; Maccabean; as, the Asmonean dynasty. [Written also Asmonæan.]

ASMONEAN
As`mo*ne"an, n.

Defn: One of the Asmonean family. The Asmoneans were leaders and rulers of the Jews from 168 to 35 b. c.

ASOAK
A*soak", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + soak.]

Defn: Soaking.

ASOMATOUS
A*so"ma*tous, a. Etym: [L. asomatus, Gr.

Defn: Without a material body; incorporeal. Todd.

ASONANT
As"o*nant, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + sonant.]

Defn: Not sounding or sounded. [R.] C. C. Felton.

ASP
Asp, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Aspen. "Trembling poplar or asp." Martyn.

ASP
Asp, n. Etym: [L. aspis, fr. Gr. aspe, F. aspic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent countries, whose bite is often fatal. It is the Naja haje. The name is also applied to other poisonous serpents, esp. to Vipera aspis of southern Europe. See Haje.

ASPALATHUS As*pal"a*thus, n. Etym: [L. aspalathus, Gr. (Bot.) (a) A thorny shrub yielding a fragrant oil. Ecclus. xxiv. 15. (b) A genus of plants of the natural order Leguminosæ. The species are chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Hope.

ASPARAGINE
As*par"a*gine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. asparagine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, nitrogenous, crystallizable substance, C4H8N2O3+H2O, found in many plants, and first obtained from asparagus. It is believed to aid in the disposition of nitrogenous matter throughout the plant; — called also altheine.

ASPARAGINOUS
As`pa*rag"i*nous, a.

Defn: Pertaining or allied to, or resembling, asparagus; having shoots which are eaten like asparagus; as, asparaginous vegetables.

ASPARAGUS
As*par"a*gus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. prong, sprout, Pers. asparag,
Lith. spurgas sprout, Skr. sphurj to swell. Perh. the Greek borrowed
from the Persian. Cf. Sparrowgrass.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial plants belonging to the natural order Liliaceæ, and having erect much branched stems, and very slender branchlets which are sometimes mistaken for leaves. Asparagus racemosus is a shrubby climbing plant with fragrant flowers. Specifically: The Asparagus officinalis, a species cultivated in gardens.

2. The young and tender shoots of A. officinalis, which form a valuable and well-known article of food.

Note: This word was formerly pronounced sparrowgrass; but this pronunciation is now confined exclusively to uneducated people. Asparagus beetle (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Crioceris asparagi) injurious to asparagus.

ASPARTIC
As*par"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived, asparagine; as, aspartic acid.

ASPECT As"pect, n. Etym: [L. aspectus, fr. aspicere, aspectum, to look at; ad + spicere, specere, to look, akin to E. spy.]

1. The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance. [R.] "The basilisk killeth by aspect." Bacon. His aspect was bent on the ground. Sir W. Scott.

2. Look, or particular appearance of the face; countenance; mien; air. "Serious in aspect." Dryden. [Craggs] with aspect open shall erect his head. Pope.

3. Appearance to the eye or the mind; look; view. "The aspect of affairs." Macaulay. The true aspect of a world lying in its rubbish. T. Burnet.

4. Position or situation with regard to seeing; that position which enables one to look in a particular direction; position in relation to the points of the compass; as, a house has a southern aspect, that is, a position which faces the south.

5. Prospect; outlook. [Obs.] This town affords a good aspect toward the hill from whence we descended. Evelyn.

6. (Astrol.)

Defn: The situation of planets or stars with respect to one another, or the angle formed by the rays of light proceeding from them and meeting at the eye; the joint look of planets or stars upon each other or upon the earth. Milton.

Note: The aspects which two planets can assume are five; sextile,

7. (Astrol.)

Defn: The influence of the stars for good or evil; as, an ill aspect.
Shak.
The astrologers call the evil influences of the stars evil aspects.
Bacon. Aspect of a plane (Geom.), the direction of the plane.

ASPECT
As*pect", v. t. Etym: [L. aspectare, v. intens. of aspicere. See
Aspect, n.]

Defn: To behold; to look at. [Obs.]

ASPECTABLE
As*pect"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. aspectabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being; visible. "The aspectable world." Ray.
"Aspectable stars." Mrs. Browning.

ASPECTANT
As*pect"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Facing each other.

ASPECTED
As*pect"ed, a.

Defn: Having an aspect. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ASPECTION
As*pec"tion, n. Etym: [L. aspectio, fr. aspicere to look at.]

Defn: The act of viewing; a look. [Obs.]

ASPECT RATIO
Aspect ratio. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The ratio of the long to the short side of an aëroplane, aërocurve, or wing.

ASPEN; ASP
Asp"en, Asp, n. Etym: [AS. æsp, æps; akin to OHG. aspa, Icel. ösp,
Dan. æsp, Sw. asp, D. esp, G. espe, äspe, aspe; cf. Lettish apsa,
Lith. apuszis.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of several species of poplar bearing this name, especially the Populus tremula, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air.

ASPEN
Asp"en, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it; made of aspen
wood.
Nor aspen leaves confess the gentlest breeze. Gay.

ASPER
As"per, a. Etym: [OE. aspre, OF. aspre, F. âpre, fr. L. asper rough.]

Defn: Rough; rugged; harsh; bitter; stern; fierce. [Archaic] "An asper sound." Bacon.

ASPER
As"per, n. Etym: [L. spiritus asper rough breathing.] (Greek Gram.)

Defn: The rough breathing; a mark placed over an initial vowel sound or over h before it; thus hws, pronounced h, hrj'twr, pronounced hra\'b6t.

ASPER
As"per, n. Etym: [F. aspre or It. aspro, fr. MGr.

Defn: A Turkish money of account (formerly a coin), of little value; the 120th part of a piaster.

ASPERATE
As"per*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asperated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Asperating.] Etym: [L. asperatus, p. p. of asperare, fr. asper
rough.]

Defn: To make rough or uneven.
The asperated part of its surface. Boyle.

ASPERATION
As`per*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of asperating; a making or becoming rough. Bailey.

ASPERGES As*per"ges, n. Etym: [L., Thou shalt sprinkle.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) The service or ceremony of sprinkling with holy water. (b) The brush or instrument used in sprinkling holy water; an aspergill.

ASPERGILL; ASPERGILLUM As"per*gill, As`per*gil"lum, n. Etym: [LL. aspergillum, fr. L. aspergere. See Asperse, v. t.]

1. The brush used in the Roman Catholic church for sprinkling holy water on the people. [Also written aspergillus.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Wateringpot shell.

ASPERGILLIFORM
As`per*gil"li*form, a. Etym: [Aspergillum + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling the aspergillum in form; as, an aspergilliform stigma. Gray.

ASPERIFOLIATE; ASPERIFOLIOUS As`per*i*fo"li*ate, As`per*i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. asper rough + folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having rough leaves.

Note: By some applied to the natural order now called Boraginaceæ or borageworts.

ASPERITY As*per"i*ty, n.; pl. Asperities. Etym: [L. asperitas, fr. asper rough: cf. F. aspérité.]

1. Roughness of surface; unevenness; — opposed to smoothness. "The asperities of dry bodies." Boyle.

2. Roughness or harshness of sound; that quality which grates upon the ear; raucity.

3. Roughness to the taste; sourness; tartness.

4. Moral roughness; roughness of manner; severity; crabbedness; harshness; — opposed to mildness. "Asperity of character." Landor. It is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received. Johnson.

5. Sharpness; disagreeableness; difficulty. The acclivities and asperities of duty. Barrow.

Syn.
 — Acrimony; moroseness; crabbedness; harshness; sourness; tartness.
See Acrimony.

ASPERMATOUS
A*sper"ma*tous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Aspermous.

ASPERMOUS
A*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of seeds; aspermatous.

ASPERNE
A*sperne", v. t. Etym: [L. aspernari; a (ab) + spernari.]

Defn: To spurn; to despise. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

ASPEROUS
As"per*ous, a. Etym: [See Asper, a.]

Defn: Rough; uneven. Boyle.

ASPERSE
As*perse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aspersed; p. pr. & vb. n. Aspersing.]
Etym: [L. aspersus, p. p. of aspergere to scatter, sprinkle; ad +
spargere to strew. See Sparse.]

1. To sprinkle, as water or dust, upon anybody or anything, or to besprinkle any one with a liquid or with dust. Heywood.

2. To bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges; to tarnish in point of reputation or good name; to slander or calumniate; as, to asperse a poet or his writings; to asperse a man's character. With blackest crimes aspersed. Cowper.

Syn. — To slander; defame; detract from; calumniate; vilify. — To Asperse, Defame, Slander, Calumniate. These words have in common the idea of falsely assailing the character of another. To asperse is figuratively to cast upon a character hitherto unsullied the imputation of blemishes or faults which render it offensive or loathsome. To defame is to detract from a man's honor and reputation by charges calculated to load him with infamy. Slander (etymologically the same as scandal) and calumniate, from the Latin, have in common the sense of circulating reports to a man's injury from unworthy or malicious motives. Men asperse their neighbors by malignant insinuations; they defame by advancing charges to blacken or sully their fair fame; they slander or calumniate by spreading injurious reports which are false, or by magnifying slight faults into serious errors or crimes.

ASPERSED
As*persed", a.

1. (Her.)

Defn: Having an indefinite number of small charges scattered or strewed over the surface. Cussans.

2. Bespattered; slandered; calumniated. Motley.

ASPERSER
As*pers"er, n.

Defn: One who asperses; especially, one who vilifies another.

ASPERSION
As*per"sion, n. Etym: [L. aspersio, fr. aspergere: cf. F. aspersion.]

1. A sprinkling, as with water or dust, in a literal sense. Behold an immersion, not and aspersion. Jer. Taylor.

2. The spreading of calumniations reports or charges which tarnish reputation, like the bespattering of a body with foul water; calumny. Every candid critic would be ashamed to cast wholesale aspersions on the entire body of professional teachers. Grote. Who would by base aspersions blot thy virtue. Dryden.

ASPERSIVE
As*pers"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to asperse; defamatory; slanderous.
 — As*pers"ive*ly, adv.

ASPERSOIR
As`per`soir", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An aspergill.

ASPERSORIUM
As`per*so"ri*um, n.; pl. Aspplwsoria. Etym: [LL. See Asperse.]

1. The stoup, basin, or other vessel for holy water in Roman Catholic churches.

2. A brush for sprinkling holy water; an aspergill.

ASPHALT; ASPHALTUM
As"phalt, As*phal"tum, n. Etym: [Gr. asphalte.]

1. Mineral pitch, Jews' pitch, or compact native bitumen. It is brittle, of a black or brown color and high luster on a surface of fracture; it melts and burns when heated, leaving no residue. It occurs on the surface and shores of the Dead Sea, which is therefore called Asphaltites, or the Asphaltic Lake. It is found also in many parts of Asia, Europe, and America. See Bitumen.

2. A composition of bitumen, pitch, lime, and gravel, used for forming pavements, and as a water-proof cement for bridges, roofs, etc.; asphaltic cement. Artificial asphalt is prepared from coal tar, lime, sand, etc. Asphalt stone, Asphalt rock, a limestone found impregnated with asphalt.

ASPHALT
As"phalt, v. t.

Defn: To cover with asphalt; as, to asphalt a roof; asphalted streets.

ASPHALTE
As`phalte", n. Etym: [F. See Asphalt.]

Defn: Asphaltic mastic or cement. See Asphalt, 2.

ASPHALTIC
As*phal"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or containing, asphalt; bituminous. "Asphaltic pool." "Asphaltic slime." Milton.

ASPHALTITE
As*phal"tite, a.

Defn: Asphaltic.

ASPHALTITE
As*phal"tite, a.

Defn: Asphaltic. Bryant.

ASPHALTUS
As*phal"tus, n.

Defn: See Asphalt.

ASPHODEL
As"pho*del, n. Etym: [L. asphodelus, Gr. Daffodil.] (Bot.)

Defn: A general name for a plant of the genus Asphodelus. The asphodels are hardy perennial plants, several species of which are cultivated for the beauty of their flowers.

Note: The name is also popularly given to species of other genera.
The asphodel of the early English and French poets was the daffodil.
The asphodel of the Greek poets is supposed to be the Narcissus
poeticus. Dr. Prior.
Pansies, and violets, and asphodel. Milton.

ASPHYCTIC
As*phyc"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to asphyxia.

ASPHYXIA; ASPHYXY
As*phyx"i*a, As*phyx"y, n. Etym: [NL. asphyxia, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Apparent death, or suspended animation; the condition which results from interruption of respiration, as in suffocation or drowning, or the inhalation of irrespirable gases.

ASPHYXIAL
As*phyx"i*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to asphyxia; as, asphyxial phenomena.

ASPHYXIATE
As*phyx"i*ate, v. t.

Defn: To bring to a state of asphyxia; to suffocate.

Note: [Used commonly in the past pple.]

ASPHYXIATED; ASPHYXIED
As*phyx"i*a`ted, As*phyx"ied, p. p.

Defn: In a state of asphyxia; suffocated.

ASPHYXIATION
As*phyx`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of causing asphyxia; a state of asphyxia.

ASPIC
As"pic, n. Etym: [F. See Asp.]

1. The venomous asp. [Chiefly poetic] Shak. Tennyson.

2. A piece of ordnance carrying a 12 pound shot. [Obs.]

ASPIC As"pic, n. Etym: [F., a corrupt. of spic (OF. espi, F. épi), L. spica (spicum, spicus), ear, spike. See Spike.]

Defn: A European species of lavender (Lavandula spica), which produces a volatile oil. See Spike.

ASPIC
As"pic, n. Etym: [F., prob. fr. aspic an asp.]

Defn: A savory meat jelly containing portions of fowl, game, fish, hard boiled eggs, etc. Thackeray.

ASPIDOBRANCHIA
As`pi*do*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Gastropoda, with limpetlike shells, including the abalone shells and keyhole limpets.

ASPIRANT
As*pir"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. aspirant, p. pr. of aspirer. See
Aspire.]

Defn: Aspiring.

ASPIRANT
As*pir"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aspirant.]

Defn: One who aspires; one who eagerly seeks some high position or
object of attainment.
In consequence of the resignations . . . the way to greatness was
left clear to a new set of aspirants. Macaulay.

ASPIRATE
As"pi*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aspirated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aspirating.] Etym: [L. aspiratus, p. p. of aspirare to breathe toward
or upon, to add the breathing h; ad + spirare to breathe, blow. Cf.
Aspire.]

Defn: To pronounce with a breathing, an aspirate, or an h sound; as, we aspirate the words horse and house; to aspirate a vowel or a liquid consonant.

ASPIRATE
As"pi*rate, n.

1. A sound consisting of, or characterized by, a breath like the sound of h; the breathing h or a character representing such a sound; an aspirated sound.

2. A mark of aspiration used in Greek; the asper, or rough breathing. Bentley.

3. An elementary sound produced by the breath alone; a surd, or nonvocal consonant; as, f, th in thin, etc.

ASPIRATE; ASPIRATED
As"pi*rate, As"pi*ra"ted, a. Etym: [L. aspiratus, p. p.]

Defn: Pronounced with the h sound or with audible breath.
But yet they are not aspirate, i. e., with such an aspiration as h.
Holder.

ASPIRATION As`pi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. aspiratio, fr. aspirare: cf. F. aspiration.]

1. The act of aspirating; the pronunciation of a letter with a full or strong emission of breath; an aspirated sound. If aspiration be defined to be an impetus of breathing. Wilkins.

2. The act of breathing; a breath; an inspiration.

3. The act of aspiring of a ardently desiring; strong wish; high desire. "Aspirations after virtue." Johnson. Vague aspiration after military renown. Prescott.

ASPIRATOR
As"pi*ra`tor, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for passing air or gases through or over certain liquids or solids, or for exhausting a closed vessel, by means of suction.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for the evacuation of the fluid contents of tumors or collections of blood.

ASPIRATORY
As*pir"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to breathing; suited to the inhaling of air

ASPIRE
As*pire", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aspired; p. pr. & vb. n. Aspiring.]
Etym: [F. aspirer, L. aspirare. See Aspirate, v. t.]

1. To desire with eagerness; to seek to attain something high or great; to pant; to long; — followed by to or after, and rarely by at; as, to aspire to a crown; to aspire after immorality. Aspiring to be gods, if angels fell; Aspiring to be angels, men rebel. Pope.

2. To rise; to ascend; to tower; to soar. My own breath still foments the fire, Which flames as high as fancy can aspire. Waller.

ASPIRE
As*pire", v. t.

Defn: To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to. [Obs.]
That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak.

ASPIRE
As*pire", n.

Defn: Aspiration. [Obs.] Chapman.

ASPIREMENT
As*pire"ment, n.

Defn: Aspiration. [Obs.]

ASPIRER
As*pir"er, n.

Defn: One who aspires.

ASPIRIN
As"pi*rin, n. (Pharm.)

Defn: A white crystalline compound of acetyl and salicylic acid used as a drug for the salicylic acid liberated from it in the intestines.

ASPIRING
As*pir"ing, a.

Defn: That aspires; as, an Aspiring mind.
 — As*pir"ing*ly, adv.
 — As*pir"ing*ness, n.

ASPISH
Asp"ish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, an asp.

ASPORTATION As`por*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. asportatio, fr. asportare to carry away; abs = ab + portare to bear, carry.] (Law)

Defn: The felonious removal of goods from the place where they were deposited.

Note: It is adjudged to be larceny, though the goods are not carried from the house or apartment. Blackstone.

ASPRAWL
A*sprawl", adv. & a.

Defn: Sprawling.

ASQUAT
A*squat", adv. & a.

Defn: Squatting.

ASQUINT
A*squint", adv. Etym: [Cf. Askant, Squint.]

Defn: With the eye directed to one side; not in the straight line of vision; obliquely; awry, so as to see distortedly; as, to look asquint.

ASS
Ass, n. Etym: [OE. asse, AS. assa; akin to Icel. asni, W. asen, asyn,
L. asinus, dim. aselus, Gr. esol, OHG. esil, G. esel, Goth. asilus,
Dan. æsel, Lith. asilas, Bohem. osel, Pol. osiel. The word is prob.
of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. ath she ass. Cf. Ease.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadruped of the genus Equus (E. asinus), smaller than the horse, and having a peculiarly harsh bray and long ears. The tame or domestic ass is patient, slow, and sure-footed, and has become the type of obstinacy and stupidity. There are several species of wild asses which are swift-footed.

2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt. Shak. Asses' Bridge. Etym: [L. pons asinorum.] The fifth proposition of the first book of Euclid, "The angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal to one another." [Sportive] "A schoolboy, stammering out his Asses' Bridge." F. Harrison. — To make an ass of one's self, to do or say something very foolish or absurd.

ASSAFOETIDA
As`sa*foet"i*da, n.

Defn: Same as Asafetida.

ASSAGAI; ASSEGAI
As"sa*gai, As"se*gai, n. Etym: [Pg. azagaia, Sp. azagaya, fr. a
Berber word. Cf. Lancegay.]

Defn: A spear used by tribes in South Africa as a missile and for stabbing, a kind of light javelin.

ASSAI
As*sa"i. Etym: [It., fr. L. ad + satis enough. See Assets.] (Mus.)

Defn: A direction equivalent to very; as, adagio assai, very slow.

ASSAIL
As*sail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Assailing.]
Etym: [OE. assailen, asailen, OF. asaillir, assailler, F. assaillir;
(L. ad) + saillir to burst out, project, fr. L. salire to leap,
spring; cf. L. assilire to leap or spring upon. See Sally.]

1. To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile manner; to assault; to molest; as, to assail a man with blows; to assail a city with artillery. No rude noise mine ears assailing. Cowper. No storm can now assail The charm he wears within. Keble.

2. To encounter or meet purposely with the view of mastering, as an obstacle, difficulty, or the like. The thorny wilds the woodmen fierce assail. Pope.

3. To attack morally, or with a view to produce changes in the feelings, character, conduct, existing usages, institutions; to attack by words, hostile influence, etc.; as, to assail one with appeals, arguments, abuse, ridicule, and the like. The papal authority . . . assailed. Hallam. They assailed him with keen invective; they assailed him with still keener irony. Macaulay.

Syn.
 — To attack; assault; invade; encounter; fall upon. See Attack.

ASSAILABLE
As*sail"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being assailed.

ASSAILANT
As*sail"ant, a. Etym: [F. assaillant, p. pr. of assaillir.]

Defn: Assailing; attacking. Milton.

ASSAILANT
As*sail"ant, n. Etym: [F. assaillant.]

Defn: One who, or that which, assails, attacks, or assaults; an
assailer.
An assailant of the church. Macaulay.

ASSAILER
As*sail"er, n.

Defn: One who assails.

ASSAILMENT
As*sail"ment, n.

Defn: The act or power of assailing; attack; assault. [R.]
His most frequent assailment was the headache. Johnson.

ASSAMAR
As"sa*mar, n. Etym: [L. assare to roast + amarus, bitter.] (Chem.)

Defn: The peculiar bitter substance, soft or liquid, and of a yellow color, produced when meat, bread, gum, sugar, starch, and the like, are roasted till they turn brown.

ASSAMESE
As`sam*ese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Assam, a province of British India, or to its inhabitants. — n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Assam.

ASSAPAN; ASSAPANIC
As`sa*pan", As`sa*pan"ic, n. Etym: [Prob. Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American flying squirrel (Pteromys volucella).

ASSART As*sart", n. Etym: [OF. essart the grubbing up of trees, fr. essarter to grub up or clear ground of bushes, shrubs, trees, etc., fr. LL. exartum, exartare, for exsaritare; L. ex + sarire, sarrire, saritum, to hoe, weed.]

1. (Old Law)

Defn: The act or offense of grubbing up trees and bushes, and thus destroying the tickets or coverts of a forest. Spelman. Cowell.

2. A piece of land cleared of trees and bushes, and fitted for cultivation; a clearing. Ash. Assart land, forest land cleared of woods and brush.

ASSART
As*sart", v. t.

Defn: To grub up, as trees; to commit an assart upon; as, to assart land or trees. Ashmole.

ASSASSIN As*sas"sin, n. Etym: [F. (cf. It. assassino), fr. Ar. one who has drunk of the hashish. Under its influence the Assassins of the East, followers of the Shaikh al-Jabal (Old Man of the Mountain), were said to commit the murders required by their chief.]

Defn: One who kills, or attempts to kill, by surprise or secret assault; one who treacherously murders any one unprepared for defense.

ASSASSIN
As*sas"sin, v. t.

Defn: To assassinate. [Obs.] Stillingfleet.

ASSASSINATE
As*sas"sin*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assassinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assassinating.] Etym: [LL. assassinatus, p. p. of assassinare.]

1. To kill by surprise or secret assault; to murder by treacherous violence. Help, neighbors, my house is broken open by force, and I am ravished, and like to be assassinated. Dryden.

2. To assail with murderous intent; hence, by extended meaning, to maltreat exceedingly. [Archaic] Your rhymes assassinate our fame. Dryden. Such usage as your honorable lords Afford me, assassinated and betrayed. Milton.

Syn.
 — To kill; murder; slay. See Kill.

ASSASSINATE
As*sas"sin*ate, n. Etym: [F. assassinat.]

1. An assassination, murder, or murderous assault. [Obs.] If I had made an assassinate upon your father. B. Jonson.

2. An assassin. [Obs.] Dryden.

ASSASSINATION
As*sas`si*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of assassinating; a killing by treacherous violence.

ASSASSINATOR
As*sas"si*na`tor, n.

Defn: An assassin.

ASSASSINOUS
As*sas"sin*ous, a.

Defn: Murderous. Milton.

ASSASTION
As*sas"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. assatio, fr. L. assare to roast.]

Defn: Roasting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ASSAULT
As*sault", n. Etym: [OE. asaut, assaut, OF. assaut, asalt, F. assaut,
LL. assaltus; L. ad + saltus a leaping, a springing, salire to leap.
See Assail.]

1. A violent onset or attack with physical means, as blows, weapons, etc.; an onslaught; the rush or charge of an attacking force; onset; as, to make assault upon a man, a house, or a town. The Spanish general prepared to renew the assault. Prescott. Unshaken bears the assault Of their most dreaded foe, the strong southwest. Wordsworth.

2. A violent onset or attack with moral weapons, as words, arguments, appeals, and the like; as, to make an assault on the prerogatives of a prince, or on the constitution of a government. Clarendon.

3. (Law)

Defn: An apparently violent attempt, or willful offer with force or violence, to do hurt to another; an attempt or offer to beat another, accompanied by a degree of violence, but without touching his person, as by lifting the fist, or a cane, in a threatening manner, or by striking at him, and missing him. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a battery. Blackstone. Wharton. Practically, however, the word assault is used to include the battery. Mozley & W.

Syn. — Attack; invasion; incursion; descent; onset; onslaught; charge; storm.

ASSAULT
As*sault", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assaulted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assaulting.] Etym: [From Assault, n.: cf. OF. assaulter, LL.
assaltare.]

1. To make an assault upon, as by a sudden rush of armed men; to attack with unlawful or insulting physical violence or menaces. Insnared, assaulted, overcome, led bound. Milton.

2. To attack with moral means, or with a view of producing moral effects; to attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly measures; to assail; as, to assault a reputation or an administration. Before the gates, the cries of babes newborn, . . . Assault his ears. Dryden.

Note: In the latter sense, assail is more common.

Syn.
 — To attack; assail; invade; encounter; storm; charge. See Attack.

ASSAULTABLE
As*sault"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being assaulted.

ASSAULTER
As*sault"er, n.

Defn: One who assaults, or violently attacks; an assailant. E. Hall.

ASSAY
As*say", n. Etym: [OF. asai, essai, trial, F. essa. See Essay, n.]

1. Trial; attempt; essay. [Obs.] Chaucer. I am withal persuaded that it may prove much more easy in the assay than it now seems at distance. Milton.

2. Examination and determination; test; as, an assay of bread or wine. [Obs.] This can not be, by no assay of reason. Shak.

3. Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure; risk; hardship; state of being tried. [Obs.] Through many hard assays which did betide. Spenser.

4. Tested purity or value. [Obs.] With gold and pearl of rich assay. Spenser.

5. (Metallurgy)

Defn: The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.

6. The alloy or metal to be assayed. Ure. Assay and essay are radically the same word; but modern usage has appropriated assay chiefly to experiments in metallurgy, and essay to intellectual and bodily efforts. See Essay.]

Note: Assay is used adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, assay balance, assay furnace. Assay master, an officer who assays or tests gold or silver coin or bullion. — Assay ton, a weight of 29.1662/3 grams.

ASSAY
As*say", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Assaying.]
Etym: [OF. asaier, essaier, F. essayer, fr. essai. See Assay, n.,
Essay, v.]

1. To try; to attempt; to apply. [Obs. or Archaic] To-night let us assay our plot. Shak. Soft words to his fierce passion she assayed. Milton.

2. To affect. [Obs.] When the heart is ill assayed. Spenser.

3. To try tasting, as food or drink. [Obs.]

4. To subject, as an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound, to chemical or metallurgical examination, in order to determine the amount of a particular metal contained in it, or to ascertain its composition.

ASSAY
As*say", v. i.

Defn: To attempt, try, or endeavor. [Archaic. In this sense essay is
now commonly used.]
She thrice assayed to speak. Dryden.

ASSAYABLE
As*say"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be assayed.

ASSAYER
As*say"er, n.

Defn: One who assays. Specifically: One who examines metallic ores or compounds, for the purpose of determining the amount of any particular metal in the same, especially of gold or silver.

ASSAYING
As*say"ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of testing, esp. of analyzing or examining metals and ores, to determine the proportion of pure metal.

ASSAY POUND
As"say pound.

Defn: A small standard weight used in assaying bullion, etc., sometimes equaling 0.5 gram, but varying with the assayer.

ASSAY TON
Assay ton.

Defn: A weight of 29.166 + grams used in assaying, for convenience. Since it bears the same relation to the milligram that a ton of 2000 avoirdupois pounds does to the troy ounce, the weight in milligrams of precious metal obtained from an assay ton of ore gives directly the number of ounces to the ton.

ASSE
Asse, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small foxlike animal (Vulpes cama) of South Africa, valued for its fur.

ASSECURATION
As`se*cu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. assecuratio, fr. assecurare.]

Defn: Assurance; certainty. [Obs.]

ASSECURE
As`se*cure", v. t. Etym: [LL. assecurare.]

Defn: To make sure or safe; to assure. [Obs.] Hooker.

ASSECUTION As`se*cu"tion, n. Etym: [F. assécution, fr. L. assequi to obtain; ad + sequi to follow.]

Defn: An obtaining or acquiring. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

ASSEGAI
As"se*gai, n.

Defn: Same as Assagai.

ASSEMBLAGE
As*sem"blage, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assemblage. See Assemble.]

1. The act of assembling, or the state o In sweet assemblage every blooming grace. Fenton.

2. A collection of individuals, or of individuals, or of particular things; as, a political assemblage; an assemblage of ideas.

Syn. — Company; group; collection; concourse; gathering; meeting; convention. Assemblage, Assembly. An assembly consists only of persons; an assemblage may be composed of things as well as persons, as, an assemblage of incoherent objects. Nor is every assemblage of persons an assembly; since the latter term denotes a body who have met, and are acting, in concert for some common end, such as to hear, to deliberate, to unite in music, dancing, etc. An assemblage of skaters on a lake, or of horse jockeys at a race course, is not an assembly, but might be turned into one by collecting into a body with a view to discuss and decide as to some object of common interest.

ASSEMBLANCE
As*sem"blance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. assemblance.]

1. Resemblance; likeness; appearance. [Obs.] Care I for the . . . stature, bulk, and big assemblance of a man Shak.

2. An assembling; assemblage. [Obs.] To weete [know] the cause of their assemblance. Spenser.

ASSEMBLE
As*sem"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assembled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assembling.] Etym: [F. assembler, fr. LL. assimulare to bring
together to collect; L. ad + simul together; akin to similis like,
Gr. same. Cf. Assimilate, Same.]

Defn: To collect into one place or body; to bring or call together;
to convene; to congregate.
Thither he assembled all his train. Milton.
All the men of Israel assembled themselves. 1 Kings viii. 2.

ASSEMBLE
As*sem"ble, v. i.

Defn: To meet or come together, as a number of individuals; to convene; to congregate. Dryden. The Parliament assembled in November. W. Massey.

ASSEMBLE
As*sem"ble, v. i.

Defn: To liken; to compare. [Obs.]
Bribes may be assembled to pitch. Latimer.

ASSEMBLER
As*sem"bler, n.

Defn: One who assembles a number of individuals; also, one of a number assembled.

ASSEMBLY
As*sem"bly, n.; pl. Assemblies. Etym: [F. assemblée, fr. assembler.
See Assemble.]

1. A company of persons collected together in one place, and usually for some common purpose, esp. for deliberation and legislation, for worship, or for social entertainment.

2. A collection of inanimate objects. [Obs.] Howell.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A beat of the drum or sound of the bugle as a signal to troops to assemble.

Note: In some of the United States, the legislature, or the popular branch of it, is called the Assembly, or the General Assembly. In the Presbyterian Church, the General Assembly is the highest ecclesiastical tribunal, composed of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each presbytery; as, the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, or of Scotland. Assembly room, a room in which persons assemble, especially for dancing. — Unlawful assembly (Law), a meeting of three or more persons on a common plan, in such a way as to cause a reasonable apprehension that they will disturb the peace tumultuously. — Westminster Assembly, a convocation, consisting chiefly of divines, which, by act of Parliament, assembled July 1, 1643, and remained in session some years. It framed the "Confession of Faith," the "Larger Catechism," and the "Shorter Catechism," which are still received as authority by Presbyterians, and are substantially accepted by Congregationalists.

Syn.
 — See Assemblage.

ASSEMBLYMAN
As*sem"bly*man, n.; pl. Assemblymen.

Defn: A member of an assembly, especially of the lower branch of a state legislature.

ASSENT
As*sent", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assented; p. pr. & vb. n. Assenting.]
Etym: [F. assentir, L. assentire, assentiri; ad + sentire to feel,
think. See Sense.]

Defn: To admit a thing as true; to express one's agreement, acquiescence, concurrence, or concession. Who informed the governor . . . And the Jews also assented, saying that these things were so. Acts xxiv. 9. The princess assented to all that was suggested. Macaulay.

Syn.
 — To yield; agree; acquiesce; concede; concur.

ASSENT
As*sent", n. Etym: [OE. assent, fr. assentir. See Assent, v.]

Defn: The act of assenting; the act of the mind in admitting or
agreeing to anything; concurrence with approval; consent; agreement;
acquiescence.
Faith is the assent to any proposition, on the credit of the
proposer. Locke.
The assent, if not the approbation, of the prince. Prescott.
Too many people read this ribaldry with assent and admiration.
Macaulay.
Royal assent, in England, the assent of the sovereign to a bill which
has passed both houses of Parliament, after which it becomes law.

Syn. — Concurrence; acquiescence; approval; accord. — Assent, Consent. Assent is an act of the understanding, consent of the will or feelings. We assent to the views of others when our minds come to the same conclusion with theirs as to what is true, right, or admissible. We consent when there is such a concurrence of our will with their desires and wishes that we decide to comply with their requests. The king of England gives his assent, not his consent, to acts of Parliament, because, in theory at least, he is not governed by personal feelings or choice, but by a deliberate, judgment as to the common good. We also use assent in cases where a proposal is made which involves but little interest or feeling. A lady may assent to a gentleman's opening the window; but if he offers himself in marriage, he must wait for her consent.

ASSENTATION
As`sen*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. assentatio. See Assent, v.]

Defn: Insincere, flattering, or obsequious assent; hypocritical or
pretended concurrence.
Abject flattery and indiscriminate assentation degrade as much as
indiscriminate contradiction and noisy debate disgust. Ld.
Chesterfield.

ASSENTATOR
As`sen*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. assentari to assent constantly.]

Defn: An obsequious; a flatterer. [R.]

ASSENTATORY
As*sent"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Flattering; obsequious. [Obs.] — As*sent"a*to*ri*ly, adv.
[Obs.]

ASSENTER
As*sent"er, n.

Defn: One who assents.

ASSENTIENT
As*sen"tient, a.

Defn: Assenting.

ASSENTING
As*sent"ing, a.

Defn: Giving or implying assent.
 — As*sent"ing*ly, adv.

ASSENTIVE
As*sent"ive, a.

Defn: Giving assent; of the nature of assent; complying.
 — As*sent"ive*ness, n.

ASSENTMENT
As*sent"ment, n.

Defn: Assent; agreement. [Obs.]

ASSERT
As*sert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asserted; p. pr. & vb. n. Asserting.]
Etym: [L. assertus, p. p. of asserere to join or fasten to one's
self, claim, maintain; ad + serere to join or bind together. See
Series.]

1. To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and strongly; to state positively; to aver; to asseverate. Nothing is more shameful . . . than to assert anything to be done without a cause. Ray.

2. To maintain; to defend. [Obs. or Archaic]
That . . . I may assert Eternal Providence, And justify the ways of
God to men. Milton.
I will assert it from the scandal. Jer. Taylor.

3. To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; as, to assert our rights and liberties. To assert one's self, to claim or vindicate one's rights or position; to demand recognition.

Syn. — To affirm; aver; asseverate; maintain; protest; pronounce; declare; vindicate. — To Assert, Affirm, Maintain, Vindicate. To assert is to fasten to one's self, and hence to claim. It is, therefore, adversative in its nature. We assert our rights and privileges, or the cause of tree institutions, as against opposition or denial. To affirm is to declare as true. We assert boldly; we affirm positively. To maintain is to uphold, and insist upon with earnestness, whatever we have once asserted; as, to maintain one's cause, to maintain an argument, to maintain the ground we have taken. To vindicate is to use language and measures of the strongest kind, in defense of ourselves and those for whom we act. We maintain our assertions by adducing proofs, facts, or arguments; we are ready to vindicate our rights or interests by the utmost exertion of our powers.

ASSERTER
As*sert"er, n.

Defn: One who asserts; one who avers pr maintains; an assertor.
The inflexible asserter of the rights of the church. Milman.

ASSERTION
As*ser"tion, n. Etym: [L. assertio, fr. asserere.]

1. The act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted; position advanced. There is a difference between assertion and demonstration. Macaulay.

2. Maintenance; vindication; as, the assertion of one's rights or prerogatives.

ASSERTIVE
As*sert"ive, a.

Defn: Positive; affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory.
In a confident and assertive form. Glanvill.
As*sert"ive*ly, adv.
 — As*sert"ive*ness, n.

ASSERTOR
As*sert"or, n. Etym: [L., fr. asserere.]

Defn: One who asserts or avers; one who maintains or vindicates a
claim or a right; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator; a defender;
an asserter.
The assertors of liberty said not a word. Macaulay.
Faithful assertor of thy country's cause. Prior.

ASSERTORIAL
As`ser*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Asserting that a thing is; — opposed to problematical and apodeictical.

ASSERTORY
As*sert"o*ry, a. Etym: [L. assertorius, fr. asserere.]

Defn: Affirming; maintaining.
Arguments . . . assertory, not probatory. Jer. Taylor.
An assertory, not a promissory, declaration. Bentham.
A proposition is assertory, when it enounces what is known as actual.
Sir W. Hamilton.

ASSESS As*sess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Assessing.] Etym: [OF. assesser to regulate, settle, LL. assessare to value for taxation, fr. L. assidere, supine as if assessum, to sit by, esp. of judges in a court, in LL. to assess, tax. Cf. Assize, v., Cess.]

1. To value; to make a valuation or official estimate of for the purpose of taxation.

2. To apportion a sum to be paid by (a person, a community, or an estate), in the nature of a tax, fine, etc.; to impose a tax upon (a person, an estate, or an income) according to a rate or apportionment.

3. To determine and impose a tax or fine upon (a person, community, estate, or income); to tax; as, the club assessed each member twenty- five cents.

4. To fix or determine the rate or amount of. This sum is assessed and raised upon individuals by commissioners in the act. Blackstone.

ASSESSABLE
As*sess"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be assessed or taxed; as, assessable property.

ASSESSEE
As`sess*ee", n.

Defn: One who is assessed.

ASSESSION As*ses"sion, n. Etym: [L. assessio, fr. assid to sit by or near; ad + sed to sit. See Sit.]

Defn: A sitting beside or near.

ASSESSMENT
As*sess"ment, n. Etym: [LL. assessamentum.]

1. The act of assessing; the act of determining an amount to be paid; as, an assessment of damages, or of taxes; an assessment of the members of a club.

2. A valuation of property or profits of business, for the purpose of taxation; such valuation and an adjudging of the proper sum to be levied on the property; as, an assessment of property or an assessment on property.

Note: An assessment is a valuation made by authorized persons according to their discretion, as opposed to a sum certain or determined by law. It is a valuation of the property of those who are to pay the tax, for the purpose of fixing the proportion which each man shall pay. Blackstone. Burrill.

3. The specific sum levied or assessed.

4. An apportionment of a subscription for stock into successive installments; also, one of these installments (in England termed a "call"). [U. S.]

ASSESSOR As*sess"or, n. Etym: [L., one who sits beside, the assistant of a judge, fr. assid. See Assession. LL., one who arranges of determines the taxes, fr. assid. See Assess, v., and cf. Cessor.]

1. One appointed or elected to assist a judge or magistrate with his special knowledge of the subject to be decided; as legal assessors, nautical assessors. Mozley & W.

2. One who sits by another, as next in dignity, or as an assistant and adviser; an associate in office. Whence to his Son, The assessor of his throne, he thus began. Milton. With his ignorance, his inclinations, and his fancy, as his assessors in judgment. I. Taylor.

3. One appointed to assess persons or property for the purpose of taxation. Bouvier.

ASSESSORIAL
As`ses*so"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. assessorial, fr. L. assessor.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an assessor, or to a court of assessors.
Coxe.

ASSESSORSHIP
As*sess"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office or function of an assessor.

ASSET
As"set, n.

Defn: Any article or separable part of one's assets.

ASSETS As"sets, n. pl. Etym: [OF. asez enough, F. assez, fr. L. ad + satis, akin to Gr. saps full. Cf. Assai, Satisfy.]

1. (Law) (a) Property of a deceased person, subject by law to the payment of his debts and legacies; — called assets because sufficient to render the executor or administrator liable to the creditors and legatees, so far as such goods or estate may extend. Story. Blackstone. (b) Effects of an insolvent debtor or bankrupt, applicable to the payment of debts.

2. The entire property of all sorts, belonging to a person, a corporation, or an estate; as, the assets of a merchant or a trading association; — opposed to liabilities.

Note: In balancing accounts the assets are put on the Cr. side and the debts on the Dr. side.

ASSEVER
As*sev"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. asseverer, fr. L. asseverare.]

Defn: See Asseverate. [Archaic]

ASSEVERATE
As*sev"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Asseverated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Asseverating.] Etym: [L. asseveratus, p. p. of asseverare to assert
seriously or earnestly; ad + severus. See Severe.]

Defn: To affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity.

Syn.
 — To affirm; aver; protest; declare. See Affirm.

ASSEVERATION
As*sev`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. asseveratio.]

Defn: The act of asseverating, or that which is asseverated; positive affirmation or assertion; solemn declaration. Another abuse of the tongue I might add, — vehement asseverations upon slight and trivial occasions. Ray.

ASSEVERATIVE
As*sev"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Characterized by asseveration; asserting positively.

ASSEVERATORY
As*sev"er*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Asseverative.

ASSIBILATE As*sib"i*late, v. t. Etym: [L. assibilatus, p. p. of assibilare to hiss out; ad + sibilare to hiss.]

Defn: To make sibilant; to change to a sibilant. J. Peile.

ASSIBILATION
As*sib`i*la"tion, n.

Defn: Change of a non-sibilant letter to a sibilant, as of -tion to - shun, duke to ditch.

ASSIDEAN
As`si*de"an, n. Etym: [Heb. khasad to be pious.]

Defn: One of a body of devoted Jews who opposed the Hellenistic Jews, and supported the Asmoneans.

ASSIDENT As"si*dent, a. Etym: [L. assidens, p. pr. of assid to sit by: cf. F. assident. See Assession.] (Med.)

Defn: Usually attending a disease, but not always; as, assident signs, or symptoms.

ASSIDUATE As*sid"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. assiduatus, p. p. of assiduare to use assiduously.]

Defn: Unremitting; assiduous. [Obs.] "Assiduate labor." Fabyan.

ASSIDUITY As`si*du"i*ty, n.; pl. Assiduities. Etym: [L. assiduitas: cf. F. assiduite. See Assiduous.]

1. Constant or close application or attention, particularly to some business or enterprise; diligence. I have, with much pains and assiduity, qualified myself for a nomenclator. Addison.

2. Studied and persevering attention to a person; — usually in the plural.

ASSIDUOUS As*sid"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. assiduus, fr. assid to sit near or close; ad + sed to sit. See Sit.]

1. Constant in application or attention; devoted; attentive; unremitting. She grows more assiduous in her attendance. Addison.

2. Performed with constant diligence or attention; unremitting; persistent; as, assiduous labor. To weary him with my assiduous cries. Milton.

Syn.
 — Diligent; attentive; sedulous; unwearied; unintermitted;
persevering; laborious; indefatigable. As*sid"u*ous*ly, adv.
 — As*sid"u*ous*ness, n.

ASSIEGE As*siege", v. t. Etym: [OE. asegen, OF. asegier, F. assiéger, fr. LL. assediare, assidiare, to besiege. See Siege.]

Defn: To besiege. [Obs.] "Assieged castles." Spenser.

ASSIEGE
As*siege", n.

Defn: A siege. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASSIENTIST
As`si*en"tist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assientiste, Sp. asentista.]

Defn: A shareholder of the Assiento company; one of the parties to the Assiento contract. Bancroft.

ASSIENTO As`si*en"to, n. Etym: [Sp. asiento seat, contract or agreement, fr. asentar to place on a chair, to adjust, to make an agreement; a (L. ad) + sentar, a participial verb; as if there were a L. sedentare to cause to sit, fr. sedens, sedentis, p. pr. of sed to sit.]

Defn: A contract or convention between Spain and other powers for furnishing negro slaves for the Spanish dominions in America, esp. the contract made with Great Britain in 1713.

ASSIGN
As*sign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assigned; p. pr. & vb. n. Assigning.]
Etym: [OE. assignen, asignen, F. assigner, fr. L. assignare; ad +
signare to mark, mark out, designate, signum mark, sign. See Sign.]

1. To appoint; to allot; to apportion; to make over. In the order I assign to them. Loudon. The man who could feel thus was worthy of a better station than that in which his lot had been assigned. Southey. He assigned to his men their several posts. Prescott.

2. To fix, specify, select, or designate; to point out authoritatively or exactly; as, to assign a limit; to assign counsel for a prisoner; to assign a day for trial. All as the dwarf the way to her assigned. Spenser. It is not easy to assign a period more eventful. De Quincey.

3. (Law)

Defn: To transfer, or make over to another, esp. to transfer to, and vest in, certain persons, called assignees, for the benefit of creditors. To assign dower, to set out by metes and bounds the widow's share or portion in an estate. Kent.

ASSIGN
As*sign", n. Etym: [From Assign, v.]

Defn: A thing pertaining or belonging to something else; an
appurtenance. [Obs.]
Six French rapiers and poniards, with their assigns, as girdles,
hangers, and so. Shak.

ASSIGN
As*sign", n. Etym: [See Assignee.] (Law)

Defn: A person to whom property or an interest is transferred; as, a deed to a man and his heirs and assigns.

ASSIGNABILITY
As*sign`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being assignable.

ASSIGNABLE
As*sign"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being assigned, allotted, specified, or designated; as, an assignable note or bill; an assignable reason; an assignable quantity.

ASSIGNAT As`si`gnat", n. Etym: [F. assignat, fr. L. assignatus, p. p. of assignare.]

Defn: One of the notes, bills, or bonds, issued as currency by the revolutionary government of France (1790-1796), and based on the security of the lands of the church and of nobles which had been appropriated by the state.

ASSIGNATION As`sig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. assignatio, fr. assignare: cf. F. assignation.]

1. The act of assigning or allotting; apportionment. This order being taken in the senate, as touching the appointment and assignation of those provinces. Holland.

2. An appointment of time and place for meeting or interview; — used chiefly of love interviews, and now commonly in a bad sense. While nymphs take treats, or assignations give. Pope.

3. A making over by transfer of title; assignment. House of assignation, a house in which appointments for sexual intercourse are fulfilled.

ASSIGNEE As`sign*ee", n. Etym: [F. assigné, p. p. of assigner. See Assign, v., and cf. Assign an assignee.] (Law) (a) A person to whom an assignment is made; a person appointed or deputed by another to do some act, perform some business, or enjoy some right, privilege, or property; as, an assignee of a bankrupt. See Assignment (c). An assignee may be by special appointment or deed, or be created by jaw; as an executor. Cowell. Blount. (b) pl.

Defn: In England, the persons appointed, under a commission of bankruptcy, to manage the estate of a bankrupt for the benefit of his creditors.

ASSIGNER
As*sign"er, n.

Defn: One who assigns, appoints, allots, or apportions.

ASSIGNMENT
As*sign"ment, n. Etym: [LL. assignamentum: cf. OF. assenement.]

1. An allotting or an appointment to a particular person or use; or for a particular time, as of a cause or causes in court.

2. (Law) (a) A transfer of title or interest by writing, as of lease, bond, note, or bill of exchange; a transfer of the whole of some particular estate or interest in lands. (b) The writing by which an interest is transferred. (c) The transfer of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons called assignees, in whom it is vested for the benefit of creditors. Assignment of dower, the setting out by metes and bounds of the widow's thirds or portion in the deceased husband's estate, and allotting it to her.

Note: Assignment is also used in law as convertible with specification; assignment of error in proceedings for review being specification of error; and assignment of perjury or fraud in indictment being specifications of perjury or fraud.

ASSIGNOR
As`sign*or", n. Etym: [L. assignator. Cf. Assigner.] (Law)

Defn: An assigner; a person who assigns or transfers an interest; as, the assignor of a debt or other chose in action.

ASSIMILABILITY
As*sim`i*la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being assimilable. [R.] Coleridge.

ASSIMILABLE
As*sim"i*la*ble, a.

Defn: That may be assimilated; that may be likened, or appropriated and incorporated.

ASSIMILATE
As*sim"i*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assimilated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assimilating.] Etym: [L. assimilatus, p. p. of assimilare; ad +
similare to make like, similis like. See Similar, Assemble,
Assimilate.]

1. To bring to a likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance
between. Sir M. Hale.
To assimilate our law to the law of Scotland. John Bright.
Fast falls a fleecy; the downy flakes Assimilate all objects. Cowper.

2. To liken; to compa [R.]

3. To appropriate and transform or incorporate into the substance of the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate, as nourishment; as, food is assimilated and converted into organic tissue. Hence also animals and vegetables may assimilate their nourishment. Sir I. Newton. His mind had no power to assimilate the lessons. Merivale.

ASSIMILATE
As*sim"i*late, v. i.

1. To become similar or like something else. [R.]

2. To change and appropriate nourishment so as to make it a part of the substance of the assimilating body. Aliment easily assimilated or turned into blood. Arbuthnot.

3. To be converted into the substance of the assimilating body; to become incorporated; as, some kinds of food assimilate more readily than others. I am a foreign material, and cannot assimilate with the church of England. J. H. Newman.

ASSIMILATION
As*sim`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. assimilatio: cf. F. assimilation.]

1. The act or process of assimilating or bringing to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being so assimilated; as, the assimilation of one sound to another. To aspire to an assimilation with God. Dr. H. More. The assimilation of gases and vapors. Sir J. Herschel.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The conversion of nutriment into the fluid or solid substance of the body, by the processes of digestion and absorption, whether in plants or animals. Not conversing the body, not repairing it by assimilation, but preserving it by ventilation. Sir T. Browne.

Note: The term assimilation has been limited by some to the final process by which the nutritive matter of the blood is converted into the substance of the tissues and organs.

ASSIMILATIVE
As*sim"i*la*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. assimilativus, F. assimilatif.]

Defn: Tending to, or characterized by, assimilation; that assimilates or causes assimilation; as, an assimilative process or substance.

ASSIMILATORY
As*sim"i*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Tending to assimilate, or produce assimilation; as, assimilatory organs.

ASSIMULATE As*sim"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. assimulatus, p. p. of assimulare, equiv. to assimilare. See Assimilate, v. t.]

1. To feign; to counterfeit; to simulate; to resemble. [Obs.] Blount.

2. To assimilate. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

ASSIMULATION
As*sim`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. assimulatio, equiv. to assimilatio.]

Defn: Assimilation. [Obs.] Bacon.

ASSINEGO
As`si*ne"go, n.

Defn: See Asinego.

ASSISH
Ass"ish, a.

Defn: Resembling an ass; asinine; stupid or obstinate.
Such . . . appear to be of the assich kind . . . Udall.

ASSIST
As*sist", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Assisting.]
Etym: [L. assistere; ad + sistere to cause to stand, to stand, from
stare to stand: cf. F. assister. See Stand.]

Defn: To give support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress; to help; to aid; to succor. Assist me, knight. I am undone! Shak.

Syn. — To help; aid; second; back; support; relieve; succor; befriend; sustain; favor. See Help.

ASSIST
As*sist", v. i.

1. To lend aid; to help. With God not parted from him, as was feared, But favoring and assisting to the end. Milton.

2. To be present as a spectator; as, to assist at a public meeting. [A Gallicism] Gibbon. Prescott.

ASSISTANCE
As*sist"ance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assistance.]

1. The act of assisting; help; aid; furtherance; succor; support. Without the assistance of a mortal hand. Shak.

2. An assistant or helper; a body of helpers. [Obs.] Wat Tyler [was] killed by valiant Walworth, the lord mayor of London, and his assistance, . . . John Cavendish. Fuller.

3. Persons present. [Obs. or a Gallicism]

ASSISTANT
As*sist"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. assistant, p. pr. of assister.]

1. Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary. Genius and learning . . . are mutually and greatly assistant to each other. Beattie.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: Of the second grade in the staff of the army; as, an assistant surgeon. [U.S.]

Note: In the English army it designates the third grade in any particular branch of the staff. Farrow.

ASSISTANT
As*sist"ant, n.

1. One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a means
of help.
Four assistants who his labor share. Pope.
Rhymes merely as assistants to memory. Mrs. Chapone.

2. An attendant; one who is present. Dryden.

ASSISTANTLY
As*sist"ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to give aid. [R.]

ASSISTER
As*sist"er, n.

Defn: An assistant; a helper.

ASSISTFUL
As*sist"ful, a.

Defn: Helpful.

ASSISTIVE
As*sist"ive, a.

Defn: Lending aid, helping.

ASSISTLESS
As*sist"less, a.

Defn: Without aid or help. [R.] Pope.

ASSISTOR
As*sist"or, n. (Law)

Defn: A assister.

ASSITHMENT
As*sith"ment, n.

Defn: See Assythment. [Obs.]

ASSIZE As*size", n. Etym: [OE. assise, asise, OF. assise, F. assises, assembly of judges, the decree pronounced by them, tax, impost, fr. assis, assise, p. p. of asseoir, fr. L. assid to sit by; ad + sed to sit. See Sit, Size, and cf. Excise, Assess.]

1. An assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for public business. [Obs.]

2. (Law) (a) A special kind of jury or inquest. (b) A kind of writ or real action. (c) A verdict or finding of a jury upon such writ. (d) A statute or ordinance in general. Specifically: (1) A statute regulating the weight, measure, and proportions of ingredients and the price of articles sold in the market; as, the assize of bread and other provisions; (2) A statute fixing the standard of weights and measures. (e) Anything fixed or reduced to a certainty in point of time, number, quantity, quality, weight, measure, etc.; as, rent of assize. Glanvill. Spelman. Cowell. Blackstone. Tomlins. Burrill.

Note: [This term is not now used in England in the sense of a writ or real action, and seldom of a jury of any kind, but in Scotch practice it is still technically applied to the jury in criminal cases. Stephen. Burrill. Erskine.] (f) A court, the sitting or session of a court, for the trial of processes, whether civil or criminal, by a judge and jury. Blackstone. Wharton. Encyc. Brit. (g) The periodical sessions of the judges of the superior courts in every county of England for the purpose of administering justice in the trial and determination of civil and criminal cases; — usually in the plural. Brande. Wharton. Craig. Burrill. (h) The time or place of holding the court of assize; — generally in the plural, assizes.

3. Measure; dimension; size. [In this sense now corrupted into size.] An hundred cubits high by just assize. Spenser. [Formerly written, as in French, assise.]

ASSIZE
As*size", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assized; p. pr. & vb. n. Assizing.]
Etym: [From Assize, n.: cf. LL. assisare to decree in assize. Cf.
Asses, v.]

1. To assess; to value; to rate. [Obs.] Gower.

2. To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by an ordinance or regulation of authority. [Obs.]

ASSIZER
As*siz"er, n.

Defn: An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and measures, etc.

ASSIZOR
As*siz"or, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: A juror.

ASSOBER
As*so"ber, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + sober. Cf. Ensober.]

Defn: To make or keep sober. [Obs.] Gower.

ASSOCIABILITY
As*so`cia*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being associable, or capable of association; associableness. "The associability of feelings." H. Spencer.

ASSOCIABLE
As*so"cia*ble, a. Etym: [See Associate.]

1. Capable of being associated or joined. We know feelings to be associable only by the proved ability of one to revive another. H. Spencer.

2. Sociable; companionable. [Obs.]

3. (Med.)

Defn: Liable to be affected by sympathy with other parts; — said of organs, nerves, muscles, etc. The stomach, the most associable of all the organs of the animal body. Med. Rep.

ASSOCIABLENESS
As*so"cia*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Associability.

ASSOCIATE
As*so"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Associated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Associating.] Etym: [L. associatus, p. p. of associare; ad + sociare
to join or unite, socius companion. See Social.]

1. To join with one, as a friend, companion, partner, or confederate; as, to associate others with .

2. To join or connect; to combine in acting; as, particles of gold associated with other substances.

3. To connect or place together in thought. He succeeded in associating his name inseparably with some names which will last an long as our language. Macaulay.

4. To accompany; to keep company with. [Obs.] Friends should associate friends in grief and woe. Shak.

ASSOCIATE
As*so"ci*ate, v. i.

1. To unite in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; as, congenial minds are disposed to associate.

2. To unite in action, or to be affected by the action of a different part of the body. E. Darwin.

ASSOCIATE
As*so"ci*ate, a. Etym: [L. associatus, p. p.]

1. Closely connected or joined with some other, as in interest, purpose, employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority; as, an associate judge. While I descend . . . to my associate powers. Milton.

2. Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and privileges; as, an associate member.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected by habit or sympathy; as, associate motions, such as occur sympathetically, in consequence of preceding motions. E. Darwin.

ASSOCIATE
As*so"ci*ate, n.

1. A companion; one frequently in company with another, implying intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow.

2. A partner in interest, as in business; or a confederate in a league.

3. One connected with an association or institution without the full rights or privileges of a regular member; as, an associate of the Royal Academy.

4. Anything closely or usually connected with another; an concomitant. The one [idea] no sooner comes into the understanding, than its associate appears with it. Locke.

Syn. — Companion; mate; fellow; friend; ally; partner; coadjutor; comrade; accomplice.

ASSOCIATED
As*so"ci*a`ted, a.

Defn: Joined as a companion; brought into association; accompanying; combined. Associated movements (Physiol.), consensual movements which accompany voluntary efforts without our consciousness. Dunglison.

ASSOCIATESHIP
As*so"ci*ate*ship, n.

Defn: The state of an associate, as in Academy or an office.

ASSOCIATION As*so`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. association, LL. associatio, fr. L. associare.]

1. The act of associating, or state of being associated; union; connection, whether of persons of things. "Some . . . bond of association." Hooker. Self-denial is a kind of holy association with God. Boyle.

2. Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or associated with a thing. Words . . . must owe their powers association. Johnson. Why should . . . the holiest words, with all their venerable associations, be profaned Coleridge.

3. Union of persons in a company or society for some particular purpose; as, the American Association for the Advancement of Science; a benevolent association. Specifically, as among the Congregationalists, a society, consisting of a number of ministers, generally the pastors of neighboring churches, united for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the churches. Association of ideas (Physiol.), the combination or connection of states of mind or their objects with one another, as the result of which one is said to be revived or represented by means of the other. The relations according to which they are thus connected or revived are called the law of association. Prominent among them are reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and effect. Porter.

ASSOCIATIONAL
As*so`ci*a"tion*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to association, or to an association.

2. Pertaining to the theory held by the associationists.

ASSOCIATIONISM
As*so`ci*a"tion*ism, n. (Philos.)

Defn: The doctrine or theory held by associationists.

ASSOCIATIONIST
As*so`ci*a"tion*ist, n. (Philos.)

Defn: One who explains the higher functions and relations of the soul by the association of ideas; e. g., Hartley, J. C. Mill.

ASSOCIATIVE
As*so"ci*a*tive, a.

Defn: Having the quality of associating; tending or leading to association; as, the associative faculty. Hugh Miller.

ASSOCIATOR
As*so"ci*a`tor, n.

Defn: An associate; a confederate or partner in any scheme. How Pennsylvania's air agrees with Quakers, And Carolina's with associators. Dryden.

ASSOIL
As*soil", v. t. Etym: [OF. assoiler, absoiler, assoldre, F. absoudre,
L. absolvere. See Absolve.]

1. To set free; to release. [Archaic] Till from her hands the spright assoiled is. Spenser.

2. To solve; to clear up. [Obs.] Any child might soon be able to assoil this riddle. Bp. Jewel.

3. To set free from guilt; to absolve. [Archaic] Acquitted and assoiled from the guilt. Dr. H. More. Many persons think themselves fairly assoiled, because they are . . . not of scandalous lives. Jer. Taylor.

4. To expiate; to atone for. [Archaic] Spenser. Let each act assoil a fault. E. Arnold.

5. To remove; to put off. [Obs.] She soundly slept, and careful thoughts did quite assoil. Spenser.

ASSOIL
As*soil", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + soil.]

Defn: To soil; to stain. [Obs. or Poet.] Beau. & Fl.
Ne'er assoil my cobwebbed shield. Wordsworth.

ASSOILMENT
As*soil"ment, n.

Defn: Act of assoiling, or state of being assoiled; absolution; acquittal.

ASSOILMENT
As*soil"ment, n.

Defn: A soiling; defilement.

ASSOILZIE; ASSOILYIE
As*soil"zie, As*soil"yie, v. t. Etym: [Old form assoil. See Assoil.]
(Scots Law)

Defn: To absolve; to acquit by sentence of court.
God assoilzie him for the sin of bloodshed. Sir W. Scott.

ASSONANCE
As"so*nance, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assonance. See Assonant.]

1. Resemblance of sound. "The disagreeable assonance of Steevens.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: A peculiar species of rhyme, in which the last accented vowel and those which follow it in one word correspond in sound with the vowels of another word, while the consonants of the two words are unlike in sound; as, calamo and platano, baby and chary. The assonance is peculiar to the Spaniard. Hallam.

3. Incomplete correspondence. Assonance between facts seemingly remote. Lowell.

ASSONANT As"so*nant, a. Etym: [L. assonans, p. pr. of assonare to sound to, to correspond to in sound; ad + sonare to sound, sonus sound: cf. F. assonant. See Sound.]

1. Having a resemblance of sounds.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Pertaining to the peculiar species of rhyme called assonance; not consonant.

ASSONANTAL
As`so*nan"tal, a.

Defn: Assonant.

ASSONATE
As"so*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. assonare, assonatum, to respond to.]

Defn: To correspond in sound.

ASSORT
As*sort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Assorting.]
Etym: [F. assortir; (L. ad) + sortir to cast or draw lots, to obtain
by lot, L. sortiri, fr. sors, sortis, lot. See Sort.]

1. To separate and distribute into classes, as things of a like kind, nature, or quality, or which are suited to a like purpose; to classify; as, to assort goods.

Note: [Rarely applied to persons.] They appear . . . no ways assorted to those with whom they must associate. Burke.

2. To furnish with, or make up of, various sorts or a variety of goods; as, to assort a cargo.

ASSORT
As*sort", v. i.

Defn: To agree; to be in accordance; to be adapted; to suit; to fall into a class or place. Mitford.

ASSORTED
As*sort"ed, a.

Defn: Selected; culled.

ASSORTMENT
As*sort"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. assortiment.]

1. Act of assorting, or distributing into sorts, kinds, or classes.

2. A collection or quantity of things distributed into kinds or sorts; a number of things assorted.

3. A collection containing a variety of sorts or kinds adapted to various wants, demands, or purposes; as, an assortment of goods.

ASSOT
As*sot", v. t. Etym: [OF. asoter, F. assoter; ad) + sot stupid. See
Sot.]

Defn: To besot; to befool; to beguile; to infatuate. [Obs.]
Some ecstasy assotted had his sense. Spenser.

ASSOT
As*sot", a.

Defn: Dazed; foolish; infatuated. [Obs.]
Willie, I ween thou be assot. Spenser.

ASSUAGE
As*suage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assuaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Assuaging.]
Etym: [OE. asuagen, aswagen, OF. asoagier, asuagier, fr. assouagier,
fr. L. ad + suavis sweet. See Sweet.]

Defn: To soften, in a figurative sense; to allay, mitigate, ease, or lessen, as heat, pain, or grief; to appease or pacify, as passion or tumult; to satisfy, as appetite or desire. Refreshing winds the summer's heat assuage. Addison. To assuage the sorrows of a desolate old man Burke. The fount at which the panting mind assuages Her thirst of knowledge. Byron.

Syn. — To alleviate; mitigate; appease; soothe; calm; tranquilize; relieve. See Alleviate.

ASSUAGE
As*suage", v. i.

Defn: To abate or subside. [Archaic] "The waters assuaged." Gen. vii.
1.
The plague being come to a crisis, its fury began to assuage. De Foe.

ASSUAGEMENT
As*suage"ment, n. Etym: [OF. assouagement, asuagement.]

Defn: Mitigation; abatement.

ASSUAGER
As*sua"ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, assuages.

ASSUASIVE
As*sua"sive, a. Etym: [From assuage, as if this were fr. a supposed
L. assuadere to persuade to; or from E. pref. ad + -suasive as in
persuasive.]

Defn: Mitigating; tranquilizing; soothing. [R.]
Music her soft assuasive voice applies. Pope.

ASSUBJUGATE
As*sub"ju*gate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad- + subjugate.]

Defn: To bring into subjection. [Obs.] Shak.

ASSUEFACTION As`sue*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. assuefacere to accustom to; assuetus (p. p. of assuescere to accustom to) + facere to make; cf. OF. assuefaction.]

Defn: The act of accustoming, or the state of being accustomed;
habituation. [Obs.]
Custom and studies efform the soul like wax, and by assuefaction
introduce a nature. Jer. Taylor.

ASSUETUDE
As"sue*tude, n. Etym: [L. assuetudo, fr. assuetus accustomed.]

Defn: Accustomedness; habit; habitual use.
Assuetude of things hurtful doth make them lose their force to hurt.
Bacon.

ASSUMABLE
As*sum"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be assumed.

ASSUMABLY
As*sum"a*bly, adv.

Defn: By way of assumption.

ASSUME
As*sume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Assuming.]
Etym: [L. assumere; ad + sumere to take; sub + emere to take, buy:
cf. F. assumer. See Redeem.]

1. To take to or upon one's self; to take formally and demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take unjustly. Trembling they stand while Jove assumes the throne. Pope. The god assumed his native form again. Pope.

2. To take for granted, or without proof; to suppose as a fact; to suppose or take arbitrarily or tentatively. The consequences of assumed principles. Whewell.

3. To pretend to possess; to take in appearance. Ambition assuming the mask of religion. Porteus. Assume a virtue, if you have it not. Shak.

4. To receive or adopt. The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank, assumed into that honorable company. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
 — To arrogate; usurp; appropriate.

ASSUME
As*sume", v. i.

1. To be arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due. Bp. Burnet.

2. (Law)

Defn: To undertake, as by a promise. Burrill.

ASSUMED
As*sumed", a.

1. Supposed.

2. Pretended; hypocritical; make-believe; as, an assumed character.

ASSUMEDLY
As*sum"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By assumption.

ASSUMENT
As*sum"ent, n. Etym: [L. assumentum, fr. ad + suere to sew.]

Defn: A patch; an addition; a piece put on. [Obs.] John Lewis (1731).

ASSUMER
As*sum"er, n.

Defn: One who assumes, arrogates, pretends, or supposes. W. D.
Whitney.

ASSUMING
As*sum"ing, a.

Defn: Pretentious; taking much upon one's self; presumptuous. Burke.

ASSUMPSIT As*sump"sit, n. Etym: [L., he undertook, pret. of L. assumere. See Assume.] (Law) (a) A promise or undertaking, founded on a consideration. This promise may be oral or in writing not under seal. It may be express or implied. (b) An action to recover damages for a breach or nonperformance of a contract or promise, express or implied, oral or in writing not under seal. Common or indebitatus assumpsit is brought for the most part on an implied promise. Special assumpsit is founded on an express promise or undertaking. Wharton.

ASSUMPT
As*sumpt", v. t. Etym: [L. assumptus, p. p. of assumere. See Assume.]

Defn: To take up; to elevate; to assume. [Obs.] Sheldon.

ASSUMPT
As*sumpt", n. Etym: [L. assumptum, p. p. neut. of assumere.]

Defn: That which is assumed; an assumption. [Obs.]
The sun of all your assumpts is this. Chillingworth.

ASSUMPTION As*sump"tion, n. Etym: [OE. assumpcioun a taking up into heaven, L. assumptio a taking, fr. assumere: cf. F. assomption. See Assume.]

1. The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the act of taking up or adopting. The assumption of authority. Whewell.

2. The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; supposition; unwarrantable claim. This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable assumption that the soul sleeps from the period of death to the resurrection of the body. Thodey. That calm assumption of the virtues. W. Black.

3. The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition. Hold! says the Stoic; your assumption's wrong. Dryden.

4. (Logic)

Defn: The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.

5. The taking of a person up into heaven. Hence: (Rom. Cath. & Greek Churches)

Defn: A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven.

ASSUMPTIVE
As*sump"tive, a. Etym: [L. assumptivus, fr. assumptus, fr. assumere.]

Defn: Assumed, or capable of being assumed; characterized by assumption; making unwarranted claims. — As*sump"tive*ly, adv. Assumptive arms (Her.), originally, arms which a person had a right to assume, in consequence of an exploit; now, those assumed without sanction of the Heralds' College. Percy Smith.

ASSURANCE
As*sur"ance, n. Etym: [OE. assuraunce, F. assurance, fr. assurer. See
Assure.]

1. The act of assuring; a declaration tending to inspire full confidence; that which is designed to give confidence. Whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead. Acts xvii. 31. Assurances of support came pouring in daily. Macaulay.

2. The state of being assured; firm persuasion; full confidence or trust; freedom from doubt; certainty. Let us draw with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience. Heb. x. 22.

3. Firmness of mind; undoubting, steadiness; intrepidity; courage; confidence; self-reliance. Brave men meet danger with assurance. Knolles. Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and assurance. Locke.

4. Excess of boldness; impudence; audacity; as, his assurance is intolerable.

5. Betrothal; affiance. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

6. Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death.

Note: Recently, assurance has been used, in England, in relation to life contingencies, and insurance in relation to other contingencies. It is called temporary assurance, in the time within which the contingent event must happen is limited. See Insurance.

7. (Law)

Defn: Any written or other legal evidence of the conveyance of property; a conveyance; a deed.

Note: In England, the legal evidences of the conveyance of property are called the common assurances of the kingdom. Blackstone.

ASSURE
As*sure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Assured; p. pr. & vb. n. Assuring.]
Etym: [OF. aseürer, F. assurer, LL. assecurare; L. ad + securus
secure, sure, certain. See Secure, Sure, and cf. Insure.]

1. To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise, declaration, or other evidence. His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe . . . Assures me that the bitterness of death Is past, and we shall live. Milton.

2. To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one) with the design of inspiring belief or confidence. I dare assure thee that no enemy Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus. Shak.

3. To confirm; to make certain or secure. And it shall be assured to him. Lev. xxvii. 19. And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall assure our hearts before him. 1 John iii. 19.

4. To affiance; to betroth. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Law)

Defn: To insure; to covenant to indemnify for loss, or to pay a specified sum at death. See Insure.

Syn. — To declare; aver; avouch; vouch; assert; asseverate; protest; persuade; convince.

ASSURED
As*sured", a.

Defn: Made sure; safe; insured; certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to excess.

ASSURED
As*sured", n.

Defn: One whose life or property is insured.

ASSUREDLY
As*sur"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Certainly; indubitably. "The siege assuredly I'll raise." Shak.

ASSUREDNESS
As*sur"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being assured; certainty; full confidence.

ASSURER
As*sur"er, n.

1. One who assures. Specifically: One who insures against loss; an insurer or underwriter.

2. One who takes out a life assurance policy.

ASSURGENCY
As*sur"gen*cy, n.

Defn: Act of rising.
The . . . assurgency of the spirit through the body. Coleridge.

ASSURGENT As*sur"gent, a. Etym: [L. assurgens, p. pr. of assurgere; ad + surgere to rise.]

Defn: Ascending; (Bot.)

Defn: rising obliquely; curving upward. Gray.

ASSURING
As*sur"ing, a.

Defn: That assures; tending to assure; giving confidence.
 — As*sur"ing*ly, adv.

ASSWAGE
As*swage", v.

Defn: See Assuage.

ASSYRIAN
As*syr"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Assyrius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Assyria, or to its inhabitants.
 — n. A native or an inhabitant of Assyria; the language of Assyria.

ASSYRIOLOGICAL
As*syr`i*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Assyriology; as, Assyriological studies.

ASSYRIOLOGIST
As*syr`i*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in Assyriology; a student of Assyrian archæology.

ASSYRIOLOGY
As*syr`i*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Assyria + -logy.]

Defn: The science or study of the antiquities, language, etc., of ancient Assyria.

ASSYTHMENT
As*syth"ment, n. Etym: [From OF. aset, asez, orig. meaning enough.
See Assets.]

Defn: Indemnification for injury; satisfaction. [Chiefly in Scots law]

ASTACUS
As"ta*cus, n. Etym: [L. astacus a crab, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of crustaceans, containing the crawfish of fresh-water lobster of Europe, and allied species of western North America. See Crawfish.

ASTARBOARD
A*star"board, adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Over to the starboard side; — said of the tiller.

ASTART
A*start", v. t. & i.

Defn: Same as Astert. [Obs.]

ASTARTE
As*tar"te, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and Europe.

ASTATE
A*state", n.

Defn: Estate; state. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASTATIC
A*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + static.] (Magnetism)

Defn: Having little or no tendency to take a fixed or definite position or direction: thus, a suspended magnetic needle, when rendered astatic, loses its polarity, or tendency to point in a given direction. Astatic pair (Magnetism), a pair of magnetic needles so mounted as to be nearly or quite astatic, as in some galvanometers.

ASTATICALLY
A*stat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an astatic manner.

ASTATICISM
A*stat"i*cism, n.

Defn: The state of being astatic.

ASTATIZE
As"ta*tize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Astatized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Astatizing.] (Magnetism)

Defn: To render astatic.

ASTATKI
As*tat"ki, n. [From Russ. ostatki remnants, pl. of ostatok.]

Defn: A thick liquid residuum obtained in the distillation of Russian petroleum, much used as fuel.

ASTAY
A*stay", adv. (Naut.)

Defn: An anchor is said to be astay, in heaving it, an acute angle is formed between the cable and the surface of the water.

ASTEISM
As"te*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. astéisme.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Genteel irony; a polite and ingenious manner of deriding another.

ASTEL
As"tel, n. Etym: [OE. astelle piece of wood, OF. astele splinter,
shaving, F. attelle, astelle: cf. L. astula, dim. of assis board.]
(Mining)

Defn: An arch, or ceiling, of boards, placed over the men's heads in a mine.

ASTER
As"ter, n. Etym: [L. aster aster, star, Gr. Star.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs with compound white or bluish flowers; starwort; Michaelmas daisy.

2. (Floriculture)

Defn: A plant of the genus Callistephus. Many varieties (called China asters, German asters, etc.) are cultivated for their handsome compound flowers.

ASTERIAS
As*te"ri*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of echinoderms.

Note: Formerly the group of this name included nearly all starfishes and ophiurans. Now it is restricted to a genus including the commonest shore starfishes.

ASTERIATED
As*te"ri*a`ted, a. Etym: [See Asterias.]

Defn: Radiated, with diverging rays; as, asteriated sapphire.

ASTERIDIAN
As`ter*id"i*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Asterioidea.
 — n.

Defn: A starfish; one of the Asterioidea.

ASTERIOIDEA; ASTERIDEA
As*te`ri*oid"e*a, As`ter*id"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid. See
Asterias.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Echinodermata including the true starfishes. The rays vary in number and always have ambulacral grooves below. The body is starshaped or pentagonal.

ASTERION
As*te"ri*on, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The point on the side of the skull where the lambdoid, parieto- mastoid and occipito-mastoid sutures.

ASTERISCUS
As`ter*is"cus, n. Etym: [L., an asterisk. See Asterisk.] (Anat.)

Defn: The smaller of the two otoliths found in the inner ear of many fishes.

ASTERISK
As"ter*isk, n. Etym: [L. asteriscus, Gr. Aster.]

Defn: The figure of a star, thus,

ASTERISM
As`ter*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. astérisme.]

1. (Astron.) (a) A constellation. [Obs.] (b) A small cluster of stars.

2. (Printing) (a) An asterisk, or mark of reference. [R.] (b) Three asterisks placed in this manner, *, to direct attention to a particular passage.

3. (Crystallog.)

Defn: An optical property of some crystals which exhibit a star- shaped by reflected light, as star sapphire, or by transmitted light, as some mica.

ASTERN
A*stern", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + stern.] (Naut.)

1. In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the hinder part, or stern; backward; as, to go astern.

2. Behind a ship; in the rear. "A gale of wind right astern." De Foe.
"Left this strait astern." Drake. To bake astern, to go stern
foremost.
 — To be astern of the reckoning, to be behind the position given by
the reckoning.
 — To drop astern, to fall or be left behind.
 — To go astern, to go backward, as from the action of currents or
winds.

ASTERNAL
A*ster"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + sternal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Not sternal; — said of ribs which do not join the sternum.

ASTEROID
As"ter*oid, n. Etym: [Gr. astéroïde. See Aster.]

Defn: A starlike body; esp. one of the numerous small planets whose orbits lie between those of Mars and Jupiter; — called also planetoids and minor planets.

ASTEROIDAL
As`ter*oid"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an asteroid, or to the asteroids.

ASTEROLEPIS
As`te*rol"e*pis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fishes, some of which were eighteen or twenty feet long, found in a fossil state in the Old Red Sandstone. Hugh Miller.

ASTEROPE
As*ter"o*pe, n. [Gr. , lit., lightning.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: One of the Pleiades; — called also Sterope.

2. (Astron.) A double star in the Pleiades (21 k and 22 l Pleiadum, of the 5.8 and 6.4 magnitude respectively), appearing as a single star of the 5.3 magnitude to the naked eye.

ASTEROPHYLLITE
As`ter*oph"yl*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil plant from the coal formations of Europe and America, now regarded as the branchlets and foliage of calamites.

ASTERT
A*stert, v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + start; OE. asterten, asturten.]

Defn: To start up; to befall; to escape; to shun. [Obs.] Spenser.

ASTERT
A*stert", v. i.

Defn: To escape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASTHENIA; ASTHENY
As`the*ni"a, As"the*ny, n. Etym: [NL. asthenia, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Want or loss of strength; debility; diminution of the vital forces.

ASTHENIC
As*then"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak; debilitating.

ASTHENOPIA
As`the*no"pi*a, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Weakness of sight. Quain.
 — As`the*nop"ic, a.

ASTHMA
Asth"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. va, Goth. waian, to blow, E. wind.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease, characterized by difficulty of breathing (due to a spasmodic contraction of the bronchi), recurring at intervals, accompanied with a wheezing sound, a sense of constriction in the chest, a cough, and expectoration.

ASTHMA PAPER
Asth"ma pa"per.

Defn: Paper impregnated with saltpeter. The fumes from the burning paper are often inhaled as an alleviative by asthmatics.

ASTHMATIC; ASTHMATICAL
Asth*mat"ic, Asth*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. asthmaticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to asthma; as, an asthmatic cough; liable to, or suffering from, asthma; as, an asthmatic patient. — Asth*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

ASTHMATIC
Asth*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A person affected with asthma.

ASTIGMATIC
As`tig*mat"ic, a. (Med. & Opt.)

Defn: Affected with, or pertaining to, astigmatism; as, astigmatic eyes; also, remedying astigmatism; as, astigmatic lenses.

ASTIGMATISM
A*stig"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. astigmatisme.] (Med. & Opt.)

Defn: A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence of which the rays derived from one point are not brought to a single focal point, thus causing imperfect images or indistictness of vision.

Note: The term is applied especially to the defect causing images of lines having a certain direction to be indistinct, or imperfectly seen, while those of lines transverse to the former are distinct, or clearly seen.

ASTIPULATE As*tip"u*late, v. i. Etym: [L. astipulari; ad + stipulari to stipulate.]

Defn: To assent. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ASTIPULATION
As*tip`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. astipulatio.]

Defn: Stipulation; agreement. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

ASTIR
A*stir", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + stir.]

Defn: Stirring; in a state of activity or motion; out of bed.

ASTOMATOUS; ASTOMOUS
A*stom"a*tous, As"to*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Not possessing a mouth.

ASTON; ASTONE
As*ton", As*tone", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astoned, Astond, or Astound.]
Etym: [See Astonish.]

Defn: To stun; to astonish; to stupefy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASTONIED
As*ton"ied, p. p.

Defn: Stunned; astonished. See Astony. [Archaic]
And I astonied fell and could not pray. Mrs. Browning.

ASTONISH
As*ton"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astonished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Astonishing.] Etym: [OE. astonien, astunian, astonen, OF. estoner, F.
étonner, fr. L. ex out + tonare to thunder, but perhaps influenced by
E. stun. See Thunder, Astound, Astony.]

1. To stun; to render senseless, as by a blow. [Obs.] Enough, captain; you have astonished him. [Fluellen had struck Pistol]. Shak. The very cramp-fish [i. e., torpedo] . . . being herself not benumbed, is able to astonish others. Holland.

2. To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder; to amaze; to surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable; to confound with some sudden emotion or passion. Musidorus . . . had his wits astonished with sorrow. Sidney. I, Daniel . . . was astonished at the vision. Dan. viii. 27.

Syn. — To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise. — Astonished, Surprised. We are surprised at what is unexpected. We are astonished at what is above or beyond our comprehension. We are taken by surprise. We are struck with astonishment. C. J. Smith. See Amaze.

ASTONISHEDLY
As*ton"ish*ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In an astonished manner. [R.] Bp. Hall.

ASTONISHING
As*ton"ish*ing, a.

Defn: Very wonderful; of a nature to excite astonishment; as, an astonishing event.

Syn.
 — Amazing; surprising; wonderful; marvelous. As*ton"ish*ing*ly,
adv.
 — As*ton"ish*ing*ness, n.

ASTONISHMENT
As*ton"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. est, F. étonnement.]

1. The condition of one who is stunned. Hence: Numbness; loss of sensation; stupor; loss of sense. [Obs.] A coldness and astonishment in his loins, as folk say. Holland.

2. Dismay; consternation. [Archaic] Spenser.

3. The overpowering emotion excited when something unaccountable, wonderful, or dreadful is presented to the mind; an intense degree of surprise; amazement. Lest the place And my quaint habits breed astonishment. Milton.

4. The object causing such an emotion. Thou shalt become an astonishment. Deut. xxviii. 37.

Syn.
 — Amazement; wonder; surprise.

ASTONY
As*ton"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astonied; p. pr. & vb. n. Astonying.
See Astone.]

Defn: To stun; to bewilder; to astonish; to dismay. [Archaic] The captain of the Helots . . . strake Palladius upon the side of his head, that he reeled astonied. Sir P. Sidney. This sodeyn cas this man astonied so, That reed he wex, abayst, and al quaking. Chaucer.

ASTOOP
A*stoop", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + stoop.]

Defn: In a stooping or inclined position. Gay.

ASTOUND
As*tound", a. Etym: [OE. astouned, astound, astoned, p. p. of astone.
See Astone.]

Defn: Stunned; astounded; astonished. [Archaic] Spenser.
Thus Ellen, dizzy and astound. As sudden ruin yawned around. Sir W.
Scott.

ASTOUND As*tound", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astounded, [Obs.] Astound; p. pr. & vb. n. Astounding.] Etym: [See Astound, a.]

1. To stun; to stupefy. No puissant stroke his senses once astound. Fairfax.

2. To astonish; to strike with amazement; to confound with wonder,
surprise, or fear.
These thoughts may startle well, but not astound The virtuous mind.
Milton.

ASTOUNDING
As*tound"ing, a.

Defn: Of a nature to astound; astonishing; amazing; as, an astounding force, statement, or fact. — As*tound"ing*ly, adv.

ASTOUNDMENT
As*tound"ment, n.

Defn: Amazement. Coleridge.

ASTRACHAN
As`tra*chan", a. & n.

Defn: See Astrakhan.

ASTRADDLE
A*strad"dle, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + straddle.]

Defn: In a straddling position; astride; bestriding; as, to sit astraddle a horse.

ASTRAEAN
As*træ"an, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the genus Astræa or the family Astræidæ.
 — n.

Defn: A coral of the family Astræidæ; a star coral.

ASTRAGAL
As"tra*gal, n. Etym: [L. astragalus, Gr.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A convex molding of rounded surface, generally from half to three quarters of a circle.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: A round molding encircling a cannon near the mouth.

ASTRAGALAR
As*trag"a*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the astragalus.

ASTRAGALOID
As*trag"a*loid, a. Etym: [Astragalus + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling the astragalus in form.

ASTRAGALOMANCY
As*trag"a*lo*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of small bones or dice.

ASTRAGALUS
As*trag"a*lus, n. Etym: [L. See Astragal.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the tarsus which articulates with the tibia at the ankle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of papilionaceous plants, of the tribe Galegeæ, containing numerous species, two of which are called, in English, milk vetch and licorice vetch. Gum tragacanth is obtained from different oriental species, particularly the A. gummifer and A. verus.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: See Astragal, 1.

ASTRAKHAN
As`tra*khan", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Astrakhan in Russia or its products; made of an Astrakhan skin. — n.

Defn: The skin of stillborn or young lambs of that region, the curled wool of which resembles fur.

ASTRAL
As"tral, a. Etym: [L. astralis, fr. astrum star, Gr. astral. See
Star.]

Defn: Pertaining to, coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry; starlike. Shines only with an astral luster. I. Taylor. Some astral forms I must invoke by prayer. Dryden. Astral lamp, an Argand lamp so constructed that no shadow is cast upon the table by the flattened ring-shaped reservoir in which the oil is contained. — Astral spirits, spirits formerly supposed to live in the heavenly bodies or the aërial regions, and represented in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead, or spirits originating in fire.

ASTRAND
A*strand", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + strand.]

Defn: Stranded. Sir W. Scott.

ASTRAY
A*stray", adv. & a. Etym: [See Estray, Stray.]

Defn: Out of the right, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering; as, to lead one astray. Ye were as sheep going astray. 1 Pet. ii. 25.

ASTRICT
As*trict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astricted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Astricting.] Etym: [L. astrictus, p. p. of astringere. See Astringe.]

1. To bind up; to confine; to constrict; to contract. The solid parts were to be relaxed or astricted. Arbuthnot.

2. To bind; to constrain; to restrict; to limit. [R.] The mind is astricted to certain necessary modes or forms of thought. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. (Scots Law)

Defn: To restrict the tenure of; as, to astrict lands. See
Astriction, 4. Burrill.

ASTRICT
As*trict", a.

Defn: Concise; contracted. [Obs.] Weever.

ASTRICTION
As*tric"tion, n. Etym: [L. astrictio.]

1. The act of binding; restriction; also, obligation. Milton.

2. (Med.) (a) A contraction of parts by applications; the action of an astringent substance on the animal economy. Dunglison. (b) Constipation. Arbuthnot.

3. Astringency. [Obs.] Bacon.

4. (Scots Law)

Defn: An obligation to have the grain growing on certain lands ground at a certain mill, the owner paying a toll. Bell.

Note: The lands were said to be astricted to the mill.

ASTRICTIVE
As*tric"tive, a.

Defn: Binding; astringent.
 — n.

Defn: An astringent.
 — As*tric"tive*ly, adv.

ASTRICTORY
As*tric"to*ry, a.

Defn: Astrictive. [R.]

ASTRIDE
A*stride", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + stride.]

Defn: With one leg on each side, as a man when on horseback; with the
legs stretched wide apart; astraddle.
Placed astride upon the bars of the palisade. Sir W. Scott.
Glasses with horn bows sat astride on his nose. Longfellow.

ASTRIFEROUS
As*trif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. astrifer; astrum star + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Bearing stars. [R.] Blount.

ASTRINGE
As*tringe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Astringed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Astringing.] Etym: [L. astringere; ad + stringere to draw tight. Cf.
Astrict, and see Strain, v. t.]

1. To bind fast; to constrict; to contract; to cause parts to draw together; to compress. Which contraction . . . astringeth the moistuBacon.

2. To bind by moral or legal obligation. Wolsey.

ASTRINGENCY
As*trin"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being astringent; the power of contracting the parts of the body; that quality in medicines or other substances which causes contraction of the organic textures; as, the astringency of tannin.

ASTRINGENT As*trin"gent, a. Etym: [L. astringens, p. pr. of astringere: cf. F. astringent. See Astringe.]

1. Drawing together the tissues; binding; contracting; — opposed to laxative; as, astringent medicines; a butter and astringent taste; astringent fruit.

2. Stern; austere; as, an astringent type of virtue.

ASTRINGENT
As*trin"gent, n.

Defn: A medicine or other substance that produces contraction in the soft organic textures, and checks discharges of blood, mucus, etc. External astringents are called styptics. Dunglison.

ASTRINGENTLY
As*trin"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an astringent manner.

ASTRINGER As*trin"ger, n. Etym: [OE. ostreger, OF. ostrucier, F. autoursier, fr. OF. austour, ostor, hawk, F. autour; cf. L. acceptor, for accipiter, hawk.]

Defn: A falconer who keeps a goschawk. [Obs.] Shak. Cowell. [Written also austringer.]

ASTRO-
As"tro-.

Defn: The combining form of the Greek word 'a`stron, meaning star.

ASTROFEL; ASTROFELL
As"tro*fel, As"tro*fell, n.

Defn: A bitter herb, probably the same as aster, or starwort.
Spenser.

ASTROGENY
As*trog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Astro- + Gr.

Defn: The creation or evolution of the stars or the heavens. H.
Spencer.

ASTROGNOSY
As*trog"no*sy, n. Etym: [Astro- + Gr.

Defn: The science or knowledge of the stars, esp. the fixed stars.
Bouvier.

ASTROGONY
As*trog"o*ny, n.

Defn: Same as Astrogeny.
 — As`*tro*gon"ic, a.

ASTROGRAPHY
As*trog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Astro'cf + -graphy.]

Defn: The art of describing or delineating the stars; a description or mapping of the heavens.

ASTROITE
As"tro*ite, n. Etym: [L. astroites: cf. F. astroite.]

Defn: A radiated stone or fossil; star-stone. [Obs.] [Written also astrite and astrion.]

ASTROLABE As"tro*labe, n. Etym: [OE. astrolabie, astrilabe, OF. astrelabe, F. astrolabe, LL. astrolabium, fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument for observing or showing the positions of the stars. It is now disused.

Note: Among the ancients, it was essentially the armillary sphere. A graduated circle with sights, for taking altitudes at sea, was called an astrolabe in the 18th century. It is now superseded by the quadrant and sextant.

2. A stereographic projection of the sphere on the plane of a great circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a planisphere. Whewell.

ASTROLATER
As*trol"a*ter, n.

Defn: A worshiper of the stars. Morley.

ASTROLATRY
As*trol"a*try, n. Etym: [Astro- + Gr. astrolâtrie.]

Defn: The worship of the stars.

ASTROLITHOLOGY
As`tro*li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Astro- + lithology.]

Defn: The science of aërolites.

ASTROLOGER
As*trol"o*ger, n. Etym: [See Astrology.]

1. One who studies the stars; an astronomer. [Obs.]

2. One who practices astrology; one who professes to foretell events by the aspects and situation of the stars.

ASTROLOGIAN
As`tro*lo"gi*an, n. Etym: [OF. astrologien.]

Defn: An astrologer. [Obs.]

ASTROLOGIC; ASTROLOGICAL
As`tro*log"ic, As`tro*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to astrology; professing or practicing astrology. "Astrologi learning." Hudibras. "Astrological prognostication." Cudworth. — As`tro*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ASTROLOGIZE
As*trol"o*gize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To apply astrology to; to study or practice astrology.

ASTROLOGY
As*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [F. astrologie, L. astrologia, fr. Gr. Star.]

Defn: In its etymological signification, the science of the stars; among the ancients, synonymous with astronomy; subsequently, the art of judging of the influences of the stars upon human affairs, and of foretelling events by their position and aspects.

Note: Astrology was much in vogue during the Middle Ages, and became the parent of modern astronomy, as alchemy did of chemistry. It was divided into two kinds: judicial astrology, which assumed to foretell the fate and acts of nations and individuals, and natural astrology, which undertook to predict events of inanimate nature, such as changes of the weather, etc.

ASTROMANTIC
As`tro*man"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to divination by means of the stars; astrologic. [R.] Dr. H. More.

ASTROMETEOROLOGY
As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Astro- + meteorology.]

Defn: The investigation of the relation between the sun, moon, and
stars, and the weather.
 — As`*tro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al, a.
 — As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gist, n.

ASTROMETER
As*trom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Astro- + meter.]

Defn: An instrument for comparing the relative amount of the light of stars.

ASTROMETRY
As*trom"e*try, n. Etym: [Astro- + metry.]

Defn: The art of making measurements among the stars, or of determining their relative magnitudes.

ASTRONOMER
As*tron"o*mer, n. Etym: [See Astronomy.]

1. An astrologer. [Obs.] Shak.

2. One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a knowledge of the laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by which their motions are regulated, with their various phenomena. An undevout astronomer is mad. Young.

ASTRONOMIAN
As`tro*no"mi*an, n. Etym: [OE. & OF. astronomien. See Astronomy.]

Defn: An astrologer. [Obs.]

ASTRONOMIC
As`tro*nom"ic, a.

Defn: Astronomical.

ASTRONOMICAL
As`tro*nom"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. astronomicus, Gr. astronomique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to astronomy; in accordance with the methods
or principles of astronomy.
 — As`tro*nom"ic*al*ly, adv. Astronomical clock. See under Clock.
 — Astronomical day. See under Day.
 — Astronomical fractions, Astronomical numbers. See under
Sexagesimal.

ASTRONOMIZE
As*tron"o*mize, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To study or to talk astronomy. [R.]
They astronomized in caves. Sir T. Browne.

ASTRONOMY As*tron"o*my, n. Etym: [OE. astronomie, F. astronomie, L. astronomia, fr. Gr. Star, and Nomad.]

1. Astrology. [Obs.] Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck; And yet methinks I have astronomy. Shak.

2. The science which treats of the celestial bodies, of their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolution, eclipses, constitution, physical condition, and of the causes of their various phenomena.

3. A treatise on, or text-book of, the science. Physical astronomy. See under Physical.

ASTROPHEL
As"tro*phel, n.

Defn: See Astrofel. [Obs.]

ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY
As`tro*pho*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Astro- + photography.]

Defn: The application of photography to the delineation of the sun, moon, and stars.

ASTROPHOTOMETER
As`tro*pho*tom"e*ter, n. [Pref. astro- + photometer.] (Astron.)

Defn: A photometer for measuring the brightness of stars.

ASTROPHOTOMETRY
As`tro*pho*tom"e*try, n. (Astron.)

Defn: The determination of the brightness of stars, and also of the sun, moon, and planets. —As`tro*pho`to*met"ric*al (#), a.

ASTROPHYSICAL
As`tro*phys"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the physics of astronomical science.

ASTROPHYSICS
As`tro*phys"ics, n. [Astro-+ physics.] (Astron.)

Defn: The science treating of the physical characteristics of the stars and other heavenly bodies, their chemical constitution, light, heat, atmospheres, etc.

 Its observations are made with the spectroscope, bolometer, etc.,
usually in connection with the telescope.

ASTROPHYTON
As*troph"y*ton, n. Etym: [Astro- + Gr. fyton a plant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ophiurans having the arms much branched.

ASTROSCOPE
As"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Astro- + scope.]

Defn: An old astronomical instrument, formed of two cones, on whose surface the constellations were delineated.

ASTROSCOPY
As*tros"co*py, n.

Defn: Observation of the stars. [Obs.]

ASTROTHEOLOGY
As`tro*the*ol"*o*gy, n. Etym: [Astro- + theology.]

Defn: Theology founded on observation or knowledge of the celestial bodies. Derham.

ASTRUCTIVE A*struc"tive, a. Etym: [L. astructus, p. p. of astruere to build up; ad + struere to build.]

Defn: Building up; constructive; — opposed to destructive. [Obs.]

ASTRUT
A*strut", a. & adv.

1. Sticking out, or puffed out; swelling; in a swelling manner. [Archaic] Inflated and astrut with self-conceit. Cowper.

2. In a strutting manner; with a strutting gait.

ASTUCIOUS
As*tu"cious, a. Etym: [F. astucieux. See Astute.]

Defn: Subtle; cunning; astute. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
 — As*tu"cious*ly, adv. [R.]

ASTUCITY
As*tu"ci*ty, n. Etym: [See Astucious.]

Defn: Craftiness; astuteness. [R.] Carlyle.

ASTUN
A*stun", v. t. Etym: [See Astony, Stun.]

Defn: To stun. [Obs.] "Breathless and astunned." Somerville.

ASTURIAN
As*tu"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Asturias in Spain.
 — n.

Defn: A native of Asturias.

ASTUTE As*tute", a. Etym: [L. astutus, fr. astus craft, cunning; perh. cognate with E. acute.]

Defn: Critically discerning; sagacious; shrewd; subtle; crafty.

Syn.
 — Keen; eagle-eyed; penetrating; skilled; discriminating; cunning;
sagacious; subtle; wily; crafty. As*tute"ly, adv.
 — As*tute"ness, n.

ASTYLAR
A*sty"lar, a. Etym: [Gr. (arch.)

Defn: Without columns or pilasters. Weale.

ASTYLLEN
A*styl"len, n. (Mining)

Defn: A small dam to prevent free passage of water in an adit or level.

ASUNDER
A*sun"der, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + sunder.]

Defn: Apart; separate from each other; into parts; in two;
separately; into or in different pieces or places.
I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it asunder. Zech. xi. 10.
As wide asunder as pole and pole. Froude.

ASURA
A*su"ra, n. (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: An enemy of the gods, esp. one of a race of demons and giants.

ASWAIL
As"wail, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sloth bear (Melursus labiatus) of India.

ASWEVE
A*sweve", v. t. Etym: [AS. aswebban; a + swebban. See Sweven.]

Defn: To stupefy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ASWING
A*swing", adv.

Defn: In a state of swinging.

ASWOON
A*swoon", adv.

Defn: In a swoon. Chaucer.

ASWOONED
A*swooned", adv.

Defn: In a swoon.

ASYLUM
A*sy"lum, n.; pl. E. Asylums, L. Asyla. Etym: [L. asylum, Gr.

1. A sanctuary or place of refuge and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and from which they could not be forcibly taken without sacrilege. So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an asylum or sanctuary. Ayliffe.

Note: The name was anciently given to temples, altars, statues of the gods, and the like. In later times Christian churches were regarded as asylums in the same sense.

2. Any place of retreat and security. Earth has no other asylum for them than its own cold bosom. Southey.

3. An institution for the protection or relief of some class of destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons; as, an asylum for the aged, for the blind, or for the insane; a lunatic asylum; an orphan asylum.

ASYMMETRAL
A*sym"me*tral, a.

Defn: Incommensurable; also, unsymmetrical. [Obs.] D. H. More.

ASYMMETRIC; ASYMMETRICAL
As`ym*met"ric, As`ym*met"ri*cal, a. Etym: [See Asymmetrous.]

1. Incommensurable. [Obs.]

2. Not symmetrical; wanting proportion; esp., not bilaterally symmetrical. Huxley.

ASYMMETROUS
A*sym"me*trous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Asymmetrical. [Obs.] Barrow.

ASYMMETRY
A*sym"me*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. Want of symmetry, or proportion between the parts of a thing, esp. want of bilateral symmetry.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Incommensurability. [Obs.] Barrow.

ASYMPTOTE
As"ymp*tote, n. Etym: [Gr. Symptom.] (Math.)

Defn: A line which approaches nearer to some curve than assignable distance, but, though infinitely extended, would never meet it. Asymptotes may be straight lines or curves. A rectilinear asymptote may be conceived as a tangent to the curve at an infinite distance.

ASYNARTETE
A*syn"ar*tete`, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Disconnected; not fitted or adjusted. — A*syn"ar*tet"ic, a. Asynartete verse (Pros.), a verse of two members, having different rhythms; as when the first consists of iambuses and the second of trochees.

ASYNCHRONOUS
A*syn"chro*nous, a. [Gr. not + synchronous.]

Defn: Not simultaneous; not concurrent in time; —opposed to synchronous.

ASYNDETIC
As`yn*det"ic, a. Etym: [See Asyndeton.]

Defn: Characterized by the use of asyndeton; not connected by
conjunctions.
 — As`yn*det"ic*al*ly, adv.

ASYNDETON
A*syn"de*ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure which omits the connective; as, I came, I saw, I conquered. It stands opposed to polysyndeton.

ASYSTOLE
A*sys"to*le, n. Etym: [Pref. a- not + systole.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A weakening or cessation of the contractile power of the heart.

ASYSTOLISM
A*sys"to*lism, n.

Defn: The state or symptoms characteristic of asystole.

AT At, prep. Etym: [AS. æt; akin to OHG. az, Goth., OS., & Icel. at, Sw. åt, Dan. & L. ad.]

Defn: Primarily, this word expresses the relations of presence, nearness in place or time, or direction toward; as, at the ninth hour; at the house; to aim at a mark. It is less definite than in or on; at the house may be in or near the house. From this original import are derived all the various uses of at. It expresses: -

1. A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or on, something; as, at the door; at your shop; at home; at school; at hand; at sea and on land.

2. The relation of some state or condition; as, at war; at peace; at ease; at your service; at fault; at liberty; at risk; at disadvantage.

3. The relation of some employment or action; occupied with; as, at engraving; at husbandry; at play; at work; at meat (eating); except at puns.

4. The relation of a point or position in a series, or of degree, rate, or value; as, with the thermometer at 80º; goods sold at a cheap price; a country estimated at 10,000 square miles; life is short at the longest.

5. The relations of time, age, or order; as, at ten o'clock; at twenty-one; at once; at first.

6. The relations of source, occasion, reason, consequence, or effect; as, at the sight; at this news; merry at anything; at this declaration; at his command; to demand, require, receive, deserve, endure at your hands.

7. Relation of direction toward an object or end; as, look at it; to point at one; to aim at a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh at any one. At all, At home, At large, At last, At length, At once, etc. See under All, Home, Large, Last (phrase and syn.), Length, Once, etc. — At it, busily or actively engaged. — At least. See Least and However. — At one. See At one, in the Vocabulary.

Syn. — In, At. When reference to the interior of any place is made prominent in is used. It is used before the names of countries and cities (esp. large cities); as, we live in America, in New York, in the South. At is commonly employed before names of houses, institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated at Christ's College; money taken in at the Customhouse; I saw him at the jeweler's; we live at Beachville. At may be used before the name of a city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality. "An English king was crowned at Paris." Macaulay. "Jean Jacques Rousseau was born at Geneva, June, 28, 1712." J. Morley. In regard to time, we say at the hour, on the day, in the year; as, at 9 o'clock, on the morning of July 5th, in the year 1775.

ATABAL At"a*bal, n. Etym: [Sp. atabal, fr. Ar. at-tabl the drum, tabala to beat the drum. Cf. Tymbal.]

Defn: A kettledrum; a kind of tabor, used by the Moors. Croly.

ATACAMITE
A*tac"a*mite, n. Etym: [From the desert of Atacama, where found.]
(Min.)

Defn: An oxychloride of copper, usually in emerald-green prismatic crystals.

ATAFTER
At`aft"er, prep.

Defn: After. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATAGHAN
At"a*ghan, n.

Defn: See Yataghan.

ATAKE
A*take", v. t.

Defn: To overtake. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATAMAN At"a*man, n. Etym: [Russ. ataman': cf. Pol. hetman, G. hauptmann headman, chieftain. Cf. Hetman.]

Defn: A hetman, or chief of the Cossacks.

ATAMASCO LILY
At`a*mas"co lil"y. [Atamasco is fr. North American Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: See under Lily.

ATARAXIA; ATARAXY
At`a*rax"i*a, At"a*rax`y, n. Etym: [NL. ataraxia, Gr.

Defn: Perfect peace of mind, or calmness.

ATAUNT; ATAUNTO
A*taunt", A*taunt"o, adv. Etym: [F. autant as much (as possible).]
(Naut.)

Defn: Fully rigged, as a vessel; with all sails set; set on end or set right.

ATAVIC
A*tav"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atavique.]

Defn: Pertaining to a remote ancestor, or to atavism.

ATAVISM At"a*vism, n. Etym: [L. atavus an ancestor, fr. avus a grandfather.] (a) The recurrence, or a tendency to a recurrence, of the original type of a species in the progeny of its varieties; resemblance to remote rather than to near ancestors; reversion to the original form. (b) (Biol.) The recurrence of any peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a subsequent generation, after an intermission for a generation or two. Now and then there occur cases of what physiologists call atavism, or reversion to an ancestral type of character. J. Fiske

ATAXIA; ATAXY
A*tax"i*a, At"ax*y, n. Etym: [NL. ataxia, Gr. ataxie.]

1. Disorder; irregularity. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. (Med.) (a) Irregularity in disease, or in the functions. (b) The state of disorder that characterizes nervous fevers and the nervous condition. Locomotor ataxia. See Locomotor.

ATAXIC
A*tax"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ataxique. See Ataxia.] (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by ataxy, that is, (a) by great irregularity of functions or symptoms, or (b) by a want of coordinating power in movements. Ataxic fever, malignant typhus fever. Pinel.

ATAZIR
At`a*zir", n. Etym: [OF., fr. Ar. al-tasir influence.] (Astron.)

Defn: The influence of a star upon other stars or upon men. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

ATE
Ate,

Defn: the preterit of Eat.

ATE
A"te, n. Etym: [Gr. (Greek. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of mischievous folly; also, in later poets, the goddess of vengeance.

-ATE -ate. Etym: [From the L. suffix -atus, the past participle ending of verbs of the 1st conj.]

1. As an ending of participles or participial adjectives it is equivalent to -ed; as, situate or situated; animate or animated.

2. As the ending of a verb, it means to make, to cause, to act, etc.; as, to propitiate (to make propitious); to animate (to give life to).

3. As a noun suffix, it marks the agent; as, curate, delegate. It also sometimes marks the office or dignity; as, tribunate.

4. In chemistry it is used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end -ic (excepting binary or halogen acids); as, sulphate from sulphuric acid, nitrate from nitric acid, etc. It is also used in the case of certain basic salts.

ATECHNIC
A*tech"nic, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + technic.]

Defn: Without technical or artistic knowledge.
Difficult to convey to the atechnic reader. Etching & Engr.

ATELES
At"e*les, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of American monkeys with prehensile tails, and having the thumb wanting or rudimentary. See Spider monkey, and Coaita.

ATELETS SAUCE; SAUCE AUX HATELETS
A`te*lets" sauce or Sauce` aux ha`te*lets". [F. hâtelet skewer.]

Defn: A sauce (such as egg and bread crumbs) used for covering bits of meat, small birds, or fish, strung on skewers for frying.

ATELIER
A`te*lier" n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A workshop; a studio.

ATELLAN
A*tel"lan, a. Etym: [L. Atellanus, fr. Atella, an ancient town of the
Osci, in Campania.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Atella, in ancient Italy; as, Atellan plays; farcical; ribald. — n.

Defn: A farcical drama performed at Atella.

ATHALAMOUS
A*thal"a*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Not furnished with shields or beds for the spores, as the thallus of certain lichens.

ATHAMAUNT
Ath"a*maunt, n.

Defn: Adamant. [Obs.]
Written in the table of athamaunt. Chaucer.

ATHANASIA; ATHANASY Ath`a*na"si*a, A*than"a*sy, n. [NL. athanasia, fr. Gr. ; priv. + death.]

Defn: The quality of being deathless; immortality.

Is not a scholiastic athanasy better than none
Lowell.

ATHANASIAN
Ath`a*na"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria in the 4th century. Athanasian creed, a formulary, confession, or exposition of faith, formerly supposed to have been drawn up by Athanasius; but this opinion is now rejected, and the composition is ascribed by some to Hilary, bishop of Arles (5th century). It is a summary of what was called the orthodox faith.

ATHANOR Ath"a*nor, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. at-tannur, fr. Heb. tannur an oven or furnace.]

Defn: A digesting furnace, formerly used by alchemists. It was so constructed as to maintain uniform and durable heat. Chambers.

ATHECATA
Ath`e*ca"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hydroidea in which the zooids are naked, or not inclosed in a capsule. See Tubularian.

ATHEISM
A"the*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. athéisme. See Atheist.]

1. The disbelief or denial of the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. Atheism is a ferocious system, that leaves nothing above us to excite awe, nor around us to awaken tenderness. R. Hall. Atheism and pantheism are often wrongly confounded. Shipley.

2. Godlessness.

ATHEIST
A"the*ist, n. Etym: [Gr. athéiste.]

1. One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being.

2. A godless person. [Obs.]

Syn.
 — Infidel; unbeliever.

Note: See Infidel.

ATHEISTIC; ATHEISTICAL
A`the*is"tic, A`the*is"tic*al, a.

1. Pertaining to, implying, or containing, atheism; — applied to things; as, atheistic doctrines, opinions, or books. Atheistical explications of natural effects. Barrow.

2. Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious; godless; — applied
to persons; as, an atheistic writer.
 — A`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.
 — A`the*is"tic*al*ness, n.

ATHEIZE
A"the*ize, v. t.

Defn: To render atheistic or godless. [R.]
They endeavored to atheize one another. Berkeley.

ATHEIZE
A"the*ize, v. i.

Defn: To discourse, argue, or act as an atheist. [R.] — A"the*i`zer, n. Cudworth.

ATHELING Ath"el*ing, n. Etym: [AS. æ noble, fr. æ noble, akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The word æ, E. ethel, is in many AS. proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf; Ethelbald, noble bold; Ethelbert, noble bright.]

Defn: An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the heir apparent or a prince of the royal family. [Written also Adeling and Ætheling.]

ATHENEUM; ATHENAEUM
Ath`e*ne"um, Ath`e*næ"um, n.; pl. E. Atheneums, L. Athenæa. Etym: [L.
Athenaemum, Gr. Minerva by the Romans), the tutelary goddess of
Athens.]

1 (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A temple of Athene, at Athens, in which scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works and instruct students.

2. A school founded at Rome by Hadrian.

3. A literary or scientific association or club.

4. A building or an apartment where a library, periodicals, and newspapers are kept for use.

ATHENIAN
A*the"ni*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Athénien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of Greece.
 — n. A native or citizen of Athens.

ATHEOLOGICAL
A`the*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Opposed to theology; atheistic. Bp. Montagu.

ATHEOLOGY
A`the*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Pref. a- not + theology.]

Defn: Antagonism to theology. Swift.

ATHEOUS
A"the*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. Atheist.]

1. Atheistic; impious. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Without God, neither accepting nor denying him. I should say science was atheous, and therefore could not be atheistic. Bp. of Carlisle.

ATHERINE
Ath"er*ine, n. Etym: [NL. atherina, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine fish of the family Atherinidæ, having a silvery stripe along the sides. The European species (Atherina presbyter) is used as food. The American species (Menidia notata) is called silversides and sand smelt. See Silversides.

ATHERMANCY
A*ther"man*cy, n. Etym: [See Athermanous.]

Defn: Inability to transmit radiant; impermeability to heat. Tyndall.

ATHERMANOUS
A*ther"ma*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. athermane.] (Chem.)

Defn: Not transmitting heat; — opposed to diathermanous.

ATHERMOUS
A*ther"mous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Athermanous.

ATHEROID
Ath"er*oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Shaped like an ear of grain.

ATHEROMA Ath`e*ro"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) An encysted tumor containing curdy matter. (b) A disease characterized by thickening and fatty degeneration of the inner coat of the arteries.

ATHEROMATOUS
Ath`e*rom"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or having the nature of, atheroma. Wiseman.

ATHETIZE
Ath"e*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Athetized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Athetizing.] [Gr. , fr. set aside, not fixed; not + to place.]

Defn: To set aside or reject as spurious, as by marking with an obelus.

ATHETOSIS
Ath`e*to"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A variety of chorea, marked by peculiar tremors of the fingers and toes.

ATHINK
A*think", v. t.

Defn: To repent; to displease; to disgust. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATHIRST A*thirst", a. Etym: [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan; pref. of-, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.]

1. Wanting drink; thirsty.

2. Having a keen appetite or desire; eager; longing. "Athirst for battle." Cowper.

ATHLETE
Ath"lete, n. Etym: [L. athleta, Gr. wed: cf. F. athlète.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: One who contended for a prize in the public games of ancient
Greece or Rome.

2. Any one trained to contend in exercises requiring great physical agility and strength; one who has great activity and strength; a champion.

3. One fitted for, or skilled in, intellectual contests; as, athletes of debate.

ATHLETIC
Ath`let"ic, a. Etym: [L. athleticus, Gr. Athlete.]

1. Of or pertaining to athletes or to the exercises practiced by them; as, athletic games or sports.

2. Befitting an athlete; strong; muscular; robust; vigorous; as, athletic Celts. "Athletic soundness." South. — Ath*let"ic*al*ly, adv.

ATHLETICISM
Ath*let"i*cism, n.

Defn: The practice of engaging in athletic games; athletism.

ATHLETICS
Ath*let"ics, n.

Defn: The art of training by athletic exercises; the games and sports of athletes.

ATHLETISM
Ath"le*tism, n.

Defn: The state or practice of an athlete; the characteristics of an athlete.

ATHREPSIA
A*threp"si*a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. priv. + nourishment.] (Med.)

Defn: Profound debility of children due to lack of food and to unhygienic surroundings. —A*threp"tic (#), a.

ATHWART
A*thwart", prep. Etym: [Pref. a- + thwart.]

1. Across; from side to side of. Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Across the direction or course of; as, a fleet standing athwart our course. Athwart hawse, across the stem of another vessel, whether in contact or at a small distance. — Athwart ships, across the ship from side to side, or in that direction; — opposed to fore and aft.

ATHWART
A*thwart", adv.

Defn: 1. Across, especially in an oblique direction; sidewise;
obliquely.
Sometimes athwart, sometimes he strook him straight. Spenser.

2. Across the course; so as to thwart; perversely. All athwart there came A post from Wales loaden with heavy news. Shak.

ATILT
A*tilt", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + tilt.]

1. In the manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of one making a thrust. "To run atilt at men." Hudibras.

2. In the position of a cask tilted, or with one end raised.

Note: [In this sense sometimes used as an adjective.]
Abroach, atilt, and run Even to the lees of honor. Beau. & Fl.

ATIMY
At"i*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Public disgrace or stigma; infamy; loss of civil rights.
Mitford.

-ATION -a"tion. Etym: [L. -ationem. See -tion.]

Defn: A suffix forming nouns of action, and often equivalent to the verbal substantive in -ing. It sometimes has the further meanings of state, and that which results from the action. Many of these nouns have verbs in -ate; as, alliterate -ation, narrate -ation; many are derived through the French; as, alteration, visitation; and many are formed on verbs ending in the Greek formative -ize (Fr. -ise); as, civilization, demoralization.

A-TIPTOE
A-tip"toe, adv.

Defn: On tiptoe; eagerly expecting.
We all feel a-tiptoe with hope and confidence. F. Harrison.

ATLANTA
At*lan"ta, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small glassy heteropod mollusks found swimming at the surface in mid ocean. See Heteropod.

ATLANTAL At*lan"tal, a. (Anat.) (a) Relating to the atlas. (b) Anterior; cephalic. Barclay.

ATLANTEAN
At`lan*te"an, a. Etym: [L. Atlant.]

1. Of or pertaining to the isle Atlantis, which the ancients allege was sunk, and overwhelmed by the ocean.

2. Pertaining to, or resembling, Atlas; strong. With Atlantean shoulders, fit to bear The weight of mightiest monarchies. Milton.

ATLANTES
At*lan"tes, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Atlas.] (Arch.)

Defn: Figures or half figures of men, used as columns to support an entablature; — called also telamones. See Caryatides. Oxf. Gloss.

ATLANTIC
At*lan"tic, a. Etym: [L. Atlanticus, fr. Atlas. See Atlas and
Atlantes.]

1. Of or pertaining to Mt. Atlas in Libya, and hence applied to the ocean which lies between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west; as, the Atlantic Ocean (called also the Atlantic); the Atlantic basin; the Atlantic telegraph.

2. Of or pertaining to the isle of Atlantis.

3. Descended from Atlas. The seven Atlantic sisters. Milton.

ATLANTIDES
At*lan"ti*des, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Atlantes.]

Defn: The Pleiades or seven stars, fabled to have been the daughters of Atlas.

ATLAS
At"las, n.; pl. Atlases. Etym: [L. Atlas, -antis, Gr. Atlas, in W.
Africa, regarded as the pillar of heaven. It is from the root of
Tolerate.]

1. One who sustains a great burden.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The first vertebra of the neck, articulating immediately with the skull, thus sustaining the globe of the head, whence the name.

3. A collection of maps in a volume; —

Note: supposed to be so called from a picture of Atlas supporting the world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to have been first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in the 16th century.

Note:

4. A volume of plates illustrating any subject.

5. A work in which subjects are exhibited in a tabular from or arrangement; as, an historical atlas.

6. A large, square folio, resembling a volume of maps; — called also atlas folio.

7. A drawing paper of large size. See under Paper, n. Atlas powder, a nitroglycerin blasting compound of pasty consistency and great explosive power.

ATLAS
At"las, n. Etym: [Ar., smooth.]

Defn: A rich kind of satin manufactured in India. Brande & C.

ATLAS POWDER
At"las pow"der.

Defn: A blasting powder or dynamite composed of nitroglycerin, wood fiber, sodium nitrate, and magnesium carbonate.

ATMAN At"man, n. [Skr. atman.] (Hinduism) (a) The life principle, soul, or individual essence. (b) The universal ego from whom all individual atmans arise. This sense is a European excrescence on the East Indian thought.

ATMIATRY
At*mi"a*try, n. [Gr. vapor + medical treatment, healing.]

Defn: Treatment of disease by vapors or gases, as by inhalation.

ATMIDOMETER
At`mi*dom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter; cf. F. atmidomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the evaporation from water, ice, or snow. Brande & C.

ATMO
At"mo, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. atmosphere.] (Physics)

Defn: The standard atmospheric pressure used in certain physical measurements calculations; conventionally, that pressure under which the barometer stands at 760 millimeters, at a temperature of 0º Centigrade, at the level of the sea, and in the latitude of Paris. Sir W. Thomson.

ATMOLOGIC; ATMOLOGICAL
At`mo*log"ic, At`mo*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to atmology. "Atmological laws of heat."
Whewell.

ATMOLOGIST
At*mol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in atmology.

ATMOLOGY
At*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Physics)

Defn: That branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena of aqueous vapor. Whewell.

ATMOLYSIS
At*mol"y*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of separating mingled gases of unequal diffusibility by transmission through porous substances.

ATMOLYZATION
At`mol*y*za"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Separation by atmolysis.

ATMOLYZE
At"mo*lyze, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to atmolysis; to separate by atmolysis.

ATMOLYZER
At"mo*ly`zer, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for effecting atmolysis.

ATMOMETER
At*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. atmomètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the rate of evaporation from a moist surface; an evaporometer. Huxley.

ATMOSPHERE At"mos*phere, n. Etym: [Gr. atman breath, soul, G. athem breath) + atmosphère. See Sphere.]

1. (Physics) (a) The whole mass of aëriform fluid surrounding the earth; — applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; as, the atmosphere of Mars. (b) Any gaseous envelope or medium. An atmosphere of cold oxygen. Miller.

2. A supposed medium around various bodies; as, electrical atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies. Franklin.

3. The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq. inch. Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650 atmospheres. Lubbock.

4. Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition. The chillest of social atmospheres. Hawthorne.

5. The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; as, the atmosphere of the room; a moist or noxious atmosphere.

ATMOSPHERIC; ATMOSPHERICAL
At`mos*pher"ic, At`mos*pher"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atmosphérique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the atmospheric envelope of the earth.

2. Existing in the atmosphere. The lower atmospheric current. Darwin.

3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere; as, an atmospheric effect; an atmospheric engine.

4. Dependent on the atmosphere. [R.] In am so atmospherical a creature. Pope. Atmospheric engine, a steam engine whose piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam which raised it is condensed within the cylinder. Tomlinson. — Atmospheric line (Steam Engin.), the equilibrium line of an indicator card. Steam is expanded "down to the atmosphere" when its pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See Indicator card.) — Atmospheric pressure, the pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in every direction. In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square inch. — Atmospheric railway, one in which pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of a vacuum, is the propelling force. — Atmospheric tides. See under Tide.

ATMOSPHERICALLY
At`mos*pher"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In relation to the atmosphere.

ATMOSPHEROLOGY
At`mos*phe*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Atmosphere + -logy.]

Defn: The science or a treatise on the atmosphere.

ATOKOUS
At"o*kous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing only asexual individuals, as the eggs of certain annelids.

ATOLE
A*to"le, n. [Mex. Sp.]

Defn: A porridge or gruel of maize meal and water, milk, or the like.
[Sp. Amer.]

ATOLL
A*toll", n. Etym: [The native name in the Indian Ocean.]

Defn: A coral island or islands, consisting of a belt of coral reef, partly submerged, surrounding a central lagoon or depression; a lagoon island.

ATOM
At"om, n. Etym: [L. atomus, Gr. atome. See Tome.]

1. (Physics) (a) An ultimate indivisible particle of matter. (b) An ultimate particle of matter not necessarily indivisible; a molecule. (c) A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to be made up of subordinate particles.

Note: These three definitions correspond to different views of the nature of the ultimate particles of matter. In the case of the last two, the particles are more correctly called molecules. Dana.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The smallest particle of matter that can enter into combination; one of the elementary constituents of a molecule.

3. Anything extremely small; a particle; a whit. There was not an atom of water. Sir J. Ross.

ATOM
At"om, v. t.

Defn: To reduce to atoms. [Obs.] Feltham.

ATOMIC; ATOMICAL
A*tom"ic, A*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atomique.]

1. Of or pertaining to atoms.

2. Extremely minute; tiny. Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of atoms, a system which assuming that atoms are endued with gravity and motion accounted thus for the origin and formation of all things. This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by Epicurus, and hence is sometimes denominated the Epicurean philosophy. — Atomic theory, or the Doctrine of definite proportions (Chem.), teaches that chemical combinations take place between the supposed ultimate particles or atoms of bodies, in some simple ratio, as of one to one, two to three, or some other, always expressible in whole numbers. — Atomic weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an element as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen, taken as a standard.

ATOMICALLY
A*tom"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an atomic manner; in accordance with the atomic philosophy.

ATOMICIAN
At`o*mi"cian, n.

Defn: An atomist. [R.]

ATOMICISM
A*tom"i*cism, n.

Defn: Atomism. [Obs.]

ATOMICITY
At`o*mic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. atomicité.] (Chem.)

Defn: Degree of atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a later use) the number of atoms in an elementary molecule. See Valence.

ATOMISM
At"om*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. atomisme.]

Defn: The doctrine of atoms. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.

ATOMIST
At"om*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. atomiste.]

Defn: One who holds to the atomic philosophy or theory. Locke.

ATOMISTIC
At`om*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to atoms; relating to atomism. [R.] It is the object of the mechanical atomistic philosophy to confound synthesis with synartesis. Coleridge.

ATOMIZATION
At`om*i*za"tion, n.

1. The act of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles; or the state of being so reduced.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The reduction of fluids into fine spray.

ATOMIZE
At"om*ize, v. t.

Defn: To reduce to atoms, or to fine spray. The liquids in the form of spray are said to be pulverized, nebulized, or atomized. Dunglison.

ATOMIZER
At"om*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, atomizes; esp., an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray for disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming.

ATOMOLOGY
At`om*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Atom + -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine of atoms. Cudworth.

ATOMY
At"om*y, n.

Defn: An atom; a mite; a pigmy.

ATOMY
At"o*my, n. Etym: [For anatomy, taken as an atomy.]

Defn: A skeleton. [Ludicrous] Shak.

ATONABLE
A*ton"a*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting an atonement; capable of being atoned for; expiable.

AT ONE
At one". Etym: [OE. at on, atone, atoon, attone.]

1. In concord or friendship; in agreement (with each other); as, to be, bring, make, or set, at one, i. e., to be or bring in or to a state of agreement or reconciliation. If gentil men, or othere of hir contree Were wrothe, she wolde bringen hem atoon. Chaucer.

2. Of the same opinion; agreed; as, on these points we are at one.

3. Together. [Obs.] Spenser. He and Aufidius can no more atone Than violentest contrariety. Shak.

2. To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation, compensation, or amends, for an offense or a crime. The murderer fell, and blood atoned for blood. Pope. The ministry not atoning for their former conduct by any wise or popular measure. Junius.

ATONE
A*tone", v. t.

1. To set at one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance; to appease. [Obs.] I would do much To atone them, for the love I bear to Cassio. Shak.

2. To unite in making. [Obs. & R.] The four elements . . . have atoned A noble league. Ford.

3. To make satisfaction for; to expiate. Or each atone his guilty love with life. Pope.

ATONEMENT
A*tone"ment, n.

1. (Literally, a setting at one.) Reconciliation; restoration of friendly relations; agreement; concord. [Archaic] By whom we have now received the atonement. Rom. v. 11. He desires to make atonement Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers. Shak.

2. Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, or by doing of suffering that which will be received in satisfaction for an offense or injury; expiation; amends; — with for. Specifically, in theology: The expiation of sin made by the obedience, personal suffering, and death of Christ. When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best atonement be can make for it is, to warn others. Spectator. The Phocians behaved with, so much gallantry, that they were thought to have made a sufficient atonement for their former offense. Potter.

ATONER
A*ton"er, n.

Defn: One who makes atonement.

ATONES
At*ones, adv.

Defn: Etym: [See At one.] [Obs.]
Down he fell atones as a stone. Chaucer.

ATONIC
A*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atonique. See Atony.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by atony, or want of vital energy; as, an atonic disease.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Unaccented; as, an atonic syllable.

3. Destitute of tone vocality; surd. Rush.

ATONIC
A*ton"ic, n.

1. (Gram.)

Defn: A word that has no accent.

2. An element of speech entirely destitute of vocality, or produced by the breath alone; a nonvocal or surd consonant; a breathing. Rush.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy capable of allaying organic excitement or irritation.
Dunglison.

ATONY
At"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. atonie.] (Med.)

Defn: Want of tone; weakness of the system, or of any organ, especially of such as are contractile.

ATOP
A*top", adv.

Defn: On or at the top. Milton.

ATRABILARIAN; ATRABILARIOUS At`ra*bi*la"ri*an, At`ra*bi*la"ri*ous, a. Etym: [LL. atrabilarius, fr. L. atra bilis black bile: cf. F. atrabilaire, fr. atrabile.]

Defn: Affected with melancholy; atrabilious. Arbuthnot.

ATRABILARIAN
At`ra*bi*la"ri*an, n.

Defn: A person much given to melancholy; a hypochondriac. I.
Disraeli.

ATRABILIAR
At`ra*bil"iar, a.

Defn: Melancholy; atrabilious.

ATRABILIARY
At`ra*bil"ia*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining to atra bilis or black bile, a fluid formerly supposed to be produced by the kidneys.

2. Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; — from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and mania. Atrabiliary arteries, capsules, and veins (Anat.), those pertaining to the kidney; — called also renal arteries, capsules, and veins.

ATRABILIOUS
At`ra*bil"ious, a.

Defn: Melancholic or hypochondriac; atrabiliary. Dunglision.
A hard-faced, atrabilious, earnest-eyed race. Lowell.
He was constitutionally atrabilious and scornful. Froude.

ATRAMENTACEOUS
At`ra*men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. atramentum ink, fr. ater black.]

Defn: Black, like ink; inky; atramental. [Obs.] Derham.

ATRAMENTAL; ATRAMENTOUS
At`ra*men"tal, At`ra*men"tous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ink; inky; black, like ink; as, atramental galls; atramentous spots.

ATRAMENTARIOUS
At`ra*men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. atramentaire. See
Atramentaceous.]

Defn: Like ink; suitable for making ink. Sulphate of iron (copperas, green vitriol) is called atramentarious, as being used in making ink.

ATREDE
At*rede, v. t. Etym: [OE. at (AS. æt) out + rede.]

Defn: To surpass in council. [Obs.]
Men may the olde atrenne, but hat atrede. Chaucer.

ATRENNE
At*renne", v. t. Etym: [OE. at + renne to run.]

Defn: To outrun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATRESIA
A*tre"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Absence or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body; imperforation.

ATRIAL
A"tri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an atrium.

ATRIP A*trip", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + trip.] (Naut.) (a) Just hove clear of the ground; -said of the anchor. (b) Sheeted home, hoisted taut up and ready for trimming; — said of sails. (c) Hoisted up and ready to be swayed across; — said of yards.

ATRIUM
A"tri*um, n.; pl. Atria. Etym: [L., the fore court of a Roman house.]

1. (Arch.) (a) A square hall lighted from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels. (b) An open court with a porch or gallery around three or more sides; especially at the entrance of a basilica or other church. The name was extended in the Middle Ages to the open churchyard or cemetery.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The main part of either auricle of the heart as distinct from the auricular appendix. Also, the whole articular portion of the heart.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cavity in ascidians into which the intestine and generative ducts open, and which also receives the water from the gills. See Ascidioidea.

ATROCHA
At`ro*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of chætopod larva in which no circles of cilia are developed.

ATROCIOUS A*tro"cious, a. Etym: [L. atrox, atrocis, cruel, fierce: cf. F. atroce.]

1. Extremely heinous; full of enormous wickedness; as, atrocious quilt or deeds.

2. Characterized by, or expressing, great atrocity, great atrocity. Revelations . . . so atrocious that nothing in history approaches them. De Quincey.

3. Very grievous or violent; terrible; as, atrocious distempers. [Obs.] Cheyne.

Syn. — Atrocious, Flagitious, Flagrant. Flagitious points to an act as grossly wicked and vile; as, a flagitious proposal. Flagrant marks the vivid impression made upon the mind by something strikingly wrong or erroneous; as, a flagrant misrepresentation; a flagrant violation of duty. Atrocious represents the act as springing from a violent and savage spirit. If Lord Chatham, instead of saying "the atrocious crime of being a young man," had used either of the other two words, his irony would have lost all its point, in his celebrated reply to Sir Robert Walpole, as reported by Dr. Johnson. — A*tro"cious*ly, adv. — A*tro"cious*ness, n.

ATROCITY A*troc"i*ty, n.; pl. Atrocities. Etym: [F. atrocité, L. atrocitas, fr. atrox, atrocis, cruel.]

1. Enormous wickedness; extreme heinousness or cruelty.

2. An atrocious or extremely cruel deed. The atrocities which attend a victory. Macaulay.

ATROPHIC
A*troph"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to atrophy.

ATROPHIED
At"ro*phied, p. a.

Defn: Affected with atrophy, as a tissue or organ; arrested in development at a very early stage; rudimentary.

ATROPHY
At"ro*phy, n. Etym: [L. atrophia, Gr. atrophie.]

Defn: A wasting away from want of nourishment; diminution in bulk or slow emaciation of the body or of any part. Milton.

ATROPHY
At"ro*phy, v. t. [p. p. Atrophied.]

Defn: To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.

ATROPHY
At"ro*phy, v. i.

Defn: To waste away; to dwindle.

ATROPIA
A*tro"pi*a, n.

Defn: Same as Atropine.

ATROPINE
At"ro*pine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also daturine.

ATROPISM
At"ro*pism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of the system produced by long use of belladonna.

ATROPOUS
At"ro*pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Not inverted; orthotropous.

ATROUS
A"trous, a. Etym: [L. ater.]

Defn: Coal-black; very black.

ATRYPA
A*try"pa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A extinct genus of Branchiopoda, very common in Silurian limestones.

ATTABAL
At"ta*bal, n.

Defn: See Atabal.

ATTACCA
At*tac"ca. Etym: [It., fr. attaccare to tie, bind. See Attach.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Attack at once; — a direction at the end of a movement to show that the next is to follow immediately, without any pause.

ATTACH
At*tach", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attached; p. pr. & vb. n. Attaching.]
Etym: [OF. atachier, F. attacher, to tie or fasten: cf. Celt. tac,
tach, nail, E. tack a small nail, tack to fasten. Cf. Attack, and see
Tack.]

1. To bind, fasten, tie, or connect; to make fast or join; as, to attach one thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like. The shoulder blade is . . . attached only to the muscles. Paley. A huge stone to which the cable was attached. Macaulay.

2. To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign by authority; to appoint; as, an officer is attached to a certain regiment, company, or ship.

3. To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love or self-interest; to attract; to fasten or bind by moral influence; — with to; as, attached to a friend; attaching others to us by wealth or flattery. Incapable of attaching a sensible man. Miss Austen. God . . . by various ties attaches man to man. Cowper.

4. To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or attribute; to affix; — with to; as, to attach great importance to a particular circumstance. Top this treasure a curse is attached. Bayard Taylor.

5. To take, seize, or lay hold of. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To take by legal authority: (a) To arrest by writ, and bring before a court, as to answer for a debt, or a contempt; — applied to a taking of the person by a civil process; being now rarely used for the arrest of a criminal. (b) To seize or take (goods or real estate) by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a judgment which may be rendered in the suit. See Attachment, 4. The earl marshal attached Gloucester for high treason. Miss Yonge. Attached column (Arch.), a column engaged in a wall, so that only a part of its circumference projects from it.

Syn. — To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin; subjoin; annex; append; win; gain over; conciliate.

ATTACH
At*tach", v. i.

1. To adhere; to be attached. The great interest which attaches to the mere knowledge of these facts cannot be doubted. Brougham.

2. To come into legal operation in connection with anything; to vest; as, dower will attach. Cooley.

ATTACH
At*tach", n.

Defn: An attachment. [Obs.] Pope.

ATTACHABLE
At*tach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or precept.

ATTACHE
At`ta*ché", n. Etym: [F., p. p. of attacher. See Attach, v. t.]

Defn: One attached to another person or thing, as a part of a suite or staff. Specifically: One attached to an embassy.

ATTACHMENT
At*tach"ment, n. Etym: [F. attachment.]

1. The act attaching, or state of being attached; close adherence or affection; fidelity; regard; anas, an attachment to a friend, or to a party.

2. That by which one thing is attached to another; connection; as, to cut the attachments of a muscle. The human mind . . . has exhausted its forces in the endeavor to rend the supernatural from its attachment to this history. I. Taylor.

3. Something attached; some adjunct attached to an instrument, machine, or other object; as, a sewing machine attachment (i. e., a device attached to a sewing machine to enable it to do special work, as tucking, etc.).

4. (Giv. Law) (a) A seizure or taking into custody by virtue of a legal process. (b) The writ or percept commanding such seizure or taking.

Note: The term is applied to a seizure or taking either of persons or property. In the serving of process in a civil suit, it is most generally applied to the taking of property, whether at common law, as a species of distress, to compel defendant's appearance, or under local statutes, to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover in the action. The terms attachment and arrest are both applied to the taking or apprehension of a defendant to compel an appearance in a civil action. Attachments are issued at common law and in chancery, against persons for contempt of court. In England, attachment is employed in some cases where capias is with us, as against a witness who fails to appear on summons. In some of the New England States a writ of attachment is a species of mesne process upon which the property of a defendant may be seized at the commencement of a suit and before summons to him, and may be held to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover. In other States this writ can issue only against absconding debtors and those who conceal themselves. See Foreign, Garnishment, Trustee process. Bouvier. Burrill. Blackstone.

Syn. — Attachment, Affection. The leading idea of affection is that of warmth and tenderness; the leading idea of attachment is that of being bound to some object by strong and lasting ties. There is more of sentiment (and sometimes of romance) in affection, and more of principle in preserving attachment. We speak of the ardor of the one, and the fidelity of the other. There is another distinction in the use and application of these words. The term attachment is applied to a wider range of objects than affection. A man may have a strong attachment to his country, to his profession, to his principles, and even to favorite places; in respect to none of these could we use the word affection.

ATTACK
At*tack", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Attacking.]
Etym: [F. attaquer, orig. another form of attacher to attack: cf. It.
attacare to fasten, attack. See Attach, Tack a small nail.]

1. To fall upon with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to assault. "Attack their lines." Dryden.

2. To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into disrepute, by criticism or satire; to censure; as, to attack a man, or his opinions, in a pamphlet.

3. To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem, or some object of labor or investigation.

4. To begin to affect; to begin to act upon, injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste. On the fourth of March he was attacked by fever. Macaulay. Hydrofluoric acid . . . attacks the glass. B. Stewart.

Syn. — To Attack, Assail, Assault, Invade. These words all denote a violent onset; attack being the generic term, and the others specific forms of attack. To attack is to commence the onset; to assail is to make a sudden and violent attack, or to make repeated attacks; to assault (literally, to leap upon) is to attack physically by a had- to-hand approach or by unlawful and insulting violence; to invade is to enter by force on what belongs to another. Thus, a person may attack by offering violence of any kind; he may assail by means of missile weapons; he may assault by direct personal violence; a king may invade by marching an army into a country. Figuratively, we may say, men attack with argument or satire; they assail with abuse or reproaches; they may be assaulted by severe temptations; the rights of the people may be invaded by the encroachments of the crown.

ATTACK
At*tack", v. i.

Defn: To make an onset or attack.

ATTACK
At*tack", n. Etym: [Cf. F. attaque.]

1. The act of attacking, or falling on with force or violence; an onset; an assault; — opposed to defense.

2. An assault upon one's feelings or reputation with unfriendly or bitter words.

3. A setting to work upon some task, etc.

4. An access of disease; a fit of sickness.

5. The beginning of corrosive, decomposing, or destructive action, by a chemical agent.

ATTACKABLE
At*tack"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attacked.

ATTACKER
At*tack"er, n.

Defn: One who attacks.

ATTAGAS; ATTAGEN
At"ta*gas, At"ta*gen, n. Etym: [L. attagen a kind of bird, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of sand grouse (Syrrghaptes Pallasii) found in Asia and rarely in southern Europe.

ATTAGHAN
At"ta*ghan, n.

Defn: See Yataghan.

ATTAIN
At*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attained; p. pr. & vb. n. Attaining.]
Etym: [Of. atteinen, atteignen, , OF. ateindre, ataindre, F.
atteindre, fr. L. attingere; ad + tangere to touch, reach. See
Tangent, and cf. Attinge, Attaint.]

1. To achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to gain; to compass; as, to attain rest. Is he wise who hopes to attain the end without the means Abp. Tillotson.

2. To gain or obtain possession of; to acquire. [Obs. with a material object.] Chaucer.

3. To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain. [Obs.] Not well attaining his meaning. Fuller.

4. To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at. "Canaan he now attains." Milton.

5. To overtake. [Obs.] Bacon.

6. To reach in excellence or degree; to equal.

Syn. — To Attain, Obtain, Procure. Attain always implies an effort toward an object. Hence it is not synonymous with obtain and procure, which do not necessarily imply such effort or motion. We procure or obtain a thing by purchase or loan, and we obtain by inheritance, but we do not attain it by such means.

ATTAIN
At*tain", v. i.

1. To come or arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or efforts toward a place, object, state, etc.; to reach. If by any means they might attain to Phenice. Acts xxvii. 12. Nor nearer might the dogs attain. Sir W. Scott. To see your trees attain to the dignity of timber. Cowper. Few boroughs had as yet attained to power such as this. J. R. Green.

2. To come or arrive, by an effort of mind. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I can not attain unto it. Ps. cxxxix. 6.

ATTAIN
At*tain", n.

Defn: Attainment. [Obs.]

ATTAINABILITY
At*tain`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being attainable; attainbleness.

ATTAINABLE
At*tain"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being attained or reached by efforts of the mind or body; capable of being compassed or accomplished by efforts directed to the object. The highest pitch of perfection attainable in this life. Addison.

2. Obtainable. [Obs.] General Howe would not permit the purchase of those articles [clothes and blankets] in Philadelphia, and they were not attainable in the country. Marshall.

ATTAINABLENESS
At*tain"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being attainable; attainability.

ATTAINDER
At*tain"der, n. Etym: [OF. ataindre, ateindre, to accuse, convict.
Attainder is often erroneously referred to F. teindre tie stain. See
Attaint, Attain.]

1. The act of attainting, or the state of being attainted; the extinction of the civil rights and capacities of a person, consequent upon sentence of death or outlawry; as, an act of attainder. Abbott.

Note: Formerly attainder was the inseparable consequence of a judicial or legislative sentence for treason or felony, and involved the forfeiture of all the real and personal property of the condemned person, and such "corruption of blood" that he could neither receive nor transmit by inheritance, nor could he sue or testify in any court, or claim any legal protection or rights. In England attainders are now abolished, and in the United States the Constitution provides that no bill of attainder shall be passed; and no attainder of treason (in consequence of a judicial sentence) shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.

2. A stain or staining; state of being in dishonor or condemnation. [Obs.] He lived from all attainder of suspect. Shak. Bill of attainder, a bill brought into, or passed by, a legislative body, condemning a person to death or outlawry, and attainder, without judicial sentence.

ATTAINMENT
At*tain"ment, n.

1. The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching; hence, the act of obtaining by efforts. The attainment of every desired object. Sir W. Jones.

2. That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion; acquirement; acquisition; (pl.), mental acquirements; knowledge; as, literary and scientific attainments.

ATTAINT At*taint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Attainting.] Etym: [OE. atteynten to convict, fr. atteynt, OF. ateint, p. p. of ateindre, ataindre. The meanings 3, 4, 5, and 6 were influenced by a supposed connection with taint. See Attain, Attainder.]

1. To attain; to get act; to hit. [Obs.]

2. (Old Law)

Defn: To find guilty; to convict; — said esp. of a jury on trial for giving a false verdict. [Obs.] Upon sufficient proof attainted of some open act by men of his own condition. Blackstone.

3. (Law)

Defn: To subject (a person) to the legal condition formerly resulting from a sentence of death or outlawry, pronounced in respect of treason or felony; to affect by attainder. No person shall be attainted of high treason where corruption of blood is incurred, but by the oath of two witnesses. Stat. 7 & 8 Wm. III.

4. To accuse; to charge with a crime or a dishonorable act. [Archaic]

5. To affect or infect, as with physical or mental disease or with moral contagion; to taint or corrupt. My tender youth was never yet attaint With any passion of inflaming love. Shak.

6. To stain; to obscure; to sully; to disgrace; to cloud with infamy. For so exceeding shone his glistring ray, That Phattaint. Spenser. Lest she with blame her honor should attaint. Spenser.

ATTAINT
At*taint", p. p.

Defn: Attainted; corrupted. [Obs.] Shak.

ATTAINT
At*taint", n. Etym: [OF. attainte. See Attaint, v.]

1. A touch or hit. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Far.)

Defn: A blow or wound on the leg of a horse, made by overreaching.
White.

3. (Law)

Defn: A writ which lies after judgment, to inquire whether a jury has given a false verdict in any court of record; also, the convicting of the jury so tried. Bouvier.

4. A stain or taint; disgrace. See Taint. Shak.

5. An infecting influence. [R.] Shak.

ATTAINTMENT
At*taint"ment, n.

Defn: Attainder; attainture; conviction.

ATTAINTURE
At*tain"ture, n.

Defn: Attainder; disgrace.

ATTAL
At"tal, n.

Defn: Same as Attle.

ATTAME
At*tame", v. t. Etym: [OF. atamer, from Latin. See Attaminate.]

1. To pierce; to attack. [Obs.]

2. To broach; to begin. And right anon his tale he hath attamed. Chaucer.

ATTAMINATE
At*tam"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. attaminare; ad + root of tangere. See
Contaminate.]

Defn: To corrupt; to defile; to contaminate. [Obs.] Blount.

ATTAR At"tar, n. Etym: [Per. 'atar perfume, essence, Ar. 'itr, fr. 'atara to smell sweet. Cf. Otto.]

Defn: A fragrant essential oil; esp., a volatile and highly fragrant essential oil obtained from the petals of roses. [Also written otto and ottar.]

ATTASK
At*task", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + task.]

Defn: To take to task; to blame. Shak.

ATTASTE
At*taste, v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + taste.]

Defn: To taste or cause to taste. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTE
At"te.

Defn: At the. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTEMPER
At*tem"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attempered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attempering.] Etym: [OF. atemprer, fr. L. attemperare; ad + temperare
to soften, temper. See Temper, and cf. Attemperate.]

1. To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mixture; to temper; to regulate, as temperature. If sweet with bitter . . . were not attempered still. Trench.

2. To soften, mollify, or moderate; to soothe; to temper; as, to attemper rigid justice with clemency.

3. To mix in just proportion; to regulate; as, a mind well attempered with kindness and justice.

4. To accommodate; to make suitable; to adapt. Arts . . . attempered to the lyre. Pope.

Note: This word is now not much used, the verb temper taking its place.

ATTEMPERAMENT
At*tem"per*a*ment, n. Etym: [OF. attemprement.]

Defn: A tempering, or mixing in due proportion.

ATTEMPERANCE
At*tem"per*ance, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. atemprance.]

Defn: Temperance; attemperament. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTEMPERATE
At*tem"per*ate, a. Etym: [L. attemperatus, p. p. of attemperare. See
Attemper.]

Defn: Tempered; proportioned; properly adapted.
Hope must be . . . attemperate to the promise. Hammond.

ATTEMPERATE
At*tem"per*ate, v. t.

Defn: To attemper. [Archaic]

ATTEMPERATION
At*tem`per*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of attempering or regulating. [Archaic] Bacon.

ATTEMPERLY
At*tem"per*ly, adv.

Defn: Temperately. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTEMPERMENT
At*tem"per*ment, n.

Defn: Attemperament.

ATTEMPT At*tempt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Attempting.] Etym: [OF. atenter, also spelt atempter, F. attenter, fr. L. attentare to attempt; ad + tentare, temptare, to touch, try, v. intens. of tendere to stretch. See Tempt, and cf. Attend.]

1. To make trial or experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or perform (some action); to assay; as, to attempt to sing; to attempt a bold flight. Something attempted, something done, Has earned a night's repose. Longfellow.

2. To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or by temptations; to tempt. [Obs. or Archaic] It made the laughter of an afternoon That Vivien should attempt the blameless king. Thackeray.

3. To try to win, subdue, or overcome; as, one who attempts the virtue of a woman. Dear sir, of force I must attempt you further: Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute. Shak.

4. To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by force; as, to attempt the enemy's camp. Without attempting his adversary's life. Motley.

Syn.
 — See Try.

ATTEMPT
At*tempt", v. i.

Defn: To make an attempt; — with upon. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ATTEMPT
At*tempt", n.

Defn: A essay, trial, or endeavor; an undertaking; an attack, or an effort to gain a point; esp. an unsuccessful, as contrasted with a successful, effort. By his blindness maimed for high attempts. Milton. Attempt to commit a crime (Law), such an intentional preparatory act as will apparently result, if not extrinsically hindered, in a crime which it was designed to effect. Wharton.

Syn. — Attempt, Endeavor, Effort, Exertion, Trial. These words agree in the idea of calling forth our powers into action. Trial is the generic term; it denotes a putting forth of one's powers with a view to determine what they can accomplish; as, to make trial of one's strength. An attempt is always directed to some definite and specific object; as, "The attempt, and not the deed, confounds us." Shak. An endeavor is a continued attempt; as, "His high endeavor and his glad success." Cowper. Effort is a specific putting forth of strength in order to carry out an attempt. Exertion is the putting forth or active exercise of any faculty or power. "It admits of all degrees of effort and even natural action without effort." C. J. Smith. See Try.

ATTEMPTABLE
At*tempt"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attempted, tried, or attacked. Shak.

ATTEMPTER
At*tempt"er, n.

1. One who attempts; one who essays anything.

2. An assailant; also, a temper. [Obs.]

ATTEMPTIVE
At*tempt"ive, a.

Defn: Disposed to attempt; adventurous. [Obs.] Daniel.

ATTEND
At*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attended; p. pr. & vb. n. Attending.]
Etym: [OE. atenden, OF. atendre, F. attendre, to expect, to wait, fr.
L. attendre to stretch, (sc. animum), to apply the mind to; ad +
tendere to stretch. See Tend.]

1. To direct the attention to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed to; to regard. [Obs.] The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempest doth not attend the unskillful words of the passenger. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To care for; to look after; to take charge of; to watch over.

3. To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or servant; to visit professionally, as a physician; to accompany or follow in order to do service; to escort; to wait on; to serve. The fifth had charge sick persons to attend. Spenser. Attends the emperor in his royal court. Shak. With a sore heart and a gloomy brow, he prepared to attend William thither. Macaulay.

4. To be present with; to accompany; to be united or consequent to; as, a measure attended with ill effects. What cares must then attend the toiling swain. Dryden.

5. To be present at; as, to attend church, school, a concert, a business meeting.

6. To wait for; to await; to remain, abide, or be in store for.
[Obs.]
The state that attends all men after this. Locke.
Three days I promised to attend my doom. Dryden.

Syn. — To Attend, Mind, Regard, Heed, Notice. Attend is generic, the rest are specific terms. To mind is to attend so that it may not be forgotten; to regard is to look on a thing as of importance; to heed is to ~ to a thing from a principle of caution; to notice is to think on that which strikes the senses. Crabb. See Accompany.

ATTEND
At*tend", v. i.

1. To apply the mind, or pay attention, with a view to perceive, understand, or comply; to pay regard; to heed; to listen; — usually followed by to. Attend to the voice of my supplications. Ps. lxxxvi. 6. Man can not at the same time attend to two objects. Jer. Taylor.

2. To accompany or be present or near at hand, in pursuance of duty; to be ready for service; to wait or be in waiting; — often followed by on or upon. He was required to attend upon the committee. Clarendon.

3. (with to) To take charge of; to look after; as, to attend to a matter of business.

4. To wait; to stay; to delay. [Obs.] For this perfection she must yet attend, Till to her Maker she espoused be. Sir J. Davies.

Syn. — To Attend, Listen, Hearken. We attend with a view to hear and learn; we listen with fixed attention, in order to hear correctly, or to consider what has been said; we hearken when we listen with a willing mind, and in reference to obeying.

ATTENDANCE
At*tend"ance, n. Etym: [OE. attendance, OF. atendance, fr. atendre,
F. attendre. See Attend, v. t.]

1. Attention; regard; careful application. [Obs.] Till I come, give attendance to reading. 1 Tim. iv. 13.

2. The act of attending; state of being in waiting; service; ministry; the fact of being present; presence. Constant attendance at church three times a day. Fielding.

3. Waiting for; expectation. [Obs.] Languishing attendance and expectation of death. Hooker.

4. The persons attending; a retinue; attendants. If your stray attendance by yet lodged. Milton.

ATTENDANCY
At*tend"an*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of attending or accompanying; attendance; an attendant. [Obs.]

ATTENDANT At*tend"ant, a. Etym: [F. attendant, p. pr. of attendre. See Attend, v. t.]

1. Being present, or in the train; accompanying; in waiting. From the attendant flotilla rang notes triumph. Sir W. Scott. Cherub and Seraph . . . attendant on their Lord. Milton.

2. Accompanying, connected with, or immediately following, as consequential; consequent; as, intemperance with all its attendant evils. The natural melancholy attendant upon his situation added to the gloom of the owner of the mansion. Sir W. Scott.

3. (Law)

Defn: Depending on, or owing duty or service to; as, the widow attendant to the heir. Cowell. Attendant keys (Mus.), the keys or scales most nearly related to, or having most in common with, the principal key; those, namely, of its fifth above, or dominant, its fifth below (fourth above), or subdominant, and its relative minor or major.

ATTENDANT
At*tend"ant, n.

1. One who attends or accompanies in any character whatever, as a friend, companion, servant, agent, or suitor. "A train of attendants." Hallam.

2. One who is present and takes part in the proceedings; as, an attendant at a meeting.

3. That which accompanies; a concomitant. [A] sense of fame, the attendant of noble spirits. Pope.

4. (Law)

Defn: One who owes duty or service to, or depends on, another.
Cowell.

ATTENDEMENT
At*tend"e*ment, n.

Defn: Intent. [Obs.] Spenser.

ATTENDER
At*tend"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, attends.

ATTENDMENT
At*tend"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. atendement.]

Defn: An attendant circumstance. [Obs.]
The uncomfortable attendments of hell. Sir T. Browne.

ATTENT At*tent", a. Etym: [L. attentus, p. p. of attendere. See Attend, v. t.]

Defn: Attentive; heedful. [Archaic]
Let thine ears be attent unto the prayer. 2 Chron. vi. 40.

ATTENT
At*tent", n.

Defn: Attention; heed. [Obs.] Spenser.

ATTENTATE; ATTENTAT At*ten"tate, At*ten"tat, n. Etym: [L. attentatum, pl. attentata, fr. attentare to attempt: cf. F. attentat criminal attempt. See Attempt.]

1. An attempt; an assault. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Law) (a) A proceeding in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed. (b) Any step wrongly innovated or attempted in a suit by an inferior judge.

ATTENTION
At*ten"tion, n. Etym: [L. attentio: cf. F. attention.]

1. The act or state of attending or heeding; the application of the mind to any object of sense, representation, or thought; notice; exclusive or special consideration; earnest consideration, thought, or regard; obedient or affectionate heed; the supposed power or faculty of attending. They say the tongues of dying men Enforce attention like deep harmony. Shak.

Note: Attention is consciousness and something more. It is consciousness voluntarily applied, under its law of limitations, to some determinate object; it is consciousness concentrated. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. An act of civility or courtesy; care for the comfort and pleasure of others; as, attentions paid to a stranger. To pay attention to, To pay one's attentions to, to be courteous or attentive to; to wait upon as a lover; to court.

Syn. — Care; heed; study; consideration; application; advertence; respect; regard.

ATTENTIVE
At*ten"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. attentif.]

1. Heedful; intent; observant; regarding with care or attention.

Note: Attentive is applied to the senses of hearing and seeing, as, an attentive ear or eye; to the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the application of the mind, in every possible sense, as when a person is attentive to the words, and to the manner and matter, of a speaker at the same time.

2. Heedful of the comfort of others; courteous.

Syn.
 — Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful; circumspect;
watchful.
 — At*ten"tive*ly, adv.
 — At*ten"tive*ness, n.

ATTENTLY
At*tent"ly, adv.

Defn: Attentively. [Obs.] Barrow.

ATTENUANT At*ten"u*ant, a. Etym: [L. attenuans, p. pr. of attenuare: cf. F. atténuant. See Attenuate.]

Defn: Making thin, as fluids; diluting; rendering less dense and viscid; diluent. — n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that thins or dilutes the fluids; a diluent.

ATTENUATE
At*ten"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attenuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attenuating.] Etym: [L. attenuatus, p. p. of attenuare; ad + tenuare
to make thin, tenuis thin. See Thin.]

1. To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical action upon inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease, etc., upon living bodies.

2. To make thin or less consistent; to render less viscid or dense; to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the humors of the body, or to break them into finer parts.

3. To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to make less complex; to weaken. To undersell our rivals . . . has led the manufacturer to . . . attenuate his processes, in the allotment of tasks, to an extreme point. I. Taylor. We may reject and reject till we attenuate history into sapless meagerness. Sir F. Palgrave.

ATTENUATE
At*ten"u*ate, v. i.

Defn: To become thin, slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen.
The attention attenuates as its sphere contracts. Coleridge.

ATTENUATE; ATTENUATED
At*ten"u*ate, At*ten"u*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. attenuatus, p. p.]

1. Made thin or slender.

2. Made thin or less viscid; rarefied. Bacon.

ATTENUATION
At*ten`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. attenuatio: cf. F. atténuation.]

1. The act or process of making slender, or the state of being slender; emaciation.

2. The act of attenuating; the act of making thin or less dense, or of rarefying, as fluids or gases.

3. The process of weakening in intensity; diminution of virulence; as, the attenuation of virus.

ATTER
At"ter, n. Etym: [AS. ætter.]

Defn: Poison; venom; corrupt matter from a sore. [Obs.] Holland.

ATTERCOP At"ter*cop, n. Etym: [AS. attercoppa a spider; ætter poison + coppa head, cup.]

1. A spider. [Obs.]

2. A peevish, ill-natured person. [North of Eng.]

ATTERRATE At*ter*rate, v. t. Etym: [It. atterrare (cf. LL. atterrare to cast to earth); L. ad + terra earth, land.]

Defn: To fill up with alluvial earth. [Obs.] Ray.

ATTERRATION
At`ter*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of filling up with earth, or of forming land with alluvial earth. [Obs.]

ATTEST
At"test", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attested; p. pr. & vb. n. Attesting.]
Etym: [L. attestari; ad + testari to bear witness: cf. F. attester.]

1. To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; as, to attest the truth of a writing, a copy of record. Facts . . . attested by particular pagan authors. Addison.

2. To give proof of; to manifest; as, the ruins of Palmyra attest its ancient magnificence.

3. To call to witness; to invoke. [Archaic] The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state Attests in oaths, and fears to violate. Dryden.

ATTEST
At*test", n.

Defn: Witness; testimony; attestation. [R.]
The attest of eyes and ears. Shak.

ATTESTATION
At`tes*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. attestatio: cf. F. attestation.]

Defn: The act of attesting; testimony; witness; a solemn or official declaration, verbal or written, in support of a fact; evidence. The truth appears from the attestation of witnesses, or of the proper officer. The subscription of a name to a writing as a witness, is an attestation.

ATTESTATIVE
At*test"a*tive, a.

Defn: Of the nature of attestation.

ATTESTER; ATTESTOR
At*test"er, At*test"or, n.

Defn: One who attests.

ATTESTIVE
At*test"ive, a.

Defn: Attesting; furnishing evidence.

ATTIC
At"tic, a. Etym: [L. Atticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians; classical; refined. Attic base (Arch.), a peculiar form of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius, applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and "Roman Doric" orders, and imitated by the architects of the Renaissance. — Attic faith, inviolable faith. — Attic purity, special purity of language. — Attic salt, Attic wit, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians. — Attic story. See Attic, n. — Attic style, a style pure and elegant.

ATTIC
At"tic, n. Etym: [In sense (a) from F. attique, orig. meaning Attic.
See Attic, a.]

1. (Arch.) (a) A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in the classical styles; — a term introduced in the 17th century. Hence: (b) A room or rooms behind that part of the exterior; all the rooms immediately below the roof.

2. An Athenian; an Athenian author.

ATTICAL
At"tic*al, a.

Defn: Attic. [Obs.] Hammond.

ATTICISM
At"ti*cism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A favoring of, or attachment to, the Athenians.

2. The style and idiom of the Greek language, used by the Athenians; a concise and elegant expression.

ATTICIZE
At"ti*cize, v. t. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To conform or make conformable to the language, customs, etc., of Attica.

ATTICIZE
At"ti*cize, v. i.

1. To side with the Athenians.

2. To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians.

ATTIGUOUS
At*tig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. attiguus, fr. attingere to touch. See
Attain.]

Defn: Touching; bordering; contiguous. [Obs.] — At*tig"u*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

ATTINGE
At*tinge", v. t. Etym: [L. attingere to touch. See Attain.]

Defn: To touch lightly. [Obs.] Coles.

ATTIRE
At*tire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attired; p. pr. & vb. n. Attiring.]
Etym: [OE. atiren to array, dispose, arrange, OF. atirier; à (L. ad)
+ F. tire rank, order, row; of Ger. origin: cf. As. tier row, OHG.
ziari, G. zier, ornament, zieren to adorn. Cf. Tire a headdress.]

Defn: To dress; to array; to adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or
splendid garments.
Finely attired in a robe of white. Shak.
With the linen miter shall he be attired. Lev. xvi. 4.

ATTIRE
At*tire", n.

1. Dress; clothes; headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp.,
ornamental clothing.
Earth in her rich attire. Milton.
I 'll put myself in poor and mean attire. Shak.
Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her attire Jer. ii. 32.

2. The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or buck.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The internal parts of a flower, included within the calyx and the corolla. [Obs.] Johnson.

ATTIRED
At*tired", p. p. (Her.)

Defn: Provided with antlers, as a stag.

ATTIREMENT
At*tire"ment, n.

Defn: Attire; adornment.

ATTIRER
At*tir"er, n.

Defn: One who attires.

ATTITUDE At"ti*tude, n. Etym: [It. attitudine, LL. aptitudo, fr. L. aptus suited, fitted: cf. F. attitude. Cf. Aptitude.]

1. (Paint. & Sculp.)

Defn: The posture, action, or disposition of a figure or a statue.

2. The posture or position of a person or an animal, or the manner in which the parts of his body are disposed; position assumed or studied to serve a purpose; as, a threatening attitude; an attitude of entreaty.

3. Fig.: Position as indicating action, feeling, or mood; as, in times of trouble let a nation preserve a firm attitude; one's mental attitude in respect to religion. The attitude of the country was rapidly changing. J. R. Green. To strike an attitude, to take an attitude for mere effect.

Syn. — Attitude, Posture. Both of these words describe the visible disposition of the limbs. Posture relates to their position merely; attitude refers to their fitness for some specific object. The object of an attitude is to set forth exhibit some internal feeling; as, attitude of wonder, of admiration, of grief, etc. It is, therefore, essentially and designedly expressive. Its object is the same with that of gesture; viz., to hold forth and represent. Posture has no such design. If we speak of posture in prayer, or the posture of devotion, it is only the natural disposition of the limbs, without any intention to show forth or exhibit. 'T is business of a painter in his choice of attitudes (posituræ) to foresee the effect and harmony of the lights and shadows. Dryden. Never to keep the body in the same posture half an hour at a time. Bacon.

ATTITUDINAL
At`ti*tu"di*nal, a.

Defn: Relating to attitude.

ATTITUDINARIAN
At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who attitudinizes; a posture maker.

ATTITUDINARIANISM
At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: A practicing of attitudes; posture making.

ATTITUDINIZE
At`ti*tu"di*nize, v. i.

Defn: To assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to pose. Maria, who is the most picturesque figure, was put to attitudinize at the harp. Hannah More.

ATTITUDINIZER
At`ti*tu"di*ni`zer, n

Defn: One who practices attitudes.

ATTLE
At"tle, n. Etym: [Cf. Addle mire.] (Mining)

Defn: Rubbish or refuse consisting of broken rock containing little or no ore. Weale.

ATTOLLENT At*tol"lent, a. Etym: [L. attollens, p. pr. of attollere; ad + tollere to lift.]

Defn: Lifting up; raising; as, an attollent muscle. Derham.

ATTONCE
At*tonce", adv. Etym: [At + once.]

Defn: At once; together. [Obs.] Spenser.

ATTONE
At*tone", adv.

Defn: See At one. [Obs.]

ATTORN At*torn", v. i. Etym: [OF. atorner, aturner, atourner, to direct, prepare, dispose, attorn (cf. OE. atornen to return, adorn); à (L. ad) + torner to turn; cf. LL. attornare to commit business to another, to attorn; ad + tornare to turn, L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to round off. See Turn, v. t.]

1. (Feudal Law)

Defn: To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one lord to another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or tenants, upon the alienation of the estate. Blackstone.

2. (Modern Law)

Defn: To agree to become tenant to one to whom reversion has been granted.

ATTORNEY
At*tor"ney, n.; pl. Attorneys. Etym: [OE. aturneye, OF. atorné, p. p.
of atorner: cf. LL. atturnatus, attornatus, fr. attornare. See
Attorn.]

1. A substitute; a proxy; an agent. [Obs.] And will have no attorney but myself. Shak.

2. (Law) (a) One who is legally appointed by another to transact any business for him; an attorney in fact. (b) A legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings; an attorney at law.

Note: An attorney is either public or private. A private attorney, or an attorney in fact, is a person appointed by another, by a letter or power of attorney, to transact any business for him out of court; but in a more extended sense, this class includes any agent employed in any business, or to do any act in pais, for another. A public attorney, or attorney at law, is a practitioner in a court of law, legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court, on the retainer of clients. Bouvier. — The attorney at law answers to the procurator of the civilians, to the solicitor in chancery, and to the proctor in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are comprehended under the more general term lawyer. In Great Britain and in some states of the United States, attorneys are distinguished from counselors in that the business of the former is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit. In many states of the United States however, no such distinction exists. In England, since 1873, attorneys at law are by statute called solicitors. A power, letter, or warrant, of attorney, a written authority from one person empowering another to transact business for him.

ATTORNEY
At*tor"ney, v. t.

Defn: To perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy. [Obs.] Shak.

ATTORNEY-GENERAL At*tor"ney-gen"er*al, n.; (pl. Attorney-generals or Attorneys- general). (Law)

Defn: The chief law officer of the state, empowered to act in all litigation in which the law-executing power is a party, and to advise this supreme executive whenever required. Wharton.

ATTORNEYISM
At*tor"ney*ism, n.

Defn: The practice or peculiar cleverness of attorneys.

ATTORNEYSHIP
At*tor"ney*ship, n.

Defn: The office or profession of an attorney; agency for another.
Shak.

ATTORNMENT
At*torn"ment, n. Etym: [OF. attornement, LL. attornamentum. See
Attorn.] (Law)

Defn: The act of a feudatory, vassal, or tenant, by which he consents, upon the alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or superior, and transfers to him his homage and service; the agreement of a tenant to acknowledge the purchaser of the estate as his landlord. Burrill. Blackstone.

ATTRACT
At*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attracting.] Etym: [L. attractus, p. p. of attrahere; ad + trahere to
draw. See Trace, v. t.]

1. To draw to, or cause to tend to; esp. to cause to approach, adhere, or combine; or to cause to resist divulsion, separation, or decomposition. All bodies and all parts of bodies mutually attract themselves and one another. Derham.

2. To draw by influence of a moral or emotional kind; to engage or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite or allure; as, to attract admirers. Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze. Milton.

Syn.
 — To draw; allure; invite; entice; influence.

ATTRACT
At*tract", n.

Defn: Attraction. [Obs.] Hudibras.

ATTRACTABILITY
At*tract`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or fact of being attractable. Sir W. Jones.

ATTRACTABLE
At*tract"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attracted; subject to attraction.
 — At*tract"a*ble*ness, n.

ATTRACTER
At*tract"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, attracts.

ATTRACTILE
At*tract"ile, a.

Defn: Having power to attract.

ATTRACTING
At*tract"ing, a.

Defn: That attracts.
 — At*tract"ing*ly, adv.

ATTRACTION
At*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: An invisible power in a body by which it draws anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and conversely resisting separation.

Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible distances, and is variously denominated according to its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at sensible distances, there are, —(1.) Attraction of gravitation, which acts at all distances throughout the universe, with a force proportional directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.) Magnetic, diamagnetic, and electrical attraction, each of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in its action, a property dependent on the quality or condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under attraction at insensible distances, there are, — (1.) Adhesive attraction, attraction between surfaces of sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening substance. (2.) Cohesive attraction, attraction between ultimate particles, whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the process of solidification or crystallization. The power in adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of cohesion. (3.) Capillary attraction, attraction causing a liquid to rise, in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid. It is a special case of cohesive attraction. (4.) Chemical attraction, or affinity, that peculiar force which causes elementary atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.

2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power or operation of attraction. Newton.

3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of beauty or eloquence.

4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.

Syn.
 — Allurement; enticement; charm.

ATTRACTION SPHERE
At*trac"tion sphere.

1. (Zoöl.) (a) The central mass of the aster in mitotic cell division; centrosphere. (b) Less often, the mass of archoplasm left by the aster in the resting cell.

2. (Bot.) A small body situated on or near the nucleus in the cells of some of the lower plants, consisting of two centrospheres containing centrosomes. It exercises an important function in mitosis.

ATTRACTIVE
At*tract"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. attractif.]

1. Having the power or quality of attracting or drawing; as, the attractive force of bodies. Sir I. Newton.

2. Attracting or drawing by moral influence or pleasurable emotion; alluring; inviting; pleasing. "Attractive graces." Milton. "Attractive eyes." Thackeray. Flowers of a livid yellow, or fleshy color, are most attractive to flies. Lubbock. — At*tract"ive*ly, adv. — At*tract"ive*ness, n.

ATTRACTIVE
At*tract"ive, n.

Defn: That which attracts or draws; an attraction; an allurement.
Speaks nothing but attractives and invitation. South.

ATTRACTIVITY
At`trac*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or degree of attractive power.

ATTRACTOR
At*tract"or, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, attracts. Sir T. Browne

ATTRAHENT
At"tra*hent, a. Etym: [L. attrahens, p. pr. of attrahere. See
Attract, v. t.]

Defn: Attracting; drawing; attractive.

ATTRAHENT
At"tra*hent, n.

1. That which attracts, as a magnet. The motion of the steel to its attrahent. Glanvill.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A substance which, by irritating the surface, excites action in the part to which it is applied, as a blister, an epispastic, a sinapism.

ATTRAP
At*trap", v. t. Etym: [F. attraper to catch; à (L. ad) + trappe trap.
See Trap (for taking game).]

Defn: To entrap; to insnare. [Obs.] Grafton.

ATTRAP
At*trap", v. t. Etym: [Pref. ad + trap to adorn.]

Defn: To adorn with trapping; to array. [Obs.]
Shall your horse be attrapped . . . more richly Holland.

ATTRECTATION
At`trec*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. attrectatio; ad + tractare to handle.]

Defn: Frequent handling or touching. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

ATTRIBUTABLE
At*trib"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being attributed; ascribable; imputable.
Errors . . . attributable to carelessness. J. D. Hooker.

ATTRIBUTE
At*trib"ute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attributed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Attributing.] Etym: [L. attributus, p. p. of attribuere; ad +
tribuere to bestow. See Tribute.]

Defn: To ascribe; to consider (something) as due or appropriate (to); to refer, as an effect to a cause; to impute; to assign; to consider as belonging (to). We attribute nothing to God that hath any repugnancy or contradiction in it. Abp. Tillotson. The merit of service is seldom attributed to the true and exact performer. Shak.

Syn.
 — See Ascribe.

ATTRIBUTE
At"tri*bute, n. Etym: [L. attributum.]

1. That which is attributed; a quality which is considered as belonging to, or inherent in, a person or thing; an essential or necessary property or characteristic. But mercy is above this sceptered away; . . . It is an attribute to God himself. Shak.

2. Reputation. [Poetic] Shak.

3. (Paint. & Sculp.)

Defn: A conventional symbol of office, character, or identity, added to any particular figure; as, a club is the attribute of Hercules.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Quality, etc., denoted by an attributive; an attributive adjunct or adjective.

ATTRIBUTION
At`tri*bu"tion, n. Etym: [L. attributio: cf. F. attribution.]

1. The act of attributing or ascribing, as a quality, character, or function, to a thing or person, an effect to a cause.

2. That which is ascribed or attributed.

ATTRIBUTIVE
At*trib"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. attributif.]

Defn: Attributing; pertaining to, expressing, or assigning an attribute; of the nature of an attribute.

ATTRIBUTIVE
At*trib"u*tive, n., (Gram.)

Defn: A word that denotes an attribute; esp. a modifying word joined to a noun; an adjective or adjective phrase.

ATTRIBUTIVELY
At*trib"u*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In an attributive manner.

ATTRITE At*trite", a. Etym: [L. attritus, p. p. of atterere; ad + terere to rub. See Trite.]

1. Rubbed; worn by friction. Milton.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Repentant from fear of punishment; having attrition of grief for sin; — opposed to contrite.

ATTRITION
At*tri"tion, n. Etym: [L. attritio: cf. F. attrition.]

1. The act of rubbing together; friction; the act of wearing by friction, or by rubbing substances together; abrasion. Effected by attrition of the inward stomach. Arbuthnot.

2. The state of being worn. Johnson.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: Grief for sin arising only from fear of punishment or feelings of shame. See Contrition. Wallis.

ATTRITUS
At*tri"tus, n. [L. attritus, p. p. of atterere; ad + terere to rub.]

Defn: Matter pulverized by attrition.

ATTRY
At"try, a. Etym: [See Atter.]

Defn: Poisonous; malignant; malicious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATTUNE
At*tune", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Attuned (; p. pr. & vb. n. Attuning.]
Etym: [Pref. ad- + tune.]

1. To tune or put in tune; to make melodious; to adjust, as one sound or musical instrument to another; as, to attune the voice to a harp.

2. To arrange fitly; to make accordant. Wake to energy each social aim, Attuned spontaneous to the will of Jove. Beattie.

ATWAIN
A*twain", adv. Etym: [OE. atwaine, atwinne; pref. a- + twain.]

Defn: In twain; asunder. [Obs. or Poetic] "Cuts atwain the knots."
Tennyson.

ATWEEN
A*tween", adv. or prep. Etym: [See Atwain, and cf. Between.]

Defn: Between. [Archaic] Spenser. Tennyson.

ATWIRL
A*twirl", a. & adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + twist.]

Defn: Twisted; distorted; awry. [R.] Halliwell.

ATWITE
A*twite", v. t. Etym: [OE. attwyten, AS. ætwitan. See Twit.]

Defn: To speak reproachfully of; to twit; to upbraid. [Obs.]

ATWIXT
A*twixt", adv.

Defn: Betwixt. [Obs.] Spenser.

ATWO
A*two", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + two.]

Defn: In two; in twain; asunder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ATYPIC; ATYPICAL
A*typ"ic, A*typ"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. a- not + typic, typical.]

Defn: That has no type; devoid of typical character; irregular; unlike the type.

AUBADE
Au`bade", n. Etym: [F., fr. aube the dawn, fr. L. albus white.]

Defn: An open air concert in the morning, as distinguished from an
evening serenade; also, a pianoforte composition suggestive of
morning. Grove.
The crowing cock . . . Sang his aubade with lusty voice and clear.
Longfellow.

AUBAINE Au`baine", n. Etym: [F., fr. aubain an alien, fr. L. alibi elsewhere.]

Defn: Succession to the goods of a stranger not naturalized. Littré.
Droit d'aubaine (, the right, formerly possessed by the king of
France, to all the personal property of which an alien died
possessed. It was abolished in 1819. Bouvier.

AUBE
Aube, n. Etym: [See Ale.]

Defn: An alb. [Obs.] Fuller.

AUBERGE
Au`berge", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An inn. Beau. & Fl.

AUBIN
Au"bin, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A broken gait of a horse, between an amble and a gallop; — commonly called a Canterbury gallop.

AUBURN Au"burn, a. Etym: [OE. auburne blonde, OF. alborne, auborne, fr. LL. alburnus whitish, fr. L. albus white. Cf. Alburn.]

1. Flaxen-colored. [Obs.] Florio.

2. Reddish brown. His auburn locks on either shoulder flowed. Dryden.

AUCHENIUM
Au*che"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The part of the neck nearest the back.

AUCTARY
Auc"ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. auctarium.]

Defn: That which is superadded; augmentation. [Obs.] Baxter.

AUCTION Auc"tion, n. Etym: [L. auctio an increasing, a public sale, where the price was called out, and the article to be sold was adjudged to the last increaser of the price, or the highest bidder, fr. L. augere, auctum, to increase. See Augment.]

1. A public sale of property to the highest bidder, esp. by a person licensed and authorized for the purpose; a vendue.

2. The things sold by auction or put up to auction. Ask you why Phryne the whole auction buys Pope.

Note: In the United States, the more prevalent expression has been "sales at auction," that is, by an increase of bids (Lat. auctione). This latter form is preferable. Dutch auction, the public offer of property at a price beyond its value, then gradually lowering the price, till some one accepts it as purchaser. P. Cyc.

AUCTION
Auc"tion, v. t.

Defn: To sell by auction.

AUCTIONARY
Auc"tion*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. auctionarius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an auction or an auctioneer. [R.]
With auctionary hammer in thy hand. Dryden.

AUCTION BRIDGE
Auc"tion bridge.

Defn: A variety of the game of bridge in which the players, beginning with the dealer, bid for the privilege of naming the trump and playing with the dummy for that deal, there being heavy penalties for a player's failure to make good his bid. The score value of each trick more than six taken by the successful bidder is as follows: when the trump is spades, 2; clubs, 6; diamonds, 7; hearts, 8; royal spades (lilies), 9; and when the deal is played with no trump, 10.

AUCTIONEER
Auc`tion*eer", n.

Defn: A person who sells by auction; a person whose business it is to dispose of goods or lands by public sale to the highest or best bidder.

AUCTIONEER
Auc`tion*eer", v. t.

Defn: To sell by auction; to auction.
Estates . . . advertised and auctioneered away. Cowper.

AUCTION PITCH
Auction pitch.

Defn: A game of cards in which the players bid for the privilege of determining or "pitching" the trump suit. R. F. Foster.

AUCUPATION Au`cu*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. aucupatio, fr. auceps, contr. for aviceps; avis bird + capere to take.]

Defn: Birdcatching; fowling. [Obs.] Blount.

AUDACIOUS Au*da"cious, a. Etym: [F. audacieux, as if fr. LL. audaciosus (not found), fr. L. audacia audacity, fr. audax, -acis, bold, fr. audere to dare.]

1. Daring; spirited; adventurous. As in a cloudy chair, ascending rides Audacious. Milton.

2. Contemning the restraints of law, religion, or decorum; bold in wickedness; presumptuous; impudent; insolent. " Audacious traitor." Shak. " Such audacious neighborhood." Milton.

3. Committed with, or proceedings from, daring effrontery or contempt of law, morality, or decorum. "Audacious cruelty." "Audacious prate." Shak.

AUDACIOUSLY
Au*da"cious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an audacious manner; with excess of boldness; impudently.

AUDACIOUSNESS
Au*da"cious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being audacious; impudence; audacity.

AUDACITY
Au*dac"i*ty, n.

1. Daring spirit, resolution, or confidence; venturesomeness. The freedom and audacity necessary in the commerce of men. Tatler.

2. Reckless daring; presumptuous impudence; — implying a contempt of law or moral restraints. With the most arrogant audacity. Joye.

AUDIBILITY
Au`di*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being audible; power of being heard; audible capacity.

AUDIBLE Au"di*ble, a. Etym: [LL. audibilis, fr. L. audire, auditum, to hear: cf. Gr. auris, and E. ear.]

Defn: Capable of being heard; loud enough to be heard; actually heard; as, an audible voice or whisper.

AUDIBLE
Au"di*ble, n.

Defn: That which may be heard. [Obs.]
Visibles are swiftlier carried to the sense than audibles. Bacon.

AUDIBLENESS
Au"di*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being audible.

AUDIBLY
Au"di*bly, adv.

Defn: So as to be heard.

AUDIENCE
Au"di*ence, n. Etym: [F. audience, L. audientia, fr. audire to hear.
See Audible, a.]

1. The act of hearing; attention to sounds. Thou, therefore, give due audience, and attend. Milton.

2. Admittance to a hearing; a formal interview, esp. with a sovereign or the head of a government, for conference or the transaction of business. According to the fair play of the world, Let me have audience: I am sent to speak. Shak.

3. An auditory; an assembly of hearers. Also applied by authors to their readers. Fit audience find, though few. Milton. He drew his audience upward to the sky. Dryden. Court of audience, or Audience court (Eng.), a court long since disused, belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury; also, one belonging to the Archbishop of York. Mozley & W. — In general (or open) audience, publicly. — To give audience, to listen; to admit to an interview.

AUDIENT
Au"di*ent, a. Etym: [L. audiens, p. pr. of audire. See Audible, a.]

Defn: Listening; paying attention; as, audient souls. Mrs. Browning.

AUDIENT
Au"di*ent, n.

Defn: A hearer; especially a catechumen in the early church. [Obs.]
Shelton.

AUDILE
Au"dile, n. [L. audire to hear.] (Psychol.)

Defn: One whose thoughts take the form of mental sounds or of internal discourse rather than of visual or motor images.

AUDIOMETER
Au`di*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. audire to hear + -meter.] (Acous.)

Defn: An instrument by which the power of hearing can be gauged and recorded on a scale.

AUDIPHONE
Au"di*phone, n. Etym: [L. audire to hear + Gr.

Defn: An instrument which, placed against the teeth, conveys sound to the auditory nerve and enables the deaf to hear more or less distinctly; a dentiphone.

AUDIT
Au"dit, n. Etym: [L. auditus a hearing, fr. audire. See Audible, a.]

1. An audience; a hearing. [Obs.] He appeals to a high audit. Milton.

2. An examination in general; a judicial examination.

Note: Specifically: An examination of an account or of accounts, with the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper officers, or persons appointed for that purpose, who compare the charges with the vouchers, examine witnesses, and state the result.

3. The result of such an examination, or an account as adjusted by auditors; final account. Yet I can make my audit up. Shak.

4. A general receptacle or receiver. [Obs.] It [a little brook] paid to its common audit no more than the revenues of a little cloud. Jer. Taylor. Audit ale, a kind of ale, brewed at the English universities, orig. for the day of audit. — Audit house, Audit room, an appendage to a cathedral, for the transaction of its business.

AUDIT
Au"dit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Audited; p. pr. & vb. n. Auditing.]

Defn: To examine and adjust, as an account or accounts; as, to audit the accounts of a treasure, or of parties who have a suit depending in court.

AUDIT
Au"dit, v. i.

Defn: To settle or adjust an account.
Let Hocus audit; he knows how the money was disbursed. Arbuthnot.

AUDITA QUERELA
Au*di"ta que*re"la. Etym: [L., the complaint having been heard.]
(Law)

Defn: A writ which lies for a party against whom judgment is recovered, but to whom good matter of discharge has subsequently accrued which could not have been availed of to prevent such judgment. Wharton.

AUDITION
Au*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. auditio.]

Defn: The act of hearing or listening; hearing. Audition may be active or passive; hence the difference between listening and simple hearing. Dunglison.

AUDITIVE
Au"di*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. auditif.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to hearing; auditory. [R.] Cotgrave.

AUDITOR
Au"di*tor, n. Etym: [L. auditor, fr. audire. See Audible, a.]

1. A hearer or listener. Macaulay.

2. A person appointed and authorized to audit or examine an account or accounts, compare the charges with the vouchers, examine the parties and witnesses, allow or reject charges, and state the balance.

3. One who hears judicially, as in an audience court.

Note: In the United States government, and in the State governments, there are auditors of the treasury and of the public accounts. The name is also applied to persons employed to check the accounts of courts, corporations, companies, societies, and partnerships.

AUDITORIAL
Au`di*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Auditory. [R.]

AUDITORIUM
Au`di*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [L. See Auditory, n.]

Defn: The part of a church, theater, or other public building, assigned to the audience.

Note: In ancient churches the auditorium was the nave, where hearers stood to be instructed; in monasteries it was an apartment for the reception of strangers.

AUDITORSHIP
Au"di*tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or function of auditor.

AUDITORY
Au"di*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. auditorius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to hearing, or to the sense or organs of hearing; as, the auditory nerve. See Ear. Auditory canal (Anat.), the tube from the auditory meatus or opening of the ear to the tympanic membrane.

AUDITORY
Au"di*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. auditorium.]

1. An assembly of hearers; an audience.

2. An auditorium. Udall.

AUDITRESS
Au"di*tress, n.

Defn: A female hearer. Milton.

AUDITUAL
Au*dit"u*al, a.

Defn: Auditory. [R.] Coleridge.

AUF Auf, n. Etym: [OE. auph, aulf, fr. Icel. alfr elf. See Elf.] [Also spelt oaf, ouphe.]

Defn: A changeling or elf child, — that is, one left by fairies; a deformed or foolish child; a simpleton; an oaf. [Obs.] Drayton.

AU FAIT Au` fait". Etym: [F. Lit., to the deed, act, or point. Fait is fr. L. factum. See Fact.]

Defn: Expert; skillful; well instructed.

AUFKLARUNG
Auf"klä*rung, n. [G., enlightenment.]

Defn: A philosophic movement of the 18th century characterized by a lively questioning of authority, keen interest in matters of politics and general culture, and an emphasis on empirical method in science. It received its impetus from the unsystematic but vigorous skepticism of Pierre Bayle, the physical doctrines of Newton, and the epistemological theories of Locke, in the preceding century. Its chief center was in France, where it gave rise to the skepticism of Voltaire , the naturalism of Rousseau, the sensationalism of Condillac, and the publication of the "Encyclopedia" by D'Alembert and Diderot. In Germany, Lessing, Mendelssohn, and Herder were representative thinkers, while the political doctrines of the leaders of the American Revolution and the speculations of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine represented the movement in America.

AU FOND
Au` fond". [F., lit., at the bottom.]

Defn: At bottom; fundamentally; essentially.

AUGEAN
Au*ge"an, a.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Augeus, king of Elis, whose stable contained 3000 oxen, and had not been cleaned for 30 years. Hercules cleansed it in a single day.

2. Hence: Exceedingly filthy or corrupt. Augean stable (Fig.), an accumulation of corruption or filth almost beyond the power of man to remedy.

AUGER Au"ger, n. Etym: [OE. augoure, nauger, AS. nafegar, fr. nafu, nafa, nave of a wheel + gar spear, and therefore meaning properly and originally a nave-bore. See Nave (of a wheel) and 2d Gore, n.]

1. A carpenter's tool for boring holes larger than those bored by a gimlet. It has a handle placed crosswise by which it is turned with both hands. A pod auger is one with a straight channel or groove, like the half of a bean pod. A screw auger has a twisted blade, by the spiral groove of which the chips are discharge.

2. An instrument for boring or perforating soils or rocks, for determining the quality of soils, or the nature of the rocks or strata upon which they lie, and for obtaining water. Auger bit, a bit with a cutting edge or blade like that of an anger.

AUGET Au*get", n. Etym: [F., dim. of auge trough, fr. L. alveus hollow, fr. alvus belly.] (Mining)

Defn: A priming tube connecting the charge chamber with the gallery, or place where the slow match is applied. Knight.

AUGHT; AUCHT
Aught, Aucht, n. Etym: [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]

Defn: Property; possession. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

AUGHT Aught, n. Etym: [OE. aught, ought, awiht, AS. awiht, a ever + wiht. *136. See Aye ever, and Whit, Wight.]

Defn: Anything; any part. [Also written ought.]
There failed not aught of any good thing which the Lord has spoken.
Josh. xxi. 45
But go, my son, and see if aught be wanting. Addison.

AUGHT
Aught, adv.

Defn: At all; in any degree. Chaucer.

AUGITE
Au"gite, n. Etym: [L. augites, Gr. augite.]

Defn: A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt; — also used instead of the general term pyroxene.

AUGITIC
Au*git"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, augite; containing augite as a principal constituent; as, augitic rocks.

AUGMENT Aug*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Augmented; p. pr. & vb. n. Augmenting.] Etym: [L. augmentare, fr. augmentum an increase, fr. augere to increase; perh. akin to Gr. wax, v., and eke, v.: cf. F. augmenter.]

1. To enlarge or increase in size, amount, or degree; to swell; to make bigger; as, to augment an army by reëforcements; rain augments a stream; impatience augments an evil. But their spite still serves His glory to augment. Milton.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: To add an augment to.

AUGMENT
Aug*ment", v. i.

Defn: To increase; to grow larger, stronger, or more intense; as, a stream augments by rain.

AUGMENT
Aug"ment, n. Etym: [L. augmentum: cf. F. augment.]

1. Enlargement by addition; increase.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A vowel prefixed, or a lengthening of the initial vowel, to mark past time, as in Greek and Sanskrit verbs.

Note: In Greek, the syllabic augment is a prefixed temporal augment is an increase of the quantity (time) of an initial vowel, as by changing

AUGMENTABLE
Aug*ment"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of augmentation. Walsh.

AUGMENTATION
Aug`men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. augmentatio: cf. F. augmentation.]

1. The act or process of augmenting, or making larger, by addition, expansion, or dilation; increase.

2. The state of being augmented; enlargement.

3. The thing added by way of enlargement.

4. (Her.)

Defn: A additional charge to a coat of arms, given as a mark of honor. Cussans.

5. (Med.)

Defn: The stage of a disease in which the symptoms go on increasing.
Dunglison.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: In counterpoint and fugue, a repetition of the subject in tones of twice the original length. Augmentation court (Eng. Hist.), a court erected by Stat. 27 Hen. VIII., to augment to revenues of the crown by the suppression of monasteries. It was long ago dissolved. Encyc. Brit.

Syn.
 — Increase; enlargement; growth; extension; accession; addition.

AUGMENTATIVE
Aug*ment"a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. augmentatif.]

Defn: Having the quality or power of augmenting; expressing
augmentation.
 — Aug*ment"a*tive*ly, adv.

AUGMENTATIVE
Aug*ment"a*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A word which expresses with augmented force the idea or the properties of the term from which it is derived; as, dullard, one very dull. Opposed to diminutive. Gibbs.

AUGMENTER
Aug*ment"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, augments or increases anything.

AU GRATIN
Au` gra`tin". [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: With a crust made by browning in the oven; as, spaghetti may be served au gratin.

AUGRIM
Au"grim, n.

Defn: See Algorism. [Obs.] Chaucer. Augrim stones, pebbles formerly
used in numeration.
 — Noumbres of Augrim, Arabic numerals. Chaucer.

AUGUR
Au"gur, n. Etym: [L. Of uncertain origin: the first part of the word
is perh. fr. L. avis bird, and the last syllable, gur, equiv. to the
Skr. gar to call, akin to L. garrulus garrulous.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An official diviner who foretold events by the singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or omens derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of quadrupeds, or unusual occurrences.

2. One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer; a diviner; a prophet. Augur of ill, whose tongue was never found Without a priestly curse or boding sound. Dryden.

AUGUR
Au"gur, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Augured (; p. pr. & vb. n. Auguring.]

1. To conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to foreshow. My auguring mind assures the same success. Dryden.

2. To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable issue; as, to augur well or ill.

AUGUR
Au"gur, v. t.

Defn: To predict or foretell, as from signs or omens; to betoken; to
presage; to infer.
It seems to augur genius. Sir W. Scott.
I augur everything from the approbation the proposal has met with. J.
F. W. Herschel.

Syn. — To predict; forebode; betoken; portend; presage; prognosticate; prophesy; forewarn.

AUGURAL
Au"gu*ral, a. Etym: [L. auguralis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to augurs or to augury; betokening; ominous; significant; as, an augural staff; augural books. "Portents augural." Cowper.

AUGURATE Au"gu*rate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. auguratus, p. p. of augurari to augur.]

Defn: To make or take auguries; to augur; to predict. [Obs.] C.
Middleton.

AUGURATE
Au"gu*rate, n.

Defn: The office of an augur. Merivale.

AUGURATION
Au`gu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. auguratio.]

Defn: The practice of augury.

AUGURER
Au"gur*er, n.

Defn: An augur. [Obs.] Shak.

AUGURIAL
Au*gu"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. augurialis.]

Defn: Relating to augurs or to augury. Sir T. Browne.

AUGURIST
Au"gu*rist, n.

Defn: An augur. [R.]

AUGURIZE
Au"gur*ize, v. t.

Defn: To augur. [Obs.] Blount.

AUGURIZE
Au"gur*ize, v. t.

Defn: To augur. [Obs.] Blount.

AUGUROUS
Au"gu*rous, a.

Defn: Full of augury; foreboding. [Obs.] "Augurous hearts." Chapman.

AUGURSHIP
Au"gur*ship, n.

Defn: The office, or period of office, of an augur. Bacon.

AUGURY
Au"gu*ry, n.; pl. Auguries (. Etym: [L. aucurium.]

1. The art or practice of foretelling events by observing the actions of birds, etc.; divination.

2. An omen; prediction; prognostication; indication of the future; presage. From their flight strange auguries she drew. Drayton. He resigned himself . . . with a docility that gave little augury of his future greatness. Prescott.

3. A rite, ceremony, or observation of an augur.

AUGUST
Au*gust", a. Etym: [L. augustus; cf. augere to increase; in the
language of religion, to honor by offerings: cf. F. auguste. See
Augment.]

Defn: Of a quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having an aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having exalted birth, character, state, or authority. "Forms august." Pope. "August in visage." Dryden. "To shed that august blood." Macaulay. So beautiful and so august a spectacle. Burke. To mingle with a body so august. Byron.

Syn. — Grand; magnificent; majestic; solemn; awful; noble; stately; dignified; imposing.

AUGUST
Au"gust, n. Etym: [L. Augustus. See note below, and August, a.]

Defn: The eighth month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

Note: The old Roman name was Sextilis, the sixth month from March, the month in which the primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was changed to August in honor of Augustus Cæsar, the first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his entering on his first consulate in that month.

AUGUSTAN
Au*gus"tan, a. Etym: [L. Augustanus, fr. Augustus. See August, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to Augustus Cæsar or to his times.

2. Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg. Augustan age of any national literature, the period of its highest state of purity and refinement; — so called because the reign of Augustus Cæsar was the golden age of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b. 1638) has been called the Augustan age of French literature, and that of Queen Anne (b. 1664) the Augustan age of English literature. — Augustan confession (Eccl. Hist.), or confession of Augsburg, drawn up at Augusta Vindelicorum, or Augsburg, by Luther and Melanchthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants, and their reasons for separating from the Roman Catholic church.

AUGUSTINE; AUGUSTINIAN
Au*gus"tine, Au`gus*tin"i*an, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: A member of one of the religious orders called after St.
Augustine; an Austin friar.

AUGUSTINIAN
Au`gus*tin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern Africa (b. 354 — d. 430), or to his doctrines. Augustinian canons, an order of monks once popular in England and Ireland; — called also regular canons of St. Austin, and black canons. — Augustinian hermits or Austin friars, an order of friars established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into the United States from Ireland in 1790. — Augustinian nuns, an order of nuns following the rule of St. Augustine. — Augustinian rule, a rule for religious communities based upon the 109th letter of St. Augustine, and adopted by the Augustinian orders.

AUGUSTINIAN
Au`gus*tin"i*an, n.

Defn: One of a class of divines, who, following St. Augustine, maintain that grace by its nature is effectual absolutely and creatively, not relatively and conditionally.

AUGUSTINIANISM; AUGUSTINISM
Au`gus*tin"i*an*ism, Au*gus"tin*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines held by Augustine or by the Augustinians.

AUGUSTLY
Au*gust"ly, adv.

Defn: In an august manner.

AUGUSTNESS
Au*gust"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being august; dignity of mien; grandeur; magnificence.

AUK
Auk, n. Etym: [Prov. E. alk; akin to Dan. alke, Icel. & Sw. alka.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to various species of arctic sea birds of the family Alcidæ. The great auk, now extinct, is Alca (or Plautus) impennis. The razor-billed auk is A. torda. See Puffin, Guillemot, and Murre.

AUKWARD
Auk"ward, a.

Defn: See Awkward. [Obs.]

AULARIAN
Au*la"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. aula hall. Cf. LL. aularis of a court.]

Defn: Relating to a hall.

AULARIAN
Au*la"ri*an, n.

Defn: At Oxford, England, a member of a hall, distinguished from a collegian. Chalmers.

AULD
Auld, a. Etym: [See Old.]

Defn: Old; as, Auld Reekie (old smoky), i. e., Edinburgh. [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]

AULD LANG SYNE
Auld` lang syne".

Defn: A Scottish phrase used in recalling recollections of times long since past. "The days of auld lang syne."

AULD LICHT; AULD LIGHT Auld licht, Auld light . (Eccl. Hist.) (a) A member of the conservative party in the Church of Scotland in the latter part of the 18th century. (b) Same as Burgher, n., 2.

AULETIC
Au*let"ic, a. Etym: [L. auleticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pipe (flute) or piper. [R.] Ash.

AULIC
Au"lic, a. Etym: [L. aulicus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a royal court. Ecclesiastical wealth and aulic dignities. Landor. Aulic council (Hist.), a supreme court of the old German empire; properly the supreme court of the emperor. It ceased at the death of each emperor, and was renewed by his successor. It became extinct when the German empire was dissolved, in 1806. The term is now applied to a council of the war department of the Austrian empire, and the members of different provincial chanceries of that empire are called aulic councilors. P. Cyc.

AULIC
Au"lic, n.

Defn: The ceremony observed in conferring the degree of doctor of divinity in some European universities. It begins by a harangue of the chancellor addressed to the young doctor, who then receives the cap, and presides at the disputation (also called the aulic).

AULN
Auln, n.

Defn: An ell. [Obs.] See Aune.

AULNAGE; AULNAGER
Aul"nage, Aul"na*ger, n.

Defn: See Alnage and Alnager.

AUM
Aum, n.

Defn: Same as Aam.

AUMAIL
Au*mail", v. t. Etym: [OE. for amel, enamel.]

Defn: To figure or variegate. [Obs.] Spenser.

AUMBRY
Aum"bry, n.

Defn: Same as Ambry.

AUMERY
Au"me*ry, n.

Defn: A form of Ambry, a closet; but confused with Almonry, as if a place for alms.

AUNCEL
Aun"cel, n.

Defn: A rude balance for weighing, and a kind of weight, formerly used in England. Halliwell.

AUNCETRY
Aun"cet*ry, n.

Defn: Ancestry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AUNE
Aune, n. Etym: [F. See Alnage.]

Defn: A French cloth measure, of different parts of the country (at
Paris, 0.95 of an English ell); — now superseded by the meter.

AUNT
Aunt, n. Etym: [OF. ante, F. tante, L. amita father's sister. Cf.
Amma.]

1. The sister of one's father or mother; — correlative to nephew or niece. Also applied to an uncle's wife.

Note: Aunt is sometimes applied as a title or term of endearment to a kind elderly woman not thus related.

2. An old woman; and old gossip. [Obs.] Shak.

3. A bawd, or a prostitute. [Obs.] Shak. Aunt Sally, a puppet head placed on a pole and having a pipe in its mouth; also a game, which consists in trying to hit the pipe by throwing short bludgeons at it.

AUNTER
Aun"ter, n.

Defn: Adventure; hap. [Obs.] In aunters, perchance.

AUNTER; AUNTRE
Aun"ter, Aun"tre, v. t. Etym: [See Adventure.]

Defn: To venture; to dare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AUNTIE; AUNTY
Aunt"ie, Aunt"y, n.

Defn: A familiar name for an aunt. In the southern United States a familiar term applied to aged negro women.

AUNTROUS
Aun"trous, a.

Defn: Adventurous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AURA
Au"ra, n.; pl. Auræ (. Etym: [L. aura air, akin to Gr.

1. Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The peculiar sensation, as of a light vapor, or cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs towards the head, a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or hysterics. Electric ~, a supposed electric fluid, emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass surrounding it, called the electric atmosphere. See Atmosphere, 2.

AURAL
Au"ral, a. Etym: [L. aura air.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the air, or to an aura.

AURAL
Au"ral, a. Etym: [L. auris ear.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ear; as, aural medicine and surgery.

AURANTIACEOUS
Au*ran`ti*a"ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the Aurantiaceæ, an order of plants (formerly considered natural), of which the orange is the type.

AURATE Au"rate, n. Etym: [L. auratus, p. p. of aurare to gild, fr. aurum gold: cf. F. aurate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combination of auric acid with a base; as, aurate or potassium.

AURATED
Au"ra*ted, a. Etym: [See Aurate.]

1. Resembling or containing gold; gold-colored; gilded.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with auric acid.

AURATED
Au"ra*ted, a.

Defn: Having ears. See Aurited.

AUREATE
Au"re*ate, a. Etym: [L. aureatus, fr. aureus golden, fr. aurum gold.]

Defn: Golden; gilded. Skelton.

AURELIA Au*re"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. aurum gold: cf. F. aurélie. Cf. Chrysalis.] (Zoöl.) (a) The chrysalis, or pupa of an insect, esp. when reflecting a brilliant golden color, as that of some of the butterflies. (b) A genus of jellyfishes. See Discophora.

AURELIAN
Au*re"li*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the aurelia.

AURELIAN
Au*re"li*an, n.

Defn: An amateur collector and breeder of insects, esp. of butterflies and moths; a lepidopterist.

AUREOLA; AUREOLE
Au*re"o*la, Au"re*ole, n. Etym: [F. auréole, fr. L. aureola, (fem
adj.) of gold (sc. corona crown), dim. of aureus. See Aureate,
Oriole.]

1. (R. C. Theol.)

Defn: A celestial crown or accidental glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.) who have overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil.

2. The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ, saints, and others held in special reverence.

Note: Limited to the head, it is strictly termed a nimbus; when it envelops the whole body, an aureola. Fairholt.

3. A halo, actual or figurative.
The glorious aureole of light seen around the sun during total
eclipses. Proctor.
The aureole of young womanhood. O. W. Holmes.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: See Areola, 2.

AU REVOIR
Au` re*voir". [F., lit., to the seeing again.]

Defn: Good-by until we meet again.

AURIC
Au"ric, a. Etym: [L. aurum gold.]

1. Of or pertaining to gold.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; — said of those compounds of gold in which this element has its higher valence; as, auric oxide; auric chloride.

AURICHALCEOUS
Au`ri*chal"ce*ous, a. Etym: [L. aurichalcum, for orichalcum brass.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Brass-colored.

AURICHALCITE
Au`ri*chal"cite, n. Etym: [See Aurichalceous.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous carbonate of copper and zinc, found in pale green or blue crystalline aggregations. It yields a kind of brass on reduction.

AURICLE
Au"ri*cle, n. Etym: [L. auricula, dim. of auris ear. See Ear.]

1. (Anat.) (a) The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent from the head. (b) The chamber, or one of the two chambers, of the heart, by which the blood is received and transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles; — so called from its resemblance to the auricle or external ear of some quadrupeds. See Heart.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An angular or ear-shaped lobe.

3. An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in hearing; a kind of ear trumpet. Mansfield.

AURICLED
Au"ri*cled, a.

Defn: Having ear-shaped appendages or lobes; auriculate; as, auricled leaves.

AURICULA Au*ric"u*la, n.; pl. L. Auriculæ (, E. Auriculas (. Etym: [L. auricula. See Auricle.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A species of Primula, or primrose, called also, from the shape of its leaves, bear's-ear. (b) (b) A species of Hirneola (H. auricula), a membranaceous fungus, called also auricula Judæ, or Jew's-ear. P. Cyc.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A genus of air-breathing mollusks mostly found near the sea, where the water is brackish (b) One of the five arched processes of the shell around the jaws of a sea urchin.

AURICULAR
Au*ric"u*lar, a. Etym: [LL. auricularis: cf. F. auriculaire. See
Auricle.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ear, or to the sense of hearing; as, auricular nerves.

2. Told in the ear, i. e., told privately; as, auricular confession to the priest. This next chapter is a penitent confession of the king, and the strangest . . . that ever was auricular. Milton.

3. Recognized by the ear; known by the sense of hearing; as, auricular evidence. "Auricular assurance." Shak.

4. Received by the ear; known by report. "Auricular traditions." Bacon.

5. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the auricles of the heart. Auricular finger, the little finger; so called because it can be readily introduced into the ear passage.

AURICULARIA
Au*ric`u*la"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. LL. auricularis.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of holothurian larva, with soft, blunt appendages. See
Illustration in Appendix.

AURICULARLY
Au*ric"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an auricular manner.

AURICULARS
Au*ric"u*lars, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A circle of feathers surrounding the opening of the ear of birds.

AURICULATE; AURICULATED
Au*ric"u*late, Au*ric"u*la`ted, a. Etym: [See Auricle.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having ears or appendages like ears; eared. Esp.: (a) (Bot.) Having lobes or appendages like the ear; shaped like the ear; auricled. (b) (Zoöl.) Having an angular projection on one or both sides, as in certain bivalve shells, the foot of some gastropods, etc. Auriculate leaf, one having small appended leaves or lobes on each side of its petiole or base.

AURIFEROUS
Au*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aurifer; aurum gold + ferre to bear: cf.
F. aurifère.]

Defn: Gold-bearing; containing or producing gold. Whence many a bursting stream auriferous plays. Thomson. ~= pyrites, iron pyrites (iron disulphide), containing some gold disseminated through it.

AURIFLAMME
Au"ri*flamme, n.

Defn: See Oriflamme.

AURIFORM
Au"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. auris ear + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of the human ear; ear-shaped.

AURIGA
Au*ri"ga, n. Etym: [L., charioteer.] (Anat.)

Defn: The Charioteer, or Wagoner, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, situated between Perseus and Gemini. It contains the bright star Capella.

AURIGAL
Au*ri"gal, a. Etym: [L. aurigalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chariot. [R.]

AURIGATION Au`ri*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. aurigatio, fr. aurigare to be a charioteer, fr. auriga.]

Defn: The act of driving a chariot or a carriage. [R.] De Quincey.

AURIGRAPHY
Au*rig"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. aurum gold + -graphy.]

Defn: The art of writing with or in gold.

AURILAVE
Au`ri*lave, n. [L. auris ear + lavare to wash.]

Defn: An instrument for cleansing the ear, consisting of a small piece of sponge on an ivory or bone handle.

AURIN
Au"rin, n. Etym: [L. aurum gold.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red coloring matter derived from phenol; — called also, in commerce, yellow coralin.

AURIPHRYGIATE Au`ri*phryg"i*ate, a. Etym: [LL. auriphrigiatus; L. aurum gold + LL. phrygiare to adorn with Phrygian needlework, or with embroidery; perhaps corrupted from some other word. Cf. Orfrays.]

Defn: Embroidered or decorated with gold. [R.] Southey.

AURIPIGMENT
Au`ri*pig"ment, n.

Defn: See Orpiment. [Obs.]

AURISCALP
Au"ri*scalp, n. Etym: [L. auris ear + scalpere to scrape.]

Defn: An earpick.

AURISCOPE
Au"ri*scope, n. Etym: [L. auris + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.

AURISCOPY
Au*ris"co*py, n.

Defn: Examination of the ear by the aid of the auriscope.

AURIST
Au"rist, n. Etym: [L. auris ear.]

Defn: One skilled in treating and curing disorders of the ear.

AURITED
Au"ri*ted, a. Etym: [L. auritus, fr. auris ear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having lobes like the ear; auriculate.

AURIVOROUS
Au*riv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. aurum gold + vorare to devour.]

Defn: Gold-devouring. [R.] H. Walpole.

AUROCEPHALOUS
Au`ro*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Aurum + cephalous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a gold-colored head.

AUROCHLORIDE
Au`ro*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Aurum + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: The trichloride of gold combination with the chloride of another metal, forming a double chloride; — called also chloraurate.

AUROCHS Au"rochs, n. Etym: [G. auerochs, OHG. ; (cf. AS. ) + ohso ox, G. ochs. Cf. Owre, Ox.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bison (Bison bonasus, or Europæus), once widely distributed, but now nearly extinct, except where protected in the Lithuanian forests, and perhaps in the Caucasus. It is distinct from the Urus of Cæsar, with which it has often been confused.

AUROCYANIDE
Au`ro*cy"a*nide, n. Etym: [Aurum + cyanide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double cyanide of gold and some other metal or radical; — called also cyanaurate.

AURORA Au*ro"ra, n.; pl. E. Auroras (, L. (rarely used) Auroræ (. Etym: [L. aurora, for ausosa, akin to Gr. ushas, and E. east.]

1. The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises.

2. The rise, dawn, or beginning. Hawthorne.

3. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Roman personification of the dawn of day; the goddess of the morning. The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in a chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of crowfoot. Johnson.

5. The aurora borealis or aurora australis (northern or southern lights). Aurora borealis (, i. e., northern daybreak; popularly called northern lights. A luminous meteoric phenomenon, visible only at night, and supposed to be of electrical origin. This species of light usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a dusky line or bank, a few degrees above the northern horizon; when reaching south beyond the zenith, it forms what is called the corona, about a spot in the heavens toward which the dipping needle points. Occasionally the aurora appears as an arch of light across the heavens from east to west. Sometimes it assumes a wavy appearance, and the streams of light are then called merry dancers. They assume a variety of colors, from a pale red or yellow to a deep red or blood color. The Aurora australis (is a corresponding phenomenon in the southern hemisphere, the streams of light ascending in the same manner from near the southern horizon.

AURORAL
Au*ro"ral, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the aurora (the dawn or the northern lights); rosy. Her cheeks suffused with an auroral blush. Longfellow.

AUROUS
Au"rous, a.

1. Containing gold.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; — said of those compounds of gold in which this element has its lower valence; as, aurous oxide.

AURUM
Au"rum, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Gold. Aurum fulminans (See Fulminate.
 — Aurum mosaicum (See Mosaic.

AUSCULT
Aus*cult", v. i. & t.

Defn: To auscultate.

AUSCULTATE
Aus"cul*tate, v. i. & t.

Defn: To practice auscultation; to examine by auscultation.

AUSCULTATION Aus`cul*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. ausculcatio, fr. auscultare to listen, fr. a dim. of auris, orig. ausis, ear. See Auricle, and cf. Scout, n.]

1. The act of listening or hearkening to. Hickes.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An examination by listening either directly with the ear (immediate auscultation) applied to parts of the body, as the abdomen; or with the stethoscope (mediate ~), in order to distinguish sounds recognized as a sign of health or of disease.

AUSCULTATOR
Aus"cul*ta`tor, n.

Defn: One who practices auscultation.

AUSCULTATORY
Aus*cul"ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to auscultation. Dunglison.

AUSONIAN
Au*so"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Ausonia, poetic name for Italy.]

Defn: Italian. Milton.

AUSPICATE Aus"pi*cate, a. Etym: [L. auspicatus, p. p. of auspicari to take auspices, fr. auspex a bird seer, an augur, a contr. of avispex; avis bird + specere, spicere, to view. See Aviary, Spy.]

Defn: Auspicious. [Obs.] Holland.

AUSPICATE
Aus"pi*cate, v. t.

1. To foreshow; to foretoken. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To give a favorable turn to in commencing; to inaugurate; — a sense derived from the Roman practice of taking the auspicium, or inspection of birds, before undertaking any important business. They auspicate all their proceedings. Burke.

AUSPICE Aus"pice, n.; pl. Auspices (. Etym: [L. auspicium, fr. auspex: cf. F. auspice. See Auspicate, a.]

1. A divining or taking of omens by observing birds; an omen as to an undertaking, drawn from birds; an augury; an omen or sign in general; an indication as to the future.

2. Protection; patronage and care; guidance. Which by his auspice they will nobler make. Dryden.

Note: In this sense the word is generally plural, auspices; as, under the auspices of the king.

AUSPICIAL
Aus*pi"cial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to auspices; auspicious. [R.]

AUSPICIOUS
Aus*pi"cious, a. Etym: [See Auspice.]

1. Having omens or tokens of a favorable issue; giving promise of success, prosperity, or happiness; predicting good; as, an auspicious beginning. Auspicious union of order and freedom. Macaulay.

2. Prosperous; fortunate; as, auspicious years. "Auspicious chief." Dryden.

3. Favoring; favorable; propitious; — applied to persons or things. "Thy auspicious mistress." Shak. "Auspicious gales." Pope.

Syn.
 — See Propitious.
 — Aus*pi"cious*ly, adv.
 — Aus*pi"cious*ness, n.

AUSTER
Aus"ter, n. Etym: [L. auster a dry, hot, south wind; the south.]

Defn: The south wind. Pope.

AUSTERE
Aus*tere", Etym: [F. austère, L. austerus, fr. Gr. Sear.]

1. Sour and astringent; rough to the state; having acerbity; as, an austere crab apple; austere wine.

2. Severe in modes of judging, or living, or acting; rigid; rigorous; stern; as, an austere man, look, life. From whom the austere Etrurian virtue rose. Dryden.

3. Unadorned; unembellished; severely simple.

Syn.
 — Harsh; sour; rough; rigid; stern; severe; rigorous; strict.

AUSTERELY
Aus*tere"ly, adv.

Defn: Severely; rigidly; sternly.
A doctrine austerely logical. Macaulay.

AUSTERENESS
Aus*tere"ness, n.

1. Harshness or astringent sourness to the taste; acerbity. Johnson.

2. Severity; strictness; austerity. Shak.

AUSTERITY Aus*ter"i*ty, n.; pl. Austplwies (. Etym: [F. austérité, L. austerias, fr. austerus. See Austere.]

1. Sourness and harshness to the taste. [Obs.] Horsley.

2. Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or strictness; harsh discipline. The austerity of John the Baptist. Milton.

3. Plainness; freedom from adornment; severe simplicity. Partly owing to the studied austerity of her dress, and partly to the lack of demonstration in her manners. Hawthorne.

AUSTIN
Aus"tin, a.

Defn: Augustinian; as, Austin friars.

AUSTRAL
Aus"tral, a. Etym: [L. australis, fr. auster: cf. F. austral.]

Defn: Southern; lying or being in the south; as, austral land; austral ocean. Austral signs (Astron.), the last six signs of the zodiac, or those south of the equator.

AUSTRALASIAN
Aus`tral*a"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Australasia; as, Australasian regions.
 — n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Australasia.

AUSTRALIAN
Aus*tra"li*an, a. Etym: [From L. Terra Australis southern land.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Australia.
 — n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Australia.

AUSTRALIAN BALLOT
Aus*tra"li*an bal"lot. (Law)

Defn: A system of balloting or voting in public elections, originally used in South Australia, in which there is such an arrangement for polling votes that secrecy is compulsorily maintained, and the ballot used is an official ballot printed and distributed by the government.

AUSTRALIZE
Aus"tral*ize, v. i. Etym: [See Austral.]

Defn: To tend toward the south pole, as a magnet. [Obs.] They [magnets] do septentrionate at one extreme, and australize at another. Sir T. Browne.

AUSTRIAN
Aus"tri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Austria, or to its inhabitants.
 — n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Austria.

AUSTRINE
Aus"trine, n. Etym: [L. austrinus, from auster south.]

Defn: Southern; southerly; austral. [Obs.] Bailey.

AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN
Aus"tro-Hun*ga"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the monarchy composed of Austria and
Hungary.

AUSTROMANCY
Aus"tro*man`cy, n. Etym: [L. auster south wind + -mancy.]

Defn: Soothsaying, or prediction of events, from observation of the winds.

AUSZUG
Aus"zug` (ous"tsook), n.; Ger. pl. -zÜge (-tsü`ge). [G.]

Defn: See Army organization, Switzerland.

AUTARCHY
Au"tar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Self-sufficiency. [Obs.] Milton.

AUTHENTIC Au*then"tic, a. Etym: [OE. autentik, OF. autentique, F. authentique, L. authenticus coming from the real author, of original or firsthand authority, from Gr. sons and perh. orig. from the p. pr. of to be, root as, and meaning the one it really is. See Am, Sin, n., and cf. Effendi.]

1. Having a genuine original or authority, in opposition to that which is false, fictitious, counterfeit, or apocryphal; being what it purports to be; genuine; not of doubtful origin; real; as, an authentic paper or register. To be avenged On him who had stole Jove's authentic fire. Milton.

2. Authoritative. [Obs.] Milton.

3. Of approved authority; true; trustworthy; credible; as, an authentic writer; an authentic portrait; authentic information.

4. (Law)

Defn: Vested with all due formalities, and legally attested.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Having as immediate relation to the tonic, in distinction from plagal, which has a correspondent relation to the dominant in the octave below the tonic.

Syn. — Authentic, Genuine. These words, as here compared, have reference to historical documents. We call a document genuine when it can be traced back ultimately to the author or authors from whom it professes to emanate. Hence, the word has the meaning, "not changed from the original, uncorrupted, unadulterated:" as, a genuine text. We call a document authentic when, on the ground of its being thus traced back, it may be relied on as true and authoritative (from the primary sense of "having an author, vouched for"); hence its extended signification, in general literature, of trustworthy, as resting on unquestionable authority or evidence; as, an authentic history; an authentic report of facts. A genuine book is that which was written by the person whose name it bears, as the author of it. An authentic book is that which relates matters of fact as they really happened. A book may be genuine without being, authentic, and a book may be authentic without being genuine. Bp. Watson.

Note: It may be said, however, that some writers use authentic (as, an authentic document) in the sense of "produced by its professed author, not counterfeit."

AUTHENTIC
Au*then"tic, n.

Defn: An original (book or document). [Obs.] "Authentics and transcripts." Fuller.

AUTHENTICAL
Au*then"tic*al, a.

Defn: Authentic. [Archaic]

AUTHENTICALLY
Au*then"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an authentic manner; with the requisite or genuine authority.

AUTHENTICALNESS
Au*then*tic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being authentic; authenticity. [R.] Barrow.

AUTHENTICATE
Au*then"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Authenticated (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Authenticating ( Etym: [Cf. LL. authenticare.]

1. To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to credit. The king serves only as a notary to authenticate the choice of judges. Burke.

2. To prove authentic; to determine as real and true; as, to authenticate a portrait. Walpole.

AUTHENTICITY
Au`then*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. authenticité.]

1. The quality of being authentic or of established authority for truth and correctness.

2. Genuineness; the quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original.

Note: In later writers, especially those on the evidences of Christianity, authenticity is often restricted in its use to the first of the above meanings, and distinguished from qenuineness.

AUTHENTICLY
Au*then"tic*ly, adv.

Defn: Authentically.

AUTHENTICNESS
Au*then"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being authentic; authenticity. [R.] Hammond.

AUTHENTICS
Au*then"tics, n. (Ciwil Law)

Defn: A collection of the Novels or New Constitutions of Justinian, by an anonymous author; — so called on account of its authencity. Bouvier.

AUTHOR Au"thor, n. Etym: [OE. authour, autour, OF. autor, F. auteur, fr. L. auctor, sometimes, but erroneously, written autor or author, fr. augere to increase, to produce. See Auction, n.]

1. The beginner, former, or first mover of anything; hence, the efficient cause of a thing; a creator; an originator. Eternal King; thee, Author of all being. Milton.

2. One who composes or writers a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler. The chief glory every people arises from its authors. Johnson.

3. The editor of a periodical. [Obs.]

4. An informant. [Archaic] Chaucer.

AUTHOR
Au"thor, v. t.

1. To occasion; to originate. [Obs.] Such an overthrow . . . I have authored. Chapman.

2. To tell; to say; to declare. [Obs.] More of him I dare not author. Massinger.

AUTHORESS
Au"thor*ess, n.

Defn: A female author. Glover.

Note: The word is not very much used, author being commonly applied to a female writer as well as to a male.

AUTHORIAL
Au*tho"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an author. "The authorial Hare.

AUTHORISM
Au"thor*ism, n.

Defn: Authoriship. [R.]

AUTHORITATIVE
Au*thor"i*ta*tive, a.

1. Having, or proceeding from, due authority; entitled to obedience, credit, or acceptance; determinate; commanding. The sacred functions of authoritative teaching. Barrow.

2. Having an air of authority; positive; dictatorial; peremptory; as, an authoritative tone. The mock authoritative manner of the one, and the insipid mirth of the other. Swift. — Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ly, adv — Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ness, n.

AUTHORITY
Au*thor"i*ty, n.; pl. Authorities (. Etym: [OE. autorite, auctorite,
F. autorité, fr. L. auctoritas, fr. auctor. See Author, n.]

1. Legal or rightful power; a right to command or to act; power exercised buy a person in virtue of his office or trust; dominion; jurisdiction; authorization; as, the authority of a prince over subjects, and of parents over children; the authority of a court. Thus can the demigod, Authority, Make us pay down for our offense. Shak. By what authority doest thou these things Matt. xxi. 23.

2. Government; the persons or the body exercising power or command; as, the local authorities of the States; the military authorities. [Chiefly in the plural.]

3. The power derived from opinion, respect, or esteem; influence of character, office, or station, or mental or moral superiority, and the like; claim to be believed or obeyed; as, an historian of no authority; a magistrate of great authority.

4. That which, or one who, is claimed or appealed to in support of opinions, actions, measures, etc. Hence: (a) Testimony; witness. "And on that high authority had believed." Milton. (b) A precedent; a decision of a court, an official declaration, or an opinion, saying, or statement worthy to be taken as a precedent. (c) A book containing such a statement or opinion, or the author of the book. (d) Justification; warrant. Wilt thou be glass wherein it shall discern Authority for sin, warrant for blame. Shak.

AUTHORIZABLE
Au"thor*i`za*ble, a. Etym: [LL. authorisabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being authorized. Hammond.

AUTHORIZATION
Au`thor*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. autorisation.]

Defn: The act of giving authority or legal power; establishment by
authority; sanction or warrant.
The authorization of laws. Motley.
A special authorization from the chief. Merivale.

AUTHORIZE
Au"thor*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Authorized (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Authorizing.] Etym: [OE. autorize, F. autoriser, fr. LL. auctorizare,
authorisare. See Author.]

1. To clothe with authority, warrant, or legal power; to give a right to act; to empower; as, to authorize commissioners to settle a boundary.

2. To make legal; to give legal sanction to; to legalize; as, to authorize a marriage.

3. To establish by authority, as by usage or public opinion; to sanction; as, idioms authorized by usage.

4. To sanction or confirm by the authority of some one; to warrant; as, to authorize a report. A woman's story at a winter's fire, Authorized by her grandam. Shak.

5. To justify; to furnish a ground for. Locke.

AUTHORIZED
Au"thor*ized, a.

1. Possessed of or endowed with authority; as, an authorized agent.

2. Sanctioned by authority. The Authorized Version of the Bible is the English translation of the Bible published in 1611 under sanction of King James I. It was "appointed to be read in churches," and has been the accepted English Bible. The Revised Version was published in a complete form in 1855.

AUTHORIZE ONE'S SELF
To authorize one's self

Defn: , to rely for authority. [Obs.]
Authorizing himself, for the most part, upon other histories. Sir P.
Sidney.

AUTHORIZER
Au"thor*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who authorizes.

AUTHORLESS
Au"thor*less, a.

Defn: Without an author; without authority; anonymous.

AUTHORLY
Au"thor*ly, a.

Defn: Authorial. [R.] Cowper.

AUTHORSHIP
Au"thor*ship, n.

1. The quality or state of being an author; function or dignity of an author.

2. Source; origin; origination; as, the authorship of a book or review, or of an act, or state of affairs.

AUTHOTYPE
Au"tho*type, n.

Defn: A type or block containing a facsimile of an autograph. Knight.

AUTO-
Au"to- (. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form, with the meaning of self, one's self, one's own, itself, its own.

AUTOBIOGRAPHER
Au`to*bi*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [Auto- + biographer.]

Defn: One who writers his own life or biography.

AUTOBIOGRAPHIC; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL
Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic, Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, autobiography; as, an
autobiographical sketch. "Such traits of the autobiographic sort."
Carlyle.
 — Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

AUTOBIOGRAPHIST
Au`to*bi*og"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One who writes his own life; an autobiographer. [R.]

AUTOBIOGRAPHY Au`to*bi*og"ra*phy, n.; pl. Autobiographies (. Etym: [Auto- + biography.]

Defn: A biography written by the subject of it; memoirs of one's life written by one's self.

AUTOCARPOUS; AUTOCARPIAN
Au`to*car"pous, Au`to*car"pi*an, a. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of the pericarp of the ripened pericarp with no other parts adnate to it, as a peach, a poppy capsule, or a grape.

AUTOCATALYSIS
Au`to*ca*tal"y*sis, n. [Auto-+ catalysis.] (Chem.)

Defn: Self-catalysis; catalysis of a substance by one of its own products, as of silver oxide by the silver formed by reduction of a small portion of it. — Au`to*cat`a*lyt"ic (#), a.

AUTOCEPHALOUS
Au`to*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Having its own head; independent of episcopal or patriarchal jurisdiction, as certain Greek churches.

AUTOCHRONOGRAPH
Au`to*chron"o*graph, n. Etym: [Auto- + chronograph.]

Defn: An instrument for the instantaneous self-recording or printing of time. Knight.

AUTOCHTHON
Au*toch"thon, n.; pl. E. Authochthons (, L. Autochthones (. Etym:
[L., fr. Gr.

1. One who is supposed to rise or spring from the ground or the soil he inhabits; one of the original inhabitants or aborigines; a native; — commonly in the plural. This title was assumed by the ancient Greeks, particularly the Athenians.

2. That which is original to a particular country, or which had there its origin.

AUTOCHTHONAL; AUTHOCHTHONIC; AUTOCHTHONOUS
Au*toch"tho*nal, Au`thoch*thon"ic, Au*toch"tho*nous, a.

Defn: Aboriginal; indigenous; native.

AUTOCHTHONISM
Au*toch"tho*nism, n.

Defn: The state of being autochthonal.

AUTOCHTHONY
Au*toch"tho*ny, n.

Defn: An aboriginal or autochthonous condition.

AUTOCLASTIC
Au`to*clas"tic, a. [See Auto-; Clastic.] (Geol.)

Defn: Broken in place; — said of rocks having a broken or brecciated structure due to crushing, in contrast to those of brecciated materials brought from a distance.

AUTOCLAVE
Au"to*clave, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr. clavis key.]

Defn: A kind of French stewpan with a steamtight lid. Knight.

AUTOCOHERER
Au`to*co*her"er, n. [Auto- + coherer.] (Wireless Teleg.)

Defn: A self-restoring coherer, as a microphonic detector.

AUTOCRACY
Au*toc"ra*cy, n.; pl. Autocracies. Etym: [Gr. autocratie. See
Autocrat.]

1. Independent or self-derived power; absolute or controlling authority; supremacy. The divine will moves, not by the external impulse or inclination of objects, but determines itself by an absolute autocracy. South.

2. Supreme, uncontrolled, unlimited authority, or right of governing in a single person, as of an autocrat.

3. Political independence or absolute sovereignty (of a state); autonomy. Barlow.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The action of the vital principle, or of the instinctive powers, toward the preservation of the individual; also, the vital principle. [In this sense, written also autocrasy.] Dunglison.

AUTOCRAT
Au"to*crat, n. Etym: [Gr. autocrate. See Hard, a.]

1. An absolute sovereign; a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of government by claim of absolute right, not subject to restriction; as, Autocrat of all the Russias (a title of the Czar).

2. One who rules with undisputed sway in any company or relation; a despot. The autocrat of the breakfast table. Holmes.

AUTOCRATIC; AUTOCRATICAL
Au`to*crat"ic, Au`to*crat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government. — Au`to*crat"ic*al*ly, adv.

AUTOCRATOR
Au*toc"ra*tor, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An autocrat. [Archaic]

AUTOCRATORICAL
Au`to*cra*tor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an autocrator; absolute. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

AUTOCRATRIX
Au*toc"ra*trix, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A female sovereign who is independent and absolute; — a title given to the empresses of Russia.

AUTOCRATSHIP
Au"to*crat*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of an autocrat.

AUTO-DA-FE Au"to-da-fé", n.; pl. Autos-da-fé (. Etym: [Pg., act of the faith; auto act, fr. L. actus + da of the + fé faith, fr. L. fides.]

1. A judgment of the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal condemning or acquitting persons accused of religious offenses.

2. An execution of such sentence, by the civil power, esp. the burning of a heretic. It was usually held on Sunday, and was made a great public solemnity by impressive forms and ceremonies.

3. A session of the court of Inquisition.

AUTO-DE-FE
Au"to-de-fe", n.; pl. Autos-de-fe. Etym: [Sp., act of faith.]

Defn: Same as Auto-da-fé.

AUTODIDACT
Au"to*di*dact`, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who is self-taught; an automath.

AUTODYNAMIC
Au`to*dy*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Auto- + dynamic.]

Defn: Supplying its own power; — applied to an instrument of the nature of a water-ram.

AUTOECIOUS
Au*to"cious, a. [Auto-+ Gr. house.] (Biol.)

Defn: Passing through all its stages on one host, as certain parasitic fungi; — contrasted with heterocious.

AUTOECISM
Au*to"cism, n.

Defn: Quality of being autocious.

AUTOFECUNDATION
Au`to*fec`un*da"tion, n. Etym: [Auto- + fecundation.] (Biol.)

Defn: Self-impregnation. Darwin.

AUTOGAMOUS
Au*tog"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Characterized by autogamy; self-fertilized.

AUTOGAMY
Au*tog"a*my, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted upon.

AUTOGENEAL
Au`to*ge"ne*al, a.

Defn: Self-produced; autogenous.

AUTOGENESIS
Au`to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Auto- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Spontaneous generation.

AUTOGENETIC
Au`to*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to autogenesis; self-generated.

AUTOGENETIC DRAINAGE
Autogenetic drainage. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A system of natural drainage developed by the constituent streams through headwater erosion.

AUTOGENETIC TOPOGRAPHY
Autogenetic topography. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A system of land forms produced by the free action of rain and streams on rocks of uniform texture.

AUTOGENOUS
Au*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Self-generated; produced independently.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Developed from an independent center of ossification. Owen. Autogenous soldering, the junction by fusion of the joining edges of metals without the intervention of solder.

AUTOGENOUSLY
Au*tog"e*nous*ly, adv.

Defn: In an autogenous manner; spontaneously.

AUTOGRAPH
Au"to*graph, n. Etym: [F. autographe, fr. Gr.

Defn: That which is written with one's own hand; an original manuscript; a person's own signature or handwriting.

AUTOGRAPH
Au"to*graph, a.

Defn: In one's own handwriting; as, an autograph letter; an autograph will.

AUTOGRAPHAL
Au*tog"ra*phal, a.

Defn: Autographic. [Obs.]

AUTOGRAPHIC; AUTOGRAPHICAL
Au`to*graph"ic, Au`to*graph"ic*al, a.

1. Pertaining to an autograph, or one's own handwriting; of the nature of an autograph.

2. Pertaining to, or used in, the process of autography; as, autographic ink, paper, or press.

AUTOGRAPHY
Au*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. autographie.]

1. The science of autographs; a person's own handwriting; an autograph.

2. A process in lithography by which a writing or drawing is transferred from paper to stone. Ure.

AUTOHARP
Au"to*harp, n. [Auto- + harp.]

Defn: A zitherlike musical instrument, provided with dampers which, when depressed, deaden some strings, leaving free others that form a chord.

AUTOHYPNOTIC
Au`to*hyp*not"ic, a.

Defn: Pert. to autohypnotism; self-hypnotizing. — n.

Defn: An autohypnotic person.

AUTOHYPNOTISM
Au`to*hyp"no*tism, n. [Auto-+ hypnotism.]

Defn: Hypnotism of one's self by concentration of the attention on some object or idea.

AUTO-INFECTION
Au`to-in*fec"tion, n. [Auto- + infection.] (Med.)

Defn: Poisoning caused by a virus that originates and develops in the organism itself.

AUTO-INOCULATION
Au`to-in*oc`u*la"tion, n. [Auto-+ inoculation.] (Med.)

Defn: Inoculation of a person with virus from his own body.

AUTO-INTOXICATION
Au`to-in*tox`i*ca"tion, n. [Auto-+ intoxication.] (Med.)

Defn: Poisoning, or the state of being poisoned, from toxic substances produced within the body; autotoxæmia.

AUTOKINESIS
Au`to*ki*ne"sis, n. [NL.; auto-+ Gr. motion.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Spontaneous or voluntary movement; movement due to an internal cause.

AUTOKINETIC
Au`to*ki*net"ic, a. [Auto- + kinetic.]

Defn: Self-moving; moving automatically.

AUTOKINETIC SYSTEM
Autokinetic system.

Defn: In fire-alarm telegraphy, a system so arranged that when one alarm is being transmitted, no other alarm, sent in from another point, will be transmitted until after the first alarm has been disposed of.

AUTOLATRY
Au*tol"a*try, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr.

Defn: Self-worship. Farrar.

AUTOMATH
Au"to*math, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who is self-taught. [R.] Young.

AUTOMATIC; AUTOMATICAL
Au`to*mat"ic, Au`to*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. automatique. See
Automaton.]

1. Having an inherent power of action or motion. Nothing can be said to be automatic. Sir H. Davy.

2. Pertaining to, or produced by, an automaton; of the nature of an automaton; self-acting or self-regulating under fixed conditions; — esp. applied to machinery or devices in which certain things formerly or usually done by hand are done by the machine or device itself; as, the automatic feed of a lathe; automatic gas lighting; an automatic engine or switch; an automatic mouse.

3. Not voluntary; not depending on the will; mechanical; as, automatic movements or functions. Unconscious or automatic reasoning. H. Spenser. Automatic arts, such economic arts or manufacture as are carried on by self-acting machinery. Ure.

AUTOMATICALLY
Au`to*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an automatic manner.

AUTOMATISM
Au*tom"a*tism, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being automatic; the power of self- moving; automatic, mechanical, or involuntary action. (Metaph.) A theory as to the activity of matter.

AUTOMATON
Au*tom"a*ton, n.; pl. L. Automata (, E. Automatons (. Etym: [L. fr.
Gr. ma, man, to strive, think, cf. Mean, v. i.]

1. Any thing or being regarded as having the power of spontaneous motion or action. Huxley. So great and admirable an automaton as the world. Boyle. These living automata, human bodies. Boyle.

2. A self-moving machine, or one which has its motive power within itself; — applied chiefly to machines which appear to imitate spontaneously the motions of living beings, such as men, birds, etc.

AUTOMATOUS
Au*tom"a*tous, a. Etym: [L. automatus, Gr. Automaton.]

Defn: Automatic. [Obs.] "Automatous organs." Sir T. Browne.

AUTOMIXTE SYSTEM
Au`to*mixte" system. (Mach.)

Defn: A system (devised by Henri Pieper, a Belgian) of driving automobiles employing a gasoline engine and an auxiliary reversible dynamo. When there is an excess of power the dynamo is driven by the engine so as to charge a small storage battery; when there is a deficiency of power the dynamo reverses and acts as an auxiliary motor. Sometimes called Pieper system. — Automixte car, etc.

AUTOMOBILE
Au`to*mo"bile, n. [F.]

Defn: An automobile vehicle or mechanism; esp., a self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on a street or roadway. Automobiles are usually propelled by internal combustion engines (using volatile inflammable liquids, as gasoline or petrol, alcohol, naphtha, etc.), steam engines, or electric motors. The power of the driving motor varies from about 4 to 50 H. P. for ordinary vehicles, ranging from the run-about to the touring car, up to as high as 200 H. P. for specially built racing cars. Automobiles are also commonly, and generally in British usage, called motor cars.

AUTOMOBILISM
Au`to*mo"bil*ism, n.

Defn: The use of automobiles, or the practices, methods, or the like, of those who use them. — Au`to*mo"bil*ist, n.

AUTOMORPHIC
Au`to*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Auto- + Gr.

Defn: Patterned after one's self. The conception which any one frames of another's mind is more or less after the pattern of his own mind, — is automorphic. H. Spenser.

AUTOMORPHISM
Au`to*mor"phism, n.

Defn: Automorphic characterization. H. Spenser.

AUTONOMASY
Au`to*nom"a*sy, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. antonomasia.] (Rhet.)

Defn: The use of a word of common or general signification for the name of a particular thing; as, "He has gone to town," for, "He has gone to London."

AUTONOMIC
Au`to*nom"ic, a.

Defn: Having the power of self-government; autonomous. Hickok.

AUTONOMIST
Au"to"no*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. automiste. See Autonomy.]

Defn: One who advocates autonomy.

AUTONOMOUS
Au*ton"o*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Independent in government; having the right or power of self- government.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Having independent existence or laws.

AUTONOMY
Au*ton"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. autonomie. See Autonomous.]

1. The power or right of self-government; self-government, or political independence, of a city or a state.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The sovereignty of reason in the sphere of morals; or man's power, as possessed of reason, to give law to himself. In this, according to Kant, consist the true nature and only possible proof of liberty. Fleming.

AUTOPATHIC
Au`to*path"ic, a. [See Auto-, and Pathic, a.] (Med.)

Defn: Dependent upon, or due or relating to, the structure and characteristics of the diseased organism; endopathic; as, an autopathic disease; an autopathic theory of diseases.

AUTOPHAGI
Au*toph"a*gi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Birds which are able to run about and obtain their own food as soon as hatched.

AUTOPHAGY
Au*toph"a*gy, n. [Gr. self + to eat.] (Med.)

Defn: The feeding of the body upon itself, as in fasting; nutrition by consumption of one's own tissues.

AUTOPHOBY
Au*toph"o*by, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr.

Defn: Fear of one's self; fear of being egotistical. [R.] Hare.

AUTOPHONY
Au*toph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An auscultatory process, which consists in noting the tone of the observer's own voice, while he speaks, holding his head close to the patient's chest. Dunglison.

AUTOPLASTIC
Au`to*plas"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to autoplasty.

AUTOPLASTY
Au"to*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Auto- + -plasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: The process of artificially repairing lesions by taking a piece of healthy tissue, as from a neighboring part, to supply the deficiency caused by disease or wounds.

AUTOPNEUMATIC
Au`to*pneu*mat"ic, a. [Auto-+ pneumatic.]

Defn: Acting or moving automatically by means of compressed air.

AUTOPSIC; AUTOPSICAL
Au*top"sic, Au*top"sic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to autopsy; autoptical. [Obs.]

AUTOPSORIN
Au*top"so*rin, n. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: That which is given under the doctrine of administering a patient's own virus.

AUTOPSY
Au"top*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. autopsie. See Optic, a.]

1. Personal observation or examination; seeing with one's own eyes; ocular view. By autopsy and experiment. Cudworth.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Dissection of a dead body, for the purpose of ascertaining the cause, seat, or nature of a disease; a post-mortem examination.

AUTOPTIC; AUTOPTICAL
Au*top"tic, Au*top"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. autoptique.]

Defn: Seen with one's own eyes; belonging to, or connected with, personal observation; as, autoptic testimony or experience.

AUTOPTICALLY
Au*top"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of ocular view, or one's own observation. Sir T.
Browne.

AUTOSCHEDIASTIC; AUTOSCHEDIASTICAL
Au`to*sche`di*as"tic, Au`to*sche`di*as"tic*al, a. Etym: [Auto- + Gr.
Schediasm.]

Defn: Extemporary; offhand. [R.] Dean Martin.

AUTOSTABILITY
Au`to*sta*bil"i*ty, n. [Auto-+ stability.] (Mechanics)

Defn: Automatic stability; also, inherent stability. An aëroplane is inherently stable if it keeps in steady poise by virtue of its shape and proportions alone; it is automatically stable if it keeps in steady poise by means of self-operative mechanism.

AUTOSTYLIC
Au`to*styl"ic, a. Etym: [Auto- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the mandibular arch articulated directly to the cranium, as in the skulls of the Amphibia.

AUTOSUGGESTION
Au`to*sug*ges"tion, n. [Auto-+ suggestion.] (Med.)

Defn: Self-suggestion as distinguished from suggestion coming from another, esp. in hypnotism. Autosuggestion is characteristic of certain mental conditions in which expectant belief tends to produce disturbance of function of one or more organs.

AUTOTHEISM
Au"to*the`ism, n. Etym: [Auto- + theism.]

1. The doctrine of God's self-existence. [R.]

2. Deification of one's self; self-worship. [R.]

AUTOTHEIST
Au"to*the`ist, n.

Defn: One given to self-worship. [R.]

AUTOTOXAEMIA; AUTOTOXEMIA
Au`to*tox*æ"mi*a, Au`to*tox*e"mi*a, n. [NL. See Auto-, and Toxæmia.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Self-intoxication. See Auto-intoxication.

AUTOTOXIC
Au`to*tox"ic, a. [Auto- + toxic.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or causing, autotoxæmia.

AUTOTOXICATION
Au`to*tox`i*ca"tion, n. [Auto-+ toxication.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Auto-intoxication.

AUTOTRANSFORMER
Au`to*trans*form"er, n. [Auto-+ transformer.] (Elec.)

Defn: A transformer in which part of the primary winding is used as a secondary winding, or vice versa; — called also a compensator or balancing coil.

AUTOTROPHIC
Au`to*troph"ic, a. [Auto- + trophic.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: Capable of self-nourishment; — said of all plants in which photosynthetic activity takes place, as opposed to parasitism or saprophytism.

AUTOTROPISM
Au*tot"ro*pism, n. [Auto- + Gr. to turn.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: The tendency of plant organs to grow in a straight line when uninfluenced by external stimuli.

AUTOTYPE
Au"to*type, n. Etym: [Auto- + -type: cf. F. autotype.]

1. A facsimile.

2. A photographic picture produced in sensitized pigmented gelatin by exposure to light under a negative; and subsequent washing out of the soluble parts; a kind of picture in ink from a gelatin plate.

AUTOTYPOGRAPHY
Au`to*ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Auto- + typography.]

Defn: A process resembling "nature printing," by which drawings executed on gelatin are impressed into a soft metal plate, from which the printing is done as from copperplate.

AUTOTYPY
Au*tot"y*py, n.

Defn: The art or process of making autotypes.

AUTUMN Au"tumn, n. Etym: [L. auctumnus, autumnus, perh. fr. a root av to satisfy one's self: cf. F. automne. See Avarice.]

1. The third season of the year, or the season between summer and winter, often called "the fall." Astronomically, it begins in the northern temperate zone at the autumnal equinox, about September 23, and ends at the winter solstice, about December 23; but in popular language, autumn, in America, comprises September, October, and November.

Note: In England, according to Johnson, autumn popularly comprises August, September, and October. In the southern hemisphere, the autumn corresponds to our spring.

2. The harvest or fruits of autumn. Milton.

3. The time of maturity or decline; latter portion; third stage.
Dr. Preston was now entering into the autumn of the duke's favor.
Fuller.
Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge. Wordsworth.

AUTUMNAL
Au*tum"nal, a. Etym: [L. auctumnalis, autumnalis: cf. F. automnal.]

1. Of, belonging to, or peculiar to, autumn; as, an autumnal tint; produced or gathered in autumn; as, autumnal fruits; flowering in autumn; as, an autumnal plant. Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In Vallombrosa. Milton.

2. Past the middle of life; in the third stage. An autumnal matron. Hawthorne. Autumnal equinox, the time when the sun crosses the equator, as it proceeds southward, or when it passes the ~ point. — ~= point, the point of the equator intersected by the ecliptic, as the sun proceeds southward; the first point of Libra. — ~= signs, the signs Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius, through which the sun passes between the ~ equinox and winter solstice.

AUTUNITE
Au"tun*ite, n. [From Autun, France, its locality.] (Min.)

Defn: A lemon-yellow phosphate of uranium and calcium occurring in tabular crystals with basal cleavage, and in micalike scales. H., 2- 2.5. Sp. gr., 3.05-3.19.

AUXANOMETER
Aux`a*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument to measure the growth of plants. Goodale.

AUXESIS
Aux*e"sis, n. Etym: [NL., Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a grave and magnificent word is put for the proper word; amplification; hyperbole.

AUXETIC
Aux*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, auxesis; amplifying.

AUXETOPHONE
Aux*e"to*phone, n. [Gr. that may be increased + sound, voice.]

Defn: A pneumatic reproducer for a phonograph, controlled by the recording stylus on the principle of the relay. It produces much clearer and louder tones than does the ordinary vibrating disk reproducer.

AUXILIAR
Aux*il"iar, a. Etym: [L. auxiliaris: cf. F. auxiliaire. See
Auxiliary.]

Defn: Auxiliary. [Archaic]
The auxiliar troops and Trojan hosts appear. Pope.

AUXILIAR
Aux*il"iar, n.

Defn: An auxiliary. [Archaic] Milton.

AUXILIARLY
Aux*il"iar*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of help. Harris.

AUXILIARY Aux*il"ia*ry, a. Etym: [L. auxiliarius, fr. auxilium help, aid, fr. augere to increase.]

Defn: Conferring aid or help; helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; as auxiliary troops. Auxiliary scales (Mus.), the scales of relative or attendant keys. See under Attendant, a. — Auxiliary verbs (Gram.). See Auxiliary, n., 3.

AUXILIARY
Aux*il"ia*ry, n.; pl. Auxiliaries (.

1. A helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action or enterprise.

2. (Mil.) pl.

Defn: Foreign troops in the service of a nation at war; (rarely in sing.), a member of the allied or subsidiary force.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A verb which helps to form the voices, modes, and tenses of other verbs; — called, also, an auxiliary verb; as, have, be, may, can, do, must, shall, and will, in English; être and avoir, in French; avere and essere, in Italian; estar and haber, in Spanish.

4. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity introduced for the purpose of simplifying or facilitating some operation, as in equations or trigonometrical formulæ. Math. Dict.

AUXILIATORY
Aux*il"ia*to*ry, a.

Defn: Auxiliary; helping. [Obs.]

AUXOMETER
Aux*om"e*ter, n. [Gr. to increase + -meter.] (Optics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the magnifying power of a lens or system of lenses.

AVA
A"va, n.

Defn: Same as Kava. Johnston.

AVADAVAT
Av`a*da*vat", n.

Defn: Same as Amadavat.

AVAIL
A*vail", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Availed (p. pr. & vb. n. Availing.]
Etym: [OE. availen, fr. F. ad) + valoir to be worth, fr. L. valere to
be strong, to be worth. See Valiant.]

1. To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit; to benefit; to help; as, artifices will not avail the sinner in the day of judgment. O, what avails me now that honor high ! Milton.

2. To promote; to assist. [Obs.] Pope. To avail one's self of, to make use of; take advantage of. Then shall they seek to avail themselves of names. Milton. I have availed myself of the very first opportunity. Dickens.

AVAIL
A*vail", v. i.

Defn: To be of use or advantage; to answer the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as, the plea in bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the suit; this scheme will not avail; medicines will not avail to check the disease. "What signs avail " Milton. Words avail very little with me, young man. Sir W. Scott.

AVAIL
A*vail", n.

1. Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; as, labor, without economy, is of little avail. The avail of a deathbed repentance. Jer. Taylor.

2. pl.

Defn: Proceeds; as, the avails of a sale by auction.
The avails of their own industry. Stoddard.

Syn.
 — Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.

AVAIL
A*vail", v. t. & i.

Defn: See Avale, v. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVAILABILITY
A*vail`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Availabilities (.

1. The quality of being available; availableness.

Note: The word is sometimes used derogatively in the sense of "mere
availableness," or capability of success without regard to
worthiness.
He was . . . nominated for his availability. Lowell.

2. That which is available.

AVAILABLE
A*vail"a*ble, a.

1. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object; effectual; valid; as, an available plea. [Obs.] Laws human are available by consent. Hooker.

2. Such as one may avail one's self of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose; usable; profitable; advantageous; convertible into a resource; as, an available measure; an available candidate. Struggling to redeem, as he did, the available months and days out of so many that were unavailable. Carlyle. Having no available funds with which to pay the calls on new shares. H. Spenser.

AVAILABLENESS
A*vail"a*ble*ness, n.

1. Competent power; validity; efficacy; as, the availableness of a title. [Obs.]

2. Quality of being available; capability of being used for the purpose intended. Sir M. Hale.

AVAILABLY
A*vail"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an available manner; profitably; advantageously; efficaciously.

AVAILMENT
A*vail"ment, n.

Defn: Profit; advantage. [Obs.]

AVALANCHE
Av"a*lanche`, n. Etym: [F. avalanche, fr. avaler to descend, to let
down, from aval down, downward; ad) + val, L. vallis, valley. See
Valley.]

1. A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.

2. A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of snow or ice.

3. A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx of anything.

AVALE
A*vale", v. t. & i. Etym: [F. avaler to descend, to let down. See
Avalanche.]

1. To cause to descend; to lower; to let fall; to doff. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To bring low; to abase. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

3. (v. i.)

Defn: To descend; to fall; to dismount. [Obs.]
And from their sweaty courses did avale. Spenser.

AVANT
A*vant", n. Etym: [For avant-guard. Cf. Avaunt, Van.]

Defn: The front of an army. [Obs.] See Van.

AVANT-COURIER
A*vant"-cou`ri*er, n. Etym: [F., fr. avant before + courrier. See
Avaunt, and Courier.]

Defn: A person dispatched before another person or company, to give notice of his or their approach.

AVANT-GUARD
A*vant"-guard` (; sq. root277), n. Etym: [F. avant before + E. guard,
F. avant-garde. See Avaunt.]

Defn: The van or advanced body of an army. See Vanguard.

AVARICE Av"a*rice, n. Etym: [F. avaritia, fr. avarus avaricious, prob. fr. av to covert, fr. a root av to satiate one's self: cf. Gr. av to satiate one's self, rejoice, protect.]

1. An excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greediness after wealth; covetousness; cupidity. To desire money for its own sake, and in order to hoard it up, is avarice. Beattie.

2. An inordinate desire for some supposed good. All are taught an avarice of praise. Goldsmith.

AVARICIOUS
Av`a*ri"cious, a. Etym: [Cf. F. avaricieux.]

Defn: Actuated by avarice; greedy of gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.

Syn. — Greedy; stingy; rapacious; griping; sordid; close. — Avaricious, Covetous, Parsimonious, Penurious, Miserly, Niggardly. The avaricious eagerly grasp after it at the expense of others, though not of necessity with a design to save, since a man may be covetous and yet a spendthrift. The penurious, parsimonious, and miserly save money by disgraceful self-denial, and the niggardly by meanness in their dealing with others. We speak of persons as covetous in getting, avaricious in retaining, parsimonious in expending, penurious or miserly in modes of living, niggardly in dispensing. — Av`a*ri"cious*ly, adv — Av`a*ri"cious*ness, n.

AVAROUS
Av"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. avarus.]

Defn: Avaricious. [Obs.]

AVAST
A*vast", interj. Etym: [Corrupted from D. houd vast hold fast. See
Hold, v. t., and Fast, a.] (Naut.)

Defn: Cease; stop; stay. "Avast heaving." Totten.

AVATAR Av`a*tar", n. Etym: [Skr. avatâra descent; ava from + root t to cross, pass over.]

1. (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The descent of a deity to earth, and his incarnation as a man or an animal; — chiefly associated with the incarnations of Vishnu.

2. Incarnation; manifestation as an object of worship or admiration.

AVAUNCE
A*vaunce", v. t. & i. Etym: [See Advance.]

Defn: To advance; to profit. Chaucer.

AVAUNT
A*vaunt", interj. Etym: [F. avant forward, fr. L. ab + ante before.
Cf. Avant, Advance.]

Defn: Begone; depart; — a word of contempt or abhorrence, equivalent to the phrase "Get thee gone."

AVAUNT
A*vaunt", v. t. & i.

1. To advance; to move forward; to elevate. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To depart; to move away. [Obs.] Coverdale.

AVAUNT
A*vaunt", v. t. & i. Etym: [OF. avanter; (L. ad) + vanter. See
Vaunt.]

Defn: To vaunt; to boast. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVAUNT
A*vaunt", n.

Defn: A vaunt; to boast. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVAUNTOUR
A*vaunt"our, n. Etym: [OF. avanteur.]

Defn: A boaster. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVE
A"ve, n. Etym: [L., hail.]

1. An ave Maria. He repeated Aves and Credos. Macaulay.

2. A reverential salutation. Their loud applause and aves vehement. Shak.

AVEL
A*vel, v. t. Etym: [L. avellere.]

Defn: To pull away. [Obs.]
Yet are not these parts avelled. Sir T. Browne.

AVELLANE
A*vel"lane, a. Etym: [Cf. It. avellana a filbert, fr. L. Avella or
Abella a city of Campania.] (Her.)

Defn: In the form of four unhusked filberts; as, an avellane cross.

AVE MARIA; AVE MARY
A"ve Ma*ri"a, A"ve Ma"ry.Etym: [From the first words of the Roman
Catholic prayer to the Virgin Mary; L. ave hail, Maria Mary.]

1. A salutation and prayer to the Virgin Mary, as mother of God; — used in the Roman Catholic church. To number Ave Maries on his beads. Shak.

2. A particular time (as in Italy, at the ringing of the bells about half an hour after sunset, and also at early dawn), when the people repeat the Ave Maria. Ave Maria ! blessed be the hour ! Byron.

AVENA
A*ve"na, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses, including the common oat (Avena sativa); the oat grasses.

AVENACEOUS
Av`e*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. avenaceus, fr. avena oats.]

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, oats or the oat grasses.

AVENAGE
Av"e*nage, n. Etym: [F. avenage, fr. L. avena oats.] (Old Law)

Defn: A quantity of oats paid by a tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent. Jacob.

AVENALIN
A*ven"a*lin, n. [L. avena eats.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline globulin, contained in oat kernels, very similar in composition to excelsin, but different in reactions and crystalline form.

AVENER Av"e*ner, n. Etym: [OF. avenier, fr. aveine, avaine, avoine, oats, F. avoine, L. avena.] (Feud. Law)

Defn: An officer of the king's stables whose duty it was to provide oats for the horses. [Obs.]

AVENGE
A*venge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avenged (p. pr. & vb. n. Avenging (
Etym: [OF. avengier; L. ad + vindicare to lay claim to, to avenge,
revenge. See Vengeance.]

1. To take vengeance for; to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer. He will avenge the blood of his servants. Deut. xxxii. 43. Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold. Milton. He had avenged himself on them by havoc such as England had never before seen. Macaulay.

2. To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on. [Obs.] Thy judgment in avenging thine enemies. Bp. Hall.

Syn. — To Avenge, Revenge. To avenge is to inflict punishment upon evil doers in behalf of ourselves, or others for whom we act; as, to avenge one's wrongs; to avenge the injuries of the suffering and innocent. It is to inflict pain for the sake of vindication, or retributive justice. To revenge is to inflict pain or injury for the indulgence of resentful and malicious feelings. The former may at times be a duty; the latter is one of the worst exhibitions of human character. I avenge myself upon another, or I avenge another, or I avenge a wrong. I revenge only myself, and that upon another. C. J. Smith.

AVENGE
A*venge", v. i.

Defn: To take vengeance. Levit. xix. 18.

AVENGE
A*venge", n.

Defn: Vengeance; revenge. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVENGEANCE
A*venge"ance, n.

Defn: Vengeance. [Obs.]

AVENGEFUL
A*venge"ful, a.

Defn: Vengeful. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVENGEMENT
A*venge"ment, n.

Defn: The inflicting of retributive punishment; satisfaction taken.
[R.] Milton.

AVENGER
A*ven"ger, n.

1. One who avenges or vindicates; as, an avenger of blood.

2. One who takes vengeance. [Obs.] Milton.

AVENGERESS
A*ven"ger*ess, n.

Defn: A female avenger. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVENIOUS
A*ve"ni*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + L. vena a vein.] (Bot.)

Defn: Being without veins or nerves, as the leaves of certain plants.

AVENOR
Av"e*nor, n.

Defn: See Avener. [Obs.]

AVENS
Av"ens, n. Etym: [OF. avence.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Geum, esp. Geum urbanum, or herb bennet.

AVENTAIL
Av"en*tail, n. Etym: [OF. esventail. Cf. Ventail.]

Defn: The movable front to a helmet; the ventail.

AVENTINE
Av"en*tine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Mons Aventinus, one of the seven hills on which
Rome stood. Bryant.

AVENTINE
Av"en*tine, n.

Defn: A post of security or defense. [Poetic]
Into the castle's tower, The only Aventine that now is left him.
Beau. & Fl.

AVENTRE
A*ven"tre, v. t.

Defn: To thrust forward (at a venture), as a spear. [Obs.] Spenser.

AVENTURE
A*ven"ture, n. Etym: [See Adventure, n.]

1. Accident; chance; adventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Old Law)

Defn: A mischance causing a person's death without felony, as by drowning, or falling into the fire.

AVENTURINE
A*ven"tu*rine, n. Etym: [F. aventurine: cf. It. avventurino.]

1. A kind of glass, containing gold-colored spangles. It was produced in the first place by the accidental (par aventure) dropping of some brass filings into a pot of melted glass.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica. ~= feldspar, a variety of oligoclase with internal firelike reflections due to the presence of minute crystals, probably of hematite; sunstone.

AVENUE
Av"e*nue, n. Etym: [F. avenue, fr. avenir to come to, L. advenire.
See Advene.]

1. A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit. "The avenues leading to the city by land." Macaulay. On every side were expanding new avenues of inquiry. Milman.

2. The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered. An avenue of tall elms and branching chestnuts. W. Black.

3. A broad street; as, the Fifth Avenue in New York.

AVER A"ver, n. Etym: [OF. aver domestic animal, whence LL. averia, pl. cattle. See Habit, and cf. Average.]

Defn: A work horse, or working ox. [Obs. or Dial. Eng.]

AVER
A*ver", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averred (p. pr. & vb. n. Averring.] Etym:
[F. avérer, LL. adverare, averare; L. ad + versus true. See Verity.]

1. To assert, or prove, the truth of. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: To avouch or verify; to offer to verify; to prove or justify.
See Averment.

3. To affirm with confidence; to declare in a positive manner, as in confidence of asserting the truth. It is sufficient that the very fact hath its foundation in truth, as I do seriously aver is the case. Fielding. Then all averred I had killed the bird. Coleridge.

Syn.
 — To assert; affirm; asseverate. See Affirm.

AVERAGE Av"er*age, n. Etym: [OF. average, LL. averagium, prob. fr. OF. aver, F. avoir, property, horses, cattle, etc.; prop. infin., to have, from L. habere to have. Cf. F. avérage small cattle, and avarie (perh. of different origin) damage to ship or cargo, port dues. The first meaning was peAver, n., Avercorn, Averpenny.]

1. (OLd Eng. Law)

Defn: That service which a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the carriage of wheat, turf, etc.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. avarie damage to ship or cargo.] (Com.) (a) A tariff or duty on goods, etc. [Obs.] (b) Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of goods shipped. (c) A contribution to a loss or charge which has been imposed upon one of several for the general benefit; damage done by sea perils. (d) The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or expense among all interested. General average, a contribution made, by all parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in interest for the benefit of all. It is called general average, because it falls upon the gross amount of ship, cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the sacrifice. Kent. — Particular average signifies the damage or partial loss happening to the ship, or cargo, or freight, in consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of the articles damaged, or by their insurers. — Petty averages are sundry small charges, which occur regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage, and the like, which formerly were, and in some cases still are, borne partly by the ship and partly by the cargo. In the clause commonly found in bills of lading, "primage and average accustomed," average means a kind of composition established by usage for such charges, which were formerly assessed by way of average. Arnould. Abbott. Phillips.

3. A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean. Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and the average 10.

4. Any medial estimate or general statement derived from a comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual size, quantity, quality, rate, etc. "The average of sensations." Paley.

5. pl.

Defn: In the English corn trade, the medial price of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn markets. On an average, taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities.

AVERAGE
Av"er*age, a.

1. Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a mean proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary; usual; as, an average rate of profit; an average amount of rain; the average Englishman; beings of the average stamp.

2. According to the laws of averages; as, the loss must be made good by average contribution.

AVERAGE
Av"er*age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averaged (p. pr. & vb. n. Averaging.]

1. To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a mean.

2. To divide among a number, according to a given proportion; as, to average a loss.

3. To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an average.

AVERAGE
Av"er*age, v. i.

Defn: To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an ~; as, the losses of the owners will average twenty five dollars each; these spars average ten feet in length.

AVERCORN
A"ver*corn`, n. Etym: [Aver,n.+ corn.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A reserved rent in corn, formerly paid to religious houses by their tenants or farmers. Kennet.

AVERMENT A*ver"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. averement, LL. averamentum. See Aver, v. t.]

1. The act of averring, or that which is averred; affirmation; positive assertion. Signally has this averment received illustration in the course of recent events. I. Taylor.

2. Verification; establishment by evidence. Bacon.

3. (Law)

Defn: A positive statement of facts; an allegation; an offer to justify or prove what is alleged.

Note: In any stage of pleadings, when either party advances new matter, he avers it to be true, by using this form of words: "and this he is ready to verify." This was formerly called an averment. It modern pleading, it is termed a verification. Blackstone.

AVERNAL; AVERNIAN
A*ver"nal, A*ver"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Campania, in Italy, famous for its poisonous vapors, which ancient writers fancied were so malignant as to kill birds flying over it. It was represented by the poets to be connected with the infernal regions.

AVERPENNY
Av"er*pen`ny, n. Etym: [Aver,n.+ penny.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: Money paid by a tenant in lieu of the service of average.

AVERROISM
A*ver"ro*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets of the Averroists.

AVERROIST
A*ver"ro*ist, n.

Defn: One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers, who appeared in
Italy before the restoration of learning; so denominated from
Averroes, or Averrhoes, a celebrated Arabian philosopher. He held the
doctrine of monopsychism.

AVERRUNCATE Av`er*run"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. averruncare to avert; a, ab, off + verruncare to turn; formerly derived from ab and eruncare to root out. Cf. Aberuncate.]

1. To avert; to ward off. [Obs.] Hudibras.

2. To root up. [Obs.] Johnson.

AVERRUNCATION
Av`er*run*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. averroncation.]

1. The act of averting. [Obs.]

2. Eradication. [R.] De Quincey.

AVERRUNCATOR
Av`er*run*ca"tor, n. Etym: [Cf. Aberuncator.]

Defn: An instrument for pruning trees, consisting of two blades, or a blade and a hook, fixed on the end of a long rod.

AVERSATION Av`er*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. aversatio, fr. aversari to turn away, v. intens. of avertere. See Avert.]

Defn: A turning from with dislike; aversion. [Obs.or Archaic] Some men have a natural aversation to some vices or virtues, and a natural affection to others. Jer. Taylor.

AVERSE
A*verse", a. Etym: [L. aversus, p. p. of avertere. See Avert.]

1. Turned away or backward. [Obs.] The tracks averse a lying notice gave, And led the searcher backward from the cave. Dryden.

2. Having a repugnance or opposition of mind; disliking; disinclined;
unwilling; reluctant.
Averse alike to flatter, or offend. Pope.
Men who were averse to the life of camps. Macaulay.
Pass by securely as men averse from war. Micah ii. 8.

Note: The prevailing usage now is to employ to after averse and its derivatives rather than from, as was formerly the usage. In this the word is in agreement with its kindred terms, hatred, dislike, dissimilar, contrary, repugnant, etc., expressing a relation or an affection of the mind to an object.

Syn. — Averse, Reluctant, Adverse. Averse expresses an habitual, though not of necessity a very strong, dislike; as, averse to active pursuits; averse to study. Reluctant, a term of the of the will, implies an internal struggle as to making some sacrifice of interest or feeling; as, reluctant to yield; reluctant to make the necessary arrangements; a reluctant will or consent. Adverse denotes active opposition or hostility; as, adverse interests; adverse feelings, plans, or movements; the adverse party.

AVERSE
A*verse", v. t. & i.

Defn: To turn away. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

AVERSELY
A*verse"ly, adv.

1. Backward; in a backward direction; as, emitted aversely.

2. With repugnance or aversion; unwillingly.

AVERSENESS
A*verse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being averse; opposition of mind; unwillingness.

AVERSION
A*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. aversio: cf. F. aversion. See Avert.]

1. A turning away. [Obs.] Adhesion to vice and aversion from goodness. Bp. Atterbury.

2. Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike; antipathy; disinclination; reluctance. Mutual aversion of races. Prescott. His rapacity had made him an object of general aversion. Macaulay.

Note: It is now generally followed by to before the object. [See
Averse.] Sometimes towards and for are found; from is obsolete.
A freeholder is bred with an aversion to subjection. Addison.
His aversion towards the house of York. Bacon.
It is not difficult for a man to see that a person has conceived an
aversion for him. Spectator.
The Khasias . . . have an aversion to milk. J. D. Hooker.

3. The object of dislike or repugnance. Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire. Pope.

Syn.
 — Antipathy; dislike; repugnance; disgust. See Dislike.

AVERT
A*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Averted; p. pr. & vb. n. Averting.]
Etym: [L. avertere; a, ab + vertere to turn: cf. OF. avertir. See
Verse, n.]

Defn: To turn aside, or away; as, to avert the eyes from an object; to ward off, or prevent, the occurrence or effects of; as, how can the danger be averted "To avert his ire." Milton. When atheists and profane persons do hear of so many discordant and contrary opinions in religion, it doth avert them from the church. Bacon. Till ardent prayer averts the public woe. Prior.

AVERT
A*vert", v. i.

Defn: To turn away. [Archaic]
Cold and averting from our neighbor's good. Thomson.

AVERTED
A*vert"ed, a.

Defn: Turned away, esp. as an expression of feeling; also, offended;
unpropitious.
Who scornful pass it with averted eye. Keble.

AVERTER
A*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, averts.

AVERTIBLE
A*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being averted; preventable.

AVERTIMENT
A*ver"ti*ment, n.

Defn: Advertisement. [Obs.]

AVES
A"ves, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of avis bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class of Vertebrata that includes the birds.

Note: Aves, or birds, have a complete double circulation, oviparous, reproduction, front limbs peculiarly modified as wings; and they bear feathers. All existing birds have a horny beak, without teeth; but some Mesozoic fossil birds (Odontornithes) had conical teeth inserted in both jaws. The principal groups are: Carinatæ, including all existing flying birds; Ratitæ, including the ostrich and allies, the apteryx, and the extinct moas; Odontornithes, or fossil birds with teeth.

Note: The ordinary birds are classified largely by the structure of the beak and feet, which are in direct relating to their habits. See Beak, Bird, Odontonithes.

AVESTA
A*ves"ta, n.

Defn: The Zoroastrian scriptures. See Zend-Avesta.

AVESTAN
A*ves"tan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Avesta or the language of the Avesta. - -n.

Defn: The language of the Avesta; — less properly called Zend.

AVIADO
A`vi*a"do, n. [Sp.]

Defn: One who works a mine with means provided by another. [Sp. Amer. & Southwestern U. S.]

AVIAN
A"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or instrument to birds.

AVIARY A"vi*a*ry, n.; pl. Aviaries. Etym: [L. aviarium, fr. aviarius pertaining to birds, fr. avis bird, akin to Gr, vi.]

Defn: A house, inclosure, large cage, or other place, for keeping birds confined; a bird house. Lincolnshire may be termed the aviary of England. Fuller.

AVIATE
A"vi*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aviated; p. pr. & vb. n. Aviating.]

Defn: To fly, or navigate the air, in an aëroplane or heavier-than- air flying machine. [Colloq.]

AVIATION
A`vi*a"tion, n.

Defn: The art or science of flying.

AVIATOR A"vi*a`tor, n. (a) An experimenter in aviation. (b) A flying machine.

AVIATRESS; AVIATRIX
A"vi*a`tress, A`vi*a"trix, n.

Defn: A woman aviator.

AVICULA
A*vic"u*la, n. Etym: [L., small bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves, having a pearly interior, allied to the pearl oyster; — so called from a supposed resemblance of the typical species to a bird.

AVICULAR
A*vic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. avicula a small bird, dim. of avis bird.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bird or to birds.

AVICULARIA
A*vic`u*la"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Avicular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See prehensile processes on the cells of some Bryozoa, often having the shape of a bird's bill.

AVICULTURE
A"vi*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. avis bird + cultura culture.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Rearing and care of birds.

AVID
Av"id, a. Etym: [L. avidus, fr. av to long: cf. F. avide. See
Avarice.]

Defn: Longing eagerly for; eager; greedy. "Avid of gold, yet greedier of renown." Southey.

AVIDIOUS
A*vid"i*ous, a.

Defn: Avid.

AVIDIOUSLY
A*vid"i*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Eagerly; greedily.

AVIDITY
A*vid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. aviditas, fr. avidus: cf. F. avidité. See
Avid.]

Defn: Greediness; strong appetite; eagerness; intenseness of desire; as, to eat with avidity. His books were received and read with avidity. Milward.

AVIE
A*vie", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + vie.]

Defn: Emulously. [Obs.]

AVIETTE
A`vi*ette", n.

Defn: A heavier-than-air flying machine in which the motive power is furnished solely by the aviator.

AVIFAUNA
A`vi*fau"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. avis bird + E. fauna.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The birds, or all the kinds of birds, inhabiting a region.

AVIGATO
Av`i*ga"to, n.

Defn: See Avocado.

AVIGNON BERRY
A`vignon" ber"ry. (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of the Rhamnus infectorius, eand of other species of the same genus; — so called from the city of Avignon, in France. It is used by dyers and painters for coloring yellow. Called also French berry.

AVILE
A*vile", v. t. Etym: [OF. aviler, F. avilir; a (L. ad) + vil vile.
See Vile.]

Defn: To abase or debase; to vilify; to depreciate. [Obs.]
Want makes us know the price of what we avile. B. Jonson.

AVIS
A*vis", n. Etym: [F. avis. See Advice.]

Defn: Advice; opinion; deliberation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVISE
A*vise", v. t. Etym: [F. aviser. See Advise, v. t.]

1. To look at; to view; to think of. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] Shak. To avise one's self, to consider with one's self, to reflect, to deliberate. [Obs.] Chaucer. Now therefore, if thou wilt enriched be, Avise thee well, and change thy willful mood. Spenser.

AVISE
A*vise", v. i.

Defn: To consider; to reflect. [Obs.]

AVISEFUL
A*vise"ful, a.

Defn: Watchful; circumspect. [Obs.]
With sharp, aviseful eye. Spenser.

AVISELY
A*vise"ly, adv.

Defn: Advisedly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVISEMENT
A*vise"ment, n.

Defn: Advisement; observation; deliberation. [Obs.]

AVISION
A*vi"sion, n.

Defn: Vision. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVISO
A*vi"so, n. Etym: [Sp.]

1. Information; advice.

2. An advice boat, or dispatch boat.

AVOCADO Av`o*ca"do, n. Etym: [Corrupted from the Mexican ahuacatl: cf. Sp. aguacate, F. aguacaté, avocat, G. avogadobaum.]

Defn: The pulpy fruit of Persea gratissima, a tree of tropical America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; — called also avocado pear, alligator pear, midshipman's butter.

AVOCAT
Av`o*cat, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An advocate.

AVOCATE Av"o*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. avocatus, p. p. of avocare; a, ab + vocare to call. Cf. Avoke, and see Vocal, a.]

Defn: To call off or away; to withdraw; to transfer to another
tribunal. [Obs. or Archaic]
One who avocateth his mind from other occupations. Barrow.
He, at last, . . . avocated the cause to Rome. Robertson.

AVOCATION
Av`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. avocatio.]

1. A calling away; a diversion. [Obs. or Archaic] Impulses to duty, and powerful avocations from sin. South.

2. That which calls one away from one's regular employment or vocation. Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly employments avocations. Fuller. By the secular cares and avocations which accompany marriage the clergy have been furnished with skill in common life. Atterbury.

Note: In this sense the word is applied to the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to leave his ordinary or principal business. Avocation (in the singular) for vocation is usually avoided by good writers.

3. pl.

Defn: Pursuits; duties; affairs which occupy one's time; usual employment; vocation. There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to these studies than the common avocations of women. Richardson. In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard, and returned to their ordinary avocations. Macaulay. An irregularity and instability of purpose, which makes them choose the wandering avocations of a shepherd, rather than the more fixed pursuits of agriculture. Buckle.

AVOCATIVE
A*vo"ca*tive, a.

Defn: Calling off. [Obs.]

AVOCATIVE
A*vo"ca*tive, n.

Defn: That which calls aside; a dissuasive.

AVOCET; AVOSET Av"o*cet, Av"o*set, n. Etym: [F. avocette: cf. It. avosetta, Sp. avoceta.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grallatorial bird, of the genus Recurvirostra; the scooper. The bill is long and bend upward toward the tip. The American species is R. Americana. [Written also avocette.]

AVOID
A*void" (, v. t. [p. & p. p. Avoided; p. pr. & vb. n. Avoiding.]
Etym: [OF. esvuidier, es (L. ex) + vuidier, voidier, to empty. See
Void, a.]

1. To empty. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. To emit or throw out; to void; as, to avoid excretions. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

3. To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from. [Obs.] Six of us only stayed, and the rest avoided the room. Bacon.

4. To make void; to annul or vacate; to refute. How can these grants of the king's be avoided Spenser.

5. To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor no to meet; to shun; to abstain from; as, to avoid the company of gamesters. What need a man forestall his date of grief. And run to meet what he would most avoid Milton. He carefully avoided every act which could goad them into open hostility. Macaulay.

6. To get rid of. [Obs.] Shak.

7. (Pleading)

Defn: To defeat or evade; to invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the defendant's plea, or confess it, and avoid it by stating new matter. Blackstone.

Syn. — To escape; elude; evade; eschew. — To Avoid, Shun. Avoid in its commonest sense means, to keep clear of, an extension of the meaning, to withdraw one's self from. It denotes care taken not to come near or in contact; as, to avoid certain persons or places. Shun is a stronger term, implying more prominently the idea of intention. The words may, however, in many cases be interchanged. No man can pray from his heart to be kept from temptation, if the take no care of himself to avoid it. Mason. So Chanticleer, who never saw a fox, Yet shunned him as a sailor shuns the rocks. Dryden.

AVOID
A*void", v. i.

1. To retire; to withdraw. [Obs.] David avoided out of his presence. 1 Sam. xviii. 11.

2. (Law)

Defn: To become void or vacant. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

AVOIDABLE
A*void"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being vacated; liable to be annulled or made invalid; voidable. The charters were not avoidable for the king's nonage. Hale.

2. Capable of being avoided, shunned, or escaped.

AVOIDANCE
A*void"ance, n.

1. The act of annulling; annulment.

2. The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant; — specifically used for the state of a benefice becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent. Wolsey, . . . on every avoidance of St. Peter's chair, was sitting down therein, when suddenly some one or other clapped in before him. Fuller.

3. A dismissing or a quitting; removal; withdrawal.

4. The act of avoiding or shunning; keeping clear of. "The avoidance of pain." Beattie.

5. The courts by which anything is carried off. Avoidances and drainings of water. Bacon.

AVOIDER
A*void"er, n.

1. The person who carries anything away, or the vessel in which things are carried away. Johnson.

2. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes.

AVOIDLESS
A*void"less, a.

Defn: Unavoidable; inevitable.

AVOIRDUPOIS Av`oir*du*pois", n. & a. Etym: [OE. aver de peis, goods of weight, where peis is fr. OF. peis weight, F. poids, L. pensum. See Aver, n., and Poise, n.]

1. Goods sold by weight. [Obs.]

2. Avoirdupois weight.

3. Weight; heaviness; as, a woman of much avoirdupois. [Colloq.] Avoirdupois weight, a system of weights by which coarser commodities are weighed, such as hay, grain, butter, sugar, tea.

Note: The standard Avoirdupois pound of the United States is equivalent to the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled water at 62º Fahrenheit, the barometer being at 30 inches, and the water weighed in the air with brass weights. In this system of weights 16 drams make 1 ounce, 16 ounces 1 pound, 25 pounds 1 quarter, 4 quarters 1 hundred weight, and 20 hundred weight 1 ton. The above pound contains 7,000 grains, or 453.54 grams, so that 1 pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1 31-144 pounds troy. (See Troy weight.) Formerly, a hundred weight was reckoned at 112 pounds, the ton being 2,240 pounds (sometimes called a long ton).

AVOKE
A*voke", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Avocate.]

Defn: To call from or back again. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

AVOLATE
Av"o*late, v. i. Etym: [L. avolare; a (ab) + volare to fly.]

Defn: To fly away; to escape; to exhale. [Obs.]

AVOLATION
Av`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. avolatio.]

Defn: The act of flying; flight; evaporation. [Obs.]

AVOSET
Av"o*set, n.

Defn: Same as Avocet.

AVOUCH
A*vouch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avouched (p. pr. & vb. n. Avouching.]
Etym: [OF. avochier, LL. advocare to recognize the existence of a
thing, to advocate, fr. L. advocare to call to; ad + vocare to call.
Cf. Avow to declare, Advocate, and see Vouch, v. t.]

1. To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority. [Obs.] They avouch many successions of authorities. Coke.

2. To maintain a just or true; to vouch for. We might be disposed to question its authencity, it if were not avouched by the full evidence. Milman.

3. To declare or assert positively and as matter of fact; to affirm
openly.
If this which he avouches does appear. Shak.
Such antiquities could have been avouched for the Irish. Spenser.

4. To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to confess; to sanction. Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy God. Deut. xxvi. 17.

AVOUCH
A*vouch", n.

Defn: Evidence; declaration. [Obs.]
The sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes. Shak.

AVOUCHABLE
A*vouch"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being avouched.

AVOUCHER
A*vouch"er, n.

Defn: One who avouches.

AVOUCHMENT
A*vouch"ment, n.

Defn: The act of avouching; positive declaration. [Obs.] Milton.

AVOUTRER
A*vou"trer, n.

Defn: See Advoutrer. [Obs.]

AVOUTRIE
A*vou"trie, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: Adultery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AVOW A*vow", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Avowed (p. pr. & vb. n. Avowing.] Etym: [F. avouver, fr. L. advocare to call to (whence the meanings, to call upon as superior; recognize as lord, own, confess); ad + vocare to call. See Advocate, Avouch.]

1. To declare openly, as something believed to be right; to own or acknowledge frankly; as, a man avows his principles or his crimes. Which I to be the of Israel's God Avow, and challenge Dagon to the test. Milton.

2. (Law)

Defn: To acknowledge and justify, as an act done. See Avowry.
Blackstone.

Syn.
 — To acknowledge; own; confess. See Confess.

AVOW
A*vow", n, Etym: [Cf. F. aveu.]

Defn: Avowal. [Obs.] Dryden.

AVOW A*vow", v. t. & i. Etym: [OF. avouer, fr. LL. votare to vow, fr. L. votun. See Vote, n.]

Defn: To bind, or to devote, by a vow. [Obs.] Wyclif.

AVOW
A*vow", n.

Defn: A vow or determination. [Archaic]

AVOWABLE
A*vow"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being avowed, or openly acknowledged, with confidence. Donne.

AVOWAL
A*vow"al, n.

Defn: An open declaration; frank acknowledgment; as, an avowal of such principles. Hume.

AVOWANCE
A*vow"ance, n.

1. Act of avowing; avowal.

2. Upholding; defense; vindication. [Obs.] Can my avowance of king-murdering be collected from anything here written by me Fuller.

AVOWANT
A*vow"ant, n. (Law)

Defn: The defendant in replevin, who avows the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking. Cowell.

AVOWED
A*vowed", a.

Defn: Openly acknowledged or declared; admitted.
 — A*vow"ed*ly (, adv.

AVOWEE
A*vow`ee", n. Etym: [F. avoué. Cf. Advowee, Advocate, n.]

Defn: The person who has a right to present to a benefice; the patron; an advowee. See Advowson.

AVOWER
A*vow"er, n.

Defn: One who avows or asserts.

AVOWRY
A*vow"ry, n. Etym: [OE. avouerie protection, authority, OF. avouerie.
See Avow to declare.]

1. An advocate; a patron; a patron saint. [Obs.] Let God alone be our avowry. Latimer.

2. The act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the taking in his own right. Blackstone.

Note: When an action of replevin is brought, the distrainer either makes avowry, that is, avours taking the distress in his own right, or the right of his wife, and states the reason if it, as for arrears of rent, damage done, or the like; or makes cognizance, that is, acknowledges the taking, but justifies in an another's right, as his bailiff or servant.

AVOWTRY
A*vow"try, v. t.

Defn: Adultery. See Advoutry.

AVOYER
A*voy"er, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A chief magistrate of a free imperial city or canton of
Switzerland. [Obs.]

AVULSE A*vulse", v. t. Etym: [L. avulsus, p. p. of avellere to tear off; a (ab) + vellere to pluck.]

Defn: To pluck or pull off. Shenstone.

AVULSION
A*vul"sion, n. Etym: [L. avulsio.]

1. A tearing asunder; a forcible separation. The avulsion of two polished superficies. Locke.

2. A fragment torn off. J. Barlow.

3. (Law)

Defn: The sudden removal of lands or soil from the estate of one man to that of another by an inundation or a current, or by a sudden change in the course of a river by which a part of the estate of one man is cut off and joined to the estate of another. The property in the part thus separated, or cut off, continues in the original owner. Wharton. Burrill.

AVUNCULAR
A*vun"cu*lar, a. Etym: [L. avunculus uncle.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an uncle. In these rare instances, the law of pedigree, whether direct or avuncular, gives way. I. Taylor.

AWAIT
A*wait", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Awaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Awaiting.]
Etym: [OF. awaitier, agaitier; (L. ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch,
F. guetter. See Wait.]

1. To watch for; to look out for. [Obs.]

2. To wait on, serve, or attend. [Obs.]

3. To wait for; to stay for; to expect. See Expect. Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat, Chief of the angelic guards, awaiting night. Milton.

4. To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for; as, a glorious reward awaits the good. O Eve, some farther change awaits us night. Milton.

AWAIT
A*wait", v. i.

1. To watch. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To wait (on or upon). [Obs.]

3. To wait; to stay in waiting. Darwin.

AWAIT
A*wait", n.

Defn: A waiting for; ambush; watch; watching; heed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AWAKE A*wake", v. t. [imp. Awoke, Awaked (; p. p. Awaked; (Obs.) Awaken, Awoken; p. pr. & vb. n. Awaking. The form Awoke is sometimes used as a p. p.] Etym: [AS. awæcnan, v. i. (imp. aw), and awacian, v. i. (imp. awacode). See Awaken, Wake.]

1. To rouse from sleep.; to wake; to awaken. Where morning's earliest ray . . . awake her. Tennyson. And his disciples came to him, and awoke him, saying, Lord, save us; we perish. Matt. viii. 25.

2. To rouse from a state resembling sleep, as from death, stupidity., or inaction; to put into action; to give new life to; to stir up; as, to awake the dead; to awake the dormant faculties. I was soon awaked from this disagreeable reverie. Goldsmith. It way awake my bounty further. Shak. No sunny gleam awakes the trees. Keble.

AWAKE
A*wake", v. i.

Defn: To cease to sleep; to come out of a state of natural sleep;
and, figuratively, out of a state resembling sleep, as inaction or
death.
The national spirit again awoke. Freeman.
Awake to righteousness, and sin not. 1 Cor. xv. 34.

AWAKE
A*wake", a. Etym: [From awaken, old p. p. of awake.]

Defn: Not sleeping or lethargic; roused from sleep; in a state of
vigilance or action.
Before whom awake I stood. Milton.
She still beheld, Now wide awake, the vision of her sleep. Keats.
He was awake to the danger. Froude.

AWAKEN
A*wak"en, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Awakened (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Awakening.] Etym: [OE. awakenen, awaknen, AS. awæcnan, awæcnian, v.
i.; pref. on- + wæcnan to wake. Cf. Awake, v. t.]

Defn: To rouse from sleep or torpor; to awake; to wake.
[He] is dispatched Already to awaken whom thou nam'st. Cowper.
Their consciences are thoroughly awakened. Tillotson.

Syn.
 — To arouse; excite; stir up; call forth.

AWAKENER
A*wak"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, awakens.

AWAKENING
A*wak"en*ing, a.

Defn: Rousing from sleep, in a natural or a figurative sense; rousing into activity; exciting; as, the awakening city; an awakening discourse; the awakening dawn. — A*wak"en*ing*ly, adv.

AWAKENING
A*wak"en*ing, n.

Defn: The act of awaking, or ceasing to sleep. Specifically: A revival of religion, or more general attention to religious matters than usual.

AWAKENMENT
A*wak"en*ment, n.

Defn: An awakening. [R.]

AWANTING
A*want"ing, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + wanting.]

Defn: Missing; wanting. [Prov. Scot. & Eng.] Sir W. Hamilton.

AWARD A*ward", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Awarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Awarding.] Etym: [OF. eswarder to look at, consider, decide, judge; es (L. ex) + warder, garder, to observe, take heed, keep, fr. OHG. wart to watch, guard. See Ward.]

Defn: To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case; to adjudge; as, the arbitrators awarded damages to the complainant. To review The wrongful sentence, and award a new. Dryden.

AWARD
A*ward", v. i.

Defn: To determine; to make an ~.

AWARD
A*ward", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. award, awart, esgart. See Award, v. t.]

1. A judgment, sentence, or final decision. Specifically: The decision of arbitrators in a case submitted."Impatient for the award." Cowper. An award had been given against. Gilpin.

2. The paper containing the decision of arbitrators; that which is warded. Bouvier.

AWARDER
A*ward"er, n.

Defn: One who awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial determination; a judge.

AWARE A*ware", a. Etym: [OE. iwar, AS. gewær, fr. wær wary. The pref. ge- orig. meant together, completely. Wary.]

1. Watchful; vigilant or on one's guard against danger or difficulty.

2. Apprised; informed; cognizant; conscious; as, he was aware of the enemy's designs. Aware of nothing arduous in a task They never undertook. Cowper.

AWARN A*warn", v. t. Etym: [Pref. a- + warn, AS. gewarnian. See Warn, v. t.]

Defn: To warn. [Obs.] Spenser.

AWASH
A*wash", a. Etym: [Pref. a- + wash.]

Defn: Washed by the waves or tide; — said of a rock or strip of shore, or (Naut.) of an anchor, etc., when flush with the surface of the water, so that the waves break over it.

AWAY
A*way", adv. Etym: [AS. aweg, anweg, onweg; on on + weg way.]

1. From a place; hence. The sound is going away. Shak. Have me away, for I am sore wounded. 2 Chron. xxxv. 23.

2. Absent; gone; at a distance; as, the master is away from home.

3. Aside; off; in another direction. The axis of rotation is inclined away from the sun. Lockyer.

4. From a state or condition of being; out of existence. Be near me when I fade away. Tennyson.

5. By ellipsis of the verb, equivalent to an imperative: Go or come ~; begone; take ~. And the Lord said . . . Away, get thee down. Exod. xix. 24.

6. On; in continuance; without intermission or delay; as, sing away. [Colloq.]

Note: It is much used in phrases signifying moving or going from; as, go away, run away, etc.; all signifying departure, or separation to a distance. Sometimes without the verb; as, whither away so fast "Love hath wings, and will away." Waller. It serves to modify the sense of certain verbs by adding that of removal, loss, parting with, etc.; as, to throw away; to trifle away; to squander away, etc. Sometimes it has merely an intensive force; as, to blaze away. Away with, bear, abide. [Obs. or Archaic] "The calling of assemblies, I can not away with." (Isa. i. 13 ), i. e., "I can not bear or endure [it]." — Away with one, signifies, take him away. "Away with, crucify him." John xix. 15. — To make away with. (a) To kill or destroy. (b) To carry off.

AWAY-GOING
A*way"-go"ing, a. (Law)

Defn: Sown during the last years of a tenancy, but not ripe until after its expiration; — said of crops. Wharton.

AWAYWARD
A*way"ward, adv.

Defn: Turned away; away. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AWE Awe, n. Etym: [OE. a, aghe, fr. Icel. agi; akin to AS. ege, , Goth. agis, Dan. ave chastisement, fear, Gr. ail. Ugly.]

1. Dread; great fear mingled with respect. [Obs. or Obsolescent] His frown was full of terror, and his voice Shook the delinquent with such fits of awe. Cowper.

2. The emotion inspired by something dreadful and sublime; an undefined sense of the dreadful and the sublime; reverential fear, or solemn wonder; profound reverence. There is an awe in mortals' joy, A deep mysterious fear. Keble. To tame the pride of that power which held the Continent in awe. Macaulay. The solitude of the desert, or the loftiness of the mountain, may fill the mind with awe — the sense of our own littleness in some greater presence or power. C. J. Smith. To stand in awe of, to fear greatly; to reverence profoundly.

Syn.
 — See Reverence.

AWE
Awe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Awed (p. pr. & vb. n. Awing.]

Defn: To strike with fear and reverence; to inspire with awe; to
control by inspiring dread.
That same eye whose bend doth awe the world. Shak.
His solemn and pathetic exhortation awed and melted the bystanders.
Macaulay.

AWEARIED
A*wea"ried, p. p.

Defn: Wearied. [Poetic]

AWEARY
A*wea"ry, a. Etym: [Pref. a- + weary.]

Defn: Weary. [Poetic] "I begin to be aweary of thee." Shak.

AWEATHER
A*weath"er, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + weather.] (Naut.)

Defn: On the weather side, or toward the wind; in the direction from which the wind blows; — opposed to alee; as, helm aweather ! Totten.

AWEIGH
A*weigh", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + weigh.] (Naut.)

Defn: Just drawn out of the ground, and hanging perpendicularly; atrip; — said of the anchor. Totten.

AWELESS
Awe"less, a.

Defn: See Awless.

AWESOME
Awe"some, a.

1. Causing awe; appalling; awful; as, an awesome sight. Wright.

2. Expressive of awe or terror. An awesome glance up at the auld castle. Sir W. Scott.

AWESOMENESS
Awe"some*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being awesome.

AWE-STRICKEN
Awe"-strick`en, a.

Defn: Awe-struck.

AWE-STRUCK
Awe"-struck`, a.

Defn: Struck with awe. Milton.

AWFUL
Aw"ful, a.

1. Oppressing with fear or horror; appalling; terrible; as, an awful scene. "The hour of Nature's awful throes." Hemans.

2. Inspiring awe; filling with profound reverence, or with fear and admiration; fitted to inspire reverential fear; profoundly impressive. Heaven's awful Monarch. Milton.

3. Struck or filled with awe; terror-stricken. [Obs.] A weak and awful reverence for antiquity. I. Watts.

4. Worshipful; reverential; law-abiding. [Obs.] Thrust from the company of awful men. Shak.

5. Frightful; exceedingly bad; great; — applied intensively; as, an awful bonnet; an awful boaster. [Slang]

Syn.
 — See Frightful.

AWFULLY
Aw"ful*ly, adv.

1. In an awful manner; in a manner to fill with terror or awe; fearfully; reverently.

2. Very; excessively. [Slang]

AWFULNESS
Aw"ful*ness, n.

1. The quality of striking with awe, or with reverence; dreadfulness; solemnity; as, the awfulness of this sacred place. The awfulness of grandeur. Johnson.

2. The state of being struck with awe; a spirit of solemnity; profound reverence. [Obs.] Producing in us reverence and awfulness. Jer. Taylor.

AWHAPE
A*whape", v. t. Etym: [Cf. whap blow.]

Defn: To confound; to terrify; to amaze. [Obs.] Spenser.

AWHILE
A*while", adv. Etym: [Adj. a + while time, interval.]

Defn: For a while; for some time; for a short time.

AWING
A*wing", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + wing.]

Defn: On the wing; flying; fluttering. Wallace.

AWK Awk, a. Etym: [OE. auk, awk (properly) turned away; (hence) contrary, wrong, from Icel. öfigr, öfugr, afigr, turning the wrong way, fr. af off, away; cf. OHG. abuh, Skr. apac turned away, fr. apa off, away + a root ak, ak, to bend, from which come also E. angle, anchor.]

1. Odd; out of order; perverse. [Obs.]

2. Wrong, or not commonly used; clumsy; sinister; as, the awk end of a rod (the but end). [Obs.] Golding.

3. Clumsy in performance or manners; unhandy; not dexterous; awkward. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

AWK
Awk, adv.

Defn: Perversely; in the wrong way. L'Estrange.

AWKLY
Awk"ly, adv.

1. In an unlucky (left-handed) or perverse manner. [Obs.] Holland.

2. Awkwardly. [Obs.] Fuller.

AWKWARD
Awk"ward, a. Etym: [Awk + -ward.]

1. Wanting dexterity in the use of the hands, or of instruments; not dexterous; without skill; clumsy; wanting ease, grace, or effectiveness in movement; ungraceful; as, he was awkward at a trick; an awkward boy. And dropped an awkward courtesy. Dryden.

2. Not easily managed or effected; embarrassing. A long and awkward process. Macaulay. An awkward affair is one that has gone wrong, and is difficult to adjust. C. J. Smith.

3. Perverse; adverse; untoward. [Obs.] "Awkward casualties." "Awkward wind." Shak. O blind guides, which being of an awkward religion, do strain out a gnat, and swallow up a cancel. Udall.

Syn. — Ungainly; unhandy; clownish; lubberly; gawky; maladroit; bungling; inelegant; ungraceful; unbecoming. — Awkward, Clumsy, Uncouth. Awkward has a special reference to outward deportment. A man is clumsy in his whole person, he is awkward in his gait and the movement of his limbs. Clumsiness is seen at the first view. Awkwardness is discovered only when a person begins to move. Hence the expressions, a clumsy appearance, and an awkward manner. When we speak figuratively of an awkward excuse, we think of a want of ease and grace in making it; when we speak of a clumsy excuse, we think of the whole thing as coarse and stupid. We apply the term uncouth most frequently to that which results from the want of instruction or training; as, uncouth manners; uncouth language. — Awk"ward*ly (, adv. — Awk"ward*ness, n.

AWKWARD SQUAD
Awk"ward squad. (Mil.)

Defn: A squad of inapt recruits assembled for special drill.

AWL Awl, n. Etym: [OE. aul, awel, al, AS. , awel; akin to Icel. alr, OHG. ala, G. ahle, Lith. yla, Skr. ara.]

Defn: A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the brad awl, saddler's awl, shoemaker's awl, etc.

AWLESS
Aw"less, a.

1. Wanting reverence; void of respectful fear. "Awless insolence." Dryden.

2. Inspiring no awe. [Obs.] "The awless throne." Shak. [Written also aweless]

AWLESSNESS
Aw"less*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being awless.

AWL-SHAPED
Awl"-shaped`, a.

1. Shaped like an awl.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Subulate. See Subulate. Gray.

AWLWORT
Awl"wort`, n. Etym: [Awl + wort.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Subularia aquatica), with awl-shaped leaves.

AWM
Awm (m), n.

Defn: See Aam.

AWN Awn, n. Etym: [OE. awn, agune, from Icel. ögn, pl. agnir; akin to Sw. agn, Dan. avne, Goth. ahana, OHG. agana, G. agen, ahne, chaff, Gr. egla; prob. from same root as E. acute. See 3d Ear. (Bot.)

Defn: The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar bristlelike appendage; arista. Gray.

AWNED
Awned, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with an awn, or long bristle-shaped tip; bearded.
Gray.

AWNING Awn"ing, n. Etym: [Origin uncertain: cf. F. auvent awing, or Pers. awan, awang, anything suspended, or LG. havening a place sheltered from wind and weather, E. haven.]

1. A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.

2. (Naut.) That part of the poop deck which is continued forward beyond the bulkhead of the cabin.

AWNINGED
Awn"inged, a.

Defn: Furnished with an awning.

AWNLESS
Awn"less, a.

Defn: Without awns or beard.

AWNY
Awn"y, a.

Defn: Having awns; bearded.

AWORK
A*work", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + work.]

Defn: At work; in action. "Set awork." Shak.

AWORKING
A*work"ing, adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + working.]

Defn: At work; in action. [Archaic or Colloq.] Spenser.

AWREAK; AWREKE
A*wreak", A*wreke",, v. t. & i.

Defn: To avenge. [Obs.] See Wreak.

AWRONG
A*wrong", adv. Etym: [Pref. a- + wrong.]

Defn: Wrongly. Ford.

AWRY
A*wry", adv. & a. Etym: [Pref. a- + wry.]

1. Turned or twisted toward one side; not in a straight or true direction, or position; out of the right course; distorted; obliquely; asquint; with oblique vision; as, to glance awry. "Your crown's awry." Shak. Blows them transverse, ten thousand leagues awry. Into the devious air. Milton.

2. Aside from the line of truth, or right reason; unreasonable or unreasonably; perverse or perversely. Or by her charms Draws him awry, enslaved. Milton. Nothing more awry from the law of God and nature than that a woman should give laws to men. Milton.

AWSOME
Aw"some, a.

Defn: Same as Awesome.

AX; AXE
Ax, Axe,, n. Etym: [OE. ax, axe, AS. eax, æx, acas; akin to D. akse,
OS. accus, OHG. acchus, G. axt, Icel. öx, öxi, Sw. yxe, Dan. ökse,
Goth. aqizi, Gr. , L. ascia; not akin to E. acute.]

Defn: A tool or instrument of steel, or of iron with a steel edge or blade, for felling trees, chopping and splitting wood, hewing timber, etc. It is wielded by a wooden helve or handle, so fixed in a socket or eye as to be in the same plane with the blade. The broadax, or carpenter's ax, is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the chopping ax, and with a broader and thinner blade and a shorter handle.

Note: The ancient battle-ax had sometimes a double edge.

Note: The word is used adjectively or in combination; as, axhead or ax head; ax helve; ax handle; ax shaft; ax-shaped; axlike.

Note: This word was originally spelt with e, axe; and so also was nearly every corresponding word of one syllable: as, flaxe, taxe, waxe, sixe, mixe, pixe, oxe, fluxe, etc. This superfluous e is not dropped; so that, in more than a hundred words ending in x, no one thinks of retaining the e except in axe. Analogy requires its exclusion here.

Note: "The spelling ax is better on every ground, of etymology, phonology, and analogy, than axe, which has of late become prevalent." New English Dict. (Murray).

AX
Ax, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. axien and asken. See Ask.]

Defn: To ask; to inquire or inquire of.

Note: This word is from Saxon, and is as old as the English language. Formerly it was in good use, but now is regarded as a vulgarism. It is still dialectic in England, and is sometimes heard among the uneducated in the United States. "And Pilate axide him, Art thou king of Jewis" "Or if he axea fish." Wyclif. 'bdThe king axed after your Grace's welfare." Pegge.

AXAL
Ax"al, a.

Defn: [See Axial.] [R.]

AXE; AXEMAN
Axe, Axe"man, etc.

Defn: See Ax, Axman.

AXIAL
Ax"i*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to an axis; of the nature of, or resembling, an axis; around an axis. To take on an axial, and not an equatorial, direction. Nichol.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Belonging to the axis of the body; as, the axial skeleton; or to the axis of any appendage or organ; as, the axial bones. Axial line (Magnetism), the line taken by the magnetic force in passing from one pole of a horseshoe magnet to the other. Faraday.

AXIALLY
Ax"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In relation to, or in a line with, an axis; in the axial (magnetic) line.

AXIL
Ax"il, n. Etym: [L. axilla. Cf. Axle.] (Bot.)

Defn: The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs. Gray.

AXILE
Ax"ile, a.

Defn: Situated in the axis of anything; as an embryo which lies in the axis of a seed. Gray.

AXILLA
Ax*il"la, n.; pl. Axillae. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: The armpit, or the cavity beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An axil.

AXILLAR
Ax"il*lar, a.

Defn: Axillary.

AXILLARIES; AXILLARS
Ax"il*la*ries, Ax"il*lars, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feathers connecting the under surface of the wing and the body, and concealed by the closed wing.

AXILLARY
Ax"il*la*ry, a. Etym: [See Axil.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the axilla or armpit; as, axillary gland, artery, nerve.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated in, or rising from, an axil; of or pertaining to an axil. "Axillary buds." Gray.

AXINITE Ax"i*nite, n. Etym: [Named in allusion to the form of the crystals, fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A borosilicate of alumina, iron, and lime, commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.

AXINOMANCY
Ax*in"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [L. axinomantia, Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: A species of divination, by means of an ax or hatchet.

AXIOM Ax"i*om, n. Etym: [L. axioma, Gr. that which is thought worthy, that which is assumed, a basis of demonstration, a principle, fr. to think worthy, fr. worthy, weighing as much as; cf. to lead, drive, also to weigh so much: cf F. axiome. See Agent, a.]

1. (Logic & Math.)

Defn: A self-evident and necessary truth, or a proposition whose truth is so evident as first sight that no reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer; a proposition which it is necessary to take for granted; as, "The whole is greater than a part;" "A thing can not, at the same time, be and not be."

2. An established principle in some art or science, which, though not a necessary truth, is universally received; as, the axioms of political economy.

Syn. — Axiom, Maxim, Aphorism, Adage. An axiom is a self-evident truth which is taken for granted as the basis of reasoning. A maxim is a guiding principle sanctioned by experience, and relating especially to the practical concerns of life. An aphorism is a short sentence pithily expressing some valuable and general truth or sentiment. An adage is a saying of long-established authority and of universal application.

AXIOMATIC; AXIOMATICAL
Ax`i*o*mat"ic, Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an axiom; having the nature of an axiom; self-evident; characterized by axioms. "Axiomatical truth." Johnson. The stores of axiomatic wisdom. I. Taylor.

AXIOMATICALLY
Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By the use of axioms; in the form of an axiom.

AXIS
Ax"is, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spotted deer (Cervus axis or Axis maculata) of India, where it is called hog deer and parrah (Moorish name).

AXIS
Ax"is, n.; pl. Axes. Etym: [L. axis axis, axle. See Axle.]

Defn: A straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or may be supposed to revolve; a line passing through a body or system around which the parts are symmetrically arranged.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A straight line with respect to which the different parts of a magnitude are symmetrically arranged; as, the axis of a cylinder, i. e., the axis of a cone, that is, the straight line joining the vertex and the center of the base; the axis of a circle, any straight line passing through the center.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The stem; the central part, or longitudinal support, on which organs or parts are arranged; the central line of any body. Gray.

4. (Anat.) (a) The second vertebra of the neck, or vertebra dentata. (b) Also used of the body only of the vertebra, which is prolonged anteriorly within the foramen of the first vertebra or atlas, so as to form the odontoid process or peg which serves as a pivot for the atlas and head to turn upon.

5. (Crystallog.)

Defn: One of several imaginary lines, assumed in describing the position of the planes by which a crystal is bounded.

6. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The primary of secondary central line of any design. Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line or ridge from which the strata slope downward on the two opposite sides. — Synclinal axis, a line from which the strata slope upward in opposite directions, so as to form a valley. — Axis cylinder (Anat.), the neuraxis or essential, central substance of a nerve fiber; — called also axis band, axial fiber, and cylinder axis. — Axis in peritrochio, the wheel and axle, one of the mechanical powers. — Axis of a curve (Geom.), a straight line which bisects a system of parallel chords of a curve; called a principal axis, when cutting them at right angles, in which case it divides the curve into two symmetrical portions, as in the parabola, which has one such axis, the ellipse, which has two, or the circle, which has an infinite number. The two axes of the ellipse are the major axis and the minor axis, and the two axes of the hyperbola are the transverse axis and the conjugate axis. — Axis of a lens, the straight line passing through its center and perpendicular to its surfaces. — Axis of a telescope or microscope, the straight line with which coincide the axes of the several lenses which compose it. — Axes of coördinates in a plane, to straight lines intersecting each other, to which points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative position: they are either rectangular or oblique. — Axes of coördinates in space, the three straight lines in which the coördinate planes intersect each other. — Axis of a balance, that line about which it turns. — Axis of oscillation, of a pendulum, a right line passing through the center about which it vibrates, and perpendicular to the plane of vibration. — Axis of polarization, the central line around which the prismatic rings or curves are arranged. Brewster. — Axis of revolution (Descriptive Geom.), a straight line about which some line or plane is revolved, so that the several points of the line or plane shall describe circles with their centers in the fixed line, and their planes perpendicular to it, the line describing a surface of revolution, and the plane a solid of revolution. — Axis of symmetry (Geom.), any line in a plane figure which divides the figure into two such parts that one part, when folded over along the axis, shall coincide with the other part. — Axis of the equator, ecliptic, horizon (or other circle considered with reference to the sphere on which it lies), the diameter of the sphere which is perpendicular to the plane of the circle. Hutton. — Axis of the Ionic capital (Arch.), a line passing perpendicularly through the middle of the eye of the volute. — Neutral axis (Mech.), the line of demarcation between the horizontal elastic forces of tension and compression, exerted by the fibers in any cross section of a girder. — Optic axis of a crystal, the direction in which a ray of transmitted light suffers no double refraction. All crystals, not of the isometric system, are either uniaxial or biaxial. — Optic axis, Visual axis (Opt.), the straight line passing through the center of the pupil, and perpendicular to the surface of the eye. — Radical axis of two circles (Geom.), the straight line perpendicular to the line joining their centers and such that the tangents from any point of it to the two circles shall be equal to each other. — Spiral axis (Arch.), the axis of a twisted column drawn spirally in order to trace the circumvolutions without. — Axis of abscissas and Axis of ordinates. See Abscissa.

AXLE Ax"le, n. Etym: [OE. axel, exel, shoulder, AS. ; akin to AS. eax axle, Sw. & Dan. axel shoulder, ~, G. achse axle, achsel shoulder, L. axis axle, Gr. aksha, L. axilla shoulder joint: cf. F. essieu, axle, OF. aissel, fr. dim. of L. axis. Axis.]

1. The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel.

2. A transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage; an axletree.

3. An axis; as, the sun's axle. Had from her axle torn The steadfast earth. Milton.

Note: Railway axles are called leading and trailing from their position in the front or in the rear of a car or truck respectively.

AXLE BOX
Ax"le box`.

1. A bushing in the hub of a wheel, through which the axle passes.

2. The journal box of a rotating axle, especially a railway axle.

Note: In railway construction, the axle guard, or pedestal, with the superincumbent weight, rests on the top of the box (usually with a spring intervening), and holds it in place by flanges. The box rests upon the journal bearing and key, which intervene between the inner top of the box and the axle.

AXLED
Ax"led, a.

Defn: Having an axle; — used in composition.
Merlin's agate-axled car. T. Warton.

AXLE GUARD
Ax"le guard`.

Defn: The part of the framing of a railway car or truck, by which an axle box is held laterally, and in which it may move vertically; — also called a jaw in the United States, and a housing in England.

AXLETREE
Ax"le*tree`, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. öxultr.]

1. A bar or beam of wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a carriage, on the ends of which the wheels revolve.

2. A spindle or axle of a wheel. [Obs.]

AXMAN
Ax"man, n.; pl. Axmen (.

Defn: One who wields an ax.

AXMINSTER
Ax"min`ster, n.

Defn: An Axminster carpet, an imitation Turkey carpet, noted for its thick and soft pile; — so called from Axminster, Eng.

AXMINSTER; AXMINSTER CARPET Ax"min*ster, n., or Axminster carpet . (a) [More fully chenille Axminster.] A variety of Turkey carpet, woven by machine or, when more than 27 inches wide, on a hand loom, and consisting of strips of worsted chenille so colored as to produce a pattern on a stout jute backing. It has a fine soft pile. So called from Axminster, England, where it was formerly (1755 — 1835) made. (b) A similar but cheaper machine-made carpet, resembling moquette in construction and appearance, but finer and of better material.

AXOLOTL
Ax"o*lotl, n. Etym: [The native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An amphibian of the salamander tribe found in the elevated lakes of Mexico; the siredon.

Note: When it breeds in captivity the young develop into true salamanders of the genus Amblystoma. This also occurs naturally under favorable conditions, in its native localities; although it commonly lives and breeds in a larval state, with persistent external gills. See Siredon.

AXSTONE
Ax"stone`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of jade. It is used by some savages, particularly the natives of the South Sea Islands, for making axes or hatchets.

AXTREE
Ax"tree, n.

Defn: Axle or axletree. [Obs.] Drayton.

AXUNGE Ax"unge, n. Etym: [F. axonge, L. axungia; axis wheel + ungere to grease.]

Defn: Fat; grease; esp. the fat of pigs or geese; usually (Pharm.), lard prepared for medical use.

AY
Ay, interj.

Defn: Ah! alas! "Ay me! I fondly dream `Had ye been there.'" Milton.

AY
Ay, adv.

Defn: Same as Aye.

AYAH
A"yah, n. Etym: [Pg. aia, akin to Sp. aya a governess, ayo a tutor.]

Defn: A native nurse for children; also, a lady's maid. [India]

AYE; AY Aye, Ay, adv. Etym: [Perh. a modification of yea, or from the interjection of admiration or astonishment, OE. ei, ey, why, hey, ay, well, ah, ha. Cf. MHG. & G. ei, Dan. ej. Or perh. akin to aye ever.]

Defn: Yes; yea; — a word expressing assent, or an affirmative answer to a question. It is much used in viva voce voting in legislative bodies, etc.

Note: This word is written I in the early editions of Shakespeare and other old writers.

AYE
Aye, n.

Defn: An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, "To call for the ayes and noes;" "The ayes have it."

AYE; AY Aye, Ay, adv. Etym: [Icel. ei, ey; akin to AS. a, awa, always, Goth. aiws an age, Icel. æfi, OHG, , L. aevum, Gr. je, Skr. course. Age, v., Either, a., Or, conj.]

Defn: Always; ever; continually; for an indefinite time.
For his mercies aye endure. Milton.
For aye, always; forever; eternally.

AYE-AYE
Aye"-aye`, n. Etym: [From the native name, prob. from its cry.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A singular nocturnal quadruped, allied to the lemurs, found in Madagascar (Cheiromys Madagascariensis), remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.

AYEGREEN
Aye"green`, n. Etym: [Aye ever + green.] (Bot.)

Defn: The houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum). Halliwell.

AYEN; AYEIN; AYEINS
A*yen", A*yein", A*yeins", adv. & prep. Etym: [OE. Again.]

Defn: Again; back against. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AYENWARD
A*yen"ward, adv.

Defn: Backward. [Obs.] Chaucer.

AYLE
Ayle, n. Etym: [OE. ayel, aiel, OF. aiol, aiel, F. aïeul, a dim. of
L. avus grandfather.]

Defn: A grandfather. [Obs.] Writ of Ayle, an ancient English writ which lay against a stranger who had dispossessed the demandant of land of which his grandfather died seized.

AYME
Ay"me`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ahi interj.]

Defn: The utterance of the ejaculation "Ay me !" [Obs.] See Ay, interj. "Aymees and hearty heigh-hoes." J. Fletcher.

AYOND
A*yond", prep. & adv.

Defn: Beyond. [North of Eng.]

AYONT
A*yont", prep. & adv.

Defn: Beyond. [Scot.]

AYRIE; AYRY
A"y*rie, A"y*ry, n.

Defn: See Aerie. Drayton.

AYRSHIRE
Ayr"shire, n. (Agric.)

Defn: One of a superior breed of cattle from Ayrshire, Scotland.
Ayrshires are notable for the quantity and quality of their milk.

AYUNTAMIENTO
A*yun`ta*mi*en"to, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. OSp. ayuntar to join.]

Defn: In Spain and Spanish America, a corporation or body of magistrates in cities and towns, corresponding to mayor and aldermen.

AZALEA
A*za"le*a, n.; pl. Azaleas. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of showy flowering shrubs, mostly natives of China or of North America; false honeysuckle. The genus is scarcely distinct from Rhododendron.

AZAROLE Az"a*role, n. Etym: [F. azerole, the name of the fruit, fr. Ar. az- zo'r: cf. It. azzeruolo, Sp. acerolo.] (Bot.)

Defn: The Neapolitan medlar (Cratægus azarolus), a shrub of southern
Europe; also, its fruit.

AZEDARACH A*zed"a*rach, n. Etym: [F. azédarac, Sp. acederaque, Pers. azaddirakht noble tree.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A handsome Asiatic tree (Melia azedarach), common in the southern United States; — called also, Pride of India, Pride of China, and Bead tree.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The bark of the roots of the azedarach, used as a cathartic and emetic.

AZIMUTH Az"i*muth, n. Etym: [OE. azimut, F. azimut, fr. Ar. as-sum, pl. of as-samt a way, or perh., a point of the horizon and a circle extending to it from the zenith, as being the Arabic article: cf. It. azzimutto, Pg. azimuth, and Ar. samt-al-ra's the vertex of the heaven. Cf. Zenith.] (Astron. & Geodesy) (a) The quadrant of an azimuth circle. (b) An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object; as, the azimuth of a star; the azimuth or bearing of a line surveying.

Note: In trigonometrical surveying, it is customary to reckon the azimuth of a line from the south point of the horizon around by the west from 0º to 360º. Azimuth circle, or Vertical circle, one of the great circles of the sphere intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles. Hutton. — Azimuth compass, a compass resembling the mariner's compass, but having the card divided into degrees instead of rhumbs, and having vertical sights; used for taking the magnetic azimuth of a heavenly body, in order to find, by comparison with the true azimuth, the variation of the needle. — Azimuth dial, a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon. Hutton. — Magnetic azimuth, an arc of the horizon, intercepted between the vertical circle passing through any object and the magnetic meridian. This is found by observing the object with an azimuth compass.

AZIMUTHAL
Az"i*muth`al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the azimuth; in a horizontal circle. Azimuthal error of a transit instrument, its deviation in azimuth from the plane of the meridian.

AZO-
Az"o-. Etym: [See Azote.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form of azote; (a) Applied loosely to compounds having nitrogen variously combined, as in cyanides, nitrates, etc. (b) Now especially applied to compounds containing a two atom nitrogen group uniting two hydrocarbon radicals, as in azobenzene, azobenzoic, etc. These compounds furnish many artificial dyes. See Diazo-.

AZOBENZENE
Az`o*ben"zene, n. Etym: [Azo- + benzene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance (C6H5.N2.C6H5) derived from nitrobenzene, forming orange red crystals which are easily fusible.

AZOGUE
A*zo"gue, n. [Sp. See Azoth.]

Defn: Lit.: Quicksilver; hence: pl. (Mining)

Defn: Silver ores suitable for treatment by amalgamation with mercury. [Sp. Amer.]

AZOIC
A*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life; anterior to the existence of animal life; formed when there was no animal life on the globe; as, the azoic. rocks. Azoic age (Geol.), the age preceding the existence of animal life, or anterior to the paleozoic tome. Azoic is also used as a noun, age being understood. See Archæan, and Eozoic.

AZOLE
Az"ole, n. [From Azote.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: Any of a large class of compounds characterized by a five- membered ring which contains an atom of nitrogen and at least one other noncarbon atom (nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur). The prefixes furo-, thio, and pyrro-are used to distinguish three subclasses of azoles, which may be regarded as derived respectively from furfuran, thiophene, and pyrrol by replacement of the CH group by nitrogen; as, furo-monazole. Names exactly analogous to those for the azines are also used; as, oxazole, diazole, etc.

AZOLEIC
Az`o*le"ic, a. Etym: [Azo- + oleic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to an acid produced by treating oleic with nitric acid. [R.]

AZONIC
A*zon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Confined to no zone or region; not local.

AZORIAN
A*zo"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Azores.
 — n.

Defn: A native of the Azores.

AZOTE
Az"ote, n. Etym: [F. azote, fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Nitrogen. [R.]

AZOTED
Az"ot*ed, a.

Defn: Nitrogenized; nitrogenous.

AZOTH Az"oth, n. Etym: [LL. azoch, azoth, fr. Ar. az-zauq mercury.] (Alchemy) (a) The first principle of metals, i. e., mercury, which was formerly supposed to exist in all metals, and to be extractable from them. (b) The universal remedy of Paracelsus.

AZOTIC
A*zot"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of azote; nitric; as, azotic gas; azotic acid. [R.] Carpenter.

AZOTINE; AZOTIN
Az"o*tine, Az"o*tin, n. [Azote + -ine.]

1.

Defn: An explosive consisting of sodium nitrate, charcoal, sulphur, and petroleum.

2. = 1st Ammonite, 2.

AZOTITE
Az"o*tite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the combination of azotous, or nitrous, acid with a base; a nitrite. [R.]

AZOTIZE
Az"o*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Azotized (p. pr. & vb. n. Azotizing (

Defn: To impregnate with azote, or nitrogen; to nitrogenize.

AZOTOMETER
Az`o*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Azote + -meter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for measuring or determining the proportion of nitrogen; a nitrometer.

AZOTOUS
A*zo"tous, a

Defn: : Nitrous; as, azotous acid. [R.]

AZOTURIA
Az`o*tu"ri*a, n. [NL.; azote + Gr. urine.] (Med.)

Defn: Excess of urea or other nitrogenous substances in the urine.

AZTEC
Az"tec, a.

Defn: Of or relating to one of the early races in Mexico that inhabited the great plateau of that country at the time of the Spanish conquest in 1519. — n.

Defn: One of the Aztec race or people.

AZURE Az"ure, a. Etym: [F. & OSp. azur, Sp. azul, through Ar. from Per. lajaward, or lajuward, lapis lazuli, a blue color, lajawardi, lajuwardi, azure, cerulean, the initial l having been dropped, perhaps by the influence of the Ar. azr-aq azure, blue. Cf. G. lasur, lasurstein, azure color, azure stone, and NL. lapis lazuli.]

Defn: Sky-blue; resembling the clear blue color of the unclouded sky; cerulean; also, cloudless. Azure stone (Min.), the lapis lazuli; also, the lazulite.

AZURE
Az"ure, n.

1. The lapis lazuli. [Obs.]

2. The clear blue color of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this color. "In robes of azure." Wordsworth.

3. The blue vault above; the unclouded sky. Not like those steps On heaven's azure. Milton.

4. (Her.)

Defn: A blue color, represented in engraving by horizontal parallel lines.

AZURE
Az"ure, v. t.

Defn: To color blue.

AZURED
Az"ured, a.

Defn: Of an azure color; sky-blue. "The azured harebell." Shak.

AZUREOUS
A*zu"re*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of a fine blue color; azure.

AZURINE
Az"u*rine, a. Etym: [Cf. Azurn.]

Defn: Azure.

AZURINE
Az"u*rine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue roach of Europe (Leuciscus cæruleus); — so called from its color.

AZURITE
Az"u*rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite.

AZURN Az"urn, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. azurin, asurin, LL. azurinus. See Azure, a.]

Defn: Azure. [Obs.] Thick set with agate, and the azurn sheen Of turkis blue, and emerald green. Milton.

AZYGOUS
Az"y*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Odd; having no fellow; not one of a pair; single; as, the azygous muscle of the uvula.

AZYM; AZYME
Az"ym, Az"yme, n. Etym: [F. azyme unleavened, L. azymus, fr. Gr.

Defn: Unleavened bread.

AZYMIC
A*zym"ic, a.

Defn: Azymous.

AZYMITE
Az"y*mite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. azymite.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One who administered the Eucharist with unleavened bread; — a name of reproach given by those of the Greek church to the Latins.

AZYMOUS
Az"y*mous, a. Etym: [See Azym.]

Defn: Unleavened; unfermented. "Azymous bread." Dunglison.