The Project Gutenberg eBook of English Heraldic Book-stamps, by Cyril Davenport.

THIS FRONTISPIECE
SHOWING
THE BOOK-STAMP OF
HIS MAJESTY THE KING
IS REPRODUCED
BY HIS MAJESTY'S
GRACIOUS PERMISSION.

Introduction

The coats-of-arms and crests which are figured and described in the following pages do not exhaust the number of stamps of this kind that must exist on bookbindings throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland. Perhaps some day I shall go on my travels and search for unrecorded coats, but the present collection, even if it should prove to have been only a first instalment, will not easily be equalled in interest.

	PAGE
Introduction	1
Coats-of-Arms	41
Bibliography	413
INDICES—
Index to the Introduction	417
Index to the Coats-of-Arms, etc.	421

Little attention has been hitherto paid to English coats-of-arms outside books. For French coats of the same kind an excellent and comprehensive handbook has been compiled by M. J. Guigard, Nouvel Armorial du Bibliophile, Paris, 1890.

Two short papers have already been written about my present subject, and both of these are illustrated with drawings by myself. The earlier paper is by Mr. W. Y. Fletcher, and appeared in vol. iii. of Bibliographica in 1897; it is called "English Armorial Book-Stamps and their Owners." The second paper is by Mr. A. W. Pollard, and appeared in The Library of April 1902; it is called "The[Pg 2] Franks Collection of Armorial Book-Stamps." The drawings I made for these two papers were carefully drawn exactly as the stamps were cut, and consequently look very black; in my newer drawings, however, I have in many cases only given the outlines of supporters, crests, helmets, and accessories generally, the effect of which is less heavy and equally useful for identification.

Armorial devices stamped on the outsides of books occur in England from the end of the fifteenth century onwards, and very fine examples are found of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries particularly. Towards the end of the seventeenth century the popularity of the book-stamp was diminished by the growth of the use of adhesive book-plates. It may be mentioned that, especially during the reign of Elizabeth, many fine armorial woodcuts are found in English books, the arms being generally those of the patron to whom the book was dedicated.

The succession of English Royal coats-of-arms on books is complete from the time of Henry VII. to that of Edward VII., and they will all be found in this book. The usual authorities for Royal armorials are great seals and coins, but the books which belonged to our sovereigns supply an equally fine and equally accurate collection. Every change of bearings, supporters, mottoes or badges is duly represented, and there are very few old private libraries in England which have not some Royal books[Pg 3] upon their shelves. These books have either been given away by the sovereigns themselves, or acquired as official perquisites.

With regard to the identification of coats-of-arms or crests on books, this is a process of exhaustion, and it will be found easiest to begin with accessories, if there are any. These accessories are found either as augmentations on the shield or additions outside it, and by their help it is often easy to narrow down the limits within which the owner must come. By the help of coronets it is possible to fix the exact rank of the owner, and this alone, together with the date of the book, ought to make the identification easy, by help of a Peerage of the same date.

The decorations which surround a shield are often of great use; the coat-of-arms and coronet of an Earl, for instance, may be easily identified, but there may nevertheless be three or four persons who succeeded each other rapidly, and bore the same coat, to whom the book may have belonged. But round such a coat perhaps there is the Garter, or the collar of the Bath, or the insignia of some other order, and this will very likely decide which Earl was the actual owner.

The date of the printing of a book is of some use, if everything else fails, but it must be understood that as a rule it only means that the binding belonged to somebody at a later date. Even that is not quite certain, because[Pg 4] old stamped bindings have too often been transferred to newer books. Such a transfer would be evident to a binder, but it may well deceive any one else.

The large majority of the stamps illustrated herewith are in the British Museum, but I have included a few in private ownership, and to these owners my sincere thanks are due for their kindness in allowing me to copy the various coats. I have in every case mentioned this private ownership, and where such mention is not found the book from which the drawing has been made is in the British Museum, either in the Department of Printed Books or in the Department of Manuscripts.

Heraldry is of military origin, but its decorative side, and the various exact rules which govern it, were probably brought into use during the Middle Ages, in connection with the frequent Tournaments which were governed by strict rules. The ceremonies to be followed at the Tournaments were very closely laid down; heralds as well as their assistants of all sorts came into much prominence, and personal insignia acquired an importance they have never had since. Even now there are a few signs of ancient personal heraldry existing in our army; crests and tartans of private families may be found among the Highland regiments, but the modern tendency, especially since the late war in South Africa, has been to abolish such peculiarities.

To Blazon is to describe the different divisions and[Pg 5] bearings on a coat-of-arms in proper sequence and in heraldic language, so that an heraldic artist can, from the description, draw and colour the coat correctly.

The colours of shields and bearings ought to be given in every case, either of blazon or illustration; but as this is not always convenient, two methods of indicating colours have been adopted. The first is known as Trick, and in this manner colours were marked until the seventeenth century.

In Trick the colours or tinctures are indicated by letters, and they are described in Gerard Legh's Accedens of Armory, London, 1562, as follows:—

The letters are put either in the spaces or on the charges to which they refer, or they may be found in the margin with a directing line drawn to the proper place.

Several other methods of indicating colour by means of black and white lines laid in certain directions have been tried, but they have all failed to stand the test of time except that invented by an Italian Jesuit Father, Silvestro Petra Sancta, who lived in the seventeenth century. His method is figured and described in a[Pg 6] book he wrote and illustrated on Italian coats-of-arms. It is a very useful book, because the coats are arranged according to the devices upon them. It is in fact an illustrated ordinary of Italian arms, Tesserae Gentilitiae, Romae, 1638.

These are still the commonest colours, but a few more have been added since; they are, however, rarely used.

Besides the metals and the colours a few furs are used in heraldry; the two most usual of these are Ermine and Vair. Ermine is white and shows little conventional[Pg 7] spots on it, which represent the black tips of the tails of the same animal.

Vair is supposed to represent little grey squirrel skins spread out and arranged touching each other. It is coloured blue and white.

The heraldic lines, dots, and furs should be learnt, as they must be understood and are continually met with in heraldic works of late date. The tincture lines do not show on English Royal book-stamps until the time of George II., and on earlier book-stamps the want of any indication of colour is a great element of doubt in the attribution of coats-of-arms to particular persons, in the absence of assistance from marks outside the shields, coronets, helmets, crests, and the like.

An heraldic heiress is a lady whose father is armigerous but leaves no son. In such a case the lady's coat, if she married, would be shown on an escutcheon of Pretence placed in the centre of her husband's coat, and may be shown as a quartering on the coats-of-arms of her children.

Marshalling is the manner and method of conjoining divers arms upon one shield according to heraldic precedent and usage; it is an exact process.

The marshalling of the many family coats which may be inherited through marriages with heraldic heiresses is often a very elaborate and difficult matter. The rules, however, for such marshalling are well known and logical. A very good summary of this important part of a herald's duty can be found in Mr. A. C. Fox Davies's Art of Heraldry, in the chapter on Marshalling. A coat-of-arms is, however, sometimes found with many quarterings which only show the successive alliances, but in such a case the facts should always be stated. In default of such explanation the existence of the proper heraldic heiress rights must always be presumed.

When a man quarters the coat-of-arms of an ancestral heiress, he has also the right to use the crest belonging to it. The right of bearing a crest, although not allowed to ladies, seems to be latent in them, as it can be inherited through them, if heiresses, by their male descendants. But in ordinary English usage it is usual[Pg 9] only to use one crest, except in the case of an assumption by Royal Licence of an additional surname, coat-of-arms, and crest. In German heraldry such quartered coats are usually accompanied by all their respective crests, which are placed along the top of the coat in an arched line, each on its proper helmet, and all facing inwards.

Distinctive personal marks on English shields are few; the commonest is the Ulster hand which is used as an augmentation by Baronets. The rank of Baronet, which is hereditary, was instituted by James I. in 1611. By the original Statutes of the Order, Baronets in order to qualify for the rank had to maintain "thirty soldiers three years at eightpence a day in the Province of Ulster in Ireland." A Baronet had to prove that he was a gentleman by birth and to possess property to the value of £1000 per annum.

The arms of Ulster are a red left hand appaumé on a silver ground, and the origin of this curious coat is said to be that on an Irish expedition for the acquisition of new territory in ancient days, the ancestor of the O'Neiles, finding that an adversary was reaching the coveted shore more quickly than he was, cut off his left hand, and threw it ashore, thereby establishing a "first landing" claim to the new territory. The claim was allowed, and so the successful chieftain became the first king of Ulster and the ancestor of the succeeding kings.

The Ulster hand, either with or without its silver[Pg 10] shield, usually shows either on the honour point in the centre of a shield, in the dexter chief, or in the centre chief, but there is no definite rule as to its position.

In 1625 a similar hereditary rank was instituted for Nova Scotia in North America, but since 1801 all Baronets have been "of the United Kingdom." The Baronets of Ulster and of the United Kingdom both use the Ulster hand as their symbol, borne upon their shield, but the Baronets of Nova Scotia indicate their rank in another way. The badge of a Baronet of Nova Scotia hangs from the base of his shield, suspended by a tawny ribbon; the badge is oval, and shows "argent, a saltire azure, thereon an inescutcheon of the arms of Scotland ensigned with an Imperial Crown, the whole encircled by a fillet on which are the words 'FAX MENTIS HONESTAE GLORIA.'"

Concerning the Knights of the English Langue of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Guillim says that they may wear "their Paternal coat armour insigned with this cross on the chief of their Paternal Coat." The cross he speaks of is, he says, that of Amadeus, Earl of Savoy (Gu., a cross argent), who fought in company with the Knights of St. John at the Siege of Acre in the thirteenth century, and, the Grand Master being slain, put on his dress and demeaned himself so gallantly that he was asked to allow the Order to adopt his coat-of-arms.

In the Charter of Incorporation of this Order granted[Pg 11] by Queen Victoria in 1888, it is ordained that "Knights of Justice may bear the Arms of the Order, viz. Gules, a cross argent embellished alternately in each of the principal angles with a Lion guardant and a Unicorn, both passant or," as a chief on their coat-of-arms. The lion and the unicorn were added to the then existing arms of the English Langue of the Order by George IV.

Knights of other Orders and Knights Bachelors do not, as such, use any augmentations on their shields.

Several forms of marks of cadency are given in the Book of St. Albans, printed in the fifteenth century, and many more had been used in mediæval times, but the manner of indicating cadency which has lasted until the present day is the only one that it is necessary to describe here.

In an old window at St. Mary's Church, Warwick, the six sons of the Earl of Warwick, who died in the thirty-fourth year of Edward III., are marked by the six following devices on their shields:—

The Royal Family all use labels as cadency marks, distinguished by charges upon them, or by the number of points, differences which are all specially granted, the eldest son always wearing a plain silver label of three points.

English coronets seem to have followed a definite line of development, but they were not actually settled as to their respective designs until the time of Charles II., at whose coronation all the ranks of the Peerage carried their respective coronets exactly in their present form.

At first coronets of rank were only circlets of metal, then on this circlet were put balls or "pearls" (as in the portrait of King Alfred on the Dowgate Hill brooch, or the coronet of a Baron or Viscount), then the pearls were[Pg 13] ornamentally tripled, and this trefoil soon turned into a leaf form (e.g. the coronet of an Earl or Marquis, alternately pearls and leaves), and finally leaves alone figure as the mark of the highest peerage rank of a subject (e.g. the coronet of a Duke, leaves only).

The Royal Crown has gone through a similar line of development, but in this case the trefoil has evolved into two different forms, that of the cross pattée, and that of the fleur-de-lys. These forms became fixed in the time of Henry VII., the existing crown of England being essentially of the same pattern as that then finally adopted, arches and all.

While fully appreciating the fact that the forms of modern coronets only date from the time of Charles II., it is still interesting to inquire by what methods peers of earlier date marked their dignity pictorially, and it seems that this was done by means of the use of a crest-chapeau, and the use of a helmet under it. But in sculpture certain forms of coronets also appear. Crowns and coronets are placed immediately upon the top of the shield. Over the crown or coronet comes the helmet, and over the helmet the crest.

The Royal Crown of England has followed a definite line of development, and, as mentioned above, it reached its present form in the time of Henry VII., but, curiously enough, on the only known book-stamp that is attributed to this king the crown is shown in a more ancient form,[Pg 14] that of a circlet ornamented with fleurs-de-lys of different sizes. The centre cross pattée on the English crown was not used before it was invented by Henry VI., and it first shows on his seal for foreign affairs.

The Royal Crown of England now has upon the circlet four crosses pattée and four fleurs-de-lys, and from the tops of the crosses rise two complete arches, bearing a mound and cross at their point of junction. The Stuart crowns often show two more arches, rising from the tops of the fleurs-de-lys, and this peculiarity was lately shown on the diamond crown made for the coronation of Queen Alexandra. The Royal crowns are richly jewelled.

The coronet of the Prince of Wales is the same as the crown of the Sovereign, except that it has only one arch and no jewels. The single arch was granted, for the future, by Charles II.; before that the princely coronet had no arch. The older form of this coronet can still be seen on the Prince of Wales's badge of three ostrich feathers, which are held together by a coronet of the old shape. The three feathers are said to have been the badge of John, King of Bohemia, who was killed by the Black Prince at Crécy in 1346. The motto "Ich Dien" also belonged to the King of Bohemia.

The coronets of younger children of the Sovereign are the same as that of the Prince of Wales, but without the arch.

The coronets of Princes, grandchildren of the Sovereign, are the same as those of the younger children of the Sovereign, except that the two outer crosses pattée are replaced by strawberry leaves.

Charles II. settled all these matters as they now are, and also ordained that Princes, grandchildren or nephews of the Sovereign, being also Dukes, should wear on their coronets four crosses pattée alternately with four strawberry leaves.

The Black Prince was the first English Duke. The title derives from Dux, a leader, and was, and still is, a sovereign title in many instances. The Black Prince was created a Duke in 1337 by his father Edward III. On the Prince's tomb at Canterbury he wears over his helmet a coronet which shows ten or more leaves on short pyramidal points rising from the circlet. The present ducal coronet is probably a survival of this form. The Black Prince's helmet with chapeau and crest is also preserved at Canterbury. On the tomb of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (1444), at Wimborne Minster, he is shown wearing a coronet set with several trefoils or leaves rising from the circlet. The same design shows in[Pg 16] Prince Arthur's Book (1501-2) at the College of Arms, where the banner of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, is ensigned with a coronet bearing several leaves resembling strawberry leaves.

At the coronation of Edward VII., the official description of a Duke's coronet is "of silver gilt, and on the circle eight strawberry leaves." Pictorially five of these leaves are shown.

The first English Marquis was Robert de Vere, created Marquis of Dublin by Richard II. in 1387. A Lord Marcher was a Governor or Ruler of the Marches, or Frontiers, but the dignity did not become hereditary until the fourteenth century. It was a position of much importance and responsibility. The coronet of a Marquis is nearly the same as that of a Duke, but each alternate leaf is turned into a silver ball or pearl.

At the coronation of Edward VII., the official description of a Marquis's coronet is "of silver gilt, and on the circle four gold strawberry leaves and four silver balls alternately, the latter a little raised on points above the rim." Pictorially three strawberry leaves and two pearls are shown.

The title of Earl, or Eorl, is one of Anglo-Saxon origin, and probably derived from the Danish Jarl. Eorls were warriors and had charge of shires, but by[Pg 17] the Normans they were called Counts. It is the oldest English title of nobility.

The Saxon form of name has, however, in this case, proved the most lasting, but the remains of the Norman nomenclature exist in the title of Countess, and also in the name County. The Earl or Shire man had his deputy, the Sheriff, and he became the Vice-count or "Viscount." Hugh Lupus, created Earl of Chester by the Conqueror, is said to have been the first properly constituted English hereditary Earl. The coronet worn by Henry Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, in the early fourteenth century, and which is said by Sandford to have been shown on the Earl's tomb in St. Paul's Cathedral, was a simple circlet; and so is that worn by William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, who died in the thirteenth century, on his tomb at Westminster.

Margaret, Countess of Richmond, the mother of Henry VII., wears, on her tomb at Westminster, a coronet with eight leaves and eight pearls on points; essentially the same form of a Countess's coronet as used now. But on her seal she uses a circlet from which rise alternately roses and fleurs-de-lys, five roses and four fleurs-de-lys, each on a short pyramidal point. This shows that at that time there was no definite pattern.

On the tomb, at Windsor, of Charles Somerset, Earl of Worcester, who died about the middle of the sixteenth[Pg 18] century, is a coronet with nine trefoils, or leaves, of equal size, and his son Henry, Earl of Worcester (d. 1549), on his tomb in the Parish Church at Chepstow, shows a coronet of leaves and pearls, all on short pyramidal stems, rising from the circlet. Except for the proportion of the stems this coronet is the same as that now used. At a little later date, in Elizabeth's reign, I think the Earl's coronet took definite shape, and, among others, it shows both on the seals of Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham, essentially in its present form.

At the coronation of Edward VII. the official description of an Earl's coronet is "of silver gilt, and on the circle eight silver balls raised upon points, with gold strawberry leaves between the points." Pictorially five points with pearls and four strawberry leaves are shown.

A Viscount is a Vicecomes, or deputy for a Count or Earl. The Earls have retained their Saxon name, but the Viscount has kept the Norman equivalent of their rank as Sheriffs. Both the Earl and his Viscount were originally county officials. Since 1441 the title has been one of hereditary rank. The first English Viscount was John, Viscount Beaumont, so created by Henry VI. The first English Viscount to wear a coronet was Robert, Lord Cecil of Effingdon, who was created[Pg 19] Viscount Cranbourn by James I. in 1605, and his coronet was essentially the same as is now used.

At the coronation of Edward VII., the official description of a Viscount's coronet is "of silver gilt and on the circle sixteen silver balls." Pictorially nine of these silver balls are shown.

The Barons are probably the modern representatives of the ancient Saxon Thanes. It is an old Norman name for the Thane, and it is found often enough in ancient documents. Guillim says that citizens of London were called "Barons Londonni," and in Domesday there is mention of Barons of Warwick. There were Barons of the Exchequer, and there are still the Barons of the Cinque Ports. But none of these were hereditary titles.

Edward III., however, created William de la Pole an hereditary Baron, and since that time the dignity has been generally hereditary. Baronies were at first held by Tenure, that is by reason of the existence of adequate territorial possessions, and Guillim says that this essential was forgone by Henry III., who created Barons by Writ. In later times, when the rank became hereditary, Baronies by Writ have been heritable through the female line, and because of this, Baronial titles have in many instances been held by several allied families, with different family names.

The coronet of a Baron was originally a plain circlet, but Charles II. ordained that in future there should be six balls upon it, and the Barons at his coronation wore such additional ornamentation. In Ireland, however, this form of Barons' coronets had already been fixed by James I.

At the coronation of Edward VII., the official description of a Baron's coronet is "of silver gilt and on the circle six silver balls at equal distances." Pictorially four silver balls are shown.

The coronet of a King-of-Arms is of silver gilt, and on the circlet is inscribed the words "MISERERE MEI DEUS SECUNDUM MAGNAM MISERICORDIAM TUAM," taken from the 51st Psalm. From the circlet rise alternately long and short oak leaves.

The Kings-of-Arms, Heralds, and Pursuivants were incorporated as a College by Richard III. in 1483, and Derby House in the city, now the College of Arms, was given to them as their headquarters in 1555. Kings-of-Arms wore coronets from the beginning; a portrait of William Bruges, the first Garter King-of-Arms, in 1420, in an illuminated manuscript, shows him wearing a coronet on which are four trefoils, or leaves, upon short pyramidal stems. On the grant of arms of the Tallow Chandlers' Company, John Smert,[Pg 21] Garter King-of-Arms in 1456, is shown wearing a coronet on which are three leaves and two pearls or balls. Sir William Dugdale, Garter King-of-Arms during the latter half of the seventeenth century, wore a coronet with twelve oak leaves of equal height on the circlet, on which there was no inscription. The coronet as now used was probably first decided upon early in the eighteenth century.

Heralds and Kings-of-Arms are entitled to surround their arms with the ancient collar of SS. The same honour is allowed to the Serjeants-at-Arms and several of the Judges.

Imitation jewels are repoussé upon the circlets of all these coronets, except those of Barons and Heralds. No English crowns or coronets, except those worn by the Sovereign or the Queen Consort, have any real jewels upon them.

Crowns and coronets are only officially worn in England on the occasion of the coronation, and then with the ordered coronation dress. They are put on when the crown is put upon the head of the Sovereign. But if they are held over the head of the owner it appears to be sufficient, as in Sir George Hayter's beautiful picture of the coronation of Queen Victoria, the Duchess of Cambridge is shown with a Lady-in-Waiting holding her coronet over her head. The Duchess was wearing a very handsome diamond tiara[Pg 22] which, no doubt, she considered more becoming than her coronet.

Crowns and coronets are properly depicted without any cap within them, but when they are worn it is always over the Peer's cap, known variously as a Cap of Estate, of Maintenance, or of Dignity. The same cap is also used in many early instances as a crest-chapeau. The cap is the same for all ranks, from the Sovereign to the King-of-Arms; it consists of a red velvet cap lined with white silk and turned up with miniver, which is white ermine fur having small dots or tufts of black horsehair sewn into it at intervals. At the top is an ornamental gold button, with fringes of gold thread.

The earliest figure of a cap of this sort can be seen on the Black Prince's helmet over his tomb at Canterbury; it has been painted red and miniver, but is now in a very bad condition. The crest stands upon it.

The Cap of Estate, without any crown or coronet over it, is worn by the Sovereign on the way to the coronation, and it is also generally borne on a cushion by one of the great officers of State when the Sovereign is present in State or Semi-State. It is carried by the Marquis of Winchester or his representative. Peers used such caps pictorially before they showed coronets, and on[Pg 23] fifteenth and sixteenth century seals the Cap of Estate marks a high rank. It commonly shows on the seals of Dukes and Earls in conjunction with a helmet. The chapeau in early times seems to end in two swallow-tails, but now it is worn round. As a crest support in modern times it is rarely granted, but there still remain a few instances of its use.

Although it is correct to depict coronets without the Cap of Estate, it is also correct to show them with it. In the latter case the miniver turn-up comes just below the lower rim of the circlet. It is a common mistake to show the miniver turn-up without the velvet Cap above it, which is obviously absurd.

In the absence of a crown or coronet the Helmet rests directly on the upper part of a shield. In fifteenth and sixteenth century seals it shows very large in comparison with the coat-of-arms, and so does the crest; the helmet often shows the guige or shield belt, and the shield often hangs couchée or sideways. The Helmet, so says Guillim, is the true mark of English nobility, and it certainly shows as such on seals dating from the fourteenth until about the end of the sixteenth century, when rank coronets began to be used instead of, or together with, a corresponding form of helmet.

From the early seventeenth century the shapes and metals of the helmets denoting rank have been clearly laid down, and they are as follows:—

On the Helmet, between it and the crest support, comes the mantling, the survival of the helmet cover torn in war, and showing in strips, now ornamentally treated. The main metals and colours of the coat-of-arms should be repeated in the mantling.

To wear a crest at a Tournament implied more social status than the possession of a shield, and in the latter part of the fourteenth century all great nobles were very careful to display their crests, but lesser gentry had to be[Pg 25] content with their shields only. In early visitations coats-of-arms were frequently granted without crest at all.

Later, in Jacobean times, crests were sometimes given to persons already bearing arms, and they became commoner. Whenever ancestral coats-of-arms are quartered with a given coat, the corresponding crests may also be worn, but in English usage this is rarely done. In the event, however, of an additional surname being adopted by Royal Licence, with the corresponding coat-of-arms and crest, the second crest is commonly used; but it is very rare in English Heraldry to show more than two crests.

Crests are undoubtedly derived from the fact that in the days of Armour, Knights were completely covered up and required some evident mark by which they could be recognised. To meet this difficulty a coloured device set on the top of a man's helmet offered an obvious and ornamental solution. Such a crest was strictly personal; the retainers of a Knight wore his badge and his colours, but never his crest. The modern use of livery colours and badges can be well seen in the case of the Beefeaters at the Tower. Very ancient helmets were sometimes ornamentally coloured.

The crest "Crista," a cockscomb, was often of a fan or cockscomb shape on the top of a helmet, but gradually it assumed more distinguishing peculiarities. On the Great Seal of Richard I., on the equestrian side, a cocks[Pg 26]comb crest shows on the King's helmet, with a lion of England on the flat base of it. The whole coat-of-arms sometimes shows on the Fan crest, as it does in the crest of the City of London. The original Fan, however, in this instance, has become curiously modified into the shape of a dragon's wing.

Crests are carried on some sort of support; those usually found are one or other of the following:—

On a crest-chapeau, the old cap of maintenance, dignity, or of estate. It was, and is, usually used by persons of high rank. The earliest remaining example of the use of the crest-chapeau is in Canterbury Cathedral, and a model of one is there on the helmet of the Black Prince, over his tomb. The cap is of red velvet turned up with miniver; it is not a round cap like its modern representative, but is of an elongated shape, ending in two swallow-tails.

Issuing from an heraldic coronet showing three strawberry leaves, the colour of the coronet being exemplified in the official grant. This coronet does not appear to have any meaning.

Issuing from a Mural coronet, sometimes granted to Army officers.

Issuing from a Naval coronet, sometimes granted to Naval officers.

On a fillet or twisted torse of the chief metal and chief colour of the coat-of-arms with which it is used. This fillet is the commonest crest support, and the others, chapeau or coronet, are themselves sometimes set upon a torse. It should be stated in the grant.

Crests are of very ancient use; marks of dignity worn upon the head are among the earliest signs of chieftainship used by mankind. A savage chief would readily wear a rare bird's feather in his head as a mark of dignity,[Pg 27] or even his own hair matted into particular forms, as the Zulus still do. As for feathers, we still wear them on our heads as indications of rank; they can be found on the ceremonial hats of all the great Orders of Knighthood, on the hats of the Staff of our army as well as on several Regimental head-dresses, and on the hats of our Civil Servants.

Knights and Companions, or Esquires, of Orders of Knighthood show the badge or badges of the Order or Orders to which they belong suspended from the proper ribbon from the base of their shields. Medals are seldom so shown. Knights Commanders of Orders of Knighthood usually, in addition, surround their coats-of-arms with the ribbon and motto of their senior Order. From this ribbon may depend the badges of all the Orders to which the Knight belongs. Knights Grand Cross may further surround their coats-of-arms with the collars of any or all the Orders having collars to which they belong, the badge of each depending from its proper collar. When several collars are shown they are sometimes halved, each badge always being so arranged as to hang from a link of its own collar.

Many officials besides those already mentioned are entitled to show emblems of their office outside their shields, but few of these show on book-stamps. An instance, however, may be seen on one of the stamps used by Samuel Pepys, where he shows two anchors[Pg 28] behind his shield as a mark of his position as Secretary to the Admiralty. In the same way Field-Marshals are entitled to place crossed batons behind their shields.

Clergymen of high rank sometimes ensign their coats-of-arms with a Mitre, but as non-combatants they use no crests. Archbishops and Bishops impale the Arms of their See with their own paternal coats, the official coat taking the dexter position. Deans also and lesser ecclesiastical dignitaries in many cases impale their family coats with an official one, in the same way.

The origin of Supporters to coats-of-arms is a matter upon which there is much difference of opinion. It is probable that as now used they are partly of utilitarian and partly of decorative origin. Badges and charges on coats-of-arms have often developed into Supporters. Henry VIII., in 1528, borrowed one of the lions of England from his coat-of-arms and adopted him as a Dexter Supporter, a dignity he has retained ever since.

At Tournaments, before the combatants entered the Lists their banners and shields were displayed and held by retainers or pages. These serving-men were dressed in their Lord's livery or in some fancy dress. So that a Knight's shield would be recognised not only by the devices upon it, but also by the colours and appearance of its Supporter.

Many foreign shields, and ancient English ones also, show only one Supporter, and it is likely enough that when pictorial heraldry began generally to show Supporters, a second Supporter was often added for the sake of uniformity alone. In King Arthur's Book at the College of Arms, illuminated quite early in the sixteenth century, banners are shown with only one Supporter holding them up.

Supporters were regularly used by persons of high rank from early in the fifteenth century; they carry on them any marks of cadency which may be on the shield to which they belong. The right to use Supporters depends upon the wording of the grant of Arms concerned. Practically they are now seldom granted except to Peers. In the past, however, many commoners have been granted Supporters for their coats-of-arms, by Royal Warrant, and some of these are hereditary. This is a point which would be specified in the grant, and without such specification the Supporters would not be hereditary.

Supporters have at present no defined status, they indicate no rank; but the tendency now is to restrict their use, and it is quite probable that some day they will become actual evidences of Peerage rank, as they probably originally were. No list of English Heraldic Supporters has yet been published.

Mottoes largely derive from War-cries. In England they are not mentioned in grants of arms, and very rarely in visitation books. Mottoes are not hereditary, but can be changed at the will of any armigerous person. Officers of arms will record mottoes by request, provided they do not infringe any existing rights.

In Scotland, however, mottoes are recognised officially; they are subject to grant, and their position with regard to the coat-of-arms or crest to which they belong is specified. Heraldic mottoes appear to have been used in England in the sixteenth century; they show on some of the Garter Plates at Windsor. Mottoes often accompanied badges, and in many cases they may have been transferred from them to the coat-of-arms or to the crest.

The motto "Dieu et Mon Droit" was adopted by Edward III., in allusion to his claim to the Throne of France. In 1801, on the Legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland, the title of King of France, as well as the coat-of-arms of France which had appeared on the English coat-of-arms ever since the time of Edward III., was discontinued, but the motto has been retained and is still used. Useful lists of English mottoes are given in several editions of Burke's Peerage, and in the 1905 edition of Fairbairn's Crests.

Some elementary knowledge of heraldic terms and bearings must be acquired before it is possible to use any[Pg 31] of the ordinaries, or lists of coats-of-arms, arranged according to the divisions of shields and the bearings upon them.

Fortunately the primary and, at the same time, the most important divisions of a shield are few and easily learnt. They had originally a structural origin, and although I begin with a line in my analysis, it is likely that the charges were originally first; for instance, a red scarf tied across the top of a shield would develop heraldically into "a chief gu." In the same way a red scarf tied from top to bottom of an iron shield would become heraldically "sa., a pale gu." and so on. There are now proper proportions for all these charges, but in practice they are not strictly adhered to.

A large number of coats are not divided up at all, but are simply charged with bearings that may be easily identified if the colours are known; such coats have frequently animal forms upon them, a Lion rampant or an Eagle displayed, or more than one animal arranged in a certain order. Such coats can generally be easily found in an Ordinary, but the colour in old seals and on old books is seldom given, and this often makes any unsupported identification very doubtful.

The shield may be divided by a centre perpendicular line from top to bottom; this is called division per Pale, and when the dividing line is thickened it becomes a charge, and[Pg 32] is described "a Pale." A husband impales his wife's coat with his own, on the sinister side, except when the lady is an heraldic heiress, when her coat will be found on an escutcheon of Pretence in the centre of her husband's shield. Children of such a marriage are entitled to quarter their mother's coat with their paternal coat. They can also use any ancestral quarterings to which their mother was entitled.

When a shield is divided by a central horizontal line it is said to be divided per Fess, and when the dividing line is thickened it becomes a charge and is called "a Fess." Several small fesses are called bars, or the shield may be described as "Barry."

If the perpendicular pale and the horizontal fess lines are combined, a shield becomes "Quartered" or "Quarterly," and if these lines are thickened we get the Cross, of which there are several varieties, e.g. cross pattée, with the ends flattened out like feet; cross crosslet with each end crossed by a little bar; cross moline with double-pointed ends; cross fleury with triple-pointed ends, and so on. If a shield is covered all over with reduplications of the quartering lines, so as to be divided into a number[Pg 33] of little squares, or quarterings, it is said to be chequy or compony.

When a shield is divided diagonally, either from right to left, or from left to right, which must be specified, it is said to be per Bend, dexter or sinister, as the case may be. If either of these lines is thickened so as to become a charge it is called "a Bend" (dexter or sinister). If the dexter and sinister dividing Bend lines are combined, a division per Saltire is the result, and if these lines are thickened so as to become a charge, it is called "a Saltire." If the upper triangle in the Saltire is drawn down into a narrow point and forms a charge, it is called "a Pile." There may be several of these, and their number, position, and colour are always stated. If the Saltire lines are repeated so as to cover the entire shield with diamond-shaped spaces, it is said to be Lozengy, and if these lines are thickened so as to become charges, it is called Fretty, and the little bars are interlaced.

If now the dividing lines of a quartered coat and those of a coat divided per Saltire be combined, we get a division known as Gyronny, common in Scottish heraldry.

If a shield is divided by an angular line in a gable form, the two lowest lines of a division per Saltire, it is called per Chevron, and if this line is thickened so as to become a charge, it is called a Chevron.

When a third part of the top of a shield is marked off by a horizontal line it forms what is called a Chief, and when the top left-hand corner is marked off as a small square, measuring about a third of the chief, it is called a Canton, and is often an honourable augmentation to a coat-of-arms, granted for some distinguished service.

When a shield has a narrow border all round it, it is called a Bordure, and this is also often an honourable augmentation, difference, or mark of cadency on a family coat-of-arms.

The boundary lines of all these charges are normally straight, but they may also be either

Charges are usually placed on shields in certain positions which follow one or other of the main lines of division which have just been enumerated.

For instance, the three lions of England are arranged one under the other, on an imaginary line running from the top to the bottom of the shield. If such a broad line existed it would be called a Pale, so the lions are said to be "In, or Per Pale." Similarly, they might be arranged "In Fess" or "In Bend," and so on.

Roundels in colour, which should be shown as hemispherical. They doubtless represent the bosses on a shield. The metal roundels, however, the Bezant of gold, and the Plate of silver, no doubt represent coins, and are shown flat; and that Cadency marks may correctly be represented, as in relief on a shield.

Heraldic charges are numerous, and if any prolonged investigation is likely to be required their names and forms will have to be learnt. But a few of the commoner charges may well be explained here, as such explanation may possibly in many cases save a long search.

A Dragon is a monster with scales all over him; he has four legs ending in eagle's talons and a spear-head at the end of his tail, his wings are like the wings of a bat, with a claw at the end of each rib.

A Griffin has the head, front legs, and wings of an eagle, and the hind-quarters of a lion.

A Wyvern has a dragon's head and wings, with two eagle's legs, his tail is curled round itself and ends in a spear-point. He is scaly all over.

A Cockatrice is a Wyvern with a cock's head.

A Basilisk is a cockatrice with its tail ending in a dragon's head.

A Lion shows one eye, one ear, and stands upon one foot, rampant. He has a mane, and his tail has a tuft at the end, and he shows no spots. If a lion is otherwise depicted it must be mentioned in the blazon. A lion showing two eyes and two ears is a lion "Leopardé."

A Leopard shows two eyes and two ears; he has no mane and his tail is not tufted. He should show spots and be "nowhere shaggy." If he only shows one eye and one ear he is a leopard "Lionné."

Most of the other animals explain themselves, but there are a few curious charges, no doubt survivals of common forms, which also retain their ancient heraldic names, and these forms and names are useful to re[Pg 37]member; among them the following occur perhaps most frequently:—

Heraldic Shields changed their forms at different periods, but it is not necessary to trouble much about that here, as coats-of-arms on books are always simple in shape. But it may be noted that unmarried ladies or widows show their arms in the form of a Lozenge. Guillim says, "This form is derived from the fusil, or spindle for yarn, single women being called spinsters."[Pg 38] The lozenge is an inconvenient form, and it is broadened out whenever possible. When a wife's coat is shown on an escutcheon of Pretence in the centre of her husband's shield, it loses its lozenge form.

In view of a possible second volume in continuation of the present, I should feel most grateful if any librarians or owners of libraries will send me rubbings of any more coats-of-arms on books that they know of. To make a rubbing, from which I can make a drawing, is quite easy. A piece of soft paper should be used, and kept from slipping by a weight. Put the paper carefully over the stamped part of the book, and then with the finger gently press the paper down into the stamped leather. When the design can just be distinguished, rub over the paper, without letting it slip, with an H.B. pencil cut to a broad round point, and it will be found that in this way, with a little practice, every line and dot in a stamp will show quite clearly. The impressed lines on the leather will show as white on the rubbing. From such a rubbing a drawing can be made. Besides the rubbing, I should also like a copy of the title of the book, and the name of the owner or library to which it belongs.

I am aware that many of my attributions of coats in the following pages are open to criticism, and I shall be very grateful if any of my readers can correct any of them with authority. At the end of the book I have given[Pg 39] a short list of the books of reference, heraldic and biographical, which I have found of most service in the compilation of this book, and I gratefully record my indebtedness to them all.

Coats-of-Arms

ABBOT, GEORGE, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY

George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 29th October 1562, died 4th August 1633), was a native of Guildford, and took orders in 1585, afterwards becoming a tutor at Oxford, where he was also a Fellow of Balliol. He was a strong Puritan and a popular preacher at St. Mary's.

In 1597, Abbot was elected Master of University College, and in 1599[Pg 42] he became Dean of Winchester and also Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford. He wrote several treatises on the religious questions of his time, and enjoyed the personal esteem of James I., who thought very highly of him as a theologian and as a politician.

The King's favour showed in the rapid promotion of Dr. Abbot. In 1609 he was consecrated Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, and later in the same year he was translated to London. In the next year, on the death of Archbishop Bancroft, Abbot was made Archbishop of Canterbury. Dr. Abbot had no sinecure in his Archbishopric, and his many enemies and the troubled state of theological matters generally left him but little peace. In 1621, when shooting with a crossbow at a buck, he accidentally killed a gamekeeper, and this not only preyed much upon his mind, but it also offered a handle for his detractors, especially those among the clergy, many of whom held that homicide rendered him unfit for his high position.

On the death of James I. Royal favour deserted the Archbishop, as Charles I. never appears to have thought well of him. In 1627, on more or less unjust pretexts, he suffered sequestration of his office, and a commission was appointed to exercise the Archiepiscopal functions, and Abbot retired to his native town, Guildford, where he died in 1633. Many of his books remain in the Library at Lambeth Palace.

ABROL

Arms.—Per pale or and gu., three roundels interchanged, a crescent for difference.

Probably belonged to the Library of a member of the Worcestershire family of Abrol.

ALBERT OF SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA, PRINCE CONSORT OF QUEEN VICTORIA

The initial "A" within the garter and ensigned with the Ducal Crown of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

Prince Albert (born 26th August 1819, died 14th December 1861) was the second son of Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. He married Queen Victoria at St. James's, 16th February 1840, and was all his life a Patron of the Arts and of Literature, and the International Exhibition of 1851 is said to have been originally thought of by him.

Prince Albert's books were kept at one or other of the Royal Palaces, and few of them are anywhere else.

ANNE (BULLEN), QUEEN CONSORT OF HENRY VIII.

The first three of these coats were granted to Anne Bullen by Henry VIII., when he created her Marchioness of Pembroke. The paternal coat of Bullen, "Arg., a chevron gules, between three bulls' heads sa.," is omitted.

The shield is ensigned with the Royal Crown of England, and supported by two angels.

[Whittington. De octo partibus orationis. Londini [1521], and other Sixteenth-Century Tracts.]

Anne Bullen, or Boleyn (born 1507, died 19th May 1536), was the daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormonde, of Hever Castle in Kent. She was maid of honour to Catherine of Aragon, Queen of Henry VIII., and while acting in this capacity she attracted the attention of the king, who decided that he would marry her if he could get rid of Queen Catherine.

[Pg 47]

Consequently, after many difficulties, a divorce was arranged, and Henry married Anne Bullen in 1532, and she was crowned Queen in 1533. Queen Elizabeth was her only child.

In 1536 the Queen was indicted of high treason, and on 19th May of the same year she was beheaded. Some of the books bearing Queen Anne Bullen's arms form part of the old Royal library in the British Museum; the stamp is impressed in blind, without gold, and with it is often associated one or other of the panel stamps having the coat-of-arms of Henry VIII.

ANNE OF DENMARK, QUEEN CONSORT OF JAMES I.

Arms.—A cross gu., surmounted of another arg. Frederick II., King of Denmark and Norway.

Dexter canton: Or, semé of hearts ppr., 3 lions passant guardant az., crowned or. Denmark.

Sinister canton: Gu., a lion rampant, crowned or, holding in his paws a battle-axe arg. Norway.

Dexter base: Az., 3 crowns ppr. Sweden.

Sinister base: Or, 9 hearts, 4, 3, and 2, gu., in chief a lion passant guardant az. Gothes.

In base: Gu., a wyvern, wings expanded and tail nowed or. The Vandals.

An escutcheon of Pretence, quarterly;

1. Or, 2 lions passant guardant az. Sleswick.

[Pg 49]

2. Gu., an inescutcheon having a nail fixed in every point thereof in triangle, between as many holly leaves, all arg. Holstein.

3. Gu., a swan, wings close arg. Stormer.

4. Az., a chevalier armed at all points, brandishing his sword, his helmet plumed, upon a courser arg., trapped or. Ditzmers.

Over the whole an inescutcheon per pale—

Dexter: Az., a cross formée fitchée or. Dalmenhurst.

Sinister: Or, 2 bars gu. Oldenburg.

Anne of Denmark (born 12th December 1574, died 1619), Queen Consort of James I., King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, was the daughter of Frederick II., King of Denmark and Norway. The alliance between the Danish Princess and James VI. of Scotland was not agreeable to Queen Elizabeth, but in spite of her opposition the marriage took place in 1589 at Upslo. In 1590 the king and queen returned to Scotland, and in 1603, on the death of Queen Elizabeth, they came to England.

Queen Anne was a great patron of Progresses, Pageants, and Masques, and is said to have been a beautiful dancer. She was very extravagant, and incurred much censure for running into debt, although her allowances were very liberal. At one period Queen Anne was suspected of leanings towards the Roman Catholic religion. She objected to the marriage, ultimately of the greatest importance, of her daughter Elizabeth to Frederick V., Elector Palatine of the Rhine, on the ground that his position was not high enough, but she attended the marriage in 1612.

Several of her books are among the old Royal collection presented to the British Museum in 1757.

ANNE, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

The Royal name ensigned with a Royal Crown, and the motto "Vivat Regina" upheld by two cherubs.

Queen Anne (born 10th May 1655, died 1st August 1714) was the second daughter of James II. and Anne Hyde, daughter of Edward Hyde, first Earl of Clarendon. She succeeded her cousin, William III., on the throne of England in 1702. Queen Anne was the last of the Stuart line to occupy the throne of England.

The first coat-of-arms used by Queen Anne was the same as that generally used by her predecessor, but without the arms of Nassau, that is to say, first and fourth grand quarters, France and England quarterly; second grand quarter, Scotland; and third grand quarter, Ireland. In 1702 a notice was published in the London Gazette to the effect that "wheresoever there shall be occasion to embroider, depict, grave, carve, or paint Her Majesty's Royal Arms with a motto, this Motto following, viz. Semper eadem, is to be used" (23rd December). It will be remembered that this motto had been previously used by Queen Elizabeth.

The Legislative Union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland took place on Thursday, 6th March 1706, when the royal assent was given to the Act. A change in the Royal coat-of-arms took place in consequence of this Act, and for the remainder of the reign of Queen Anne (1706-1714) the first and fourth grand quarters contained the coats of England and Scotland impaled, in the manner used to denote husband and wife; the second grand quarter, France; and the third grand quarter, Ireland. Besides the coat-of-arms, the crowned initials and name of Queen Anne were frequently stamped upon her books, and some of her book-stamps appear to have been designed by foreigners.

Queen Anne's books came to the British Museum with the rest of the old Royal Library of England in 1757.

ASTLE, THOMAS

Crest.—On a chapeau, a plume of five feathers in a case arg. banded gu., and environed with a ducal coronet or.

Thomas Astle (born 22nd December 1735, died 1st December 1803) was a book collector and antiquary, and a native of Yoxall in Staffordshire. In 1783 he was appointed Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London, where his literary tastes stood him in good stead, and he edited and indexed the treasures which were under his care with energy and success; he was also a Trustee of the British Museum.

Astle wrote several important works; perhaps the most useful of them are the Catalogue of the MSS. in the Cottonian Library, and a treatise on the Origin and Progress of Writing. His printed books now belong to the library of the Royal Institution, and his collection of Manuscripts is kept at the British Museum. This important collection belonged successively to the Marquis of Buckingham at Stowe, and then to the Earl of Ashburnham, who sold it in 1883 to the Trustees of the British Museum.

Mr. Astle was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries.

AYLMER, MATTHEW, 1st BARON AYLMER

Arms.—Arg., a cross sa., between four Cornish Choughs of the second. Aylmer.

Matthew Aylmer (born 1660 (?), died 18th August 1720) was a sailor who took part in the Battle of La Hogue. He subsequently became Rear-Admiral of Great Britain and Governor of Chelsea Hospital. In 1718 he was created Baron Aylmer of Balrath in Meath.

BACON, FRANCIS, BARON VERULAM AND VISCOUNT ST. ALBANS

Crest.—A boar passant erm., armed and hoofed or, a crescent for difference. Bacon.

Francis Bacon (born 22nd January 1561, died 9th April 1626) was a son of Sir Nicolas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Seals to Queen Elizabeth. He went to Cambridge at the age of thirteen and studied law.

In 1595 he was elected Member of Parliament for Middlesex, but presently fell upon evil times and, among other troubles, managed to offend the Queen by some of his writings. James I., however, restored him to Royal favour. In 1619 he became Lord Chancellor, and shortly afterwards was created Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans. Bacon's enemies presently prevailed against him again, and his own malpractices with regard to various judicial matters gave them the opportunity of ruining him. In spite of the king's favour and efforts in his behalf, in[Pg 57] 1621 Bacon was ordered to pay a fine of £40,000 for his misdeeds; he was adjudged to be incapable of sitting in Parliament or to accept any public office under the Crown, neither was he to be permitted to live in any place where the Royal Court might be. He was, moreover, condemned to be kept a prisoner in the Tower of London during the king's pleasure.

In 1625, when Charles I. came to the throne of England, all these judgments were reversed and Bacon was rehabilitated, but did not live much longer to enjoy his honours.

BAGOT, RT. HON. SIR CHARLES, KNIGHT

Decoration.—The collar and badge of a Knight Grand Cross (civil) of the Order of the Bath, with the motto "Tria juncta in uno."

Sir Charles Bagot (born 23rd September 1781, died 19th May 1843) was the second son of William, first Baron Bagot, who for many years represented Stafford in the House of Commons.

Sir Charles had an important political and diplomatic career; he was a Privy Councillor and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. In 1807 he was Under-Secretary of State for Foreign affairs, and acted as Minister Plenipotentiary both to France and to the United States of America.

In 1841 Sir Charles Bagot was governor of Canada, and at different times he held the posts of Ambassador to Russia, the Netherlands, and to Austria.

BATEMAN, WILLIAM, VISCOUNT BATEMAN

Arms.—On a fess sa., between three muscovy ducks ppr., a rose of the field. Bateman. All within a fillet bearing the legend "Tria juncta in uno," being the motto of the Order of the Bath; dependent from the fillet is the badge of the same Order.

William Bateman (born circ. 1680, died December 1744) was the son of Sir James Bateman, Lord Mayor of London in 1717.

Mr. Bateman was twice Member of Parliament for Leominster, and in 1725 was created Viscount Bateman in the Peerage of Ireland. In 1731 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath.

BAYNTUN, WILLIAM

Probably the arms of William Bayntun, who was Consul-General at Algiers in the latter half of the eighteenth century. His son Henry became an Admiral and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1839.

BEATON, JAMES, ARCHBISHOP OF GLASGOW

Arms.—On a Bishop's cross. Quarterly, first and fourth, arg., a fess between three mascles or; second and third arg., a chevron sa., charged with an otter's head erased of the first. Beaton. At the base of the shield, the fish of Glasgow holding a ring in its mouth.

James Beaton (born 1517, died 1603) was a son of John Beaton of Balfour, Fife. He was a man of high character and much esteemed both in Scotland and in France, where circumstances caused him to spend a considerable portion of his life. Beaton acted as Ambassador from Scotland at the French Court, and lived in Paris at the Scots College, an Institution of which he was very proud, and to which he bequeathed the greater part of his fortune.

Beaton also took a leading part in the politics of his time, and was a staunch friend to Mary Queen of Scots. In 1552 he was, in Paris, consecrated Archbishop of Glasgow, and he also held several important ecclesiastical preferments in France.

BENNET, HENRY, EARL OF ARLINGTON

Arms.—Within the Garter. Gu., a bezant between three demi lions rampant arg. Bennet.

Henry Bennet (born 1618, died 20th July 1685) was the second son of Sir John Bennet of Dawley in Middlesex. He was an excellent scholar and linguist, and a skilled diplomatist, especially in foreign affairs, but his standard of political morality does not appear to have been a very high one.

Bennet was a favourite of Charles II. for a long time, and the king honoured him highly. He was made Keeper of the Privy Purse, and[Pg 64] Secretary of State in 1662; next year he was created Baron Arlington. In 1672 he was made a Knight of the Garter and Earl of Arlington, in 1674 Lord Chamberlain of the Household, and in 1675 a Lord of the Admiralty.

Arlington was a member of the Cabal Ministry; in 1674 he was impeached for his promotion of popery, breach of trust, and other misdeeds, but the vote of censure was lost. In 1674 he sold his secretaryship to Sir Joseph Williamson, and retired, more or less in disgrace, to his estate at Euston in Suffolk, where he had built a splendid house. Here he died in 1685.

BERKELEY, ROBERT

Robert Berkeley (born 1713, died 20th December 1804) was a son of Thomas Berkeley of Spetchley in Worcestershire. He wrote several anonymous treatises, both political and theological, on questions of his time. He married three times but left no issue. Thomas Phillips wrote his Life of Cardinal Pole while he was chaplain at Spetchley.

BLUNDELL, HENRY

[Engravings and etchings of the Principal Statues, etc., in the collection of Henry Blundell, Esq., at Nice. 1809.]

Henry Blundell (born 1723, died 1810), of Nice-Blundell in Lancashire, was the son of Robert Blundell of Nice. He was a noted collector of works of art and an antiquary of some repute. His contributions to literature are accounts of his own collections, and are illustrated with fine engravings.

Blundell was a friend of the antiquary and collector Charles Towneley of Towneley Hall, also in Lancashire, and it is probable that his archæological tastes were largely fostered by this friendship. Towneley certainly suggested the production of Blundell's catalogues.

BOOTHBY, SIR BROOKE, BART.

Arms.—Ar., on a canton sa., a lion's gamb erased erect or. Boothby. In the centre of the shield an inescutcheon arg., bearing the Ulster hand gu.

Crest.—A lion's gamb erased erect or. On an escutcheon arg., pendent from a branch, the Ulster hand gu., the badge of a Baronet.

Sir Brooke Boothby, 7th Baronet (born 1743, died 1824), was the eldest son of Sir Brooke Boothby, 6th Baronet, of Ashbourne Hall, Derbyshire.

Sir Brooke was the author of several political treatises and miscellaneous works, many of which are in verse. He belonged to the literary circles of his time, and spent some time in France, where he is said to have enjoyed the friendship of Rousseau.

BOSCAWEN, HUGH, VISCOUNT FALMOUTH

Hugh Boscawen of Tregothnen, Cornwall (born 1680 (?), died 25th October 1734), was a noted whig politician. He represented successively,[Pg 70] Tregony, Cornwall, Truro, and Penryn, following in the footsteps of his father, Edward Boscawen, who had also been a member of Parliament for a long time.

In 1720 Boscawen was created Viscount Falmouth, and he held the appointments of Comptroller of the Household, Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, and Warden of the Stanneries, besides others of lesser note. He was also a member of the Privy Council.

BOURCHIER, RACHEL, COUNTESS OF BATH

Rachael Fane (born 1613, died 11th November 1680) was the daughter of Francis Fane, first Earl of Westmorland. In 1638 she married (1) Henry Bourchier, 6th Earl of Bath, and (2) Lionel Cranfield, 3rd Earl of Middlesex, retaining, however, her precedency as Countess of Bath by Royal Warrant.

The earliest English lady's armorial book-plate belonged to Lady Bath, and was similar to the book-stamp illustrated herewith.

BRIDGMAN, SIR ORLANDO, BART.

Arms.—Sa., ten plates, four, three, two, and one; on a chief arg., a lion passant erm. Bridgman.

Crest.—A demi lion rampant arg., holding between the paws a garland of laurel ppr.

Sir Orlando Bridgman (born 1606 (?), died 1674) was a distinguished lawyer and legal author. He was the son of John Bridgman, Bishop of Chester, and a Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge.

In 1640 Bridgman was elected Member of Parliament for Wigan and was Knighted. By submitting to Cromwell he escaped the penalties of being a Royalist, and made himself of much importance as a lawyer during the Commonwealth. At the Restoration Sir Orlando was received into Royal favour in consideration of his former loyalty, and was given a Baronetcy and made Chief Baron of the Exchequer. In 1660 he was made Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and in 1667 Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. On occasions he acted as Speaker in the House of Lords. Towards the end of his life he fell into some sort of disfavour, and lived in retirement at Teddington.

BROWNLOW, JOHN, VISCOUNT TYRCONNEL

Crest.—On a chapeau gules, turned up with ermine, a greyhound passant or, collared of the first.

Sir John Brownlow (born 1692 (?), died 27th February 1754) was the eldest son of Sir William Brownlow of Belton in Lincolnshire. He was Member of Parliament for Grantham and for Lincolnshire, and in 1718 was created Viscount Tyrconnel. In 1725 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath. Lord Tyrconnel died at his country seat of Belton, and left no heir.

BRUDENELL OF STANTON WYVILE

Crest.—A dexter arm embowed, covered with leaves vert, grasping a spiked club, in bend sinister or, slung to the arm with a chain of the last. Brudenell.

Books bearing this crest probably belonged to a member of the family of Brudenell, of Stanton Wyvile in Leicestershire.

BULLINGHAM

Arms.—Az., an eagle displayed arg., in the beak a sprig vert, on a chief or, a rose between two crosses crosslet gu. Bullingham.

The book belonged to a member of the Lincolnshire family of Bullingham, in the seventeenth century.

BURRELL, SIR WILLIAM, BART.

Arms.—Vert, 3 shields arg., 2 and 1, each charged with a bordure engrailed or. In the chief point on an escutcheon arg., the Ulster hand gu.

[Collinson. The History and Antiquities of the County of Summerset. Bath, 1791.]

William Burrell (born 10th October 1732, died 20th January 1796) was the son of Peter Burrell of Beckenham, Kent, and was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated LL.D.

In 1789 Burrell succeeded, by special remainder, to the Baronetcy of his father-in-law, Sir Charles Raymond. Sir William Burrell was[Pg 79] Member of Parliament for Haslemere; a Commissioner of Excise; a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries. He was especially interested in the antiquities of Sussex, both architectural and genealogical. He made a large collection of prints, drawings, and manuscripts relating to Sussex, which he bequeathed to the British Museum, and which are now in the Department of Manuscripts. He died at Deepdene in Surrey.

BYNG

Crest.—An heraldic antelope statant erm., armed, crined, and unguled or. Byng.

Mr. Byng's Library, largely composed of Shakespeare literature, was mostly bound in a straight-grain green morocco. He was probably a member of the family of the Earl of Strafford.

CAMPBELL, HUGH, THIRD EARL OF LOUDOUN

Motto.—Nemo me impvne lacessit, being the motto of the Order of the Thistle.

Hugh Campbell (born c. 1666, died 20th November 1731) was the eldest son of James, 2nd Earl of Loudoun. He succeeded to the title in 1684. Lord Loudoun held several important official posts in Scotland; he was a Lord of Session, a member of the Scottish Privy Council, and a Commissioner of the Treasury. In 1704 he was a joint Secretary of State for Scotland, and a Commissioner for the Union. In 1707 Lord Loudoun was made a Knight of the Order of the Thistle, and shortly afterwards Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland and a member of the English Privy Council.

Lord Loudoun fought at Sheriffmuir in 1715. He was one of the Scottish representative peers in the House of Lords, and Lord Lieutenant of Ayrshire. The Earldom of Loudoun descends through the female line and has consequently belonged to various families; it has been held by representatives, among others, of the families of Rawdon, Campbell, and Hastings.

CAMPBELL, JOHN FREDERICK, EARL CAWDOR

John Frederick Campbell (born 8th November 1790, died 7th November 1860) was the eldest son of John Campbell of Stackpole Court, Pembrokeshire, first Baron Cawdor. In 1821 John Frederick succeeded to his father's Barony, and in 1816 he married Elizabeth Thynne, daughter of the Marquis of Bath. In 1827 he was created Earl Cawdor of Castlemartin. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthen.

The coat-of-arms of Calder, which is given the place of honour in Lord Cawdor's coat, is borne by right of Muriel, heiress of John Calder, or Cawdor, of Nairn. She married Sir John Campbell, son of Archibald, Earl of Argyll, about 1510, and was the ancestress of the present family.

CAPELL, WILLIAM, EARL OF ESSEX

William Capell (born 1697, died 17th January 1742) was the son of Algernon, Earl of Essex, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1710.

Lord Essex held several important offices, among them those of Keeper of Hyde Park, Ambassador to Sardinia in 1735, Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard, Ranger of St. James's Park, and Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire. In 1725 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Thistle, and in 1738 a Knight of the Garter.

CAREW, GEORGE, EARL OF TOTNESS

George Carew (born 29th May 1555, died 22nd March 1629) was the son of George Carew, Dean of Windsor, and educated at Oxford. In 1583 he was Sheriff of Carlow in Ireland, and was Knighted in 1585. Sir George Carew held several important military appointments in Ireland, and became Master of the Ordnance and commander of expeditions to Cadiz and other places, and in 1598 he was Ambassador to France. In 1600 he was President of Munster, and shortly afterwards Vice-Chamberlain to Anne, Queen Consort, and Member of Parliament for Hastings.

In 1605 he was created Baron Carew, and he became Master of the Ordnance in England and Governor of Guernsey, and in 1625 he was[Pg 87] created Earl of Totness, and afterwards became Treasurer-General to Queen Henrietta Maria.

Lord Totness was an excellent antiquary and a friend of Sir Robert Cotton. He collected manuscripts, especially those concerning Ireland, and his collections are now scattered, but are chiefly to be found in the British Museum, at Lambeth, in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, at Hatfield, or in the State Paper Office.

CARTERET, GEORGE, BARON CARTERET

Arms.—Gu., four fusils in fess arg., with the Ulster hand gu., in an escutcheon arg., in the dexter chief. Carteret.

Helmet.—That of a Peer, but wrongly shown, as it should be in three-quarters position.

George Carteret (born 1669, died 1695) was the grandson of Sir George Carteret, Governor of Jersey, who had been created a Baronet by Charles I. in 1645. In 1681 Sir George was created Baron Carteret of Hawnes, and married Grace, daughter of John Granville, Earl of Bath, in 1674. In 1714 she was created Countess Granville, and at her death her son John succeeded to the Earldom.

CARTERET, JOHN, SECOND BARON CARTERET—AFTERWARDS SECOND EARL GRANVILLE.

John Carteret (born 12th April 1690, died 2nd January 1763) succeeded his father as second Baron Carteret in 1695, and in 1744 became Earl Granville on the death of his mother, Countess Granville, whose Earldom was created January 1, 1714. Lord Granville was a Lord of the Bedchamber to George I., and in 1716 Lord Lieutenant and Curtos Rotulorum of Devonshire. In 1719 he was Ambassador to Sweden.

In 1721 Lord Granville was Secretary of State, and three years later Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was also a Knight of the Garter. In 1710 he married Frances, daughter of Sir Robert Worsley, Bart., of Appledurcombe, in the Isle of Wight.

CATHERINE OF ARAGON, QUEEN CONSORT OF HENRY VIII.

[Holkot. Opus revera insignissimum in librum Sapietie Salomonis editum. Parisius, 1518.]

Catherine of Aragon (born 15th December 1485, died 6th January 1536) was the youngest daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and in 1501 she married Arthur, Prince of Wales, who died in 1502.

In 1509, Catherine married Henry VIII., and they had several children, of whom only Mary, afterwards Queen, survived her infancy. Henry VIII. divorced Queen Catherine in 1533, on the plea that the marriage was illegal as she was his brother's widow, and in the same year he married Anne Bullen, who was one of the Queen's Maids of Honour.

Queen Catherine died at Kimbolton Castle, Huntingdonshire, in 1536, and was buried at Peterborough. A few of her books came with the old Royal Library to the British Museum in 1757. She was fond of literature and a patron to learning of all sorts, and a friend of Erasmus. She appointed Ludovicus Vives, a well-known Spanish savant and author, to be tutor to her daughter Mary.

CATHERINE OF BRAGANZA, QUEEN CONSORT OF CHARLES II.

Arms.—Arg., 5 shields az., 1, 3, and 1, each charged with 5 plates, 2, 1, and 2; a bordure of Castile, gu., 7 towers or, 3, 2, and 2. Portugal.

[Jesus Maria Joseph; or, The devout Pilgrim of the Virgin Mary. Amsterdam, 1663.]

Catherine of Braganza (born 15th November 1638, died 31st December 1705) was the daughter of John, Duke of Braganza, who in 1640 became Juan IV., King of Portugal. In 1662 the Princess Catherine married Charles II., King of England, and as part of her very large dowry, the King received Tangier, commanding the Straits of Gibraltar, and Bombay.

After Charles's death Queen Catherine retired to Portugal, where in 1704-5 she acted ably as Regent for her brother, Pedro II.

CAVENDISH, WILLIAM GEORGE SPENCER, SIXTH DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE

[Theodocritus. Δ. Χαλκονδυλου ἐρωτηματα συνοπτικα των ὀκτω του λογου μερων μετα τινων χρησμων κανονων. Milan, 1493.]

William George Spencer Cavendish (born 21st May 1790, died 17th January 1858) was the son of William, fifth Duke of Devonshire, and succeeded to the family honours in 1811.

The Library at Chatsworth was already one of much importance, but the sixth Duke of Devonshire added to it so extensively that he is generally[Pg 97] considered as its founder. He purchased rare books at all the great sales of his time, and removed the books which had accumulated at his other residences to Chatsworth. His collection has been further added to by successive owners.

The Duke was a Knight of the Garter, a Member of the Privy Council, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Derbyshire, and High Steward of Derby. In 1821 he carried the orb at the Coronation of George IV. In 1826 he was Ambassador Extraordinary to Russia, and twice held the office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household. At the Coronation of Queen Victoria His Grace carried the Sword "Curtana," the square-tipped Sword of Mercy.

CECIL, WILLIAM, FIRST BARON BURGHLEY

Crest.—Six arrows in saltire or, barbed and feathered arg., girt together with a belt gu., buckled and garnished or, over the arrows a morion cap ppr.

Variety.—Within the Garter, the crest is shown without the morion cap, and the two Supporters are moved up from the side of the shield, the usual place for Supporters, and used as Supporters for the crest.

[Ariosto. Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse, by John Harington. London, 1591.]

William Cecil (born 13th September 1520, died 4th August 1598) was the son of Richard Cecil, Master of the Robes to Henry VIII. He was[Pg 101] educated at Cambridge, and soon showed a remarkable ability. After Cambridge Cecil went to Gray's Inn and studied Law, and presently came under the personal notice of Henry VIII., who at once took a strong liking to him. At Court Cecil rapidly gained place and power, and under the Protector Somerset he became Secretary of State. He steered his way with some difficulty through the troubles accruing through the claim of Lady Jane Grey to the throne, but managed to escape serious misfortune, and was elected Member of Parliament for Lincolnshire.

At this time he also made himself useful to the Princess Elizabeth, then holding a difficult political position, and when she became Queen in 1558 she at once made Cecil a member of her Privy Council and Secretary of State. In 1563 he was Speaker of the House of Commons. Although not on friendly terms with the Earl of Leicester, and in a position which gave cause to much envy, Cecil was able to retain the confidence of Queen Elizabeth, who, in 1571, created him Baron Burghley, and shortly afterwards a Knight of the Garter.

Lord Burghley seems to have had a considerable library, and most of his books have upon them one or other of his beautiful stamps, sometimes in gold and sometimes in blind.

CHALLESTON, FAMILY OF

The family of Challeston does not appear to have distinguished itself in any of the ordinary ways, but the arms are described in Burke's General Armory, and also in Papworth's Dictionary of Coats-of-Arms.

CHARLES I., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

[Cespedes y Meneses. Historia de Don Felipe III., Rey de las Españas. Barcelona, 1634.]

Prince Charles (born 29th November 1600, died 30th January 1649) was the second son of James I., and on the death of his brother Henry became heir to the Crown. He was created Prince of Wales on 3rd November 1616, and while holding this rank he often used some of his brother's book-stamps, differentiating them, however, by the addition of his initials "C. P.," and also by the substitution of gold for silver in places where the latter metal had been used by Prince Henry, as, for instance, in the case of the label of the eldest son and the feathers in the Prince of Wales' plumes.

As Prince, Charles had a few small books bound for him in red leather, the first instance of its use for English Royal bindings, and towards the end of his reign again he had several fine bindings made for him in the fine red morocco which was so largely used by Samuel Mearne for Charles II. Whether Charles I.'s red bindings were made by Mearne is doubtful, but it is possible that they were. They are quite plain except for the fine coat-of-arms in the centre, and for delicate gold tooling, of Mearne style, in the panels of the back. Charles I. was a patron of the Arts and a man of cultured and literary tastes. The style of binding that is generally associated with his name is of a better order than the semis and heavy corners which marked the bindings made for James I.

Many of James I.'s stamps were, however, used by King Charles I., and in a majority of cases it is only by the date of the printing of the book that it is possible to say to which king the volume belonged. There is a tendency for the corner-pieces to become less, and also a tendency to substitute a more distinguished manner with regard to small gold toolings than that of the formal symmetrical repetition so prevalent in the previous reign.

CHARLES II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

The Royal name and title abbreviated. "Car. Rex" (Carolus Rex) ensigned with a Royal Crown, and with the motto "Diev et mon droit."

[Sanderson. Complete History of the Life and Raigne of King Charles. London, 1658.]

Crowned initials "C.C." adossés, within palm branches, commonly found on books bound for Charles II. by Samuel Mearne, the Royal Bookbinder.

[Cranzius. Vandaliae and Saxoniae Alberti Cranzii Continuatio. Wittebergae, 1586.]

Charles II. (born May 1630, died 6th February 1685) was the elder son of Charles I. In 1660 Charles ascended the throne of England, although his accession is sometimes counted from the date of the death of Charles I., 30th January 1649. In Scotland it is always so dated.

Samuel Mearne was appointed Royal Bookbinder to Charles II. in June 1660, and he bound the greater number of the King's books in a beautiful red morocco. On most of these bindings the King's initials within a palm spray appear, and sometimes the edges of the leaves of the books have designs painted upon them, only showing when the book is open. Charles II. also used several of the book-stamps that had been made for Charles I.

Mearne was one of the greatest bookbinders of any time, and apart from the splendid work he did for Charles II., he executed numbers of other bindings, many of which are inlaid and have the leather stained and painted. He invented what is known as the "Cottage" design, and his style and detail is often copied even at the present time.

CHARLOTTE OF MECKLENBURG, QUEEN CONSORT OF GEORGE III.

Over all, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of Stargard, per fess, gu. and or.

This stamp is probably of foreign design, as it will be noted that the Royal coat-of-arms of England is as that used by Queen Anne before 1706, and not that used by George III., for whom it is intended.

Charlotte Sophia (born 16th May 1744, died 17th November 1818) was the youngest daughter of Charles Louis, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

In 1761 the Princess married George III., King of England, and her married life was uneventful. As Queen she devoted herself entirely to domestic matters.

CHETWYND, WALTER

Walter Chetwynd (born circ. 1620, died 1693) was a son of Walter Chetwynd of Ingestre, in Staffordshire. He was Member of Parliament for Stafford, and for Staffordshire, and Sheriff in 1680.

Chetwynd was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and an Antiquary, particularly as concerned the County of Staffordshire. He was a friend of Dr. Robert Plot, who wrote The Natural History of Staffordshire in 1686, and assisted him in many ways. His collections of drawings and manuscripts were nearly all lost in a fire at Ingestre in 1882.

CHITTING, HENRY

Arms.—Quarterly; arg. and az., on a bend gu., 3 quatrefoils of the first. Chitting.

Henry Chitting (born 1580 (?), died 1638) was a herald and genealogist. In 1618 he became Chester Herald, and conducted several of the heraldic visitations of English counties. Chitting wrote a valuable work on the Extinct Baronage of England, and others of less general importance.

CHOLMONDELEY, GEORGE, THIRD EARL CHOLMONDELEY

Arms.—Gu., in chief 2 helmets in profile arg., and in base a garb or. Cholmondeley.

George Cholmondeley (born 2nd January 1702, died 10th June 1770) was the son of George, second Earl Cholmondeley, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1733. He was Member of Parliament for East Looe, and afterwards for Windsor, and Governor of Chester Castle. In 1725 Viscount Malpas, the courtesy title used by George Cholmondeley, was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath, and he subsequently held the offices of Master of the Robes, Master of the Horse, and was Lord Lieutenant of North Wales and of Montgomery. In 1736 he became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and in 1743 Lord Privy Seal. He held the rank of Lieutenant-General in the army.

CHURCHILL, GEORGE SPENCER, FIFTH DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH

The whole arms are borne upon an Imperial eagle, the heraldic indication of the rank of a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, a dignity given to John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough. The eagle is ensigned with a closed crown, the circlet of which bears the strawberry leaves and pearls of an English Marquis.

[Ferrarotto. Della preeminenza dell' officio di Stradicò della nobile città di Messina. Venetiis, 1593.]

The whole arms are borne upon an Imperial eagle as before, but in this case the whole is ensigned with a Royal orb between the two horns of a crescent arg., issuing from a Marquis's coronet.

George Spencer, afterwards Spencer-Churchill (born 6th March 1766, died 5th March 1840), was the son of George, fourth Duke of Marlborough. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, and served as Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire and for Tregony, and was a Lord of the Treasury. He married Susan, daughter of the Earl of Galloway.

In 1817, on the death of his father, he succeeded to the Dukedom of Marlborough, and in the same year he assumed by Royal Licence the surname and arms of Churchill in addition to his patronymic of Spencer. This was done in memory of the first Duke of Marlborough, who left no male heir, but whose second daughter Anne had married Charles Spencer, third Earl of Sunderland, and their son Charles, fifth Earl of Sunderland, succeeded his aunt Henrietta, suo jure Duchess of Marlborough, in the Dukedom in 1733. While Marquis of Blandford the Duke collected a magnificent library at his house, White Knights, near Reading, but extravagance in living compelled him to part with it by auction in 1819.

COCHRANE, JOHN, FOURTH EARL OF DUNDONALD

John Cochrane (born 1660 (?), died 5th June 1720) was the second son of John, second Earl of Dundonald, and succeeded his brother William in the Earldom in 1705. In 1706 he married Anne, daughter of Charles Murray, Earl of Dunmore. Lord Dundonald was a Representative Peer of Scotland and Colonel of the 4th Regiment of Horse Guards.

COCKS, JOHN, BARON SOMERS

Crest.—On a mount vert, a stag lodged reguardant arg., attired sa., and gorged with a chaplet of laurel leaves vert. Cocks.

John Somers Cocks (born 6th May 1760, died circ. 1841) was the son of Charles Cocks, Baron Somers, and was educated at Oxford. He was successively Member of Parliament for West Looe, for Grampound, and for Reigate. In 1806 he succeeded to his father's barony, and in 1821 was created Earl Somers. Lord Somers married as his second wife, Jane, daughter of his Uncle James, and widow of the Rev. George Waddington.

COKE, THOMAS, FIRST EARL OF LEICESTER

Crest.—On a chapeau az., turned up erm., an ostrich arg., holding in its mouth a horseshoe or.

[Morgues. Diverses Pièces pour la Defense de la Royne Mère du Roy Louys XIII. Paris, 1637.]

Thomas Coke (born circ. 1699, died 20th April 1759) was the eldest son of Edward Coke of Holkham in Norfolk. In 1725 Mr. Coke was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath, and in 1728 he was created Baron Lovel. In 1733 Lord Lovel was Postmaster-General, and in 1744 he was given a step in the Peerage and created Viscount Coke and Earl of Leicester. In 1718 Lord Leicester married Lady Mary Tufton, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Thanet. He left no heir, but the Earldom of Leicester was revived in 1837 in the person of one of his collateral descendants.

THE COMMONWEALTH OF ENGLAND

The Commonwealth was established in England in 1649, and Oliver Cromwell made Protector. In 1649 Charles, Prince of Wales, was crowned King at Scone, and in the next year at Carlisle. In 1658, on the death of Cromwell, the people of England felt that the Commonwealth had lasted long enough, and in 1660 Charles II. returned among general rejoicings. From a bookbinding point of view the period of the Commonwealth was one of little interest, but on the Restoration, Samuel Mearne raised the standard of English bookbinding to a very high level.

COOTE, CHARLES

Charles Coote (born circ. 1761, died 19th November 1835) was the son of a London bookseller, John Coote, and was educated at St. Paul's School and at Oxford, where he distinguished himself by his diligence and literary tastes. He took his D.C.L. degree in 1789. Dr. Coote wrote several historical works of much importance, and in 1789 he was admitted to the College of Advocates, but he never appears to have taken much to law. His son H. C. Coote was an author of much note and a high authority on the subject of the Romans in Britain.

COTTON, SIR ROBERT, BART.

Robert Bruce Cotton (born 22nd January 1570, died 6th May 1631) was the eldest son of Thomas Cotton of Connington, Huntingdon. At an early age he began to collect manuscripts, especially English ones, and the dissolution of the monasteries in the earlier half of the sixteenth century afforded him excellent opportunity of acquiring invaluable examples. So valuable was Cotton's collections, much of it containing official documents, that twice it was sequestrated by the Government; some of it, however, was restored to him. He was made a Baronet in 1611, having previously received the honour of Knighthood. The part of the collection of manuscripts which had been retained by the Government of the day was eventually restored to his son Sir Thomas Cotton.

A grandson of Sir Robert, Sir John Cotton, desired to present the collection to the Nation, together with Cotton House, with various conditions as to name and safe custody, and after tedious negotiations the[Pg 128] collection became National property and was deposited in Essex House, Strand; in 1730 it was moved to Ashburnham House, in Little Dean's Yard, Westminster, then the property of the Government, where also the old Royal manuscripts were kept. In 1731 a fire occurred at Ashburnham House, and a large number of manuscripts were burnt and many others badly injured. The remainder were then stored in a dormitory at Westminster School, and here they remained until they were transferred to the British Museum in 1757.

The Cottonian collection of manuscripts is now kept in the Manuscript Department at the British Museum; but there are numbers of printed books as well that are widely distributed. A member of the Cotton Family is always a Family Trustee of the British Museum. Sir Robert Cotton wrote a large number of tracts, mainly political. The Cottonian MSS. are curiously arranged under the names of the Roman Emperors.

COVENTRY, WILLIAM, FIFTH EARL OF COVENTRY

Crest.—A garb or, lying fesswise, thereon a cock gu., comb, wattles, and legs of the first.

William Coventry (born c. 1688, died 18th March 1750) was the son of Walter Coventry of London, the lineal representative of Walter Coventry, brother of the first Earl of Coventry, in which line, by special limitation, the Earldom was allowed to rest. Mr. Coventry was Member of Parliament for Bridport, and succeeded to the Earldom of Coventry in 1719. He was Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Worcester, a Member of the Privy Council, and Clerk Comptroller of the Green Cloth.

COVERT, WILLIAM

1. Gu., a fess ermine between 3 martlets or. Covert.

2. Erm., 2 bars and a canton gu. Boyes.

3. Gu., a fess between 3 lions' heads couped or. St. Clair.

4. Arg., a chevron between 3 garbs gu. Sheffield.

5. Or, 2 crescents, 1 and 1, gu., a canton erm. Symonds.

[Pg 132]

6. Lozengy, arg. and gu., a fess sa. Rockly.

7. Arg., a cross sa., with 2 crosses crosslet fitchée of the last in the upper cantons. Balderstone.

8. Arg., on a chief gu., 3 lions rampant arg. Yonge.

9. Or, a cross gu. Bourke.

10. Arg., 5 fusils in bend, gu. Bradeston.

11. Arg., on a chief gu., 3 crosses pattée fitchée of the first. Dyall.

12. Arg., 3 garbs gu. Comyn.

13. Lozengy, arg. and sa., each lozenge sa., charged with a martlet or. Croft (?).

William Covert of Kent belonged to an old family, members of which were settled in Kent, Surrey, and Sussex since the sixteenth century.

John Covert, a member of the same family, had a command at the Siege of Boulogne in 1558.

COWPER, WILLIAM, FIRST EARL COWPER

Arms.—Arg., 3 martlets gu., 2 and 1, on a chief engrailed of the last, as many annulets or. Cowper.

William Cowper (born c. 1655, died 10th October 1723) was the son of Sir William Cowper, Bart., M.P. for Hertford, and succeeded to his father's Baronetcy in 1706. He was educated at St. Albans, and entered the Middle Temple in 1681, and became a great lawyer and politician. In 1706 he was made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal and created Baron Cowper of Wingham. In 1707 he was Lord High Chancellor, and in 1718 was created Earl Cowper. Lord Cowper was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a Governor of the Charterhouse, and Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire.

CRACHERODE, CLAYTON MORDAUNT

Crest.—A demi boar saliant reguardant or, wounded in the shoulder with an arrow ppr., which he holds in his mouth.

Clayton Mordaunt Cracherode (born 23rd June 1730, died 5th April 1799) was a son of an officer of Marines, Colonel Mordaunt Cracherode.

Clayton Cracherode was educated at Westminster and Christchurch, Oxford, and was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and of the Society of Antiquaries, and a Trustee of the British Museum. He was ordained shortly after leaving Oxford. On the death of his father, Mr. Cracherode became[Pg 135] a rich man, and spent his fortune freely in collecting choice books, bindings, drawings, prints, coins, and gems, always getting the finest examples procurable.

Mr. Cracherode was an eccentric and shy recluse; he hardly ever left London, and his life is said to have been embittered by the fact that he was liable to act as King's Cup-bearer at a coronation, his manor at Great Wymondley being held on that Tenure. The collections made by Mr. Cracherode were all bequeathed to the British Museum except two books, a Bible left to the Bishop of Durham, and a Homer to Cyril Jackson, Dean of Christchurch, but both of these eventually were given to the Museum Library. Several of Mr. Cracherode's books were bound for him by Roger Payne, one of the greatest English bookbinders.

DERING, SIR EDWARD, BARONET

Crest.—Out of an heraldic coronet a plume of 9 ostrich feathers, 4 and 5, arg.

Edward Dering (born 28th January 1598, died 22nd June 1644) was the son of Sir Anthony Dering of Surrenden. He was educated at Cambridge, and soon became a collector and lover of antiquities.

In 1619 Dering received the honour of Knighthood, and in 1627 became a Baronet. He represented Kent in the House of Commons, and interested himself much in religious matters. He eventually got into trouble with Parliament about some of his writings, and was imprisoned for a time in the Tower. He raised a regiment for the King at the commencement of the Civil War, and in consequence he suffered sequestration of his estates. He does not appear to have succeeded well as a soldier. Dering never recovered from the troubles incident upon his advocacy of the Royalist cause, and he died in comparative poverty. He has left several works and pamphlets, chiefly political or theological.

Symonds D'Ewes (born 18th December 1602, died 8th April 1650) was the son of Paul D'Ewes of Milden in Suffolk. He went to Cambridge,[Pg 139] and was called to the Bar in 1623. His tastes were always of a literary and antiquarian character, and he was a friend of Sir Robert Cotton. In 1626 he received the honour of Knighthood, and on his father's death in 1631 he inherited considerable property.

D'Ewes was High Sheriff of Suffolk and Member of Parliament for Sudbury, and in 1641 he became a Baronet. He wrote many valuable historical and antiquarian works; his "Diaries" are now in the British Museum, as are several others of his manuscripts, forming part of the Harleian Collection.

DIGBY, SIR KENELM, KNIGHT

Kenelm Digby (born 11th July 1603, died 11th June 1665) was the elder son of Sir Everard Digby, Knight, and Mary Mulsho, his wife. He inherited large estates from his father in spite of the fact that much of Sir Everard's property had been confiscated. Kenelm Digby was educated at Oxford, at Gloucester Hall, near Worcester College. He travelled much on the Continent, particularly in France and in Spain. In 1623 he was Knighted by James I. Quite early in life he had fallen in love with Venetia, daughter of Sir Edward Stanley, and in 1625 he married her.

In 1627 Digby fitted out and commanded a curious privateering expedition, and captured several French, Dutch, Spanish, Flemish, and Venetian ships, but his conduct was disavowed by the English government. Digby was suspected of popish sympathies and suffered various terms of imprisonment in consequence, but in 1643 he was allowed to leave England for France, and for a time he made his home in Paris, a town to which he had always been very partial, and he appears to have been well received by Louis XIV.

Sir Kenelm Digby wrote a large number of books, religious, philosophical, and scientific; he was a man of much imagination, and took delight in inventing quack medicines. He possessed a large library; many of his books were presented to the Bodleian Library at Oxford, others are said to have been given to Louis XIV., and others again were scattered. On some of the volumes the coat-of-arms of Digby alone occurs, but in the majority of cases the coat-of-arms is quartered with various other family coats, and has also the coat-of-arms of Venetia Stanley either impaled or borne as an escutcheon of pretence. Many of Sir Kenelm's books were bound in Paris.

DORMER, ROBERT, EARL OF CARNARVON

Robert Dormer (born circ. 1610 (?), died 20th September 1643) was the only son of Sir William Dormer, son of Robert, Baron Dormer of Wyng. In 1616 Robert Dormer succeeded to the Barony of Dormer on the death of his grandfather, his father having predeceased him. In 1628 he was created Earl of Carnarvon, and in 1641 he was Lord Lieutenant of Bucks. Lord Carnarvon was killed at the Battle of Newbury, where he fought as a Royalist. He married in 1625 Anna Sophia Herbert, daughter of Philip, Earl of Pembroke.

DOUGLAS, WILLIAM, DUKE OF QUEENSBERRY

All within a bordure or, charged with the double tressure (flory counterflory) of Scotland, added by Charles II. to the coat of William Douglas, Earl of Queensberry, when he conferred upon him the Marquisate of Queensberry in 1681.

Crest.—A man's heart gu., ensigned with an imperial crown ppr., and winged or. Douglas.

[Pliny. C. Plinii Secundi Historiae Naturalis, Lib. xxxvii. Lugd. Batavorum, 1635.]

William Douglas (born circ. 1637, died 28th March 1695), Viscount Drumlanrig, was the son of James Douglas, second Earl of Queensberry. In 1671 Lord Drumlanrig succeeded to his father's honours, and in 1681 he received a step in the Peerage, being created first Marquis of Queensberry. In 1684 he was created Duke of Queensberry. His Grace was Justice-General of Scotland in 1680 and a Lord of Session, and from 1682 to 1686 he was High Governor of Edinburgh Castle.

DUDLEY, ROBERT, EARL OF LEICESTER

Crest.—A bear arg., muzzled and chained or, grimpant on a staff raguly arg. A crescent for difference. Dudley.

Robert Dudley (born 24th June 1532, died 4th September 1588) was a son of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. In 1549 he married Amy Robsart, who was killed at Cumnor Place in Berks in 1560. It was supposed this was done in order to allow of a marriage between Dudley and Queen Elizabeth.

Lord Robert Dudley was a great favourite both of Edward VI., to whom he had been a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and Master of the Buckhounds, and of Queen Elizabeth. He was for a time Member of Parliament for Norfolk. With his father, the Duke of Northumberland, Lord Robert conspired to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne of England,[Pg 151] and for this he was sentenced to death in 1553, but shortly afterwards he was pardoned and restored in blood. Under Elizabeth Dudley received many honours. He was made Master of the Horse, Lord Steward of the Household, and Knight of the Garter in 1559, and in 1564 Earl of Leicester. In 1564 he was elected Chancellor of Oxford University, and in 1575 he entertained the Queen at his beautiful home at Kenilworth. Leicester was Lord Lieutenant of Warwickshire and of other counties, and his possessions were very great. He married a second time in 1573, but left no heir.

The emblem of the ragged staff, or "Sable a staff raguly in bend arg.," was used as a coat-of-arms by the ancient Earls of Warwick, and it shows, as well as a bear, in the representations of the town of Warwick held in the hands of figures in the "Rows Roll," written and illuminated by John Rows of Warwick in the fifteenth century. The bear seems to have been assumed as a cognizance by Earl Arthgallus, and may either have been taken from the Warwick bear or as an allusion to his name "Arth," in British meaning "Bear." The successive Earls of Warwick used the bear and the ragged staff as a badge, and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, whose father, among other honours, was nineteenth Earl of Warwick, used it as a crest. Lord Leicester used a chained bear as his dexter supporter, and the ragged staff shows on one of his many quarterings.

EDWARD VI., KING OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

This coat-of-arms is upon a binding made for Edward VI. by Thomas Berthelet, who had been Royal Bookbinder to Henry VIII. It has been, however, transferred to a volume which belonged to Queen Elizabeth.

The daisy was used as a badge by Edward VI., in memory of his great-grandmother, Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII.

Badge.—The triple ostrich plume arg., of the Prince of Wales, within a princely coronet or.

[List of Cities, etc., named in Trogus Pompeius and in the epistles of Cicero; addressed by Peter Olivarius to Edward, Prince of Wales. 1546, MS.]

Prince Edward (born 12th October 1537, died 6th July 1553) was the son of Henry VIII. and Queen Jane Seymour, his third wife. He succeeded his father on the throne of England in 1547, and left the crown by will to his cousin Lady Jane Grey, the result of which was that her relatives endeavoured to place her upon the throne and she was beheaded in 1554 by order of Queen Mary. Although the Prince of Wales's plumes were used on the bindings made for Prince Edward, he never was Prince of Wales. The majority of his bindings were made by Thomas Berthelet, and they came to the British Museum with the rest of the old Royal Library in 1757.

The supporters used by Edward VI. were the golden lion and the red dragon, as they were used by Henry VIII. after 1528, but they do not show on any of his bindings as far as is at present known.

EDWARD VII., KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, AND OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH; EMPEROR OF INDIA.

Arms.—Within the Garter, and surrounded by the Collar of the Order of the Garter, dependent from which is the Great George.

EGERTON, FRANCIS HENRY, EIGHTH EARL OF BRIDGWATER

Supporters.—Dexter, a horse; sinister, a griffin; each gorged with a ducal coronet.

Crest.—A lion rampant gu., supporting an arrow erect or, headed and feathered arg.

Francis Henry Egerton (born 11th November 1756, died 11th February 1829) was a son of John Egerton, Bishop of Durham. He was educated at Eton and All Souls' College, Oxford, and was for a long time Rector of Middle, Shropshire. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries. Mr. Egerton was a scholar and a book lover, and wrote several books, mostly genealogical, a subject of which he was very fond.

In 1823, on the death of his brother, Mr. Egerton became Earl of Bridgwater, but he remained in Paris, where he had lived for some time. With the Peerage Lord Bridgwater inherited a large fortune, and he bequeathed a large portion of this in the endowment of Literature, one result of which was the "Bridgwater Treatises." He also left a very large collection of manuscripts and other treasures to the Trustees of the British Museum, with property to allow of accessions.

ELIZABETH, QUEEN OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

Arms.—Within the Garter. Quarterly, first and fourth, France; second and third, England, as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).

Badge.—Upon a mound or, a falcon arg., royally crowned or, and holding in his dexter claw a Royal[Pg 160] sceptre or; growing on the dexter side of the mound a rose-tree ppr., with red and white roses.

Queen Elizabeth used this badge in memory of her mother, Queen Anne, at whose coronation it was shown in a pageant. A falcon was the crest of the Ormond family, and it is shown sculptured on the tomb of the Earl of Wiltshire, father of Anne Bullen.

Badge.—A Tudor rose, arg. and gu., seeded or, and leaved vert. Ensigned with a Royal Crown.

The Princess Elizabeth (born 7th September 1533, died 24th March 1603) was the daughter of Henry VIII. and his second wife Anne Bullen.

In 1558 Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister Mary as Queen of England. Queen Elizabeth loved magnificence of all kinds, and the bindings made for her show a considerable range of style; several were sumptuously bound in velvet with rich embroideries and pearls, some of these being made by the workmen of Archbishop Parker; other velvet bindings were stamped in gold, and had overlays of coloured satin. As Princess, Elizabeth is supposed to have embroidered a few bindings; two of these are now in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and another is in the British Museum. Others were in carved, engraved, or repoussé gold finely enamelled, and numbers were in leather, both gold tooled and blind tooled; some of the former were very likely bound for the Queen by the printer John Day, who was the first English binder to use inlays of leather coloured differently to the main part of the binding.

Small series of triple dots and small corner-pieces show for the first time on small books bound for Queen Elizabeth towards the end of her reign.

The supporters used by Queen Elizabeth were the golden lion and the red dragon; they show on some of the beautiful painted bindings done for the Queen, but not on any of the stamps. The Queen's portrait is sometimes found stamped on her books.

FINCH, HENEAGE, EARL OF AYLESFORD

Heneage Finch (born c. 1647, died 22nd July 1719) was the second son of the first Earl of Nottingham. Mr. Finch was an eminent lawyer, and in 1678 he became Solicitor-General. He was Member of Parliament for Oxford, and in 1702, shortly after the accession of Queen Anne, he was chosen to receive Her Majesty when she visited that city. On this occasion he was created Baron of Guernsey. On the accession of George I. Lord Guernsey was created Earl of Aylesford, and also made a Member of the Privy Council and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

FITZ-ALAN, HENRY, EIGHTEENTH EARL OF ARUNDEL

Note.—Coloured. The earliest heraldic book-stamp of an English subject as yet known.

Henry Fitz-Alan (born c. 1511, died c. 1580) was the son of William, Earl of Arundel, and succeeded his father in 1544.

Lord Arundel was a soldier of repute, and took part in the siege of Boulogne in 1545. He gave political offence to the Earl of Warwick in the reign of Edward VI. and was committed to the Tower. He acted as Constable at the coronation of Queen Mary, and as Lord High Steward at that of Queen Elizabeth. He was a Knight of the Garter. Fond of books, Lord Arundel made a large collection of them, and profited by the dissolution of the monasteries in the early sixteenth century to add to his library at Nonsuch. Many of his books had belonged to Archbishop Cranmer. He bequeathed his library to his son-in-law, Lord Lumley, and they were nearly all purchased eventually by Henry, Prince of Wales.

FREDERICK, ELECTOR PALATINE OF THE RHINE, AFTERWARDS KING OF BOHEMIA.

Crest.—Out of a princely coronet, a lion sejant or, crowned gu., between 2 buffalo horns lozengy, az. and arg.

[Legrain. Decade contenant la vie et gestes de Henry le Grand Roy de France. Paris, 1614.]

Frederick V., Elector Palatine of the Rhine, married the Princess Elizabeth (born 15th August 1596, died 13th February 1662), daughter of James VI. of Scotland, in 1613. In 1618, Frederick was elected King of Bohemia; his acceptance of this dignity is said to have been largely due to his wife's ambition. As Queen of Bohemia, Elizabeth's life was not easy, and she was never popular at Prague, and in 1622 the Palatinate was taken by the Duke of Bavaria. Her father, now James I. of England, does not appear to have taken much interest in the Queen of Bohemia; neither in turn did Charles I. In 1632 the King of Bohemia died, and the Queen passed the latter part of her life in England.

Queen Elizabeth's youngest daughter, Sophia, Electress of Hanover, was the mother of George I., King of England.

FREDERICK, PRINCE OF WALES

As used by George I. (q.v.); over all the label arg. of the eldest son of the King; and the whole ensigned with a Princely coronet.

Crest.—A Princely coronet ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, coroneted with a princely coronet ppr.

Supporters.—The lion and unicorn of England, differenced with a label of three points arg., and the lion wearing a Prince's coronet.

Frederick Louis, Prince of Hanover, and afterwards Prince of Wales (born 6th January 1707, died 20th March 1751), was the eldest son of George, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards George II., King of England. In 1729 Prince Frederick was created Prince of Wales, but all his life there were incessant quarrels between himself and his parents. In 1736 he married the Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha; it proved an unhappy marriage.

The Prince of Wales died in 1751, from the after-effects of an accidental blow from a tennis ball, and nobody appears to have regretted him. He left nine children, the eldest of whom, George, succeeded to the throne of England on the death of his grandfather in 1760. The Prince of Wales' books were generally bound in red morocco, with one or other of his armorial stamps, some of which bear the label of the eldest son, and others do not. But they all have the motto "Ich dien," and occasionally the initials "F. P." at the top on each side of the crest.

GARRICK, DAVID

Arms.—Per pale, or and az., in the dexter compartment a tower gu., and in the sinister, on a mount vert, a sea-horse arg., mane, fins, and tail of the first; on a chief or, 3 mullets of the second.

David Garrick (born 19th February 1716, died 20th January 1779) was the son of an officer in the army, and of Huguenot descent from the family of La Garrique of Bordeaux. Garrick took to the stage at an early age, and after having unsuccessfully tried other means of making a livelihood he eventually took to acting as a profession. He acted as an amateur at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, and he wrote several plays. His family did not approve of his becoming an actor, but his rapid success ultimately reconciled them to it. His life-history is one of unvarying triumphs, which, however, naturally made him many enemies; he left the stage practically in 1762.

Garrick was a collector of treasures of all sorts, but particularly copies of Early English plays, of which he made a very large and valuable collection. These he bequeathed to the British Museum. He left a large fortune, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

GEORGE I., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

George Lewis, Electoral Prince of Hanover (born 28th May 1660, died 11th June 1727), was the eldest son of Sophia, youngest daughter of the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of James I., and Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburg. In 1714 Prince George succeeded his cousin,[Pg 173] Queen Anne, on the throne of England. He was then fifty-four years of age, and firmly fixed in his German ideas; he never spoke English well, and took every possible opportunity of revisiting his electoral dominions, where he died in 1727.

George I. made an important change in the English coat-of-arms, by including the quartered coat containing the Arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany, Brunswick, Lunenburg, and Saxony. These arms were used in the fourth quarter by George I., George II., and George III. until 1801. After that date they were shown on an escutcheon of pretence by George III., George IV., and William IV., at whose death they were discontinued altogether.

GEORGE II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

Dexter: The Royal Arms of England, quarterly; first, England and Scotland impaled; second, France; third, Ireland; fourth, the arms of the Dominions of the Crown in Germany; over all the label, with three points arg., of an elder son.

Sinister: The arms of Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Anspach. Quartered.

1. Per fess, gu. and arg. Magdeburg.

2. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. Brandenburg.

3. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. Jägerndorff.

4. Or, a griffin segreant gu. Herz. Wenden.

[Pg 177]

5. Or, a griffin segreant sa. Fürst Wenden.

6. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. Pommern.

7. Arg., an eagle displayed sa. Crossen.

8. Arg., a griffin segreant gu. Kassuben.

9. Arg., an eagle displayed gu. Prussia.

10. Per pale, arg. and gu. Halberstadt.

11. Or, a lion rampant sa., crowned or, within a bordure gobony, arg. and gu. Nüremberg.

12. Gu., 2 keys in saltire or. Minden.

13. Quarterly, arg. and sa. Hohenzollern.

14. Gu., a cross ar. Ratzeburg.

15. Gu. For right of Regalia.

Crest.—A Prince's coronet ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, coroneted ppr.

Supporters.—The lion and unicorn, the Royal Supporters of England, each charged with a Prince of Wales' label. The lion is coroneted with the coronet of a Royal Prince.

Variety.—Used as Prince of Wales. The Prince of Wales' plumes, within a princely coronet, and flanked by the initials "G. P." for "Georgius Princeps."

George, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards Prince of Wales (born 30th October 1683, died 25th October 1760), was the only son of George I., and succeeded his father on the throne of England in 1727.

In 1753 an Act was passed "For the purchase of the Museum or Collection of Sir Hans Sloane and of the Harleian Collection of MSS.; and for providing one General Repository for the better reception and more convenient use of the said Collections, and of the Cottonian Library." In 1757 King George II. added to these "Foundation Libraries" of the British Museum, the old Royal Library of England, which had been largely brought together by Henry, Prince of Wales. The old Royal Library underwent several vicissitudes after the death of Prince Henry. It was kept at St. James's Palace. When it was at length incorporated with the Sloane and Cotton collections it numbered altogether about fifteen thousand volumes, manuscripts, and printed books.

On 2nd September 1705, Prince George, then Electoral Prince of[Pg 179] Hanover, married Wilhelmina Caroline (born 1st March 1683, died 20th November 1737), the eldest daughter of John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Anspach. Queen Caroline made herself as important in Court and political affairs as she had already done as Princess, and allied herself strongly with Sir Robert Walpole, then Minister of State, and her power became very great, as the King gave way to her wishes almost invariably. Both George II. and Queen Caroline disliked their eldest son Frederick. During the King's several absences in Hanover, Queen Caroline acted as Regent, to the great annoyance of the Prince of Wales.

GEORGE III., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS KING OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, AFTERWARDS KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

Variety.—With supporters bearing the standards of St. George and St. Andrew. Probably a foreign design.

Variety.—Within the Garter, with the "George" jewel, and the badges and collars of the Orders of the Thistle and the Bath (Civil), with their respective mottoes, Nemo me impune lacessit and Tria juncta in uno.

Over all, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany ensigned with an electoral bonnet gu., turned up with miniver. Used from 1st January 1801 until 8th June 1816. Colours as used by George I. (q.v.).

Arms.—Within the Garter. Quarterly, as in the preceding case, but with the Royal Hanoverian Crown, instead of the electoral bonnet, over the escutcheon of pretence. Used from 8th June 1816 until 29th January 1820.

Crest, Supporters, Badges, and Motto.—As before, with a Royal helmet, but the shield is additionally enclosed within the collar of the Order of the Garter, dependent from which is the badge of the Great George.

[Allionius. Tractatio de Miliarium origine et curatione. Aug. Taurinorum, 1758.]

George III. (born 4th June 1738, died 29th January 1820) was the eldest son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and grandson of George II. He succeeded to the throne in 1760.

[Pg 188]

The troubles in Ireland ended, for a time, in the Legislative Union in 1801. During the latter part of his reign George III. became insane and the Prince of Wales was appointed Regent. Almost as soon as George III. succeeded to the throne he began collecting books, no doubt to a great extent induced to do so because of the fact that George II. had practically denuded the Royal Libraries of their treasures in 1757, but in many ways he possessed the true collector's instinct. The Royal Librarian was Sir Frederick Barnard, K.C.H., who travelled about the Continent seeking early editions and desirable books generally, under the advice of Dr. Samuel Johnson. Besides the books collected abroad by Sir Frederick, large numbers were acquired in England, among these the entire library of Joseph Smith, British Consul at Venice. Sir Frederick Barnard did not neglect the sale-room, and he acquired especially valuable additions to the Royal Library at the sales of the important libraries of James West, John Ratcliffe, and Richard Farmer, all of which took place about the same time.

The library collected by George III. is now housed in the beautiful room known as the "King's Library" in the British Museum. All the books have one or other of the many book-stamps used by the King impressed upon them, either on the sides or on the back. The estimated number of volumes in the library at the time of its acquisition by the British Museum was about eighty-four thousand, as well as a very large collection of charts, maps, and drawings, and several manuscripts. The books in the King's Library are in splendid condition, and among them are numbers of precious bindings, especially later English, Scottish, and Irish. Several of the Royal books were bound by Charles Kalthoeber, a German binder who copied the style and stamps used by Roger Payne.

The coat-of-arms used by George III. in the early part of his reign was the same as that used by his predecessor, viz. first quarter, England and Scotland impaled; second quarter, France; third quarter, Ireland; and fourth quarter, Brunswick impaling Lunenburg, in the base point Saxony, and an escutcheon of pretence bearing the crown of Charlemagne, as a badge of the office of High Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire. This coat was used until 1801.

On the 1st of January 1801, a Proclamation was issued by the King regarding the Legislative Union with Ireland, and certain armorial changes are noted. The first is that in future the title of the King is to be "of Great Britain and Ireland King," instead of as heretofore, "King of Great[Pg 189] Britain, France, and Ireland." Next the arms "shall be Quarterly: first and fourth England; second Scotland; third Ireland; and it is our Will and Pleasure that there shall be borne therewith on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of Our Dominions in Germany, ensigned with the electoral Bonnet." So that now the fourth quarter, as used by George I. and George II., is moved up, and shown on the escutcheon of pretence in the centre of the shield.

It will be noticed that the Fleurs-de-lys of France are now left out of the English coat-of-arms, as well as the title of King of France. The arms of France had been used in the English coat-of-arms since their adoption, with the motto "Dieu et mon Droit," by Edward III. in 1341, when he claimed the throne of France by right of his mother Isabella, only surviving child of Philippe IV. From that time until 6th March 1706, when Queen Anne changed the first quarter of the English coat, the French Fleurs-de-lys had held the place of honour. Although the French coat was discarded in 1801, the motto which alluded to the same claim to the French throne has been retained and is still used. The Fleurs-de-lys of France were at first semées, but Charles VI. of France reduced them to three, and a corresponding change was presently made in the English coat.

In 1816 the electorate of Hanover was given the rank of a kingdom, so that the electoral bonnet no longer properly represented the dignity. On 8th June 1816, a notice was given in the London Gazette that his Majesty was in future "King of Hanover," and that a corresponding alteration is to be made in the Royal arms, and it is ordered that, "instead of the arms of His Majesty's Dominions in Germany, ensigned with the electoral bonnet, as directed by His Majesty's Proclamation above mentioned, there shall henceforth be used and borne with the arms or ensigns armorial of His Majesty's said United Kingdom, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms of His Majesty's Dominions in Germany, ensigned with the Hanoverian Royal Crown."

The Royal title Britanniarum Rex, "King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland," without the Ducal titles of the Royal Dominions in Germany, which had been used by George I. and George II., first appears on the Fifth Great Seal of George III., used from 1st August 1815 to 17th September 1821.

GEORGE IV., KING OF THE BRITAINS

The coat-of-arms of George IV. was the same as the last used by George III., namely 1st and 4th, England; 2nd, Scotland; 3rd, Ireland; with the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany on an escutcheon of pretence, ensigned with the Royal Crown of Hanover.

Several of the older book-stamps of George III. were, however, frequently used by George IV.

George IV. used the same coat-of-arms as the last one of George III., that is to say, first and fourth grand quarters, England; second grand quarter, Scotland; and third grand quarter, Ireland; on an escutcheon of pretence the arms of the Dominions of the Crown in Germany, ensigned with the Hanoverian Royal Crown.

When George IV. inherited the large library made by his father, he very soon found that it was a very costly and troublesome legacy, and at one time he was inclined to sell it to the Emperor, Alexander I. of Russia. This idea, however, was very displeasing to English feeling, and the Premier, Lord Liverpool, was able to convince the King that any such sale would be highly unpopular. After considerable trouble the matter was amicably arranged, and Ministers were able to satisfy the King by means of a fund called "Droits of Admiralty," which they could dispose of without troubling Parliament. The King then wrote a letter, 15th January 1823, to Lord Liverpool, in which he says:—

"The King, my late revered and excellent father, having formed during a long series of years, a most valuable and extensive Library, I have resolved to present this collection to the British Nation."

The library was consequently removed from Buckingham House to the British Museum in 1828, and arranged in the beautiful room built for it. In this room the books are kept by themselves, apart from the rest of the library. It is probable that some idea of the ultimate destination of this library existed as long ago as 1791, as in that year a German preacher, Frederick Wendeborn, wrote that the books in the King's private library, "it is said, will be one time or another joined to those of the British Museum."

GILBERT, JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK

John Gilbert (born circ. 1693, died 9th August 1761) was a son of John Gilbert, Prebendary of Exeter. He was educated at Oxford, and ordained about 1718.

In 1722 Gilbert succeeded to his father's Prebendal stall at Exeter, and two years later he was made Dean. In 1726 Dr. Gilbert was consecrated Bishop of Llandaff, and was afterwards translated to Salisbury. In 1757 he became Archbishop of York. Gilbert was not a man of much learning, and his preferment in the Church is remarkable as being due more to influence than character. He published several sermons.

GOWER, GEORGE GRANVILLE LEVESON, DUKE OF SUTHERLAND

1. Quarterly;

1st and 4th, barry of 8, arg. and gu., over all a cross patonce sa. Gower.

2nd and 3rd, az., 3 laurel leaves or. Leveson.

2. Barry of 8, arg. and gu., over all a cross patonce sa. Gower.

3. Gu., 3 clarions or. Granville.

[Pg 194]

4. Arg., a lion rampant gu., between 3 pheons, sa. Egerton.

5. Arg., on a bend az., 3 bucks' heads cabossed or. Stanley.

6. Gu., 2 lions passant arg. Strange.

7. Barry of 10, arg. and gu., a lion rampant or, on a canton sa., a fess arg. Brandon.

8. Quarterly;

1st and 4th, France.

2nd and 3rd, England; being the arms of England, borne by right of descent from the Princess Mary, daughter of Henry VII.

George Granville Leveson-Gower (born 9th January 1758, died 19th July 1833) was the son of Granville, Marquis of Stafford. Lord George was summoned to the House of Lords as Baron Gower during his father's lifetime, and succeeded to the Marquisate in 1803.

The Marquis was a Member of the Privy Council and a Knight of the Garter, and in 1833 he was created Duke of Sutherland. The Earldom of Sutherland came into the Gower family by right of Elizabeth, Countess of Sutherland in her own right, who married the Duke in 1785. It is said to be the most ancient Earldom in North Britain, and to date back as far as 1057. The Duke's successors all used a quartering on their coat-of-arms for this ancient Earldom, namely, gu., 3 mullets or, within a bordure of the last, charged with a double tressure, flory counterflory of the field.

GREEN, JOSEPH HENRY

Joseph Henry Green of Barnet (born 1st November 1791, died 13th December 1863) was the second son of Joseph Green of London. He was an eminent surgeon, and commenced his medical studies in Germany. Returning to London, Green worked at St. Thomas's Hospital, where he eventually held important office, becoming chief surgeon in 1820. In 1824, Green was appointed Professor of Anatomy at the College of Surgeons. He was Professor of Surgery at King's College, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and twice President of the College of Surgeons. Professor Green was a friend and literary executor to S. T. Coleridge.

GRENVILLE, RT. HON. THOMAS

Arms.—Vert., on a cross arg., 5 torteaux. A crescent for difference. Grenville.

Thomas Grenville (born 31st December 1755, died 17th December 1846) was the second son of George Grenville of Wotton Hall, Bucks, and was educated at Oxford. He served for a short time in the army. In 1780 Grenville was Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire, and interested himself much in political matters. In 1790 he was Member for Aldborough, and in 1794 he was Minister Extraordinary at Vienna. His younger brother William, Baron Grenville, was Premier in 1806.

Grenville was a Member of the Privy Council, and in 1799 Ambassador to Berlin, and was the last person to hold the office of Chief-Justice in Eyre south of Trent. He was for a time First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1818 Grenville left public life. He was always an eager collector of fine books, and bequeathed his magnificent library to the nation. It is now kept at the British Museum, of which Mr. Grenville was a Trustee, in a room especially kept for it, and known as the Grenville Room.

Among the Grenville books are still a few fine old bindings, but the majority have been rebound by George Lewis, one of the most eminent of the later English trade binders.

GREY, HENRY, EARL OF STAMFORD

Henry Grey (born c. 1599, died 23rd August 1673) was the son of Sir John Grey, and grandson of Henry, first Baron Grey of Groby, to whom he succeeded in the barony in 1614. In 1628 Lord Grey was created Earl of Stamford. He was a soldier, and held a command in the Parliamentary Army, but proved a bad General. He was Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire, and served for a time as Member of Parliament for that county. In 1645 he was impeached in the House of Commons for an assault on Sir Arthur Haselrig.

Many of the books which had belonged to Lord Stamford subsequently came into the possession of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, and now form part of the Harleian Library.

GULSTON, WILLIAM, BISHOP OF BRISTOL

Crest.—An ostrich wing, the feathers alternately arg. and gu., charged with a bend sa., charged with 3 plates. Gulston.

Arms.—Arg., 3 bars nebuly gu., over all a bend sa., charged with 3 plates. Gulston.

William Gulston was Rector of Symondsbury in Dorsetshire. In 1679 he was consecrated Bishop of Bristol, a preferment he held until his death in 1684.

The Gulston coat-of-arms is shown on the screen in Bristol Cathedral. The coat shown on a lozenge is that of a lady of the Gulston family, possibly a daughter of the Bishop. In most of the books on which this coat occurs there is a book-plate of "Elize Gulston," so the book-stamp was in all probability hers also. Both the small coat and the small crest are usually added on the backs of finely bound books, but the large crest occurs on the side in the usual manner.

HAMILTON, JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF ST. ANDREWS

John Hamilton (born c. 1510, died 1st April 1570) at an early age became a Benedictine monk at Kilwinning, and in time went to study at Paris. The Regent Arran was his half-brother, and the priest had considerable influence with him. Hamilton's preferment in the Church was rapid. In 1545 he was made Bishop of Dunkeld, and in 1546 succeeded David Beaton as Archbishop of St. Andrews and Primate of Scotland. He was also Keeper of the Privy Seal and Lord Treasurer of Scotland.

The Archbishop was a strong adherent of Mary, Queen of Scotland, and was a Member of her Privy Council; he actively helped her escape from Loch Leven, as well as taking the field on her behalf. He was accused of complicity in the murders of Darnley and of the Regent Moray. Archbishop Hamilton wrote several theological works. He was hanged at Stirling in 1570.

HARBORNE, WILLIAM

William Harborne (born circ. 1550, died 9th September 1617) was the son of William Harborne of Great Yarmouth. He was a great traveller. In 1582 Harborne was appointed the Queen's Ambassador to Turkey, and remained at Constantinople until 1588. His tenure of this office was beneficial to trade, and he also procured several privileges from the Sultan as to English travellers in the East. Mr. Harborne wrote an account of his voyage to Constantinople, and other books about his stay there. His manuscripts are mostly at the British Museum or at the Bodleian Library at Oxford.

HARLEY, ROBERT, EARL OF OXFORD AND EARL OF MORTIMER

Robert Harley (born 5th December 1661, died 21st May 1724) was the son of Sir Edward Harley of Brampton Bryan, Herefordshire. Robert Harley was Member of Parliament for Tregony, and afterwards for New Radnor, and was distinguished for his knowledge of finance. In 1701 he became Speaker of the House of Commons, and had a considerable share in the passing of the Act for the Protestant succession to the Throne of England.

In 1704, Mr. Speaker Harley became a Member of the Privy Council, and also was made one of the Principal Secretaries of State. Owing to various jealousies and plots against him, Harley resigned office in 1707. In 1710 he was made Chancellor of the Exchequer; in 1711 he was nearly assassinated by Antoine de Guiscard, a French adventurer, and his escape increased his popularity, and he was created Earl of Oxford, and Lord High Treasurer, an office he held until 1714.

In 1715 Lord Oxford was impeached for betrayal of duty and other matters, twenty-two articles in all, and in 1717 he was acquitted after a long trial.

[Pg 205]

Through all his many political troubles, Harley continued the collection of manuscripts, which was his dearest hobby. He brought together many of the most famous collections, among them those of Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Symonds D'Ewes, and the Earl of Stamford. In the Harleian Library were about six thousand volumes of manuscripts, as well as about fifteen thousand separate rolls and charters, and this collection was largely added to by the second Earl. The entire collection was purchased by Parliament in 1753, and is now in the British Museum. The printed books were dispersed.

Many of the Harleian books were bound, generally in red morocco, by Thomas Eliot and Christopher Chapman, with broad, gold-tooled borderings, and this style is known as the "Harleian." Several of Lord Oxford's favourite books have a facsimile signature "Robert Harley," impressed inside on the paper in gold. A member of the Harley family always holds one of the six family trusteeships of the British Museum.

HASTINGS, FERDINANDO, SIXTH EARL OF HUNTINGDON

[Camden. Tomus alter Annalium Rerum Anglicarum ... regnante Elizabetha. Londini, 1627.]

[Reusner. ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΩΝ operis Genealogici Catholici Auctarium, illustres Stirpes Comitum continens, etc. Francofurti, 1592.]

Ferdinando Hastings (born 18th January 1608, died 13th February 1655) was the son of Henry, fifth Earl of Huntingdon, and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Ferdinando, Earl of Derby. He succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1643. Lord Huntingdon married Lucy, daughter of Sir John Davis of Englefield, Berks.

HATTON, SIR CHRISTOPHER, KNIGHT

Christopher Hatton (born c. 1540, died 20th November 1591) was the youngest son of William Hatton of Holdenby, Northamptonshire. He was educated at Oxford and entered the Middle Temple.

Queen Elizabeth noticed Hatton at a masque, and was struck by his good looks and graceful dancing. He was shortly afterwards attached to the Court, and became a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, Captain of the Guard, Vice-Chamberlain, and a Member of the Privy Council. In 1587 he was made Lord Chancellor, and also a Knight of the Garter. From 1588 until he died, Hatton was Chancellor of the University of Oxford. He wrote a few books on law or the drama, and had a considerable library.

HEATH, BENJAMIN

Benjamin Heath (born 20th April 1704, died 13th September 1766) was a son of Benjamin Heath, a merchant of Exeter. He inherited a considerable fortune from his father, and as a young man travelled much on the Continent.

Mr. Heath spent all his life in the pursuit of literature and the collection of books. Among his writings is one of some importance, "Notæ sive Lectiones ad Æschyli, quæ supersunt dramata," published at Oxford in 1762. He was a D.C.L. of Oxford. He also wrote some political pamphlets, and others concerning Shakespeare. Dr. Heath left a large family, and one of his sons became headmaster of Eton. His library was very extensive, and he gave a large portion of it to his sons during his lifetime, and the remainder was sold in 1810.

HENRY VII., KING OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE, AND LORD OF IRELAND

Crown.—Royal, but of a type used before the time of Henry VI. and supported by two angels.

Note.—This stamp is sometimes said to have belonged to Edward IV. The crown as shown here is that which appears on groats of Henry VII.; but the crown which appears on his great seal, a higher authority, has the crosses pattée and fleurs-de-lys alternately as now used. The crosses pattée were first used as the seal for foreign affairs of Henry VI.

[Impressed in blind, upon a loose cover in the Library of Westminster Abbey. C., 1490.]

Henry Tudor (born 26th June 1456, died 1509) was the son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort. In 1486 the Earl of Richmond married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV., the first King of the Yorkist line, and as the Earl himself represented the Lancastrian line, by way of Catherine Swinford, this marriage united the two houses of York and Lancaster, and gave rise to the beautiful Tudor badge of the Red and White Rose. The two colours are shown sometimes per pale, sometimes quartered, or there may be simple rows of alternate petals, or, as is most usual, the inner petals are all white and the outer petals all red; the centre is always gold, and the little leaves between the outer petals, if showing at all, are green. The portcullis and gateway, also commonly used as badges by our Sovereigns until the time of Charles I., are both used as emblems of the De Beaufort alliance. The portcullis is or, nailed az., chained and ringed of the first.

The Earl of Richmond defeated Richard III. at the battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, and the king was killed. Henry VII. was crowned king on the battlefield. He possessed a considerable number of manuscripts, and also a small library of printed books, which, as far as is known, were bound in velvet. Judging from the leather binding in Westminster Abbey Library, Henry also had some commoner books stamped with his coat-of-arms.

Several bindings that were made for Henry VII. still exist; they are either at the Record Office, the Library of Westminster Abbey, or the British Museum, and are all bound in the same way. The binding is of red velvet, beautifully bossed with silver or other metal; the bosses are ornamented with the Royal coat-of-arms, with the red dragon of Cadwallader as a dexter supporter, and the white greyhound of the Nevills, or, when used by Henry VII., of the De Beauforts, as sinister supporter.

But before using the dragon and greyhound Henry VII. had used two white lions. A white lion was the badge of the Earls of March, who were distantly connected with the King.

The coat-of-arms used by Henry VII., i.e. France and England quarterly, was the same as had been used by all the English kings since Henry IV. in 1408, when the fleurs-de-lys semées, which had been hitherto used, were reduced to three, in accordance with the change made in the French coat by Charles VI., King of France.

HENRY VIII., KING OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE, AND LORD OF IRELAND—AFTERWARDS KING OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND.

Badges.—Dependent from the shield 2 portcullises or, nailed az., chained of the first. De Beaufort.

At the top, a fleur-de-lys or, France; and a double rose gu. and arg., centred or, and leaved vert, Tudor.

[Opus eximium de vera differentia regiae potestatis et ecclesiasticae. London, 1534.]

Variety.—Arms as before. Panel stamp with 2 angels bearing scrolls. At the top a Tudor rose, and 2 portcullises dependent from the base of the shield, which is ensigned with a Royal crown, and supported by a dragon and a greyhound.

[Holkot. Opus revera insignissimum in librum Sapietie Salomonis editum. Parisiis, 1518.]

Variety.—Arms as before. With two scrolls and a Tudor rose on the top, and "M. D.," probably the initials of the designer, below. A dragon and a greyhound support the shield, which is ensigned with a Royal crown and flanked by two portcullises chained.

Variety.—Arms as before. Within the Garter, ensigned with a Royal crown and flanked by the Tudor emblems of a Tudor rose, a fleur-de-lys, the gateway of the Castle of De Beaufort, and the cleft pomegranate of Aragon.

Legend.—On the rectangular borders. Deus dat nobis tuam pacem et post mortem vitam eternam amen.

Variety.—Arms and supporters as before. With the sun and moon in the two upper corners and the shields of St. George and the City of London. Ensigned with a Royal crown of incorrect pattern.

This design was probably used by Royal consent by members of the Stationers' Company of London, and there are many examples of it on which are also engraved the initials of London printers and publishers, e.g. "J. R.," probably John Reynes; "J. N.," probably Jean Norins; "G. G.," probably Garret Godfrey; "R. L.," probably Richard Lant, and several more.

These initials are usually shown at the base of the shield. Cf. under heading Tudor.

Prince Henry (born 28th June 1491, died 28th January 1547) was the second son of Henry VII., and in 1509 succeeded his father on the throne of England. Henry VIII. always lived in much luxury and loved finery and splendour, and to a certain extent this feeling shows in the many beautiful bindings which were made for him. The King was certainly fond of his books, and he had several of them beautifully bound in velvet and embroidered with pearls and inlays of coloured silks and satins, finished with gold thread. Others are of gold, richly worked and enamelled.

For his Queens also several fine bindings were made; these, however, were generally armorial panel stamps, impressed without gold. He married six times. For Catherine of Aragon bindings were made which still exist, for Anne Bullen and Catherine Parr, the same, but for Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, or Katherine Howard I know of no bindings recorded or in existence. Katherine Parr is said to have herself embroidered a beautiful armorial velvet-bound copy of Petrarch with her own arms, and at the Bodleian Library at Oxford there is a book said to have been embroidered for her by the Princess Elizabeth, on which are the initials "K. P."

Thomas Berthelet, the first English bookbinder to use gold tooling was made Royal Printer and Bookbinder to Henry VIII. in 1530, and he bound the greater number of the Royal books in leather, velvet, or satin.

Henry VIII. used the same coat-of-arms and supporters as his father, namely, the red dragon of Cadwallader as a dexter supporter and the white greyhound of the Nevills as a sinister supporter, until 1528, when he adopted a golden lion rampant royally crowned as his dexter supporter, and moved the dragon to the sinister side, leaving out the greyhound altogether. This change, however, does not, as far as I know, show on any book, but it can be seen on the gold coins of the period, and also on a sculptured compartment at Caerhays, is common at the house of a member of the Trevanion family, and again on the keystone of the ceiling over the organ-loft at St. George's Chapel, Windsor, and here, moreover, the date 1528 is also given.

HENRY BENEDICT, CARDINAL YORK

All as used by James I. (q.v.). Over all a crescent for difference. Ensigned with a Royal crown and the tasselled hat of a cardinal.

Note.—This stamp was probably designed and cut after 1788, at which date the Cardinal entitled himself King of England.

[Stellato. Ad frequentem in fidei controversiis interrogationem, etc. Viennae, 1752.]

Henry Benedict (born 5th March 1725, died 13th July 1807) was the second son of James Francis Edward, called the Chevalier St. George, son of James II., King of England, and Mary of Modena, who married Mary Clementina, daughter of James Sobieski, in 1719.

Prince Henry, who occasionally used the Royal Crown of England over his coat-of-arms, is called sometimes Henry IX., King of England. He entered the Romish Church as a priest at an early age, and in 1747 he was made a Cardinal by Benedict XIV., and held several Bishoprics and the Archbishopric of Corinth, but was usually known as Cardinal York. He assumed certain airs of dignity abroad in consequence of his Royal ancestry and claims, and in 1788, on the death of his elder brother, he had a medal made and inscribed "Henricus nonus magnae britanniae rex."

The Cardinal lived almost always abroad, and suffered much by loss of revenue caused by the French Revolution; he had to part with much of his private property, jewels, and plate. At this juncture George III. generously assisted Cardinal York, and made him a handsome allowance, in gratitude for which His Eminence bequeathed to the Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV., many of the Crown Jewels which James II. had taken with him to France. Some of the most important of these stones now adorn the English Imperial Crown. The Cardinal had a large library, and several of his books are at Windsor and at the British Museum. The majority of these are in leather, but some are embroidered.

HENRY FREDERICK, PRINCE OF WALES

Arms.—Quarterly; 1st and 4th grand quarters, France and England quarterly; 2nd grand quarter, Scotland; 3rd grand quarter, Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.); and over all a label arg. of three points.

[Apollonius Gallus. Exsuscitata Apollonii Pergaei ΠΕΡΙ ΕΠΛΦΩΝ Geometria. Parisiis, 1600.]

Variety.—Arms as before. Within the garter, and ensigned with a Princely coronet.

[Vittori. Tesoro de las tres lenguas Francesa, Italiana, ej Española. Geneve, 1609.]

A Prince of Wales's triple ostrich plume, commonly used as a corner stamp, all impressed in silver.

A Prince of Wales's triple ostrich plume; the coronet, ribs of feathers, and motto generally impressed in gold, the feathers in silver. Used mostly as a centre stamp.

A Badge of a lion rampant guardant, with princely coronet, always impressed entirely in gold.

[Reusnerus. ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΩΝ opus genealogicum Catholicum de praecipuis familiis Imperatorum. Francofurti, 1592.]

Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (born 19th February 1594, died 6th November 1612), was the eldest son of James I., and from his childhood showed studious and literary inclinations, as well as sporting tastes. In 1609 he purchased the library of John, Lord Lumley, a great part of which had previously belonged to his father-in-law, Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, and another large proportion to Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury. He also acquired a number of books which had belonged to a Welshman, John Maurice or Morris.

On the Prince's death his library became the property of James I., and it was added to the existing Royal Library, then under the care of Patrick Young.

Prince Henry had his books bound in calf, and probably destroyed[Pg 228] numbers of valuable old bindings which were originally used. The new bindings were ornamented with stamps bearing the Prince's coat-of-arms, without supporters, and others showing a lion rampant, with princely coronet; a Tudor rose, with princely coronet; a fleur-de-lys, and two stamps, with slight variations, of the Prince of Wales's plume of three ostrich feathers. These latter stamps are normally used as corner-pieces, but they also show now and then as centres. Smaller corner stamps are found showing coroneted Tudor roses, coroneted thistles, coroneted fleurs-de-lys, and Prince of Wales's feathers in gold. On the panels of the backs of Prince Henry's books are found small stamps of a lion rampant, with princely coronet; a unicorn rampant; a Tudor rose; a portcullis, sometimes chained, and a Royal Crown. These are arranged in various combinations.

The greater number of Prince Henry's bindings are simple, having the coat-of-arms in the centre and the badges in the corners, but several are very handsomely ornamented with accessory gold tooling. The label shown on Prince Henry's coat-of-arms is the cadency mark of the eldest son; it is generally impressed in silver, as it ought always to be. The feathers in the Prince of Wales's plume are always impressed in silver, which has now oxidised black. Prince Henry's library came to the British Museum with the rest of the Old Royal Library of England in 1757.

HEYDON, SIR CHRISTOPHER, KNIGHT

Christopher Heydon (born circ. 1550, died circ. 1623) was the son of Sir William Heydon of Bacousthorpe, Norfolk. He was educated at Cambridge. In 1588 he represented Norfolk in the House of Commons, and in 1596 he was knighted by the Earl of Essex. Sir Christopher Heydon wrote some treatises on astrology. He married first Mirabel Rivet, and secondly Anne Dodge, and left a large family.

HOARE, SIR RICHARD COLT, BARONET

Richard Colt Hoare (born 9th December 1758, died 19th May 1838) was the son of Sir Richard Hoare of Barn Elms, Surrey, a banker. Mr. Hoare worked for a time in the family bank, and then, having a competent fortune, he travelled much on the Continent. In 1787 he succeeded his father in the baronetcy. Sir Richard Hoare wrote a large number of works on antiquities and travel, the most important of which is the Ancient History of North and South Wiltshire, published at London in 1810. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries. At his house "Stourhead" Sir Richard had a large library, much of which he catalogued himself.

FRANCIS HORTON

Arms.—Sa., a stag's head cabossed arg., attired or. A crescent for difference. Horton.

Francis Horton, a member of an old family belonging to Catton, county Derby, was a collector of musical works in the eighteenth century.

HOWARD, CHARLES, SECOND BARON HOWARD OF EFFINGHAM

Crest.—On a chapeau gu., turned up erm., a lion passant, ducally crowned or, and charged on the neck with a label and a mullet.

Charles Howard (born c. 1536, died 14th December 1624) was the eldest son of William Howard, Baron Howard of Effingham, Lord High Admiral of England. Charles Howard was a person of importance from an early age, and was sent by Queen Elizabeth on an Embassy to France. He was Member of Parliament for Surrey, and a general officer in the army as well as being a sailor. In 1574 he was made a Knight of the Garter and Lord Chamberlain of the Household, and in 1573 he succeeded to his father's barony.

Lord Howard of Effingham became Lord High Admiral of England in succession to the Earl of Lincoln, and in 1588 he defeated and dispersed the Spanish Armada. At the time of the coronation of James I. Lord Howard became Lord High Steward of England.

HOWARD, HENRY, EARL OF NORTHAMPTON

Henry Howard (born 25th February 1539, died 15th June 1614) was the second son of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, who was beheaded in 1547. Henry Howard the younger was restored in blood by Queen Elizabeth, and on the accession of James I. he quickly became a person of much importance. He was made a Member of the Privy Council, Warden of the Cinque Ports, and Constable of Dover Castle.

In 1604 Mr. Howard was created Earl of Northampton and a Knight of the Garter, and in 1608, Lord Privy Seal. Lord Northampton was a man of much learning, and wrote several treatises on astrology and theology. He had much taste in knowledge as to architecture, and built Northumberland House from the designs of Moses Glover.

HOWARD, THOMAS, EARL OF ARUNDEL, SURREY, AND NORFOLK

Arms.—Gu., on a bend between six crosses crosslet fitchée arg., an escutcheon or, thereon a demi lion rampant, pierced through the mouth with an arrow, within a double tressure flory counterflory of the first. Howard.

Thomas Howard (born c. 1585, died 24th September 1646) was the son of Philip, Earl of Arundel, who was attainted and died in 1595. James I. restored his father's titles to Thomas Howard, but not the property, much of which, however, he subsequently purchased; and in 1644 he was created Earl of Norfolk in addition. He was a descendant of Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, who had also been a great book collector, and whose library had been largely acquired by Henry, Prince of Wales.

Lord Arundel travelled largely and made very valuable collections of all sorts of antiquities, manuscripts particularly; but as well as these he acquired marbles, coins, gems, and pictures. Among the more notable of the collections of manuscripts purchased by Lord Arundel was that made by the Pirckheimer family of Nüremberg. The manuscripts were for some time kept at Arundel House, where they suffered much from neglect, and in 1666 most of them were given to the Royal Society and others to the Heralds' College.

In 1831 the Arundelia MSS. in the Royal Society's library were transferred, by arrangement, to the British Museum. Lord Arundel was made a Knight of the Garter in 1611; in 1616 he became a Member of the Privy Council; and in 1621 he was restored to his hereditary post of Earl Marshal. He was also High Steward of England.

HUTCHINSON, THOMAS

Arms.—Per pale gu. and az., a lion rampant between three crosses crosslet arg. Hutchinson.

Crest.—A cockatrice, wings expanded az., comb, wattles, and members or, issuing from a heraldic coronet.

Thomas Hutchinson (born May 1698, died February 1769) was a son of Peter Hutchinson of Cornforth, Durham. He was educated at Oxford, and entered the Church about 1730. In 1731 he was Rector of Lyndon in Rutland, and in 1748 he was Vicar of Horsham, Rector of Cocking, and a Prebendary of Chichester.

Dr. Hutchinson edited a few editions of the classics, and published several sermons and a few essays, particularly one on Demoniacal Possession.

JAMES I., KING OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

[Coquaeus. Apologia pro summis ecclesiae Romanae Pontificibus, etc. Mediolani, 1619.]

Variety.—With an ornamental border containing the falcon badge of Queen Anne Bullen and Queen Elizabeth,[Pg 243] the triple ostrich plume of the Prince of Wales, the fleur-de-lys of France, the portcullis of the De Beauforts, and the Tudor rose. A thistle of Scotland at the top.

[T. Bradwardini. Arch. Cantuariensis de causa Dei contra Pelagium. London, 1618.]

The badge of a Tudor rose, arg. and gu., reeded or and leaved vert, royally crowned, with sprays of rose leaves.

The badge of a Tudor rose, as before, royally crowned, within a lozenge of laurel leaves.

James Stuart (born 19th June 1566, died 27th March 1625) was the son of Mary, Queen of Scotland, and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. He was great-grandson of the Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII., who had married James IV., King of Scotland, in 1502, and by right of this descent James came into the line of succession of the English throne. On the dethronement of Queen Mary in 1569, under the Regency of the Earl of Murray, James became King of Scotland under the title of James VI., and reigned for thirty-four years until the death of his cousin, Queen Elizabeth, in 1603, when he inherited the English crown and came to England as James I.

On the accession of James I., a greater change took place in the English Royal coat-of-arms than had ever occurred before. The old coat, France and England quarterly, which had practically been in use ever since the time of Edward III., now became only a quartering, and was shown in the first and fourth quarters, then in the second quarter James put the ancient coat-of-arms of Scotland, or, a lion rampant, within a double tressure flory counterflory gu.

The lion appears for the first time on the shield of Alexander II., and it is supposed to have been derived from the ancestors of the Scottish kings, the Earls of Northumberland and of Huntingdon, whose device it was. The tressure is also of doubtful origin, and is also very ancient; it is popularly supposed to have been given by Charlemagne in recognition of a league between that monarch and Achaius, King of Scotland. The double tressure is presumed to indicate that there were two treaties.

In the third quarter is the coat-of-arms of Ireland, az., a harp or, stringed arg. This harp appears on an illuminated manuscript that belonged to Elizabeth, and is said to have been granted to Ireland by Henry VIII. as a mark of his admiration for the musical qualities of the Irish. It also is used as a badge on Irish coins of and after 1526, and this single harp was increased to three in similar coins made during Elizabeth's reign. The harp was sacred to Apollo Grian or Beal, an ancient Irish deity. Irish silver groats of 1478 show the device of three crowns in pale, and this was probably the coat-of-arms of Ireland at that time, and before that, in 1422, a single crown is found as a badge.

It is curious to note the strong tendency of single devices or badges to merge into threes. It occurs first in the case of the single crown, which presently gets tripled, then the single harp does the same, and the three castles, the arms of Dublin, very likely began as one.

[Pg 247]

James I. made one more important change; he substituted one of the Scottish unicorn supporters for the red dragon of Cadwallader, used as a dexter supporter by Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth. The ancient Scottish supporters were two unicorns arg., armed, maned, and unguled, gorged with a princely coronet and chained or. The origin of the unicorn supporters is lost, but the creature is generally considered to be an emblem of purity and of freedom; the horn, moreover, was credited with medical powers as a remedy against poisons. The idea of an animal bearing a single horn arose probably from the horn of the narwhal, which has diagonal striations upon it resembling those generally shown on the horn of a unicorn, and certainly does not look like the tooth of a fish. On the other hand cups made of rhinoceros horn are credited with the same magical powers as that of the unicorn. The chain attached to a princely coronet on the neck of the unicorn is not easy to explain; it is said that it alludes to an early king of Scotland, who, as a young man, accidentally killed his father, and bore the chain ever afterwards on his supporters as a sign of grief.

The lion and the unicorn have remained ever since the time of James I. as the supporters of the English Royal coat-of-arms, without any change whatever.

In Scotland James VI. had John Gibson for his bookbinder. He was appointed under the Privy Seal, and was "Our Soverane Lordis Buikbinder," but there is no binding left that can with certainty be attributed to him. On James's advent to England John and Roger Norton and Robert and Christopher Barker were made Royal binders and printers, and in 1604 John and Abraham Bateman were made "Bookbinders to the King."

The many fine armorial bindings which were used by James I. were probably made by one or other of these binders, but for the present no signed binding has been found, so the authorship of any one of them is only conjectural.

The main characteristic of the finer bindings made for James I. is the form of ornamentation known as a semis, that is to say, a powdering all over the field of small stamps arranged symmetrically near together. The commonest of these small stamps show stars, flaming hearts, ermine spots, roses, thistles, pineapples, tridents, fleurs-de-lys, and lions, but there are several others. Another characteristic is the presence of large corner stamps. These are cut in arabesque designs, and many of them are very handsome. The idea of corner ornamentation of this sort began late in[Pg 248] Queen Elizabeth's reign, but it did not reach its highest excellence in stamp form until well into the reign of James I.

James I. was the first sovereign to have his books mainly bound in morocco, and this leather is found in most quiet colours—greens and browns and blues, but not red. Several beautiful volumes are also bound in vellum, and others in velvet and satin. The Jacobean period was a decorative one, but not one of the highest level of the art of bookbinding. The greater number of James I.'s books came to the British Museum by gift of George II. in 1757, with the rest of the Old Royal Library of England.

JAMES II., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

Colours as used by James I. (q.v.). Ensigned with the Royal Crown, and between two palm branches.

In this coat James has left out the coat of France, probably out of courtesy to the French King, Louis XIV.,[Pg 252] who had given him asylum at St. Germains. It is remarkable that this coat-of-arms subsequently became that used by Queen Victoria in 1837.

[La Renommée qui publie le Bonheur de l'Europe sous le regne de Jacques ... Roy de la Grande Bretagne. 1688.]

Variety.—Within the Garter. Used in France from 1689 until 1701. The same curious coat-of-arms as in the preceding plate.

Initials.—J. D. (Jacobus Dux). Ensigned with a princely coronet, and within two palm branches.

This cypher occurs in corners of books, and it appears to have been designed so that either the D or the J is always properly visible. It is found in conjunction with the two C's of Charles II., which also show clearly either way up.

[Ser. Jacobi Stuarti et Mariae Beatricis Estiae ... epithalamium. Londini, 1673.]

James, Duke of York (born 14th October 1633, died 16th September 1701), was the second son of Charles I. He succeeded his brother Charles II. in 1685. James II. had a short and troubled reign, chiefly because he had Roman Catholic tendencies, and ultimately joined that faith. The feeling in favour of Protestantism in England was very determined, and the nation ultimately invited William, Prince of Orange, who had married James's elder daughter Mary and was a strong Protestant, to come and accept the throne. This he did, and in 1689 James was deposed and William became King in his stead.

James fled to France where he lived for the rest of his life, and the book-stamps that he had made at this time do not include the French coat. He was known as the Duke of York, but nevertheless his book-stamps show a Royal Crown. James's second wife, Mary of Modena, was a Roman Catholic and strongly influenced his views. He died at St. Germains, Paris, at the age of seventy.

JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD, PRINCE OF WALES

James Francis Edward (born 10th June 1688, died 1st January 1766) was the eldest son of James II. and his second wife, Mary of Modena. He was born before his father became King of England. Prince James, who is known as the Old Pretender in distinction to his son Charles Edward, the Young Pretender, is also known as the Chevalier St. George. His history is an unhappy one from his birth. On his father's death in 1701 at St. Germains he was proclaimed James III. of England and VIII. of Scotland, but by the Act of Settlement made in the same year the Stuarts were cut out of the succession to the English throne.

The Chevalier St. George spent his life in fruitless endeavours to make good his claim to the English throne. His character appears to have been wanting in most of the qualities that make for success, and towards the latter part of his life his misfortunes so preyed upon him that he gave way to unworthy dissipations.

KEMP, THOMAS READ

Thomas Read Kemp (born c. 1781, died 20th December 1844) was the son of Thomas Kemp, Member of Parliament for Lewes, who married Ann Read of Brookland. Mr. Kemp was educated at Cambridge, and in 1811 he represented Lewes in the House of Commons. He sold his castles at Lewes and at Hurstmonceaux and built largely near Brighton, where the district known as Kemp Town was founded by him. He spent all his fortune in this speculation, which, however, in time became of great value.

The family of Kemp or Kempe is one of great antiquity in Kent. John Kempe, Archbishop of Canterbury in the fifteenth century, and his nephew Thomas Kempe, Bishop of London, both belonged to it. The immediate ancestor of Mr. T. R. Kemp was Sir Thomas Kempe of Olantigh, near Ashford, an estate which had belonged to the family since the time of Edward I.

KER, JOHN, THIRD DUKE OF ROXBURGHE

Supporters.—Two savage men, wreathed about the head and waist with laurel, each holding, with the exterior hand, a club resting upon the shoulder, all ppr.

John Ker (born 23rd April 1740, died 19th March 1804) was the elder son of Robert Ker, second Duke of Roxburghe. He succeeded his father in the title in 1755. The Duke brought together a splendid library, among which was the special collection of ballads which are now known by his name. The ballads were at first collected by Robert Harley, and they were largely added to by a Mr. West and by Major T. Pearson, and after the entire collection had been purchased by the Duke of Roxburghe he continued adding to it himself.

In 1812 the Duke's library was sold and the books widely scattered; the ballads, however, in 1845 were acquired for the British Museum at the sale of the books of Mr. B. H. Bright. The Duke of Roxburghe was a Knight of the Garter, and also a Knight of the Thistle. He was a Lord of the Bedchamber and a Privy Councillor.

The Roxburghe Club of Edinburgh was founded in honour of the Duke in 1812.

KERR, WILLIAM, EARL OF LOTHIAN

Supporters.—Two bucks, each gorged with a collar arg., charged with 3 mullets gu.

William Kerr (born c. 1605, died October 1675) was the son of Robert Kerr, first Earl of Ancrum, and in 1631 he was created Earl of Lothian. In that year he had married Anne, Countess of Lothian in her own right, and there was some litigation about the title. The Earl was at the Battle of Newbury in 1643; he was Governor of Newcastle, and a man of much political importance. He was a Commissioner of the Treasury in Scotland, and Lieutenant-General of the Scottish army in Ireland. In 1642 he went to France for the purpose of considering the position of the Scottish Guard at the French Court.

Lord Lothian was one of the commissioners sent by the Scottish Parliament to protest against the proceedings against Charles I., and he also served on several of the commissions which were appointed about that time concerning the Restoration of Charles II.

KINNEAR, JOHN GARDINER

John Gardiner Kinnear was a banker of Edinburgh. He was a member of the Bannatyne Club, to which he was admitted in 1826.

The Kinnears were well known as a family of bankers, and they also had literary tastes. The particular book from which I have taken the accompanying coat-of-arms is one that was presented to the Bannatyne Club in 1827, and reprinted in that year for Mr. J. G. Kinnear. The text is taken from a rare book written by Gawyn Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, called The Palice of Honour, and "Imprentit at Edinburgh be Johne Ros, for Henric Charteris, Anno 1579."

LAUD, WILLIAM, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY

[Laud. A relation of the Conference between William Lawd ... and Mr. Fisher the Jesuite, etc. London, 1639.]

William Laud (born 7th October 1573, died 10th January 1645) was the son of William Laud of Reading. After leaving Reading he went to Oxford and entered the Church, and quickly came into notice as a theologian. He was supposed to favour Romish doctrines. After enjoying several minor appointments, Laud was made Dean of Gloucester in 1616, and by this time he was high in the favour of James I., who in 1621 promoted him to the Bishopric of St. David's.

Under Charles I. Laud acquired still more importance. In 1626 he was made Dean of the Chapel Royal, and next year a member of the Privy Council, and in 1628 he became Bishop of London. In 1629 Laud was Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and in 1633 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury. Archbishop Laud was impeached for treason in 1641; he underwent his trial in 1644, and an ordinance of attainder was passed in the next year. Although Laud had in his possession a pardon from the king, he was beheaded on Tower Hill in 1645. He wrote a large number of books, mainly theological or historical. Several of his books are in the library at Lambeth Palace, and others are in the British Museum.

LEY, JAMES, EARL OF MARLBOROUGH

James Ley (born c. 1550, died 14th March 1628) was the son of Henry Ley of Teffont Ewias, Wilts. He was educated as a lawyer, and attained great eminence in that profession. In 1605 he became Chief-Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland, and in 1620 he was made a Baronet, and next year Chief-Justice of the King's Bench in England.

In 1625 Sir James Ley was created Baron Ley, and became Lord Treasurer of England, and in 1626 he was created Earl of Marlborough and President of the Council. Lord Marlborough had a high reputation as a lawyer and as a judge, and he was the author of several works on history and law.

LINDSAY, DAVID, BARON LINDSAY OF BALCARRES

David Lindsay (born c. 1586, died March 1640) was the son of John Lindsay, Lord Menmuir, second son of the ninth Earl of Crawford. David Lindsay succeeded his brother John in 1601, and in 1612 he was knighted. In 1633 he was created Baron Lindsay of Balcarres. He was the ancestor of the present Earl of Crawford. Lord Lindsay was a firm adherent of Charles I. He was fond of books and literature, besides being a man of science and scientific pursuits generally.

LLOYD, DAVID, DEAN OF ST. ASAPH

David Lloyd (born 1597, died 7th September 1663) was the son of David Lloyd of Llanidloes, Montgomery. He was educated at Oxford, and took orders about 1628. Dr. Lloyd was chaplain to the Earl of Derby, and held several benefices in Wales, and in 1660 was made Dean of St. Asaph. He wrote a well-known book called The Legend of Captain Jones, which was published in London in 1631. This remarkable work went through several editions, many of which were curiously added to and altered by successive editors or re-writers.

LOCKER, EDWARD HAWKE

[Descrizione delle Pitture che trovansi in alcune città dello Stato Ligure. Genova, 1780.]

Edward Hawke Locker (born 9th October 1777, died 16th October 1849) was the son of William Locker, Captain R.N. He was educated at Eton, and occupied several positions of trust, until in 1819 he was made Secretary to Greenwich Hospital. Mr. Locker was a Fellow of the Royal Society, an artist and an author, and has left a few books, chiefly biographical or historical. At Greenwich he inaugurated the scheme of making a collection of naval pictures, which has proved of the greatest value. His son Frederick, who assumed the additional surname of Lampson in 1885, afterwards became a well-known book collector.

LONG, CHARLES, BARON FARNBOROUGH

Arms.—Sa., a lion passant arg., holding in the dexter paw a cross crosslet fitchée or, on a chief of the second 3 crosses crosslet of the field.

Supporters.—Two lions reguardant arg., gouttées de sang, each gorged with a ducal coronet or, thereto pendent an escutcheon sa., charged with a cross crosslet arg.

The coat is enclosed with a fillet bearing the legend "Tria juncta in uno," being the motto of the Order of[Pg 274] the Bath. This is again enclosed within the collar of the said Order, as worn by a Knight Grand Cross, from which depends the badge of the Order.

Charles Long (born circ. 1760, died 17th January 1838) was the son of Beeston Long of Carshalton Park, Surrey. He was educated at Cambridge, and was successively Member of Parliament for Rye, Midhurst and Wendover, and Haslemere, and held many important offices.

In 1800 Mr. Long became joint Secretary of the Treasury, and presently one of the Lords of the Treasury, and was Paymaster-General from 1817 until 1826, when he was created Baron Farnborough of Bromley Hill Place. He was a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath, and a member of the Privy Council. Lord Farnborough took an important part in the negotiations with George IV., with regard to his gift to the Nation of the Library of George III., and he also bequeathed a considerable sum of money to the Trustees of the British Museum, to augment the Bridgewater Fund. He was a Trustee of the British Museum, a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries, and possessed a valuable collection of pictures and antiquities at his house, Bromley Hill Place, in Kent.

LYTTELTON, WILLIAM HENRY, BARON LYTTELTON

Supporters.—On either side a merman ppr., in his exterior hand a trident or. But in several instances of early use, a dexter Supporter alone is found.

[Littleton. The first part of the Institutes of the Lawes of England. London, 1794.]

William Henry Lyttelton (born 24th December 1724, died 14th September 1808) was the fifth son of Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Baronet, who was created Viscount Cobham in 1718. In 1776 Mr. Lyttelton was created Baron Westcote in the Peerage of Ireland, and on the death of his nephew, Sir Thomas Lyttelton, second Baron Lyttelton, he succeeded to the Baronetcy and the English peerage expired.

Lord Westcote was Governor of South Carolina and of Jamaica, and Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Portugal. In 1794 he was created Baron Lyttelton in the Peerage of England, assuming the same title as had become extinct by the death of his nephew in 1779. Lord Lyttelton was a descendant of the great lawyer, Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, who wrote the celebrated treatise on Tenures, in the fifteenth century.

MAITLAND, JOHN, EARL OF LAUDERDALE

Arms.—Or, a lion rampant dechaussé, within a double tressure flory counterflory of fleurs-de-lys gu. Maitland.

Crest.—A lion sejant affrontée gu., ducally crowned or, holding in the dexter paw a sword ppr., pommelled and hilted or, in the sinister paw a fleur-de-lys az., on a fillet "Consilio et animis."

[La Bigne. Magna Bibliotheca Veterum Patrum et Antiq. Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum. Coloniae Agrippinae, 1618.]

Crest.—A lion sejant affrontée gu., holding in his dexter paw a sword ppr., pommelled and hilted or, and in the sinister paw a fleur-de-lys az.

John Maitland (born circ. 1580, died 18th January 1645) was the only son of John Maitland, Lord Maitland of Thirlestane, and succeeded to his father's peerage in 1595. In 1616 Lord Maitland was created Viscount Lauderdale, and in 1624, Earl of Lauderdale. Lord Lauderdale was a Lord of Session in Scotland.

MANNERS, FRANCIS, SEVENTH EARL OF RUTLAND

Crest.—Within the Garter. On a chapeau gu., turned up erm., a peacock in pride ppr. Ros afterwards Manners.

[Ruvius. Commentarii in Octo libros Aristotelis de Physico. Col. Agrippinae, 1616.]

Francis Manners (born 1578, died 17th December 1632) was the son of John Manners, Earl of Rutland. He was educated at Cambridge, and studied law at the Inner Temple. Mr. Manners was made a Knight of the[Pg 280] Order of the Bath in 1604, and in 1612, on the death of his elder brother, Roger, he succeeded to his father's peerage.

Lord Rutland was Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire, Constable of Nottingham Castle, and in 1612 he entertained James I. at Belvoir Castle. In consequence of certain legal decisions adverse to his claim to an older title he was, in 1616, made Lord Ross of Hamlake. In the same year he was made a Knight of the Garter. He carried the sceptre with the dove at the coronation of Charles I., was Chief-Justice of Eyre north of Trent, and in 1623 he commanded the fleet sent to escort Prince Charles back from Spain.

The beautiful crest of a peacock in pride upon a chapeau was adopted by the Manners family after the marriage, in the fifteenth century, of Sir Robert Manners of Etal, Northumberland, with Eleanor, daughter and heiress of Thomas, 10th Lord Ros, whose crest it was. The family crest of Sir Robert Manners was a bull's head erased gu., ducally gorged and chained or.

MANNERS, JOHN, DUKE OF RUTLAND

Arms.—Or, 2 bars az., a chief quarterly of the second and gu.; the first and fourth quarters each charged with 2 fleurs-de-lys or, the second and third quarters each charged with a lion of England or. Manners.

This chief was originally gu., and the change made in it, incorporating the fleurs-de-lys of France and the lion of England, was an augmentation granted in consideration of descent from Edward IV.

John Manners (born 29th May 1638, died 10th January 1710) was the son of John Manners, ninth Earl of Rutland, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1679.

Before this, however, he had been created Lord Manners of Haddon. He carried the Queen's sceptre with the cross at the coronation of James II. He supported the Protestant cause, and the Princess Anne at one time took refuge at Belvoir Castle, and when she presently became Queen she created Lord Manners Marquis of Granby and Duke of Rutland.

MARY, QUEEN OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND

The Princess Mary (born 18th February 1516, died 17th November 1558) was the daughter of Henry VIII. and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. In 1553 she succeeded her brother Edward VI. on the throne of England.

In 1554 Queen Mary married Prince Philip, afterwards Philip II., King of Spain, but the marriage was neither happy nor popular.

[Pg 284]

The bindings made for Queen Mary often show her coat-of-arms encircled by flames. They were bound by Thomas Berthelet, who had been Royal Bookbinder to Henry VIII. Most of the books are bound in calf, but some are in embroidered velvet, and show the pomegranate flower. Mary also used the badges of the fleur-de-lys and the portcullis of the De Beauforts. Her initials, "M. I.," are sometimes used on her bindings. Queen Mary used the same supporters as Henry VIII. in the latter part of his reign, namely, the lion and the red dragon, but they do not show on any of her books. Queen Mary's books came to the British Museum in 1757.

MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTLAND

Arms.—Or, a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counterflory gu. Scotland.

Crest.—The Scottish Royal Crown, ppr., thereon a lion sejant or, holding in his dexter paw a sword and in his sinister paw a sceptre, all ppr.

Supporters.—Two unicorns arg., armed, unguled, each gorged with a princely coronet and chained or, as used by James I. (q.v.).

Behind the shield are two spears, on the dexter of which is a banner bearing the arms of Scotland, and on the sinister a banner bearing the cross of St. Andrew arg., on a field az.

The shield is enclosed within the collar of the Order of the Thistle, from which depends the badge of the Order.

Cypher Μ., i.e. "Marie," and Φ, i.e. "Francis," used about 1559 or 1560, when Mary was Queen of Francis II., King of France.

Mary, Princess of Scotland (born 8th December 1542, died 8th February 1587), was the daughter of James V., King of Scotland, and on his death in 1542, when she was eight days old, she succeeded to his crown. Mary was the granddaughter of the Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII., who had married James IV., King of Scotland, in 1502.

In 1558 she married the Dauphin of France, who shortly afterwards became king as Francis II. He died in 1560, and Mary returned to Scotland, and in 1565 married Henry Stuart, Earl of Darnley, who was proclaimed King of Scotland on the day of his marriage.

[Pg 288]

Lord Darnley was murdered in 1567, and Queen Mary dethroned in favour of her son, James VI., and in the same year she married John Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, who is supposed to have been Darnley's murderer. Troubles multiplied round the unfortunate queen. Her husband had to take refuge abroad, and she herself was made a prisoner and shut up at Loch Leven. Queen Mary asked Queen Elizabeth's help in the discords which became incessant in Scotland, and at last Mary was induced to put herself in her rival's power, and took refuge at Carlisle.

The end was that after a long imprisonment in England she was tried, condemned, and beheaded at Fotheringay in 1587, the plea being that she had conspired against Queen Elizabeth's life.

Queen Mary was very intellectual and a notable linguist. Many of her books are bound in black and have black edges. This is supposed to have been intended as a mark of mourning for her first husband. Mary's only son, James VI., succeeded to the throne of England on the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, his title in England being James I.

Supporters.—Dexter: A unicorn arg., maned, horned, hoofed, and gorged with a princely coronet and chained or.

Crest.—The crest of Scotland as used by Mary, Queen of Scotland, but on an English Royal Crown. Behind the shield are two standards bearing respectively the crosses of St. Andrew and St. George, and the helmet, collar of the Order of the Thistle, and motto are all as used by Queen Mary.

MARY OF MODENA, QUEEN CONSORT OF JAMES II.

Ensigned with a Royal Crown of foreign design, and enclosed between two palm branches.

As used by James I. (q.v.). Over all the label, with three points arg., of an eldest son.

Supporters.—Dexter: A lion of England or, wearing a princely coronet ppr., and charged on the neck with a label of three points arg.

Note.—This stamp was made while James was still Duke of York, that is to say, between 1673 and 1685.

Mary Beatrice of Modena (born 5th October 1658, died 7th May 1718) was a daughter of Alphonso IV., D'Este, Duke of Modena. She was a strong Roman Catholic. In 1673 she married James, Duke of York, whom she presently converted to the Roman Catholic religion, and when she became queen in 1685, her influence over the king continued to be very great. There were many disquieting rumours about the birth of the Prince of Wales, and Queen Mary was never liked in England. She seems, however, to have been a devoted and affectionate wife.

Her trouble culminated about 1688, when she fled to France with her little son, and was well and honourably received by Louis XIV. James II. presently joined her at the Palace of St. Germain, which the French king had put at his disposal on his deposition from the throne of England in 1689. After James's death in 1701 Queen Mary continued to live at St. Germain, and remained there for the rest of her life.

MARY, PRINCESS OF ENGLAND, AFTERWARDS QUEEN OF FRANCE AND DUCHESS OF SUFFOLK.

Note.—The book bears the arms of Henry VIII., and the initials have been added. It is one of the earliest gold-tooled English bindings in existence, and was probably made by John Taverner for an earlier inside than that which it now covers.

Mary Tudor (born 1497, died 23rd June 1534) was the youngest daughter of Henry VII. At an early age she was enamoured of Charles Brandon, afterwards Duke of Suffolk. Henry VIII., however, decided that her marriage with Louis XII. of France was more expedient, and in 1514 she became his Queen. Next year she was left a widow, and almost immediately she married the Duke of Suffolk abroad, and the marriage was afterwards re-solemnised in England.

MATTHEW, TOBIAS, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK

Tobias Matthew (born circ. 1546, died 29th March 1628) was the son of John Matthew of Ross in Herefordshire. He was educated at Oxford and ordained in 1566. He preached before Queen Elizabeth at St. Mary's Church in the High Street at Oxford, and attracted Her Majesty's attention by his eloquence and his handsome appearance. He was made a Canon of Christchurch Cathedral in 1570, and Dean in 1576. In 1583 he was Dean of Durham. In 1595 he was consecrated Bishop of Durham, and in 1606 Archbishop of York. Archbishop Matthew took a prominent part in the political as well as the theological affairs of his time. Lady Arabella Stuart was imprisoned in his house, and she escaped from it in 1611.

MONCK, CHRISTOPHER, SECOND DUKE OF ALBEMARLE

Arms.—Within the Garter. Gu., a chevron between 3 lions' heads erased arg. Monck.

Christopher Monck (born circ. 1653, died 6th October 1688) was the son of General George Monck, who, in recognition of his services concerning the restoration of Charles II., was by that monarch created Duke of Albemarle in 1660. Christopher Monck succeeded his father in the Dukedom in 1669. He was made a Knight of the Garter in the same year, and in 1687 he was appointed Governor of Jamaica.

MONTAGU, JOHN, SECOND DUKE OF MONTAGU

On an escutcheon of pretence. Sa., a lion rampant arg., on a canton of the last a cross gu. Churchill.

Crest.—Within the Garter. A griffin's head couped or, beak and wings endorsed sa. Montagu.

John Montagu (born circ. 1688, died 6th July 1749) was the son of Ralph Montagu, Duke of Montagu, whom he succeeded in 1709. At the coronation of George I. the Duke of Montagu was High Constable, and he was Governor of St. Lucia and St. Vincent, both of which islands were given to him by the king.

The Duke of Montagu carried the sceptre with the cross at the coronation of George II., and in 1740 he was made Master-General of the Ordnance. He raised a regiment of cavalry, known as "Montagu's Carabineers." In 1719 he was made a Knight of the Garter, and in 1725 Grand Master of the Order of the Bath, and he also held several military appointments. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Royal College of Physicians.

The Duke's town residence, Montagu House, originally occupied the site now covered by the British Museum, and at his death it was acquired by the Government. Many alterations were carried out for the better housing of the collections which were placed in it, and eventually it was entirely rebuilt in a more convenient form. It had been originally built for Ralph, the first Duke of Montagu. The Duke married Mary Churchill, daughter of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, the great General. Lady Mary Churchill's only brother having died as a boy, she and her sisters became heraldic heiresses, so their coat-of-arms were borne on an escutcheon of pretence in the centre of the coats-of-arms of their respective husbands.

MORDAUNT, JOHN, VISCOUNT MORDAUNT

Crest.—A Saracen's head in profile ppr., wreathed about the temples, arg. and sa. Mordaunt.

John Mordaunt (born 18th June 1626, died 5th June 1675) was the second son of John Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough. He was educated at Oxford and was a strong Royalist. In 1658 he was in consequence tried for his life, and only escaped death by one vote. He was with Charles II. on the Continent, and in 1659 was created Viscount Mordaunt of Avalon. In 1660, on the Restoration, Lord Mordaunt was knighted. He commanded a troop of horse and a regiment of foot, and was Constable of Windsor Castle and Keeper of the Great Park. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Surrey.

MUSGRAVE, SIR WILLIAM, BARONET

Crest.—Two arms in armour, gauntleted ppr., holding an annulet or. Musgrave.

William Musgrave (born 8th October 1735, died 16th January 1800) was the second son of Sir Richard Musgrave of Hayton Castle, and succeeded to the family Baronetcy in 1755, on the death of his elder brother.

Sir William was a Commissioner of Customs and of Accounts, a Fellow and Vice-President of the Royal Society, a lawyer of much distinction, and a Bencher and Treasurer of the Middle Temple. He was author of a very useful compilation known as Musgrave's Obituary; it gives reference to places where the various persons deceased are mentioned, and also further particulars. The obituary was published by the Harleian Society in 1899-1901.

Sir William Musgrave made large collections of manuscripts on the subject of portrait-painting in England, and also concerning the history of England. He bequeathed these manuscripts, as well as a considerable number of printed books, to the British Museum, of which he was a Trustee. He had already given several books to the library during his lifetime, many of which contain an autograph note of the presentation.

NAUNTON, SIR ROBERT

Robert Naunton (born circ. 1563, died 27th March 1635) was the son of Henry Naunton of Alderton. He was educated at Cambridge, where in 1594 he was elected Public Orator, and travelled largely on the Continent for the purpose of studying politics. He was Member of Parliament for Helston in 1606, then for Camelford and for Suffolk, and sat in three Parliaments as Member for Cambridge. In 1614 he received the honour of Knighthood, and in 1617 became Secretary of State, and afterwards Master of the Court of Wards. Sir Robert was an earnest Protestant, and the Catholics considered that he was too strongly opposed to their interests. The latter part of his life was troubled, chiefly because he was too free in expressing his own views as to matters of public interest. Although he held several important official offices, he does not appear to have been a man of much talent, but his management of the matters entrusted to him was marked by strong common sense and trustworthiness. He wrote several valuable books on travel, biography, and history.

NEVILL, GEORGE, EARL OF ABERGAVENNY

Badges.—1. A Lancastrian rose gu., seeded or, and leaved vert. 2. A portcullis of De Beaufort arg., chained and ringed or, nailed az. Both ensigned with an Earl's Coronet.

[C. Suetonius. Tranquillus ex recensione F. Oudendorpii. Lugduni Batavorum, 1751.]

George Nevill (born 24th June 1727, died 9th September 1785) was the son of William Nevill, Lord Abergavenny. He was a godson of George II., and succeeded his father in the Barony in 1744. Lord Abergavenny was Lord Lieutenant of Sussex, and in 1784 he was created Earl of Abergavenny.

The use of the badges shown is not confined to any particular earl, but had been generally used by the Nevill family for a long time. The Red Rose of Lancaster was adopted as a badge by Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick, whose daughter Anne married Edward, Prince of Wales, only son of Henry VI., the last of the Lancastrian Kings, in 1470. The Princess Anne afterwards married Richard III., the last of the Yorkist Kings. The portcullis was used as a badge of descent from the house of De Beaufort, and both badges are still used by the family of Nevill.

NOEL, BAPTIST, THIRD EARL OF GAINSBOROUGH

Baptist Noel (born 1684, died 17th April 1714) was the son of Baptist Noel of Luffenham, Rutland, who was the eldest son, by his fourth marriage, of Baptist Noel, second Baron Noel and third Viscount Campden. The eldest son of Lord Campden succeeded to his father's title in 1682, and in 1681 he was created Earl of Gainsborough with special remainder to his younger brothers. In consequence of this remainder, on the death of Wriothesley Noel, second Earl of Gainsborough, in 1691, without male heir, the Earldom reverted to Baptist Noel, his cousin, who succeeded as third Earl.

Lord Gainsborough married, about 1706, his first cousin, Dorothy Manners, daughter of John, first Duke of Rutland.

PARKER, MATTHEW, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY

Arms.—Gu., on a chevron between 3 keys erect arg., as many estoiles of the field. The estoiles were an augmentation added in 1559. Parker.

Matthew Parker (born 6th August 1504, died 17th May 1575) was educated at Cambridge, and in 1527 he took orders and became a Fellow of his College, and quickly made a name as a powerful preacher. In 1537 he was made Chaplain to the King and a Prebendary of Ely. He became Master of his old College, St. Benet's (Corpus Christi), in 1544. In 1552 he was Dean of Lincoln, but on Mary's accession he lost that and his other preferments on the ground of his being married.

During all Queen Mary's reign Dr. Parker kept himself well out of the way, but when Elizabeth came to the throne he was sought out and in 1559 consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury, being the second Protestant Archbishop of that See.

[Pg 307]

Archbishop Parker concerned himself much with literature, and wrote several valuable books. He had much to do with the Book of Common Prayer, and also with the revisal of the then existing translation of the Bible, the edition finally issued by him being known as the "Bishop's Bible." He founded the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1572, and bequeathed a large number of books and manuscripts to the University of Cambridge and to his old College.

Archbishop Parker had a staff of workmen in his own house, part of which was fully equipped for their use. His work De Antiquitate Britannicae Ecclesiae, of which it is said no two copies are alike, as the Archbishop made some alterations in the proofs every time they were submitted to him, is said to have been printed at the Archbishop's press by John Day. Some of his books are beautifully bound in embroidered velvet, also supposed to have been done in his own house. In one of his letters to Lord Burghley, he says that he has in his house "Paynters, Lymners, Wryters, and Book-Bynders." It is possible that several of the fine bindings made for Queen Elizabeth and for Lord Burghley were really made in the Archbishop's workshop.

PEPYS, SAMUEL, SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY

Crest.—A camel's head erased or, bridled, lined, ringed, and gorged with a ducal coronet or.

Variety.—A shield lettered "SAM. PEPYS CAR. ET IAC. ANGL. REGIB. A SECRETIS ADMIRALIÆ."

Samuel Pepys (born 23rd February 1632, died 26th May 1703) was the son of John Pepys of Cottenham, in Cambridgeshire. He was educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge, and became clerk of the Acts of the Navy in 1660.

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In 1673 Mr. Pepys was Secretary to the Admiralty, and he introduced several admirable reforms in the management of that office, which he retained until 1689. He accompanied Lord Dartmouth to Tangier, and made several expeditions to the Continent and about the coasts of England.

In 1690 he published his Memoirs concerning the navy of England, a very important work. In 1684 Mr. Pepys was President of the Royal Society. He left a considerable library to his old College at Cambridge, manuscripts as well as printed books, and also several prints. Pepys kept a curious Diary in cypher from 1659 to 1669. It has been deciphered and published several times, but the best edition is that issued by Mr. H. B. Wheatley in 1893.

PERCY, HENRY, NINTH EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND

Henry Percy (born April 1564, died 5th November 1632) was the son of the eighth Earl of Northumberland and succeeded his father, who was murdered in the Tower, in 1585. Lord Northumberland was fined and imprisoned in the Tower in consequence of an alleged complicity in the Gunpowder Plot. In 1593 he was made a Knight of the Garter, and in 1603 he was Captain of the Corps of Gentlemen Pensioners.

Northumberland was in distant remainder to the Crown of England, and at one time it was probable that his claims might be strengthened by a marriage with Lady Arabella Stuart, niece of Lord Darnley, and great-granddaughter of Margaret, elder daughter of Henry VII., but the negotiation came to nothing. The Earl was fond of scientific pursuits and was known as "The Wizard Earl," and was a great smoker. The badge of the silver crescent was used by the Percy family generally and not exclusively by any particular member of it.

PETTY, WILLIAM FITZMAURICE, MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE

Supporters.—Two pegasi erm., bridled, crined, winged, and unguled or., each charged on the shoulder with a fleur-de-lys az.

William Fitzmaurice Petty (born 1737, died 7th May 1805) was the son of John, Earl of Shelburne. He was educated at Oxford, and then entered the army, and fought at Campen and at Minden, eventually becoming a general officer. He represented High Wycombe in Parliament. In 1761, on the death of his father, William Petty became Earl of Shelburne, and quickly made his mark in the House of Lords, and became head of the Board of Trade. In 1766 he became a Secretary of State for the Southern Department. On the death of Lord Rockingham in 1782, Lord Shelburne succeeded as Premier, and held this position until 1783. In 1784 Lord Shelburne was created Marquis of Lansdowne, and he spent the remainder of his life at his beautiful Wiltshire seat of Bowood.

About 1765 he began collecting books, particularly those concerning history and politics. Among the books collected by Lord Shelburne were several which had belonged to Sir Julius Cæsar, and also many of Lord Burghley's. Lord Lansdowne's manuscripts were acquired for the British Museum by purchase after his death.

PHILPOT, JOHN, SOMERSET HERALD

On an escutcheon of pretence. Az., a chevron erm., between 3 crescents arg. Glover.

Crest.—Out of a ducal coronet, a dexter arm embowed in armour holding in the hand a sword guttée de sang, all ppr.

John Philpot (born c. 1587, died 20th November 1645) was the son of Henry Philpot, at one time Mayor of Folkestone. He married Susan Glover, niece of the Somerset Herald, Robert Glover. In 1618 Philpot was appointed Blanch Lion Pursuivant, and a little later Rouge Dragon. He was deputy for William Camden in the visitations of Kent, Hampshire, Berkshire, Gloucestershire, Sussex, Buckingham, Oxfordshire, and Rutlandshire.

In 1624 he became Somerset Herald, and held also the office of Steward of the Manors of Gillingham and Grain. Philpot supported the cause of Charles I., and fought for him, and in 1644 he was made prisoner by the Parliamentarians. Besides his several Visitations, Philpot published several other valuable historical and genealogical works, and left many more in manuscript. Several of his books are at the College of Arms.

POULETT, THE LADY BRIDGET

Bridget Poulett (born c. 1720, died c. 1780) was the eldest daughter of John Poulett, Earl Poulett. Lady Bridget married Pollexpen Bastard of Kitly in Devon. She had three sisters, one of whom married John Parker, and these two would have used the same coat-of-arms within a lozenge before their marriage. The other two sisters died unmarried, so they would always have used it.

It is not now safe to say, without further information, to which of these sisters any particular book bearing this coat belonged.

PYE, SIR ROBERT, KNIGHT

Crest.—A cross crosslet fitchée gu., between two wings expanded arg., over all a crescent for difference.

Robert Pye (born 1585, died 1662) was Remembrancer of the Exchequer in 1618, and received the honour of Knighthood in 1621. He was a strong Parliamentarian, and his son Robert married a daughter of John Hampden. Sir Robert Pye acquired the property of Faringdon in Berkshire, where his descendants lived for a long time. He represented Woodstock in Parliament.

RADCLIFFE, ROBERT, FIFTH EARL OF SUSSEX

Robert Radclyffe (born c. 1560, died 22nd September 1629) was the only son of Henry Radclyffe, fourth Earl of Sussex. In 1593 Robert, styled Viscount Fitzwalter, succeeded to his father's earldom. In 1594 he went to Scotland as Ambassador for the christening of Prince Henry, and he commanded a regiment of infantry at Cadiz in 1596, when he was knighted by the Earl of Essex. Lord Sussex twice acted as Earl Marshal, and in 1599 he was made a Knight of the Garter. In 1599 he was Colonel General of Foot, and in 1626 he carried the orb at the coronation of Charles I. Lord Sussex served as Lord Lieutenant of Essex and Governor of Harwich.

RAWDON, JOHN, BARON RAWDON

Crest.—On a mural coronet arg., a pheon sa., with a laurel branch issuant thereout ppr. Rawdon.

John Rawdon (born c. 1710, died 20th June 1793) was the son of Sir John Rawdon, Baronet, of Moira, Member of Parliament for County Down. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1723, and in 1750 was raised to the peerage as Baron Rawdon. In 1761 he was created Earl of Moira in the peerage of Ireland.

The same crest would have been borne for a time by the son of Lord Moira, Francis Rawdon-Hastings, who was an eminent soldier. He was in 1783 created an English Peer by the same title as was enjoyed by his father, Baron Rawdon, by which he was known until 1793, when he succeeded to the Earldom of Moira. The additional surname of Hastings was assumed by Lord Rawdon in 1790, in accordance with the will of his maternal uncle Francis Hastings, tenth Earl of Huntingdon.

RAWDON, MARMADUKE

Marmaduke Rawdon (born March 1609, died 7th February 1668) belonged to an old Yorkshire family, and was the son of Laurence Rawdon of York. Mr. Rawdon entered the employ of an uncle who was a merchant, and travelled about the world in his service. He was for a long time in the Canary Islands, and he made an ascent of the Peak of Teneriffe. Rawdon was a noted antiquary, and he made valuable notes of his travels. His "Life" has been edited for the Camden Society by Mr. Robert Davies.

RAWLINSON, RICHARD

Badge.—An escallop arg., being an excerpt from the Rawlinson coat-of-arms which is gu., 2 bars gemelles between 3 escallops arg.

Richard Rawlinson (born 3rd January 1690, died 6th April 1755) was the fourth son of Sir Thomas Rawlinson, Lord Mayor of London. He was educated at Oxford and took Orders in 1716. In 1728 he was consecrated nonjuring Bishop, but never accepted the duties of the position. Dr. Rawlinson was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries. He was a great collector of books and manuscripts, the greater part of which he bequeathed to Oxford, where they are now kept in the Bodleian Library. Others were sold by auction. Dr. Rawlinson wrote a number of books on antiquarian and topographical subjects, and he left his heart to his old college, St. John's, at Oxford, where it is still kept in the chapel in a marble urn.

RIVERS, SIR JOHN, BART.

Crest.—A bull statant arg., ducally crowned, collared, ringed and armed or. Rivers.

John Rivers (born circ. 1579, died circ. 1651) was the son of Sir George Rivers, and grandson of Sir John Rivers, Lord Mayor of London. Mr. Rivers was educated at Oxford, and admitted to the Inner Temple in 1600. In 1621 he was created a Baronet.

RUSSELL, FRANCIS, SECOND EARL OF BEDFORD

Francis Russell (born 1527, died 28th July 1585) was the son of John Russell, K.G., created Earl of Bedford in 1549. In 1554 Francis Russell succeeded to his father's earldom, and in 1546 he was made a Knight of the Bath. He was High Sheriff of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, Member of Parliament for Northumberland, and Lord Lieutenant for Bucks.

Lord Bedford served as Ambassador to France on two occasions, and in 1564 he was made a Knight of the Garter. He also served as Chief Justice in Eyre south of Trent, and Lord Lieutenant of Dorset, Devon, and Cornwall. He was known as the "Good Earl of Bedford," and entertained Queen Elizabeth both at Chenies and at Woburn.

RUSSELL, WRIOTHESLEY, SECOND DUKE OF BEDFORD

Wriothesley Russell (born 1st November 1680, died 26th May 1711) was the son of William Russell, second son of William Russell, first Duke of Bedford. His mother was Rachel, daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton. In 1700 Wriothesley Russell succeeded to the Dukedom on the death of his grandfather the first Duke. He was educated at Oxford, and in 1701 was a Gentleman of the Bedchamber, and acted as Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire, of Cambridgeshire, and of Middlesex. He was Lord High Constable at the coronation of Queen Anne, on which occasion he was made a Knight of the Garter.

Through Rachel Wriothesley the Manors of Bloomsbury and St. Giles-in-the-Fields came into possession of the Russell family, and for a long time they lived at Bedford House, which occupied the site now forming the northern side of Bloomsbury Square.

SACKVILLE, EDWARD, FOURTH EARL OF DORSET

Edward Sackville (born circ. 1590, died 17th July 1652) was the son of Richard Sackville, third Earl of Dorset. He was educated at Oxford, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1624. Mr. Sackville was Member of Parliament for Sussex, and in 1616 was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, and after his succession to the peerage he acted as Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex, and later of Sussex. In 1625 he was made a Knight of the Garter.

Lord Dorset carried one of the swords at the coronation of Charles I., and served as Chamberlain of the Household in 1644. He married Mary Curzon, governess to the king's children.

SAINT-GEORGE, SIR RICHARD, KNIGHT

[Collection of Manuscript Tracts of the Seventeenth Century. Add. MS. 577, b. 5.]

Richard Saint-George (born circ. 1577, died 17th May 1635) was the son of Thomas Saint-George of Hatley Saint-George, Cambridge. He was always a great student of heraldry and genealogy. In 1602 he was made Berwick Pursuivant, and in 1603 Norroy King-of-Arms. He conducted visitations of Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, Lancashire, and other counties. In 1616 he received the honour of Knighthood.

Sir Richard became Clarencieux King-of-Arms in 1623, and presently, with Sir John Borough, Norroy, he conducted several further visitations in the southern counties of England. He wrote several valuable genealogical works, many of which are among the manuscripts in the British Museum. Many of his writings have been published. His son Henry afterwards became Garter King-of-Arms.

SALWEY, HUMPHREY

Humphrey Salwey (born circ. 1575, died December 1652) was educated at Oxford, and entered the Middle Temple in 1591. He took part in the Civil War on the side of Parliament. In 1644 he was appointed King's Remembrancer in the Court of Exchequer. In 1649 he was made a Judge, but never took his place as such. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

SANDYS, SIR THOMAS, KNIGHT

Arms.—Or, a fess dancetty between 3 crosses crosslet fitchée gu., a fleur-de-lys for difference. Sandys.

Edwin Sandys (born 9th December 1561, died October 1642) was the sixth son of Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' and Oxford, and in 1589 entered the Middle Temple as a student. In 1586 Mr. Sandys represented Andover in Parliament, and afterwards sat for Plympton. He wrote some books on religious subjects during a visit to Paris. In 1603 he received the honour of Knighthood, and was Member of Parliament for Stockbridge.

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Sir Edwin Sandys was conspicuous in Parliament, and got into trouble about his views as to the succession to the throne, and had to appear before the Council, but nothing was done further than that he had to give security for his appearance if wanted. He was an active member of the East India Company, and the Sandys group of islands in the Somers Islands was named after him. He also took a prominent part in the affairs of the Virginia Company, of which he was elected Treasurer in 1619, in succession to Sir Thomas Smythe. His administration, however, in the long-run, was no better than that of his predecessor, and in 1621 he was imprisoned in the Tower, but soon released.

Sir Edwin was returned to Parliament as Member for Sandwich, and afterwards for Penrhyn, but soon afterwards left public life, and devoted himself to his favourite East India Company. His political career was of much interest and importance.

SAY, WILLIAM

Arms.—Quarterly, or and gu., in the first quarter a lion passant guardant az. A crescent for difference. Say.

William Say (born c. 1604, died c. 1666) was the second son of William Say of Ickenham, Middlesex. He was educated at Oxford, and was a Bencher of the Middle Temple. Mr. Say was a Member of Parliament for Camelford, and signed the death warrant of Charles I. For a time, in the absence of Speaker Lenthal, Say acted as Speaker in the House of Commons.

At the Restoration Say had to leave England, and found refuge in Holland, where he died.

SHEFFIELD, JOHN, THIRD EARL OF MULGRAVE, AFTERWARDS DUKE OF THE COUNTY OF BUCKINGHAM.

John Sheffield (born 7th April 1648, died 24th February 1720) was the son of Edmund Sheffield, second Earl of Mulgrave, and succeeded his father in 1658. John Sheffield had an eventful military and naval career, the two professions being in his time curiously considered as one. As a sailor he took part in the fight at Solebay in 1672 under the Duke of York, and afterwards was Captain of the "Royal Catherine." As a soldier Lord Mulgrave was Colonel of the Holland Regiment, Governor of Hull, and commanded a force at Tangier. In 1674 he was made a Knight of the Garter. He was a member of the Privy Council and Lord Chamberlain of the Household. In 1694 he was made Marquis of Normandy, and in 1703, Duke of Normandy, and shortly afterwards Duke of the County of Buckingham. He was a book-lover, and an author of some repute in his own time.

SHELDON, RALPH

Ralph Sheldon (born 1st August 1623, died 24th June 1684) was the son of William Sheldon of Beoley, Worcestershire, and an ardent collector of antiquities, particularly books and manuscripts. He collected a large library at his house "Weston," at Long Compton, Warwickshire, and bequeathed to the College of Arms a large number of the manuscripts of Augustine Vincent, Windsor Herald. Mr. Sheldon suffered persecution as a Catholic. He wrote several genealogical treatises, many of which are now kept at the College of Arms.

SLOANE, SIR HANS, BART.

Arms.—Gu., a sword in pale, point downwards, blade arg., hilted or, between 2 boars' heads couped at the neck of the third; on a chief erm., a lion passant of the first between 2 mascles sa. The Ulster hand gu., on an escutcheon arg., in the dexter chief.

Hans Sloane (born 16th April 1660, died 11th January 1753) was the son of Alexander Sloane, a Scotchman who settled in Ireland as receiver-general of the estates of Lord Clanricarde.

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When he was about eighteen Hans Sloane came to London to pursue his studies, particularly medicine, chemistry, and botany. In botany he became a great authority, and his botanical collections were of great importance. In 1683 he went to France to continue his scientific studies, and on his return to London he set up as a practising physician in England.

In 1687 Dr. Sloane went to the West Indies as physician to Christopher Monck, second Duke of Albemarle, who was Governor-General of the West Indian Colonies, and during the voyage the doctor made valuable collections, chiefly botanical, and also brought together a mass of material for his future use as an author. Dr. Sloane's botanical collections were largely increased by bequests from friends, particularly that of William Courten in 1702. In 1693 Dr. Sloane was Secretary to the Royal Society, and he was also Physician-in-Chief to George I., who in 1716 created him a Baronet. He was President of the College of Physicians in 1719 and of the Royal Society in 1727. Sir Hans Sloane lived in a house in Great Russell Street, and in 1741 he moved to more roomy quarters at the Manor House, Chelsea, where his collections could be better seen.

By his will Sir Hans Sloane bequeathed his natural history collections, antiquities of all sorts, manuscripts, and printed books to the British Nation, conditional on the payment to his family of £20,000, and after considerable negotiation the offer was accepted. In 1753 an Act (25th George II., chap. 22) was passed "for the purchase of the Museum or Collection of Sir Hans Sloane," and the collections were in time, with others, removed to Montagu House, which was opened to the public in 1759. The Sloane family is represented among the Family Trustees of the British Museum.

SMITH, JOSEPH, CONSUL

Arms.—Arg., 2 chevrons sa., each charged with 3 fleurs-de-lys of the first; on a chief gu., a lion passant or. Smith.

Crest.—A dexter arm erect, vested chequy, vert and or, holding in the hand a sheaf of 3 arrows of the last.

Joseph Smith (born circ. 1682, died 6th November 1770) went as a young man to Venice, and quickly became known as an ardent collector of books and objects of art generally. In 1740 he was appointed British Consul at Venice. In 1762 Smith's library was bought for George III., and formed the first important nucleus of His Majesty's splendid collection. It contained especially choice editions of the classics, and also many incunabula.

Mr. Smith continued to collect books after the king had made his purchase, and these were eventually sold by auction in 1773. George III. also acquired a fine collection of pictures, coins, and gems that had been brought together by Consul Smith.

SMITH, SIR THOMAS, KNIGHT, OF HILL HALL, ESSEX

Thomas Smith (born 23rd December 1513, died 12th August 1577) was the second son of John Smith of Saffron Walden, and Agnes Charnock.

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He was educated at Cambridge, where he attracted attention by his ability and was given a special scholarship by Henry VIII. In 1531 Smith was made a Fellow of his College, and shortly afterwards University Orator. In 1544 he was made Regius Professor of Civil Law. He was Provost of Eton and Dean of Carlisle. Although in Orders, Smith presently came to Court and became Clerk of the Privy Council, and in 1548 he was made one of the Secretaries to the King, and shortly afterwards received the honour of Knighthood. He went as Ambassador to the Emperor Charles V., and with an Embassy to France in 1551.

On the accession of Queen Mary, Smith changed his crest, and adopted that of a salamander living in the midst of flames, alluding perhaps to the fact that he escaped free from the dangers of the time, he being a strong Protestant. The Smith crest before this had been an eagle holding a pen in his claw. Queen Elizabeth in turn favoured Sir Thomas, and made him Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, and soon afterwards Secretary of State. Sir Thomas Smith had a large library of books, which he bequeathed to one or other of the Colleges at Cambridge, or among private friends. He wrote several works, mostly political.

SMYTHE, THOMAS, VISCOUNT STRANGFORD

Thomas Smythe (born c. 1599, died 30th June 1635) was the son of Sir John Smythe of Ostenhanger and Ashford, High Sheriff of Kent in 1600. Thomas Smythe inherited a considerable fortune from his father, who was a son of Thomas Smythe, Farmer of the Customs to Queen Elizabeth, his mother being Alice Judd, daughter of Sir Andrew Judd, Lord Mayor of London and founder of Tunbridge School. In 1625, at the coronation of Charles I., Thomas Smythe was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, and three years later he was created Viscount of Strangford.

SOMERS, JOHN, BARON SOMERS

Supporters.—2 lions erm., each charged on the neck with a fess dancetty vert.

John Somers (born 4th March 1650, died 26th April 1716) was son of John Somers of Clifton-on-Severn. He was educated at Worcester and Oxford, and became a Bencher of the Middle Temple in 1689.

Mr. Somers became Solicitor-General in 1688, when he received the honour of Knighthood, and he represented Worcester in Parliament. Sir John was sworn of the Privy Council in 1693, and shortly afterwards was made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, Speaker of the House of Lords, and Lord Chancellor. In 1697 he was created Baron Somers of Evesham. Lord Somers was President of the Royal Society. In 1701 he was impeached in the Commons for various supposed misdemeanours, but the charge was dismissed.

The Barony of Somers became extinct at John Somers' death in 1716, but it was revived in 1784 in the person of Charles Cocks of Castleditch, M.P. for Reigate, who was a descendant of a sister of the first Lord.

SPENCER, CHARLES, THIRD EARL OF SUNDERLAND

Arms.—Quarterly; arg. and gu., on the second and third quarters a fret or, over all on a bend sa., 3 escallops of the first. Spencer.

Crest.—Out of a ducal coronet or, a griffin's head arg., gorged gu., between 2 wings expanded of the second. Spencer.

Charles Spencer (born c. 1674, died 19th April 1722) was the son of Robert Spencer, second Earl of Sunderland, and succeeded his father in 1702. He was from an early age a great lover and collector of books, which he kept at Althorp.

In 1695 he was Member of Parliament for Tiverton; in 1706 he was a Secretary of State for the Southern Department, and became of much political importance as a Whig leader. He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1714.

In 1715 Lord Sunderland was made Lord Privy Seal, and shortly afterwards Vice-Treasurer of Ireland. He also held the posts of Groom of the Stole and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to George I.

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Lord Sunderland was a great book collector, and a rival in this respect to most of his contemporaries. He was a great gambler, and his library was at one time pledged to the Duke of Marlborough, and in 1749 it was removed to Blenheim. The library was sold in 1881, and the books belonging to it were widely dispersed.

Lord Sunderland's son Charles, who in 1729 became fifth earl, on the demise of his aunt Henrietta, by special Act of Parliament Duchess of Marlborough, in 1733 succeeded to the Dukedom of the celebrated John Churchill. The Earldom of Sunderland from that time has been merged in the Dukedom of Marlborough.

SPENCER, GEORGE JOHN, SECOND EARL SPENCER

Crest.—Out of a ducal coronet or, a griffin's head arg., gorged with a bar gemelle gu., between 2 wings expanded of the second.

Supporters.—Dexter: A griffin, per fess erm. and erminois, gorged with a collar sa., the edges flory counterflory chained of the last (on the collar 3 escallops arg.).

George John Spencer (born 1st September 1758, died 10th November 1834) was the son of John Spencer, Earl Spencer. In 1783 he succeeded his father in the family honours. He was educated at Harrow and Cambridge. In 1780 George Spencer was Member of Parliament for Northampton, and shortly afterwards became a Commissioner of the Treasury Board. He was also Lord Privy Seal and First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1806 he was made Secretary of State for the Home Department.

In 1781 Lord Spencer married Lavinia Bingham, daughter of Charles, Earl of Lucan, and in 1797 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Lord Spencer made a magnificent collection of books at Althorp Park, Northampton, and acquired several already celebrated libraries, particularly those of Count Reviczky and the Duke of Cassano-Serra. Several of Lord Spencer's books were bound for him by Charles Kalthoeber, a celebrated binder who worked also for George III., and closely imitated the work of Roger Payne, whose own work is also excellently represented in the library.

In 1892 the Althorp Library was purchased by Mrs. Rylands of Longford Hall, Manchester, and subsequently presented by her to the city of Manchester in memory of her husband, Mr. John Rylands.

STANLEY, THOMAS

Crest.—An eagle's head couped arg., charged with 3 pellets, one and two, holding in his beak an eagle's leg erased a la cuise, gu. Stanley.

Thomas Stanley (born circ. 1625, died circ. 1678) was the son of Sir Thomas Stanley of Cumberlow, Hertfordshire. He was educated at Cambridge, and occupied himself in literary pursuits from an early age.

Mr. Stanley wrote a number of poetical works, and also made several translations from Greek and Latin authors. In 1655 he published a History of Philosophy which during his lifetime enjoyed a great reputation. His edition of Æschylus was also very successful. Several of his manuscripts are now kept in the University Library at Cambridge.

STUART, CHARLES, BARON STUART DE ROTHESAY

Arms.—Or, a fess chequy az. and arg., within a double tressure flory counterflory gu. Stuart.

Crest.—A demi lion rampant gu., and over it the motto Nobilis (est) ira (leonis).

Arms.—Or, a fess chequy az. and arg., within a double tressure flory counterflory gu. A mullet for difference. Stuart.

Within the collar of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, having the badge of the order dependent therefrom. Used after 1812.

[Perez del Pulgar. Coronica llamada Las dos Conquistas del Regno de Napoles. Cargoça, 1559.]

Charles Stuart (born 2nd January 1779, died 6th November 1845) was the son of General Sir Charles Stuart, K.C.B., son of the Earl of Bute. Mr. Stuart had an important diplomatic career, and filled several high posts. He was Chargé d'affaires at Madrid, Envoy to Portugal, Minister at the Hague, and Ambassador to Paris.

In 1812 he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, and in 1828 he was created Baron Stuart de Rothesay, a high honour, as the Barony of Rothesay is one of the hereditary honours of the Prince of Wales. Lord Stuart was afterwards Ambassador to St. Petersburg. He brought over from France the beautiful castle of Highcliffe, Hants, where the German Emperor recently stayed. He left no male heir, so his peerage became extinct at his death.

SUTTON, THOMAS

Arms.—On a chevron between 3 annulets gu., as many crescents of the field. Sutton.

Crest.—A greyhound's head couped erm., collared gu., garnished and ringed or, on the collar an annulet of the first.

Thomas Sutton (born circ. 1532, died 12th December 1611) was the son of Richard Sutton, Steward of the Courts of Lincoln. He is said to have been educated at Eton, and afterwards studied law at Lincoln's Inn. In early life Sutton was a soldier and saw active service, and in 1569 he was appointed Master of the Ordnance in the North.

While in the north Sutton acquired considerable possessions in land, and from these he drew a large fortune. One of the ships fitted out to resist the Spanish Armada was called the "Sutton." Sutton was very generous with his money, and in 1611 he purchased Charterhouse in Middlesex, where he founded the famous school of that name. The foundation of this school was originally intended for the benefit of forty boys of good birth and necessitous parents, but in time it came about that to be a foundation scholar, or gown boy, was a mark of distinction. Thackeray was a Charterhouse boy and was familiar with the surroundings there. Besides the school, there was a foundation or hospital at Charterhouse for "poverty-stricken gentlemen." The school was moved to Godalming in 1872, but the "hospital" still remains in Charterhouse Square. Sutton's tomb is in the Chapel at the Charterhouse.

SYDNEY, ROBERT, EARL OF LEICESTER

1. Arg., a pheon az. Sydney.

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2. Barry of 10, arg. and gu., a lion rampant ducally crowned or. Brandon.

3. Or, a lion rampant az. Brabant.

4. Or, 2 lions passant az. Dudley.

5. Barry of 6, arg. and az., in chief a label of the first. Grey.

6. Arg., a maunch sa. Hastings.

7. Az., a wolf's head erased arg. Lupus.

8. Barry of 10, arg. and az., an orle of ten martlets gu. Valence, Earl of Pembroke.

9. A lion rampant.?

10. Gu., 7 mascles conjoined or, three, three, and one. Ferrers of Groby.

11. Az., a lion rampant arg., within a bordure engrailed or. Tyrrell.

12. Gu., a fess between 6 crosses crosslet or. Beauchamp.

13. Chequy, or and az., a chevron erm. Warwick.

14. Gu., a lion statant arg., crowned or. Lyle.

15. Arg., a chevron sa. Trelawney.

16. Arg., a fess dancetty gu. Dene.

Robert Sydney (born November 1563, died 13th July 1626) was the son of Sir Henry Sydney, K.G. He was educated at Oxford, and in 1584 became Member of Parliament for Glamorganshire, and afterwards for Kent. In 1586 he was knighted by the Earl of Leicester, and in 1603 he was created Baron Sydney of Penshurst, and two years afterwards Viscount L'Isle.

Lord L'Isle was made a Knight of the Garter in 1616, and in 1618 he was created Earl of Leicester. In 1584 he married Barbara Gamage of Coity, daughter of John Gamage. She died in 1621, and Lord Leicester married for his second wife Sarah, daughter of William Blount.

SYKES, SIR MARK MASTERMAN, BARONET

In the centre point the Ulster hand, gu. Above the shield are the letters M[ark] M[asterman] S[ykes].

Mark Sykes (born circ. 1771, died 16th February 1823) was the son of Sir Christopher Sykes, Baronet, of Sledmere, Yorks. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1801. Mr. Sykes was educated at Oxford, and in 1795 was High Sheriff of Yorkshire. He represented York in Parliament for several years. He assumed the additional name of Masterman in 1795, on the occasion of his marriage to Henrietta, daughter and heiress of Henry Masterman of Settrington, Yorks, but he left no heirs and was succeeded by his brother Tatton.

Sir Mark Sykes possessed a magnificent library, rich in classics and incunabula, and also a valuable collection of antiquities and pictures. His collections were sold at his death, and his books and other treasures are widely distributed.

TASH, THOMAS

Arms.—Per pale, or and gu., a chevron between 3 cinquefoils counterchanged, on a chief per pale of the second and first (2) escallops counterchanged. Tash.

Thomas Tash, of London, was one of the Commissioners of Custom for England and Wales in 1752, but there appears to be no more known about him. There ought to be another escallop on the coat-of-arms illustrated, and according to the printed authorities the crest of Tash should be a demi greyhound.

TOPSFIELD

Arms.—Gu., on a chevron erm., 3 martlets sa., in chief a mullet or. Topsfield.

[England. In this volume are conteined the statutes made ... from the time of King Henry the thirde unto ... Kyng Henry the VIII. London, 1564.]

This stamp belonged to a member of the old family of Topsfield, who owned the estate of Frisingfield, near Harleston in Norfolk, but I have as yet not been able to find out which particular member used it.

TOWNELEY, RICHARD

[The Hystory writtone by Thucidides the Athenyan of the warre which was betwene the Peloponesians and the Athenyans. London, 1550.]

The family of Towneley is one of ancient domicile in Lancashire. The member of it to whom the accompanying book-stamp probably belonged was Richard Towneley of Towneley Hall near Burnley, who lived there from about 1580 till about 1640.

His son Christopher was a well-known antiquary, but the most distinguished member of the family was Charles Towneley, who lived in the eighteenth century. He made a very important collection of ancient statuary and terra-cottas, which were purchased for the British Museum in 1805, and a member of the Towneley family is always represented on the Museum Board of Trustees.

TREVOR, MARCUS, VISCOUNT DUNGANNON

Marcus Trevor (born circ. 1620, died circ. 1683) belonged to the family of Trevor of Brynkinalt in Denbighshire. He was a strong Royalist, and took part in the struggle between Charles I. and the Parliamentarians. After the Restoration Charles II. made Colonel Trevor a peer, and in 1662 created him Baron Trevor and Viscount Dungannon, both of which peerages became extinct in 1706 on the death of his grandson Marcus. Lord Dungannon married twice; his first wife was a daughter of Sir Marmaduke Whitechurch, and his second wife was a daughter of John Lewis.

TREWARTHEN, FAMILY OF

The family of Trewarthen is an old one belonging to the county of Cornwall, but to which particular member of the family this stamp belonged I have been unable to decide at present.

TUDOR ROSE

Device.—A Tudor Rose arg. and gu., seeded or and leaved vert, within a ribbon bearing the legend HEC ROSA VIRTUTIS DE CELO MISSA SERENO ETERNŪ FLORENS REGIA SCEPTRA FERET.

Badges.—In the dexter corner a sun in glory and the shield of St. George, arg., a cross gu.

In the sinister corner a half-moon with face, and the shield of the City of London, arg., a cross gu.; in the first quarter a sword in pale of the last, point upwards. In the sky stars.

This stamp is generally found in combination with one or other of the armorial stamps which I have figured and placed under the heading of Henry VIII. No doubt there was some authority given to use these Royal emblems, and although so far no reliable account of such authority is forthcoming, it is likely enough that members of the Stationers' Company may have been granted the privilege. On all these bindings the coat-of-arms of the City of London appears. On many of them are also initials which are very often those of well-known contemporary printers and binders. The original stamps were cut in latten, a form of brass—copper and zinc—and impressed on the leather in blind, that is without gold, the design showing in low relief.

The latten plates were probably attached to wooden blocks by means of two or more metal pins, and in many instances, by reason of irregular pressure, these pins, the tops of which were engraved in continuation of the general design, have been forced a little out of their normal level. The result is that they show very clearly as indented marks. The pressure necessary to make a good impression from one of these large stamps is considerable; it may have been done by a slow constant pressure or by quick pressure from hammer strokes, and the leather was in any case softened by water. Bindings with these stamps upon them were either of calf or sheep-skin.

USHER, JAMES, ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH

James Usher (born 4th January 1580, died 21st March 1656) was the son of Arnold Usher, Clerk of the Irish Court of Chancery. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and in 1601 he took orders, and became a preacher of much note. In 1620 Dr. Usher was made Bishop of Meath and Clonmacnoise, and in 1624 he was consecrated Archbishop of Armagh.

Archbishop Usher wrote several very important theological works, and he took part in all the controversies of his time. He was a divine of much learning and a great scholar. His extensive library is for the greater part in Trinity College, Dublin, where it was sent as a gift by Charles II.

UTTERSON, EDWARD VERNON

Arms.—A Lymphad, with sail furled, on a sea in base ppr., at the poop a flag flying towards the bow, arg., fimbriated vert, charged with a pomme in fess; on a chief gu., 3 bezants, each charged with a mullet. Utterson.

[The Hystory of the two valyaunte brethren Valentyne and Orson ... translated from the French by H. Watson. London, 1565.]

Edward Vernon Utterson (born circ. 1775, died 14th July 1856) was the son of John Utterson of Fareham in Hampshire. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge, and in 1802 was called to the bar. He was all his life a great collector of books. Mr. Utterson set up a private press at Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, known as the Beldornie Press, and here he reprinted such of the early English plays and poems as pleased him. He also edited a number of reprints of important English books, some of which are very handsomely produced.

VICTORIA, QUEEN OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, EMPRESS OF INDIA.

The Princess Victoria (born 24th May 1819, died 22nd January 1901) was the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent, fourth son of George III., and Victoria Marie Louisa of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield. On the death of William IV., 18th June 1837, the Princess Victoria succeeded to the throne of England. Queen Victoria was crowned at Westminster on 20th June 1838, and on the 1st January 1877 Her Majesty was proclaimed Empress of India, at Delhi. On the 10th February 1840, Queen Victoria married her cousin Albert, the youngest son of Ernest, Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

On the accession of Queen Victoria to the English throne, the Kingdom of Hanover became separated from England, in consequence of the operation of the Salic Law. The coat-of-arms of the dominions in Germany was accordingly left out of the Royal coat. The Duke of Cumberland, the Queen's uncle, became King of Hanover, which country is now part of the German Empire.

VINCENT, AUGUSTINE, WINDSOR HERALD

Augustine Vincent (born circ. 1584, died 11th January 1625) was the son of William Vincent. He showed antiquarian and heraldic tastes at an early age, and in 1615 was made Rouge Rose Pursuivant, and in 1624 Windsor Herald. Vincent collected valuable material concerning heraldic and genealogical matter, and his manuscripts are chiefly to be found either at the College of Arms or the Bodleian Library at Oxford.

In Vincent's time it was the custom to carry out the heraldic visitations by deputy. These visitations should have been made by the Heralds in person, and in 1619 there was much trouble about the matter, and strong complaints were made to the Earl Marshal by both Garter and Norroy. The difficulty was brought to a head by the appointment of Vincent, then Rouge Rose Pursuivant, to carry out the visitations of Northamptonshire and Rutlandshire as deputy for William Camden, Clarencieux Herald.

WALDEGRAVE, JAMES, SECOND EARL WALDEGRAVE

James Waldegrave (born 4th March 1714, died 13th April 1763) was the son of James, first Earl Waldegrave, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1741. In 1752 Lord Waldegrave was Governor and Keeper of the Privy Purse to George, Prince of Wales. In 1757 he was made a Knight of the Garter and a Teller of the Exchequer. Lord Waldegrave wrote a book of Historical Memoirs from 1754 to 1757. He married a daughter of Sir Edward Walpole but had no son, and at his death the family honours devolved upon his brother John.

WALKER, SIR EDWARD, KNIGHT

Edward Walker (born 24th January 1611, died 19th February 1676) was the son of Edward Walker of Roobers, Nether Stowey, Somerset. He joined the College of Arms as an official, and in 1635 he was made[Pg 385] Blanch Lion Pursuivant, filling successively the positions of Rouge Croix Pursuivant and Chester Herald.

Walker took part with Charles I. in the war with the Roundheads, and served as Secretary-at-War, and was at Naseby. In 1644 he was created Norroy King-of-Arms, and in 1645 he succeeded Sir Henry St. George as Garter. In the same year he received the honour of Knighthood. In 1649 Sir Edward Walker was made Clerk of the Council in Ordinary, but in 1650 he got into trouble as a Royalist, and found refuge in Holland. After some trouble he invested William, Prince of Orange, with the Garter in 1653.

At the Restoration Walker superintended the arrangements for the coronation, and his remaining years seem to have been spent in quarrels with other members of the Heralds' College. Sir Edward Walker wrote a considerable number of historical and genealogical works, particularly an illustrated edition of the coronation of Charles II. Many of his manuscripts are in the British Museum, and others are at the Bodleian Library at Oxford.

WALPOLE, HORACE, FOURTH EARL OF OXFORD

Arms.—Or, on a fess between 2 chevrons sa., 3 crosses crosslet of the first, a mullet for difference. Walpole.

Crest.—The bust of a man in profile couped, ppr., ducally coroneted or, and from the coronet, flowing forward, a long cap gu., tasselled or, charged with a Catherine wheel of the last.

Horace Walpole (born 5th October 1717, died 2nd March 1797) was a younger son of Robert Walpole, Earl of Oxford, for many years Prime Minister of England. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge, and as a young man studied law. For a time Mr. Walpole served in the office of the Exchequer, and represented Callington, Castle Rising, and King's Lynn in Parliament, where the chief thing he did seems to have been that he exerted himself to save the life of Admiral Byng.

In 1792 Mr. Walpole succeeded his nephew George in the Earldom, but never took his seat in the House of Lords. On his death without heirs most of his titles became extinct, but the Barony of Walpole devolved on his cousin Horatio.

At Strawberry Hill, near Twickenham, Walpole collected a splendid library, and also a number of pictures, antiquities, and treasures of all sorts. Here also he set up a private press, at which he printed many of his own works. Many of Walpole's books are now famous; among the best known are, perhaps, the Anecdotes of Painting and the Castle of Otranto. The Strawberry Hill Collection was sold in 1840.

WARE, SIR JAMES, KNIGHT

Arms.—Or, 2 lions passant az., within a bordure of the second, charged with 8 escallops of the first, 3, 2, 2, and 1. Ware.

James Ware (born 26th November 1594, died 1st December 1666) was the son of Sir James Ware of Dublin. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and soon developed literary and antiquarian tastes, and became a collector of manuscripts and antiquities, particularly relating to Ireland. He was knighted in 1629 by the Lords Justices, and in 1632 became Auditor-General in Ireland, and in 1661 Member for the University of Dublin. Sir James was imprisoned in the Tower of London as a Royalist, and was afterwards a hostage for Ireland. Sir James Ware published some very valuable books on Irish antiquities, most of them in Latin, but a collection of his works has been translated into English.

WATSON, LEWIS, EARL OF ROCKINGHAM

Arms.—Arg., on a chevron az., between 3 martlets sa., as many crescents or. Watson.

Lewis Watson (born 29th December 1655, died 19th March 1723) was the son of Edward Watson, Baron Rockingham, and succeeded to the Barony in 1689. In 1681 Mr. Watson represented Canterbury in Parliament, and afterward Higham Ferrers. In 1703, Lord Rockingham was Master of the Buckhounds, and he was also Lord Lieutenant of Kent. In 1714, besides other dignities, Baron Rockingham was created Earl of Rockingham. He also held the posts of Vice-Admiral of Kent and Deputy-Warden of the Cinque Ports. He married twice, his first wife being a daughter of George Sondes, Viscount Sondes and Baron Throwley, besides other titles, and these two peerages were revived in 1714 in the person of Lord Rockingham when he was created an Earl.

WHITE, RICHARD SAMUEL

Arms.—Erm., on a pale gu., 2 roses ppr., on a chief indented az., 2 leopards' heads erased arg. White.

Crest.—A falcon, wings extended erm., charged with a rose ppr., holding in his beak an escutcheon, bendy indented gu. and arg.

[Sternhold and Hopkins. The whole booke of Psalmes collected into Englyshe Meter. London, 1564.]

Richard Samuel White may have been a descendant of Captain Samuel White who married Edith, daughter of John Watson of Charlton House, Dorset. I do not find his name in any of the ordinary lists, but some of the bearings in his coat-of-arms are similar to those used by the family of White of Charlton.

WHITGIFT, JOHN, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY

[Dionysii Lebei Batillii Reg. mediomatricii Praesidis Emblemata. Francofurti ad Moen[=u], 1596.]

John Whitgift (born 1530, died 29th February 1603) was the son of Henry Whitgift of Great Grimsby in Lincolnshire. He was educated at Cambridge and took orders in 1560. He was an eloquent preacher and quickly made his name famous.

[Pg 392]

In 1567 he was made Regius Professor of Divinity, and took much interest and effected many reforms in the Government of the University. In 1571 he became Dean of Lincoln. Dr. Whitgift was made Bishop of Worcester in 1576, and in 1583 Archbishop of Canterbury. Archbishop Whitgift was a rich man, and was also a great favourite of Queen Elizabeth's. He was an excellent organiser and ruled church matters with a strong hand. He left a number of sermons and tracts, several of which have been published by the Parker Society, and others still remain in manuscript at Lambeth, the Bodleian, the Record Office, and the British Museum.

WILLIAM III. AND MARY II., KING AND QUEEN OF ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND IRELAND. AFTERWARDS WILLIAM III., KING OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND IRELAND.

All coloured as used by James I. (q.v.). Over all on an escutcheon of pretence, az., semée of billets, a lion rampant or. Nassau.

Initials.—WR (William Rex) within palm sprays and ensigned with a Royal Crown.

Prince William (born 4th November 1650, died 8th March 1702) was the son of William Prince of Orange and the Princess Mary, eldest daughter of Charles I. Prince William married the Princess Mary, eldest daughter of James, Duke of York, afterwards James II., and Anne Hyde. The Prince of Orange deposed his father-in-law James II., in 1689, and was declared king in his stead. William and Mary were, however, joint sovereigns, and the crowns, sceptres, and orbs were all doubled for them, and on the Great Seal they are both represented, one hand of each resting on the orb.

Queen Mary died in 1694, and after that date King William reigned alone. The same coat-of-arms was used all through, but during the double reign the initials "WR" and "MR" are generally added. It is curious to note that William III. several times altered the place of the coat-of-arms of France on the English coat.

WILLIAM IV., KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

Arms.—Within the Garter and with the collar and badge of the order. Quarterly.

And on an escutcheon of pretence, ensigned with the Royal Crown of Hanover, the arms of the Dominions in Germany, as used by George III. (q.v.) after 1816.

[Inventories of the various Services of Plate belonging to the Crown. London, 1832.]

Variety.—The Royal Cypher "WR IIII." (William Rex IIII.) within the Garter and ensigned with a Royal Crown.

William, Duke of Clarence (born 21st August 1763, died 20th June 1837), was the third son of George III., and succeeded his brother George IV. on the throne of England in 1830. He was parsimonious, and the economy used at his coronation was so marked that it was called a "Half Crown-ation." William IV. married Adelaide, daughter of George Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, and their two daughters died as children.

[Pg 400]

The Royal Libraries were twice given to the Nation, once by George II., on the foundation of the British Museum, and again by George IV., after the death of his father. William IV. evidently thought that there had been enough generosity in this matter on the part of his predecessors, and he added to his will an autograph codicil, dated "Pavillion, Brighton, 30th November 1834," to the effect that "I further declare that all the Books, Drawings, and Plans collected in all the Palaces shall forever continue heirlooms to the Crown, and on no pretence whatever to be alienated from the Crown."

WILLIAMS, JOHN, BISHOP OF LINCOLN, AFTERWARDS ARCHBISHOP OF YORK

John Williams (born 25th March 1582, died 25th March 1650) was the son of Edmond Williams of Conway, and was educated at Ruthin Grammar School and at Cambridge. In 1603 he was ordained, and he soon became known as an able preacher. After holding several minor ecclesiastical preferments and enjoying the favour of James I., he was made Dean of Salisbury in 1619. In 1620 Dr. Williams became Dean of Westminster, and in 1621 he was consecrated Bishop of Lincoln. In the House of Lords Bishop Williams took a very important part in the discussions and legislation concerning the power of the Sovereign in 1628.

In 1635 the Bishop's enemies succeeded in bringing him before the Star Chamber on a charge of subornation of perjury, and he was condemned to a heavy fine and loss of profits of his many benefices. He was imprisoned in the Tower until he was granted an unconditional release by the House of Lords in 1640. In 1641, with other Bishops, Williams was again committed to the Tower on a charge of high treason, but soon escaped, forfeiting his bail. He again took a leading part in the proceedings of the House of Lords, and was translated to the Archbishopric of York, where he was enthroned in 1642.

Archbishop Williams worked hard for the Royalist cause; he fortified Conway Castle and organised the militia. He was possessed of considerable wealth, and was liberal and charitable. Several of his sermons and speeches were published.

WINDSOR, THOMAS, SIXTH BARON WINDSOR

Supporters.—Dexter, a unicorn arg., armed, maned, and unguled or. Sinister, a fox ppr.

Thomas Windsor (born circ. 1580, died 6th December 1642) was the son of Henry Windsor, fifth Baron Windsor. He succeeded his father in the Barony in 1605. In 1610 Lord Windsor was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, and was Rear-Admiral in the Navy. He commanded the fleet sent to Spain to bring back Prince Charles. Lord Windsor left no son, and his title was inherited by his nephew, Thomas Windsor-Hickman, the son of Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of the fifth Baron. He married Dixie Hickman of Kew, Surrey.

WODHULL, MICHAEL

Michael Wodhull (born 15th August 1740, died 10th November 1816) was the son of John Wodhull. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford. Mr. Wodhull married a Miss Ingram of Wolford in Warwick[Pg 406]shire; he was a collector of books and an author and translator of the classics. At his library at his house at Thenford, Wodhull had an extensive collection of books, many of which were bound by Roger Payne, and among which were several fine historical bindings. These books were dispersed by sale, partly during Mr. Wodhull's lifetime, but mostly after his death. In 1783 he was High Sheriff of Northamptonshire.

WORTHINGTON

The family of Worthington has been well known in several counties, but chiefly in Lancashire. Members of the family have also settled in Suffolk and in Cheshire.

I have not been able to decide to which member of the Worthington family this particular coat-of-arms belonged.

WOTTON, EDWARD, BARON WOTTON

Edward Wotton (born circ. 1548, died circ. 1626) was the son of Thomas Wotton by his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Rudston, Lord Mayor of London. Mr. Wotton was a man of much learning and a great linguist, and in 1583 he was Member of Parliament for Kent. He was Elizabeth's emissary to James VI. concerning his marriage, and also about a treaty of alliance. In 1591 he received the honour of Knighthood, and in 1602 he was Comptroller of the Household. In the same year he was created Baron Wotton.

Lord Wotton was Lord Lieutenant of Kent, and Ambassador to France and Treasurer of the Household. He inherited his father's library, and in many cases added his own coat-of-arms impressed in silver to the beautiful bindings made for Thomas Wotton, "The English Grolier," on whose books occur the legend THOMAE WOTTONI ET AMICORUM.

WRIGHT, JAMES

Arms.—Az., 2 bars engrailed arg., in chief as many leopards' heads or. Wright.

James Wright (born circ. 1643, died October 1713) was the son of Abraham Wright, of Oxfordshire. He was called to the Bar in 1672. His tastes were literary and antiquarian, and he possessed a considerable library, chiefly manuscripts. Wright wrote a number of works on antiquities, and others on the political matters of his time. The drama also had much fascination for him, and he wrote several poems, and made an epitome of Dugdale's Monasticon.

WYCLIFFE

Arms.—Arg., on a fess gu., 3 crescents of the first between 3 Cornish choughs ppr., in chief a spear-head of the second. Wycliffe.

[Groot. Defensio fidei Catholicae de Satisfactione Christi adversus Faustum socinum. Lugduni Batavorum, 1617.]

This stamp belonged to T. Wycliffe, probably a member of the Yorkshire family of that name, but I have not so far been able to identify the owner more particularly.

WYNDHAM, SIR HUGH, KNIGHT

Hugh Wyndham (born circ. 1603, died 27th July 1684) was the son of Sir John Wyndham of Orchard-Wyndham, Somerset. He was educated at Oxford, and called to the Bar in 1629. In 1654 Mr. Wyndham was made a Serjeant-at-Law and a Judge on the Northern Circuit. In 1670 he was made a Baron of the Exchequer, and received the honour of Knighthood. He married three times.

HERALDIC BOOKS TO CONSULT

Bedford, W. K. R. The Blazon of Episcopacy. London, 1858.

Berry, W. Encyclopædia Heraldica. London, 1828. (?)

Boutell, C. English Heraldry. London, 1867.

Burke, J. A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance. London, 1831.

Burke, J. A General Armoury of England, Scotland, and Ireland. London, 1842.

Burke, J., and Sir J. B. A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the extinct and dormant Baronetcies of England, Ireland, and Scotland. London, 1841.

Burke, J., and Sir J. B. The Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1841.

Burke, Sir J. B. The Book of Orders of Knighthood. London, 1850.

Davenport, C. J. The English Regalia. London, 1897.

Elven, J. P. The Book of Family Crests. London, 1838.

Fairbairn, J. A Book of the Crests of the Families of Great Britain and Ireland. London, 1905.

Fox-Davies, A. C. The Art of Heraldry. London, 1904.

Garter, Order of the. Les noms, surnoms, qualitez, armes, et blasons de tous les chevaliers de l'ordre de la Jarretière depuis l'Institution en 1347 jusqu'à present. Paris, 1647.

Guillim, J. A Display of Heraldry. London, 1679.

Jones, W. Crowns and Coronations. London, 1883.

Knight, F. Knight and Butters' Crests. London, 1885.

Legh, G. The Accedens of Armory. London, 1562.

Mair, J. A. Proverbs and Mottoes. London, 1891.

Mottoes and Motives. London, 1884.

Nicholas, Sir H. History of the Orders of Knighthood of the British Empire. London, 1841.

[Pg 414]

Papworth, J. W. An alphabetical Dictionary of Coats-of-Arms. London, 1874.

Peerages of the date of the book.

Planché, J. R. The Pursuivant of Arms. London, 1852.

Porny, M. A. The Elements of Heraldry. London, 1787.

Sandford, F. Genealogical History of the Kings of England. London, 1677.

Segar, Sir W. Baronagium Genealogicum. London, 1764-84.

Siebmacher, J. Grosses und allgemeines Wappenbuch. Nürnberg, 1890, etc.

Upton, N. De studio Militari, libri quatuor. Londini, 1654.

Willement, T. Regal Heraldry. London, 1821.

Woodward, J. A Treatise on Heraldry. Edinburgh, 1896.

BIOGRAPHICAL BOOKS TO CONSULT

INDICES

I
INDEX TO THE INTRODUCTION

Accedens of Armory, 5, 12

Additions outside coat-of-arms, 3

Alfred, Crown of, 13

Amadeus, Earl of Savoy, 10

Anchors shown behind the coat-of-arms of Samuel Pepys, 28

Annulet mark of cadency, 12

Archbishops, coats-of-arms of, 28

Armorial du Bibliophile by Guigard, 1

Army Staff, hats of, 27

Art of Heraldry, 8

Augmentations on coats-of-arms, 3

Badge of the Prince of Wales, 14

" used by Baronets of Nova Scotia, 10

" worn by retainers, 25

Badges of Orders of Knighthood, 27

Baronets, 9, 10

Baronet's helmet, 24

Barons, 19

Barons' coronets, 20

Barons Londonni, 19

" of the Cinque Ports, 19

" of the Exchequer, 19

" of Warwick, 19

Barony by Tenure, 19

" by Writ, 19

"Barry," 32

Basilisk, a, 36

Batons shown behind the coat-of-arms of a Field-marshal, 28

Beaufort, John, Duke of Somerset, coronet of, 15

Beaumont, John, Viscount, 18

Bend, a, 33

Bezant, a, 35

Bishops, coats-of-arms of, 28

Black Prince, at Crécy, 14
[Pg 419]
Black Prince, cap of, 22

" " coronet of, 15

Book of St. Albans, 11

Book-plates, 2

Bordure, 34

Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, coronet of, 16

British Museum, examples of Book-Stamps in the, 4

Bruges, William, Garter, coronet of, 20

Burke's Peerage, lists of mottoes in, 30

Cadency, marks of, 11

" in relief, 35

" on crests, 26

Caltrap, 37

Cambridge, Duchess of, at the coronation of Queen Victoria, 21

Canton, 34

Cap of a Peer, Dignity, Estate, or Maintenance, 22

" the Black Prince, 22

Cecil, Robert, Viscount Cranbourn, coronet of, 19

Chapeau, 22, 23

" support for a crest, 26

Chequy, 33

Chess-rook, 37

Chevron, 34

Chief, 34

Chief used by the Knights of the English Langue of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, 10

Civil Service, the feathered hats of, 27

Clarion, 37

Coats-of-arms, 31 et seq.

Cockatrice, 36

Cockscomb crest, 25
[Pg 420]
Collar of SS., 21

Collars of Orders of Knighthood shown with coat-of-arms, 27

College of Arms, 20

Coloured helmets, 25

Colours used in Heraldry, 5, 6

Companions of Orders of Knighthood, badges of, 27

Compony, 33

Coronation, crowns and coronets worn at, 21

" of Queen Victoria, 21

Coronet, Heraldic, Mural, or Naval, 26

" of a Baron, 20

" of a Duke, 16

" of a King-of-arms, 20

" of a Marquis, 16

" of an Earl, 18

" of a Viscount, 19

" of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 16

" of Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham, 18

" of Charles Somerset, Earl of Worcester, 17

" of Henry Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, 17

" of Henry Somerset, Earl of Worcester, 18

" of John Beaufort, Duke of Beaufort, 15

" of Robert Cecil, Viscount Cranbourn, 19

" of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 18

" of Sir William Dugdale, Garter, 21

" of the Black Prince, 15

" of the Duchess of Cambridge, 21

" of the Prince of Wales, 14

" of William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, 17

Coronets, 12-22

" of Margaret, Countess of Richmond, 17

" of Princes and Princesses, 15

" worn at the coronation, 21

Couchée shield, 23

Counts, 17

Crescent mark of cadency, 11

Crest chapeau, 26

" supports, 26
[Pg 421]
Crests, 24-26

" not borne by ladies, 8

Crista, a crest, 25

Cross crosslet, 32

" fleury, 32

" moline, 12, 32

" pattée, 32

Crosses, 32

Crown of England, the, 13, 14

Crowns worn at the coronation, 21

Dancetty, 34

Date of printing of a book, 3

Deans, coats-of-arms of, 28

Dieu et Mon Droit, 30

Dignity, cap of, 22

Dowgate Hill Brooch, 13

Dragon, 36

Dragon's wing for fan crest, 26

Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leicester, coronet of, 18

Dugdale, Sir William, Garter, coronet of, 21

Duke's coronet, 16

Earl's coronet, 16, 18

Ecclesiastics, coats-of-arms of, 28

Embattled, 34

English Royal book-stamps, 2

" Royal Crown, the, 13, 14

Engrailed, 34

Ermine, 7

Escutcheon of Pretence, 32

Esquire's helmet, 24

Esquires of Orders of Knighthood, badges of, 27

Estate, cap of, 22

Fairbairn's Crests, lists of mottoes in, 30

Fan-shaped crests, 25

Fax mentis honestae gloria, 10

Fer-de-Moline, 37

Fermail, 37

Fess, a, 32

Field-marshal's coat-of-arms, 28

Fillet as crest support, 26

Fletcher's English Armorial Book-Stamps, 1

Fleur-de-lys mark of cadency, 12

Fountain, 37

Fox-Davies' Art of Heraldry, 8

Fret, the, 35, 37

Fretty, 33, 35

Furs used in heraldry, 7
[Pg 422]
Fusil, 37

Garter King-of-Arms, coronet of, 20

Griffin, 36

Guigard's Armorial du Bibliophile, 1

Guige, or shield belt, 23

Gyronny, 33

Hayter, Sir George, his picture of the coronation of Queen Victoria, 21

Heiress, heraldic, 8

Helmet of a Baronet, 24

" of a Knight, 24

" of an Esquire, 24

" of a Peer, 24

" of Royalty, 24

Helmets, 23, 24

" coloured, 25

Henry VIII. and the Lion Supporter, 28

Heraldic coronet, 26

" heiress, 8

Heraldry, origin of, 4

Heralds and the collar of SS., 21

Howard, Charles, Earl of Nottingham, coronet of, 18

Ich dien, 14

Identification of book-stamps, 3

Imitation jewels on coronets, 21

Impaling, 32

Indented, 34

Jewels on crown and coronet, 21

John, King of Bohemia, 14

John of Jerusalem, Knight of the Order of St., 10

King Arthur's Book, 29

King-of-Arms, coronet of a, 20

King-of-Arms and the collar of SS., 21

Knighthood, ceremonial hats of, 27

Knights' helmets, 24

Knights of Orders, badges of, 27

Labels used as marks of cadency, 11, 12

Lacy, Henry, Earl of Lincoln, coronet of, 17

Ladies' shields, 37

Legh's Accedens of Armory, 5, 12

Leopard, 36

Leopard Lionné, 36

Lines used to indicate colour, 6

Lion, 36
[Pg 423]
Lion Leopardé, 36

Lion of England, as the crest of Richard I., 26

Livery colours, 25

London, crest of the city of, 26

Lozenge-shaped shields, 37

Lozengy, 33

Lupus, Hugh, Earl of Chester, 17

Maintenance, cap of, 22

Mantling, 24

Margaret, Countess of Richmond, coronet of, 17

Marquis's coronet, 16

Marshalling, 5

Martlet mark of cadency, 12

Mascle, 37

Medals dependent from base of coat-of-arms, 27

Miniver, 22

Miserere mei deus secundum magnam misericordiam tuam, 20

Mitres shewn above ecclesiastical coat-of-arms, 28

Mother's coat-of-arms, quartering of, 32

Mottoes, 30

" of Orders of Knighthood shown with the coat-of-arms, 27

Mullet mark of cadency, 11

Mural coronet as crest support, 26

Naval coronet as crest support, 26

Nebuly, 34

Nova Scotia, Baronets of, 10

O'Neile, Irish chieftain, 9

Orders of Knighthood, ceremonial hats of, 27

Ostrich feather badge of the Prince of Wales, 14

Pale, 31

Peer's cap, 22

" helmet, 24

Pepys, Samuel, coat-of-arms of, 28

Per bend, 33

" chevron, 34

" fess, 32

" pale, 31

" saltire, 33

Personal heraldry in military costume, 4

Petra Sancta's Tesserae Gentilitiae, 6

Pheon, 37
[Pg 424]
Pile, 33

Plate, the, 35

Pole, William, Baron de la, 19

Pollard's Franks Collection of Armorial Book-Stamps, 1

Potent, 7

Pretence, Escutcheon of, 8, 32

Prince Arthur's Book, 16

Prince of Wales's coronet, 14

Princes and Princesses, coronet of, 15

Quartered coats-of-arms, 32

Quartering of mother's coat-of-arms, 32

Quarterings on coats-of-arms, 8

Quarterly, 32

Quatrefoil mark of cadency, 12

Raguly, 34

Regimental feather head-dresses, 27

Roundels, 35

Royal book-stamps, 2

" books in private ownership, 2

" coronets, 15

" Crown of England, the, 13, 14

" helmets, 24

" marks of cadency, 12

Rose mark of cadency, 12

Rubbings of book-stamps, 38

Rustre, 37

St. Albans, Book of, 11

Saltire, 33

Savoy, cross of, 10

Sees, coat-of-arms of, 28

Shield couchée, 23

Shields of arms, 31 et seq.

Smert, John, Garter, coronet of, 20

Somerset, Charles, Earl of Worcester, coronet of, 17
[Pg 425]
Somerset, Henry, Earl of Worcester, coronet of, 18

SS., collar of, 21

Supporters, 28, 29

Supports for crests, 26

Tenure, Barony by, 19

Tesserae Gentilitiae, 6

Tiara of the Duchess of Cambridge, 21

Tincture lines used in Heraldry, 6, 7

Torse as crest support, 26

Tournaments and their ceremonial, 4

Trick, 5

Ulster, Baronets of, 10

" hand, the, 9

United Kingdom, Baronets of the, 10

Vair, 7

Valence, William de, Earl of Pembroke, coronet of, 17

Vere, Robert de, Marquis of Dublin, 16

Victoria, Queen, coronation of, 21

Viscount's coronet, 19

Viscounts, 18

Wales, badge of the Prince of, 14

" coronet of the Prince of, 14

Water Bouget, 37

Wavy, 34

Winchester, Marquis of, 22

Writ, Barony by, 19

Wyvern, 36

Zulu mark of rank, 27

II
INDEX OF ARMS, ETC.

Abergavenny, Earl of (Nevill), 303

Achaius, King of Scotland, 246

Adelaide, of Saxe Meiningen, 399

Albemarle, Duke of (Monck), 295, 342

Albert, of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince, 380

Alexander I., Czar, 191

" II., King of Scotland, 246

Almack, E., 74, 94, 252, 253

Alphonso IV., Duke of Modena, 291

Althorp, 352, 355

Ancrum, Earl of (Kerr), 262

Anne, Countess of Lothian, 262

" Princess, 282

Antiquaries, Society of, 307

Apollo Grian, Harp of, 246

Aragon, Catherine of, Queen, 92

" Pomegranate of, 218

Arlington, Earl of (Bennet), 63

Armagh, Archbishop of (Usher), 377

Arms. (Small details not given here.)
3 Altars, each supported by a lion rampant. Smith, Sir T.
3 Annulets, with a chevron. Sutton, T.
3 Annulets in chief, with 3 martlets. Cowper, W., Earl Cowper
An Archiepiscopal Staff, with a pall. Abbot, G., Archbishop of Canterbury
" " Usher, J., Archbishop of Armagh
" " Whitgift, J., Archbishop of Canterbury
An Arm holding a ring. Schwerin. Charlotte of Mecklenburg, Queen
[Pg 428]2 Bars. Oldenburg. Anne of Denmark, Queen
2 Bars with a canton. Boyes. Covert, W.
2 Bars with a chief. Manners. Noel, B., Earl of Gainsborough
" " Manners, J., Duke of Rutland
" " Martin. Naunton, Sir R.
3 Bars. Gulston, W., Bishop of Bristol
3 Bars. Raymond. Chetwynd, W.
Barry of 6. Grey. Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
" Grey. Grey, H., Earl of Stamford
" Grey. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
" Grey. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Barry of 8. Fitzalan. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
" Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
Barry of 10. Botevile. Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
" Brandon. Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" Brandon. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
" Valence. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
3 Batons. Usher, J., Archbishop of Armagh
[Pg 429]A Bend. Bayntun, W.
A Bend. Blackborne. Trewarthen
" Bradeston. Hatton, Sir C.
" Chalon. William III.
" Harley, R., Earl of Oxford
" Philpot, J., Somerset Herald
" Pye, Sir R.
" Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
A Bend between 6 crosses. Bingham. Spencer, G. J., Earl Spencer
" " Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
" " Howard, T., Earl of Arundel
" " Marr. Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
A Bend between 2 escallops. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
A Bend between 2 horses' heads. Pepys, S.
A Bend between 2 lions rampant. Newport. Sheldon, R.
A Bend charged with 3 bucks' heads. Stanley. Digby, Sir K.
" " Stanley. Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
A Bend charged with 3 cinquefoils. Berondon. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
A Bend charged with 3 crosses. Charnock. Smith, Sir T.
A Bend charged with 3 eagles. Manley. Salwey, H.
A Bend charged with 3 escallops. Spencer. Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
" " Spencer, C., Earl of Sunderland
A Bend charged with an escutcheon. Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
" " Howard, T., Earl of Arundel
A Bend charged with 3 fleurs-de-lys. Garshall. Chetwynd, W.
" " Pepys, S.
A Bend charged with 3 goats' heads. Mulsho. Digby, Sir K.
[Pg 430]A Bend charged with a magnetic needle. Petty, W. F., Marquis of Lansdowne
A Bend charged with 3 martlets. Kinnear, J. G.
A Bend charged with 3 plates. Gulston, W., Bishop of Bristol.
A Bend charged with 3 quatrefoils. Chitting, H.
A Bend charged with 3 swans. Dawes. Salwey, H.
A Bend charged with a wyvern. Newport. Sheldon, H.
A Bend within a bordure. Kinnear, J. G.
" " Westcote. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
2 Bendlets. Bradshaw. Gilbert, J., Archbishop of York
" Bradshaw. Salwey, H.
Bendy of 4. Carrell. Hatton, Sir C.
Bendy of 10. Montfort. Salwey, H.
Per Bend. Trevor, M., Viscount Dungannon
A Bezant between 3 demi lions. Bennet, H., Earl of Arlington
3 Bezants, with a lion. Harborne, W.
3 Bezants in chief, with a lymphad. Utterson, E. V.
4 Bezants on a cross. Whitgift, J., Archbishop of Canterbury
10 Bezants. Zouch. Naunton, Sir R.
10 Billets. Salter. Chetwynd, W.
10 Billets, and a demi lion on a chief. Dormer, R., Earl of Carnarvon
A Boar passant. Trewarthen
2 Boars' heads, a sword between them. Sloane, Sir H.
3 Boars' heads. Lloyd, D., Dean of St. Asaph
" " with a chevron. Cochrane, J., Earl of Dundonald
" " with a fess. Alyson. Salwey, H.
[Pg 431]" " with a fess raguly. Judd. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
A Bordure with a bend. Kinnear, J. G.
A Bordure charged with 8 escallops. Ware, Sir J.
A Bordure with a lion. Burnell. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
" " Grey. Pepys, S.
A Bordure with 3 lions. Chiche. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
A Bordure with 3 lozenges. Montagu, J., Duke of Montagu
A Bordure charged with 7 towers. Catherine of Braganza, Queen
A Bordure with a double tressure, flory counterflory. Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
" " Mary, Queen of Scotland
A Bordure semée of stars. Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
A Bordure engrailed. Astle, T.
" " with a bend cotised. Westcote. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
A Bordure engrailed with 3 garbs. Kemp, T. R.
A Bordure engrailed with a lion rampant. Burley. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
" " Tyrrell. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
A Bordure gobony, with the arms of England. Talbot. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
A Bordure indented, with 3 fleurs-de-lys. Ferrara. Mary of Modena, Queen
3 Bucks statant. Green, J. H.
3 Bucks' heads. Cavendish, W. G. S., Duke of Devonshire
3 Bucks' heads on a bend. Stanley. Digby, Sir K.
" " Stanley. Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
A Bugle. Orange. William III.
3 Bugles with a chevron. Wyerley. Salwey, H.
[Pg 432]A Bull's head in bend. Rostock. Charlotte of Mecklenburg, Queen
A Bull's head in pale. Mecklenburg. Charlotte of Mecklenburg, Queen
A Canton and 2 bars. Boyes. Covert, W.
A Canton charged with a castle. Carrell. Hatton, Sir C.
A Canton and 2 crescents. Symonds. Hatton, Sir C.
A Canton charged with a cross, with a lion. Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
A Castle. Castile. Catherine of Aragon, Queen
A Castle on a canton. The field bendy. Carrell. Hatton, Sir C.
3 Castles and a plate. Etchington. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
Chequy. Warren. Anne Bullen, Queen
" Warren. Howard, C., Baron Howard
" Warren. Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
" Geneva. William III.
Chequy with a chief. Coleshill. Trewarthen
A Chevalier on horseback. Ditzmers. Anne of Denmark, Queen
" " Poland. Anne of Denmark, Queen
A Chevron. Trelawny
A Chevron ermine. The field chequy. Warwick. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
A Chevron between 3 annulets. Sutton, T.
A Chevron between 3 batons. Usher, J., Archbishop of Armagh
A Chevron between 3 boars' heads. Cochrane, J., Earl of Dundonald
A Chevron between 3 bugles. Wyerley. Salwey., H.
A Chevron between 3 chess-rooks. Pinchbeck. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
A Chevron between 3 cinquefoils. Chichele. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
[Pg 433]A Chevron between 3 cinquefoils, an escallop on a chief. Tash, T.
A Chevron between 10 cinquefoils. Berkeley, R.
A Chevron between 3 coots. Coote, C.
A Chevron between 3 crescents. Glover. Philpot, J., Somerset Herald
" " Walker, Sir E.
A Chevron between 3 crosses crosslet. Davenport. Digby, Sir K.
A Chevron between 3 eagles. Challeston
A Chevron between 3 escallops. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
A Chevron between 3 estoiles. Laud, W., Archbishop of Canterbury
" " Butts. Trewarthen
A Chevron between 3 fountains. Sykes, Sir M. M.
A Chevron between 3 garbs. Hatton, Sir C.
" " Sheffield. Covert, W.
" " Sheffield, J., Earl of Mulgrave
A Chevron between 3 griffins. Finch, H., Earl of Aylesford
A Chevron between 3 Hebrew letters. Naunton, Sir R.
A Chevron between 3 human heads. Williams, J., Bishop of Lincoln
A Chevron between 3 keys. Parker, M., Archbishop of Canterbury
A Chevron between 3 lions passant. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
A Chevron between 3 martlets. Watson, L., Earl of Rockingham
A Chevron between 3 mullets. Chetwynd, W.
A Chevron between 3 oak leaves. Haslerigg. Chetwynd, W.
A Chevron between 3 pears. Abbot, G., Archbishop of Canterbury
A Chevron between 3 ravens. Pye, Sir R.
A Chevron between 3 seals' heads. Ley, J., Earl of Marlborough
[Pg 434]A Chevron between 3 stags' faces. Williams, J., Bishop of Lincoln
A Chevron between 3 unicorns' heads. Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
A Chevron charged with 3 crescents. Sutton, T.
" " Watson, L., Earl of Rockingham
A Chevron charged with 3 crosses crosslet. Laud, W., Archbishop of Canterbury
A Chevron charged with 3 escallops. Pye, Sir R.
A Chevron charged with 3 estoiles. Parker, M., Archbishop of Canterbury
A Chevron charged with 3 lions' heads. Monck, C., Duke of Albemarle
A Chevron charged with 3 lozenges. Butts. Trewarthen
A Chevron charged with 3 martlets. Topsfield
A Chevron charged with a mullet. Mirfin. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
A Chevron charged with 3 mullets. Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
" " Kerr, W., Earl of Lothian
A Chevron charged with an otter's head. Beaton, J., Archbishop of Glasgow
A Chevron charged with 3 roses. Gilbert, J., Archbishop of York
2 Chevrons. Bagot, Sir C.
" Bagot. Chetwynd, W.
2 Chevrons with a canton. Dexter. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
2 Chevrons with a chief. Smith, J.
2 Chevrons with a fess. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
" " Walpole, H., Earl of Oxford
3 Chevrons. Langton. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" Matthew, T., Archbishop of York
" Wyse. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
5 Chevrons. Sutton. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
[Pg 435]A Chief with 3 crosses pattée. Dyall. Covert, W.
A Chief with 3 lions. Yonge. Covert, W.
A Chief ermine with a saltire. Petty, W. F., Marquis of Lansdowne
A Chief indented. Hillock. Naunton, Sir R.
A Chief quarterly. Manners. Noel, B., Earl of Gainsborough
A Child carried off by an eagle. Culcheth. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
4 Choughs and a cross. Aylmer, M., Baron Aylmer
4 Choughs and a cross flory. Offley. Hatton, Sir C.
A Cinquefoil. Astle, T.
3 Cinquefoils. Hamilton, J., Archbishop of St. Andrews
3 Cinquefoils with a bend. Berondon. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
3 Cinquefoils with a chevron. Chichele. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
3 Cinquefoils with a chevron and a chief. Tash, T.
5 Cinquefoils. Holdenby. Hatton, Sir C.
10 Cinquefoils with a chevron. Berkeley, R.
3 Clarions. Granville. Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
3 Coots with a chevron. Coote, C.
3 Covered Cups. Butler
A Crescent with a fess. York. Hatton, Sir C.
2 Crescents with a canton. Symonds. Covert, W.
3 Crescents. Kemp, T. R.
3 Crescents on a chevron. Sutton, T.
" " Watson, L., Earl of Rockingham
3 Crescents with a chevron. Philpot, J., Somerset Herald
" " Walker, Sir E.
3 Crescents with a fess. Coventry, W., Earl of Coventry
A Cross. See also Saltire
" Bourke. Covert, W.
" Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" Lort. Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
[Pg 436]" Ratzeburg. George II.
A Cross. St. George. The Commonwealth
" George III.
" Henry VIII.
" Tudor Rose
A Cross on a canton. Churchill. Montagu, J., Duke of Montagu
" " Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
A Cross in saltire. St. Andrew. George III.
" " St. Andrew. Mary, Queen of Scotland
A Cross between 4 choughs. Aylmer, M., Baron Aylmer
" " Offley. Hatton, Sir C.
A Cross between 2 crosses crosslet in upper quarters. Balderstone. Covert, W.
A Cross between 4 martlets. Edward the Conqueror. Cotton, Sir R. B.
A Cross between 4 swords. Philpot, J., Somerset Herald
A Cross between 4 water bougets. Bourchier. Grey, H. E., Earl of Stamford
" " Bourchier, R., Countess of Bath
A Cross charged with 4 bezants. Whitgift, J., Archbishop of Canterbury
A Cross charged with another cross. Frederick II., King of Denmark
" " Anne of Denmark, Queen
A Cross charged with a dagger. London. Henry VIII.
" " Tudor Rose
A Cross charged with 5 leopards' faces. Walker, Sir E.
A Cross charged with 5 mullets. Bodenham. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
A Cross charged with 5 torteaux. Grenville, T.
A Cross engrailed. Houghton. Naunton, Sir R.
[Pg 437]" " Stanton. Hatton, Sir C.
A Cross flory. Trussell. St. George, Sir R.
A Cross formée fitchée. Dalmenhurst. Anne of Denmark, Queen
A Cross pattée. Ratzeburg. Charlotte of Mecklenburg, Queen
A Cross voided. Duckenfield. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
" " Pilkington. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
A Cross with a sword in the first quarter. London, City of. Henry VIII. Tudor Rose
2 Crosses crosslet in two upper quarters, Balderstone. Covert, W.
2 Crosses crosslet with a rose on a chief. Bullingham
3 Crosses on a bend. Charnock. Smith, Sir T.
3 Crosses crosslet on a chief. Dyall. Covert, W.
" " Long, C., Baron Farnborough
3 Crosses crosslet on a fess. Walpole, H., Earl of Oxford.
3 Crosses crosslet with a chevron. Davenport. Digby, Sir K.
3 Crosses crosslet with a fess. Bayntun, W.
" " Sandys, Sir T.
3 Crosses crosslet with a lion. Capell, W., Earl of Essex
6 Crosses with a bend. Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
" " Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
" " Howard, T., Earl of Arundel
" " Bingham. Spencer, G. T., Earl Spencer
6 Crosses with a fess. Beauchamp. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" " Boteler. Salwey, H.
12 Crosses with a saltire. Windsor, T., Baron Windsor
14 Crosses with a lion. Powell. Naunton, Sir R.
[Pg 438]Crosses semée with 3 leopards' heads. Neville. Digby, Sir K.
The Crown of Charlemagne.
" " George I.
" " George II.
" " George III.
" " George IV.
" " William IV.
3 Crowns. Sweden. Anne of Denmark, Queen
3 Dovecotes. Sapcote. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
3 Ducks and a fess. Bateman, W., Viscount Bateman
An Eagle. Brandenburg. George II.
" Browne. Hatton, Sir C.
" Bullingham.
" Cotton, Sir R. B.
" Crossen. George II.
" D'Este. Mary of Modena, Queen
" Jägerndorff. George II.
" Monthermer. Montague, J., Duke of Montague
" Tufton. Coke, T., Earl of Leicester
An Eagle between 3 bezants. Busserard. Naunton, Sir R.
An Eagle carrying off a child. Culcheth. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Surrey
3 Eagles. Coke, T., Earl of Leicester
3 Eagles on a bend. Manley. Salwey, H.
3 Eagles with a chevron. Challeston.
An Escallop on a chief. Tash, T.
3 Escallops on a bend. Spencer. Churchill, G. L., Duke of Marlborough
" " Spencer, C., Earl of Sunderland
" " Spencer, G. T., Earl Spencer
3 Escallops on a chevron. Pye, Sir R.
3 Escallops on a chief. Gamage. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
8 Escallops on a bordure. Ware, Sir J.
An Escutcheon. Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
" Holstein. Anne of Denmark, Queen
3 Escutcheons. Burrell, Sir W.
[Pg 439]5 Escutcheons. Catherine of Braganza, Queen
6 Escutcheons. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
An Estoile. Ingleby. St. George, Sir R.
An Estoile between 3 fleurs-de-lys. Masterman. Sykes, Sir M. M.
3 Estoiles on a chevron. Parker, M., Archbishop of Canterbury
3 Estoiles, with a chevron with 3 crosses. Laud, W., Archbishop of Canterbury
3 Estoiles, with a chevron with 3 lozenges. Butts. Trewarthen
A Fess. Bayntun, W.
" Buren. William III.
" Calthrop. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" Dene. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
" Moers. William III.
" Rockly. Covert, W.
" Somers, J., Baron Somers
" Towneley, R.
" Vianden. William III.
" York. Hatton, Sir C.
A Fess between 3 boars' heads. Alyson. Salwey, H.
" " Judd. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
A Fess between 2 chevrons. Fitz-Walter. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
A Fess between 3 crescents. Coventry, W., Earl of Coventry
A Fess between 3 crosses. Sandys, Sir T.
A Fess between 6 crosses. Beauchamp. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" " Boteler. Salwey, H.
A Fess between 3 ducks. Bateman, W., Viscount Bateman
A Fess between 6 escallops. Dengayne. St. George, Sir R.
A Fess between 3 lions' heads. St. Clair. Covert, W.
A Fess between 3 lioncels. Smith, Sir T.
A Fess between 3 martlets. Covert, W.
[Pg 440]A Fess between 3 mascles. Beaton, J., Archbishop of Glasgow
A Fess between 3 mullets. Wesenham. Cotton, Sir R. B.
A Fess between 3 pheons. Rawdon, M., Baron Rawdon
A Fess between 3 sheldrakes. Sheldon, R.
A Fess charged with 3 crosses. Walpole, Earl of Oxford
A Fess within a double tressure flory counterflory. Stuart, C., Baron Stuart
Per Fess. Butler. Anne Bullen, Queen
" Magdeburg. George II.
" Stangard. Charlotte of Mecklenburg, Queen
A Fish. Glasgow. Beaton, J., Archbishop of Glasgow
3 Fishes hauriant. Herringham. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
" " Lucy. Digby, Sir K.—Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
3 Fishes naiant. Verney. Chetwynd, W.
A Fleur-de-lys. Digby, Sir K.
2 Fleurs-de-lys on a chief. Manners, J., Duke of Rutland
3 Fleurs-de-lys. France. All the sovereigns of England from Henry VII. to George III.
" " Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
" " Frederick, Prince of Wales
" " Henry, Prince of Wales
" " Henry Benedict, Cardinal
" " James, Prince of Wales
" " Mary, Princess
" " Talbot. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
3 Fleurs-de-lys on a bend. Garshall. Chetwynd, W.
" " Pepys, S.
3 Fleurs-de-lys with 9 crosses. Mortimer. St. George, Sir R.
3 Fleurs-de-lys with an estoile. Masterman. Sykes, Sir M. M.
[Pg 441]3 Fleurs-de-lys within a bordure. Ferrara. Mary of Modena, Queen
6 Fleurs-de-lys. Smith, J.
Fleurs-de-lys semée. Angoulême. Anne Bullen, Queen
" " Bereford. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
3 Fountains. Sykes, Sir M. M.
A Fret. Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
" Gardiner. Kinnear, J. G.
" Maltravers. Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel
" Spencer, C., Earl of Sunderland
" Spencer, G. J., Earl Spencer
" Tollemache. Grey, H., Earl of Stamford
Fretty. Noel, B., Earl of Gainsborough
4 Fusils. Carteret, J., Baron Carteret
" Carteret, G., Baron Carteret
5 Fusils. Bradeston. Covert, W.
" Percy. Digby, Sir K.
A Garb and 2 helmets. Cholmondeley, G., Earl Cholmondeley
3 Garbs. Comyn. Covert, W.
" Hatton, Sir C.
" Kemp, T. R.
" Sheffield. Covert, W.
" Sheffield, J., Earl of Mulgrave
3 Gauntlets. Fane. Bourchier, R., Countess of Bath
3 Goats' heads. Mulsho. Digby, Sir K.
A Griffin. Froxmere. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
" Kassuben. George II.
" Pommern. George II.
" Schwerin. Charlotte of Mecklenburg, Queen
" Wenden. Charlotte of Mecklenburg, Queen
" Wenden. George II.
3 Griffins. Finch, H., Earl of Aylesford
Gyronny. Campbell, H., Earl of Loudoun
" Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
[Pg 442]Harp. Ireland. All the sovereigns of England from James I. to Edward VII.
Harp. Ireland. The Commonwealth
" " Frederick, Prince of Wales
" " Henry, Prince of Wales
" " Henry Benedict, Cardinal
A Heart. Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
9 Hearts. Gothes. Anne of Denmark, Queen
Hearts semée. Denmark, Anne of Denmark, Queen
" " Lunenburg. George I., George II., George III., George IV., and William IV.
3 Heathcocks. Heath, B.
3 Hebrew letters. Naunton, Sir R.
2 Helmets. Cholmondeley, G., Earl Cholmondeley
3 Herrings. Herringham. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
A Horse current. Saxony. George I., George II., George III., George IV., and William IV.
2 Horses' heads. Pepys, S.
2 Human heads. Williams, J., Bishop of Lincoln
2 Keys. Minden. George II.
" York, See of. Matthew, T., Archbishop of York
3 Keys. Parker, M., Archbishop of Canterbury
3 Laurel leaves. Leveson. Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
2 Leopards' heads. White, R. S.
3 Leopards' heads. Digby, Sir K.
5 Leopards' heads. Walker, Sir E.
A Lion passant. Aston. Salwey, R.
" " Guyenne. Anne Bullen, Queen
" " Gothes. Anne of Denmark, Queen
" " Bridgman, Sir O.
" " Harborne, W.
" " Long, C. Baron Farnborough
" " Say, W.
[Pg 443]" " Smith, J.
2 Lions passant. Brunswick. George I., George II., George III., George IV., and William IV.
" " Catsenelboge. William III.
" " Dudley. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" " Lincoln, See of. Williams, J., Bishop of Lincoln
" " Sleswick. Anne of Denmark, Queen
" " Strange. Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" " Ware, Sir J.
3 Lions passant. Brotherton. Anne Bullen, Queen
" " Brotherton. Howard, G., Baron Howard
" " Brotherton. Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
" " Carew, G., Earl of Totness
" " England. All sovereigns of England from Henry VII. to Edward VII.
" " Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
" " Frederick, Prince of Wales
" " Henry, Prince of Wales
" " Henry Benedict, Cardinal
" " James, Prince of Wales
" " Mary, Princess
" " Talbot. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
" " Frederick II., King of Denmark. Anne of Denmark, Queen
" " Lancaster, Earl of. Anne Bullen, Queen
" " Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
A Lion rampant. Abernethy. Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
" " Ashby. Naunton, Sir R.
[Pg 444]" " Beauchamp. Cotton, Sir R. B.
A Lion Rampant. Brabant. Digby, Sir K.
" " Brabant. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" " Brandon. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" " Churchill. Montagu, J., Duke of Montagu
" " Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
" " Dietz. William III.
" " Fitz-Alan. Howard, C., Baron Howard
" " Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel
" " Hayward. Berkeley, R.
" " Hetherfield. Chetwynd, W.
" " Leon. Catherine of Aragon, Queen
" " Lunenburg. George I., George II., George III., George IV., and William IV.
" " Mason. Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
" " Matthew, T., Archbishop of York
" " Meriford. Chetwynd, W.
" " Nassau. William III.
" " Norway. Anne of Denmark, Queen
" " Pfalz-am-Rhein. Frederick, Elector
" " Rochford. Anne Bullen, Queen
" " Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
" " Russell, W., Duke of Bedford
" " St. George, Sir R.
" " Smith. Spencer, G. T., Earl Spencer
" " Thynne. Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
" " Trevor, M., Viscount Dungannon
" " Wynstone. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
[Pg 445]" " Wynstone. Pye, Sir R.
A Lion rampant between 3 crosses. Capell, W., Earl of Essex
A Lion rampant between 8 crosses. Hutchinson, T.
A lion rampant between 3 pheons. Egerton. Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" " Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
A Lion rampant between 14 tau crosses. Powell. Naunton, Sir R.
A Lion rampant with a canton. Brandon. Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
A Lion rampant within a bordure. Burley. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
" " Burnell. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
" " Grey. Pepys, S.
" " Nüremberg. George II.
" " Tyrrell. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
A Lion rampant within a tressure, double, flory counterflory, Scotland. All the sovereigns of England from James I. to Edward VII.
" " Buchanan. Cotton, Sir R.
" " Frederick, Prince of Wales
" " Henry, Prince of Wales, Henry Benedict, Cardinal. James, Prince of Wales. Maitland, T., Earl of Lauderdale. Mary, Queen of Scotland
2 Lions rampant. Newport. Sheldon, R.
3 Lions rampant. Herbert. Dormer, R., Earl of Carnarvon
" " Herbert. Finch, H., Earl of Aylesford
" " Smith, Sir T.
[Pg 446]" " Yonge. Covert, W.
3 Lions rampant within a bordure. Chiche. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
A Lion statant. Lyle. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
A Demi lion rampant. Dormer, R., Earl of Carnarvon
3 Demi lions rampant. Bennet, H., Earl of Arlington
3 Lions' heads. Cracherode, C. M.
" " Monck, C., Duke of Albemarle
" " St. Clair. Covert, W.
A Lion's gamb. Boothby, Sir B.
3 Lozenges. Butts. Trewarthen
" Montagu, J., Duke of Montagu
Lozengy. Bavaria. Frederick, Elector
" Croft. Covert, W.
" Rockly. Covert, W.
3 Lucies. Lucy. Digby, Sir K.
" Lucy. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
A Lymphad. Arran. Hamilton, J., Archbishop of St. Andrews
" Lorn. Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
" Utterson, E. V.
A Magnetic needle. Petty, W. F., Marquis of Lansdowne
3 Martlets. Covert, W.
" Cowper, W., Earl Cowper
" Kinnear, J. G.
" Naunton, Sir R.
" Topsfield
" Watson, L., Earl of Rockingham
4 Martlets. Edward the Confessor. Cotton, Sir R. B.
8 Martlets. Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
10 Martlets. Valence, Earl of Pembroke. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Mary, the Blessed Virgin, Williams, J., Bishop of Lincoln
[Pg 447]3 Mascles. Beaton, J., Archbishop of Glasgow
3 Mascles. Weapont. Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
7 Mascles. Ferrers. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
A Maunch. Hastings. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
3 Mullets. Chetwynd, W.
" Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
" Garrick, D.
" Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
" Kerr, W., Earl of Lothian
" Mirfin. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
" Murray. Cochrane, J., Earl of Dundonald
" Sutherland, Earl of. Gower, G. G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" Towneley, R.
" Wesenham. Cotton, Sir R. B.
5 Mullets. Bodenham. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
6 Mullets. Bonvile. Grey, H., Earl of Stamford
Nails in triangle. Holstein. Anne of Denmark, Queen
3 Oak leaves. Haslerigg. Chetwynd, W.
An Orb. Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
" Frederick, Elector
An Orle of martlets. Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
" " Valence, Earl of Pembroke. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
An Otter's head. Beaton, J., Archbishop of Glasgow
A Pale charged with 2 roses. White, R. S.
Per Pale. Abrol.
" Halberstadt. George II.
" Waldegrave, J., Earl Waldegrave
Paly of 4. Aragon. Catherine of Aragon, Queen
Paly of 6. Gurnon. Chetwynd, W.
[Pg 448]A Pall. Abbot, G., Archbishop of Canterbury
" Laud, W., Archbishop of Canterbury
" Usher, J., Archbishop of Canterbury
" Whitgift, J., Archbishop of Canterbury
3 Pears. Abbot, G., Archbishop of Canterbury
A Pheon. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
3 Pheons. Egerton. Chetwynd, W.
" Egerton. Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
" Rawdon, M., Baron Rawdon
A Pile. Vincent, A., Windsor Herald
3 Piles. Wishart. Cotton, Sir R. B.
5 Piles. Henderson. Chetwynd, W.
A Plate. Etchington. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
5 Plates. Portugal. Catherine of Braganza, Queen
10 Plates. Bridgman, Sir O.
A Pomegranate. Granada. Catherine of Aragon, Queen
Quarterly. Hohenzollern. George II.
3 Quatrefoils. Chitting, H.
" D'Ewes, Sir S.
" Vincent, A., Windsor Herald
" Wedson. Hatton, Sir C.
3 Ravens. Pye, Sir R.
A Rose. Boscawen, H.
" Bullingham
2 Roses. White, R. S.
3 Roses. Gilbert, J., Archbishop of York
3 Roundels. Abrol.
A Saltire. See also Cross
" Bruce. Cotton, Sir R. B.
" Dering, Sir E.
" Harding. Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
" Nevill. Hatton, Sir C.
[Pg 449]" Petty, W. F., Marquis of Lansdowne
" St. Andrew. George III.
" St. Andrew. Mary, Queen of Scotland
" Salwey, H.
" Wellington. Sheldon, R.
Per Saltire. Sicily. Catherine of Aragon, Queen
A Saltire between 4 lions' heads. Cracherode, C. M.
A Saltire charged with 12 crosses. Windsor, T., Baron Windsor
A Sea-Horse. Garrick, D.
3 Seals' heads. Ley, J., Earl of Marlborough
3 Sheldrakes. Sheldon, R.
3 Shields. Burrell, Sir W.
5 Shields. Portugal. Catherine of Braganza, Queen
A Stag's head. Calder. Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
" " Horton, F.
3 Stags' heads. Williams, J., Bishop of Lincoln
3 Stirrups. Scudamore. Pye, Sir R.
A Swan. Stormer. Anne of Denmark, Queen
3 Swans. Dawes. Salwey, H.
A Sword. Sloane, Sir H.
4 Swords. Philpot, J., Somerset Herald
5 Torteaux. Grenville, T.
A Tower. De la Tour. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
" Garrick, D.
7 Towers. Castile. Catherine of Braganza, Queen
A Tree supported by a lion. Wynstone. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
" " Wynstone. Pye, Sir R.
A Tressure, double, flory counterflory. Cochrane, J., Earl of Dundonald
" " Maitland, J., Earl of Lauderdale
" " Mary, Queen of Scotland
" " Scotland. See Lion rampant
" " Stuart, C., Baron Stuart
[Pg 450]3 Unicorns' heads. Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
Vairy. Nowers. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
4 Water bougets. Bourchier. Grey, H., Earl of Stamford
" " Bourchier, R., Countess of Bath
A Wolf's head. Lupus. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
A Wyvern. Newport. Sheldon, R.
" Vandals. Anne of Denmark, Queen

Arran, Earl of (Stewart), 201

Arthgallus, Earl of Warwick, 151

Arthur, Prince of Wales, 93

Arundel, Earl of (Fitz-Alan), 164, 227

" " (Howard), 226, 237

Ashburnham, Earl of (Ashburnham), 54

" House, 128

Augusta, Princess of Saxe-Gotha, 169

Axon, W. E., 367

Aylesford, Earl of (Finch), 162

Badges—
The Castle of De Beaufort. Henry VIII.
A Crescent. Percy, H., Earl of Northumberland
A Daisy, crowned. Edward VI.
An Escallop. Rawlinson, R.
A Falcon crowned with sceptre. Elizabeth, Queen
" " James I.
The Feather plume, triple, of the Black Prince. Edward VI.
" " George II.
" " George IV.
" " Henry, Prince of Wales
" " James I.
A Fleur-de-lys. Henry VIII.
" " Henry, Prince of Wales
" " James I.
The Harp of Ireland. George III.
A Horse courant with a sprig of oak in his mouth. Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel
A Lion rampant. Henry, Prince of Wales
A Pomegranate. Henry VIII.
Portcullis. Henry VIII.
" James I.
[Pg 451]" Mary, Princess
Portcullis. Nevill, G., Earl of Abergavenny
A Rose, Lancastrian. Nevill, G., Earl of Abergavenny
A Rose, Tudor. Anne, Queen.
" " Elizabeth, Queen
" " George I.
" " George III.
" " Henry VIII.
" " Henry, Prince of Wales
" " James I.
" " Mary, Princess
" " William IV.
Roses. George II.
Shamrocks. George III., George IV., William IV.
A Thistle. Anne, Queen
" George I.
" George II.
" George III.
" James I.
" Mary, Queen of Scotland
" William IV.

Balcarres, Baron Lindsay of, 269

Bannatyne Club, 264

Barker, Christopher, 247

" Robert, 247

Barnard, Sir F., 188

Bastard, Pollexpen, 317

Bateman, Abraham, 247

" John, 247

" Sir J., 57

Bath, Countess of. Bourchier, 71

Bath, Earl of. Bourchier, 72

" " Granville, 91

Bath, Order of the. Badge and collar, 183, 358

" " Badge, collar and motto, 273

" " Badge and motto, 58

Bavaria, Duke of, 167

Bayntun, Sir H., 60

Bear and ragged staff, 151

Beaton, D., Primate of Scotland, 201

Beaufort, Margaret, 213

Bedford, Duke of. Russell, 327

" Earl of. Russell, 325, 326

The Beldornie Press, 378

Belvoir Castle, 280

[Pg 452]Bennet, Sir J., 63

Berkeley, T., 65

Berthelet, T., Bookbinder, 152, 154, 220, 284

Bingham, Lavinia, 355

Bishops' Bible, 307

Blanch Lion Pursuivant, 316

Blandford, Marquis of. Churchill, 118

Blenheim, 353

Blount, S., 363

Blundell, R., 66

Bodleian Library, Oxford, 87, 144, 202, 323, 381, 384

Bohemia, Frederick, King of, 166, 167

Borough, Sir J., 330

Boscawen, E., 70

Bosworth Field, 213

Bothwell, Earl of. Hepburn, 288

Bowood, 314

Braganza, Catherine of, Queen, 94

Brandenburg-Anspach, Caroline of, Princess, 176

Bridgwater, Earl of. Egerton, 156

Bridgwater Treatises, 157

Bright, B. H., 260

Bristol, Bishop of. Gulston, 199

British Museum, 49, 53, 54, 79, 87, 128, 135, 154, 157, 171, 177, 178, 188, 191, 195, 202, 205, 213, 222, 228, 237, 248, 260, 266, 274, 314, 330, 342, 371, 384, 399

Brownlow, Sir W., 75

Buckingham, Duke of the County of. Sheffield, 337

Buckingham, Marquis of. Villiers, 54

Bullen, Anne, Queen, 46, 161, 220

" Sir T., 46

Burghley, Baron. Cecil, 98, 307, 314

Burrell, P., 78

Cadency Marks.
An Annulet. Fifth son. Walker, Sir E.
A Crescent. Second son. Abrol, W.
" Ashby. Naunton, Sir R.
" Bacon, F., Viscount St. Albans
" Dudley, R., Earl of Leicester
" Green, J. H.
" Grenville, T.
[Pg 453]" Hatton, Sir C.
A Crescent. Henry Benedict, Cardinal
" Horton, F.
" Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
" Mirfin. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
" Pye, Sir R.
" Fitzalan. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
" Say, W.
" Smith, Sir T.
" Stanley. Digby, Sir K.
A Fleur-de-lys. Sixth son. Sandys, Sir T.
A Label of 3 points. Eldest son. Brotherton. Anne Bullen, Queen
" " Brotherton. Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
" " Frederick, Prince of Wales
" " George, Prince of Wales, afterwards George II.
" " Grey, H., Earl of Stamford
" " Henry, Prince of Wales
" " Howard, C., Baron Howard
" " James, Prince of Wales. Mary of Modena, Queen
A Label of 3 points, each charged with 3 Fleurs-de-lys. Earl of Lancaster. Anne Bullen, Queen
A Label of 5 points. Angoulême. Anne Bullen, Queen
A Martlet. Fourth son. Charnock. Smith, Sir T.
A Mullet. Third son. Howard, C., Baron Howard
" Sapcote. Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
" Stuart, C., Baron Stuart
" Topsfield. Walpole, H., Earl of Oxford

Cadwallader, Dragon of, 213, 220, 247

Cæsar, Sir J., 314

Calder, Muriel, 84

[Pg 454]Cambridge, University of, 307

Camden, W., Clarencieux Herald, 316, 381

Camden Society, 322

Campbell, J., Baron Cawdor, 84

" J., Earl of Loudoun, 82

" Sir J., 84

Campden, Viscount. Noel, 305

Canterbury, Archbishop of, Cranmer, 165

" " Kempe, 258

" " Laud, 265

" " Parker, 306

" " Whitgift, 390

Capell, A., Earl of Essex, 85

Carew, G., Dean of Windsor, 86

Carnarvon, Earl of. Dormer, 145

Caroline, Queen, 179

Caroline of Brandenburg-Anspach, 176

Carteret, Sir G., 89

Cassano-Serra, Duke of, 355

Catherine of Aragon, Queen, 220

Catton, 231

Cavendish, W., Duke of Devonshire, 96

Cawdor, Baron. Campbell, 84

" Earl. Campbell, 83

Cecil, R., 101

Chapman, C., Bookbinder, 205

Charlemagne, Crown of, 171, 174, 180, 190, 395

Charlemagne, Emperor, 246

Charles V., Emperor, 346

" II., King of England, 124

" VI., King of France, 213

" Prince of Wales, 124

" Louis, Duke, 111

Charnock, Agnes, 345

Charterhouse School, 360

Chenies, 326

Chester, Bishop of. Bridgman, 73

Chester Herald. Chitting, 114

Christchurch, Dean of. Jackson, 135

Churchill, Anne, 119

" Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough, 353

" J., Duke of Marlborough, 297

" Mary, 297

Clanricarde, Marquis of. Canning, 341

Clarence, Duke of, 398

Clarencieux Herald. Camden, 316, 381

Cobham, Viscount. Lyttelton, 276

[Pg 455]Cocks, C., Baron Somers, 121, 350

Cocks, Jane, 121

Coke, E., 123

Coleridge, S. T., 195

College of Arms, 237, 340, 381

Commonwealth of England, 124

Conway Castle, 401

Coote, H. G., 125

" John, 125

Corinth, Archbishop of, 222

Coronets, Crowns, etc.
Baron. Aylmer, M., Baron Aylmer
" Campbell, J. E., Earl Cawdor
" Carteret, J., Baron Carteret
" Cocks, J., Baron Somers
" Long, C., Baron Farnborough
" Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
" Rawdon, J., Baron Rawdon
" Somers, J., Baron Somers
Cardinal's Hat. Henry Benedict, Cardinal
Crest coronet. Astle, T.
" " Bagot, Sir C.
" " Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
" " Coke, T., Earl of Leicester
" " Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel
" " Howard, C., Baron Howard
" " Hutchison, T.
" " Lloyd, D., Dean
" " Manners, F., Earl of Rutland
" " Philpot, J., Somerset Herald
" " Sackville, E., Earl of Dorset
" " Spencer, C., Earl of Sunderland
" " Vincent, A., Windsor Herald
Duke. Cavendish, W. G. S., Duke of Devonshire
" Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
" Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
" Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
[Pg 456]" Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
Duke. Manners, J., Duke of Rutland
" Monck, E., Duke of Albemarle
" Montagu, J., Duke of Montagu
" Russell, W., Duke of Bedford
" Foreign, William III.
Earl. Bennet, H., Earl of Arlington
" Bourchier, H., Countess of Bath
" Campbell, H., Earl of Loudoun
" Capell, W., Earl of Essex
" Cholmondeley, G., Earl Cholmondeley
" Cochrane, J., Earl of Dundonald
" Coventry, W., Earl of Coventry
" Dormer, R., Earl of Carnarvon
" Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
" Finch, H., Earl of Aylesford
" Grey, H., Earl of Stamford
" Harley, R., Earl of Oxford
" Hastings, F., Earl of Huntingdon
" Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
" Howard, T., Earl of Arundel
" Kerr, W., Earl of Lothian
" Maitland, J., Earl of Lauderdale
" Manners, F., Earl of Rutland
" Nevill, G., Earl of Abergavenny
" Noel, B., Earl of Gainsborough
" Percy, H., Earl of Northumberland
" Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
" Sackville, E., Earl of Dorset
" Sheffield, J., Earl of Mulgrave
" Spencer, G. T., Earl Spencer
" Waldegrave, J., Earl Waldegrave
" Watson, L., Earl of Rockingham
Electoral cap. George III.
Marquis. Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
[Pg 457]" Petty, W. F., Marquis of Lansdowne
Mural. Rawdon, J., Baron Rawdon
Princely. Henry, Prince of Wales
" James II.
" James, Prince of Wales
" Mary of Modena, Queen
Royal. All of the sovereigns of England
" Henry Benedict, Cardinal
" French. Mary, Queen of Scotland
" Hanoverian. George III.
" " George IV.
" " William IV.
" Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince
" Scottish. Mary, Queen of Scots.
Viscount. Bateman, W., Viscount Bateman
" Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
" Maitland, J., Earl of Lauderdale
" Mordaunt, J., Viscount Mordaunt

Corpus Christi College, 306

Cottage Design on bookbindings, 109

Cotton, Sir J., 127

" Sir R., 139

" Thos., 127

" Sir T., 127

Cottonian Library, 178

Courten, W., 342

Coventry, W., 130

Covert, J., 132

Cowper, Baron, 133

Cranfield, L., Earl of Middlesex, 72

Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, 165

Crawford, Earl of. Lindsay, 270

Crests figured. (Small details not given here.)
An Anchor. Kinnear, J. G.
An Antelope. Byng
An Arm, with club. Brudenell.
" with laurel branch. Burrell, Sir W.
" with sword. Philpot, J., Somerset Herald
[Pg 458]" holding 6 arrows. Smith, J.
2 Arms in armour, holding a ring. Musgrave, Sir W.
6 Arrows surmounted by a morion. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
A Basilisk. Naunton, Sir R.
A Bear with ragged staff. Dudley, R., Earl of Leicester
A Bear, head only. Berkeley, R.
" " Vincent, A., Windsor Herald
A Boar. Bacon, F., Viscount St. Albans
" demi, wounded by an arrow. Cracherode, C. M.
" head only. Lloyd, D., Dean of Peterborough
A Buck's head. Locker, E. H.
" " Windsor, T., Baron Windsor
A Bull, crowned. Rivers, Sir J.
" head only. Hastings, F., Earl of Huntingdon
A Camel's head. Pepys, S.
A Coat of mail hanging on a tree. Somers, J., Baron Somers
A Cock upon a garb. Coventry, W., Earl of Coventry
A Cockatrice. Hutchinson, T.
A Coot. Coote, C.
A Cross crosslet fitchée, between wings. Pye, Sir R.
An Eagle with a sun in glory. Campbell, H., Earl of Loudoun
" demi. Challeston.
" " Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel
" head only. Hoare, Sir R. C.
An Eagle's head, with foot in the beak. Stanley, T.
An Estoile. Sackville, E., Earl of Dorset
A Falcon holding a shield. White, R. S.
Feather plume in a case. Astle, T.
A Garb, upon which is a cock. Coventry, W., Earl of Coventry
A Goat's head. Bagot, Sir C.
A Greyhound. Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
[Pg 459]" Tash, T.
A Greyhound, head only. Sutton, T.
A Griffin's head. Bayntun, W.
" " Montagu, J., Duke of Montagu
" " Spencer, C., Earl of Sunderland
" " Spencer, G. J., Earl Spencer
A Heart, crowned and winged. Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
A Hind. Hatton, Sir C.
A Lion passant. Howard, C., Baron Howard
A Lion rampant with an arrow.
" " Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
" " demi. Bridgman, Sir O.
" " " Stuart, C., Baron Stuart
A Lion sejant. Ley, J., Earl of Marlborough
" " between 2 horns. Frederick, Elector Palatine
" " holding a sword and a fleur-de-lys. Maitland, J., Earl of Lauderdale
" " holding a sword and a sceptre. Mary, Queen of Scotland
A Lion statant on a royal crown. The Crest of England. English Sovereigns, from James I. onwards
" " Frederick, Prince of Wales, coroneted
A Lion's gamb. Boothby, Sir B.
A Man's head. Walpole, H., Earl of Oxford
A Mullet. Garrick, D.
An Ostrich with a horseshoe in his beak. Coke, I., Earl of Leicester
" " Digby, Sir K.
An Ostrich wing. Gulston, W., Bishop of Bristol
Ostrich feathers. Dering, Sir E.
[Pg 460]" " Trewarthen
An Ounce's head. Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
A Peacock in Pride. Manners, F., Earl of Rutland
A Pheon. Rawdon, J., Baron Rawdon
A Phœnix. Smith, Sir T.
A Saracen's head. Mordaunt, J., Viscount Mordaunt
A Serpent. Cavendish, W. G. S., Duke of Devonshire
A Sheldrake with an escallop. Rawlinson, R.
A Squirrel. Blundell, A.
" Carteret, J., Baron Carteret
" Carteret, G., Baron Carteret
A Stag. Cocks, J., Baron Somers
A Swan. Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
A Talbot. Heydon, Sir C.
" with a tree. Topsfield
" head only. Chitting, H.
A Tent. Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
A Wolf's Head. D'Ewes, Sir S.
A Wyvern. Trevor, M., Viscount Dungannon

Cromwell, Oliver. Protector, 124

Crown Jewels, 122

Crowns. See supra, "Coronets, etc."

Cumberland, Duke of, 379

Curtana, 97

Curzon, Mary, 328

Darnley, Earl of. Stuart, 288

Dartmouth, Baron. Legge, 211

Davies, R., 322

Day, J., Printer, 161, 307

De Beaufort, Greyhound of, 213

" House of, 303

De Guiscard, A., 204

Derby, F., Earl of. Stanley, 208

Dering, Sir A., 136

D'Este, Alphonso IV., Duke of Modena, 291

Devonshire, Duke of. Cavendish, 96

D'Ewes, Paul, 138

" Sir S., 205

Diary of S. Pepys, 311

Digby, Sir E., 144

[Pg 461]Dodge, Anne, 229

Dormer, Sir W., 146

Dorset, Earl of. Sackville, 332

Douglas, Gawyn, 264

Droits of Admiralty, 191

Drumlanrig, Viscount. Douglas, 149

Dublin, Arms of, 247

Dundonald, Earl of. Cochrane, 120

Dungannon, Viscount. Trevor, 372

Dunkeld, Bishop of. Hamilton, 201

Durham, Bishop of. Egerton, 135, 157

East India Company, 334

Edward IV., 212

Effingham, Baron Howard of, 232-3

Eliot, T., Bookbinder, 205

Elizabeth, Queen, 49, 161, 210

" Princess, daughter of James I., 167

" of York, 213

Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 44

Essex, Earl of. Capell, 85, 229, 320

Falmouth, Viscount. Boscawen, 69

Farmer, R., 188

Farnborough, Baron. Long, 273

Ferdinand, King of Spain, 93

Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel, 227

" W., Earl of Arundel, 165

Fitzwalter, Viscount. Radclyffe, 320

Foundation Libraries of the British Museum, 178

France, Arms of, 189

" Queen of. Mary of England, 293

Francis II., King of France, 287

Franks, Sir W., 287

Frederick V., Elector, 49

" II., King of Denmark, 49

" Prince of Wales, 187

Frisingfield, 369

Gainsborough, Earl of. Noel, 304-5

Gamage, Barbara, 363

The Garter. Alone, 44, 50, 63, 100, 103, 158, 164, 168, 171, 174, 180, 193, 214, 224, 234, 239, 249, 279, 295, 296, 312, 313, 319, 336, 392

[Pg 462]" With the Great George and the Collar. Frontispiece, 183, 186, 190, 395

George III., 222, 344

" IV., 97, 222

The George. The badge of the Order of the Garter. Frontispiece, 183, 186, 190, 395

Germany, English Dominions in. Arms of, 189

Gibson, John, Bookbinder, 247

Glasgow, Archbishop of. Beaton, 61

Glover, M., 235

" R., 316

" Susan, 316

Gower, Baron, 194

Granby, Marquis of. Manners, 282

Granville, Countess, 89

Green, J., 195

Grenville, Baron, 195

" George, 196

Grey, Lady Jane, 101, 150, 154, 293

Grey of Groby, Baron, 197

The Great George. Frontispiece, 183, 186, 190, 395

Great Wymondley, Manor of, 135

Grolier, the English, 407

Guernsey, Baron of. Finch, 163

Gulston, Elise, 200

Gunpowder Plot, 312

Hampden, John, 318

Hanover, 189, 379

Harley, Sir E., 204

" R., 260

" Library of, 178, 197, 205

The Harp of Ireland, 187, 246

Haselrig, Sir A., 197

Hatton, W., 210

Helmets.
Esquire. Berkeley, R.
" Boothby, Sir B.
" Challeston
" Chitting, H.
" Coke, T., Earl of Leicester
" Digby, Sir K.
" Hatton, Sir C.
" Ley, J. Earl of Marlborough
" Naunton, Sir R.
" Pepys, S.
" Pye, Sir R.
" Smith, Sir T.
" Sutton, T.
[Pg 463]" Topsfield
Esquire. Vincent, A., Windsor Herald
" Walpole, H., Earl of Oxford
Knight. Bagot, Sir C.
" Somers, J., Baron Somers
Peer. Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
" Campbell, Earl of Loudoun
" " J. F., Earl Cawdor
" Carteret, G., Baron Carteret
" Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
" Coventry, W., Earl of Coventry
" Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel
" Howard, C, Baron Howard
" Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
" Maitland, J., Earl of Lauderdale
Royal. Anne, Queen
" Charles I.
" " II.
" Frederick, Prince of Wales
" George I.
" " II.
" " III.
" " IV.
" James II.
" Mary, Queen of Scotland
" William III.
" " IV.

Henry VII., 220, 293

" Prince of Wales, 165, 237

Hepburn, J., Earl of Bothwell, 288

Herbert, Anne, 146

Heydon, Sir C., 229

Hickman, Dixie, 403

Highcliffe Castle, 358

Howard, P., Earl of Arundel, 237

" W., Baron Howard

Huntingdon, Earl of. Hastings, 208, 321

Hutchinson, P., 238

Hyde, Anne, 53, 395

" E., 53

India, Emperor of, 155

" Empress of, 379

Ingestre, 113

Initials.
A. Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince
[Pg 464]A. R. Anne, Queen
C. C. Charles II.
C. R. "
Car. Rex. "
E. H. L. Locker, E. H.
E. P. Edward VI.
E. R. "
E. R. Elizabeth, Queen
G. P. George II.
G. R. " I.
G. R. " III.
H. B. Blundell, H.
H. C. Chitting, H.
I. D. Trevor, M., Viscount Dungannon
I. R. (i.e. I. Reynes.) Tudor Rose
J. D. James II.
J. R. " I.
K. D. V. Digby, Sir K.
M. D. Henry VIII.
M. M. S. Sykes, Sir M. M.
M. Φ. Mary, Queen of Scotland
M. R. William III. and Mary II.
M. S. Mary, Princess
R. D. Dudley, R., Earl of Leicester
W. D. Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
W. R. William III.

The Irish Harp, 187, 246

Isabella, Queen of Spain, 93

Jackson, Cyril, Dean of Christchurch, 135

James I., King of England, 227, 280

" II., " " 395

" IV., King of Scotland, 246

" V. " " 287

John of Gaunt, 276

Johnson, Dr. S., 188

Juan IV., King of Portugal, 95

Judd, Alice, 348

" Sir A., 348

Kalthoeber, C., Bookbinder, 188, 355

Kemp Town, 258

Kempe, J., Archbishop of Canterbury, 258

Kempe, T., Bishop of London, 258

" Sir T., 258

Kenilworth, 151

Kent, Edward, Duke of, 379

Ker, R., Duke of Roxburghe, 260

[Pg 465]Kerr, R., Earl of Ancrum, 262

The King's Library, British Museum, 188

La Garrique, family of, 170

Lambeth Palace Library, 42, 266

Lansdowne, Earl and Marquis of. Petty, 314

Lauderdale, Viscount and Earl of. Maitland, 278

Legends. See Mottoes.

Legislative Union of Great Britain with Ireland, 1801, 188

Legislative Union of England and Scotland, 1706, 53

Leicester, Earl of. Coke, 121

" " Dudley, 150

" " Sydney, 363

Lewis, G., 196

" J., 373

Ley, H., 268

" J., Baron Ley, 268

Lincoln, Bishop of. Williams, 401

" Earl of. Clinton, 233

Lindsay, Baron, 270

" J., Lord Menmuir, 270

L'Isle, Viscount. Sydney, 363

Liverpool, Earl of. Jenkinson, 191

Llandaff, Bishop of. Gilbert, 192

Locker, W., 272

Locker-Lampson, F., 272

London, Bishop of. Kempe, 258

Long, Beeston, 274

Lothian, Countess of. Kerr, 262

" Earl of. Kerr, 262

Loudoun, Earl of. Campbell, 82

Louis XII., King of France, 293

" XIV., King of France, 144, 291

Lovel, Baron, 123

Lucan, Earl of. Bingham, 355

Lumley, Baron, 165, 227

Lyttelton, Baron, 276

" G. C., Viscount Cobham, 276

" Sir T., 276

Magdalene College, Cambridge, 309

Maitland, Baron, 278

Malpas, Viscount. Cholmondeley, 115

Manners, Dorothy, 305

" J., Earl of Rutland, 279

" Sir R., 280

March, Earls of. Mortimer, 213

[Pg 466]Marie Louisa, of Saxe-Coburg, Saalfield, 379

Marlborough, Duke of. Churchill, 297, 353

Marlborough, Henrietta, Duchess of, 297, 353

Marlborough, Earl of. Ley, 267

Mary, Queen of Scotland, 101, 246

Masterman, Henrietta, 365

" Henry, 365

Matthew, J., 294

Maurice, John, 227

Mearne, S., Bookbinder, 109, 124

Mecklenburg, Charlotte of, Queen, 110

Menmuir, Lord. Lindsay, 270

Middlesex, Earl of. Cranfield, 72

Modena, Alphonso IV., Duke of, 289, 291

Moira, Earl of. Hastings, 321

Monck, D., Duke of Albemarle, 342

" G., " " 295

Montagu, Duke of, 297

" House, 342

The Moon, 219, 375

Mordaunt, J., Earl of Peterborough, 299

Mortimer, Earl of. Harley, 203

Mottoes and Legends.
AGE QUOD AGIS. Blundell, H.
ANNA. Anne, Queen
ASTRA CASTRA (with the crest). Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
AVITO VIRET HONORE. Stuart, C., Baron Stuart
BE MINDFULL. Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
BIBLIOTHECA ARUNDELIANA. Howard, T., Earl of Arundel
BIBLIOTHECA MANUSCRIPT. SLOANEIANA. Sloane, Sir H.
BON TEMPS VIENDRA. Bourchier, R., Countess of Bath
CAVENDO TUTUS. Cavendish, W. G. S., Duke of Devonshire
THE COMMONWEALTH OF ENGLAND. The Commonwealth
CONSILIO ET ANIMIS (with the crest). Maitland, T., Earl of Lauderdale
COR VNV VIA VNA. Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
DARE QUAM ACCIPERE. Lloyd, D., Dean of St. Asaph
DAVID DOMINVS LYNDESAY DE BALCARRES. Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
[Pg 467]DESIR NA' REPOS. Howard, C., Baron Howard of Effingham
DEUS DAT NOBIS TUAM PACEM ET POSTMORTEM VITAM ETERNAM AMEN. Henry VIII.
DEVS INDVSTRIAM BEAT. Harborne, W.
DIEU DEFEND LE DROIT. Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
" " Spencer, C., Earl of Sunderland
" " Spencer, G. J., Earl Spencer
DIEU ET MON DROIT. Charles I.
" " Charles II.
" " George I.
" " George II.
" " George III.
" " George IV.
" " Henry VIII.
" " James I.
" " James II.
EDOARDVS DERING MILES ET BARONETTVS. Dering, Sir E.
ELIZABETH. Elizabeth, Queen
ESSE QUAM VIDERE. Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
EX DONO RACHAEL COMITISSÆ BATHON DOTARE AN DOM. MDCLXX. Bourchier, R., Countess of Bath
FARI QUÆ SENTIAT. Walpole, H., Earl of Oxford
FAYTH FAILETH NOT. Topsfield
FEAR GOD AND FEAR NOT. Locker, E. H.
FERENDVM VT VINCAS. Beaton, J., Archbishop of Glasgow
FIDE ET FORTITUDINE. Capell, W., Earl of Essex
FIDELITATE ET SAGACITATE. Chitting, H.
FIEL PERO DESDICHADO. Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
FORDWARD. Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
FORTITER GERIT CRUCEM. Hutchinson, T.
GOD WITH US. The Commonwealth
HEC ROSA VIRTUTIS DE CELO MISSA SERENO ETERNŪ FLORENS REGIA SCEPTRA FERET. Tudor Rose
HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE. (The motto of the order of the Garter.)
[Pg 468]Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince.
Anne, Queen.
Bennet, H., Earl of Arlington.
Cecil, W., Baron Burghley.
Charles I.
Charles II.
Elizabeth, Queen.
Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel.
Frederick, Prince of Wales.
George I.
George II.
George III.
George IV.
Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland.
Henry VIII.
Henry, Prince of Wales.
Howard, H., Earl of Northampton.
James I.
James II.
Manners, F., Earl of Rutland.
Monck, C., Duke of Albemarle.
Montagu, J., Duke of Montagu
HONORANTES ME HONORABO. Hastings, F., Earl of Huntingdon
IACOBVS A BETOVN ARCHIEPISCOPVS GLASGVENSIS, 1576. Beaton, J., Archbishop of Glasgow
ICH DIEN. Edward VI.
" Frederick, Prince of Wales
" George II. James I.
IN DEFENS. Mary, Queen of Scotland
INGENUAS SUSPICIT ARTES. Long, C., Baron Farnborough
INSIGNIA KENELMI DIGBY EQVITIS AVRATI. Digby, Sir K.
JOANNES METELLANVS LAUDERIÆ COMES. Maitland, J., Earl of Lauderdale
LOYAL DEVOIR. Carteret, G., Baron Carteret
" " Carteret, J., Baron Carteret
LOYAVTE MON HONNEVR. Walker, Sir E.
MARIA REGINA. Mary, Queen of Scotland
MEA GLORIA FIDES. Watson, L., Earl of Rockingham
MENS CUIUSQUE IS EST QUISQUE. Pepys, S.
LA MIA GRANDEZZA VIENE DAL ECCELSO. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
NEC ELATA NEC DEIECTA. Finch, H., Earl of Aylesford
NEC PRECE NEC PRETIO. Bateman, W., Viscount Bateman
[Pg 469]NEC SPERO NEC DESPERO. Green, J. H.
NEMO ME IMPVNE LACESSIT. (The motto of the Order of the Thistle.) Campbell, A., Earl of Loudoun
" " George III.
NE VILE FANO. Bourchier, R., Countess of Bath
NOBILIS IRA (with crest). Stuart, C., Baron Stuart de Rothesay
NON EST MORTALE QUOD OPTO. Bourchier, R., Countess of Bath
NVMEN LUMEN MVNIMEN. Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
PERSEVERANDO. White, R. S.
PRO CHRISTO ET PATRIA. Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
PRODESSE QUAM CONSPICI. Somers, J., Baron Somers
PRUDENS QUI PATIENS. Coke, T., Earl of Leicester
PRUDENS SIMPLICITAS. Naunton, Sir R.
REX HENRICUS VIII. Henry VIII.
RICHARD SAMUEL WHITE, ESQ. White, R. S.
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR CHARLES BAGOT. Bagot, Sir C.
ROBERT HARLEY. Harley, R., Earl of Oxford
SAM. PEPYS CAR. ET IAC. ANGL. REGIB. A SECRETIS ADMIRALIÆ. Pepys, S.
SA VERTU MATIRE. Mary, Queen of Scotland
SEMPER EADEM. Anne, Queen
" " Bourchier, R., Countess of Bath
SIC DONEC. Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
SIGIL. GUL. BAYNTUN. Bayntun, W.
SIGILLVM RICARDI SANCTI GEORGII. St. George, Sir R.
SORS MEA DEXTRA DEI. Kerr, W., Earl of Lothian
SPEM FORTUNA ALIT. Kinnear, J. G.
STEADY. Aylmer, M., Baron Aylmer
STOURHEAD LIBRARY. Hoare, Sir R. C.
SVB LIBERTATE QVIETEM. Burrell, Sir W.
TENEZ LE VRAY. Towneley, R.
[Pg 470]TERES ATQUE ROTUNDUS. Abrol
THOS. SUTTON ARM. FUNDATOR. Sutton, T.
TRIA JUNCTA IN UNO. (The motto of the Order of the Bath.) Bagot, Sir C. Bateman, W., Viscount Bateman. George III. Long, C., Baron Farnborough
UNG DIEU UNG ROY. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
VINCENTI AUGUSTA. Vincent, A., Windsor Herald
VINCIT VERITAS. Coote, C.
VIRTUTE ET FIDE. Harley, R., Earl of Oxford
VIRTUTE NON VERBIS. Petty, W. F., Marquis of Lansdowne
VIRTVTIS LAVS ACTIO. Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel
VIVAT REGINA. Anne, Queen

Mulgrave, Earl of. Sheffield, 337

Mulsho, Mary, 144

Murray, Anne, 120

" Earl of. Stuart, 246

Musgrave, Sir R., 300

Naunton, H., 302

Nevill, Anne, 303

" R., Earl of Warwick, 303

" W., Earl of Abergavenny, 303

" greyhound of, 213, 220

Noel, Baron, 305

Norfolk, Earl and Marquis of. Howard, 236

Normandy, Marquis and Duke of, 337

Northampton, Earl of. Howard, 234

Northumberland, Duke of. Percy, 150

" Earl of. Percy, 312

" House, 235

Norton, J., 247

" R., 247

Olantigh, 258

Old Royal Library, British Museum, 178

Orange, Prince of, 394

The Orb, 97

Oxford, Earl of. Walpole, 386

" " Harley, 203

Parker, J., 317

" M., Archbishop of Canterbury, 161

[Pg 471] Parker Society, 391

Parr, Catherine, Queen, 220

Pavilion, Brighton, 399

Payne, Roger, Bookbinder, 135, 355, 405

Pearson, T., 260

Pedro II., King of Portugal, 95

Pepys, John, 310

" Library, Cambridge, 309

Persons and Families whose Arms or Crests are figured.
Abbot, G., Archbishop of Canterbury
Abernethy. See Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
Abrol
Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince
Alyson. See Salwey, H.
Anne, Queen
" Bullen, Queen
" of Denmark, Queen
Ashby. See Naunton, Sir R.
Astle, T.
Aston. See Salwey, R.
Audley. See Windsor, T., Baron Windsor
Aylmer, M., Baron Aylmer
Bacon, F., Viscount St. Albans
Bagot. See Chetwynd, W.
" Sir C.
Balderstone. See Covert, W.
Bateman, W., Viscount Bateman
Bayntun, W.
Beaton, J., Archbishop of Glasgow
Beauchamp. See Cotton, Sir R. B.
" " Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Bennet, H., Earl of Arlington
Bereford. See Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
Berkeley, R.
Berondon. See Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
Bingham. See Spencer, G. T., Earl Spencer
Blackborne. See Trewarthen
Blount. See Windsor, T., Baron Windsor
Blundell, H.
Bodenham. See Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
Bonvile. See Grey, H., Earl of Stamford
Boothby, Sir B.
[Pg 472]Boscawen, H., Viscount Falmouth
Boteler. See Salwey, H.
Botevile. See Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
Bourchier. See Grey, H., Earl of Stamford
" R., Countess of Bath
Bourke. See Covert, W.
Boyes. See Covert, W.
Brabant, Duke of. See Digby, Sir K.
Bradeston. See Covert, W.
" See Hatton, Sir C.
Bradshaw. See Gilbert, J., Archbishop of York
" See Salwey, H.
Brandon. See Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" " Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Bridgman, Sir O.
Brotherton. See Anne Bullen, Queen
" " Howard, C., Baron Howard
" " Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
Browne. See Hatton, Sir C.
Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
Bruce. See Cotton, Sir R. B.
Brudenell
Bullingham
Burley. See Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
Burnell. See Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
Burrell, Sir W.
Busserard. See Naunton, Sir R.
Butler. See Anne Bullen, Queen
" " St. George, Sir R.
Butts. See Trewarthen
Byng
Calder. See Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
Calthrop. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Campbell, H., Earl of Loudoun
" J. F., Earl Cawdor
Capell, W., Earl of Essex
Carew, G., Earl of Totness
Caroline of Brandenburg. See George II.
Carrell. See Hatton, Sir C.
Carteret, G., Baron Carteret
[Pg 473]" J., " "
Catherine of Aragon, Queen
" Braganza, Queen
Cavendish, W. G. S., Duke of Devonshire
Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
Challeston
Charles I.
" II.
Charlotte of Mecklenburg, Queen
Chetwynd, W.
Chiche. See Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
Chichele. See Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
Charnock. See Smith, Sir T.
Chitting, H.
Cholmondeley, G., Earl Cholmondeley
Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
Cochrane, J., Earl of Dundonald
Cocks, J., Baron Somers
Coke, T., Earl of Leicester
Coleshill. See Trewarthen
Colvile. See Worthington
Comyn. See Covert, W.
Coote, C.
Cotton, Sir R. B.
Coventry, W., Earl of Coventry
Covert, W.
Cowper, W., Earl Cowper
Cracherode, C. M.
Culcheth. See Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
Davenport. See Digby, Sir K.
Dawes. See Salwey, H.
De La Tour. See Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
Dene. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Dengayne. See St. George, Sir R.
Dering, Sir E.
D'Este. See Mary of Modena, Queen
D'Ewes, Sir S.
Dexter. See Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
Digby, Sir K.
Dormer, R., Earl of Carnarvon
Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
Duckenfield. See Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
Dudley. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
[Pg 474]" R., Earl of Leicester
Dyall. See Covert, W.
Edward the Confessor. See Cotton, Sir R. B.
Edward VI.
" VII.
Egerton. See Chetwynd, W.
" " Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
Elizabeth, Queen
Etchington. See Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
Fane. See Bourchier, R., Countess of Bath
Ferrara. See Mary of Modena, Queen
Ferrers. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Finch, H., Earl of Aylesford
Fitzalan. See Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel
Fitz-Walter. See Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
Frederick, Elector Palatine
" II., King of Denmark. See Anne of Denmark, Queen
" Prince of Wales
Froxmere. See Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
Gamage. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Gardiner. See Kinnear, J. G.
Garrick, D.
Garshall. See Chetwynd, W.
George I.
" II.
" III.
" IV.
Gilbert, J., Archbishop of York
Glover. See Philpot, J., Somerset Herald
Gore. See Bayntun, W.
Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
Granville. See Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
Green, J. H.
Grenville, T.
Grey. See Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
[Pg 475]" " Pepys
Grey. See Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
" Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" H., Earl of Stamford
Gulston, W., Bishop of Bristol
Gurnon. See Chetwynd, W.
Hamilton, J., Archbishop of St. Andrews
Harborne, W.
Harding. See Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
Harley, R., Earl of Oxford
Haslerigg. See Chetwynd, W.
Hastings. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Hatton, Sir C.
Hayward. See Berkeley, R.
Heath, B.
Henderson. See Chetwynd, W.
Henry VII.
" VIII.
" Prince of Wales
" Benedict, Cardinal York
Herbert. See Dormer, R., Earl of Carnarvon
" " Finch, H., Earl of Aylesford
Herringham. See Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
Heydon, Sir C.
Hillock. See Naunton, Sir R.
Hoare, Sir R. C.
Holdenby. See Hatton, Sir C.
Horton, F.
Houghton. See Naunton, Sir R.
Howard, C., Baron Howard of Effingham
" H., Earl of Northampton
" T., Earl of Arundel
Hutchinson, T.
Ingleby. See St. George, Sir R.
Inglish. See Naunton, Sir R.
James I.
" I. See Frederick, Elector
" II.
" Prince of Wales
Judd. See Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
Kemp, T. R.
Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
Kerr, W., Earl of Lothian
[Pg 476]Kinnear, J. G.
Lancaster, Earl of. See Anne Bullen, Queen
Langton. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
" See Worthington
Laud, W., Archbishop of Canterbury
Leveson. See Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
Ley, J., Earl of Marlborough
Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
Lloyd, D., Dean of St. Asaph
Locker, E. H.
Long, C., Baron Farnborough
Lorn. See Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
Lort. See Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
Lucy. See Digby, Sir K.
" " Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
Lupus. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Lyle. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
Maitland, J., Earl of Lauderdale
Maltravers. See Fitz-Alan, H., Earl of Arundel
Manners. See Noel, B., Earl of Gainsborough
" F., Earl of Rutland
" J., Duke of Rutland
Marr. See Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
Marlin. See Naunton, Sir R.
Mary I., Queen of England
" II., " "
" Queen of Scotland
" of Modena, Queen
" Princess of England
" " See Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
" " See Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
Mason. See Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
Masterman. See Sykes, Sir M. M.
Matthew, T., Archbishop of York
Meriford. See Chetwynd, W.
[Pg 477]Meynell. See Windsor, T., Baron Windsor
Mirfin. See Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
Monck, C., Duke of Albemarle
Montagu, J., Duke of Montagu
Montfort. See Salwey, H.
Monthermer. See Montagu, J., Duke of Montagu
Mordaunt, J., Viscount Mordaunt
Mortimer. See St. George, Sir R.
Mulsho. See Digby, Sir K.
Murray. See Cochrane, J., Earl of Dundonald
Musgrave, Sir W.
Naunton, Sir R.
Nevill. See Hatton, Sir C.
" G. E., Earl of Abergavenny
Neville. See Digby, Sir K.
Newport. See Sheldon, R.
Noel, B., Earl of Gainsborough
Nowers. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Offley. See Hatton, Sir C.
Parker, M., Archbishop of Canterbury
Pepys, S.
Percy, H., Earl of Northumberland
Petty, W. F., Marquis of Lansdowne
Philpot, J., Somerset Herald
Pilkington. See Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
Pinchbeck. See Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
Poulett, B., Lady
Powell. See Naunton, Sir R.
Pye, Sir R.
Radcliffe, R., Earl of Sussex
Rawdon, J., Baron Rawdon
" M.
Rawlinson, R.
Raymond. See Chetwynd, W.
Rivers, Sir. J.
Rochford. See Anne Bullen, Queen
Rockly. See Covert, W.
Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
" W., Duke of Bedford
Sackville, E., Earl of Dorset
St. Andrew. See Commonwealth
" " George III.
" " Mary, Queen of Scotland
St. Clair. See Covert, W.
St. George. See Commonwealth
" " George III.
[Pg 478]" " Henry VIII.
St. George. See Tudor Rose
St. George, Sir R.
Salter. See Chetwynd
Salwey, H.
Sandys, Sir T.
Sapcote. See Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
Say, W.
Scudamore. See Pye, Sir R.
Sheffield. See Covert, W.
" J., Earl of Mulgrave
Sheldon, R.
Sloane, Sir H.
Smith. See Spencer, G. J., Earl Spencer
" J.
" Sir T.
Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
Somers, J., Baron Somers
Spencer. See Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
" C., Earl of Sunderland
" G. J., Earl Spencer
Stanley. See Digby, Sir K.
" " Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" T.
Stanton. See Hatton, Sir C.
Strange. See Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
Stuart, C., Baron Stuart de Rothesay
Sutton, See Smythe, T., Viscount Strangford
" T.
Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Sykes, Sir M. M.
Symonds. See Covert, W.
Talbot. See Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
Tash, T.
Thynne. See Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
Tollemache. See Grey, H., Earl of Stamford
Topsfield
Towneley, R.
Trelawny. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Trevor, M., Viscount Dungannon
Trewarthen
Trussell. See St. George, Sir R.
[Pg 479]Tyrrell. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Usher, J., Archbishop of Armagh
Utterson, E. V.
Valence, Earl of Pembroke. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Vandals. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
Verney. See Chetwynd, W.
Victoria, Queen
Vincent, A., Windsor Herald
Waldegrave, J., Earl Waldegrave
Walker, Sir E.
Walpole, H., Earl of Oxford
Ware, Sir J.
Warren. See Anne Bullen, Queen
" " Howard, C., Baron Howard
" " Howard, H., Earl of Northampton
Warwick. See Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Watson, L., Earl of Rockingham
Weapont. See Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
Wedson. See Hatton, Sir C.
Wellington. See Sheldon, R.
Wesenham. See Cotton, Sir R. B.
Westcote. See Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
White, R. S.
Whitgift, J., Archbishop of Canterbury
William III. and Mary II.
Williams, J., Bishop of Lincoln
Windsor, T., Baron Windsor
Wodhull, M.
Worthington
Wotton, E., Baron Wotton
Wright, J.
Wycliffe
Wyerley. See Salwey, H.
Wyndham, Sir H.
Wynstone. See Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
" " Pye, Sir R.
Wyse. See Russell, F., Earl of Bedford
Yonge. See Covert, W.
York. See Hatton, Sir C.
Zouch. See Naunton, Sir R.

Peterborough, Earl of. Mordaunt, 299

Philip II., King of Spain, 283

Phillips, T., 65

Philpot, H., 316
[Pg 480]
Pirckheimer family, 237

Places, the Arms of which are figured.
Angoulême. Anne Bullen, Queen
Aragon. Catherine, of Aragon, Queen
Armagh, See of. Usher, J., Archbishop of Armagh
Bavaria. Frederick, Elector Palatine
Brabant. Sydney, R., Earl of Leicester
Brandenburg. George II.
Brunswick. George I. George II. George IV. William IV.
Buren. William III.
Canterbury, See of. Abbot, G., Archbishop of Canterbury
" " Laud, W., Archbishop of Canterbury
" " Whitgift
Castile. Catherine, of Aragon, Queen
Castile, a bordure of. Catherine, of Braganza, Queen
Catsenelboge. William III.
Chalon. William III.
Crossen. George II.
Dalmenhurst. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
Denmark. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
Dietz. William III.
Ditzmers. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
England. All the sovereigns of England from Henry VII. to Edward VII.
" Frederick, Prince of Wales
" Gower, G. L., Duke of Sutherland
" Henry, Prince of Wales.
" Henry Benedict, Cardinal.
" James, Prince of Wales
" Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
" Mary, Princess
" " of Modena, Queen
France. " " "
Geneva. William III.
Gothes. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
Grenada. Catherine, of Aragon, Queen
Guyenne. Anne Bullen, Queen
Halberstadt. George II.
[Pg 481]Hohenzollern. George II.
Holstein. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
Ireland. All the sovereigns of England from James I. to Edward VII. Frederick, Prince of Wales. Henry, Prince of Wales. Henry Benedict, Cardinal. James, Prince of Wales. Mary, of Modena, Queen
Jägerndorff. George II.
Leon. Catherine, of Aragon, Queen
Lincoln, See of. Williams, J., Bishop of Lincoln
London, City of. Henry VIII.
" " Tudor Rose
Lunenburg. George I. George II. George III. George IV. William IV.
Magdeburg. George II.
Mecklenburg. Charlotte, of Mecklenburg, Queen
Minden. George II.
Moers. William III.
Nassau. William III.
Norway. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
Nüremberg. George II.
Oldenburg. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
Orange. William III.
Pfalz-am-Rhein. Frederick, Elector Palatine
Pommern. George II.
Portugal. Catherine, of Braganza, Queen
Prussia. George II.
Ratzeburg. Charlotte, of Mecklenburg, Queen
" George II.
Saxony. George I. George II. George III. George IV. William IV.
Scotland. All sovereigns of England from James I. to Edward VII. Frederick, Prince of Wales. Henry, Prince of Wales. Henry Benedict, Cardinal. James, Prince of Wales. Mary, Queen of Scotland. Mary, of Modena, Queen
Schwerin. Charlotte, of Mecklenburg, Queen
Sicily. Catherine, of Aragon, Queen
[Pg 482]Sleswick. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
Stormer. Anne, of Denmark, Queen
Sweden. " " "
Vianden. William III.
Wenden. Charlotte, of Mecklenburg, Queen
Wenden. George II.
York, See of. Matthew, T., Archbishop of York

Plot, Robert, 113

Poulett, Earl, 317

Queensberry, Duke of. Douglas, 147

" Earl of. Douglas, 149

" Marquis of. Douglas, 147, 149

Radclyffe, H., 320

" R., 320

Ratcliffe, J., 188

Rawdon, Sir J., 321

" L., 322

Rawlinson, Sir T., 323

Raymond, Sir C., 78

The Record Office, 213

Reviczky, Count, 355

Reynes, J., Bookbinder, 219, 376

Richard III., 213, 303

Richmond, Earl of. Tudor, 213

Rivers, Sir G., 324

" Sir J., 324

Rivet, Mirabel, 229

Robsart, Amy, 150

Rockingham, Earl of. Watson, 314

" " " 388

Ros, of Hamlake, Baron. Manners, 280

" Eleanor, 280

Rothesay, Baron Stuart de. Stuart, 357

Rouge Dragon Pursuivant. Philpot, 316

Rows, John, 151

" Roll, 151

Roxburghe, Duke of. Ker, 259, 260

" Club, 260

Royal Libraries, 399

" Society, 237

" Titles, 189

Rutland, Duke of. Manners, 281, 305

" Earl of. " 279

Rylands, J., 355

" Mrs. 355
[Pg 483]
Sackville, R., Earl of Dorset, 328

Saint Albans, Viscount. Bacon, 56

" Andrews, Archbishop of. Hamilton, 201

" Asaph, Dean of. Lloyd, 271

" Benet's College, 306

" George, 375

" " The Chevalier, 222, 257

" " Sir H., 384

" " T., 330

" John's Gate, Clerkenwell, 170

Salic Law, 380

Salisbury, Bishop of. Gilbert, 192

" Dean of. Williams, 401

Sandys, E., Archbishop of York, 333

Sandys Islands, 334

Say, W., 335

Sceptre with the Dove, 280

Semper eadem, 53

Shelburne, Earl of. Petty, 314

Sheldon, W., 340

Sloane, Alex., 341

" Sir H., 178

Smith, J., 345

" Sir T., 205

Smythe, Sir J., 348

" Sir T., 334

Sobieski, Mary Clementina, 222

Solebay, Battle of, 337

Somers, Baron. Cocks, 121, 350

Somers Islands, 334

Somerset Herald. Philpot, 315, 316

Sondes, Viscount, 388

Sophia, Electress, 167, 173

Southampton, Earl of. Wriothesley, 327

Spanish Armada, 233

Stafford, Marquis of. Gower, 194

Stamford, Earl of. Grey, 197, 205

Stanley, Sir E., 356

" Sir T., 144

" Venetia, 144

Stanneries, Warden of the, 70

Stanley, Elizabeth, 208

Stourhead Library, 230

Stowe, Library at, 54

Strawberry Hill, 386

Stuart, Lady Arabella, 294, 312

" Sir C., 358

" Henry, Earl of Darnley, 288

" Susan, 119

Suffolk, Duchess of. Brandon, 293
[Pg 484]
Suffolk, Duke of. Brandon, 293

Sun in glory, 219, 375

Sunderland, Earl of. Spencer, 119, 352

Supporters.
Angels, two. Anne Bullen, Queen
" " Catherine, of Aragon, Queen
" " Harley, R., Earl of Oxford
" " to crown. Henry VII.
" " Tudor Rose
A Bear. Vincent, A., Windsor Herald
Bucks, two. Cavendish, W. G. S., Duke of Devonshire
" " Kerr, W., Earl of Lothian
A Dragon and a greyhound. Henry VIII.
An Eagle of the Holy Roman Empire. Churchill, G. S., Duke of Marlborough
Eagles, two. Maitland, J., Earl of Lauderdale
A Greyhound. Walker, Sir E.
Griffins, two. Watson, L., Earl of Rockingham
A Griffin and a Wyvern. Spencer, G. J., Earl Spencer
A Horse and a Griffin. Egerton, F. H., Earl of Bridgwater
Lions rampant, two. Bateman, W., Baron Bateman
" " Capell, W., Earl of Essex
" " Cecil, W., Baron Burghley
" " Frederick, Elector Palatine
" " Howard, C., Baron Howard
" " Long, C., Baron Farnborough
" " Somers, J., Baron Somers
Lions sejant, two. Henry VII.
" " Lindsay, D., Baron Lindsay
A Lion and an Eagle. Mary of Modena, Queen
" and a Hart. Campbell, J. F., Earl Cawdor
[Pg 485]
A Lion and a Unicorn. All the sovereigns of England from James I. to Edward VII.
" " Frederick, Prince of Wales
Men, two. Ker, J., Duke of Roxburghe
Mermen, two. Lyttelton, W. H., Baron Lyttelton
Pegasi, two. Douglas, W., Duke of Queensberry
" " Petty, W. F., Marquis of Lansdowne
Stags, two. Carteret, G., Baron Carteret
" " Carteret, J., Baron Carteret
Talbots, two. Brownlow, J., Viscount Tyrconnel
" " Waldegrave, J., Earl Waldegrave
A Unicorn and a Fox. Windsor, T., Baron Windsor
Unicorns, two. Mary, Queen of Scotland

Surrey, Earl of. Howard, 235

Sussex, Earl of. Radcliffe, 319

Sutherland, Countess of. Gower, 194

" Duke of. Gower, 193

" Earl of. " 194

" Marquis of. " 194

Sutton, R., 360

Swinford, Catherine, 213

Sydney, Baron, 363

" Sir H., 363

Sykes, Sir C., 365

Talbot, Elizabeth, 276

" Sir G., 276

Tangier, 95, 311

Taverner, John, 293

Thackeray, W. M., 360

Thenford, 405

Thistle, Order of the, Badge and Collar, 183, 285

" " Motto, 81

Thomae Wottoni et Amicorum, 408

Throwley, Baron. Sondes, 387

Thynne, Elizabeth, 84

Totness, Earl of. Carew, 86

Towneley, Charles, 61, 371

" Christopher, 371
[Pg 486]
Towneley, Richard, 371

Trevor, Baron, 373

Trinity College, Dublin, 377

Tudor, E., Earl of Richmond, 213

" Margaret, 246, 287

" Rose, 213, 375

Tufton, Mary, 123

Tyrconnel, Viscount. Brownlow, 74

The Ulster Hand. Boothby, Sir B.

" " Burrell, Sir W.

" " Carteret, G., Baron Carteret

" " Ley, J., Earl of Marlborough

" " Sloane, Sir H.

" " Sykes, Sir M. M.

The Unicorn of Scotland, 247

The Union of England and Ireland, 188

The Union of England and Scotland, 53

University Library, Cambridge, 356

Usher, Arnold, 377

Utterson, John, 378

Velvet Bindings, 161

Venice, Consul at. Smith, 188

Verulam, Baron. Bacon, 56

Victoria, Queen, 44, 97

Vincent, W., 381

The Virginia Company, 334

Vives, Ludovicus, 93

Waddington, G., 121

Wales, Princes of, 176, 187, 191, 223, 256

Walpole, R., Earl of Oxford, 386

Warwick, Arthgallus, Earl of, 151

" Richard, Earl of. Neville, 303

Watson, Edith, 389

Wendeborn, F., 191

West, J., 188

" Mr., 260

Westcote, Baron. Lyttelton, 275

Westminster, Dean of. Williams, 401

" Abbey Library, 213

Westminster School Dormitory, 128

Westmoreland, Earl of. Fane, 72

Wheatley, H. B., 311

White Knights, 119

Whitechurch, Sir M., 373
[Pg 487]
Whitgift, H., 390

Wilhelmina Caroline, Queen, 179

Williams, Edmond, 401

Williamson, Sir J., 64

Wiltshire, Earl of. Bullen, 160

Windsor, Baron, 402

" Dean of. Carew, 86

" Herald. Vincent, 379

" Library at, 222

Woburn, 326

Wodhull, J., 404

Worsley, Frances, 91

" Sir R., 91

" Sir W., 90, 127

Wotton, T., 407
[Pg 488]
Wright, A., 408

Wriothesley, Rachel, 327

" T., Earl of Southampton, 327

Wyndham, Sir J., 410

York, Archbishop of. Gilbert, 192

" " " Matthew, 294

" " " Sandys, 333

" " " Williams, 401

" Cardinal. Henry Benedict, 221-222

" Duke of. (Aft. James II.), 254-337

Young, Patrick, 227

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1. Digby.	3. Mulsho.	Sir Kenelm Digby.
2. Davenport.	4. Neville.

1. Stanley.	3. Lucy.	Venetia Stanley.
2. The Duke of Brabant.	4. Percy.

1st grand quarter; England and Scotland impaled.	As used by Queen Anne.
2nd grand quarter; France.
3rd grand quarter; Ireland.
4th grand quarter; the arms of the Royal Dominions in Germany. Impaled.

1 and 4. France	All as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
2 and 3. England

1st and 4th, Digby.	Sir Kenelm Digby.
2nd and 3rd, Mulsho.

1st and 4th, Stanley.	Venetia Stanley.
2nd and 3rd, The Duke of Brabant.