ROSE’S NATIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SERIES. II.

 

 

A CYCLOPÆDIA

 

OF

 

CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY:

 

BEING

 

CHIEFLY MEN OF THE TIME.

 

 

A COLLECTION OF PERSONS DISTINGUISHED IN PROFESSIONAL AND

POLITICAL LIFE; LEADERS IN THE COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY

OF CANADA, AND SUCCESSFUL PIONEERS.

 

 

EDITED BY

GEO. MACLEAN ROSE.

 

 

 

 

Toronto:

ROSE PUBLISHING COMPANY.

1888.

 

 

It has been too long a custom to regard as proper subjects for biographical literature only persons who have figured in political life. In preparing the present work, any man or woman who has, in any conspicuous way, contributed to the moral, intellectual, industrial or political growth of the country, has been deemed a suitable person for these pages. To the heroism and uncomplaining industry of the men who hewed out homes in the wilderness, and little by little overcame the obstacles of nature, are we indebted now for our thriving cities, and for our wide stretches of cultivated lands; and to omit a record of their labors, and select only for permanent record the deeds of those who came upon the scenes when the rugged work was done, would be singularly unjust. We have had, and still have amongst us, men of great genius in engineering skill, and in mechanical contrivance; and it was fitting that a brief record of their lives, and what they accomplished for the community, should be handed down in the history of our common country. The same may be said of men prominent in every branch of commerce, of our notable divines, our eminent judges, our great lawyers, our talented medical men, and those who have contributed to the educational growth of the country. These it was considered were worthy of place side by side with the men who chose political careers, and have won more or less distinction therein. There is to be said in justification of all these records, that even the history of the man in an obscure village is a portion of the history of the country, and the aggregate record of “Representative Canadians” may be regarded in a young country like Canada, as a full historical account, in every sense, for the period covered by the biographical matter in the volume. Men are forever drifting down the slow stream, and most of their deeds like themselves, pass into oblivion; it is well while the opportunity is at hand to save as much of the record as possible for posterity. The labor, the time, and the pains spent in securing data for the sketches herein contained have been greater than would be believed; and the more so since accuracy of statement of fact, and the chronological order of incidents, have been so rigidly aimed at. Dates and facts have all been verified either by reference to the best published authorities, or to the persons themselves. For the most part, the call for the coöperation of the public in furnishing data for the records has been cordially responded to. As for the literary portion of the work, no pains have been spared to make that equal to the other features. To make the volume complete in the historically “representative” sense, memoirs of the most illustrious of the dead of this country will be found in its pages. The enterprise has been tedious, laborious and expensive; but if it will supply a record that the country should not let die; if it preserves the names of worthy men and women whose deeds deserve to be remembered, it surely will have well repaid the time, the anxiety, and the pains that have been expended upon it. A work of this kind could not be else than tedious; and, therefore, since its commencement, several changes have taken place: some of the persons in its pages have died; others have passed from one office to another, and dropped from public places; but with these latter exceptions and some other minor ones, each memoir, it is believed, will be found to be an accurate record up to the present date.

GEO. MACLEAN ROSE.

Toronto, March, 1888.

Transcriber’s Notes can be found at the end of this eBook.

Cartier, Jacques.—The ancient town of St. Malo, in France, had been for centuries a nursery of hardy seamen, and among the most eminent on its list stands the name of Jacques Cartier.—This celebrated navigator was the first European who explored the shores of Canada to any extent. On the 20th April, 1534, he sailed with two ships of three score tons apiece burthen, and sixty-one well appointed men in each. He steered for Newfoundland, which he reached in twenty days, passed through the straits of Belle Isle, and advanced up the St. Lawrence, till he saw the shores of Anticosti. The approach of winter caused him to return to France. In the spring of 1535, he received a fresh commission, and three vessels, named La Grande Hermine, La Petite Hermine and L’Hémerillon, the largest about 120 tons, were placed at his disposal. On the 16th May, the officers and sailors assembled in the Cathedral at St. Malo, where, after confession and hearing mass, they received a parting blessing from the bishop, and, three days later, they set sail. After experiencing very stormy weather, during which the vessels were separated, they reached the coast of Newfoundland on the 26th July. On the 10th August, it being the festival of St. Lawrence. Cartier gave that name to the bay which he entered, and it was afterwards extended to the river and gulf. On the 16th, he reached Stadacona (now Quebec). Hearing from the Indians that a town of some importance stood by the bank of the river, many days’ journey above, and named “Hochelaga,” Cartier determined to go thither, and on the 19th September, he hoisted sail, and with his pinnace and two small boats, departed on his journey up the river. On the 28th he reached lake St. Peter. At the head of this lake he was compelled to cast anchor on account of the shoals; and finding it impossible to proceed further with his vessel (L’Hémerillon), he took to his boats, and on the 2nd October, 1535, he landed about six miles from the town, below the current St. Mary. After he had gone about four miles, he was met by one of the chiefs, accompanied by many of the natives, who gave him a cordial welcome. Having seen all that he deemed worthy of notice in the village, Cartier was conducted to the top of the mountain, the view from which filled him with feelings of joy and gratification. In honour of his king he named it “Mont Royal,” which name has been extended to the city. On his return to the boats he was accompanied by a large number of natives, who appeared to be anxious to have him stay longer. He, however, embarked the same evening, and on the 4th October, he reached his vessel, in which he passed down the St. Lawrence, and rejoined his company at Stadacona. As the season was far advanced Cartier made the bold resolve to winter in the country. His party suffered much during the winter from want of proper food and clothing, and in addition to this, they were all attacked by the scurvy, twenty-six of whom died. The remainder soon recovered their health by the use of a decoction of the spruce fir, which had been recommended to them by an Indian. When spring returned Cartier sailed for France, taking with him several of the natives, and among them, Donacona, a chief. None of them ever returned, all dying before the French again visited Canada. On his return to France, Cartier found his native land distracted with religious dissensions, and it was not until 1541, that he sailed with five vessels, and full power to make discoveries and settlements in Canada. Jean François de la Rocque, superior of Roberval, was appointed by the king viceroy and lieutenant of Canada, and was to have accompanied Cartier, but through insuperable obstacles he was unable to leave until the next year, when he left with three vessels, having on board two hundred persons, male and female. Cartier passed the winter at Cape Rouge, where he erected a fort, but fearing the natives he resolved to return to France. On his way he fell in with Roberval, at St. John’s, Newfoundland, but he refused to return with him to Canada, and proceeded on his way to France, where he died shortly after his return. Cartier manifested in all his expeditions adventurous courage. No contemporary navigator had as yet dared to advance so far into the lands of the new world as he. In his braving the rigours of a Canadian winter, and shutting himself up for six months, without means of escape, he gave a signal example of the intrepidity of the mariners of his time and country. Of right therefore in every sense, he heads the long file of visitors of inner North America.

Young, Hon. Charles, LL.D., Q.C., Judge of Surrogate and Probate, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 30th of April, 1812, at Glasgow, Scotland, and is the younger brother of Sir William Young, Chief Justice of Nova Scotia. The father of these illustrious men was John Young, of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland, and subsequently of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Judge Young received his early education in Dalhousie College, Halifax, and studied law in the office of his brother, Sir William Young, in that city. He was called to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1838, and to the bar of Prince Edward Island the same year. He practised his profession for a short time with his brothers, Sir William and the Hon. George Young, now deceased; and on November 23rd, 1847, was created a Queen’s Counsel, being the first barrister in Prince Edward Island on which this honour was conferred. Judge Young entered public life a young man in 1840, where he was returned for Queen’s County to the Island Assembly, and in December following, he was appointed to the Legislative Council. In this latter body he accepted a seat until 1863, ten years of which period he acted as president. He filled the office of Attorney-General from 28th May, 1851 to the 2nd of May, 1852; and from 26th June, 1858 to 11th April, 1859; and held the commission under the Royal Sign Manual as administrator of the Government of the Island for four years. Judge Young has the honour of being the first public man who advocated the question of responsible government for the Island, and he and his co-workers had the pleasure of seeing this boon granted in 1851, together with other important reforms, such as free schools, free lands for tenantry, savings banks, etc. He received his appointment as judge of probate in 1852, and judge in bankruptcy in 1868. On retiring from the latter position in March, 1875, he was presented with the following address, which was signed by every member of the bar in Prince Edward Island, viz: —

To which His Honour Judge Young replied:—

While Judge Young was practising at the bar, he had a large and lucrative business, and was generally engaged on one side or the other in most of the leading cases then before the courts. He was invariably retained on behalf of those he was pleased to style the “Bleeding tenantry of Prince Edward Island” against the landlords, and generally succeeded in gaining a verdict in favour of his clients. He was always the friend and advocate of the oppressed. It is pleasing to note here that Judge Young has held no position which he has not adorned. In office and out of office he has rendered great service to the community. In 1838, a Mechanics’ Institute was established in Charlottetown, mainly through his efforts, and he had the honour of delivering the introductory lecture, which was afterwards published in the Gazette. He has since 1845 taken a very deep interest in the cause of temperance, and was Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Sons of Temperance of Prince Edward Island several terms, and is a member of the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of North America. He is also an active member of the Methodist church, a local preacher, and a Bible-class teacher, and fills several other important offices in that church. He was instrumental in founding the second Methodist church in Charlottetown, and is president of Prince Edward Island Auxiliary Bible Society. The Judge is a thorough working Christian. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Newton (United States) University; and in 1858 he was offered the honour of knighthood by Her Majesty, but respectfully declined the royal gift. In Masonry he takes an interest, and belongs to the Royal Arch Chapter. In 1838 Judge Young married Lucretia, daughter of John Starr, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and he and his wife, there being no children, enjoy life in their beautiful home, “Fairholm,” Charlottetown.

Ussher, The Right Rev. Brandram Boileau, M.D., Montreal, Bishop of the Reformed Episcopal church in the Dominion of Canada and the Island of Newfoundland, was born in the city of Dublin, Ireland, on the 6th day of August, 1845. He is the youngest son of Captain Richard Beverly Ussher, late of H. M. 86th Regt., and Henrietta Ussher (née Boileau). On both sides of the house his ancestors were most distinguished. Captain R. B. Ussher was descended from Richard Neville, the great Earl of Warwick, one of whose descendants (for political reasons took the name of the office which he bore, viz., Usher of the Black Rod, thus retaining his influential and lucrative position when the name of Neville had become unpopular and the “Kingmaker’s” influence had waned,) subsequently settled in Ireland. To distinguish the family name from the office, the second letter, s, was added some eighty years ago. The subject of this sketch is descended from a long line of churchmen. His great-grandfather was rector of the parish of Clontarf, near Dublin, which was held in the family from father to son for over one hundred and fifty years. The Rev. John Ussher, afterwards Astronomer Royal for Ireland, was the last of the family to hold the incumbency. His sons were Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas Ussher, K.C.A., who figured in the history of the great Napoleon, taking him to Elba in H.M.S. Undaunted. He died Naval Commander-in-Chief, at Cork, Ireland, and lies buried in one of the vaults of Monkstown church, County Dublin—his record was that of a gallant sailor. John Ussher, of Woodpark, who left four sons, the youngest of whom, Richard Beverly, was the father of Bishop Ussher, of Montreal. He is directly descended from Archbishop Henry Ussher, one of the founders of Trinity College, Dublin, whose brother Arland was the father of James Ussher (Trinity’s first student, buried in Henry VII. Chapel in Westminster Abbey), the celebrated Primate of Ireland, author of “Ussher’s Chronology,” etc., with whom the Duke of Wellington was also connected, owing to the fact that Mary Ussher married Henry Colley, of Castle Carberry, who was the mother of the first Lord Mornington, who was the grandfather of the Duke of Wellington. The Venerable Archdeacon Adam Ussher, rector of Clontarf, was the brother of the above named Mary Ussher and son of Sir William Ussher, clerk of the Council. The Rectory of Clontarf descended to his son Frederick, and from him to his son Henry Ussher, D.D., who held the Andrew’s Professorship of Astronomy in Trinity College, Dublin, and from him is directly descended Captain R. B. Ussher, the father of the Right Rev. Bishop Ussher. Three hundred years ago two brothers of the name of Ussher were driven from Ireland during one of the troubles, and settled in the neighbourhood of Melrose, in Scotland, where they acquired considerable lands, and amongst them the property of Huntley-burn, one of the most celebrated spots on the Borders. The grandfather of the present Thomas Ussher, of Edinburgh, for seventeen years secretary of the Borders’ County Association for the Advancement of Education (and out of which arose the celebration of the centenary of Sir Walter Scott), sold to Sir Walter Scott the chief part of the estate of Abbotsford (vide “Lockhart’s Life of Scott”). By unbroken tradition this branch claims kinship with Archbishop Ussher; and the Rev. W. Neville Ussher, cousin of the above named Thomas Ussher, is a canon of the Cathedral in Edinburgh. The Ussher family have had the honour of having four distinguished church dignitaries; two Archbishops of Armagh; one Bishop of Kildare (Robert Ussher); and Bishop B. B. Ussher, of Montreal, who has at present five surviving brothers and two sisters as follow:—Major-General John Theophilus Ussher, Beverly Ussher, Henry Ussher, M.B., Rev. P. R. C. Ussher, a prominent minister in Australia; and James Ussher, solicitor; Henrietta Buchanan and Arabella Madelina Buchanan. On his mother’s side Bishop Ussher has an equally distinguished ancestry, the Boileau family being one of the few that can trace their genealogy back without a break for a period of over six hundred years. The present Baron Boileau de Castleneau is the seventeenth in descent from Etienne Boileau, who, born early in the thirteenth century, was appointed by Louis IX., in the year 1255, Grand Provost of Paris, at that period the highest officer of state. In 1371, Jean Boileau was ennobled by Charles V. At the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, A.D. 1685, Jacques Boileau, the 10th baron, was arrested as a Protestant, tortured, and, after an imprisonment of ten and one-half years, died in the prison of St. Jean de Vedas, one mile from Montpellier, a noble martyr for the Protestant faith, having been beheaded by order of the Duke de Nemours. His son, Charles Boileau, then a youth, having taken refuge in England and having entered the British Army, firm to his Protestant faith, formally renounced his rights and titles to the honours and estates of the family which thereby devolved on his younger brother Maurice, who became the eleventh Baron Boileau. From that time the barony fell into the hands of the junior and Roman Catholic branch of the family of which the present Baron Boileau de Castleneau is now the representative. He holds, too, the ancient château de Castleneau, six miles from Nimes, which has been for three and a half centuries in the family to which it gives the present title of the barony. Five of the Barons de Castleneau held in succession the office of Royal Treasurer. Charles Boileau died in 1733, leaving three children who had issue, whose grandchildren and more remote issue are now living to the number of six hundred and fifty. The Right Rev. Bishop Ussher, when a child, was sent from under the jurisdiction of a governess at a very early age. At Delgany College, in the county Wicklow, the Rev. Dr. Daniel Flyns, of Harcourt street, Dublin, and the Rugby of Ireland, the Rev. Dr. Stackpools, of Kingstown, he received his education as a youth. As a lad he was older than his years and sought the company of those much his seniors, showing a decided penchant for those given to study. Thrown chiefly amongst medical students he followed the course of study so closely with one companion, that he was almost as well fitted as he to pass the examinations. At a little over sixteen years he secured the diploma of the Royal Dublin Society, taking sixth place out of seventy-three candidates. Owing to heavy financial losses, through the dishonesty of associates, the father of young Ussher was unable to permit him to continue his studies and the determination was formed to visit the United States. The resolve was put into execution, and, in the city of New York, mercantile life was entered upon; successful, though not in harmony with it, it was abandoned after a year, and a visit undertaken to Washington, where several of the United States’ army hospitals were visited; the old medical love rekindled and much practical knowledge gained in the treatment of surgical diseases and gun-shot wounds. The resolve was then formed to adopt medicine as a profession, and after pursuing his medical studies in the University of Michigan, he finally received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in Illinois, became a member of the State Medical Association, and was ultimately elected a member of the National Eclectic Medical Association. As a practitioner he was most successful, and as a citizen highly esteemed in the city of Aurora, Illinois, where he practised for over ten years. He was vigorously identified with the welfare of the community, and at one time it seemed that he would enter into political life, being offered the nomination by the Democratic party as a candidate for the legislature. Politics, however, were too impure to have any permanent attraction for him, and he devoted himself to his professional duties and the interests of the Anglican Church, of which he was a member. Set thinking by a sermon preached by the well-known evangelist, Mr. Moody, the instructions of pious parents were revived, and earnest Christian work entered upon with marked evidence of the divine favour. Under the license of the Right Rev. Dr. Whitehouse, then bishop of Illinois, he kept alive several mission fields and taught a large Bible-class with great acceptability. It was then pressed upon him that he should enter the ministry of the Anglican Church in the Diocese of Illinois. Steadily the conviction of the need of entire consecration to God’s service deepened; it was fought back, but the urging of Bishop Whitehouse was strong, and as there was then little evidence of the sacerdotalism that subsequently manifested itself, the course of study was entered upon under the bishop’s direction. In time it became apparent that the bishop of Illinois held strong High Church views. He was a guest in Dr. Ussher’s house on the evening of the day of the publication of Bishop Tozer’s letter condemning Bishop Cummins of Kentucky, for partaking of and administering the communion of the Lord’s Supper with Dr. John Hall, Drs. Arnot and Dorner, of the Presbyterian church, and reading it with a sense of indignation, he (Dr. Ussher) asked Bishop Whitehouse what he thought of such a letter, to which Bishop Whitehouse replied in cold, severe tones, “I think Bishop Tozer is perfectly right, and Bishop Cummins deserves the severest condemnation.” Those words decided the mind of Dr. Ussher, and realizing that as an Evangelical Protestant Churchman, he would be out of sympathy with Bishop Whitehouse, he determined to abandon the idea of entering the Anglican ministry. He felt, however, that his heart was so bound up in the Episcopal Church, and his love for her liturgy was so great, that he could not be at home in any other branch of Christ’s Church. At this juncture the Right Rev. Bishop Cummins, D.D., took steps to organize the Reformed Episcopal Church, which being made public, proved the open door. Under the guidance of that distinguished Protestant prelate, he pursued his studies and was ordained deacon in the city of Chicago, by the Right Rev. Bishop Cheney, in Christ Church, June 9th, 1874, and presbyter, July 16th, 1876, in Emmanuel Church, Ottawa, Ontario, by Bishops Cheney, Nicholson, Cridge and Fallows. His pastorates in Canada have been, one of three years in Toronto, during which was built the church on the corner of Simcoe and Caer Howell streets, and his present charge in St. Bartholomew’s, Montreal, over which he has been pastor since 1878. For good and sufficient reasons he and his congregation withdrew from the jurisdiction of the Reformed Episcopal Church in the United States and united with the English branch of the Reformed Episcopal Church under the Right Rev. T. H. Gregg, M.D., D.D., otherwise called the Reformed Church of England. By the General Synod in England, in the following year, the Rev. Dr. Ussher was elected to the episcopate, but declined. Two years after he was elected again, the Canadian Synod electing him as their bishop, and in 1882, on the 19th day of June, he was consecrated in Trinity Church, Southend, by the Right Rev. Bishop Gregg, and seven presbyters, as “a bishop in the Church of God.” Returning to Canada he took charge of the Diocese of Canada and Newfoundland. The bishop believing in benevolent societies as handmaids to the church, has been a member of the Order of Oddfellows since 1865, and has held the office of Grand Master of the Province of Quebec; he has also been, and is at present, a member of the Order of Knights of Pythias, in which he holds the rank of Past Grand Chancellor, and has had the honour of being Supreme Representative for the State of Illinois, and the authorship of one of the degrees in use by the order. Bishop Ussher is a graceful and forcible writer and an eloquent speaker, and poet of acknowledged merit. In his religious views he is an old-time Evangelical believer, pronounced in his Protestant views, in fact, a keeper in the old paths, for which reason he is ecclesiastically where he is to-day. On the 16th day of July, 1867, he was married by the Rev. Dr. Kelly, in the city of Chicago, to Elizabeth Leonora Thompson, third daughter of the Rev. Skeffington Thompson, of Broomfield, near Lucan, in the county of Dublin, Ireland, and Elizabeth Margaret D’Arcy. The father of Mrs. Ussher, the Rev. Skeffington Thompson, is the thirteenth child of the late Skeffington Thompson, of Rathnally, county of Meath, by Anna Maria Carter, only child and heiress of Thomas Carter, of Rathnally, county Meath. Skeffington Thompson the elder was an unsuccessful candidate in the last Irish Parliament against the Duke of Wellington for the borough of Trim, both candidates being neighbours in the same county, Dangan Castle, the Wellesley seat, being near Trim. The family of Thompson, according to Burke, descended from the Thompsons of Barton, Cumberland, a branch of which settled about the 16th century in the county of Hertford, England. The Irish branch are descended from those who crossed over to Ulster when that province was first taken in hand by King James, and engaging in the prosperous linen trade made large fortunes. Mrs. Ussher’s family history on the male side is interesting, as leading back to the famous Thomas Carter, who took so active a part in the Irish revolution, ending with the battle of the Boyne, 1690. This Thomas Carter was sergeant-at-arms, a partisan of King William III. at the siege of Derry, and battle of the Boyne. He was, as Burke, Ulster King of Arms, says “a gentleman whose services to his country at the revolution were very considerable, for he not only served King William at the battle of the Boyne (July 1st, 1690), but secured divers useful books and writings belonging to King James and his secretaries.” These documents he secreted in the vaults of Christ’s Church Cathedral, Dublin, until after the disturbances. He married for his second wife, the Countess of Roscommon, widow of Wentworth Dillon, the poet, who was publicly buried in Westminster Abbey. By her he had no family, but his only son Thomas became Master of the Irish Rolls, for twenty-four years, Privy Councillor, and Secretary of State. This Right Hon. Thomas Carter had two sons and three daughters, from the eldest of whom Mrs. Ussher is descended. The eldest sister of this Thomas Carter married Doctor Philip Twysden, bishop of Raphoe, and son of Sir William Twysden, baronet, of Roydon Hall, Kent. The issue of this marriage, Frances, married George Bussey, fourth Earl of Jersey and first cousin to Anna Maria Carter, Mrs. Ussher’s grandmother. This latter alliance resulted in the birth of two sons and six daughters, her eldest son being George, fifth Earl of Jersey, and the daughters became Ladies William Russell, Ann Lambton, Sarah Bailey, Lady Ponsonby, Lady Henrietta, who married the bishop of Oxford, and Lady Anglesey, wife of the Marquis of Anglesey, a hero of Waterloo, and for her second husband the Duke of Argyll, which Duchess of Argyll was cousin german to Mrs. Skeffington Thompson, Mrs. Ussher’s paternal grandmother. The Right Hon. Thomas Carter’s second daughter, Susan, married Thomas Carter, of Duleek Park and Castle, county Louth, and her grand-daughter, Elizabeth, became Marchioness of Thomond by entering the family of William O’Bryen, descendant from Brien Boroimhe, King of Ireland, and whose line was continued by the King of Munster and of Thomond to the reign of Henry VIII., King of England (see Sharpe’s Peerage). Mrs. Ussher’s family history on the female side is even more interesting. Her mother was Elizabeth Margaret, eldest daughter of the Rev. Joshua D’Arcy, Rector of Lacka, county Kildare. This D’Arcy family came to Ireland early in the 14th century and settled at Platten in the county Meath. In a book “Maynooth Castle,” written by the present Duke of Leinster when Marquis of Kildare, on page 5, we read, “Sir John D’Arcy, Lord Justice of Ireland, married the Countess Johanna de Burgh, daughter to the Red Earl of Ulster, and sister to Ellen, wife of Robert Bruce, King of Scotland. They had a son, William, born at Maynooth, in 1330, from whom the present family of D’Arcy are lineally descended, and are represented by George James Norman D’Arcy, of Hyde Park, county Westmeath (see Burke’s “Landed Gentry”, also Walford’s “County Families”), the worthy head of both English and Irish families and representative of twenty-eight peerages of Great Britain.” The Irish D’Arcys were governors of Ireland in the reign of the three Edwards, with extraordinary privileges, the power to appoint a deputy, which as Fynes Thompson remarks, neither before nor after was granted to any but some few of the royal blood (and which he exercised on two several occasions). A descendant, Sir William D’Arcy of Platten (or Platyn) was the person who carried Lambert Simnel on his shoulders through Dublin after he had been crowned in Christ Church Cathedral, for which he was obliged to do homage to his viceroy, in 1488. This Sir William D’Arcy’s descendant, Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, in 1523, was the author of a work entitled, “The Decay of Ireland and the causes of it,” the MS. of which is now in the library of Trinity College, Dublin. It is quite beyond the limit of this sketch to give a full history of a family dating back to their ancient seat in Arcques, in Normandy, whence they came to England with the Conqueror, into whose family they had married previously—then settled in Lincolnshire and are given in extenso in Burke’s “Extinct Peerages.” The Yorkshire histories contain a full pedigree of about twenty-five generations, and the English and Irish pedigree illuminated by Camden, the historian, and author of the “Brittania,” dating from 1066 to 1617, is in the possession of the present head of the D’Arcy house, Mrs. Ussher’s cousin. This history says, that Nicholas D’Arcy, of Platyn, espoused the cause of King James II., and was a captain in his army. He was consequently attained in 1690, and his estates were forfeited and sold in 1691; his only son Christopher, dying unmarried, George D’Arcy, the surviving lineal heir, male, succeeded to the family headship. This George D’Arcy entertained James the Second in his Castle of Dunmow the night after the battle of the Boyne, and King William was his guest previous to the battle. King James in his hurried departure next morning forgot his pistol which yet remains in the D’Arcy family. It is related of him that on the occasion he repeated the following couplet:

He was declared an innocent Papist in 1693, and died in full possession of his estates in Meath and Westmeath, in 1718. His descendant John D’Arcy, born 1700, married, 1727, and was the first of the family to conform to the Protestant faith, which took place before his marriage with Miss Judge, of Grangebey, county Westmeath. He died in 1785, leaving four sons, Judge, Francis, Arthur, and James. Francis D’Arcy, on the death of his brother, Judge D’Arcy, became heir male of Sir William D’Arcy, of Platyn, second son of Lord D’Arcy, viceroy of Ireland. On the death of Robert D’Arcy, fourth Earl of Holderness, in Yorkshire, 1778, heir male of John D’Arcy and Norman D’Arcy. Francis D’Arcy died in 1813, without issue, and his youngest brother James D’Arcy, who alone had sons and daughters, thus continued the line—his eldest son, John, claimed the older D’Arcy baronies, held by the last Earl of Holderness, and this claim after trial was established. But it appears that as Robert D’Arcy, fourth Earl of Holderness, left an only child, Lady Amelia, who married the Marquis of Carmarthan, afterwards fifth Duke of Leeds, thus carrying off the Yorkshire estates into the Osborn family, the title has not been resumed by the present family. James D’Arcy, born in 1740, had three sons, John, born 1767, Joshua, the grandfather of Mrs. Ussher, and Thomas, who was a major in the army, and at his death, Inspector General of Police, in Ulster. It is interesting to know that the marriage of Lady Amelia D’Arcy, Baroness Conyers in her own right, was dissolved by Act of Parliament in May, 1779, after the birth of three children, and both parties remarried the following year, the Lady Amelia marrying John Byron, father of the poet, Lord Byron (she died January 20th, 1784, Dodd’s Peerage, Genealogical Volume and Plates of Arms, page 5). The foregoing is a very condensed account, necessarily, of Mrs. Ussher’s family history. A more extended history involving, as it would, the introduction of many other distinguished families in every department of the state, and covering many professions, literary, scientific, military and naval, we must ask our readers to spare us. Reference to the usual standard histories, genealogies and heralds of Great Britain, would confirm the above. It must be remembered that all the history of the English D’Arcys, dating from 1066, their possession of thirty-three baronies in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, their active part with the other barons in extracting Magna Charta from King John, their subsequent prominent part in the state during every reign down to that of George III., the Pilgrimage of Grace, these and many other matters have been omitted, but what has been said will suffice to show whence we have come, and we trust that the present and future will verify the wise man’s saying (Prov. xvii, 6.) in the history of Mrs. Ussher, that if “Children’s children are the crown of old men, the glory of children are their father’s.” The following are the surviving children of Bishop and Mrs. Ussher:—Sydney Lahmire Neville Ussher, Clarence Douglas Ussher, Charles Edward Cheney Ussher, George Richard Beardmore Ussher, Elizabeth Henrietta Ussher, Warwick Wellesley Ussher.

Bayard, William, M.D., Edin., St. John, New Brunswick, was born in Kentville, Nova Scotia, on the 21st day of August, 1814. The ancestors of our subject were Huguenots, and directly connected with the family, represented by the famous knight, “sans peur et sans reproche,” whose coat of arms is carried by them to this day. Having been driven from France, they landed in New Amsterdam, now New York, in the month of May, 1647. There were three brothers, Petrus, Balthazer and Nicholas; one remained in New York, and became one of the most prominent men in that city; one went to Baltimore and his branch gave senators to that city for the last hundred years, among them the present United States Secretary; and the other one went to England, giving numerous soldiers of distinction to that country, among them Colonel Samuel Vetch Bayard and Colonel John Bayard, brothers. Colonel Samuel Vetch Bayard had three sons; one a captain in the army, was killed at the battle of Waterloo; one a captain in the English navy, was murdered at Fordham, near New York city; and the third son, Robert, the father of our subject, was a lieutenant in the British army at the age of thirteen years, and was allowed to proceed with his studies at Windsor, Nova Scotia, while his father’s regiment was stationed at Halifax, N.S. He left the army and graduated in medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1809, was a D. C. L. of Windsor College, N.S., and for three years professor of Obstetrics in the University of New York. When the war of 1812 was declared against Great Britain, he was required to take the oath of allegiance or leave the country. He chose the latter course, found his way to Portland, Maine, left that city in an open boat, and arrived in the city of St. John, N.B., in the month of May, 1813. From that city he went to Halifax, N.S., and there married Frances Catherine Robertson, daughter of Commissary Robertson, who was killed in the Colonial war which commenced in 1775. Her grandfather was Colonel John Billop, who owned a large part of Staten Island, near New York, and being a Loyalist, his property was confiscated. He died in the city of St. John. Dr. Robert Bayard practised his profession in Kentville, N.S., for several years, and in 1824 removed to St. John, N.B., where he died in June, 1868 at the advanced age of eighty-one years. He stood at the head of his profession, and was a fluent speaker and an able writer. His son, Dr. W. Bayard, when twelve years of age, was sent to a popular educational institution, conducted by the Rev. William Powell, at Fordham, near New York city, where he remained five years. He then entered as a private student with Dr. Valentine Mott, the eminent surgeon of New York, at the same time attending the medical lectures at the College. While in Dr. Mott’s office he took high honours for proficiency in anatomy. The next year he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh, from which institution he received the degree of doctor in medicine in 1837. He then walked the hospitals in Paris, and visited many in Germany, and on returning to St. John, practised in company with his father. He has since that time frequently visited the hospitals in England, France and Germany. “His reputation for skill has,” says a writer who has noted this gentleman’s career “almost from the start, stood high, and of his profession he has made a brilliant success. He has been greatly honoured, alike by the medical fraternity and his fellow citizens generally, and it is safe to say, that no man in his profession, in the Province, is held in higher esteem. There is not a city or large town in the Province of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island, to which he has not been called upon professional business.” It may be said that the general public hospital in the city of St. John owes its existence to the energy and perseverance of Dr. Bayard. Prior to 1858 he brought the subject prominently before the authorities, but no action was taken. He then endeavoured to obtain money to build one by subscription, but finding that many of the most wealthy men in the city refused to subscribe, he abandoned the idea, and employed and paid a lawyer to draft an Act to assess the community for the purpose. This bill he placed before the Legislature of the Province, and with the assistance of Sir Leonard Tilley, Judge the Hon. John H. Gray and other members of the House, got the bill passed granting power to raise the funds required for the building, and the support of it. He has been President of the Board of Commissioners since its establishment in 1860. He is chairman of the Board of Health for the city and county of St. John, having been appointed by the Government in 1855 to carry out the Sanitary Act passed in that year. He was elected President of the New Brunswick Medical Society for four years in succession, resigning the situation in 1881. He was elected President of the Council of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick in 1881, and resigned the situation in 1885, not feeling justified in assuming the responsibility of carrying out the Act, the Legislature having declined to pass amendments to it required. He was appointed Coroner for the city and county of St. John in 1839, resigning the situation in 1867. During his tenure of office, there was but one coroner, now there are six with very small increase of population. The above situations were unsolicited. Dr. Bayard was at one time the New Brunswick editor of the Montreal Medical and Surgical Journal, in which many interesting articles from his pen may be found. The arduous duties of his profession compelled him to give up the work. “He is regarded as a high authority on any branch of medical science which he sees fit to discuss.” His address to the Medical Society upon the “use and abuse of alcoholic drinks,” and his lecture at the Mechanics’ Institute in St. John upon the “Progress of Medicine, Surgery and Hygiene during the last one hundred years,” has received high commendation. His politics are liberal-conservative. He is a member of Trinity Episcopal church, and an exemplary man in all the walks of life. The wife of Dr. Bayard was Susan Maria Wilson, daughter of John Wilson, Esq., of Chamcook, near St. Andrew’s, in his day a large ship owner and merchant, and one of the most enterprising men in the county. It may be said that the St. Andrew’s and Woodstock railway owes its origin to his energy. It was from him that Dr. Bayard received the first telegram ever sent to St. John, as follows:—“To Dr. W. Bayard, April 30th, 1851. Being the first subscriber to the Electric Telegraph Company, I am honoured by the first communication to your city, announcing this great and wonderful work God has made known to man, by giving him control of his lightning. Signed, John Wilson.” Dr. Bayard was married in the year 1844, and his wife died in the year 1876, leaving no children. She was a woman of ability and fine social qualities, always happiest when she had a house full of friends, and was a splendid entertainer. She had wonderful energy as shown in attending to the details of domestic life, in looking after the poor and unfortunate, and in visiting the Home for Aged Women, the Protestant Orphan Asylum, etc., etc. She was truly an angel of mercy, and her death was nothing short of a calamity to the city. Dr. Bayard has not again married.

Stevens, Rev. Lorenzo Gorham, A.M., B.D., Portland, St. John, was born in Bedford, Mass., U.S.A., on 26th December, 1846, and is the eldest son of Lorenzo Dow Stevens and Mary Gorham Parsons Stevens. His grandparents on his father’s side were Abel Stevens, whose nephew, Abel Stevens, D.D., LL.D., is one of the leading divines of the Methodist Episcopal church in the United States; and Hadassa Mills, whose brother, Luther Mills, was a distinguished graduate of Harvard University, in the class of 1792. His father’s cousin, Edward Lewis Stevens, a graduate of Harvard, of the class of 1863, and afterwards first lieutenant in the 44th Mass. Volunteer Militia, was killed at Boykin’s Mills, near Camden, S.C., April 18th, 1865. His grandfather on his mother’s side was Wilhelm Edlund, ship owner and merchant, born in Stockholm, Sweden. The brother of this gentleman was private secretary to Gustavus III. His grandfather left no male issue, and the name, so far as can be learned, is now extinct in America. His grandmother, on his mother’s side, was Abigail Hodges, daughter of Abigail Davis, who was cousin of Chief Justice Parsons, of Massachusetts, and whose brother, Aaron Davis, served at the battle of Bunker Hill, under Gen. Warren, and received a musket ball in his thigh at the time. His mother’s grandfather, Joseph Davis, after the early death of his wife Abigail, married Christina Greene, niece of Gen. Greene, one of the Division Commanders under Gen. Washington. After leaving the Francis St. grammar school, Boston, Lorenzo Gorham Stevens entered the (Roxbury) Latin School, professor Buck, principal, where he remained five years, graduating July, 1865. He then entered Harvard University, and remained four years, graduating in the class of 1869. His favourite studies in the college were the languages, history and mental and moral philosophy. The year following his graduation he was principal of the English department of the German-American School, in Morrisania, New York. In September, 1870, he entered the Episcopal Theological Seminary, Cambridge, Mass., and remained one year. The years 1872 and 1873 he spent in foreign travel, at the same time prosecuting his theological studies. While in Berlin he attended at the University the lectures of the celebrated Dr. Dörner. Mr. Stevens travelled as far east as St. Petersburg, and as far north as Upsala, Sweden. After a most enjoyable tour in which sight-seeing and study were about equally combined, he returned to the Cambridge Seminary, and graduated June, 1874. His diaconate he spent in Massachusetts, preaching in several places. In September, 1875, he became rector of Trinity Church, St. Stephen, N.B., and in January of the following year, was admitted to the order of priesthood in the cathedral, Fredericton, by Bishop Medley, now Metropolitan. He served as rector of Trinity church three years. On November, 1878, he entered upon the rectorship of St. Luke’s church, Portland, St. John, a position he still holds. Rev. Mr. Stevens was chaplain of the Sussex Lodge, F. and A. M. (St. Stephen), and has acted as chaplain for other lodges at various times. On August, 30, 1881 he was married to Susan Lynds, only surviving child of Dr. John Waddell, superintendent for twenty-seven years of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John. (A sketch of his life will be found elsewhere in this book.) Of this marriage two children have been born, Henry Waddell, March 24, 1883, and Edlund Archibald, August 23, 1885.

Klotz, Otto, Preston, Ontario, is a native of Germany, having been born in the city of Kiel, on the shores of the Baltic sea, on the 25th of November, 1817. His father, Jacob Klotz, was the junior of the firm of Klotz & Son of that place. After the death of the senior member, the firm was continued for many years, first by Jacob Klotz, and subsequently by his younger brother, Christian Klotz, their business being chiefly the purchase of grain and shipping it to England. Otto Klotz received his primary education at a public school in his native place, but was subsequently educated in Luebeck; after having passed his final examination creditably, he was confirmed in conformity with the rites of the Lutheran Church at Kiel, and thereupon apprenticed to a wine merchant in Luebeck, where, in addition to his mother-tongue, he had ample opportunity of making use of French and English, which languages he had by this time fairly mastered. At the expiration of his apprenticeship, he returned home. In the spring of 1837, his uncle, Christian Klotz, under the old firm of Klotz & Son, sent on speculation a cargo of wheat to America (the crops having failed in 1836), and young Otto Klotz was permitted to make a trip to the new world in his uncle’s brig, laden with wheat. The requisite arrangements for that voyage were soon made, and since neither himself nor his relations and friends considered the departure as being of long duration, but rather a pleasure trip, the farewell at the wharf was neither gloomy nor sombre, although his father had advised him to inquire for a good situation, and if found to stay for a few years, and then return with a good store of general knowledge, as many young men of the town had done before him. On the 27th of March, 1837, the anchor was weighed, the sails set, and the Friedericke, heavily laden with wheat, sailed out of Kiel harbour with young Klotz on board. The voyage was completed in seventy-nine long days, and on the 14th of June, anchor was cast in the East River, at New York. On arrival it was found that the wheat was heated, and the market overstocked, hence the speculation was a failure. Otto Klotz found to his regret that owing to great depression in business and the numerous failures, he could not procure a situation in New York. He visited Newark, New Jersey, and there met a German farmer from Canada, who proposed to him the taking up of wild land and going into farming. The novelty of this proposal appeared to have some charm and was really entered upon. Writing to his father informing him of his resolution, he handed the letter to the captain of his uncle’s brig, bade him farewell, and left for Canada. Arrived in the township of McKillop, in the Huron Tract, he endeavoured to learn what was required in order to become a successful farmer, and soon ascertained that for a young man standing alone without relations or friends and without any knowledge of farming, it would be unwise to take up land and “roughing it in the bush;” however he stayed about two months, during which time he acquired considerable proficiency in the use of the axe, helping to chop and put up log houses in the neighbourhood. He left McKillop in October, 1837, and went to Preston, which place was then all alive with new settlers from Germany. He engaged for some time as clerk in a store, and thinking he saw a good opportunity, he started in business on his own account in February, 1838, using his father’s letter of credit in the purchase of his first stock of goods. In 1839, he married the daughter of a farmer of the township of Wilmot. This marriage proved to be a happy one, his good wife being an excellent helpmate, a good housewife, a dutiful mother and an exemplary spouse. Shortly after young Klotz had settled in Preston, he became acquainted with an old English gentleman, William Scollick, who was a surveyor, conveyancer and a commissioner of the Court of Request, and who took a particular fancy to him and his penmanship. He advised him to learn conveyancing, and promised to instruct him therein. This kind offer was readily accepted; the pupil employed his spare moments in studying to perfect himself, became an apt scholar, and after the death of old Mr. Scollick, became his successor as conveyancer, a business which proved no mean help for improving his pecuniary circumstances. Mr. Klotz was made a naturalized British subject in 1844, was appointed a notary public in 1846, a commissioner for taking affidavits in 1848, a clerk of the Division Court in 1848, and a justice of the peace in 1853. For a long term of years, he was director of the County Agricultural Society, and once its president. Of the Preston Mechanics’ Institute and Horticultural Society he has been president from the establishment of the same. Of the Executive Committee of the Association of Mechanics’ Institutes for Ontario, he was a member for twelve years, during six of which its vice-president and for two years its president, and by virtue of these offices a member of the Agricultural Council of Ontario. But the office which he has occupied longest and in which he has worked with greater energy than in any other, is that of School Trustee. When in 1841, the Public Schools Act became law, he was elected one of the School Commissioners in the township (the title was subsequently changed to School Trustee); at the expiration of his term he was re-elected, and has been so re-elected ever since. A good stone school building with a teacher as good as in those days could be obtained was the result of his early work in the cause of education. He next succeeded in getting permission from the District Council to have all property in the Preston school section taxed for a free school, and that school has been free ever since, although in former years it was optional with the rate-payers whether their school should be free or supported by a rate bill per pupil attending school. After Preston became incorporated, he was appointed local superintendent of schools, and in that capacity he was seventeen years a member of the County Board of Examiners of Teachers. The scarcity of good teachers was often severely felt, while at present they are plentiful, and Mr. Klotz obtained permission for German teachers to be examined in German, and he had charge of preparing the questions for such examinations. At the insistance of several teachers, he prepared and published a German grammar for use of German pupils and others studying German. In 1853, he agitated a public examination of all the schools in the county; in this move he was ably assisted by the late Dr. Scott, who was then the warden of the county. The county council granted $100 for the purchase of prizes to be distributed among the successful competitors, and appointed Mr. Klotz to make the requisite arrangements, which were successfully carried out. In 1865, Mr. Klotz, assisted by two of the teachers of the Preston school, prepared an exposé of “The Irish National Readers,” which at that time were the authorized readers for the common schools. In that exposé the writer criticised the spelling, grammatical construction, historical blunders, unsuitable words and expressions for children, unfitness of the books for Canadian schools, and the entire absence therein of any article which might tend to cultivate in the minds of the pupils a patriotic feeling. A lengthy and animated correspondence between the chief superintendent, the Rev. Dr. Ryerson, and Mr. Klotz was the result; but notwithstanding the same, Mr. Klotz had the gratification of seeing “The Irish National Readers” superseded by a Canadian series of Readers. As president of the Mechanics’ Institute, Mr. Klotz has been indefatigable in providing for the inhabitants of Preston and neighbourhood a large library of well selected books, numbering in 1886 4,000 volumes, of which 2,800 are English, and 1,200 German. In politics Mr. Klotz commenced as early as 1838, then hardly a year in Canada, to take an active part, having been required to shoulder a gun and to stand guard at the Grand River bridge, upon a report that a band of rebels under lead of one Duncan, was coming from London to invade Waterloo, which, however, afterwards proved a false report. He concluded that if, though yet an alien, he was required to risk his life in defence of Canada, he would claim it as a right to speak and vote upon political questions. Shortly after the Earl of Durham’s Report had been published, mass meetings were held in several parts of Upper Canada to discuss the same; and Mr. Klotz was one of thirty-six men, mostly old settlers of Waterloo county, who by hand-bills called a public meeting to be held at Preston, on the 10th day of August, “to take into consideration the deplorable state of the province of Upper Canada, and to express their opinion thereon, in concurrence with the great county meeting lately held at Dundas, upon the glorious report of the Earl of Durham.” One of those handbills is still preserved by Mr. Klotz as a relic of his younger days. The first parliamentary election which came on was held at Guelph, and Mr. Klotz went there to vote. A scrutineer, the late Colonel Hodgins, asked him: “How long are you in this country, sir?” The answer was given with firmness: “Not quite ten years, sir;” the response was: “Oh, that will do; for whom do you vote?” “for Mr. James Durand, sir,” said Mr. Klotz and left the polling place. Mr. Durand was afterwards declared elected. After responsible government had been granted to the people of Canada, and the political party which adopted the name “Conservatives” had been formed, Mr. Klotz joined that party, and he has ever since supported it with all his energy. He held for a number of years the office of secretary of that party in his electoral division, and in later years that of president of the same. For the celebration of the Peace Jubilee, held at the county town, Berlin, shortly after the Franco-German war, he was elected president of the German societies, and as such he delivered on May 2nd, 1871, in front of the Court House, to an audience of several thousands, the Peace Jubilee address; and subsequently at the town of Waterloo, on the occasion of the first “German Saenger Fest” in Ontario, being held there, he delivered to an overcrowded house at the Agricultural Hall, the address in German and also in English. The old Alien Act requiring a residence of seven years before a foreigner could become a naturalized subject, was felt by many Germans to be too long a period of probation, especially since it only required five years’ residence in the United States to become a citizen there. Accordingly Mr. Klotz agitated the matter through the medium of the public press, and by letters to members of Parliament and to the government. In this he was ably assisted by other Germans, and their united efforts were crowned with success, the seven years being first reduced to five, and later to three years’ residence. An attempt was made by him to induce the British government to extend the privileges of a person naturalized in Canada, over the whole British empire; but in this attempt he failed, although his arguments upon that subject had been kindly forwarded to the British government, by His Excellency the Governor-General. It appeared that the reasons for refusal were not on account of Canada, but of such of the numerous British possessions which still number among its inhabitants a large body of semi-civilized peoples, through whom serious difficulties might arise, if such colonies were also to apply and obtain the like privileges which were asked for Canada. Among the Masonic fraternity, the name of Otto Klotz has become a household word. He became a member of the same in 1846, and has ever since been an active and energetic worker of the Mystic tie. He is an old member of the Grand Lodge and served without interruption as a member of the Board of General Purposes since 1864. He made the subject of Benevolence his special study, and the present system of distributing aid, and of regulating grants is his work; in acknowledgment of which, the Grand Lodge presented him in 1873 with a handsome testimonial. He continued his noble work with unabated energy, adding from time to time improvements suggested by experience, and in 1885, after twenty-one consecutive years as chairman of the Committee on Benevolence, the Grand Lodge conferred upon him the highest honour, by unanimously electing him a Past Grand Master, and voting for the purchase of a handsome and costly Grand Master’s regalia, which, with an elaborate address beautifully engraved, were presented to him at a later day at his mother lodge, the old Barton, No. 6, in the city of Hamilton, in presence of one of the largest gatherings of the fraternity ever assembled there. Besides this great honour conferred upon him, and the many fraternal greetings and tributes paid him on that occasion by the brethren assembled, he had the additional pleasure of the presence of three of his sons, two of whom as Past Masters of Preston lodge, and the youngest as Master of the Lodge of Strict Observance, in Hamilton; and the gratification of a most cordial and fraternal reception of them by the brethren assembled, as worthy sons of a worthy father. The family of Mr. Klotz and his good wife consists of four sons and two daughters, of whom three sons and one daughter are married and have families, while the eldest son and youngest daughter have remained single. They are all living in comfortable circumstances, highly respected by all who know them, and the just pride of their aged parents. A family gathering which occurs once a year is always accompanied by those genuine pleasures which are in store for a happy family in which strife and bickerings are unknown quantities. At one of these gatherings the unanimous wish of Mr. Klotz’s children was expressed that he should retire from business, and spend with his good wife the remaining years of his life in rest and comfort. Arrangements were made accordingly, and in 1881, he retired from business, since which time he has been living on his income, with his wife and unmarried daughter in a commodious dwelling, enjoying that repose and comfort which is the just reward of honest industry.

Waddell, John, M.D. The late Dr. Waddell, of St. John, New Brunswick, was the son of the Rev. John Waddell, a native of Shotts, Scotland. The latter was educated at Glasgow, and came to Nova Scotia in 1797, and became pastor of the Presbyterian church of Truro. He was married in 1802 to a daughter of Jotham Blanchard (a loyalist from Massachusetts, and a colonel in one of the loyalist regiments). The Rev. Mr. Waddell officiated on the occasion of the opening of the old St. Andrew’s Kirk, in St. John, N.B. (destroyed by the great fire), having delivered the first sermon in the church in which his son, the subject of this sketch, fifty years afterwards became a prominent and influential elder. Dr. Waddell was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, on the 17th of March, 1810. When quite a boy, his mother died. After attending the Grammar school at Truro, kept by Mr. James Irving, he entered the Pictou Academy, under the presidency of Dr. McCulloch (the able Biblical controversialist, whose discussions with Bishop Burke, of Halifax, made his name famous throughout Nova Scotia). After leaving the academy, he went into mercantile business in his native town, and so continued until the autumn of 1833, when he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. Lynds. He next proceeded to Glasgow, Scotland, where he pursued his studies with untiring assiduity, and received his diploma, October 18th, 1839, from the Royal College of Surgeons, London. He then went to Paris, and continued there two years, attending the medical lectures given by some of the most scientific men of the French capital. On his return to Nova Scotia, in 1840, he commenced the practice of medicine in Truro. The same year he married Susan, the only daughter of his first medical teacher, Dr. Lynds. The following year she died. Five years afterwards he married Jane Walker Blanchard, daughter of Edward Blanchard, of Truro. In 1849, Dr. Waddell was appointed by His Excellency, Sir Edmund Head, to the situation of medical superintendent of the New Brunswick Lunatic Asylum, a position whose arduous and multifarious duties he discharged with signal success, until his retirement in the spring of 1876, a period of twenty-seven years. When he took charge of the asylum, at the age of thirty-nine, he was the very personification of vigorous health. He was tall and finely proportioned. Humanly speaking there was in him the promise of the attainment of a life of four score years and more. He sprang from a long-lived race. His step was elastic and his form erect; his mind was buoyant and full of love for the work he had but just undertaken. By his kind and gentlemanly manner, he was singularly capable of dealing with those unfortunates who required so much of paternal care and solicitude. And yet, with this urbanity and goodness, there was firmness of character, so much required by the rules of discipline, which never failed to exact obedience, but it was the obedience of a child to a parent. When Dr. Waddell assumed the duties of his office, there were but eighty patients in the establishment, which number gradually increased until the figures reached, at the time of his retirement, three hundred, besides about fifty domestics. With every successive year, from 1849, there was a steady increase of work—work of the most sorrowful description—and with it a corresponding amount of care, anxiety and responsibility. And yet, Dr. Waddell worked on, day after day, in the same unwearied round for twenty-seven years, devoting the flower of his days, his vigour, his manhood to a task which led ultimately to the destruction of a once powerful constitution. At the earnest request of his family—whose members had always been closely knit and compacted together by the most tender cords of affection—he retired from the asylum in the spring of 1876, under the expectation that with rest and freedom from care and anxiety, he would be enabled to take a new lease of life. But instead of that repose for which retirement was sought, it was found that a change from an active to a passive life was more than his shattered constitution could withstand. The day he laid down his staff and turned his back upon the asylum he loved so well and served so faithfully, that day Dr. Waddell’s work upon earth was ended. Bowed down with the infirmities of a premature old age, he lingered till August 29th, 1878, when he passed away at the age of sixty-eight. Probably no man in the province of New Brunswick was better or more generally known than Dr. Waddell, and there are few whose name and works will be held in more grateful remembrance by its inhabitants. His only surviving child, Susan Lynds (by his second marriage), was married August 30th, 1881, to the Rev. Lorenzo Gorham Stevens, rector of St. Luke’s Church, Portland, St. John, N.B., a sketch of whose life will be found elsewhere.

MacVicar, Rev. Malcolm, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Apologetics and Christian Ethics, McMaster Hall (Baptist College), Toronto, was born on the 30th September, 1829, in Argyleshire, Scotland. His father, John MacVicar, was a farmer in Dunglass, near Campbeltown, Kintyre, Scotland, and was known as a man of great physical and intellectual vigour, and was well known in his native Scotland and the land of his adoption, Canada, for his ability, generosity and sterling integrity. His wife, Janet MacTavish, possessed a similar character, and reached the age of ninety-two years before she died, having seen her children’s children in positions of usefulness and influence. Malcolm, the subject of this sketch, was one of twelve children, and came with his parents to Canada in 1835, and settled on a farm at Chatham, Ontario. His early years were spent at first on a farm, then at Cleveland, Ohio, where he learned the trade of ship carpenter. Being ambitious and anxious to get on, he decided to secure an education, and along with his brother Donald, now Principal of the Presbyterian College in Montreal, went to Toronto, in 1850, and entered Knox College to study for the Presbyterian Ministry, where he remained for two years. In the meantime his views of doctrines having undergone a change, he became connected with the Baptist denomination, and turned his attention to teaching and fitting young men for the Toronto University, preaching occasionally. He was ordained to the Baptist Ministry in 1856. In 1858 he went to Rochester, New York State, and entered the senior class at the University of Rochester, taking his degree of B. A. the following summer. He immediately went to Brockport, in the same county, where he became a member of the faculty of the Brockport Collegiate Institute, then under the principalship of Dr. David Barbank. Here, with the exception of one year spent in the Central School at Buffalo, he remained until the spring of 1867 (when that institution was transformed into a Normal School), first as subordinate, then as associate principal, and from April, 1864, sole principal of the school. He was a very successful teacher from the first, being full of energy, and ambitious to devise new and improved methods of illustrating and impressing the truth. Nor were the class-room walls the limit of his intellectual horizon, but he was constantly seeking some better plan of organizing the educational work immediately in hand, and over the whole state. He was quickly recognized by the regents of the University as one of the foremost teachers and principals in the state. In August, 1865, he, by appointment, read a paper before the convocation of that body on Internal Organization of Academies, which looked towards and proved the first step towards putting in practice regent’s examinations in the academies as a basis for distribution of the income of the literary fund. He was shortly afterwards appointed by the chancellor, chairman of a committee of principals of academies to consider the practical workings and results of the system of regent’s examinations just being instituted. During these years of his connection with the Collegiate Institute, he took a lively interest in the subject of the so-called normal training in academies, and became convinced that the utmost that could be done for teachers’ classes under the circumstances was too little to meet the needs of the common schools of the state. He, therefore, with the advice and cooperation of friends of education in Brockport and Rochester, and the Hon. Victor M. Rice, then state superintendent, proposed to the State Legislature, in 1865-66, a bill authorizing the establishment of a Normal and Training School at Brockport, and offering to transfer the Institute property to the state for that purpose on very liberal terms. Subsequently this measure was so modified as to provide for four schools instead of one, and to leave the location of them to a board consisting of the governor, state superintendent and state officers and others. In this form the bill became law. It now became necessary to adopt some definite plan of organization for the new schools, and Superintendent Rice at once turned to Professor MacVicar for assistance. The professor submitted a plan, which, with some slight modifications, was adopted and became the basis for the organization of all the schools under the law. In consideration of the services rendered by Professor MacVicar and other friends of the cause, the first school was located in Brockport, with Professor MacVicar as its principal, and he immediately set to work to organize this school, and opened it in the spring of 1867, having among the members of his faculty, Professor Charles McLean, William J. Milne and J. H. Hoose, now the Principals of the Normal schools of Brockport, Genesee and Courtland. The first year of Normal school work, carried on as it was in connection with planning and supervising the erection of the new buildings, proved a very trying one to Principal MacVicar, and his health giving way under the pressure, he resolved to offer his resignation at the end of the school year of 1867-8. This he accordingly did, but the state superintendent, preferring not to lose him from the state, granted him a year’s leave of absence, instead of accepting his resignation. He then took a trip west, during the summer of 1868, and was invited to become superintendent of the schools of the city of Leavenworth; after some consideration, he accepted this position, and remained there until the following April, in the meantime reorganizing the schools from bottom to top, a work that had been neglected hitherto. His western trip having restored him to perfect health, he returned to New York state, but thought it best not to again take up his work at Brockport. A Normal School having been located in Potsdam, St. Lawrence county, and about ready to open, he was invited to become its principal, and accepted the office. He at once gathered around him a corps of teachers, and opened his second Normal school, three weeks after he left Leavenworth. The regents of the University welcomed him back to the state, and expressed their estimation of his ability by conferring upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the summer of 1869, and his alma mater added an LL.D. the following year. The school at Potsdam was no sooner organized than he gave himself anew to the study of methods of instruction and the philosophy of education, for which he possessed a peculiar aptitude. Being encouraged by the other principals to work out his ideas into permanent shape for the general good, he became the author of several books on arithmetic; he also became the author and inventor of various important devices to illustrate, objectively, principles of arithmetic, geography and astronomy. Meanwhile there arose a degree of friction between the academies and Normal schools of the state, which made itself felt in the legislative session of 1876, in a threat to cut off the appropriations from the Normal schools, unless the academies were treated more liberally. At the next meeting of the Normal school principals, the matter was discussed, and the cause of the difficulty was found to be the double-headed management of their educational system. It was agreed that the remedy for the existing difficulties was found in uniting the management of all the schools of the state under one head. Dr. MacVicar and Dr. Sheldon, of the Oswego Normal school, were appointed to urge this view on the State Legislature at its next session. They conferred with a deputation of academy principals, and won their approval of the plan prepared. It was then embodied in a bill, and brought before the legislature in 1877. Although much time was spent in bringing the matter before the committees of the assembly and the senate, and many of the prominent men of both houses, who generally approved of the measure, yet the private interests of aspirants to the office of state superintendents conflicted with it, and it was thrown out when it came up for a hearing. In the autumn of 1880, Dr. MacVicar was invited to take the principalship of the Michigan State Normal school, at Ypsilanti, and finding it the only school of the kind in that state, and there being no diversity of interest in the educational management of the state, it seemed to offer an opportunity for something like ideal Normal school work, so he accepted the position. He remained there, however, but one year, when, being thoroughly worn out with hard work, and being urgently pressed to join the faculty of the Toronto Baptist College, just then opened, he resigned his position in Michigan and came to Canada. Dr. MacVicar excels as a mathematician and metaphysician, having read extensively in both directions, as well as in the natural sciences. He has also made the relation of science and religion a special study, and is now investigating the wide field of Christian Apologetics. As a writer and in the classroom, he is characterized by the utmost clearness and force, and his career as an educator has been eminently successful. It has fallen to his lot to perform a vast amount of hard work in all of which he has shown a spirit of self-sacrifice in a remarkable degree, through which he has been the means of advancing many others to positions of high trust and usefulness. His investigations in the science of education are critical and original, being based upon extensive observation and a large induction of facts. Having for twenty-five years taught a wide range of subjects, and being naturally possessed of strong and well trained logical powers, he is well qualified to analyze the human mind and all that is concerned in its proper education and harmonious development. To this work he now devotes such time as can be spared from strictly professional duties. As a theologian his views are definite and comprehensive, thoroughly evangelical and uncompromisingly opposed to the materialistic pantheism, and philosophical and scientific scepticism of the present day. On the 1st of January, 1865, Dr. MacVicar was married to Isabella McKay, of Chatham, and has a family consisting of three sons and one daughter.

Heavysege, Charles, the gifted author of “Saul,” was born in Liverpool, England, May 2nd, 1816. On his arrival in Canada in 1853, he took up his residence in Montreal, where for a time he worked as a machinist, earning by hard labour a modest subsistence for himself and his family. Afterwards he became a local reporter on the staff of the Montreal Daily Witness; but, as has been the case with many another son of genius, his life was one long struggle with poverty. Through all his earlier years of toil and harassing cares, he devoted himself to study and poetical composition, but published nothing till he was nearly forty years of age. A poem in blank verse saw the light in 1854. This production, crude, no doubt, and immature, met with a chilling reception, even from his friends. Some time afterwards appeared a collection of fifty sonnets, many of them vigorous and even lofty in tone, but almost all of them defective in execution, owing to the author’s want of early culture. “Saul,” his greatest work, was published in 1857, and fortunately fell into the hands of Hawthorne, then a resident of Liverpool, who had it favourably noticed in the North British Review. Longfellow and Emerson, too, spoke highly of its excellence, the former pronouncing it to be “the best tragedy written since the days of Shakespeare.” Canadians then discovered that Heavysege was a genius, and made partial atonement for their neglect; but even to the end the poet’s struggle with fortune was a bitter one. In 1857, he published “Saul: A scriptural tragedy.” “Count Flippo or, The Unequal Marriage:” a drama in five acts (1860). This production is inferior to “Saul,” not only because it does not possess the epic sublimity of the sacred drama, but because in it there is too much straining after effect, the characterization is defective, and the criticism of life displayed is not of the highest quality. “Jephthah’s Daughter,” (1865): a drama which follows closely the scriptural narrative, and, so far as concerns artistic execution, is superior to “Saul.” The lines flow with greater smoothness; there are fewer commonplace expressions, and the author has gained a firmer mastery over the rhetorical aids of figures of speech. His mind, however, shows no increase in strength, and we miss the rugged grandeur and terrible delineations of his earliest drama. “The Advocate:” a novel (1865). Besides these works, Heavysege produced many shorter pieces, one of the finest of which, “The Dark Huntsman,” was sent to the Canadian Monthly just before his death. To Art Heavysege, so his critics say, owed little. Even his most elaborate productions are defaced by unmusical lines, prosaic phrases and sentences, and faults of taste and judgment. But he owed much to Nature; for he was endowed with real and fervid, though unequal and irregular, genius. To the circumstances of his life, as much as to the character of his mind, may be attributed the pathetic sadness that pervades his works. Occasionally, it is true, there is a faint gleam of humour; but it is grim humour, which never glows with geniality or concentrates into wit. Irony and quaint sarcasm, too, display themselves in some of the Spirit scenes in “Saul.” But for sublimity of conception and power of evoking images of horror and dread, Heavysege was unsurpassed except by the masters of our literature. He possessed also, an intimate knowledge of the workings of the human heart; his delineations of character were powerful and distinct; and his pictures of impassioned emotion are wonderful in their epic grandeur. Every page of his dramas betrays an ardent study of the Bible, Milton, and Shakespeare, both in the reproduction of images and thoughts, and in the prevailing accent of his style. But he had an originality of his own; for many of his sentences are remarkable for their genuine power, and keen and concentrated energy. Here and there, too, we meet with exquisite pieces of description, and some of the lyrics in “Saul” are full of rich fancy and musical cadence. Without early culture, and amid the toilsome and uncongenial labours of his daily life, Heavysege has established his right to a foremost place in the Canadian Temple of Fame: what might he not have done for himself and his adopted country, had he been favoured by circumstances as he was by Nature! His death took place at Montreal, in August, 1876.

Torrance, Rev. Robert, D.D., Guelph, Ontario, was born at Markethill, county of Armagh, Ireland, on the 23rd of May, 1825, and was the youngest of seven sons. His ancestor on his father’s side—M. Torrance—left Ayrshire, Scotland, during the times of the persecution, and settled in the north of Ireland, and their descendants have lived there, in the same locality, ever since. Robert Torrance, the subject of this sketch, went to school at an early age in his native village, and remained under the same tutor until he was ten years old, when he began the study of the Latin and Greek languages. In 1837, his parents removed to Glenluce, Wigtonshire, Scotland, and here Robert entered the school in this place, and continued the studies he had already begun before leaving Ireland, and began others preparatory to the life-work selected for him by his parents. In 1839, he was enrolled as a student in the Royal Academical Institution, Belfast, then or shortly afterwards affiliated with the London University; then he studied Greek and logic, and belles-lettres; mental and moral philosophy under Dr. Robert Wilson; mathematics under Prof. Young; natural philosophy, including astronomy and optics, and Hebrew under Professor Harte, assistant to Dr. Hincks, who was then an old man, and confined his attention to the senior class. This Dr. Hincks, was the father of the celebrated Oriental scholar, Dr. Hincks, and of the late Sir Francis Hincks, whose name is well known in Canada. After the completion of his art course and passing the usual examination by the Presbytery in whose bounds he resided, he entered on the study of divinity, in the halls of the United Secession Church in Scotland. His first session was spent in Glasgow, and the subsequent ones in Edinburgh. His course was completed in 1845, with the exception of one session, and, as there was great want at that time for missionaries to go out to Canada, he offered his services, and was accepted, it being agreed, under the circumstances, to exempt him from attending the last or fifth session on his furnishing testimonials as to fitness for the field and work. These having been produced to the satisfaction of the Committee on Foreign Missions, of which Dr. John McKerrow was convener, the Presbytery of Kinross was instructed to take him on trials for license, with a view to his proceeding to Canada. According to appointment, these trials were delivered in the church at Inverkeithing, a village in Fifeshire, about four miles south from Dunfermline. Having passed the Presbytery and been licensed, he preached two Sabbath days in Scotland, one for Rev. Dr. MacKelvie, in Balgedie, in whose family he had been tutor for three seasons; and the other for Rev. Mr. Puller, in Glenluce, where he had spent his boyhood. He then at once left for Liverpool, taking his parents with him, and from that port sailed, in a few days, for New York, which was reached safely after a voyage of four weeks. Without delay, he proceeded to Toronto, and there occupied the pulpit of Rev. Mr. Jennings for a few Sabbaths, Mr. Jennings being at the time in Scotland recruiting his health. Mr. Torrance spent one year as a probationer, travelling through the western section of Canada, from Toronto to Goderich and Detroit, as he had determined not to settle down in a charge till he had gone over a good part of the mission field, and given as much supply as in his power. Travelling in those days was far from possessing the conveniences and comforts now enjoyed. There were no railways; in several of the districts there were no stage coaches. The probationer was thus under the necessity of purchasing a horse, and making his journeys on horseback. In winter he was exposed at times to intense cold, and in summer to prostrating heat. He had to clothe himself for such changes of temperature. Roads were sometimes obstructed with snow, and he had to wait till parties turned out and made them passable, or opened up a way through adjoining fields; in spring and fall there was deep mud and often the horse had difficulty in getting through, and some of the stations were difficult of access from other causes, such as their recent formation. Accommodation when he reached his destination, was not always such as he had been accustomed to in the fatherland. But the people were uniformly kind and courteous; they gave the best they had ungrudgingly, often wishing it were better; and extended a cordial welcome. Many an event then befell him which interested him at the time and still lingers in his recollection. After receiving and declining calls from three or four congregations, he accepted a call from a congregation in Guelph, and was ordained and inducted on the 11th of November, 1846. He remained in this charge till January, 1882, when his resignation was placed in the hands of the Presbytery, and its acceptance pressed. Towards the close of the same month the pastoral relationship to his congregation was dissolved, the General Assembly giving permission to retain his name on the Roll of Presbytery. Since that time he has not had a stated charge, but has been frequently employed as moderator of sessions of vacant congregations in the bounds, and doing other work of a ministerial character. Shortly after his settlement in Guelph, he was appointed a trustee on the High School Board, and filled that position for a number of years. He succeeded for a time to the superintendence of the Common (now called Public) schools, in the south riding of the county, having the oversight of the townships of Erin, Eramosa, Guelph and Puslinch. Finding the labours too onerous in connection with his pastoral work, he resigned the position after two years occupancy to the hands of the County council. Previous to this, however, in 1855, he had been chosen by the Guelph Board of Trustees superintendent of the schools in the town, then only three or four in number. This situation he has since filled without interruption, and has seen the progress made up to this date, the number of schools having increased to twenty-six, and a class of buildings provided unsurpassed by any in Ontario. Shortly after the Rev. Mr. Torrance’s settlement in Guelph, a new presbytery was formed, called the Presbytery of Wellington, and of this he was chosen clerk, and this office he filled till the union of the churches, which took place in 1861, when Mr., now Rev. Dr. Middlemiss, who had been clerk of the Free Church Presbytery, was chosen clerk of the united one. In 1870, Mr. Middlemiss resigned, and was succeeded by Mr. Torrance, who still occupies the office. The church with which he was connected was known in his early days as the “United Secession,” a name afterwards changed to “United Presbyterian,” when the union between the Relief and Secession churches was effected. For some years he filled the position of convener of their committee on statistics, and also of their committee on the supply of vacancies and distribution of probationers. In 1874, his name appears for the first time as convener of the committee of the united church on statistics, and he was continued in the office at the farther union, which took place in 1875, and still occupies it. For some time the supply of vacancies and allocation of probationers were under the charge of the Home Mission committee, but they chose a sub-committee for the purpose, and for a few years the burden of the work fell to him with the other members. Ultimately a distinct committee was appointed by the General Assembly, to whom this service was assigned, and he was chosen convener. In 1880 he was chosen moderator of the Synod of Toronto and Kingston, which met in St. James’ Square Church, Toronto, and occupied the office for the usual period of one year. In 1883, he tendered his resignation, when Rev. Mr. Laidlaw of St. Paul’s Church, Hamilton, was chosen to succeed him. The scheme fell out of use, and it was considered unnecessary to continue the committee after 1884, till 1886, when the want of it having made itself felt, a new committee was appointed under a revised scheme, of which Rev. Mr. Laidlaw was appointed convener by the Assembly, and Mr. Torrance clerk by the committee, Mr. Laidlaw feeling that he could not carry on the work of the committee in connection with the weight and responsibility of his labours as the minister of an important city charge. In 1884, Mr. Torrance was chosen a life member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science at its meeting in Montreal. In 1885, he was installed as a member of the Canadian Postal College of the natural sciences, and in September of the same year, he was constituted a life member of the Canadian Short-Hand Society. For several years he has been a member, by the appointment of the General Assembly of the Board of Examiners of Knox College, Toronto, and the senate of that institute conferred upon him, in 1885, the honorary degree of D.D. In 1851, he revisited Scotland, for the restoration of his health, which had become impaired through the labours that had been undergone; and again in 1881 he visited the old country, accompanied by his wife. On this occasion he travelled over the greater part of Scotland, visited Ireland and its chief cities, with the lakes of Killarney, and crossed over to Paris, where a week was spent amid the scenes of that gay and enchanting city. Rev. Mr. Torrance’s religious views are Presbyterian; these he says he acquired from his parents and is satisfied with their scriptural character, and has not changed his mind since boyhood. Rev. Mr. Torrance may now be considered as having retired from very active duties. In 1857, he purchased ten acres of fine land in the neighbourhood of Guelph, and having built thereon for himself a comfortable house, he resides there and devotes his spare time to gardening and the cultivation of flowers, having gone to the expense of importing from Scotland, and even China, some very rare flower seeds. In August, 1854, he was married to Bessie Dryden, of Eramosa, whose father and mother had come from the neighbourhood of Jedburgh, in Scotland, and took up land in that township soon after it was thrown open to settlers. Four children, two sons and two daughters, were born, all of them now grown up; two of them married, one of the latter, a daughter, having gone with her husband to China, under an engagement for four years at the close of which they have returned.

Moore, Paul Robinson, M.D., Sackville, New Brunswick, was born on the 30th of March, 1835, in Hopewell, Westmoreland county, New Brunswick. (Since the county was divided, Hopewell is in Albert county). His father, Thomas Benjamin Moore was a lawyer in Albert and Westmoreland counties, and died in Moncton, Westmoreland county, April, 1875, aged sixty-eight years. His mother’s maiden name was Apphia Robinson, daughter of Deacon Paul C. Robinson, of Hopewell. She bore thirteen children, six sons and seven daughters, of whom three sons and four daughters still survive, the subject of this sketch being the third child. His paternal grand-father was John W. Moore, sergeant of the 1st battalion of Royal Artillery, and died a pensioner in Ballymena, Ireland, at eighty-five years of age. His paternal ancestors resided in the north of Ireland, and it is a family tradition that at the siege of Londonderry there were seven brothers Moore, engaged in the fighting, five of whom were slain in one attack. The remaining two survived the perils of the siege, and their descendants are still for the most part settled in the north of Ireland. His father was five years old when he came to this country in 1813, when the regiment to which his grand-father belonged was ordered out to defend Fort Cumberland. Paul Robinson Moore received a mathematical and classical education at the Mount Allison Institution, in Sackville, New Brunswick, up to the age of fifteen, when on account of ill health his studies were abandoned. Three years later, having regained his health, he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Wm. T. Taylor, of Philadelphia, U.S., but had to give it up at the end of the first year, on account of another serious attack of illness which threatened to end in phthisis. He then returned to New Brunswick, and after recruiting his health, took a clerkship at the Albert mines in Hillsborough, New Brunswick, for eighteen months, and afterwards he was employed as bookkeeper and pay-master of the Boudreau stone quarries in Westmoreland county for a year. His health being then perfectly restored, he went to New York, and resumed his medical studies at the university of the city of New York, receiving private instruction at the same time from Dr. Gaillard Thomas. He graduated in March, 1859, and was appointed house physician and surgeon of Brooklyn City Hospital the following May, which position he held till May, 1860, when he returned to Albert county, New Brunswick, and commenced the practice of his profession. In January, 1875, he removed to Sackville, and entered into a professional co-partnership with Dr. Alexander Fleming, which continued till April, 1881, when Dr. Fleming removed to Brandon, North-West Territory, since which time Dr. Moore has been attending closely to his professional duties in Sackville. He was appointed coroner for Albert county in 1866, and magistrate for the same county in 1873. The doctor has taken an interest in various companies, and is at present a stockholder in the Moncton Cotton Company, the Sackville Music Hall Company, and the Baptist Publishing Company. He joined the Howard lodge of Free Masons in 1867, and Sackville division of the Sons of Temperance in 1875; became honorary member of the Glasgow Southern Medical Society in 1880, and president of the New Brunswick Medical Society in 1885. He is also a member of the Medical Council. He has never taken an active part in politics, but supports a Liberal government, and is an uncompromising Prohibitionist. He has travelled in England, Ireland, France, Scotland, and the United States. He has been a member of the Baptist church since 1865. On the 12th of December, 1866, he was married to Rebecca, eldest daughter of John Weldon, of Dorchester, Westmoreland county, by whom he has had nine children, four boys and five girls, of whom one boy and five girls survive.

Archambault, Urgel-Eugène, Principal of the Catholic Commercial Academy, Montreal, was born at L’Assomption, on the 27th of May, 1834. His parents were Louis Archambault, farmer, and Marie-Angélique Prud’homme, belonging to a very old family of the province of Quebec. The Archambault family came from France and settled on the Isle of Montreal about the year 1650, thence off-shoots established themselves in different parts of the province of Quebec, especially at L’Assomption, from which place three or four members of this family were, at various times, elected to the Canadian parliament. Urgel-Eugène having attended school at Saint-Jacques de l’Achigan and at L’Assomption, became a teacher at the age of seventeen years (1851), taught during six years at Saint-Ambroise de Kildare, L’Assomption, Chateauguay, and finally completed his own studies at the Jacques-Cartier Normal School, from which institution he received an academic diploma. In 1858, he taught at Saint-Constant, and the following year he became head-master of the Catholic Commercial Academy of Montreal, the principal work of his life, and which he still directs. This school, established in Coté street, was transferred to the Plateau in 1871; it has become one of the principal educational institutions of the city, and even of the province of Quebec. In 1873, Mr. Archambault was named local superintendent of all the schools controlled by the Catholic Board of School Commissioners. The interior plans of the Plateau, Belmont and Olier schools are the work of his hands. This same year, 1873, he laboured successfully to bring about the foundation of an institution destined to form civil, mining, and industrial engineers. This was the Polytechnic School of Montreal, founded by the Catholic school commissioners and the Honorable Gedéon Ouimet, superintendent of education for the province of Quebec. Intended principally for Catholics, it was annexed to the Laval University in January, 1887. The university, which retains Mr. Archambault as principal of the Polytechnic School, has named him titular professor of the arts faculty. Much of the success attending the Jacques-Cartier Normal School conventions has been due to the active interest which he has taken in them. He is the author of the Teachers’ Pension Fund Bill, which became law in 1880, and was amended in 1886. In 1870, Mr. Archambault visited Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Richmond (Virginia), and became acquainted with the best educators in the United States. Since then he has kept himself informed of their methods of teaching and management. With the same object in view, he visited the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, in 1876. In 1878, Mr. Archambault was sent to the Paris Exhibition, to represent the Educational department of the province of Quebec; and while in France he was named member of the International Educational Jury, and was the first Canadian ever decorated with the Palmes Académiques, and honored with the title of Officier d’Académie. On this occasion he was commissioned, by the Minister of Public Instruction in France, to deliver the Palmes Académiques to Dr. J. B. Meilleur, and to the Honourable P. J. O. Chauveau and G. Ouimet, who, each in turn, had directed the Educational department of the province. To allow him to fulfil his mission at the Paris Exhibition, he was granted a seven months’ leave of absence, during which time he gathered an ample store of pedagogic ideas, which he has since utilized for the benefit of his country. In 1883-4, he made a second trip to Europe and to Northern Africa, during a six months’ leave of absence granted to him on account of his health. These voyages brought him into communication with several eminent persons, and with different societies. Already a member of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste and of the Historical Society of Montreal, he became a member of the Geographical Society of Paris; in 1882, he received the title of Knight of the Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre, and in 1886 he was named honorary member of the first degree of the Universal Humane Society of Knight-Saviors. In 1860, Mr. Archambault married Marie-Phélonise Azilda, daughter of Dr. Robitaille, of Saint-Roch de l’Achigan. Of the eleven children born to them, six, a son and five daughters, are still living (1887).

Stewart, Rev. Wm. James, Minister of the Baptist Church, Portland city, St. John county, New Brunswick, was born at Second Falls, St. George, Charlotte county, New Brunswick, on the 22nd of April, 1850. His parents, David and Agnes Stewart, were born in Newtownards, county Down, Ireland. They came to America with their parents, and were married in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, soon after their arrival. Shortly after this event they removed to Second Falls, where they lived happily together and raised a family of eleven children, William being the youngest. In February, 1857, his mother was removed from her family by death, and laid to rest by loving hands in the village church-yard. His father married again, his second wife being a Mrs. Manzer, a widow lady, who still survives him. He had no issue by this wife. In July, 1876, his father was called to his reward, and buried beside his first wife. Both were consistent members of the Baptist church. William James Stewart, the subject of this sketch, was not a very rugged boy, and was therefore kept constantly at school from his earliest boyhood. At the age of sixteen he finished the studies in the primary schools, and as there was no high school near his home, he was allowed to drop his studies for a few years. In the meantime he went on a visit to his brother and sister, both of whom were married and lived in the State of Minnesota, and after a year and a half he returned home a young man of twenty years, with no very definite idea of life or what he should do in the future. Not long after this, however, there came a change into his life which decided the future for him. The sermons of Rev. Edward Hickson, then pastor of the Baptist church in his native place, made a very deep impression on his mind. His father was a deacon of that church, and a very godly man, his life and influence being in perfect accord with the truth preached from the pulpit; and so after a good deal of anxiety of mind and earnest prayer to God, William was led to give his heart to the Saviour, and experience in his life that “peace which passeth all understanding.” On the 16th of June, 1872, he was immersed in the name of the Trinity by the Rev. E. Hickson, and received into the fellowship of the Second Falls Baptist church. He at once felt a desire in his heart to do something for Him who had done so much for the world, and his first work was to organize a Sunday school in connection with the church of which he was then a member. He also resolved to take up his long neglected studies and prepare himself for a life of usefulness, in the world. In October, 1872, he entered the Baptist Collegiate School in Wolfville, Nova Scotia. He did not at that time have the ministry in view, but not long afterward it was pressed upon him with such weight that he could not rest day or night until he yielded to the voice of God in his soul, and began to shape his course with this in view. On 21st May, 1874, he received a license from the church of which he was a member, signed by George Allen, clerk, to preach the gospel according to the faith and practice of the Baptist church. He spent the vacations of each year of his student life in preaching the word as opportunity offered. The vacation of 1876 he spent at Musquash, near St. John, New Brunswick, and God poured out His Holy Spirit wonderfully upon the people and many precious souls were saved. There was no minister near to baptize, and he consented to be ordained, although he was but a student. His ordination took place on the 23rd day of May, 1876, in the Carleton Baptist church. In May, 1877, he finished his studies at Acadia College, and received a unanimous call to the churches at St. George and Second Falls, the latter of which he was a member. He at once entered upon his work, and was greatly blessed in his labours among his own people. On 1st July, 1878, he was married to Lillie S. Hanson, daughter of Vernon and Helen Hanson, in the city of Boston, by the Rev. Dr. Lorimer. After a pastorate of about four years in his native place, he received and accepted a call to the Baptist church in Parrsborough, Nova Scotia. He spent one year with this church, and then received and accepted a call to the Baptist church in Portland city, St. John county, N.B., and on 1st June, 1882, he entered upon his duties in the church of which he is at present (1887) the pastor. About two hundred souls have been added to this church since he took up the work, and God is now very graciously blessing it. The church edifice has been improved at a cost of about fifteen hundred dollars, and a fine parsonage purchased since he began his ministry in it. The outlook for the future is very hopeful. To God be all the praise. Rev. Mr. Stewart has had two children, a boy and a girl. The eldest is now a bright boy of seven years. The little girl, too sweet and pure for earth, was taken at the age of four by Him who said, “Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of heaven.”

Bayly, Richard, B.A., Q.C., Barrister-at-law, London, Ontario, was born in Dublin, Ireland, on the 25th of May, 1834. He is the son of Rev. Benjamin Bayly, and Cassandra Henrietta Bayly, who, previous to coming to Canada, resided in Dublin, Mr. Bayly’s ancestors having resided in or near that city for over three hundred years. The Rev. Mr. Bayly occupied the important position of principal of the London Grammar school (afterwards the London Collegiate Institute) for over thirty-five years, until the 17th January, 1879, when he died, greatly respected by all who had the honour of his acquaintance. Richard received his education at the London Grammar school, in London, and at the University of Toronto, where he graduated with the degree of B.A. He then studied law in the office of the Hon. John Wilson (afterwards Justice John Wilson), and became a barrister and solicitor in 1857, and has successfully practised his profession in London ever since. He occupied a seat on the London Board of Education from 1876 to 1885 inclusive, and was chairman of the board for one year, and chairman of the School Management Committee for four years. For nine years Mr. Bayly was a warden of St. Paul’s Episcopal church, and for several years a delegate to the Diocesan and Provincial synods. In politics, he belongs to the Liberal-Conservative party, and for many years has taken an active interest in political issues. He was brought up in the Episcopal fold, and has seen no reason to change his religious belief. On the 22nd June, 1864, he was married to Eliza, eldest daughter of the late Dr. Chas. G. Moore, of London, and the issue of this marriage has been ten children, eight of whom survive—five boys and three girls.

Mowatt, Rev. Andrew Joseph, Pastor of St. Paul’s (Presbyterian) Church, Fredericton, New Brunswick, is a native-born Canadian, having first seen the light on the 11th of February, 1838, in the town of Woodstock, Carleton county, N.B. His father, Thomas Mowatt, and mother, Elizabeth Scott Moffatt, emigrated from Great Britain to New Brunswick, and settled in Woodstock in 1837, where they remained for about two years, and then moved to Harvey, York county, where Andrew, the subject of our sketch, was brought up, and whose early recollections of the place is a little log hut in the forest, and a small log school-house where he received a common school education. After leaving this school, he went for two winters to the Collegiate school in Fredericton, then in charge of Dr. George Roberts, and afterwards he spent three terms at the Presbyterian college at Truro, Nova Scotia, taking the regular arts course there. He then studied theology under Rev. Dr. King, at Gerrish Theological Hall, Halifax, N.S., and completed his studies in 1866. On the 2nd of May of the same year, he received a license to preach the gospel from the Presbytery of Pictou, was called to the new congregation of Sharon church, Albion Mines, now Stellarton, and was ordained pastor on the 5th of June following. The Rev. Mr. Mowatt retained the charge of this church for seven years, and then left on receiving a call from St. John’s church, Windsor, N.S., and was inducted its pastor by the Presbytery of Halifax on the 8th of July, 1873. Here he laboured in the Lord’s vineyard for six and a half years. He then was called to the pastorate of St. Paul’s church in Fredericton, and was inducted into this charge on the 8th of January, 1880, by the Presbytery of St. John; and here he has laboured ever since. This church has greatly prospered under Mr. Mowatt’s able ministration, and, on the 10th of January, 1886, the congregation abandoned their old church edifice and moved into a fine stone building, which is an ornament to the town. Rev. Mr. Mowatt was brought up in the faith as taught by the Presbyterian church, and has so far seen no reason to change his opinion with regard to it. He has spent his life in his Master’s service, and he has the satisfaction of knowing that he has done something to advance His kingdom in this world, and, under God’s grace, fitted many a poor soul to enter the Father’s home of many mansions. He was married to Louisa Jane Annand, of Gay’s River, Colchester county, N.S., on the 30th of June, 1868. Her brother, the Rev. Joseph Annand, is a missionary on the island of Espiritu Santo, in the New Hebrides. Rev. Mr. Mowatt has a family of nine children.

Mitchell, Hon. James, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, was born at the Scottish Settlement, York county, N.B., on the 16th March, 1843. His father, William Mitchell, was a native of Inverkip, Renfrewshire, Scotland, and came to America in 1827, settling in York county, N.B. His mother, Ann Dobie, was a native of Dumfries, in Scotland. James Mitchell received his education first in the public school, then in the Collegiate Institute, and latterly in the University of New Brunswick, at Fredericton, where, in 1867, he graduated with the degrees of B.A., and M.A. He afterwards studied law, and was called to the bar in October, 1870, and has since practised his profession at St. Stephen, Charlotte county, where he now resides. Mr. Mitchell was inspector of schools for Charlotte county from 1872 to 1875, and from 1877 to 1879, and during these years exercised a very material influence on the educational affairs of his town and county. He occupied the position of Census commissioner in 1881. He is at present a member of the Senate of the University of New Brunswick, and a member of the Alumni Society; also a member of the Lunatic Asylum Commission and of the Board of Education of the province of New Brunswick. At the general election in 1882 his fellow-citizens of Charlotte county chose him to represent them in the New Brunswick parliament; and, on the 3rd of March, 1883, he was appointed a member of the Executive Council, and surveyor-general of the province. On his presenting himself for re-election, he was returned by acclamation. He was again elected at the general election in 1886. Hon. Mr. Mitchell is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, having always identified himself with the party of progress in the country, and is an active promoter of railways, manufactures, and other public works. As a barrister he stands high at the bar of his native province. He is a past-master of the Free and Accepted Masons, and past-principal Z of the Royal Arch Chapter. He has followed in the footsteps of his parents, and is a consistent adherent of the Presbyterian church. On the 17th December, 1873, he was married to Miss Ryder, of St. Stephen.

MacFarlane, Foster, M.D., Fairville, St. John, New Brunswick, was born in the parish of Studholm, Kings county, N.B., on the 12th December, 1834. His father, Matthew MacFarlane, was born in the parish of Dramore, county of Tyrone, Ireland, and was a descendant of a family of that name, who, with others, sought refuge from the persecution then prevailing in the Highlands of Scotland. The record of the family dates back to the beginning of the thirteenth century. The family name of “MacFarlane” took its origin from a grandson of the Earl of Lennox, named Bartholomew, the Gaelic of which is “Pharlan,” whose son was named MacFarlane (or son of Bartholomew). The seat of the Earl of Lennox was Dumbarton castle, which was held by his descendants the MacFarlanes, at intervals, and for six centuries they held possession of their original lands, the principal seat of which was Arrochar, at the head of Lochlong. The MacFarlane clan fought, and distinguished themselves, in the battle of Langside, May 13th, 1565, their valour mainly contributing to decide the fortunes of the day, and the defeat of Mary, Queen of Scots. For their bravery they received from the Regent their crest and motto which has ever since been inscribed on their family escutcheon, “This I’ll defend.” Chief among the descendants of this ancient family may be mentioned Walter MacFarlane, of MacFarlane, who is justly celebrated as the indefatigable collector of the ancient records of his country, and whose historical writings, according to Mr. Skeen, “form the best monuments to his memory; and as long as the existence of the ancient records of the country, or a knowledge of its ancient history remains an object of interest to any Scotchman, the name of MacFarlane will be handed down as one of its benefactors, which monument will be found more enduring than the barbaric splendour of his warlike countrymen, which has long since faded away, thus showing that it is not the destroyer but the benefactor of his fellow-creatures who is secure of immortality.” In 1815, when but a lad of twelve years of age, Matthew MacFarlane, accompanied his father, James MacFarlane, and other members of the family, to America, and on their arrival settled at Rockland, in Kingston, Kings county, N.B. Some years afterwards, and when the family had grown up, Mr. MacFarlane, sr., left his eldest son, Charles, on the homestead, and removed, with Matthew and his other sons and daughters, to Studholm, in the same county. About the year 1827, being amongst the pioneer settlers of that part of the country, Matthew MacFarlane married Sarah Foster, whose father, Ezekiel Foster, came from New England during the American war. One of his brothers fought at the battle of Lexington, and died in defending what he considered his rights, having espoused the cause of the colonists. Foster MacFarlane, the subject of our sketch, was the fifth child of this marriage, and first saw the light in a log cabin, the common abode of the pioneer farmers of those days. His earliest education was received in the parish school, and was limited to the rudiments of an ordinary English education. At the age of twenty, having passed the required examination before the local board then existing, he received a license to teach in the public school. After teaching for a time, he entered upon a course of study at the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton, and afterwards took a special course for a time at the University of New Brunswick. After leaving the university, he pursued a course in medicine at Harvard University, Cambridge, United States, and was privileged to sit at the feet of such men as Professor Agassiz, Jeffries Wyman, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and E. Brown-Sequard, of Paris, graduating in 1868. He first practised medicine in his native parish for two years and a half. During this time he was appointed by the government a coroner for Kings county. He then removed to Fairville, St. John, N.B., where he has ever since practised his profession. He has been a member of the Senate of the University of New Brunswick since the spring of 1883, and a director of the Union Baptist Education Society since its incorporation. He was one of the promoters of the Dominion Safety Fund Life Association, filling for a number of years the position of director, and is now its medical superintendent. He united about thirty years ago with the Sons of Temperance, and has since belonged to other temperance organizations, being now a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars. He was brought up in connection with the Methodists, but in the year 1858 his views underwent a change, and he united with the Baptists, and is at present a member of the Fairville Baptist church. On July 20, 1868, he was married to Elizabeth A. Babbitt, daughter of Samuel Perry and Phœbe Babbitt, of St. John, N.B. He has five children—one son and four daughters.

Burns, Rev. Robert Ferrier, D.D., Pastor of the Fort Massey Presbyterian church, Halifax, Nova Scotia. This popular minister was born in Paisley, Scotland, on the 23rd of December, 1826. His father was Robert Burns, D.D., and his mother, Janet Orr, daughter of the first provost of Paisley. His mother’s sister, Susan, was mother of Sir Archibald Orr Ewing, baronet, M.P. for Dumbarton. His father had three brothers in the ministry of the Church of Scotland,—namely, Rev. James Burns, who for forty years was minister of the parish of Brechin; Rev. William H. Burns, D.D., Kilsyth; and Rev. George Burns, D.D., first Presbyterian minister of St. John, New Brunswick, afterwards of Tweedsmuir and Corstorphine, Scotland,—and two uncles in the service of their Sovereign—Major-General Islay Ferrier, the last governor of Dumbarton castle, and Sir William Hamilton, baronet, who commanded the marines that pulled the guns up to the Plains of Abraham, in 1759, at the taking of Quebec. Miss Ferrier, author, and friend of Sir Walter Scott, was a second cousin. Rev. Dr. Burns, sr., was pastor for thirty-three years of Dr. Witherspoon’s church (Laigh Kirk and St. George’s), Paisley, and moved to Toronto in 1845, and became the first pastor of Knox’s Church in that city, and professor in Knox’s College. He died at Toronto on the 19th of August, 1869; and his widow on the 22nd of August, 1882. Rev. Dr. Robert Ferrier Burns received his early education at the High school of Paisley, and then entered the University of Glasgow, where he remained four years, taking honours in Latin, Greek, logic, and moral philosophy. He studied theology in the New College (Free Church), Edinburgh, and Knox’s College, Toronto. In April, 1847, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Toronto, and on the 1st of July following he was ordained pastor of Chalmer’s Presbyterian church, Kingston, Ontario. He was Presbyterian chaplain in the 71st Highland Light Infantry for a year. He remained in this charge for eight years, and, during his ministry there, succeeded in having built for his congregation a handsome church edifice. In July, 1855, he moved to St. Catharines, and was settled over Knox Presbyterian church of that place. A fine building was erected by his people for him. Here he ministered until March, 1867, when he accepted a call from the Scotch Presbyterian church in Chicago, United States, to become its first pastor, and, during his residence there of three years, a church was built. In 1866, the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Hamilton College, New York. In April, 1870, he was translated to Côté Street Presbyterian church (now Crescent street), Montreal, as successor to Principal MacVicar, where he did good work. On the 18th of March, 1875, he became pastor of Fort Massey Presbyterian church in Halifax, as successor to the Rev. J. K. Smith, M.A., now of Galt, who for two years had been first pastor of this influential congregation. In 1873, Dr. Burns occupied the position of moderator of the Synod of Montreal, and in 1883 he was moderator of the Synod of the Maritime provinces. During his residence in Montreal he was chairman of the Presbyterian College Board; and, for the past twelve years, has acted as chairman of the Halifax College Board. In 1880 he was sent as a delegate to the Raikes’ centenary celebration in London, and during the same year he represented the Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Canada in the Presbyterian Council at Philadelphia. In 1884 he was a delegate from the same church to the council held in Belfast, Ireland, where he read one of the papers presented to that body, and was appointed one of its executive committee. This year (1887) the doctor has been nominated for the moderatorship of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, which meets in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in June next. Rev. Dr. Burns takes a great interest in Sunday-school work, and was one of the first to advocate the establishment of Sunday-school conventions in Canada, which have done so much of late years to advance this branch of Christian work. As a platform speaker he stands high, and has often spoken on subjects, professional and otherwise, before large audiences. At present he is lecturer on theological themes in the Presbyterian College at Halifax. As a book-writer, too, he has done his share. His life of his father, a volume of nearly five hundred pages, published in Toronto in 1873, soon went through three editions. His other writings, “Sketch of Abraham Lincoln,” “The Presbyterian Church,” “Modern Babylon,” “The Maine Law,” “Christian Liberality,” “Confession and Absolution,” and a variety of sermons and tracts—have all been favourably received, and commanded a good sale. He has also contributed largely to the columns of the newspaper press and our periodicals. Dr. Burns has travelled a good deal, and has visited Great Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, and various other places in Europe, and is very familiar with Canada and the United States. He was married on the 1st of July, 1852, at Belleville, Ontario, to Elizabeth, second daughter of Rufus Holden, M.D., a much esteemed physician, and elder of the Presbyterian church, in Belleville. Dr. Burns has eight children—four sons and four daughters.

Bullock, Joseph, Oil Merchant, St. John, New Brunswick, is a native of Springfield, Ohio, and was born on September 6th, 1833. His father was William Bullock, a native of Staffordshire, England, who came to the United States a few years prior to the birth of Joseph. His mother’s maiden name was Ann Clark Peacock, she being of the Yorkshire family of that ilk. His mother’s parents came out to Ohio about the same time as Mr. Bullock, sr. Mr. Peacock went there to accept the position of engineer for the state of Ohio. Joseph Bullock’s parents removed to Hamilton, Ontario, in the spring of 1834, he then being only a few months old. Two years later they removed to what is now known as Bullock’s Corners, near Dundas, the place taking its name from his father. It was here Mr. Bullock spent his boyhood, and got what education could in those days be procured in the public school of the vicinity. On leaving school he helped his father in his business, which, by the way, was that of lumberman. During the time he was so engaged, he married when in his 25th year, Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac Duffield, a farmer of the township of Glanford, South Wentworth. Two years after his marriage, the lumber business declining, he commenced business as general store-keeper at Bullock’s Corners, which he continued for about three years. After this he settled upon a farm he owned in West Flamboro’, and worked it for two years. His father having died in the meantime, he left West Flamboro’ and took up his residence at the old homestead. Here he remained about three years, travelling occasionally for his brothers-in-law, Duffield Bros., of London, oil refiners. In the year 1869, Confederation being an accomplished fact, Mr. Bullock removed to St. John, New Brunswick, to engage in the oil business, which has now assumed such large proportions. His original intention was to handle Canadian oil exclusively, but as the years rolled on, American products had also to be handled, and he is now the largest dealer in oils in the maritime provinces. In politics, Mr. Bullock is thoroughly independent, voting more on the character of the man than from purely party motives. It is, however, in the religious world that Mr. Bullock is most conspicuous. As a boy he was identified more particularly with the Church of England, but at the age of about twenty years he became a member of the Methodist church, of which he is a consistent and earnest member. Prior to the great fire of 1877, Mr. Bullock was a trustee of the old German Street Methodist Church, the oldest church in the city, and after its destruction by that fire, was chairman of the building committee of the present Queen Square Methodist Church, and of which he still continues a trustee. It was largely to his energy and liberality that the erection of this church was due. He is also a member of the quarterly board of his church, and is one of the board of directors of the British and Foreign Bible Society for the city of St. John. He is a total abstainer, and has been for the most of his life, and is pronounced in favour of the prohibition of the liquor traffic. When Gen. Booth visited St. John, he was the guest of Mr. Bullock. Mr. Bullock has had a family of three children, one of whom is deceased, and the remaining ones, two sons, are associated with him in business.

Binney, Irwine Whitty, Collector of Customs, Port of Moncton, New Brunswick, was born on the 10th of July, 1841, at Halifax, Nova Scotia. He is a son of the late Stephen Binney, who for many years was a leading merchant in Halifax, and who, when the city was incorporated, was elected its first mayor. Mr. Binney, sr., acting as mayor, on the occasion of the birth of the Prince of Wales, visited England, and presented an address to Her Majesty the Queen, signed by a large number of the citizens. This gentleman was grandson of the late Hon. Hibbert N. Binney, who for a period of nearly forty years, filled the office of collector of customs and excise at Halifax, and was also a member of the Legislative Council; and great-grandson of the late Hon. Jonathan Binney, one of the first residents of Halifax, who was a member of the first Legislative Assembly (1758) of the province. He and Frederick des Barras met the Indian chiefs at Arichat, New Brunswick, in 1761, and concluded a lasting peace, and was appointed to the Legislative Council in 1768; second judge at St. John’s Island (near Prince Edward Island); and also collector of customs for the island. I. W. Binney, the subject of this sketch, is brother to William Pryor Binney, Her Britannic Majesty’s consul at Syra, Greece, and was educated at various schools, including the Sackville Academy, New Brunswick, receiving a commercial education. In his younger days he found employment as a clerk in several commercial houses; and from 1861 to 1864, he was in the old established and well known lumber firm of Gilmour, Rankin & Co., Miramichi, New Brunswick. He also carried on a wholesale business at Chatham, New Brunswick, for a few years, and afterwards engaged in mining operations in Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, in company with the late Sir A. J. Smith and others. He was appointed a clerk in Her Majesty’s customs in 1874, and promoted to the collectorship at the port of Moncton, New Brunswick, in 1883. He joined the Freemasons in 1862; was made a Royal-Arch-Mason in 1866, and Knight Templar in 1870. At present he is a past master of Keith lodge of Moncton, New Brunswick. He is an Episcopalian in his religious views. Mr. Binney’s father moved to Moncton, New Brunswick, from Halifax, in 1845, and died there in 1872. Mr. Binney is unmarried, and his mother and widowed sister reside with him.

Berthelot, Hon. Joseph Amable, Judge of the Superior Court of Montreal. This learned judge was born on the 8th of May, 1815, at St. Eustache, county of Two Mountains, by the marriage of Joseph Amable Berthelot, notary, and Dame Marie M. Hervieux. Mr. Berthelot’s father was from Quebec, where he finished his classical studies in 1796, having been the classmate of the late Hon. Judge Thomas Taschereau, the father of his eminence the Cardinal, and also that of the late Hon. Judge Vanfelson, who died in Montreal. Judge Berthelot began his Latin course in 1824, and finished it on the 9th of June, 1832, when at the age of seventeen. The course that year was suddenly terminated, on account of the cholera, the professors having deemed it prudent to send back the scholars to their families in the month of June. In the month of October of the same year he began his legal studies, being indentured with the late Hon. Sir. L. H. Lafontaine, who had married his cousin in 1830. Sir George E. Cartier, who was his classmate at college, also commenced studying law in 1832, in the office of the late Etienne E. Rodier, advocate, M.P.P. for the county of l’Assomption. After being admitted to the bar in November, 1836, he became the partner of Mr. Lafontaine, and continued to practise his profession in such partnership until July, 1853, when Mr. Lafontaine was appointed chief justice of the province of Lower Canada on the demise of the late Sir James Stuart. A few days after, Mr. Berthelot entered into partnership with his friend, the late Sir George E. Cartier, and continued this partnership until he was appointed assistant judge of the Superior Court, succeeding the late Hon. C. D. Day, who was appointed codifier in February, 1859. On Justice Day’s resignation having been accepted by the government, in 1860, Judge Berthelot was immediately appointed permanent judge of the Superior Court. On this occasion, in December, 1860, the bar of Montreal held a meeting in order to express publicly their satisfaction of the appointment of Judge Berthelot to the bench, and adopted resolutions, copies of which were transmitted to the judge, and also published in the newspapers of the day, amongst others in La Minerve. These resolutions read as follow:

The French paper, L’Ordre, made the following comments on the foregoing resolutions:

During the time that Mr. Berthelot practised at the bar, his confrères elected him twice to the dignity of bâtonnier, in 1858 and 1859. Whilst he exercised his duties of judge in Montreal, in the space of fifteen years, he was called upon to perform the same duties of judge at Ste. Scholastique, district of Terrebonne. In February, 1872, he was invited by the members of the bar of that district, numbering seventeen, to a complimentary public dinner by the following resolutions, which were then published in the press:

Judge Berthelot regretted that he could not accept a demonstration which would be so creditable for himself from the bar of the district of Terrebonne, being on the eve of sailing for Europe, during a leave of absence which had been granted to him by the Government for recuperating his health, which was slightly impaired by his strict attendance to his judicial duties. Before his appointment to the bench in 1859, he had been called upon to fulfil the office of assistant judge in Montreal for six months, in 1855 and 1856, during which time the judges of the province had to act as such during the sittings of the Seignorial Court for Lower Canada. On the 28th of November, 1875, his Lordship Archbishop Bourget, intimated to Judge Berthelot that he had just received from Rome a letter from his Excellency Monsignor Roncetti, Ablegate, informing him that His Holiness Pius IX. had been pleased to appoint him Commander of the Order of St. Sylvestre, by an apostolical writ, dated the 24th of September then last, enclosed with the Ablegate’s letter, adding that His Holiness had been so kind and so generous that through the agency of His Eminence Cardinal Antonelli, he had consented to give to Mr. Berthelot himself the decoration of the Commandery of the Order of St. Sylvestre, which he had confided to the care of Mr. Harel, procurator of the archbishop. The newspaper Le Monde, of Paris, France, on the 28th of December, 1875, noticed this honour granted to Judge Berthelot in the following terms:

His Excellency, Monsignor Roncetti, in a letter bearing date of February, 1876, wrote as follows to Judge Berthelot:

In the same month of February, 1876, Judge Berthelot was in receipt of a letter from his Eminence, Cardinal Antonelli, in Italian, which read as follows:

The following particulars about the knighthood are found in the supplement of “Bouillet’s Dictionary,” page 42:

This fact is warranted by photographs of Chief Justices Bovill and Campbell, which Judge Berthelot has in his possession, and which were given him by his friend, Judge Mackay. In a legal review, entitled Albany Law Journal for 1874, in the issue of the 8th of August, we find an article headed, “Article on Campbell’s Lives of Chief Justices,” with the following comments:

In Canada the first person who received a writ of commandership of St. Sylvestre, was the late Sir L. H. Lafontaine, chief justice, in the year 1853. Judge Berthelot was appointed in 1875, as above mentioned. In 1876, after eighteen years of judicial services, he asked and obtained his superannuation, and on this occasion the Montreal Gazette, of the 28th of August, 1876, published the following:

Le Nouveau-Monde, on 29th of August, 1876, reprinting the above article from the Gazette, accompanied it with the following remarks:

Judge Berthelot has since remained in private life, without an occasion to make himself useful to his country. Whilst he was practising at the bar, he had been often requested to enter parliament by several counties of the district of Montreal, and in 1858, when the division of Alma was to elect its first representative in the Legislative Council, he had been requested to be a candidate by a great number of the citizens of the division, one of the two candidates at that time being willing to withdraw in his favour if he accepted the candidature. But Mr. Berthelot had always refused, in order that his partners and friends, Sir L. H. Lafontaine and Sir George E. Cartier, be not deprived of the services he was rendering them, while these statesmen were engaged in political life, with so much credit to themselves and satisfaction for the country. Mr. Berthelot since that time has travelled several times in England, France and Italy, where he has made several friends, with whom he still keeps an active correspondence. In conclusion, we may say that during the second rebellion, in November, 1838, Mr. Berthelot was arrested and sent to gaol without cause or warrant, with many of the best citizens of Montreal, viz., Messieurs Lafontaine, the two Messieurs Viger, M. Papineau, a brother of the speaker, Dr. Lusignan, Mr. Fabre, Mr. DeBoucherville, sr., Amable Badeaux, his cousin, and his young friend Dr. Perreault. The latter was soon let free to attend his young wife. Mr. Berthelot, having inquired, by a letter addressed to Colonel Goldie, secretary of his Excellency the Governor, Sir John Colborne, for the cause of his arrest, expressing by his letter his readiness to be brought to trial, received no written answer, but a few days after was invited to leave the gaol and go to his home. At the same time he had also written to the late Andrew Stuart, solicitor-general, residing at Montreal, with whom he was well acquainted, representing in proper terms against his unjust detention, and always thought that he owed much to the interest of Mr. Stuart for his immediate release. Of Mr. Stuart, the solicitor-general, much can be said; that he was at least equal, if not superior to his brother, the late Sir James Stuart, chief justice of Quebec.

MacLeod, Rev. John M., Presbyterian minister of Zion church, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. This greatly respected divine was born at the West River of Pictou, in the province of Nova Scotia, on the 25th of August, 1827. His father, Ebenezer MacLeod, was also a native of the West River of Pictou. He was a man of fair education, of sound judgment, of extensive information, and of deep and fervent piety. He was for many years an elder in the congregation of Salem, Green Hill, and was secretary of what is claimed to have been the first temperance society in this Dominion. His parents were from Scotland. He was married to Barbara Benvie, daughter of James Benvie, of Musquodoboit, and died in the 82nd year of his age. The subject of this brief sketch, having received a good English education in the common schools of the country, entered a printing office in the town of Pictou, and served a regular apprenticeship to the printing business. He, however, in compliance with the earnest wish of his parents, resumed his studies with a view to the ministry. He entered the Pictou Academy, where for two years he studied Latin, Greek, natural philosophy, and mathematics, under Professors Bell and Hay. About this time the Presbyterian church of Nova Scotia, for the purpose of training a native ministry, opened what was known as the West River Seminary, the head teacher of which was the Rev. James Ross, D.D., afterwards principal of Dalhousie College, Halifax. Mr. MacLeod was one of twelve students who entered the first year this institution was opened. Here he took the regular arts course of four years, and studied theology three years under Rev. John Keir, D.D., and Rev. James Smith, D.D. He was licensed in the spring of 1853, was called to the congregation of Richmond Bay during the following summer, and after taking another term in the Theological Hall, was ordained and inducted into the pastoral charge of the above named congregation on the 9th Nov., 1854, where he laboured with much success for nearly seven years. During the fourth year of his ministry he was married to Amelia Parker, daughter of Francis R. Parker, of Nova Scotia, who for many years was a member of the Provincial legislature. He was married to his present wife, Mrs. L. G. Taylor, in 1879. In 1860 Rev. Mr. MacLeod accepted a call to Newport, Hants county, Nova Scotia, where he continued to labour with acceptance and success for ten years. While in Newport he declined a call to Boston, Massachusetts, and in 1870 accepted one to New Glasgow, Pictou, Nova Scotia. But there being at this time four Presbyterian congregations in the small town of New Glasgow, and Rev. Mr. MacLeod, believing that his labours were more required elsewhere, accepted a call to his present charge, into which he was inducted on the 19th of July, 1871. His labours in this field have been crowned with a fair measure of success. On two different occasions additions of over one hundred and twenty, mostly young persons, were made to the communion roll. Mr. MacLeod is at present clerk of the presbytery. He has held that position for twenty-one years in the Presbytery of Prince Edward Island, and for seven years in the Presbytery of Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Sifton, Hon. John Wright, Brandon, Manitoba, was born in the township of London, county of Middlesex, Ontario, on the 10th August, 1833. He is the youngest son of Bamlet and Mary Sifton, who came from the county of Tipperary, Ireland, in 1832, and settled in London township. His ancestors on both sides were English. He received his education in the public and grammar schools of London. Up until 1860 he devoted his time to farming and other business, when he removed to Oil Springs, in Lambton county, and engaged in the oil business as producer and refiner. Here he purchased a large tract of oil lands immediately surrounding the famous gum beds, and afterwards sold them to an American company. This was the first foreign company that invested in Canadian oil property, and they continued to develop the resources of their territory until the enormous yield of oil at Petrolia made it impossible for them to successfully compete with this more productive locality. In 1870, Mr. Sifton removed to Paris, Brant county, with the object of having his children educated at the grammar school there; and in 1872, in company with his brother, contracted for and built forty miles of the track of the Canada Southern Railway. In 1873, he moved to London, and was appointed secretary of the Oil Association, and this office he held until the association ceased operations. In 1874, in company with two other gentlemen, whose interests he soon after bought out, he was awarded the contract for building and maintaining for five years a telegraph line from the city of Winnipeg to Fort Pelley, and clearing the track a hundred feet wide, for a distance of about three hundred miles, for the then contemplated Canadian Pacific Railway. Although this contract, when it was entered into, appeared to be one likely to give a fair profit, yet it afterwards turned out the opposite way. The fearful wet seasons of 1876, ’77, and ’78, flooded the country for forty miles east of Lake Manitoba, and sixty miles west along the line to, in some places, a depth of six feet, making it impossible to keep the line up, and as the Government refused to make any allowance for this, the loss was very great. Some idea may be formed of the difficulty of performing work in this country at that time, when we state that, one winter, provisions having ran out at one of Mr. Sifton’s camps, he had to send supplies by dog-trains 160 miles, and then have it carried on men’s backs, 60 miles further, making it to cost twelve cents per pound freight from Winnipeg to the camp, and at no time during the best part of the season could he deliver the same goods at their destination for less than five cents per pound freight. In 1875, the firm of Sifton, Ward & Co. were awarded the contracts for sections thirteen and fourteen of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and Mr. Sifton, the senior member of the firm, undertook charge of section fourteen, which commenced at Red River, and extended a distance of seventy-seven miles to Cross Lake. During this time he removed to Manitoba, settling at Selkirk, and here he remained until the completion of his telegraph and railroad contracts. The money involved in these two operations amounted to about a million and a half dollars. In 1879, he took up his abode in Winnipeg, where he purchased some real estate outside the city limits, and erected for himself a fine residence. Taking advantage of the “boom of 1881,” he sold out this property and moved to Brandon, where he now resides. Here he has invested a considerable sum of money in farming lands, and for four years succeeded in raising in each year from 10,000 to 18,000 bushels of grain. But the years of frost (1883, ’84, ’85) having made the raising of wheat or grain in large quantities a risky business, and the collapse in values of all kinds of property, especially real estate, have forced Mr. Sifton to suspend business operations in this direction for the present. However, from his experience of over twelve years in the North-West country, and a thorough practical knowledge of farming, he thinks that although extensive farming has been in the past, and may prove in the future from certain causes, a failure, when compared with Ontario, yet he is impressed with the idea that it cannot be equalled on this continent for fertility; always providing, however, that the present hindrances to its prosperity be removed. What Mr. Sifton wants for his country is fair competition in freights; the abolition of all monopoly; readjustment of our present tariff, so that it may have the same chance as Ontario; a reasonable homestead law that will not be changed every year, and pre-emptions at such a price that the settler can meet it in a reasonable time. If these concessions were made, he thinks the North-West would make such strides onward that the most sanguine of us would fail to realize. Mr. Sifton, during his busy life, has devoted time to other things besides purely business matters. In 1852, he became a member of the Order of the Sons of Temperance, and in 1854, he also joined the Good Templars, and has kept up his connection with these active temperance organizations to the present time. In 1867, he became one of the United Templars, and from 1876 to 1883 he acted in the capacity of president of their Grand Lodge in Manitoba. He was grand worthy chief templar of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba of the Independent Order of Good Templars in 1884, and is at present president of the Manitoban Branch of the Dominion Alliance for the suppression of the liquor traffic, and has been since its formation in 1879. He took the leading part in the contest for the Scott Act, when it was passed in the counties of Lisgar and Marquette. These counties extend over about three quarters of the old province of Manitoba. The act was carried by very large majorities,—more than two to one voting in its favour; but on account of the vagueness of the meaning of some of its provisions in reference to counties in Manitoba, and the impossibility of getting it amended, it still remains a dead letter. In politics, Mr. Sifton is a Liberal. In 1878, he received the unanimous nomination of the Liberal party for the Commons for the county of Lisgar, and organized and carried on the campaign up to the memorable day, the 17th of September, 1878. The 18th being nomination day in Manitoba, and the news reaching there of the defeat of the Mackenzie government, his committee had a hurried meeting on the morning before nomination, and decided that it would be better for the county if he would withdraw, and allow a supporter of the Macdonald government to be elected by acclamation, and this he consented to do. In the fall of the same year he received the nomination for the Local House for the electoral division of St. Clemens, and was elected by a large majority, and on the assembling of the house he was elected speaker. During the sitting of this parliament a redistribution bill was passed, giving the new settlers something like fair representation, which they had not hitherto enjoyed. At the next general election he ran for one of the new electoral divisions, and was defeated. In 1881, when the province was enlarged, he ran for the division of Brandon and was elected. In the general election of 1883 he was defeated; and again at the last general election for the division of West Brandon he met the same fate by a small majority. Mr. Sifton was reeve of Oil Springs and a member of the County council of Lambton during the years 1867, ’68 and ’69. He was chairman of the school board of same place in 1868-69, and was reeve of the municipality of Cornwallis for 1885-86, but declined the nomination in 1887. He has been a justice of the peace for the province since 1875. He has travelled over the whole of the Dominion of Canada, and is familiar with all parts of the United States north and south, and as far west as Omaha. Mr. Sifton is a member of the Methodist church from choice. Before the union he was a Wesleyan Methodist, and since then his opinions have not changed much on religious subjects, except that he has more confidence in those who differ from him in church affairs than he had in his younger days, and now has a greater love for and confidence in the teachings and doctrines of the church of his choice. He was a member of the General conference of 1882, and a member of the committee appointed by that conference to confer with committees appointed by other branches of the Methodist church on union. He was strongly in favour of union, and was a member of the conference held in Belleville when the union was consummated. At the conference in 1882, he took the leading part in having Manitoba and the North-West set apart as a separate annual conference, which was agreed to at that conference. He was also a member of the General conference held in Toronto in 1886. He is now a member of the general board of missions of the Methodist church, and has been a member of the local board of missions in the Manitoba and the North-West conference since its formation. He has also been a member of Manitoba and North-West annual conference since the admission of laymen, and is president of the Brandon branch of the Upper Canada Bible Society. He has always been actively engaged in Sabbath school and church work, and is superintendent of the Brandon Sabbath-school. And as for temperance work, he has spent much time and labour in this direction, and has spoken in almost every section of the country on the subject. He was married 1st October, 1853, to Kate, third daughter of James and Sarah Watkins, of Parsonstown, King’s county, Ireland, and has three children living. His oldest and only daughter, Sophia, was educated at Hamilton Female College, and is married to A. N. Molesworth, civil engineer, now construction engineer for the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railway Co. His oldest son, Arthur Lewis, graduated from Cobourg University in arts, studied law in Manitoba, was called to the bar in 1882, and is now practising law in Prince Albert. His youngest son, Clifford, graduated from Cobourg, and is a gold medallist; he studied law in Manitoba, was called to the bar in 1882 in his twenty-second year, and is now practising law at Brandon.

Armstrong, Rev. W. D., M.A., Ph. D., Pastor of St. Paul’s (Presbyterian) Church, Ottawa, Ontario, was born at Cavan, Durham county, Ontario, on the 28th of July, 1845, and is the son of John D. Armstrong, yeoman, of that place. After a preliminary education in the schools of his native place, he entered Upper Canada College, and soon attained to a front place in his classes. At the close of his term he carried off the Governor-General’s prize, and the classical, the mathematical, and modern language prizes. He then entered the Toronto University, and graduated from that institution in 1870, the silver medallist in metaphysics and ethics, and prizeman in Hebrew, Chaldee and Syriac. During his course in the university he also obtained a number of scholarships and prizes in various departments. After leaving Toronto University he took a course in theology in Knox (Presbyterian) College, Toronto, where he likewise distinguished himself. On the 14th of May, 1874, he was ordained pastor of his present charge, and has continued ever since (with one short break, when he was sent to Great Britain in 1883 for a few months, in the interest of the French Canadian missions), as the faithful exponent of Christ’s message of love to the world, greatly appreciated and esteemed by his congregation. In 1886, the Boston University conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Rev. Dr. Armstrong has a strong liking for literature, and amidst his various arduous parish cares and duties, has found time to contribute a good many articles to the newspaper press, and publish several sermons. On the 29th of September, 1886, he married Jean W., daughter of Henry J. Johnston, of Montreal, a very accomplished lady, and one who has proved a true helper to him as minister of a large congregation.

Guthrie, Donald, Q.C., M.P.P. for South Wellington, Guelph, Ontario, was born on the 8th May, 1840, in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was Hugh Guthrie, and his mother, Catharine Macgregor, sister of Patrick Macgregor, M.A., barrister-at-law, Toronto, a distinguished Gaelic and general scholar. Mr. Guthrie received his early education in his native city, and, when about fourteen years of age, he left his fatherland. He reached Toronto in August, 1854. Here he entered the office of the Hon. Oliver Mowat, as a junior clerk; and afterwards became managing clerk for John Helliwell, barrister. In 1859 he left Toronto and settled in Guelph as managing clerk for Fergusson & Kingsmill, barristers. The Hon. Fergusson-Blair, one of the partners of the firm, having retired in December, 1863, Mr. Guthrie was admitted into partnership, and the name of the firm was changed to Kingsmill and Guthrie. Under this style the business was carried on until Mr. Kingsmill was appointed judge of the County Court of Bruce, in January, 1867, when Mr. Guthrie became head of the firm, and has continued such ever since, the firm now being known as Guthrie and Watt. Mr. Guthrie was admitted an attorney in 1863; barrister in 1866, passing his examinations with distinction; and, in March, 1876, was created a Queen’s counsel by the Lieut.-Governor of Ontario, and by the Governor-General of Canada, October, 1885. In December, 1882, he was elected a bencher of the Law Society, and was re-elected for five years in April, 1886. Since 1863 he has been solicitor for the county of Wellington, and also for the same period he has been solicitor for the city of Guelph, and acts in this capacity for several other municipalities, banks, etc. He has been president of the Guelph Gas Company since its incorporation in 1870; is a director of the Guelph Junction Railway Company, and of the Wellington Hotel Company. He occupied the position of treasurer of the St. Andrew’s Society of Guelph, from 1862 to 1869, and in 1870 was chosen its president. Mr. Guthrie was elected a member of the House of Commons in 1876, as representative for South Wellington, and served until the general election in 1878, when he presented himself for re-election, and was returned by 303 majority. He continued in the House of Commons until the general election of 1882, when he voluntarily retired from active political life, with the view of devoting his whole attention for some years to his professional duties. However, in 1886, he once more sought parliamentary honours, and the sturdy Liberals of South Wellington sent him to the Ontario legislature as their representative on the 28th of December in the same year, by the handsome majority of 671. Mr. Guthrie was selected in February, 1877, to move the reply to the speech from the throne in the House of Commons; and on the 2nd March, 1887, he moved the reply to the Lieut.-Governor’s address in the Ontario legislature. While in the House of Commons—1876-78—Mr. Guthrie was a supporter of Mr. Mackenzie’s government, and was an active member of the special committee appointed to inquire into the affairs of the Northern Railway Company. This committee sat for several weeks, took an immense mass of evidence, and made an exhaustive report, which enabled the government to secure from the railway company a large sum in place of moneys improperly expended in elections, etc. Mr. Guthrie was also an active member of the Committee of Privileges and Elections at the time when it investigated the charges against Mr. Speaker Anglin, and other members, for alleged breaches of the Independence of Parliament Act. After the defeat of Mr. Mackenzie’s government in 1878, Mr. Guthrie, with his political friends, went into opposition. He actively opposed the new government on the tariff, the Letellier matter, the Canadian Pacific Railway contract, the disallowance of the Streams Bill, the Gerrymander Act, etc. Mr. Guthrie is a member of the Presbyterian church. On the 17th of December, 1863, he was married in Montreal to Eliza Margaret MacVicar, youngest daughter of John MacVicar, formerly of Dunglass, Argyleshire, Scotland, and latterly of Chatham, Ontario. Mrs. Guthrie is a sister of the Rev. D. H. MacVicar, D.D., LL.D., principal of the Presbyterian College, Montreal, and of the Rev. Dr. Malcolm MacVicar, professor of theology in the Toronto Baptist College (McMaster Hall), Toronto.

Hinson, Rev. Walter, Pastor of the First Baptist Church, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born at Chesham, England, on the 14th of May, 1858, and came to Canada in 1879. His father, Thomas Hinson, and mother, Mary Benwell, are both alive, and are residing in Hertfordshire, Eng.; he has a brother and sister in London. Rev. Mr. Hinson was educated at Hulme Cliff College in Derbyshire, and Harley House, East London, England. He studied for the ministry, and was ordained in 1880. He is a member of the Eastern New Brunswick Baptist Association, and the church of which he is pastor is one of the most important centres of religious activity in the district. It has a membership of between six and seven hundred, and over four hundred scholars in its Sunday-school. For general benevolence and Christian aggressiveness its record is good. Rev. Mr. Hinson has always been a total abstainer, and from early youth connected with temperance societies. He is at present a member of the Moncton Division, Sons of Temperance, and is considered one of the most aggressive of the temperance army in New Brunswick. Mr. Hinson was brought up among the Baptists, and very naturally feels greatly at home in, and is one of the leading lights of, the denomination. In the pulpit he possesses a peculiar power, his manner and matter being forcible and original, and we have no doubt there is a great future of usefulness before this young and rising divine. He was married in July, 1886, to Jennie A. Austin, of Herts, England.

Allison, Charles F.—The late Charles F. Allison, of Sackville, New Brunswick, who was born on the 25th of January, 1795, and died the 20th of November, 1858, at the age of sixty-three years, was the second son of James Allison, whose father, Joseph Allison, of Newton Limavady, county of Londonderry, Ireland, emigrated to Nova Scotia in 1769, and settled at Horton, Kings county, where he continued to reside until his death in 1794. James Allison married and settled at Cornwallis, where he lived and died at the ripe age of ninety years. Here Charles F. was born, and received his education at the Grammar school, and in 1812 moved to Parrsboro’, where he found employment as a clerk in the establishment of James Ratchford until 1817, when he went to Sackville, New Brunswick, and entered into partnership with the late Hon. William Crane, in a general mercantile business, and in this he continued until 1840. On the 4th of January, 1839, Mr. Allison addressed a letter to the chairman of the New Brunswick district of Wesleyan ministers, in which he proposed “to purchase an eligible site and erect suitable buildings in Sackville, in the county of Westmoreland, for the establishment of a school, in which not only the elementary, but the higher branches of education may be taught, and to be altogether under the management and control of the British conference in connection with the Wesleyan missionaries in these provinces;” and he proposed to give £100 ($400) per annum for ten years towards the support of the school. This generous offer having been accepted, he made arrangements to proceed with the erection of a suitable edifice for the academy—the corner-stone of which was laid on the 9th of July, 1840, and from that time to the close of his life in 1858, he devoted a large share of his time and business talent to watching over and promoting the financial interests of the educational enterprise which, under his fostering care, developed wonderfully. In addition to the $20,000 which he had given to establish the older branch of the institution, he gave $4,000 to aid in the erection of the ladies’ branch, which was opened in 1854; and in his will he left $2,000 for the academies, and $1,000 for the college whenever it should be organized. So that of the moderate fortune which he had accumulated before retiring from mercantile life in 1840, at least $30,000 were employed in founding and establishing the educational institutions which bear his name, and which stand as the enduring monument of the far-seeing wisdom and liberality of this unselfish Christian patriot. Mr. Allison was married to Milcah, daughter of John and Anne Trueman, on June 23rd, 1840. Mrs. Allison survived him, but died on the 14th of June, 1884. Mary, their only child, was born 1st Sept., 1847, and died 1st Jan., 1871. At the date of Mr. Allison’s demise, The Borderer, a local weekly paper, thus kindly alluded to him:

In The Provincial Wesleyan, of the same week, published at Halifax, Nova Scotia, a similar notice of Mr. Allison’s death appeared, in which the writer said:

The Mount Allison Academic Gazette, in its first issue after the death of Mr. Allison, said:

The board of trustees of the institution, at a special meeting held on 6th Jan., 1859, passed the following resolutions, among others:

Resolutions of a similar character were passed by the Wesleyan Methodist Conference of Eastern British America at its next ensuing annual session. See published minutes for the year 1859, pp. 21-22.

Senkler, William Stevens, Judge of the County Court of the County of Lanark, Perth, is an Englishman by birth, having been born at Docking, Norfolk county, England, on the 15th of January, 1838. His father was the Rev. Edmund John Senkler, M.A., of Cains College, Cambridge, a clergyman of the Church of England; and his mother was Eleanor Elizabeth Stevens, daughter of the Rev. William Stevens, M.A., Oxon, of Sedberg, Yorkshire, England. The parents of Judge Senkler, with their family of nine children, came to Canada in May, 1843, and resided in the city of Quebec, where the Rev. Mr. Senkler occupied for some time the position of rector of the High School. He then moved to Sorel, and in September, 1847, to Brockville, at which place he died on the 28th of October, 1872, Mrs. Senkler following him to the grave on the 16th of March, 1873. Judge Senkler was educated by his father, and commenced life in mercantile pursuits; but afterwards studied law with the Hon. A. N. Richards, late lieutenant-governor of British Columbia, and also with the Hon. Edward Blake. During the Michaelmas term of 1860, he was admitted as solicitor; and was called to the bar in Trinity term, 1861. He then began the practice of the law in Brockville, first, with J. D. Buell, then with Hon. A. N. Richards, and lastly, with his brother, Edmund John Senkler (now county judge of Lincoln), down to December, 1873, when he was appointed by the Mackenzie government, judge of the County Court of the county of Lanark. On the 15th of October, 1875, he was appointed master in chancery at Perth, by the judges of that court. On the 10th of October, 1877, referee of titles by the judges of the Court of Chancery. On the 14th of March, 1882, he was made local judge of the High Court of Justice for Ontario; and on the 26th of October, 1885, he was appointed to the position of revising officer for the south riding of Lanark by the Macdonald government. Judge Senkler has taken an active interest in military matters, and helped to organize the Brockville Light Infantry Company, which now forms part of the 42nd battalion. He held the rank of ensign in his company. True to the traditions of his house, the judge is a member of the Church of England, and served as church warden in St. Peter’s Church, Brockville, and St. James’ Church, Perth, for several years. He has also acted in the capacity of lay delegate to the Synod of the diocese of Ontario from St. James’ Church, Perth. Judge Senkler was married on the 21st of May, 1862, by the late Rev. Dr. Adamson, in the Episcopal Cathedral, Quebec, to Honor Tett, daughter of the late Benjamin Tett, of Newboro’, Ontario, who at that time represented South Leeds in the parliament of Canada, and who sat for the same riding in the first parliament of Ontario. The issue of this marriage has been two daughters and one son. Judge Senkler is a hale and hearty man, and we predict for him a long life of usefulness.

Hill, Andrew Gregory, Police Magistrate, Niagara Falls, was born on the 23rd of September, 1834, in the township of Clinton, county of Lincoln, Ontario. His ancestors were among the pioneers of the province. They came to this country immediately after the revolutionary war of 1776, and took up land as U. E. loyalists. The township of Clinton was then an unbroken wilderness, without a habitation, and without a road, save the track of the red man. Newark, now Niagara, about twenty-five miles distant, was the nearest village, and the only practicable means of reaching it was by boat down the lake. It is difficult for us now to realize the privations that the early settlers had to undergo, especially when we consider the severity of the winters, the proximity of the Indian bands, and the inaccessible condition of the country. Even in later years when small plots of land were reduced to a state of cultivation, they were compelled to manufacture their own meal by the most primitive methods. Solomon Hill was one of the second generation after these pioneers, and in 1833 he married Eleanor Gregory, also the descendant of a U. E. loyalist family. Andrew Gregory Hill was the eldest child of this marriage. Both his grandsires bore arms in the war of 1812, and were both severely wounded. Solomon Hill, his father, served with the militia in the rebellion of 1837, but privately sympathized with the patriot cause, and in later years became a great admirer of William Lyon MacKenzie, the patriot leader. Andrew was brought up to farm life, attending the public school in winter, and assisting his father in summer. At the age of eighteen he was sent to Victoria College, Cobourg, where he subsequently graduated in arts and in law, having in the meantime taught school for nearly two years in order to provide funds with which to prosecute his studies. He subsequently studied law in Cobourg, and afterwards in St. Catharines, and lastly with the late Adam Crooks, at one time minister of education for the province of Ontario, in Toronto. Mr. Hill was admitted to practice in 1862, and called to the bar in 1864. He commenced practice in St. Catharines, but only continued there a few months, when he entered into partnership with Warren Rock, late of London, and removed to Welland. Here he practised for more than ten years. He took an active interest in all local matters, being for many years in succession a member of the school board, the village council, the county council, and the county board of education. In 1864, Mr. Hill became identified with the local press, and shortly afterwards started The Welland Tribune, which paper at once became, and has since continued to be, the organ of the Reform party in the county. In 1872 Mr. Hill, being an active politician, was nominated by the Reform party of the county of Welland for the House of Commons, in opposition to the late Mr. Street, a tory, who had held the county for many years, but was defeated. In 1874 he was appointed police magistrate for the town of Niagara Falls, under the special “Act to provide for the better government of that part of Ontario situate in the vicinity of the Falls of Niagara,” which position he has held since that time. His administration in that capacity has been prompt and vigorous—some of his judgments being regarded by many as severe—but in consequence of the bold stand he took as a magistrate, he soon brought about a beneficial change in the locality, and drove away large numbers of the criminal class who formerly infested the neighbourhood. Notwithstanding his appointment as police magistrate, he still continued to practise his profession, and in 1886 was appointed solicitor for the town of Niagara Falls, for the Imperial bank of Canada at Niagara Falls, and for the Niagara Falls Street Railway Company. In 1865 Mr. Hill married Isabel Thompson, daughter of Archibald Thompson, of Stamford, who was for many years treasurer of the county of Welland, and whose ancestors were among the earliest settlers of this county.

Anderson, Alexander, Principal of the Prince of Wales College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, was born at Aberdeen, Scotland, 30th September, 1836. His father, Alexander Anderson, and his mother, Margaret Imray, belonged to families residing in the adjacent parishes of Banchory Ternan and Midmar. Until 1854, he attended school in the town of Aberdeen. The six or seven years prior to that date were passed under the tuition of William Rattray, an educationist of considerable repute in the north of Scotland. Government grants and inspection were then in their infancy, and Mr. Rattray was one of the first in that quarter to hail the advent of a system which, sooner or later, was bound to develop into a national scheme of education. From Aberdeen, Mr. Anderson proceeded to Edinburgh to the Training College at Moray House, having gained the first scholarship at the annual competition held in that city. At this institution he remained two years. Moray House was then under the able rectorship of James Sime, one of the best scholars and most enthusiastic teachers of whom Scotland could then boast, and was, during his incumbency, several times reported as the best college of its kind in Great Britain. When Mr. Anderson finished his course at the Training College, he was selected as an assistant master in the public school in connection with it. He held this position for more than two years, and only resigned it to complete his studies at the university. At the University of Edinburgh, whose classes he attended for four years, his career was distinguished. In the classes of mathematics and natural philosophy he took the first place, and in both was bracketed with another for the Straton gold medals, at that time the highest mathematical honours conferred by the university. In the spring of 1862, the proposal was made, through the rector of the Training College, that he should take the second professorship in the Prince of Wales College. This appointment he accepted, and proceeded to Prince Edward Island in November of that year. In 1868 he was appointed principal, and on the amalgamation of the Prince of Wales College and Normal School, principal of the united institutions, and a member of the Board of Education. On the schools of Prince Edward Island, Mr. Anderson has made a marked and lasting impress, which is every year deepening. His remarkable accuracy of information, his thorough scholarship, and his enthusiastic devotion to the cause of education, have had a most astonishing effect in arousing an interest in the public schools throughout the province. In addition to this, his integrity of purpose, his high sense of honour, and his love of truth, have been instilled into the minds of his pupils, and made effective through that extraordinary force of character which has rendered all his teaching so impressive. He has a wonderful tact in finding out and developing talent in his pupils, and many a young man has been started by him in a career of usefulness and distinction, who might otherwise have remained unknown. Two of Mr. Anderson’s pupils won, successively, the Gilchrist scholarship. The highest honours in the Maritime provinces are generally gained by students from his classes. During the twenty-four years Mr. Anderson has been in the province, he may be said to have taken the leading part in every forward movement in the cause of education.

Reddin, James Henry, Barrister, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, was born at Kew, Surrey, England, on the 9th January, 1852. He is the eldest son of James Reddin, formerly a merchant in Charlottetown, but now holding the position of Government inspector of weights and measures for Prince Edward Island. His mother, Louisa Anna Matthews, was a daughter of John Matthews, a retired London merchant, and a freeman of that city, related through his marriage with the widow of Henry Monk, a scion of the family of Monk, of Albemarle, to the Kershaws, Millers, Chadwicks, and other well known commercial families of Liverpool and Manchester. James Reddin’s father, Dennis Reddin, was the son of a manufacturer in Carrick-on-Suir, Tipperary county, Ireland, by his marriage with Miss O’Meara, a daughter of an old established family in the south of Ireland. Dennis Reddin emigrated to Prince Edward Island during the latter portion of the eighteenth century, and having been possessed of a better education than most Irish settlers of his day, he taught school for some time on the island. He afterwards became engaged in mercantile pursuits, notably in the building of ships, in which he was very successful until the year 1847, when a great fall took place in this class of property, and he, like many other shipbuilders, became involved in the common ruin that ensued. The Reddin family have been for nearly a century the leading Irish Catholic family of Prince Edward Island, and one of the sons of the late Dennis Reddin has successively held the position of solicitor-general and attorney-general of the province, and is at present a county court judge,—he being the first Roman Catholic in Prince Edward Island appointed to a judicial office. James Henry Reddin, the subject of this sketch, was educated at a private school, and then at the Prince of Wales and St. Dunstan’s Colleges. After leaving school he occupied for some time the position of clerk in his father’s office, and when that gentleman gave up business, he commenced the study of law with his uncle, Richard Reddin, and continued it in the office of the Hon. Neil McLeod. In July, 1885, he was admitted an attorney of the supreme court, and a barrister the following year. Mr. Reddin has been connected with several literary societies, has written on various occasions for the press, and delivered before the public lectures on literary and other subjects. Mr. Reddin’s father is a Roman Catholic, and he has followed in his footsteps; his mother, however, was a member of the Episcopal church. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. In conclusion, we may add that Mr. Reddin’s father for many years filled the position of president of the Benevolent Irish Society, established by Lieut.-Governor Ready in 1825, and on his retirement from office was elected patron of the society in the room of the deceased Hon. Daniel Brenan.

Galbraith, Rev. William, B.C.L., LL.B., Pastor of the Methodist church, Orillia, was born in the township of North Monaghan, three miles from Peterboro’, on 13th of July, 1842. His parents, William Galbraith and Mary MacGlennon, were both natives of Ireland. His mother is a woman of strong mind and great force of character, and her son has inherited from her those qualities which have made him a power in the church. The subject of this sketch was converted at the age of eleven years, and united himself with the Wesleyan Methodist church, and has continued connected with that body of Christians ever since. He received his education for the ministry at Victoria College, Cobourg, and when only seventeen years of age was licensed as a local preacher. In June, 1861, before he was nineteen years old, he entered the ministry, and was ordained in June, 1865. While doing the work of a heavy city appointment, he took up the law course in McGill College, Montreal, and in 1875 received the degree of B.C.L. In 1881 he received the degree of LL.B. from Victoria College. Rev. Mr. Galbraith has been delegate at four general conferences; chairman of a district for seven years; was the last president of the Montreal Conference of the Methodist church of Canada, and the first president of the Montreal Conference of the Methodist church after the union in 1884. Apart from his pulpit duties, the Rev. Mr. Galbraith has taken a deep interest in the educational work of the church, and has contributed liberally to the support of Victoria College, Stanstead Wesleyan College, and the Wesleyan Theological College, Montreal. He has been twice married. His first wife was Hettie Howell, the only child of Isaac Reid and Nancy Howell, of Jerseyville, Ontario. She died when only thirty years of age, leaving three children. His second wife is Kate Breden, daughter of John Breden, Kingston, Ontario.

Craig, James, B.A., Barrister, Renfrew, Ontario, was born at Inveraray, Scotland, on the 31st of July, 1851. He is son of George Craig, of Arnprior, Ontario. This gentleman was born at Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and his wife, Annie Clark, was born at Daviot in the same county, and Mrs. Craig, sen., is sister of the Rev. Professor William Clark, of Trinity College, Toronto. Mr. Craig, sen., came to Canada in 1854, and after residing in Ottawa city for about three years, settled in Arnprior in 1857, where he has since resided. For many years he has been a prominent justice of the peace there. James Craig studied in McGill College, Montreal, and graduated in arts in 1874. In the same year he was articled to W. A. Ross, then barrister in Ottawa, and now county court judge for the county of Carleton, and was called to the bar and sworn in as solicitor in May 1878. In this year he began to practise his profession in Pembroke, but shortly afterwards moved to Renfrew, where he has since resided and practised with considerable success. Mr. Craig has always taken an active interest in public affairs, and was for over four years president of the Mechanics’ Institute, and occupied a similar position in the Curling Club. He is now master of Renfrew Masonic lodge. Mr. Craig is a Presbyterian, and in politics a Reformer, and is likely some day to sit in one of our legislative assemblies. He was married in New York city on the 22nd of May, 1879, to Lizzie Olivier, daughter of the late Judge E. S. Macpherson, and Elizabeth Balmer Penton, who was a daughter of William Penton, of Pentonville, England. Mr. Penton, the grandfather of Mrs. Craig, was a man owning considerable property in England, and occupied a good social position, but having taken a strange dislike to the monarchical form of government that the people of Great Britain are so proud of, he embarked in 1835 with all his family, servants, and effects to the United States of America. After residing there for some time he was induced by Lord Gosford, then governor-general of Canada, and an old friend of his, to come and settle in Her Majesty’s possessions. To this he consented, and took up his abode in Port Hope, on Lake Ontario; but feeling dissatisfied, he again returned to his favourite republic, and fixed his home at Utica, New York State, where he died. His descendants are very numerous, and during the late war many of them were found fighting on opposite sides. His grandson, a Federal officer, on one occasion chased his uncle, a Confederate colonel, with a view of taking him prisoner.

Smith, John H., Manager of the Mercantile Agency of R. G. Dun & Co., Buffalo; though a resident of that city, may be fairly claimed as a Canadian, and one who has done honour to his country. Born in Portsmouth, England, June, 1840, when but five years of age he came with his parents to Canada, and the family settled in Kingston on their arrival. Scarcely had ten summers passed over his head, when both parents died, leaving behind them very little means. Until he was seventeen years of age he resided in the Limestone City, in the meantime attending the public school, which he left when he had attained his thirteenth year, and then made a living by acting in the capacity of clerk in various stores and in a law office. In 1857 he came to Toronto, and having resolved to learn a trade of some kind, he decided on becoming a printer, and apprenticed himself to the Globe office. In this establishment he acted in the capacity of compositor and proofreader until 1863, when he gave up printing, and accepted a position in the mercantile agency of R. G. Dun & Co. (now Dun, Wiman & Co.). At this time Erastus Wiman was the manager of the Toronto branch of the firm, and Mr. Smith first met Mr. Wiman in the Globe office, where, like himself, he had been an employee, and since then the warmest friendship has continued to exist between them. Mr. Smith, through strict attention to his duties, soon won the respect of his employers, and in 1866 he was sent to the city of Buffalo to open a branch office there. Since then he has managed the business so well that it has grown to large proportions, and not only does he continue to take charge of the Buffalo office, but he has nine other branches under his superintendence. Mr. Smith, having a large capacity for work, and realizing the great truth that the world had claims upon him outside the narrow walls of his office, took an active interest in the welfare of his adopted city, and we now find him greatly interested in several public projects. Among others in two land companies that have for their object the development and settlement of several hundred acres of land in the northern part of Buffalo, just adjoining the beautiful park the citizens of Buffalo are so justly proud of. This piece of land is now being laid out in villa park lots, under the supervision of Frederick Law Olmsted, the celebrated Boston landscape architect and surveyor, and it is expected that in a very few years this section of the city will be taken up and built upon by the more wealthy of the inhabitants. Mr. Smith is also interested with Mr. Wiman in his Staten Island enterprises, and his movement for bringing the Baltimore and Ohio Railway into the city of New York. Through his business ability and tact, Mr. Smith has acquired a large amount of wealth, and is now reckoned as one of the rich men of Buffalo; yet he does not forget the land in which his early days were spent, and where he struggled so hard to get on. We, therefore, find him spending a month with his family each summer among the islands and lakes of the Muskoka district, or at Gananoque and the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence, where he enjoys the sports that those regions so abundantly supply. Mr. Smith is still a favourite among his Canadian friends, and whenever he finds time to pay a visit to Toronto or other city where he is well known he is always heartily welcomed by them. He is a member of several clubs in Buffalo, among others the “Idlewood” and the “Oakfield,” and is also an honorary member of several of our Canadian clubs. Mr. Smith has been an industrious and hence a successful man, and his example cannot fail to prove an incentive to many a young Canadian now setting out to battle with the world. He married, in 1863, Jane Reeves, of Toronto, and has now a family of eight children.

Cairns, Thomas, Postmaster, Perth, county of Lanark, Ontario, is an Irishman by birth, having been born on the 4th of May, 1828, in the county of Fermanagh. He was educated in a private school in his native place, and in 1851 he came to Canada, and settled in Perth. Shortly after his arrival he took a position in the British Standard newspaper office, in which place he remained for some time. In 1861 he established the Perth Expositor. This paper he managed for about five years, when as a reward for his industry as a public man, he was appointed postmaster of Perth in January, 1866. Mr. Cairns is a member of the Board of Education of Perth, and is a member of the Methodist church. It is almost needless to add that Mr. Cairns is highly respected by the people among whom he has lived for over thirty-five years, and is a faithful public servant.

Cairns, George Frederick, Barrister and Solicitor, Smith’s Falls, county of Lanark, Ontario, was born in Perth, county of Lanark, on the 27th October, 1857, and is a son of Thomas Cairns, postmaster of Perth, his mother being Jane Meuary. He received his education in the High School of Perth, his native place. After leaving school he decided to make law his profession, and with this object in view he entered, in 1879, the office of F. A. Hall, barrister, Perth, where he spent a few years. Then in 1882 he went to Toronto, and entering the office of Watson, Thorne & Smellie, barristers, of that city, he finished his legal education with them, and was called to the bar in February, 1884. The same year he went to Smith’s Falls, where he now successfully practises his profession. Mr. Cairns is a rising man, and we have no doubt he will soon reflect great credit on his country. He is a member of the Methodist church.

Wright, Aaron A., of the firm of Barr & Wright, General Merchants, Renfrew, Ontario. This gentleman, who is one of the bulwarks of the Reform party in Central Ontario, was born near Farmersville, county of Leeds, June 6th, 1840. He comes of U. E. loyalist stock, his grandfather and grandmother on both sides being U. E. loyalists. His father, Israel Wright, was a native of Leeds county, and his mother as well, her maiden name being Stevens, a daughter of Abel Stevens. Our subject was educated in a public school of his native country, and also in a select school under John B. Holmes. In 1864 Mr. Wright entered the Normal School, Toronto, and obtained a first-class certificate there. After this he became head master of the Gananoque Public School. In 1866 he entered the Military College at Montreal, and obtained a first-class military certificate of the highest grade. Soon afterwards he succeeded in obtaining a first-class Model School certificate for French and English for Lower Canada. Late in the same year he was appointed principal of the Model School at Lachine, and the Fenian troubles of that time impelled him to organize the Lachine company of light infantry, of which he was gazetted captain. These positions he held until his removal to Renfrew, in 1870, where he entered mercantile pursuits, which still engage his attention. Mr. Wright, ever since his settlement in Renfrew, has always taken an active interest in all matters relating to the welfare of the village and county. When he first came the place was entirely without railway communication, and he soon became prominent in an agitation to extend the line of the Canada Central to that point; the terminus at that time being at Sand Point, some sixteen miles distant. Mr. Wright addressed meetings, organized deputations, &c., until the point was carried and Renfrew was made the terminus of the road. Since that time, however, the Canada Central has become merged in the vast system of the Canadian Pacific. This was not by any means all of Mr. Wright’s railroad experience, for when the Kingston and Pembroke line was mooted, he took a lively interest in the scheme, which is now completed from Kingston to Renfrew. In politics, Mr. Wright is an ardent supporter of the Mowat government and of Mr. Blake. When the Reform Association for the south riding of Renfrew was organized, in 1875 or 1876, Mr. Wright was elected first vice-president, which position he holds to this day. He has often been urged to allow his name to be used for parliamentary honours, but, unfortunately, has persistently refused, business men of his calibre being sadly lacking in our legislative halls. Mr. Wright is the president of the County of Renfrew Horticultural Society, and has held that office since its inception four years ago; he is also director for division No. 2 of the Fruit Growers’ Association of the province of Ontario. For the past twelve years he has been chairman of the High School Board of Renfrew, his earlier experiences eminently fitting him for the position. His partner in business is David Barr, and it needs scarcely be said it is the most important and wealthy firm in this locality. They have recently built what is probably the finest brick block for business purposes in Central Ontario, which they occupy exclusively for the carrying on of their extensive trade. To facilitate their extensive and largely increasing grain trade, they have also erected the finest and best equipped grain elevator in the Ottawa valley. And in addition to all this, they were not only the first to introduce gas into the town, but were also the first to put it out, and introduce the system of lighting by electricity, being the proprietors of the electric light plant, with which they light their own building, besides furnishing it to other private firms, as well as to the corporation for lighting the streets of the town. Mr. Wright’s busy life has precluded the possibility of extensive travel, save that connected with business. In this regard, however, he has on many occasions visited the markets of Europe and this continent. In religion Mr. Wright is a Baptist, and as might be expected, believes in water as opposed to whisky in the warfare now being waged against the latter, in fact, was an ardent supporter of the Canada Temperance Act, and favours the still more radical measure, viz., total prohibition. In 1871 he married Jane, a daughter of Theophilus Harvey, of Lachine, by whom he has issue five boys and one girl.

Stratford, John H., Brantford, Ontario, is a native of New York state, having been born in Oswego, on the 30th May, 1840, came over with his parents and settled in Brantford in 1844, where he has since resided. Mr. Stratford’s father, who died in 1884, was born at Sheerness, Kent, England, and was a gentleman of the old school. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Dublin, and was highly respected by the citizens of Brantford, for his charity and the strict sense of honour he had practised from the day he first took up his residence among them to the day of his death. When he retired from business in 1875, he divided his large fortune among his three sons, retaining a life annuity. His mother, who died in 1875, was also greatly respected and beloved for her charitable deeds. She belonged to an Irish family, and was niece of the late Colonel George Hamilton, for many years manager of the Canada Company at Toronto. John H. Stratford’s grandfather, Dr. John Stratford, and his uncle, Dr. Samuel John Stratford, both members of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, England, were known as eminent physicians in Canada. The latter, who was assistant surgeon in the 72nd Highlanders, sold his commission, and with a number of other British officers, settled at Woodstock, Ontario, where they received grants of land from Sir John Colborne, the then military governor of Upper Canada. In this town he successfully practised his profession for many years, and subsequently left this country, having received the appointment of emigration agent for the British government in New Zealand, where he died. Another member of the family, Elizabeth Stratford, his sister, married in 1839 Mr. Davidson, a celebrated lawyer in New York, who was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, but died just before being sworn into office. Joseph and Charles, brothers of John H. Stratford, still reside in Brantford, Joseph being a wealthy merchant, and owner of “Stratford’s Opera House,” one of the handsomest in the province. John, the subject of this sketch, received his education in Brantford; and after leaving school, for a number of years up to 1871 he managed first the retail and afterwards the wholesale drug business of his father. In 1865, he formed with the late C. Gilbert a partnership, the object of which was the carrying on of a wholesale oil business; and this firm was the first to introduce on our Canadian railways the use of natural petroleum as a lubricant for car wheels. In 1868, Henry Yates was admitted into the partnership, and it then operated under the style of John H. Stratford & Co. The following year Mr. Gilbert withdrew, and since then the firm has been known as Yates & Stratford, wholesale oil and lumber merchants. In 1870, Mr. Stratford formed, with Donald Nicholson, since deceased, and Robert Chisholm, of Hamilton, a special partnership for the construction of that section of the Great Western Railway, from Glencoe to Simcoe, a distance of seventy-five miles. This piece of work, a very difficult one, owing to the Canada Southern Railway being in course of construction at the same time, almost parallel, was completed in 1872, to the entire satisfaction of the Great Western Railway authorities. In 1884, Mr. Stratford purchased seven acres of land, beautifully situated, overlooking and within the limits of the city of Brantford, on which he erected, under his own superintendence, an hospital capable of accommodating fifty patients and a regular staff of nurses, etc., at a cost of over $20,000. And on the 10th February, 1885, it was formally opened by His Honour, John Beverley Robinson, lieutenant-governor of Ontario, and Mrs. Robinson, in the presence of a large assembly of citizens, when Mr. Stratford handed it over as a free gift to the city of Brantford. Mrs. John H. Stratford and Mrs. Arthur S. Hardy also took a deep interest in the hospital, and through their united exertions, collected from friends $4,000, wherewith to equip it with suitable furniture, instruments, etc. It is called “The John H. Stratford Hospital,” and is without doubt,—being perfect as to heating, light, ventilation, laundry, stables, and other modern improvements—one of the finest institutions of its kind in the Dominion. When of age Mr. Stratford joined the Masonic body, and has continued to keep up his connection with it ever since. He is a member of the St. James Club, Montreal. He married in 1868, Sara Juson Harris, fifth daughter of the late T. D. Harris, at one time a prominent wholesale hardware merchant in Toronto. Mr. Stratford is a member of the Episcopal church; a thorough business man of strict integrity, and has been eminently successful in all his undertakings.

Benson, Rev. Manly, Pastor of the Central Methodist Church, Bloor street, Toronto, was born in Prince Edward county, Ontario, in 1842. His parents, Matthew R. and Nancy Ruttan, were of U. E. loyalist stock, and were among the early founders of Canadian nationality on the beautiful shores of the Bay of Quinté. To this, doubtless, may be attributed the sturdy mental and moral, as well as physical fibre, which characterizes the so worthy a son of so worthy parents—the subject of our sketch. His parents removed to the town of Newburgh, and here Manly received a good education at the academy, and prepared himself for the work of a teacher. At the age of ten years he was converted to God at a special service held by the late Rev. Joseph Reynolds, the superintendent of the Demorestville circuit, and he grew up under the fostering influence of the Sunday-school and the class-meeting, both of which had a marked influence on his young life, and spared him from the many bad influences that are apt to surround young men. For a few years Mr. Benson applied himself as a teacher, at the same time continuing his studies with the principal of the Newburgh Academy. The piety and cultivated talent of the young teacher attracted the attention of the members of the Methodist church of the town in which he lived; and having undergone the preliminary training in Christian work as a local preacher, he was recommended by the official board of the Newburgh circuit for the ministry. He was received on trial in 1863, and made his first acquaintance with the activities of the work in the western extremity of the province. For four years he travelled successively as junior preacher on the Romney, Chatham, Windsor, and Sarnia circuits; and having given full proof of his ministry, passing with credit all the prescribed examinations, he was received into full connexion, and ordained at the Hamilton conference in 1867. He then travelled, as superintendent, the Ridgetown, Newbury, and Cooksville circuits. After one year on the latter circuit, he was invited to the Centenary Church, Hamilton, as colleague of the Rev. W. J. Hunter, D.D. At the end of his first year in this charge, which date also completed the full pastoral term of the superintendent of the circuit, he was invited by the official board to take Dr. Hunter’s place as superintendent of the church and circuit; but instead of accepting, suggested the name of the Rev. Hugh Johnston, M.A., who was appointed superintendent, and with whom he was associated for the balance of his pastoral term of two years. The closing year of his three years’ term in this city was signalized by the building of the elegant and commodious Zion Tabernacle. From Hamilton he went to Stratford and St. Thomas, and spent three years in each of these places. When closing his pastoral term at St. Thomas, in 1881, he was invited to the pastorate of the Central Methodist Church (Bloor Street), Toronto. No transfers were made that year, and, on this fact becoming known, he was immediately and unanimously invited to the Brant Avenue Church, Brantford. On the closing of his three years’ pastoral term in that city he was again invited by the same church in Toronto, and entered upon his duties in the Central Methodist Church, Toronto, in June, 1855. Since he took charge of the Central Church it has greatly prospered under his care, both spiritually and financially. Its membership has increased from two hundred and seventy to four hundred and fifteen, and the congregation has also doubled in attendance. By special collections taken on the first Sabbath of each of the three years of his pastorate, $6,000 was contributed, being $2,000 at each collection, and, with other moneys in hand, $7,000 has been paid off the church debt, and the regular Sunday collections and pew rents also show a very large increase. In recognition of Rev. Mr. Benson’s services as pastor, the official board raised his salary from $1,500 to $2,000, and in addition to this have furnished and provided him with a comfortable parsonage free. It is almost needless to say that Rev. Mr. Benson is not only a favourite with the people of his own church, but with others of the same denomination in the city, in proof of which he has been unanimously invited, at the close of his term in the Central Church, to take charge of the large congregation worshipping in Berkeley Street Methodist Church. Rev. Mr. Benson has largely enjoyed the advantages of travel, both throughout the Dominion of Canada and in foreign countries. In 1871, in company with the late illustrious Rev. Dr. Punshon, he crossed the continent, and beheld the wonders of the Rocky mountains, and the Sierra Nevadas, the Geyser springs, the Yosemite Valley, and Salt Lake City. He also enjoyed the pleasure, or perhaps, endured the pain, of a sea voyage, and visited Victoria, New Westminster, Fort Yale, and places on the Pacific coast. In 1879 he crossed the Atlantic and made a still more extended tour through France, Italy, Switzerland, South-eastern Germany, Belgium, Great Britain, and Ireland; and during his stay in London was the guest of Rev. Dr. Punshon, who kindly helped him to see London in all its phases. After his return to Canada, Rev. Mr. Benson communicated the many spirit-stirring scenes he had witnessed in distant lands to appreciative audiences throughout Ontario, by eloquent lectures on “The Wonders of the Yosemite,” “Across the Continent,” “British Columbia,” and more recently, on “Memories of Rome,” “Switzerland,” “In Rhineland,” and on London, Paris, and some of the Italian cities he had visited. He is an earnest worker in the Sunday-school, and is always ready to labor for the Master. As a teetotaller he is most pronounced, and is strongly impressed with the idea that nothing short of the total prohibition of the liquor traffic will save this Canada of ours from becoming like many of the places he has visited in Europe—slaves to the intoxicating cup. Rev. Mr. Benson is one of the directors of the Grimsby Park Company, and has been director of services for the past four years. Under his able management this park has been an extraordinary success, and year after year it is becoming one of the most favourite resorts for those who seek quiet, with a moderate amount of physical and intellectual excitement, during the summer months. On the 9th of July, 1867, he was united in marriage to Julia, third daughter of the Hon. Walter McCrea, judge of Algoma county, Ontario, and has had a family consisting of nine children, seven of whom are now living, five daughters and two sons.

Tilley, Sir Samuel Leonard, K.C.M.G., Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of New Brunswick, Fredericton, one of the most prominent of our Canadian statesmen, is the son of Thomas M. Tilley, of Queen’s county, New Brunswick, and great-grandson of Samuel Tilley, of Brooklyn, New York, a U. E. loyalist, who, at the termination of the American revolutionary war, came to New Brunswick, and became a grantee of the now city of St. John in that province. Sir Leonard was born at Georgetown, Queen’s county, on the 8th May, 1818, and received his education at the Grammar school of his native village, and when he had attained his thirteenth year, went to St. John, and became apprenticed to an apothecary. Before beginning business for himself, Mr. Tilley was for a time in the employ of William O. Smith, druggist, a gentleman of superior intellectual parts, and who took an active interest in all the political movements of the day. It was probably from him that the future lieutenant-governor of the province derived his first lessons in political economy, and which served him so well when he was minister of finance for the Dominion of Canada, and we say, without being far astray, that Mr. Smith plainly saw that his lessons were not likely to be wasted on this clear-headed and enthusiastic young man. Young Tilley too, being sprung from loyalist stock, it is only fair to assume that whenever, if ever he should bring himself before the public, he would find a prepossession in his favour. He became a prominent member of a debating society when seventeen, and took a leading part in political discussions, and shortly afterwards became an able advocate of the cause of temperance. It may be said here that from that far-past day to this Mr. Tilley has always been loyal to his temperance principles, has always seized the opportunity to forward the movement, and upon all occasions has shown the sincerity of his character by the practice of his precepts. In recognition of his distinguished services in the cause, the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of America, in 1854, elected him to the highest office in the order, namely, that of Most Worthy Patriarch, and which position he held for two years. In enlarged politics the first heard of Mr. Tilley was in 1849, when he was the seconder on the paper of B. Ansley, who was returned by a good majority. He was one of the foremost promoters of the Railway League, organized to secure the construction of a railway from St. John to Shediac. In 1850 he was elected to the New Brunswick legislature for the city of St. John. Mr. Tilley was at this time a Liberal. The following year the Tory manipulators began to undermine the foundations of their opponents, and they seduced from allegiance the Hon. J. H. Gray and the Hon. R. D. Wilmot [Mr. Gray was afterwards appointed a judge, and Mr. Wilmot a lieutenant-governor], and these two leading gentlemen entered the government. On the day that their secession became known, the Liberal party was naturally shocked and pained at the treachery, but closed up their ranks and resolved still to fight the enemy. Messrs. Tilley, Simonds, Ritchie and Needham thereupon published a card to the people, declaring that if Mr. Wilmot, who had accepted office, was re-elected, they would resign their seats in the house, as they could not, in that case, represent their views. The electors, however, returned Mr. Wilmot, and all the parties on the card, except W. H. Needham, resigned their seats. Mr. Tilley then returned to private life. But he was not long to remain “a mute, inglorious Milton.” In 1854 the Liberals were triumphant, and Mr. Tilley obtained a portfolio in the new administration. From that time up to 1885, when he resigned his seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa, with the exception of a couple of breaks, he had enjoyed a remarkable lease of power, having been a member of the New Brunswick and Dominion governments during many long years, except the session of 1851, and part of the extra session of 1854. In 1856 he was beaten on the liquor question, but in 1857 regained power, and became leader of the administration in 1860, which position he retained till March, 1865. He attended the conference held in Prince Edward Island to discuss maritime union, and subsequently appeared at the Quebec conference, where he made a telling speech on the importance of the province he represented. The proceedings of the Quebec conference were kept from the public with the most zealous care, but one member belonging to a sea province told his wife one day that “it was no use,” he was unable “to keep it any longer.” He unburthened himself to a newspaper editor, when with the speed of the wind intelligence of the affair was spread through the British North American provinces. At once in the lower provinces a storm of opposition was raised to the scheme, and presses rolled out tons of pamphlets, placards, circulars and open letters, denouncing the scheme, and calling upon the people to rise and thwart Tilley and other enemies of his country. The ministry fell. The Irish were all the time rampant and unappeasable. They all remembered how Ireland had once been sold, and their representative newspaper became so bitter as to eventually overreach its aim. To help along the scheme and defeat the great booming of the Irish, fate brought along the Fenian scare. The government resigned, and Mr. Tilley was sent for to form an administration. A new election took place in 1866, and the antis got a still worse drubbing than had fallen to the lot of the supporters of confederation. A short time afterwards Mr. Tilley attended the conference in England, formed to procure a Chart of Union, and he was, in July, 1867, made a C.B. (civil), in recognition of his distinguished services. He resigned his seat in the New Brunswick legislature and government to become minister of customs in the new Canadian cabinet. From November, 1868, to April, 1869, he acted as minister of public works, and on the 22nd of February, 1873, he was made minister of finance. This office he held until the downfall of the administration on the 5th of November of the same year. He then became lieutenant-governor of his native province, which office he held till 1878, when he took the field again, with the triumphant result so well known. In the new Conservative administration he became once again finance minister, and shortly afterwards framed the legislation with which his name will be connected so long as the history of Canada is read, namely the National Policy. On May 24th, 1879, he was created a Knight of the Order of St. Michael and St. George by the Governor-General, acting for the Queen. During the session of 1885, at Ottawa, Sir Leonard’s health having given way, he was compelled to relinquish his parliamentary duties, and seek comparative rest and recreation by a visit to London, England, where he gave attention to some matters relating to the finances of the dominion, and also considerably improved his health. On his return to Ottawa in the fall, he however suffered a relapse, and it became very evident to his friends, that he could no longer successfully cope with his departmental duties, and if he would prolong his usefulness, he must abandon parliamentary life. He accordingly sent in his resignation, which was accepted at a meeting of the Cabinet held on the 31st October, at which meeting Sir Leonard was appointed lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick for a second time, the term of lieutenant-governor Wilmot having expired several months before. On his return to his native province, he was accorded a hearty reception by the people among whom he had grown up who gladly welcomed him back to the position he had so worthily filled from 1873 to 1878. He was sworn into office in the legislative council chamber at Fredericton, on the 13th November, by the chief justice of the province, in the presence of a large number of prominent persons, who had assembled to witness the ceremony. It may here be stated that in December following, the Liberal-Conservative Club of St. John, N.B., was presented by Mr. Rogerson, with a bust of Sir Leonard, on which occasion C. A. Everett, then M.P. for the city, who had known him from boyhood, delivered an address in which he sketched his career, and spoke in the most complimentary terms of his great public services. It may also be stated that before Sir Leonard entered upon his duties as lieutenant-governor, he sent the following farewell letter to his constituents, addressed to the Hon. T. R. Jones, M.L.C., chairman of the Conservative Election Committee, in St. John, in the following kindly tones: —

Sir Leonard and Lady Tilley visited Toronto, the Queen City of the West, in May, 1887, and spent a week among their many friends there, who were overjoyed at Sir Leonard’s improved health, and while here they took part in the festivities so lavishly bestowed on the Governor-General, Lord Lansdowne, and his party, who, at the time, were enjoying the hospitality of the citizens. Sir Leonard Tilley has been twice married, first to Julia Ann, daughter of James T. Hanford, of St. John, N.B.; and second, in 1867, to Alice, eldest daughter of Z. Chipman, of St. Stephen, N.B. Sir Leonard Tilley’s career has been an honour to his country, and one that young men who aim to do well in public life should seek to remember and imitate.

Cluxton, William, Peterboro’, Ontario, was born in Dundalk, county of Louth, Ireland, on the 31st of March, 1819. When but six years of age his father died, and six years later his mother was also removed by death. His education had been carefully looked after by his mother. On the break-up of the family, William, the subject of this sketch, went to reside with an uncle and aunt who was in business in Cootehill, Cavan county, and this worthy couple soon afterwards, having determined to improve their condition, emigrated to America, taking with them the orphan lad. Arrived in Canada, the family located themselves on a farm near the then small village of Peterboro’, but now one of the most thriving towns in the province. Here he soon discovered that nature never intended him to spend his life on a farm. Therefore, with the consent of his relatives—long deceased, and of whom he still speaks with the utmost affection—young as he was, and without a single cent in the world, he sought and obtained a very humble situation in the employment of the late John Hall, father of the late Judge Hall, who was then the leading merchant in the village; and in this place he remained for some time, gradually acquiring knowledge. In 1835, after having given the utmost satisfaction to all who had reposed trust in him, Mr. Cluxton accepted a position in the dry goods store of John R. Benson, and subsequently became the sole manager of his store on Aylmer street. Here, after business hours, he devoted himself so earnestly and labouriously to the cultivation of letters and of music, that he soon became remarkable for his attainments, especially in the latter. In 1836, such flattering offers had been made to him, that he was induced to leave Peterboro’ and take charge, in Port Hope, of the business of the late John Crawford, a wealthy and well-known merchant. In this place, however, from indisposition, being then only seventeen years of age, he remained but one month, and again returned to Peterboro’ to take sole charge of a branch of that gentleman’s business which had been established there, and that was not, it seemed, succeeding so well as desired. Here his management became so successful, that in three years he found himself the sole buyer for all of Mr. Crawford’s establishments, and this position he held until the death of that gentleman, when he was appointed by the trustees of the estate to wind up the business, which he did to their entire satisfaction. In 1842, and after some years of the most unwearied and honourable toil, Mr. Cluxton purchased a stock of general goods, and launched forth his bark in Peterboro’ on his own account. From that time to the present, his success has been of the most marked character, although it may be fairly supposed that he has met, like all others in business, with occasional reverses by the way. In 1872, considering his means sufficiently ample, he retired from the drygoods business. One of its branches established in Lindsay he disposed to a clerk, who had come to him a mere lad, but who now, under his strict and able training, has become one of the wealthiest and best business men in that town. To two of his sons and another clerk he sold the Peterboro’ establishment; but he continued his operations in produce, and of late years has only done sufficient to occupy his mind, so as to prevent the change from an active business life to one of leisure having an injurious effect. For thirty years or more he moved the principal part of the grain along the whole line of railway from Lindsay to Lake Ontario, his transactions amounting to half a million annually. In 1852 he became manager of the Peterboro’ branch of the Commercial Bank of Canada, which position he held for eight years, without having lost a single dollar to the institution, resigning it only because of its wear and tear, and because of his desire to visit Europe for the sake of his health—which visit he made in 1862, accompanied by his wife and a portion of his family. When he did withdraw from this post, however, the estimation in which he was held by the directors may be gathered from the fact that he was appointed confidential adviser to the new manager. Few men in Canada have ever held so many offices of important public trust as Mr. Cluxton, and no man in the whole Dominion can boast of a more honourable record or name. He was for years president of the Midland Railway Company, and has been president of the Marmora Mining Company, the Little Lake Cemetery Company, the Port Hope and Peterboro’ Gravel Road Company, and the Peterboro’ Water Works Company. He has in his time occupied seats in the town and in the county council, and is at present one of the commissioners of the town trust. He took a lively interest in the education of the young, and for twenty-five years was an active member of the school board. He is captain in the Sedentary militia, and in 1872 he was chosen to represent the people of West Peterboro’ in the House of Commons. Mr. Cluxton is a Liberal-Conservative in politics. In private life he is neither banker, merchant nor politician, but simply one of the great brotherhood of mankind, who makes common cause with his numerous tenants and his friends, as well as with the fatherless children and the widow.

Falconbridge, William Glenholme, M.A., Q.C., Barrister, Toronto, was born on 12th May, 1846. He is the eldest son of John Kennedy Falconbridge, J.P., of Richmond Hill, in the county of York, a very well known and highly respected retired merchant, who for many years carried on a large and successful business in the counties of York and Simcoe. The subject of this sketch received his chief preliminary training at the Barrie Grammar School, and at the Model Grammar School for Upper Canada, and matriculated with a general proficiency scholarship in the University of Toronto in 1862. His course at the University was one of rather unusual distinction, inasmuch as there was hardly any department in the curriculum in which he did not at some period obtain first-class honours. After winning college prizes and university scholarships in each year, he graduated B.A. in 1866, with a gold medal. He then filled for a year the chair of professor of modern languages in Yarmouth College, N.S., and returned to Toronto on being appointed lecturer on Italian and Spanish in University College, which position he occupied for one year. In 1868, he commenced the study of law in the office of Patton, Osler and Moss, and was called to the bar in 1871. (While he was a student at law he entered the Military School, which was then established in Toronto, as a gentleman cadet, and in due course obtained his certificate of fitness for a captain’s commission in the active militia—under the instructions of the officers of Her Majesty’s 29th regiment of foot). On the 1st of July, 1871, the firm of Harrison, Osler and Moss was formed, the members of which were the late Chief Justices Harrison and Moss; the present Justice Osler, Charles Moss, Q.C., W. A. Foster, Q.C., and Mr. Falconbridge. He was examiner in the University of Toronto for several years, and was elected registrar in 1872, and held that office until 1881, when he resigned and was immediately elected by his fellow graduates a member of the senate of that institution, and again elected at the head of the poll in 1886. In 1885, he was elected a bencher of our only Inn of Court—the Law Society of Upper Canada,—and was re-elected at the general election in 1886, ranking No. six, out of the thirty successful candidates, those who received a larger number of votes being W. R. Meredith, Charles Moss, Dalton McCarthy, C. Robinson, and B. M. Britton. He was gazetted as one of Her Majesty’s counsel in 1885. Mr. Falconbridge is a pronounced and steadfast Conservative in politics, and has frequently been solicited to enter public life, particularly at the general elections for the House of Commons of the Dominion in February, 1887, when he was offered the nomination for Centre Toronto. His friends think that his abilities and personal qualities eminently fit him for the political arena, but he has hitherto felt obliged by the pressure of professional engagements to decline the honour. But he has never been chary of rendering gratuitous public services when called on to do so. He was a prominent member of the Citizens’ Committee appointed at the time of the terrible accident at the Humber, in January, 1884, when twenty-nine men were killed outright or died of their injuries, and fifteen were more or less injured, the other members of the Committee being the then mayor, A. R. Boswell, J. H. Morris, Q.C., T. McGaw, Jno. Livingstone, H. E. Clarke, M.P.P., and John Hallam. Largely through the intervention and efforts of these gentlemen, more than one hundred thousand dollars were received by way of compensation from the Grand Trunk Railway, and about fifteen thousand dollars collected from the general public. For their services in this connection, given ungrudgingly over a period of nearly two years, they were publicly thanked by resolution of the City Council. Mr. Falconbridge is now a member of the firms of Moss, Falconbridge and Barwick, and Moss, Hoyles and Aylesworth, a strong association, representing the survival of the numerous judicial appointments which have been made from their ranks. In religion he has always adhered to the Church of England, and has been for years an officer of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society. He is a keen sportsman and a skilful and enthusiastic angler, and he is very popular within the circle of his acquaintance. In 1873, he married Mary, youngest daughter of the late Hon. Mr. Justice Sullivan, and step-daughter of the late Hon. Sir Francis Hincks, C.B., K.C.M.G., by whom he has issue one son and five daughters.

Sanderson, Rev. Dr. G. R., Pastor of the Methodist church, Sarnia. This worthy and greatly respected minister was born in the city of Kingston, in the year 1817, so that he is now seventy years of age. He is of English parentage. With his parents he attended the church of the Wesleyan Methodists in Kingston, and in the year 1834, through the ministry of the Rev. Dr. Stinson, was converted, and at once connected himself with the church. Having a fair English education, possessing a good voice, good judgment, and above all, a renewed heart, he was by the quarterly official board made a local preacher in connection with the Kingston circuit. Engaged in this relation and realizing his need of better qualification for the work, he entered the Upper Canada Academy, which formed the nucleus out of which Victoria University has risen, where he completed his education. He then left the college to enter the full work of the ministry. The late Rev. Dr. Carroll writes of him: “His going out as chairman’s supply, one year before his formal reception on trial, was at the conference of 1836, and his introduction into his ministerial work was under circumstances which entitle him to rank among the pioneer preachers. He was first sent to the extensive boundaries, miry roads and miasmatic atmosphere of the old Thames circuit; and received a fitting seasoning for its toils by a ride on horseback from Kingston to Chatham. In the course of this journey the writer first met and admired the pluck and heroism of the boy of twenty.” A list of the circuits on which Dr. Sanderson has travelled since entering the ministry will no doubt interest many readers. In 1837, he travelled the old Thames circuit, going thence to Newmarket, Grimsby and Hamilton respectively. In 1841 he was ordained and sent to Stamford, where he remained for two years, then to St. Catharines for two years, and thence to Toronto, where he was elected and ably performed the duties of editor of the Christian Guardian. Upon relinquishing the editorial chair, which position he held for five years, he was appointed to Cobourg for three years, during which period he was elected secretary of the conference, and was thence sent back to Toronto to take charge of the Methodist Book and Publishing House. From the successful discharge of these important interests of the church he came to the city of London, where he remained for three years. In the year 1861 he was elected representative from the Canadian Conference to the Wesleyan Conference of Great Britain. In 1860 he was elected chairman of the London district, which position he has held without a break on the several districts on which he has been placed from that period until the present. From London he went to the following places in order, remaining in each the full allotted time of three years: Port Hope, Picton, Belleville, Kingston, St. Catharines, London (Wellington street), London (Dundas street east), and Strathroy. In 1876 he was elected president of the Conference of the Methodist church of Canada, for which position his many years’ experience as chairman well qualified him. The honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by his alma mater, Victoria University, in May, 1876. Victoria has never honoured a more worthy son, and Dr. Sanderson has always been a noble representative of the claims of this university upon the Methodist people of this dominion. Dr. Sanderson is a fine specimen of the Christian minister. During his long period of service there has been no time that he has been laid aside from work by illness, and no year that there has not been a revival of religion on his circuit. The statement may be ventured that Dr. Sanderson has been the instrument in God’s hands of winning more souls to Christ than any other minister in the regular work in the Methodist church. He is now the oldest man in the active work of the ministry, and at a conference lately held in St. Thomas, a testimonial in the shape of a purse of $120 was presented to him in honour of his advent upon the 50th year of his ministry. Dr. Sanderson as a preacher is at times eloquent, always practical and strictly evangelical. As a speaker he is chaste, polished and powerful, and when in debate he waxes warm with his theme he invariably carries his hearers with him. As a man he is sympathetic and tender and withal firm and unflinching in what he believes to be right. To quote Dr. Carroll again—“He has not been without difficult positions to keep, and has had his trials; yet he has proved faithful to his trust, and has usually triumphed. He is self-contained, manly and enduring, and has never failed in a connexional trust.”

Hunter, Rev. Samuel James, D.D., Pastor of the Centenary Church, Hamilton, Ontario, one of the leading preachers in connection with the Methodist denomination, is a Canadian by birth, having been born in the village of Phillipsburg, province of Quebec, on the 12th April, 1843. He is of Irish parentage, his father and mother having been born and married in Strabane, county Tyrone. The subject of our sketch removed, with the other members of the family, to Upper Canada, and settled in East Gwillimbury, which was then almost a wilderness. He early developed an unconquerable thirst for knowledge, and when a mere lad had reached the limit of the common school teacher’s power to instruct. The few books in scanty libraries here and there amongst the neighbours were read with avidity and studied with care. The first money he ever earned was invested in three works that opened to him the vast world of thought, namely: Dick’s works, Rollin’s Ancient History, and a Latin grammar and reader combined. When seventeen years of age he was led into a religious experience through the ministry of the Methodist church, which he subsequently joined. At the age of eighteen he was received as a probationer for the ministry, and began his labours in the township of Walpole. Four years afterwards he was publicly ordained in London, Ontario. For many years he did the hard work of a Methodist preacher, and at the same time pursued secular study under private masters. His fields of labour have been—one year in Walpole, two in Oakville, two at Thornhill, one at Bowmanville, six in Montreal, twelve in Toronto (six of which were in Elm street, three in Queen street, and three in Sherbourne street Church). He is now completing his second year in Centenary Church, Hamilton, one of the largest and most important congregations in the Dominion. At the convocation of 1886 the Senate of Victoria University conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Hunter, though a member of every general conference that has been held, has no taste for debate, and seldom enters the arena. He is regarded as orthodox in his teachings, but never takes things on trust merely. He thinks for himself, and never burkes his opinions, even when they seem to be out of harmony with the generally accepted creeds. He married, in 1871, Miss Ruston, of Montreal, and has a family of two children.

Mathison, George, Senior Past Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of the Province of Quebec, was one of the most energetic and enthusiastic temperance advocates in that section of our country. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 1st May, 1801, he received his education there, and after leaving school was apprenticed to the baking business. Having faithfully served the prescribed term, he worked for a short period as a journeyman, and wishing to see the world, enlisted in His Majesty’s 70th regiment of foot, and soon attained the position of colour-sergeant. Seeing the evil effects of drink on his comrades, he soon became convinced that a life of total abstinence was the safest and best for him to secure success in his profession, and accordingly adopted the principle. At that time very few had abandoned the entire use of intoxicating liquors as a drink, and those who had were looked upon with suspicion by the “moderate drinkers,” but his example soon began to tell upon his comrades, and many of them were induced to abandon liquor-drinking. In due course of time, with the permission of his commanding officer, he established a total abstinence society in the regiment. He soon afterwards attained to the rank of quarter-master-sergeant, and still continued to use his influence to further the good work he had begun. In the year 1842, having served his country for twenty-one years in Gibraltar, Malta, West Indies and Canada—proving the practicability of the principles of total abstinence in all these varied climes—he was discharged with a pension, and at the same time received a situation in the Commissariat department as keeper of the government woodyard in Quebec. This gave him greater opportunities to work in the temperance cause, and shortly afterward he and several other citizens started the first total abstinence society in that city, and it proved a great blessing to many. In October, 1850, having heard of the order of the Sons of Temperance, which was then making rapid strides in enrolling men in the total abstinence ranks, he and other members of the society secured a charter from the National Division, and Gough Division, No. 3, of Canada East, was organized. This division continued to prosper, and the order to increase in the province, when in January, 1852, the Grand Division of Canada East (now Quebec) was organized, Mr. Mathison being one of the charter members, and in October, 1854, he was elected its Grand Worthy Patriarch. In February, 1852, St. Lawrence Division was organized under very favourable auspices, and in the following year he left Gough Division and joined St. Lawrence, in the hope of extending his usefulness among the military men who had joined in large numbers the younger division. In June, 1867, he was initiated into the National Division of North America, at the session held at Providence, Rhode Island, and continued to attend the meetings of that body as opportunity offered, the last time being at the session held in Halifax, N.S., in 1884. In 1859 he was removed to Halifax to fill another position in the Commissariat department, and later on to Prince Edward Island. In each place he was well known as an enthusiastic worker in the cause of temperance, and other good works. In the year 1866, after serving twenty-four years in Her Majesty’s service, he was superannuated, with another pension, and took up his residence in the city of Quebec, and again associated himself with St. Lawrence Division, and continued to work persistently in the cause he had so much at heart up to the last month of his life, not only in connection with the order of the Sons of Temperance, but in the formation of Cadets of Temperance, Bands of Hope, and other kindred societies. He was ever ready to help, and very few of the youth of the city of Quebec have failed in being influenced to a certain extent by his efforts. He was a consistent member of the Methodist church for over fifty years, and for several years superintendent of the Sabbath school. The class meetings and prayer meetings were always faithfully attended by him and highly appreciated. He passed away after a few days’ illness on the 30th October, 1886, in the eighty-sixth year of his age and the sixtieth of his temperance work, deeply regretted by all his co-laborers in the church, as well as in the cause of total abstinence. George Mathison earned the benediction: “Well done, good and faithful servant.”

Flewelling, William Pentreath, Accountant and Lumber Agent, Crown Lands department, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Clifton, Kings county, New Brunswick, on the 31st of May, 1850. His father, William Puddington Flewelling, was a native of New Brunswick, and resided most of his life-time in Kings county, where for a long time he carried on a large ship-building business. He also represented Kings county in the New Brunswick legislature for a number of years, and part of the time he was a member of the government, and held the office of surveyor-general. His mother, Esther Ann Merritt, was a native of Marlborough, Ulster county, New York state. William received his early education in the public school of his native place, and at a later period attended the superior school at Studholm, Kings county. While preparing for a collegiate course, ill health overtook him, and he was obliged to give up further study and betake himself to out-door pursuits. He having become as a boy familiar with the use of tools in his father’s ship-yard, he betook himself to the lumber regions of New Brunswick, and joined a lumbering party; and after a winter spent in the forest he became restored to his usual ruggedness, and returned to civilization. In the spring of 1869 he removed from Clifton to Fredericton and entered the service of the government as a clerk in the Crown Lands department. In 1873, some changes occurring in the staff, he was promoted to the position of accountant; and in 1881, in addition to this office, he was made lumber agent. This dual office he has since held—the first having put him in charge of all the financial matters in connection with the Land department, and the second the general supervision of the lumbering on the Crown lands throughout the province, and the collection of the revenue therefrom. As a young man, Mr. Flewelling took an active interest in military matters. Having joined a local militia corps as private he gradually rose in the ranks, and when he retired from the service in 1874 he held the rank of paymaster of the 74th battalion, Kings county militia. He has been an active member of various societies, especially temperance societies, in all of which he has held offices. For about fifteen years he has belonged to the Independent Order of Oddfellows, and is a past-grand master of Victoria lodge, No. 13, of Fredericton. He has always been connected with the Episcopal church, but is, nevertheless, a strong believer in freedom of opinion, especially in religion. On the 17th of January, 1874, he was married to Harriet E. Lugrin, daughter of the late Charles S. Lugrin, editor of The Colonial Farmer, and for a number of years secretary of the Board of Agriculture for New Brunswick, and grand-daughter of the late George K. Lugrin, for many years Queen’s printer in New Brunswick.

Le Pan, Frederick Nicholas D’Orr, Owen Sound, Ontario, is the son of Louis Noailles Le Pan and Mary Anne Brown, of Belfast, Ireland, and was born in the year 1819. His father was a native of Paris, France, and was a professor of French in the Royal Academy of Belfast, and other colleges in that city. Mr. Le Pan emigrated to the United States at the age of nineteen, and was for some time employed in a large flouring mill as head book-keeper in St. Louis, Missouri. Being anxious to get on and push for himself, he bought a farm in the state of Illinois, and lived there until his health failed him. He then sold out his property and moved to Canada and settled in Picton, Prince Edward county. After living here for some time he went to Owen Sound, in the county of Grey, where he opened a general store, and succeeded well. He occupied the position of treasurer for the county of Grey for over twenty years, and on his resignation was presented with a handsome present by the county in recognition of his services. He was local director for the Molsons bank in Owen Sound, and is a justice of the peace for the county. Though now well up in years, Mr. Le Pan is still hale and hearty, and living a retired life.

Shaw, Lieutenant-Colonel James. The late Senator Shaw was born in New Ross, county Wexford, Ireland, in the year 1798, so famous in Irish history. He was descended from two ancient and honourable families, and took pride in tracing his lineage back many generations to persons of distinction, being Scotch on his father’s side, and on his mother’s he was of French extraction, her family, the d’Ouselys, being Huguenots, who fled to Ireland, the name being corrupted to Dowsley in the course of years. In the year 1820, after completing his education in Dublin, Mr. Shaw, in the twenty-second year of his age, came to Canada with letters of introduction to Lord Dalhousie, who attached him to his household, with an officer’s pay and rations for the following six months, where he was treated with great kindness by Lord and Lady Dalhousie, and in after days often referred to this pleasant portion of his life. Subsequently the government appointed him first clerk in the Lanark military settlement of Upper Canada, under the late Colonel William Marshall, the superintendent, and this situation Mr. Shaw filled for nine years. At the commencement of the work on the Rideau Canal, through Lord Dalhousie’s influence, he was appointed overseer of the works under the late Colonel John By, from Smith’s Falls to Bytown, now the city of Ottawa. After the completion of the canal, Mr. Shaw married Ellen Forgie, daughter of Mr. Forgie, of Glasgow, and carried on at Smith’s Falls a successful and extensive mercantile business up to the time of his entering parliament. He was one of the first promoters and directors of the Brockville and Ottawa Railway. During the Canadian rebellion of 1837 and 1838 he was stationed at Brockville as major of the third Leeds Light Infantry, and in later years he was made lieutenant-colonel of the militia of Canada. In his early days he was a member of what was known as the Johnstown District Council, and when the municipal system was adopted he filled the position of reeve of the municipality, which office he held until higher duties obliged him to resign. He was also a justice of the peace, but did not often act in that capacity. Mr. Shaw was a Free Mason, having joined the order as a young man in Ireland. He was a member of the Church of England—not extreme in his views, but unswerving in his support and allegiance to his church. In 1851 he was elected to represent the united counties of Lanark and Renfrew in the Legislature of Canada in the Conservative interest, and was again returned for the South Riding of Lanark in 1854. In 1860 he was elected for the Bathurst division by a large majority to a seat in the upper house, which he held until the confederation of the several provinces, when he was called by Royal proclamation to the Senate of the Dominion of Canada, which position he filled with honour to himself and credit to his country until his death. Mr. Shaw was a gentleman of fine physique and commanding appearance, of sterling principle, unswerving integrity, and by his genial disposition and urbanity of manner, endeared himself to all with whom he became acquainted. He died suddenly at his residence in Smith’s Falls, on the 6th of February, 1878, regretted and revered by all who knew him. His funeral was attended by a large deputation from both branches of the legislature.

Saint-Pierre, Henri C., Advocate, Montreal, was born in the parish of Rigaud, county of Vaudreuil, province of Quebec, on the 13th of September, 1844, but was brought up at Isle-Bizard, in Jacques-Cartier county. He is the last child but one of a family of nine, composed of seven girls and two boys. His father, Joseph Saint-Pierre, a farmer of Isle-Bizard, died, when his son Henri was only two years old. His mother, Domithilde Denis, is still living. His first ancestor on his father’s side in Canada was Pierre Breillé-Saint-Pierre, who was usually called Pierre Saint-Pierre. He had emigrated from Normandy, and on his arrival in Canada settled at Isle-Bizard. In 1741 he was married to Françoise Thibault, by whom he had a large family. He was killed at the battle of Carillon in 1758. His eldest son, bearing the same name, was married to Marie Josephte Tayon, and from that marriage was born, on the 23rd of August, 1772, Guillaume, the father of Joseph, and the grandfather of the gentleman who is the subject of this sketch. Domithilde Denis, the mother of Mr. Saint-Pierre, belonged to a family of farmers from La Pointe Claire, which traces its origin in Canada as far back as the days of the first French settlements, the first colonist of that name, Jacques Denis, having settled at Lachine in 1689. After the death of his father, Mr. Saint-Pierre was adopted by a near relative, C. Raymond, a merchant at Isle-Bizard, who took charge of his education. At twelve years of age he entered the Montreal College, where he went through a brilliant classical course of study. He was the college mate of the unfortunate patriot, Louis Riel. From his childhood Mr. Saint-Pierre had always exhibited a strong liking for military life; but as he grew older, this liking ripened into an uncontrollable passion; so much so, that on leaving college one of the first things he did was to solicit from his mother and his adopted father the permission to enlist in the United States army. At this time the war between the North and South was raging at its highest pitch. It is almost needless to say that his request was unhesitatingly and peremptorily refused. With no small degree of disappointment and reluctance, he at last chose the study of the law, and was sent to Kingston in Ontario, in order that he might improve his knowledge of the English language. At Kingston he was articled to James Agnew, one of the leading lawyers of that city. He soon got tired of the law, however, and on the very day when he was to undergo his preliminary examination at Osgoode Hall, in Toronto, yielding to his passion for military life, he crossed over to Niagara Falls, and thence took the first train to New York. On his arrival there he enlisted in the 76th New York volunteers, which was then forming part of the first corps in the Potomac army. To his honour be it said, it was only after considerable hesitation that General Johnson, the chief recruiting officer, consented to enlist the runaway school-boy. Mr. Saint-Pierre of course entered the service as a private, but in less than two months he rose to the rank of sergeant. During General Meade’s retreat towards Centreville, in the fall of 1863, he was wounded at the crossing of the Rapahannock, and had only recently resumed duty when in the fight at Mine Run, near Fredericksburg, he was again wounded. He was picked up by a detachment of General Stewart’s rebel cavalry on the field of battle, and was brought to Gordonsville during the night, and on the following day sent to Richmond as a prisoner of war. In his regiment he had been reported as dead, and some time afterwards his name was published in the list of those who had been killed in that fight. The result of this information was that funeral services were held both in the Montreal College and in his native parish, and prayer asked for the salvation of his soul. To give a detailed and circumstantial account of the suffering which Mr. Saint-Pierre had to endure, and all the adventures he had to go through in his numerous attempts to escape from starvation and death in the southern stockades, would require a narrative which could hardly be comprised within the compass of a whole volume; but one may form some idea of it, however, when the names of the following prisons wherein he was successively detained are mentioned: Bell Island and Parmenton building at Richmond, Andersonville in Georgia, and Charleston’s race ground and Florence in South Carolina. After thirteen months of indescribable sufferings, he at last found himself free at Charleston on the day when the city was evacuated by the Southern troops in the spring of 1865. After the war was over, Mr. Saint-Pierre returned to his native country, where he was greeted as one who had risen from the dead. In March, 1866, he resumed his legal studies, and was first articled to the late Sir George Etienne Cartier, but a year afterwards he became a student in the office of the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, where he remained up to the time of his admission to the bar on the 12th of July, 1870. In 1871 Mr. Saint-Pierre entered in partnership with the Hon. Gédéon Ouimet, then attorney-general, and some time afterwards prime minister for the province of Quebec; and on that gentleman’s appointment as superintendent of education, after his having resigned his office as prime minister, Mr. Saint-Pierre found himself at the head of his law office and the sole possessor of his large clientèle. Mr. Saint-Pierre soon reached the foremost rank in his profession, and to-day the firm of Saint-Pierre, Globensky & Poirier, is one of the leading firms in the district of Montreal. But it is more particularly as a criminalist that Mr. Saint-Pierre has distinguished himself. Few lawyers have been so successful in the practice of that branch of the law; and whether it be in the often arduous task of bringing conviction to the minds of juries, or in that no less difficult one of unravelling a knotty point of law, he has few equals and no superior in his native province. He has frequently acted as Crown attorney and as substitute of the attorney-general for the province of Quebec, both in Montreal and in the adjoining districts. In politics Mr. Saint-Pierre is a Liberal. He was selected to run as the Liberal candidate in Jacques-Cartier, in 1878, for the local house, but was defeated by the former member, L. N. Lecavalier, who succeeded in securing his re-election by a small majority. Since that date Mr. Saint-Pierre has taken very little part in active politics. At the general elections for the federal house in 1887 he was selected as the Candidat National, first in the county of Laprairie, in opposition to Mr. Tassé, the Conservative nominee, and afterwards in the county of Jacques-Cartier, in opposition to Mr. Girouard, but declined in both instances. Mr. Saint-Pierre was married in 1874 to Adeline Albina Lesieur, eldest daughter of Adolphe Lesieur, merchant, of Terrebonne. She is a niece of the late Hon. Thos. Jean-Jacques Loranger, of the Hon. L. O. Loranger, a judge of the Superior Court, and of J. M. Loranger, Q.C. Mrs. Saint-Pierre is a handsome and accomplished lady and an excellent musician. She is often seen at charity concerts, contributing, by her distinguished talent as a pianist, to the enjoyment of the evening; whilst her husband, Mr. Saint-Pierre, who is the possessor of a splendid bass voice, and a cultured singer, varies the entertainment by his singing. Mr. and Mrs. Saint-Pierre were both born and brought up Roman catholics, and they have a family of five children, the eldest of whom, Master Henri, is only nine years old. In 1856 Mrs. Saint-Pierre, the elder, was married to John Wilson, a wealthy farmer of Isle-Bizard. He was a widower and the father of several boys. Two of those boys were married to two of Mrs. Saint-Pierre’s daughters. The youngest of those gentlemen was recently elected deputy-reeve of the county of Prescott, in Ontario. Mrs. Saint-Pierre has survived her second husband, who died in 1858. She has now reached the ripe old age of seventy-nine. She is yet strong and hearty, and lately was invited to the christening of an infant (a girl) who was the grand-daughter of her own grand-daughter. She was thereby given an opportunity seldom offered, even to very aged grand-mothers, that of seeing her fourth generation.

Hemming, Edward John, D.C.L., ex-M.P.P., Advocate, etc., Drummondville, province of Quebec, is the third son of the late Henry Keene Hemming, estate agent, and for many years lessee of extensive brick-fields at Gray’s, Essex on the Thames; and Sophia Wirgman, daughter of Thomas Wirgman, from Stockholm, Sweden, and aunt to Lieut.-Colonel Wirgman, late of the 10th Hussars, in their lifetime of London, England, and Lismore, Ireland (in connection with the Duke of Devonshire estates), and latterly (where they died and were buried), of Great Marlow, Bucks, having previously lived farming near Drummondville, P.Q., for a few years, when they returned to England. There is every reason to believe that his father was directly descended from John Hemming, Shakespeare’s associate and literary executor. An uncle of his father, the Rev. Samuel Hemming, D.D., was chaplain to the Royal Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and as such intimate with all the then royal dukes, the Duke of Sussex standing godfather to two of his children. His father was also uncle to the late Hon. Judge Dunkin, member of the Privy Council of Canada, etc., etc. (his sister being the judge’s mother), and also cousin to the late Charles F. Smithers, president of the Bank of Montreal. After the lapse of about a hundred years, the two families of Hemming and Smithers have intermarried again, Walter G. A. Hemming, of Toronto, a nephew of the subject of this sketch, having lately married a daughter of Charles F. Smithers. Edward John Hemming was born on the 30th August, 1823, in London, England, that is to say Clapham, Surrey, and was educated at the Clapham Grammar School, under the Rev. Charles Pritchard, M.A., a Cambridge wrangler. Among his schoolmates who have since achieved distinction may be mentioned the Rev. Dr. Bradley, dean of Westminster Abbey; Sir George Groves, of Sydenham Palace fame; and his brother, George Wirgman Hemming, of Lincoln’s Inn, Q.C., lately of Hyde Park, now of South Kensington, London, late fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge, senior wrangler of the university—one of the commissioners named by the Imperial Parliament for revising the statutes of Cambridge University;—editor of the “Equity Law Reports” under the council of the English bar, etc., who married his second cousin, a grand niece of Sir David Baird, the hero of Seringapatam and Corunna. To show the heredity of genius we may mention that one of his sons, now in the Royal Engineers, not only came out first at the final examination at the Royal Military College, Woolwich, but surpassed the one next to him by more than a thousand marks. On leaving school in 1839, Mr. Hemming went to sea as a midshipman, making his two last trips to India in the old East Indiaman, Herefordshire, commanded by Captain Richardson, a cousin. He left her at Bombay in 1843, to join the Seyd Khan, opium clipper trading to China with a Lascar crew, as second officer, under Captain Horsburgh, a nephew of the famous Captain Horsburgh of East India Directory fame. During his voyages, he visited the Cape of Good Hope, Isle of France, Bombay, Madras, Calcutta, Batavia, Hong Kong, Canton, Amoy, Chusan, Woosing and St. Helena, this latter before the removal of the great Bonaparte. After remaining in China a couple of years, he returned home to his father in Ireland in 1845, where he remained studying farming till 1851. During his residence at Lismore, the Smith O’Brien rebellion broke out, and he then made acquaintance with Nicholas O’Gorman, once secretary to the Catholic Emancipation League, under O’Connell, but then a loyal subject; also of Richard O’Gorman, his nephew, one of the Young Irelanders; who had to flee the country in order to escape prosecution for his action in that rebellion. Richard O’Gorman is now a judge in New York. Liebig’s work on agricultural chemistry, then lately published, having caused a great sensation, he turned his attention to the subject, and the Royal Agricultural Society of England having offered a prize open to all the world on the occasion of the International Exhibition of 1851, for the best essay on chemistry applied to agriculture, Mr. Hemming entered the competition and carried off the prize. This essay may be found in the Parliamentary library at Ottawa. While attending the International Exhibition in 1851, he met his cousin, afterwards Judge Dunkin, who prevailed upon him to enter his office in Montreal as a law student, and he commenced his legal studies in the office of Bethune & Dunkin in the fall of that year. Among his fellow students were the Judges Ramsay, and Papineau, and Julius Scriver, the M.P. for Huntingdon; and he also entered the law course of McGill College, and in 1855, took his degree of B.C.L., being first in honours; and in 1871, took his degree of D.C.L. in course. While he was a law student he was elected president of the Law Students’ Society, succeeding the late Judge Ramsay of the Court of Queen’s Bench; Judge Baby, now of the same court, being elected secretary-treasurer. Shortly after, in May, 1855, he was admitted to the bar, and immediately returned to England, where, on the 19th July, 1855, he was married to Sophia Louisa Robinson (a cousin), eldest daughter of the late Thomas Robinson, of London and Norwood, merchant, and returned to Montreal the same year, and commenced practising law in partnership with A. H. Lunn. He was employed by G. W. Wickstead, Q.C., law clerk of the Legislative Assembly of Canada, on behalf of the government, to compile a digested index of all the statute law in force from the conquest to that date, preparatory to a consolidation of the statutes, which work he accomplished to his satisfaction. In 1851, he entered the active militia force by joining the Montreal Light Infantry Battalion as second lieutenant, and served therein for seven years, until he was gazetted out on leaving limits as unattached, retaining his rank of captain. In 1858, at the suggestion of Judge Dunkin, who, at that time, was member for Drummond and Arthabaska, and who intended residing in Drummond county (and his father having just arrived from England and purchased a farm in the neighbourhood of Drummondville), he left his practice in Montreal and came to Drummondville, which was then nothing but a deserted village in the middle of the woods and out of the world, although practically the chef-lieu of the then newly constituted district of Arthabaska, the only resident lawyers living there; now, thanks to the railroad, Drummondville is a thriving village of two thousand inhabitants, with flourishing manufactures and magnificent water powers, but has lost its pre-eminence in law since the erection of a court house at the chef-lieu, and the formation of a resident bar at Arthabaskaville. Mr. Dunkin, however, being defeated afterwards by J. B. E. Dorion, l’Enfant Terrible, obtained a seat in Brome county and permanently settled in that county at Knowlton. In 1867, on the death of l’Enfant Terrible (the then member for Drummond and Arthabaska), shortly before confederation, Mr. Hemming was invited by a large number of the electors to become a candidate for the Quebec legislature under confederation, and although he was opposed by the late Judge Dorion (a brother of l’Enfant Terrible), on the Liberal side, and by N. Hébert, as a French Conservative, he had a majority over both candidates combined, and stood at the head of the poll with nearly two hundred majority, and this, notwithstanding that the constituency was five-sixths French. During that parliament he took a prominent part in inaugurating the railway fever of that time and the government policy of subsidizing the railways consequent thereon. He obtained a charter for what is now the northern branch of the South Eastern Railway, under the then name of the Richelieu, Drummond and Arthabaska River Railway, one hundred miles in length; successfully (for every one but himself) promoted the scheme and constructed the road, was elected president of the company and gave to L. A. Sénécal the first railway contract he ever had, and finally transferred the road to the South Eastern Company on certain conditions which, we regret to say, were never fully carried out. He also greatly developed the two counties by opening up colonization roads; and took an active part in revising the municipal code. During this time he was elected president of the Agricultural Society of the county of Drummond, No. 1, and held the office until the society was constituted for the whole county. In 1870, a vacancy occuring in the lucrative office of prothonotary for the district of Arthabaska, the Hon. M. Chauveau, the then premier, nominated him to the same, but a difficulty arising in connection with the Hon. G. Irvine, who was then solicitor-general in the Chauveau administration, and who represented a portion of the district, in order to oblige Hon. M. Chauveau, he finally consented to decline the nomination, and to present himself once more in 1871 for re-election against the Hon. W. Laurier, the Liberal candidate, but was defeated by a large majority, principally on the ground of nationality and railway difficulties. Shortly afterwards, Mr. Hemming was elected warden of the county of Drummond, which office he resigned, when two years afterwards, he was appointed district magistrate (the equivalent of county judge in the other provinces) for the districts of Arthabaska and St. Francis, in conjunction with G. E. Rioux, but practically the two districts were divided, Mr. Hemming taking the former, and Mr. Rioux the latter. About the same time it was commonly reported in the press and elsewhere, that he was to be the new Superior Court judge, for the district, as the representative of the Protestant element among the six new judges, but at the end the Protestant element was eliminated altogether. While holding the office of district magistrate he was named sole commissioner by the Quebec government to investigate and report on the management and working of the prothonotary’s and other offices in the Montreal court-house, including the police office. Mr. Bréhaut (a Protestant) having resigned his office of police magistrate, and received another appointment in consequence of this report, it was again positively reported that Mr. Hemming was to be appointed police magistrate in his stead, but at the very last moment Judge Desnoyers was substituted. In 1878, during Mr. Joly’s short régime, when great efforts were made to introduce the American system, “to the victors belong the spoils,” Mr. Hemming and thirteen other district magistrates had their commissions revoked, on the ground of economy, without receiving any indemnity whatever for the loss of their office, and Mr. Rioux, being a Liberal, was awarded Mr. Hemming’s district in addition to his own, thus eliminating the only Protestant on the police bench in the whole province of Quebec. Strange to say, the succeeding Conservative administration in Quebec never took any steps either to reinstate or indemnify Mr. Hemming for the loss of his office, although nearly all his French colleagues were provided for one way or the other. As he had to commence his practice anew he retired from public life for some years; but in 1881, at the urgent request of the local government, consented to run against the Hon. George Irvine in the Conservative interest in Megantic, but was again defeated, not having received the support promised him, and having entered into the contest only a week before the polling. In this year he was named census commissioner for the county of Drummond by the Dominion government; and in 1885 revising officer for the same county under the Franchise Act. Having a short time previously consented to take a part in municipal matters again, he was elected mayor of Drummondville and warden of the county for the second time. He was also elected syndic of the Bar of Arthabaska, which office he held until his recent appointment as joint prothonotary and Clerk of the Crown for that district. Mr. Hemming has for some years past been an associate member of the Protestant Committee of the Council of Public Instruction for the province of Quebec, where he has been working for some time past to procure the introduction of religious teaching in the Protestant public schools, and has so far succeeded as to have the Bible placed upon the list of authorized text books. In religious matters Mr. Hemming is a member of the Church of England, and has acted for many years past as lay reader whenever his services have been required. And on one occasion in the absence of a clergyman after the church at Drummondville was destroyed by fire, conducted the services for nearly a year, and thereby kept the congregation together. He was churchwarden of St. George’s Church, Drummondville, for eighteen years, and has been elected a delegate to the Diocesan Synod of Quebec and to the Provincial Synod since 1862 without any intermission, and during these 25 years has never failed attending a single session of either of these synods. Mr. Hemming is old-fashioned enough to believe in the Bible, and consequently has no faith in Darwinism, secular education or prohibition. With regard to the latter, he says he cannot bring himself to believe that the Saviour was a criminal when he made and drank wine at the marriage feast, nor when he commanded his disciples to drink wine in his memory at the Lord’s Supper. In politics, he is and has always been a Conservative, and does not believe in the principles of the French or American revolutions, nor in the divine right of the people, and he believes that authority ought to come from above and not from below. Mr. Hemming cannot understand the theory of allowing the fools to elect the wise men, nor why a majority should have the right to utterly crush out the minority, and still less why a small minority that happens to hold the balance of power under our constitution, should have the power of controlling the overwhelming majority of the nation. Neither does he believe in Adam Smith. He has been a protectionist ever since the times of Sir Robert Peel, D’Israeli and Lord George Bentinck, and has never seen any occasion to change his opinion, notwithstanding it was considered rank heresy to say so. After a lifetime he begins to see signs that the British are beginning to discover that our social system is founded on the family, each with its own interest (the nation being merely an extension of that idea), and that until the whole world becomes one family, the theory of free trade which is based on that idea must be inapplicable. It will be seen by the foregoing that Mr. Hemming has led a pretty active life, which may be considered as decidedly professional, having been a sailor, soldier, farmer, lawyer, legislator, judge, doctor (in law) and (lay) parson. His sons are taking different branches of the professions. His eldest son being a law student, another is in the Canadian army, being a lieutenant in the Infantry School corps, and a third in the Canadian marine, being second officer on board of one of the government cruisers for the protection of the fisheries.

McCosh, John, Barrister, Orillia, Ontario, was born in Paris, Brant county, Ontario, on the 6th September, 1844. His father, Robert McCosh, M.D., was a native of Beith, Ayrshire, Scotland, who graduated at the University of Edinburgh, and came to Canada in 1834. Shortly after his arrival he located in Paris, and in a very few years gained a large medical practice in the county of Brant. He died in 1862. His mother was a Miss Irwin, of Welland. She was from the north of Ireland, and emigrated with her mother and brothers about the year 1836. Her brothers became merchants, and carried on a large business, one in Paris, and the other in Galt. John McCosh received his education in the Paris High School, and subsequently studied law in the office of Clark Gamble, Q.C., Toronto, and afterwards in the office of the present Chief Justice Cameron. He was enrolled as a solicitor in 1868, and called to the bar in 1874. Mr. McCosh then opened a law office in Paris, where he continued to practise his profession for about two years, and in 1871 removed to Orillia, where he has since resided, and has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. Apart from his professional duties, Mr. McCosh has found time to devote a good deal of his time to the public good, and in appreciation of his disinterested services, his fellow-townsmen elected him, on different occasions, to the highest office in their gift, and he accordingly filled the office of mayor in the years 1881, 1882, and in 1886. He was also, in 1886, nominated for the Ontario legislature by the Liberal-Conservatives of East Simcoe, but afterwards withdrew from the canvass, he having failed to agree with the party on the “Protestant” and “Prohibition” cries. Mr. McCosh is a rising man, and we hope to see him some day in the legislature of his country. He is married to Mary Stanton, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Stanton, postmaster of Paris.

Norman, Rev. Richard Whitmore, M.A., D.C.L., Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal, was born at Southborough, Kent, England, on 24th April, 1829. His father was Richard Norman, merchant, of London, son of George Norman, a large landed proprietor of Bromley, Kent, England; and his mother, Emma Stone, was a daughter of George Stone, of Chiselhurst, Kent, head of the oldest private banking house in London, now Martin & Co., 68 Lombard street. The subject of our sketch, Rev. Dr. Norman, was educated at King’s College, London, and afterwards at Exeter College, Oxford; and was, in 1852, ordained deacon, and priest in 1853. He was curate of St. Thomas, Oxford, in 1852; fellow of Radley College, 1853; fellow and head master of St. Michael’s College, Tenbury, 1857; and warden of Radley College, 1861 to 1866. In consequence of hard work his health became impaired, and he left England in 1866, in the hope that a short sojourn in Canada would do him good. He had not been long on this side the Atlantic when his health began to improve, and family circumstances prompted him to make Canada his future home. Previous to his coming here he had but slight experience in strictly ministerial work, his principal labours in England having been connected with higher education; but since then he has heartily thrown himself into pastoral work, without having entirely abandoned education. In 1868 he was appointed assistant at St. John the Evangelist’s Church, Montreal; assistant at St. James the Apostle’s Church, 1872; rector of St. Matthias Church, 1883; and is now (1887) canon assistant of Christ Church Cathedral. Rev. Dr. Norman was, in 1878, a member of the council and vice-chancellor of the University of Bishop’s College; a member of the Protestant School Board in 1879, and chairman of the same in 1880; vice-president of the Montreal Art Association in 1882, and president in 1887; vice-president of the Montreal Philharmonic Society in 1879; member of the Protestant Committee of Public Instruction in 1883; hon. clerical secretary of the Anglican Provincial Synod in 1880; and in 1882 was elected a fellow of McGill College, Montreal. Rev. Dr. Norman belongs to the Masonic fraternity, and occupied the position of worshipful master of Apollo University lodge, Oxford, in 1861-1863, and the same office in Abingdon lodge in 1864. He was also eminent commander of encampment Cœur-de-Lion, Oxford, 1858. Rev. Dr. Norman has published several volumes of sermons, and various pamphlets, which have been well received by the public. He is still in the prime of life, and we hope has many years of usefulness still before him. He has always been a member of the Anglican communion, and is unmarried.

Rice, Charles, Registrar of the High Court of Justice, etc., Perth, Ontario, was born on the 7th of November, 1822, in the township of Drummond, in the county of Lanark, about two miles from the town of Perth, which then contained but a few log buildings used chiefly for government stores, the settlement being composed of discharged soldiers and their families located by the government at the close of the American war of 1812. His father, John Rice, was born in the county Down, Ireland, at or near Newry, and was descended from a collateral branch of the Monteagle family. Returning home from school one afternoon when about sixteen years old, he was kidnapped by the press-gang and forced on board a British man-of-war bound on a cruise for the coast of Newfoundland and Gulf of St. Lawrence. He continued on board ship doing duty as a sailor, until the American war broke out, when he left the vessel and enlisted as a private soldier in the Newfoundland Fencibles and took part in the battles of Chrysler’s Farm, Stoney Creek, Burlington Heights, and other engagements. He was promoted to the rank of sergeant, was wounded at Burlington Heights, and at the close of the war got his discharge with a pension and a grant of land. He had married Hannah Van Boeler, then the widow of John Woodlands, who had been killed in battle. She was born at Annapolis, Nova Scotia, of Dutch parents who had emigrated from the Netherlands and settled at Annapolis. They were descended from those sturdy and brave Dutchmen who had battled for their liberty for forty years against the colossal power of Spain under Phillip II. John Rice, through hard work, had effected a considerable clearance on his lot, and was prospering apace, when one summer, at the latter end of August, the barn in which all the produce of the farm had been stored, took fire and was burned down with all its contents, and he had to run in debt to the late Hon. R. Matheson for supplies to support the family for an entire year. This debt accumulated in Matheson’s books at compound interest at ten per cent., and in a few years Matheson got a deed of the farm, with a verbal understanding to re-convey when the debt should be paid off, which was never done in the lifetime of John Rice. Born and brought up in a log shanty, in what was then the backwoods, the subject of this sketch, Charles Rice, had but a poor chance of getting any education. There were no public schools, no free schools, in those days; and at intervals he was sent to a private school kept in Perth by the late Mr. Hudson, and afterwards to another kept by the late Dawson Kerr. On arriving at the age of fourteen Mr. Rice had been at school for about two years in all, and had only acquired some knowledge of reading, writing, and arithmetic. When about twelve years old, in the month of November, he hired out at six dollars a month to burn coal to earn money to buy himself a pair of boots for the winter. The following year, in the beginning of December, he hired as bookkeeper with Aaron Chambers, who had a lumber shanty, taking out oak timber near Peter McArthur’s, in the township of Beckwith. He started on foot and walked to Franktown, fifteen miles, and arrived there at dark only to find that he had five miles farther to go to reach the shanty, through a section of country and bush roads that he knew nothing about; but by following closely the directions given him, he succeeded in finding the place some two or three hours after dark. This was Saturday night. Chambers had hired him to keep his books, and on Sunday informed him that besides keeping the books he would have to cook for the men and chop the fire-wood. This he refused to do, and on Monday morning left the shanty and footed it home. He continued to work on the farm until about sixteen years old, when he was apprenticed to James Thompson (the present sheriff), to learn the printing business in the old Bathurst Courier office (now the Perth Courier). This was in May, 1839. About two years and a half after this, in the beginning of winter, he left the Courier office, took the stage to Brockville, thence by stage to Kingston (there were no railroads in those days), and arrived there at night penniless but not despairing. The Kingston News had just been started by S. and J. Rowlands, and he got work on this newspaper. The following summer he returned home, his father having died in the meantime, and worked for about two years longer in the Courier office. Ere he had been a year in the Courier, for the first time, he became convinced that if he was to succeed in the printing business, he must acquire a better education than he then had. A young lawyer in town, Henry Sache, who was sometimes hard up through nobody’s fault but his own, offered to sell him a Latin dictionary cheap. He closed the bargain and bought it, and at once determined to study Latin. The reader will no doubt smile when informed that he commenced his studies by committing the Latin dictionary to memory! A few evenings afterwards Mr. Sache, coming in and finding him intent at the dictionary, asked what he was doing. He replied that he had commenced to study Latin, and was learning the dictionary off by heart. His visitor smiled, and informed him that he would never learn the language that way—that he must get a Latin grammar, study that, and then commence to translate. But where was he to get a Latin grammar? Sache had sold his, and there was none for sale in Perth. The nearest place was Brockville; and so he got the stage-driver on his next trip to buy him one and bring it out, and how he exulted over the possession of that book! Every spare moment was thenceforth devoted to study, and with some assistance that he got from Ephraim Patterson, who was then studying for the church, he made pretty rapid progress. This intercourse with Patterson had induced in him a desire to study for the Church of England ministry. He talked the matter over with the late Rev. Michael Harris, and on a confirmation visit to Perth, he had an interview with Bishop Strachan on the subject. They both approved his decision, and while offering words of encouragement, pointed out the great difficulties that would have to be overcome, the subjects that would require to be studied and mastered before he could take a college degree and qualify for holy orders. Nothing daunted, the young man determined to persevere—what others had done he could do—it was only a question of time. He now reduced his course of studies to a system. He had to work ten hours a day in the printing office to support himself; so he rose at four o’clock in the morning, winter and summer, and studied Greek till six, when work commenced at type-setting. Of the breakfast hour and dinner hour he devoted forty minutes of each to the study of Euclid. From seven till ten p.m. was devoted to the study of Latin. Of course, his health occasionally broke down under this severe strain and compelled a short cessation, but only to be resumed again. Kingston was the seat of government when young Rice went there the second time and got work in the News office. Parliament opened in the fall, and Dr. Barker, of the British Whig, secured the contract for the government printing; and as he offered higher wages than the News was paying, young Rice entered the Whig office on the parliamentary work. Lord Metcalfe was governor at the time, and quarrelled with his ministers (Baldwin, Lafontaine, Rolph, etc.), on the question of responsible government. The ministry resigned, parliament was dissolved, the work in the Whig office stopped, and a lot of journeyman printers, young Rice among the rest, were thrown out of work, and he concluded to return to Perth, which at that time and at that season of the year was no easy matter. A small steamer, the last of the season, was advertised to leave Kingston for Brockville, and on this steamer he took passage and left in the afternoon, arriving in Brockville about four o’clock the next morning; the steamer’s paddle-wheels having got so coated with ice as to render progress difficult and slow. From Brockville he took the stage to Perth, a two-wheeled cart drawn by two horses, and the journey to Perth in that cart over rough and hard frozen roads, on a cold December day, was one not soon to be forgotten. Once more in Perth, he engaged with Mr. Thompson to work on the Courier half time, an arrangement which just suited him, as it gave him means enough to live on, and afforded ample time to pursue his studies. And here it may be as well to mention that while living in Kingston, a Frenchman from Paris, who was giving private lessons in French in the city, came to board in the same house. This was an opportunity not to be lost, and young Rice at once entered on the study of the French language, and worked at it diligently every evening after tea; and when he left Kingston six months after, he could read, write, and speak French with tolerable fluency. The arrangement with Mr. Thompson was only temporary, as Mr. Thompson entered upon the study of law in the office of the late W. O. Buell, and took Mr. Rice into partnership to manage and conduct the Courier business, as Mr. Thompson’s name had to be dropped from the paper on signing articles as a law student. At this time Mr. Rice entered upon his career as a journalist, his political articles, however, being revised by Mr. Thompson. The partnership continued until the first of January, 1852, when Mr. Thompson, having been appointed sheriff of the county of Lanark, sold out the Courier printing office to Mr. Rice, who continued to publish and edit the paper, having changed the name to the Perth Courier, until the first of January, 1863, when he sold out to the late G. L. Walker, brother of the present publisher and editor, Jas. M. Walker, and thenceforth ceased all connection with political journalism. In May, 1862, the Canadian parliament was in session in Quebec, and Sir John A. Macdonald’s ministry was defeated by a small majority, and the late John Sanfield Macdonald was called upon to found a new ministry, which he succeeded in doing. At this time the office of County Court clerk, deputy-clerk of the Crown, and registrar of Surrogate Court was vacant by the death of the late C. H. Sache. On the change of government, and the reform party coming into power, Mr. Rice at once applied for the office, and on the 10th of June was appointed to fill the vacancy, and which office he still holds (May, 1886). In 1864 Mr. Rice was appointed by the Hon. John Sanfield Macdonald to the commission of the peace. In 1856 he bought out the book and stationery store of Wm. Allan, but after continuing the business for two years, and finding it did not succeed to his satisfaction, wound it up and again confined his attention exclusively to the newspaper business. During his connection with the press, Mr. Rice was a strong and pronounced advocate of reform principles and responsible government, his political editorials on the questions of the day being often copied into other journals. The legislative union between Upper and Lower Canada did not work well, owing to differences in sectional interests, race and religion. Among the many schemes proposed to make the machinery of government work more smoothly, and allay sectional jealousies, was the one known as the “double majority” principle, advocated by John Sanfield Macdonald, and opposed by George Brown and the Globe. Mr. Macdonald’s scheme was that all measures purely local to Lower Canada should be dealt with by Lower Canadian members exclusively; and those purely local to Upper Canada, by Upper Canada members exclusively; while general measures affecting the whole province should be dealt with by the united parliament as a whole. Mr. Rice, in the editorial columns of the Courier, supported Mr. Macdonald’s scheme. Confederation came shortly after, and partly solved the problem. During his connection with the press, Mr. Rice took an active part in all the election contests and political movements in the county of Lanark. He gave the influence of the paper in supporting the Brockville and Ottawa Railway scheme, which has since developed into the great Canadian Pacific Railway. He was the first to advocate the construction of plank roads in the county of Lanark, resulting in the formation of a company, and making the plank road from Perth to Lanark, which has since become macadamised. He was ever foremost in advocating schemes of public enterprise and improvement. Since his retirement from journalism, Mr. Rice has contributed several articles on various subjects of a non-political nature to the public press, which have appeared in the Liberal, the National, the Week, the Globe, Canadian Monthly, and local papers. Probably those that have attracted most attention are his articles against prohibitory liquor laws, and notably, the Scott Act. Mr. Rice was brought up in the Church of England faith, was baptized by the Rev. M. Harris, and confirmed by Bishop Strachan. He was a constant attendant at that church, but his outspoken advocacy of reform principles in his newspaper exasperated some of the more hot-headed tories; and one Sunday morning, on going to church, he was confronted with a placard stuck up on the church door denouncing and libelling him on account of his political opinions. He never entered the church again, and joined the Presbyterian Free church. While pursuing his studies for the ministry he had access to the theological library of the Rev. M. Harris, and read the best standard works on church history and Christian evidences, as well as the doctrinal standards of the church. The evidence and arguments contained in these works, however, did not satisfy him—he felt that there was a weakness and a want running through them—something ignored that ought to have appeared; and he determined to see and know the other side and sift the matter to the bottom. With this view, he purchased and read the latest modern works on Christian evidences and Biblical criticism—Strauss, Renan, the Jubingen school, Dr. Davidson, Mackay, Kimberly, Greig, and many others; and the scientific works of Darwin, Spencer, Huxly, Lyell, Tyndall, Buchner, Heckel, Combe, Lubbick, Fiske, and many others, and finally, after many years of study and research, settled down into a confirmed Agnostic. The knowledge he had acquired of the Latin, Greek, and French languages was of great service to him in his reading and studies. On the 18th of April, 1848, he married Grace Murray, daughter of the late James Murray, a native of Paisley, Scotland, who had emigrated to this country and settled in the township of Lanark. Brought up in the backwoods like himself, her educational acquirements were not much, and, like himself, she was chiefly self-taught; but she naturally possessed more than an average share of strong, sound, practical common sense—invaluable qualities in a woman; and her sound, sensible advice prudently given and judiciously acted upon many times proved of great value to her husband in surmounting business difficulties. Five children were born of the marriage, two sons and three daughters. The oldest son, John Albert, grew up to be a young man of promise. At the age of eighteen he was attending the Military School at Toronto, when the Fenian raid occurred, and accompanied the volunteers to Ridgeway. On their return to Toronto he was presented by the volunteers with a silver-headed cane, with suitable inscription, as a token of their appreciation of the services he had rendered. He afterwards published and edited the Paris Transcript, in the county of Brant, for about two years, but failing health compelled him to abandon it, and shortly after his return home he died. One daughter, Jeanetta, died at the age of fourteen of heart disease. The oldest daughter, Carrie Elizabeth, married Joseph Lamont, proprietor of the Headquarters hotel in the city of Fargo, Dakota, where the youngest daughter, Ida, in November, 1883, died from accidental poisoning, on the eve of her marriage to Charles Scott, now mayor of the city of Fargo. The youngest son, James M., is working at the printing business in Chicago. So that all Mr. Rice’s posterity seem destined to be citizens of the United States. Unaided and unassisted from any person or any quarter, by indomitable perseverance and a determination to succeed, Mr. Rice worked his way up from a log shanty in the woods to his present position of local registrar of the High Court of Justice. He never wholly failed in anything he undertook to do. If he had to cross a mountain and could not climb it, he would go around. Although it is twenty-three years since he retired from journalism, Mr. Rice’s name is still retained on the books of the Canadian Press Association.

Taylor, Henry, Hardware Merchant, Perth, Ontario, one of our young and pushing business men, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 9th of June, 1845. His father was Robert Taylor, merchant, Edinburgh; and his mother, Margaret, eldest daughter of William Darling, also a merchant in Edinburgh. Mr. Taylor, jr., was educated at private schools in his native city, and received a sound mercantile education. His father died when he was about ten years of age, and on the death of his mother in the spring of 1863 he, along with his brother William (now a merchant in Toronto), arrived in Montreal. Until 1872 he held positions in several of the leading hardware houses there, when he purchased the hardware business in Perth, county of Lanark, which he is now successfully carrying on. Mr. Taylor, for six years, belonged to the Victoria Rifles, Montreal, and served with his corps at Huntingdon, Quebec province, during the Fenian troubles of 1866. In politics Mr. Taylor is a Reformer; and in religion an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married, in Montreal, on the 5th November, 1868, to Sarah A., eldest daughter of Rev. Samuel Massey, and has a family of seven children, five daughters and two sons.

Milligan, Rev. George Macbeth, B.A., Pastor of Old St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church, Toronto. This rising and popular divine was born at Wick, Caithnessshire, Scotland, on the 11th of August, 1841, and when a mere lad came to Canada, and shortly after his arrival the family made Kingston their home. His parents were William Milligan and Catharine Macbeth. George received the first rudiments of his education at Pulteney Academy, Wick, and for some time after his arrival in this country he devoted himself to mechanical pursuits, but finding his inclinations lay in another direction, resolved to educate himself for the ministry, and with this object in view he entered Queen’s College, Kingston, and from this seat of learning he graduated in 1862, taking the first place in all his classes, and highest honours as a B.A. On the 4th of February, 1868, he was ordained to the ministry, and his first charge was at English Settlement, about fourteen miles distant from London, Ontario, and in this charge he remained until July, 1869, when he was called to Detroit. Here he laboured until the fall of 1876, doing good work for the Master, and making for himself many friends in the church, which in a great degree was built up under his pastorate. In 1876 Old St. Andrew’s Church, Toronto, was without a pastor, and the members invited the young preacher to cast in his lot with them. He therefore left Detroit and came to Toronto, and in October of that year he took charge of the congregation. At this time Old St. Andrew’s Church was in a weak condition, the greater part of its members having left the old building and gone with the Rev. Mr. Macdonnell, who for several years had preached in it, to the new St. Andrew’s Church, erected on the corner of King and Simcoe streets. Therefore Mr. Milligan had a hard task before him but he resolved to do his best to keep together the members that remained in the old church edifice, which was situated on the corner of Church and Adelaide streets. At this time the membership only numbered forty-eight persons, but he went to work, and in a very short time enthused his people to such an extent—the membership and congregation having considerably increased in the meantime—that they resolved to abandon the old building and erect a more handsome one on the corner of Jarvis and Carlton streets, which was soon done, and the Rev. Mr. Milligan had the satisfaction of taking possession of the new pulpit in March, 1878. Since then everything has progressed most satisfactorily, and he can now boast of having one of the largest and most influential congregations in the city. Its present membership is 500, and last year the congregation raised, for all purposes, $15,000. But Rev. Mr. Milligan did not confine himself entirely to his duties as pastor. He found the Ministerial Association in a very languid condition, and he resolved to raise it to more vigorous action. He was elected its president during the second year of its existence, and under his presidency it began to be recognised as a power for good in the community, and to-day it exerts an influence far beyond its narrow city bounds. He has also been connected in Toronto with various other public associations, such as temperance, and that for the suppression of crime. He was for years one of the examiners in connection with the intermediate examinations; has been invited by the trustees of Queen’s College, Kingston, to become lecturer on Church history; and for a long time has occupied a position in the Senate of Knox College, and taken a prominent part as an examiner in the same institution. During the election campaign in Ontario, in 1886, he took a prominent part in the discussion then raging with regard to Roman Catholic interference in the Central prison, and in educational matters in our public schools, and helped to clear the atmosphere, to a considerable degree, of the fog some of our politicians attempted to introduce into the controversy. Rev. Mr. Milligan, though a busy man, often finds time to communicate his thoughts through the columns of the newspapers and magazines, and a short time ago the Executive committee of the Foreign Mission Board of his church induced him to write a series of letters to the Globe on the foreign mission work of the Presbyterian Church, which attracted considerable attention at the time. Several of his sermons have been published, and have been well received, and his articles on scientific and ecclesiastical subjects in the magazines always find readers. During his summer vacations he frequently visits Britain. In 1881 he made an extensive tour through Europe, first visiting Britain, and penetrating as far north as John o’ Groat’s, which, by the way, is not very far from where he was born, and then travelled through France from Dieppe to Marseilles, along the shores of the Mediterranean through Cannes to Geneva, where he remained some time, and afterwards visited Paris, Pisa, Florence, Venice and Milan. While on this trip he took copious notes of what he saw, and afterwards embodied them in a course of lectures which he delivered in Toronto, and other places in Ontario, to large and appreciative audiences. He is also familiar with the greater portion of the Dominion from Prince Edward Island to Calgary in the North-West Territory. Rev. Mr. Milligan, it is needless to say, has been from his youth up a Presbyterian, and is conservative in some of his views on theology; yet he is in deep sympathy with many of the other branches of the Christian church. On the 19th November, 1867, he was married to Harriet Eunice Rowse, of Bath, Ontario. This lady is descended from the U. E. loyalists, who settled on the Bay of Quinté, and her grandfather was one of the elders of the Rev. Mr. McDowell, the founder of Presbyterianism in Western Canada. The fruit of the union is one son and three daughters.

Wilson, Rev. Robert, St. John, New Brunswick, was born on the 18th of February, 1833, in Fort George, Scotland. His father, Peter Wilson, was a sergeant in the 93rd Highlanders, and saw service during the reigns of Kings George IV., William IV., and Queen Victoria. He came to Canada with his regiment previous to the rebellion of 1837-38, and helped as a true British soldier to suppress it. At Toronto, in 1841, he got his discharge, and then went to Prince Edward Island, where he resided until his death. He was for many years a Methodist local preacher, and died on the 24th of April, 1883. Robert received his educational training at the public school, New Glasgow Road, and at the Central Academy, Charlottetown (now the Prince of Wales College). After leaving school he adopted the profession of teacher, and taught a district school for some years. During this time, and since, he has taken an active part in everything that has a tendency to elevate his fellow man—politics, temperance, and religion. He was foremost in the advocacy of the confederation of the provinces, using the platform and the press in its advocacy; of temperance, in divisions and the lodge-room, having held the position of W. P. in the Sons of Temperance, and W. C. and chaplain in the Order of Good Templars; and of religion by his pulpit ministrations and practical Christian life. Rev. Mr. Wilson is a warm advocate of Imperial federation, having been one of the first, if not the very first, in the Maritime provinces to press it upon the public attention. As a writer and lecturer on secular subjects he occupies a front position. His lectures rank high as thoughtful literary efforts, and his sermons are generally admired. In short, there is no minister of any denomination down by the sea who has more friends within and beyond his own church, or who so frequently and cheerfully responds to the calls of lecture committees. In politics, Mr. Wilson is a Liberal-Conservative, and had editorial charge of The New Brunswick Reporter, of The Albert County Advocate, and The Maple Leaf. He has also for years been a regular contributor to several newspapers. He has written and published several books, among others, “Tried but True,” 300 pages; and “Never Give Up,” 300 pages (works well spoken of by the provincial press), besides, “Judea and the Jews,” “British North America,” and “Britain among the Nations,” in pamphlet form. He has travelled extensively through Canada, New England, and as a Dominion immigration agent in Great Britain. Mr. Wilson was brought up in the faith of the Kirk of Scotland, but since 1851 he has been connected with the Methodist church. He entered the ministry in 1853, and has been chairman of the Sackville and St. John districts of the New Brunswick Conference, Secretary of the conference for five sessions, and first delegate in the General conference held in Toronto in 1886. He was strongly opposed to the basis of union by which the various Methodist bodies were made one, especially to the general superintendency, because of its tendencies to Prelacy, and its curtailment of the privileges of the Annual conference. He believed in the unification of the non-Episcopal Methodist churches, but thought it wiser to allow the Episcopal to work out their destiny in their own way, than to grant the concession demanded, which meant the complete revolutionizing of the Wesleyan economy. Rev. Mr. Wilson was married on the 7th of February, 1856, to Mary Anne Lane, daughter of William Ford, Prince Edward Island, formerly of Ring’s Ash, Devonshire, England. The fruit of this marriage is five daughters and one son. The latter, Albert Edward, is an officer in the postal service at Fredericton, New Brunswick. We may add that the Rev. Mr. Wilson was elected president of the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Conference in June, 1887.

Wallis, Herbert, Montreal, Mechanical Superintendent of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, was born at Derby, England, on March 10th, 1844, and comes of a family long resident in Derby, whose head was for several generations engaged in the business of stage-coaching. His father, William Wallace Wallis, abandoned the business on the advent of railways, and became one of the carriers or cartage agents of the Midland Railway, from which he retired, in favour of one of his sons, some years prior to his death. Herbert Wallis was educated at the Commercial College, near Halifax, England, and here he was specially trained in that branch of the engineering profession which he now follows. On the completion of his education he entered the service of the Midland Railway Company as a pupil of Matthew Kirtley, then locomotive superintendent, and was engaged in the drawing office and workshops of that railway at Derby till August, 1866, at which date he was appointed foreman of the locomotive and carriage departments at Bradford, Yorkshire. In March, 1871, he accepted the position offered to him by Mr. Richard Potter (the then president), of assistant mechanical superintendent of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, and sailed for Montreal on May 4th of that year; and in January, 1873, he was appointed chief mechanical superintendent. Mr. Wallis is a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers of England, and one of the council of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. He is a staunch supporter of the Church of England. He married Mary Ellen, eldest daughter of the late Thomas Walklate, formerly goods manager of the Midland Railway Company, in August, 1870.

Long, Thomas, Merchant, Collingwood, county of Simcoe, Ontario, was born in the county of Limerick, Ireland, on the 7th of April, 1836, and is the son of Thomas and Margaret Long. After procuring such education as he was able at the national school of his native village, he emigrated to this country when he was fourteen years old, arriving in the year 1850, and apprenticed himself to the general mercantile business with P. O’Shea, of Mono Centre, for a term of three years, during which he acquired such further educational advantages as could be obtained from time to time by attendance at the public school and by private study. On the expiration of his engagement with Mr. O’Shea, in the spring of 1853, Mr. Long came to Nottawasaga, and worked on the Northern Railway, then under construction, for about twelve months, after which he obtained another situation in a general store, which he held up to the 1st of December, 1858, when he embarked on his own account as a general merchant and buyer of grain and produce. In 1865 he was joined by his brother, John Joseph Long, and the firm thus formed traded under the style of T. Long & Brother. In 1868 a branch store was opened at Stayner, Simcoe county, and the business was carried on in this place under the name of Long Brothers & Gartlan, and in 1870 another branch was opened at Thornbury, Grey county. This enterprising firm, of which Thomas Long is now the senior partner, soon developed a wholesale trade, and they became large direct importers, which has since necessitated frequent visits of Mr. Long and his partners to the markets of Europe. In 1871 they erected fine new premises at Collingwood, which were unfortunately destroyed by fire in September, 1881, only, however, to be replaced by more commodious premises, in which the firm now carries on its principal business. In 1874 the firm erected, in connection with their business operations at Stayner, a flour mill, which proved a successful venture. Mr. Long has always taken the lead in all local enterprises carried on with the view of developing the business of the town and port of Collingwood. He was associated as stockholder and director with the late F. W. Cumberland, W. E. Sandford, and others in the establishment of the Lake Superior Navigation Company, which built the first steamer—The Cumberland—which traded with the Lake Superior ports. He was also one of the leading promoters of the Georgian Bay Transportation Company, and has otherwise greatly helped to promote the lake trade of his adopted country. Mr. Long served seven years in the town council, and eight years as a member of the Ontario legislature, in the Conservative interest, and is at present president of the North Simcoe Conservative Association. In addition to his business connection with the firm of T. Long & Bro., he has also the honours and responsibilities of the following public offices: vice-president and managing director of the Merritton Cotton Mill Company, Merritton; director of the Bank of London in Canada; secretary-treasurer of the Great Northern Transit Company; president of the Farmers’ North-West Land and Colonization Company; and president of the Great Northern Exhibition Company. Mr. Long is a member of the Roman Catholic church. He was married on the 13th of May, 1861, to Ann Patton, daughter of the late Charles Patton, builder, of Collingwood, by whom he has had fourteen children, of whom six are now living—three sons and three daughters.

Hall, Francis Alexander, Barrister, Perth, Ontario, was born in the town of Perth, county of Lanark, Ontario, on 9th August, 1843. His father, Francis Hall, was a native of Clackmannanshire, Scotland, who came to Canada in 1831, and settled in Lanark. His mother, Mary McDonnell, was also a native of Scotland, having been born in Greenock. Francis Alexander Hall received his education at the Perth Public and Grammar schools. After leaving school he spent about a year and a-half as a clerk with a general merchant, but disliking the business he resolved to make law his profession, and with this object in view entered, in 1860, the law office of the late W. M. Shaw, of Perth. Here he prosecuted his studies, and in August, 1866, was admitted as an attorney, and in May, 1868, was called to the bar. In November, 1867, he entered into partnership with Mr. Shaw, but this gentleman having died in December 30, 1868, Mr. Hall continued the business. In October, 1875, he formed a partnership with Edward Elliott, under the name of Hall and Elliott; but this arrangement only continued until October, 1878, when Mr. Elliott retired. In April, 1885, he took J. W. Berryman into partnership, but this partner dying in November, 1885, he once more conducts the business on his own account. Mr. Hall was made a Mason in True Britains’ lodge, No. 12, A. F. and A. M., in April, 1872. He is one of the charter members of Perth lodge, No. 190, A.O.U.W., and was elected master this year (1887). Mr. Hall has taken a deep interest in educational matters, and was elected a High School trustee in 1870. He has been a member of the Board of Education of Perth since 1870, and is now chairman of that board. He has also taken an interest in municipal matters, and occupied a seat in the town council in 1873, 1874, 1875 and 1876, and was mayor of Perth in 1881 and 1882. Mr. Hall has always been a Conservative in politics; and in religion he belongs to the Episcopal denomination. He is married to Harriet Frances, daughter of Lewis Dunham, a descendant of a U. E. loyalist who settled near Maitland.

Wild, Rev. Joseph, M.A., D.D., Pastor of Bond street Congregational Church, Toronto, was born at Summit, Littleborough, Lancashire, England, on the 16th of November, 1834. He was the youngest of five children. His father, Joseph Wild, was one of the best of men—a thorough practical Christian, who was respected by all classes of the community in which he lived. It was a notable fact that no one passed from time to eternity without the prayers of Joseph Wild first being sought, and no funeral was considered complete without his being present at the ceremony. He dressed plainly, following the style of Bourne and Clowes, and other noted founders of the Primitive Methodist church. In manner he was simple, easily approached, kind, sympathetic, generous, and affectionate. His greatest concern seemed to be for children and aged people, and on all occasions he had a kind word to say to them as he passed through the streets or from his home to the chapel. As a preacher he was plain and conversational, his object seeming to be to show the best and nearest way to Heaven without the interposition of too many stiles. When he died his funeral was the largest ever seen in the village, and to this day his memory is revered. Rev. Dr. Wild’s mother was a kind and quiet woman, and lived to do her duty to God and her household, set her children a good example, and died in the favour and affection of her neighbours and kinsfolk. Coming from such a stock, we need not wonder that the doctor should now possess such a power in the pulpit and among the people. At an early age he began to earn a livelihood, and was apprenticed to the business of iron moulder and machinist. It is perhaps in consequence of the knowledge acquired in the workshop that he is now enabled to give occasionally such plain and practical illustrations, as the following will show: While he resided in Belleville, a fire having broken out, the fire engine would not work, and every one in the neighbourhood got alarmed and feared an explosion of steam—even the engineer deserted his post, and left the machine to its fate. The doctor, however, felt no alarm, and going to the engine made an examination and found that the piston rod had stuck, and at once put it to rights amidst the applause of the multitude, and for this the mayor and corporation passed him a hearty vote of thanks. Rev. Dr. Wild, although he had not all the educational advantages the young people of this country have, yet he was always considered sharp and intelligent, and when first licensed as a local preacher, was able to give the people something worth listening to. He was possessed of indomitable perseverance, and early adopted the motto, “What man has done, man can do again.” Possessed of an active brain, quick perception, a strong physical constitution, and a warm heart, England became too contracted for him, and he felt that Canada alone would be sufficient to satisfy his wishes and desires for thorough usefulness in the cause of God and humanity. Therefore, in 1855 he left fatherland, and made his home among strangers. Few men have landed in America under more unfavourable circumstances. He had no friends to meet him, and very little money in his pocket when he landed in New York. Shortly after his arrival he started on a tramp through some of the western and southern states, and having satisfied his curiosity with regard to those places, he resolved to see what Canada was like, and visit some friends who had lately arrived from the old country. With this desire he started, and soon reached the country of his successes and his triumphs. Here he became the subject of impressions convincing in their tendency, that it was his duty to thoroughly consecrate himself to the work of the ministry, and from that time he resolved to devote himself to the preaching of the gospel. He was denominationally connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church in Canada, and received from it his first station in the city of Hamilton. After having served about a year in this place, he began to feel the great importance of the “high calling”—wished to be a minister of power, “rightly dividing the word of truth,” and believed that God’s work was a grand work calling for good, holy, and educated men. Being poor, he had not the means at his disposal to enable him to carry out his aspirations, but a friend kindly aided with money. He then made all the necessary arrangements, and went to the Boston Theological Institute, where he remained several years, and completed his course of literary, classical, and theological studies, graduating from that institution. On leaving college, he made arrangements to enter the Methodist church, South, but in consequence of the breaking out of the southern rebellion he was forced to abandon the idea. He then returned to Canada, and after having preached at Goderich for a year, he sailed for Europe, determined to gather up information from the various learned institutes of the eastern continent, and thereby prepare himself for a wider sphere of usefulness. In England, after his return there, he lectured and preached on many occasions, and was a wonder to the friends who had known him before he went to America. On his return from Europe, he received a station at Orono, where he preached for two years, and from this place he moved to Belleville, the seat of Albert University, where he remained about eight years. At this time the Genesee College conferred upon him the degree of M.A., and the Ohio Wesleyan University that of D.D. While stationed at Belleville, Rev. Dr. Wild did double work, acting as pastor of the Methodist Church and professor of Oriental languages in the university. At the time he went to Belleville the university was greatly embarrassed for want of funds, but he undertook the position of treasurer, and through preaching and lecturing succeeded in raising $20,000, and put the institution on a firm footing. During the years he was engaged at this work he refused to take one cent as remuneration for his services as professor or treasurer. Belleville to this day remembers him with pride, and the poor of the place with gratitude for the many kindnesses he showed them while he went in and out among them. Too close application to his many duties, and the loss of his valuable library and manuscripts by fire, wrought heavily on his mind, and he resolved to leave Belleville and re-visit Europe. In 1872, while preparing to leave, he was appointed a delegate from the Church in Canada to the conference of the Methodist church of the United States, which was to be held in the city of Brooklyn the same year. While attending this conference the doctor was invited to preach in the Seventh avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, and having done so, the congregation decided on giving him a call, which he accepted. Having served them three years, he then accepted a call from the Union Congregational Church, remaining with them for nearly six years. During the years he occupied the Brooklyn pulpit he was honoured with overflowing congregations. In 1880 he was invited to take charge of the Congregational Church, Bond street, Toronto, and decided once more on making Canada his home. When the Rev. Dr. Wild took charge of this work the congregation was small, an immense debt was on the handsome edifice which graces the corner of Bond street and Wilton avenue, and things generally wore a very discouraging aspect, but he had no sooner put himself at the head of affairs than a new impulse was given, and to-day it is one of the most thriving churches in Toronto—having a membership of nearly eight hundred, about a thousand seat-holders, the Sunday night congregations numbering often three thousand souls, and the debt on the sacred edifice reduced to a minimum. Without doubt the Rev. Dr. Wild is the most popular preacher at this moment in the Queen City of the West, and it is wonderful how he succeeds in holding the attention of the great numbers of people who come to hear him. The grand secret, however, is that the doctor never enters his pulpit unprepared. He honours his audience by refusing to foist on them a subject at hap-hazard. His very tread indicates confidence in his preparations, and his voice and gesture indicate the force of his own convictions upon himself. Rev. Dr. Wild is a little above the medium height, is very strongly built, has an erect and dignified carriage. His face is a remarkable one, and his features easily play to the run of his thoughts. He has a large brain, and a high and prominent forehead, and with his hair worn long and his flowing whiskers, he presents the picture of a man of careful thought and great physical endurance. He loves his friends, and is most kind, free and open to all, and, it may be added, he is the friend of all and enemy of none.

Kelly, Thomas, Judge of the County Court of Prince county, Summerside, Prince Edward Island. His Honour Judge Kelly is of Irish parentage, and was born at Covehead, in Queens county, Prince Edward Island, in 1833. His parents were Thomas Kelly and Mary Grace, who emigrated from the county of Kilkenny, Ireland, about the year 1824. Judge Kelly received his education in the old Central Academy of his native place, and at St. Dunstan’s College, Charlottetown, and pursued his law studies with His Honour Judge Watters, in St. John. He was called to the New Brunswick bar in Trinity term, 1865, and to that of Prince Edward Island the same year, and immediately thereafter began the practice of his profession as barrister and notary public at Summerside, where he has since resided. While a law student, he was for two years president of the Irish Friendly Society of St. John, N.B. Before accepting a position on the bench, Judge Kelly for many years took an active interest in the politics of his native province, especially in connection with the party controversies arising out of the education, railway, and confederation questions, as they existed in Prince Edward Island. He was twice elected a representative from Prince county to the Island legislature. In 1870 he was appointed a master in Chancery, and in 1871, a Railway commissioner, to which office he was again elected in 1872, but resigned it a few weeks subsequent to the overthrow of the Pope administration. In 1873 he was offered the chairmanship of the Railway board, and in 1874 the speakership of the House of Assembly, both of which positions he declined in consequence of a misunderstanding on the school question. In 1876 he retired temporarily from public life; but in a couple of years thereafter he again entered it, and in 1879 was an unsuccessful candidate for the legislature, at the general election of that year. For several years Judge Kelly was a director of the Summerside Bank, and afterwards became solicitor for that institution. He was elected license commissioner in 1877, and the same year was chosen recorder for the town of Summerside. He is a commissioner for Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, for taking affidavits for use in those provinces, and is also commissioner dedimus to administer oaths of office to Dominion appointees. He was appointed to the bench, as successor to the late Judge Pope, on the 24th October, 1879, and revising officer under the Electoral Franchise Act on the 26th October, 1886. Judge Kelly is a Roman Catholic, and was married, first, in September, 1867, to Mary Emeline, daughter of Henry Eskildson, of New York (she died October, 1868); and, secondly, in November, 1871, to Marianne H., daughter of the late William A. Campbell, barrister, Toronto, Ontario. Judge Kelly’s family consists of four children—one boy and three girls.

Reddy, John, M.D.—This distinguished medical man, who successfully practised his profession in Montreal for over thirty years, was born on the 31st of March, 1822, at Athlone, county of Roscommon, Ireland, and died on the 23rd of January, 1884. In accordance with the custom of that day, he was apprenticed to a local surgeon in the year 1839, and remained with him until 1842. In April, 1847, he appeared before the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, and received their license in April of that year. Owing to some demands which he considered unreasonable, he would not go up for the degree in Dublin, but preferred crossing to Glasgow, at which university he received the degree of M.D. in 1848. It was now the intention of Dr. Reddy to enter upon the career of an army surgeon, and he was actually gazetted to a commission in the line. His regiment was just at this time, however, ordered to the Gold Coast for service; and the young surgeon believing that he had not been born only to fill a premature grave in that most unhealthy station, at once resigned. He then for a short time held some dispensary appointments in Ireland, and came to Canada in 1851. Through the influence of some friends in Montreal he had been appointed house surgeon of the Montreal General Hospital, and immediately entered upon the duties of that office. He remained in the hospital for three years, fulfilling the responsibilities of this position to the great satisfaction of the then medical officers, Drs. Crawford, Arnoldi, Jones, and others, and on leaving the hospital, he began private practice in the city. The year 1854 will be remembered as the last during which a severe epidemic of Asiatic cholera swept over this country. Dr. Reddy at once devoted himself with unremitting attention to the care of the many sufferers who were falling on every hand. His unvarying kindness to his patients, his cheerful, warm-hearted Irish manners, his already considerable skill and experience soon led to his finding himself surrounded by a large and daily increasing clientèle. During Dr. Reddy’s thirty years’ practice of his profession in Montreal, his perseverance and assiduity knew no rest; he was constantly and busily employed from morning till night, and very often from night till morning, until 1883, when to the regret of his many friends, it was observed that his health was beginning to fail. He went to Europe for change of air, and the much needed rest, but unfortunately no return to health was to come to him, and he died in Dublin on the 23rd of January, 1884. Dr. Reddy held many offices of the highest trust and honour in this community. In 1856 he was appointed one of the attending physicians of the Montreal General Hospital, which post he held until he retired upon the consulting board. In 1856 he received the degree of M.D. ad eundem from McGill College, and for many years served as representative fellow in medicine in the corporation of that university. He was a constant attendant at the meetings of the Medico-Chirurgical Society and was elected president, and he was a long-service officer in the volunteer militia, having been surgeon of the Montreal Garrison Artillery. His was a quiet, unostentatious, busy, blameless life. His high moral character and strict professional integrity, his broad benevolence and universal goodness of heart, with kind and obliging manners, procured for Dr. Reddy the respect and esteem of all his professional friends and confrères, his numerous patients, and the general community. His memory will long be cherished and his character and good deeds held in warm remembrance. He was married on the 1st July, 1851, to Jane Fleming, daughter of William Fleming, of Cloondra, county Longford, Ireland, and when he died he left six children, three sons and three daughters, the eldest of whom, H. L. Reddy, B.A., M.D.C.M., L.R.C.P., London; L.S.A., London; L.R.C.S., Edinburgh; professor of obstetrics in the medical faculty, Bishop’s College University, physician accoucheur to the Western Hospital, Montreal, succeeds him in his practice. His second son, William B. S. Reddy, B.C.L., is a notary public practising in Montreal.

Harris, Christopher Prince, Merchant, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born at Moncton, county of Westmoreland, New Brunswick, on the 29th of May, 1837. He is the third son of Michael Spurr Harris and Sarah Ann Troop. Mr. Harris, jr., received his education in his native town, and for the past thirty years has been a member of the firm of J. & C. Harris, general merchants. In 1877 he took an active part with his brother and partner, J. L. Harris, and others, in organizing the Moncton Gaslight and Water Company, and also in the construction of the works. He has held the position of a director and also treasurer of the company until the present time. In 1880 he took a similar part in the organization and erection of the works of the Moncton Sugar Refining Company, and has been its treasurer ever since. In 1882 he helped to promote the Moncton Cotton Manufacturing Company, and the construction of its works, and is now one of its leading directors. Although a busy mercantile man, he has found time to devote some of his leisure to Masonry, and has been connected with the order for over twenty-one years. He is a past-master and honorary member of Keith lodge; past-principal Z of Botsford Royal Arch Chapter; a member of the Union De Molay Commandery, of St. John, New Brunswick, and also of other Masonic orders. In religion Mr. Harris is an adherent of the Reformed Episcopal church; and in politics a Liberal-Conservative. He was married on the 8th of October, 1867, to Mary Landon Cowling, eldest daughter of Eben Landon Cowling, justice of the peace. Mr. Harris is a live business man, and has a bright future before him.

Beckwith, Adolphus George, Civil Engineer, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Fredericton, on December 28th, 1839. His parents were the late Hon. John A. Beckwith, M.L.C., and Maria A. Beckwith. (See sketch life of Hon. Mr. Beckwith, in another part of this volume.) Mr. Beckwith was educated at the Collegiate School, Fredericton, and took a partial course at King’s College (now University of New Brunswick), where he studied civil engineering, and received his diploma from Professor Thomas Cregan. He joined the volunteers as a private on their first formation in Fredericton, in 1858, was gazetted ensign in 1st York Battalion, under Lieut.-Colonel Minchin, in 1861, was lieutenant in 1863, and captain in 1867. He was appointed adjutant of the 71st York Battalion in 1867, and held that position, with the rank of major, from July, 1876, until the retirement of Capt. J. W. Smith, paymaster, in 1881, when he exchanged to the position of paymaster, which he now holds. He holds first and second class certificates from the School of Instruction. Mr. Beckwith is a deputy surveyor of Crown Lands, and was draughtsman in the Crown Lands office from 1866 to 1871, when he was appointed engineer of Public Works, which position he now holds. He performed the duties of Provincial government engineer for two or three years, in addition to his other works. Is at present City engineer of Fredericton. He joined the Free Masons in 1861, in Solomon’s lodge, No. 764, E.R., was master of the lodge in 1865, and secretary of the same, and Hiram lodge, No. 6, N.B.R., for ten years, and on retiring from that office, was presented with a handsome piece of plate by the members. He is also a frater of the encampment of Knights Templar of St. John; a past grand senior deacon of the Grand Lodge of New Brunswick, A. F. & A. M. Mr. Beckwith has travelled throughout Canada, the United States and Europe. He is a member of the Church of England. He was married at Brooklyn (New York), in 1865, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of the late M. B. Marckwald, a merchant of New York. He has only one child living—Freeman Berton, who is in an office in New York.

Sutherland, Rev. Alexander, D.D., Toronto. No man is more widely known throughout this Dominion as an able preacher, a keen debater, a leader in the church courts of his own denomination, and a man of general sympathies and influence in the community, than the subject of this sketch. And his high position he owes to no favouritism of friends or fortune, but, under God, to the native abilities which his strong will and consecrated heart have guided into channels of general usefulness. Alexander Sutherland was born in the township of Guelph, Ontario, September 17th, 1833. His father was Captain Nicholas Sutherland, born in Dundee, Scotland; and his mother, Mary Henderson, a native of Port Glasgow. The family settled in the township of Guelph in 1832. Amid the hardships of pioneer life, opportunities for scholarships were few, and the now learned doctor’s early education was confined to a few terms in a backwood’s school. His good Scotch parents, however, early planted within him a love of learning, and that process of self-culture was begun which has continued through life. As a child he was able to read fluently before ever going to school. When he was nine years of age his father died; and, at thirteen years of age, he was forced to leave home and earn his own living. For seven years he was a printer, and during those years, as indeed from earliest boyhood, he read with avidity whatever came in his way. Thus were those stores of information accumulated which have helped to make their possessor a ready speaker and a formidable opponent on so many diverse subjects and occasions. When about sixteen years old he became connected with a Methodist Sunday-school, and also with temperance organizations, in which he was repeatedly presiding officer. “The child” was indeed “father of the man.” In his nineteenth year he was converted and became a member of the Methodist church. His ability soon displayed itself in connection with the class-meeting and other services of the church, and before long he was licensed as an “exhorter” and then as a “local preacher.” In the year 1855 there was urgent demand for ministers in the Methodist church, and Alexander Sutherland was persuaded to go out “under the chairman,” Rev. L. Warner. He was sent to Clinton, at that time an old-fashioned circuit, thirty miles in length by perhaps eighteen in width, including about twenty preaching services every month. Travelling such an extensive round, preaching so frequently, and at the same time pursuing the Conference course of study requisite before ordination, the young preacher found written preparation for the pulpit impossible, but gained in this hard practical school of oratory an invaluable training in extempore utterance. The next two years were spent on the Berlin circuit. In 1858, young Sutherland enjoyed one year of college training at Victoria College, Cobourg. In 1859 he was received into full connection with the Conference and ordained. In June of the same year he was married to Mary Jane, eldest daughter of Hugh Moore, of Dundas. Of this happy union four sons and three daughters have been the issue. Of the sons, two died in early boyhood. After his marriage, Dr. Sutherland’s pastoral charges were in order—Niagara, Thorold, Drummondville, Hamilton, Yorkville, Richmond street, Toronto, and St. James street, Montreal. During his residence in Toronto he took a very active and efficient part in Sunday-school and temperance work. For some time he was president of the Ontario Temperance and Prohibitory League. His temperance sermons and other efforts in behalf of this cause will not be soon forgotten by those who came under their influence. In 1869 he was elected secretary of Conference, and was re-elected the following year. In 1871 he was appointed, with the Rev. Dr. Sanderson, fraternal delegate to the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the United States, which met in Brooklyn in 1872. On this occasion, and on all similar occasions, Dr. Sutherland has done great credit to his church and to his country. In 1873 he was appointed pastor of the St. James street Church, Montreal, and at the Conference of 1874 was elected chairman of the Montreal district. But the Montreal pastorate was brief. At the first General Conference of the Methodist church of Canada, September, 1874, Dr. Sutherland was elected general secretary and clerical treasurer of the Missionary Society, as successor to the Rev. Lachlin Taylor, D.D. This is one of the highest honours in the gift of the Methodist church; the office is one of arduous toil, but affords scope for high abilities. Since that day, Dr. Sutherland has travelled from Newfoundland and the Bermudas to British Columbia, superintending the missionary work and stimulating the missionary zeal of the Methodist church; has for several years published that admirable missionary journal The Missionary Outlook, and has succeeded in increasing the annual income of the society from $118,000 to nearly $200,000. The increased labours of his office have not prevented the missionary secretary from taking an active interest in all the enterprises of the church, and his voice has rung out clear and loud on every great question that has recently agitated the Methodist community. To him more than to any other man does the church owe the success of that mighty movement which culminated in 1883 in the union of all branches of Methodism in this dominion. With tongue and pen he eloquently, earnestly and constantly pleaded for consolidation; and, when all seemed hanging in the balance, his admirable generalship and eloquence in the memorable Union debate in the Toronto Conference, Peterborough, June, 1883, constrained victory to the union side. To have played such a part at such a crisis is no mean claim to grateful and unfading memory. In 1882 Dr. Sutherland was elected president of the Toronto Conference, and again in 1884. In 1881 he was one of the Canadian representatives at the great Methodist Œcumenical Conference, London, England, and was made one of the joint secretaries of that august body. In 1886 he was appointed fraternal delegate to the British Wesleyan Conference, in place of Rev. Dr. Rice, general superintendent, deceased. Dr. Sutherland’s literary activity has been, so far, confined to newspaper and magazine articles and brief pamphlets on questions of the day. His incisive style, his permeating humour, his wide information, his keen insight, render his writing and his speaking alike powerful. A man of immense energy, he has done much to mould the thought and guide the work of his church already, and bids fair to remain one of her most influential leaders for years to come. In May, 1879, the University of Victoria College conferred upon him the well deserved degree of Doctor in Divinity.

Beckwith, Hon. John Adolphus. The late Hon. Mr. Beckwith was born at Fredericton, New Brunswick, on December 1st, 1800, and died November 23rd, 1880. His father, Nehemiah Beckwith, was a loyalist, settled in Fredericton, and built sloops in partnership with the celebrated Benedict Arnold, who, at that time, also resided in Fredericton. Nehemiah Beckwith was married at Fredericton, to Julie Louise LeBrun, a daughter of Jean Baptiste LeBrun, barrister, and proctor at law, etc., of Quebec. Miss LeBrun came to Fredericton from Quebec with the family of Sir Guy Carleton, in the capacity of companion and French governess to Miss Carleton. About 1813, Nehemiah Beckwith purchased a large tract of land in the suburbs of Montreal from Count du Chaillu (father of the great explorer and historian), but his death very soon after, before the deeds were completed, lost him the property and purchase money. This property is now a valuable part of the City of Montreal. Mrs. Beckwith (neé LeBrun) was cousin to Cardinal Richelieu, and aunt to L’Abbé Ferland, professeur d’Histoire, University Laval, Quebec. Hon. John A. Beckwith was cousin to l’Abbé Ferland. Hon. Mr. Beckwith commenced his studies in the old Fredericton Grammar School, and completed them in Montreal and Quebec, graduating as a surveyor and engineer. He was connected with the militia from early manhood, and was for some years in command of the 1st battalion York Militia. For several years he was deputy surveyor general, before responsible government, and was commissioner of the N.B. & N.S. Land Company, from 1860 till his death. He served as mayor of Fredericton in 1863 and 1864, and represented York county in the local legislature from 1866 to 1873, holding the office of provincial secretary and receiver general from 1868 to 1873, when he was appointed to a seat in the Legislative Council. Mr. Beckwith ever took an active interest in the advance of agriculture, and was always one of the committee in Provincial exhibitions. He was at one time grand master of the Orange body of New Brunswick. In religious matters he was a member of the Church of England. He was first married in 1822, to Ann Jewett; and married a second time in 1837, to Maria Ann Berton, whose father, a son of a loyalist, was the first sheriff of York county. His second wife survived him four years.

Macfarlane, Thomas, Chief Analyst, Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, Ontario, was born on the 5th March, 1834, at Pollokshaws, parish of Eastwood, county of Renfrew, Scotland. His father, Thomas Macfarlane, was a native of Pollokshaws, and his mother, Catherine, was born in the adjoining parish of Mearns. Mr. Macfarlane, jr., was educated in Pollokshaws, at the Andersonian University, Glasgow, and at the Royal Mining School of Freiberg, in Saxony. In the latter school he studied chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, and geology. After leaving Freiberg in 1857, he travelled through the Erzgebirge and Bohemia, and then went to Norway, as director of the Modum smelting works and Cobalt mines. During his stay in Norway he visited most of the southern part of that country, including Ringerike, Nummedal, Thelemarken and Saetersdal. In 1860 he emigrated to Canada, and took charge of the Acton, and afterwards of the Albert mine in the Eastern Townships, province of Quebec. In 1865-6 Mr. Macfarlane became field-geologist under the late Sir William Logan, and helped that illustrious gentleman on the geological survey of Canada. In the volume of geological reports published in 1866, Mr. Macfarlane supplies reports on Hastings county and the Lake Superior district. In 1868 he explored the Montreal Mining Company’s locations on Lake Superior, and was the discoverer of the celebrated Silver Islet mine. In 1871 he paid a visit to the mining districts of Colorado, Utah, and Nevada; and in 1873 he revisited England, and then travelled through Germany and Norway. On his return to Canada, in 1876, he visited Nova Scotia and Cape Breton; also Ecuador and Peru, and published a description of the latter journey under the title of “To the Andes.” In 1879 he spent six months smelting in Leadville, Colorado. In 1881, visited mining districts on the Lower Colorado and in Southern Utah, travelling from Fort Yuma to Salt Lake City. In 1884 he revisited England and Germany; and here we say, Mr. Macfarlane speaks the German, French and Danish languages fluently. In 1886 he was appointed by the Dominion government chief analyst for Canada, and is now settled down at Ottawa. In 1882 he was appointed a member of the Royal Society, Canada, and elected president of the Chemical section in 1886. In 1885 he became a member of the Imperial Federation League, and in February, 1886, and January, 1887, contributed articles to its “Journal.” Mr. Macfarlane has devoted nearly all his life to science, and as a chemist, metallurgist, miner, and explorer, he stands very high. His scientific papers are numerous, and by referring to the pages of The Canadian Naturalist, will be found there on: “Primitive Formation in Norway,” “Acton Copper Mine,” “Eruptive Rocks,” “Copper Extraction,” “Production of Soda and Chlorine,” “Copper-beds of Portage, Lake Michigan,” “Geological Formations of Lake Superior,” “Silver Ore of Wood’s Location,” “Origin of Crystalline Rocks,” “Canadian Geology.” In the pages of “Transactions of the Institute of Mining Engineers,” papers on “Slag Densities,” “Classification of Original Rocks,” “Silver Islet.” And some others in the “Proceedings of the Royal Society of Canada.” Mr. Macfarlane was reared a Presbyterian in the U. P. Church of Scotland, and while a young man adopted materialistic views, but has since abandoned them, and is now a member of the Anglican church. He married in September, 1858, Margaret Skelly, niece of Dr. John Litster, Pollokshaws, Scotland, and they have nine children, all living.

Currey, Lemuel Allan, M.A., Barrister-at-law, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Gagetown, Queens county, on 11th July, 1856. He belongs to a very ancient family, and one of the founders being the Earl Currey, who lived in the time of Cromwell, and owned large estates in Leeds and vicinity, England. His son, John Currey, was born in Leeds in 1688, and came to the city of New York about the year 1700, where he married, and died young of an epidemic, leaving one son, Richard Currey, who was born 4th November, 1709. Richard married a lady of the name of Elizabeth Jones, and removed to Peekskill, on the Hudson, New York state, where he died on March 20, 1806. By this marriage there were three sons and seven daughters born. The eldest son was Joshua Currey, who married Eunice Travis at Peekskill. At the breaking out of the Revolutionary war, Joshua Currey sided with the British, but the rest of the family sympathised with the colonists. During these troublesome times Mr. Currey had several narrow escapes for his life. At one time he had to hide himself under the floor of his house to escape the fury of the revolutionists, and his son David was nearly killed by them by being buried in a sandpit. Joshua and his family managed to make good their escape, and, joining a band of loyalists, reached St. John, New Brunswick, in October 23, 1783, where he remained one year, and then removed to Gagetown, where he died in 1802. He left large estates in New York state, but he, however, succeeded in carrying away with him in his flight a large sum of money. He had a family of five sons and two daughters. His second son, David Currey, who was born at Peekskill, April 27, 1767, died at Gagetown, August 12, 1827. This gentleman married Dorothy Estey, by whom he had twelve children, one of whom, James Robert Currey, who was born in 1817, was the father of the subject of our sketch, and was by profession a barrister in Gagetown, and registrar of probates, and clerk of the Queens county court. His mother was Sarah Amelia, daughter of Reuben Hoben. Lemuel Allan Currey received his literary education at the Queens County Grammar School, and at the University of New Brunswick, where he graduated in 1876, with honours in the first division, taking a special prize for general proficiency. After graduating he entered as a student-at-law with his father, with whom he studied till 1880, and during said period taught the Queens County Grammar School for two and a-half years. In 1880 he entered Harvard Law School, where he remained one year, taking a special course. He then entered the office of S. Alward, D.C.L., barrister, St. John. Mr. Currey was admitted an attorney in 1882, and a barrister the following year. Since his enrolment he has practised law at St. John. In 1873-4 he attended the Military School at Fredericton, and took a certificate. He is a member of the Young Men’s Liberal-Conservative Club, of St. John, a member of St. George’s Society, and belongs to Union lodge, of Portland, A. F. and A. M. In religion he belongs to the Episcopal church, and in politics is a Conservative.

Burwash, Rev. Nathaniel, S.T.D., Professor of Biblical and Systematic Theology, and Dean of the Faculty of Theology, Victoria University, Cobourg, Ontario, was born in Argenteuil, province of Quebec, on the 25th July, 1839. His father, Adam Burwash, was a descendant of an English family from Burwash, in Sussex; and his mother, Ann Taylor, was from Argyleshire, Scotland, and was the eldest sister of the late Rev. Lachlin Taylor, D.D. His great-grandfather was a United Empire loyalist. Nathaniel received his rudimentary education in the schools of his native place, and then entered Victoria University, where he took the arts course, and graduated B.A. in 1859. He then devoted his time for two years as a Public and Grammar school teacher; and in 1860 entered the ministry of the Methodist church. From this year to 1866 he filled the position of pastor in churches in Belleville, Toronto, and Hamilton. In 1866 he left Canada for a time, and entered Yale College, New Haven, U.S., for the purpose of studying the natural sciences, and having completed his course, he returned home in 1867, and was appointed professor of natural sciences in Victoria University, Cobourg. In 1873 he was promoted to the professorship of Biblical and Systematical Theology, and was also made dean of the faculty of theology in the same institution. This important position he still occupies, and since his appointment fully one-fifth of the entire ministry of the several Western conferences of the Methodist church have been his students. Professor Burwash some years ago took an active interest in the Volunteer movement, and was one of those who risked his life at Ridgeway, in repelling the Fenian hordes who attempted to desecrate Canadian soil. He has travelled a good deal, and has visited several of the universities and educational institutions of Great Britain, France and Germany. The professor has not been an idle man, as the record of his life amply testifies, and to those who would like to peruse some of his literary productions, we recommend them to examine his works on: “Nature, Genesis and Results of Sin”; “Relation of Childhood to the Fall, the Atonement and the Church”; “Wesley’s Doctrinal Standards”; and his “Commentary on Romans.” On the 25th December, 1868, he was married to Margaret Proctor, only daughter of E. M. Proctor, registrar of Lambton, a graduate of the Ladies’ College, Hamilton.

Currie, John Zebulon, A.B., M.D., &c., Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Keswick, parish of Douglas, York county, New Brunswick, January 3, 1847. He is the second son of Thomas Gilbert and Patience Currie. Both parents belonged to old loyalist families. His father’s family is descended from John Currie (Currey), who came from Leeds, Yorkshire, England, and settled in New York about A.D. 1700. At the outbreak of the American revolution, Joshua, a son of Richard, refusing to join the insurgents, escaped to the British army, served as a lieutenant in that force, and at the close of the war came to St. John, New Brunswick, with the fall fleet. He brought three sons with him, of whom Richard, the eldest, having married Barbara Dykeman, became the founder of this family in New Brunswick. Dr. Currie’s mother is a daughter of the late Major Abraham Yerxa, who lived at Keswick, York county, N.B. John Yerxa, father of Abraham Yerxa, came from Holland to New York, with his parents, at the age of fourteen years. He was married to Katie Gerow, and throughout the American revolutionary war served as a volunteer in the British army. At the close of the war he came to St. John, N.B., being a member of one of the two regiments that were disbanded and given lands in New Brunswick. When he came to St. John there was but one house where the city now stands. Subsequently he settled upon lands on the Keswick stream, York county, and remained there until his death. Dr. Currie remained at Keswick until about fifteen years of age, and received his preliminary education in the schools of his native parish. When in his sixteenth year he attended the Provincial Normal School in St. John, and at the close of the term of study there, received a second class teacher’s certificate. In 1864, he became a student at the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton, New Brunswick, where he remained two years. In September, 1867, he matriculated at the University of New Brunswick, and pursued the regular course of study there. During his undergraduate course at this institution he was the successful competitor for the scholarship in English Language and Literature, besides taking honours in this and other departments. Having completed the course of study he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in June, 1870. He at once began the study of medicine, entering the medical department of Harvard University, Boston, the same year. Having completed the regular course of study in this institution he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D., Harvard) in 1873. At the same time he passed the required examination for, and was admitted a fellow of, the Massachusetts Medical Society. He then went to Scotland to complete his professional studies, and matriculated at the University of Edinburgh, and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Edinburgh. At the completion of the course in the University of Edinburgh he was awarded the first medal in midwifery and diseases of women and children, with the highest standard which had at that time been attained. He also received a special license in the same department. In the College of Physicians and Surgeons he was the successful competitor for the second prize in surgery under Prof. Patrick Heron Watson. He then went to London, England, where he spent some time in visiting the different hospitals and in further professional study. In the latter part of 1874 he returned to Fredericton, N.B., began the practice of his profession, and has remained there ever since. Dr. Currie’s student life was marked by careful study and constantly advanced standing. On June 15, 1881, he was appointed assistant surgeon of the 71st York battalion of the Active Militia of Canada, and on the 25th of December, 1883, was promoted to be surgeon of the same corps, which office he still holds. Dr. Currie is secretary and registrar of the Council of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick, and has constantly held this office since the organization of the council in July, 1881. He is a member of the Provincial Board of Health of New Brunswick, and also secretary of the board; both appointments date from June 1st, 1887, when the Public Health Act went into operation. In virtue of his position as secretary of the Provincial Board of Health, he is chief health officer for the province. Dr. Currie is at present a member of the council of the Associated Alumni of the University of New Brunswick, and has been since June, 1885. He is also a coroner for York county, N.B. This appointment dates from October 17, 1882. He is a member of the New Brunswick Medical Society and of the Canada Medical Association, and at present is vice-president for New Brunswick of the Canada Medical Association. In 1886 he was appointed a delegate from this association to the meeting of the American Health Society, held in Toronto, October, 1886. He is also a member of several secret societies. He became associated with the Independent Order of Oddfellows, August 22, 1881; with the Independent Order of Foresters, October 1, 1881; and with the American Legion of Honour, September 28, 1880. He still continues his membership in, and is physician to, each of these societies. His travels were not important, and only such as were necessary in the prosecution of study or on business. His religious views have always been those held by the Baptist church, but he was not united with any religious society until 1867, when he became a member of the Fredericton Baptist Church. On the 5th of June, 1877, he was married to Helen M. Estey, second daughter of the late Harris S. Estey. The first representative of this family in New Brunswick was Zebulon Estey, who came to New Brunswick from Newburyport, Mass., about 1765. Before leaving Newburyport he was married to Mollie Brown. After coming to New Brunswick they had a large family, one member of which, Nehemiah B. Estey, was great-grandfather of Harris S. Estey. Dr. Currie has been eminently successful in every respect in the practice of his profession. He was the originator and one of the principal promoters of the movement which led to the passage of the New Brunswick Medical Act. He is devoted to his profession, giving his whole time to it, and taking a lively interest in everything which pertains to its well-being.

Elliott, Andrew, Almonte, one of the most enterprising of our woollen manufacturers, was born on the 3rd April, 1809, at Stanishwater, parish of Westerkirk, Eskdale, Scotland. His father, William Elliott, and his mother, Jane Jardine, were both natives of Dumfriesshire, Scotland. Mr. Elliott received his education at the Langholme and Corrie school, near Lockerby, which he left at the age of thirteen, and began the battle of life unaided. In 1834 he came to Canada, and two years after his arrival he began business as a grocer in Galt, Ontario. Here he did a good business, built a distillery, ran it for several years, sold it out, and joined Robert Hunt, of Preston, in the woollen business. In 1853 they changed the factory into a four-set mill, and worked it very successfully for about ten years. About 1864, while Mr. Elliott was in Great Britain buying wool, the mill was burnt down, but on his return he rebuilt it, and associated with him in his new venture (the old partnership having been dissolved) J. L. Hunt and George Stephen (now Sir George Stephen, bart.). The new firm abandoned the manufacture of cloth, and went into that of flax and linseed oil. After spending a great deal of money in importing first-class machinery from Great Britain, Ireland and the United States, and pushing the business for about four years, they found that Canada was unsuited for such an enterprise, and parted with the concern, having lost a considerable sum of money by the venture. Mr. Elliott then sold out all his property in Preston and Galt, and purchased a woollen mill in Almonte, where for the past seventeen years he has successfully prosecuted his business. Mr. Elliott was elected district (Gore district) councillor for the township of Dumfries (Upper Canada), and in 1840 he was chosen the first reeve for the village of Galt, and occupied the position for several years. The late Hon. Robert Baldwin made him a magistrate, and in this capacity he acted for about ten years; and was sent as a delegate from the village of Galt and the township of Dumfries with an address to Lord Elgin, in Montreal, shortly after the destruction of the Parliament buildings by a mob. Mr. Elliott took an active interest in railway extension, and did his share in getting the Great Western Railway Company to build a branch line from Harrisburg to Galt. In his younger days he was a strong supporter of the Baldwin administration, and even supported the late Hon. George Brown, but refused longer to follow him as a party leader when he left the government of the day and formed the “Grit” party; and he has ever since been an opponent of the Reform party. Mr. Elliott has been a Presbyterian from his youth up. In 1839 he married Mary Hanley, a native of the county of Longford, Ireland. He has been a busy man, and now enjoys the fruits of his industry.

Morson, Walter Augustus Ormsby, Barrister, etc., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 24th December, 1851, at Hamilton, Prince Edward Island. His father, Richard Willock Morson, formerly of the island of Montserrat, in the West Indies, now of Upton, Dundas, Prince Edward Island, was a son of the late Richard Willock Morson, of Montserrat, and nephew of the Hon. Walter Morson, M.D., physician to the late Princess Sophia, daughter of George III. His mother, Elizabeth Codie, daughter of the late Hon. Patrick Codie, of Cascumpec, P. E. Island, and Annabella Stewart, his wife, daughter of the late Dugald Stewart, of Hamilton, P. E. Island. Mr. Morson, jr., received his education at Hamilton, and in 1866 removed to Charlottetown, where he secured employment in the “City Hardware Store.” In this situation he remained until 1872, when he gave up mercantile pursuits, and began the study of law with the Hon. W. W. Sullivan, the present attorney-general and premier of Prince Edward Island. In February, 1877, he was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme Court, and became a member of the firm of Sullivan, Maclean & Morson. In February, 1878, he was called to the bar of the Superior Court and admitted as solicitor of the Court of Chancery. In March, 1877, he was made a notary public. Mr. Maclean having retired from the above firm in 1878, it then became Sullivan & Morson, and so continued until December, 1882, when it was dissolved. Mr. Morson then entered into partnership with the Hon. Neil Macleod, M.A., and this arrangement continued until October, 1883, when Neil Macquarrie, the stipendiary magistrate of Sommerside, was admitted a partner, when the name was changed to MacLeod, Morson & Macquarrie, with offices at Summerside Charlottetown. Mr. Morson was appointed master in Chancery in 1885. In April of the same year, on the death of the Hon. John Longworth, he was appointed clerk of the Crown and prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island, and also registrar of the Court of Chancery, all of which positions he resigned in June, 1885. On the formation of the Prince Edward Island Provisional Brigade of Garrison Artillery, Mr. Morson was appointed adjutant, with rank of lieutenant, 2nd June, 1882; and on the 8th November, 1884, he obtained a first class special course certificate from the Royal School of Artillery in Quebec. He volunteered with two batteries of the brigade for the North West Territory on the outbreak of the rebellion in 1885. Mr. Morson is a busy man, yet he finds time to devote his attention to Masonry. He has been a member of Victoria lodge, No. 383, of the Registry of Scotland, since April 1870, and has held several important offices in his lodge, and been depute master. In religion Mr. Morson is a member of the Episcopal communion, and in politics belongs to the Conservative party. He is a rising man, and has a grand future before him.

Gray, James, Manager of the Merchants Bank of Canada, Perth, Lanark county, Ontario, was born on the 3rd of September, 1820, at Black Hills, parish of Elgin, Morayshire, Scotland. Arthur Gray, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Morayshire, Scotland, and joined the active militia in 1809, and in 1811 was gazetted ensign in the 2nd battalion of the 24th Regiment of the line. In November of the same year he proceeded with his regiment to the Peninsula, where he joined the army under the command of the late Duke of Wellington, and served till the end of the war, during which he was present at the following battles and sieges: In the covering division at the siege and capture of Badejoz; the battle of Salamanca (where he carried the colours); the capture of the Retiro and the siege of Burgos, where he was engaged in the storming of the outer line, on which occasion the battalion suffered so severely that it became necessary to incorporate it in a provisional battalion with the 58th Regiment; on the raising of the siege of Burgos he was the last officer to quit the trenches, having been left with a piquet to see the works blown up at all hazards, and at the imminent risk of being taken prisoner, being fortunate enough, however, to regain his regiment after executing the orders he had received; he commanded a company during the rest of the retreat into Portugal, and suffered great hardships consequent upon such retreat. He was also engaged in the battle of Vittoria, and the actions in the Pyrenees for four successive days, including the attack on the heights of Echellar, where the battalion in which he was serving received on the grounds the thanks of Lord Dalhousie for their gallant conduct. He was also at the battles of Nevelle and Orthes, the investment of Bayonne, besides a great number of affairs of outposts and skirmishes, and was not absent from his battalion for one day during the whole period of these memorable events. On the return of the battalion he was removed to the 1st Battalion of the 24th Regiment, and proceeded to join it in the East Indies in February, 1815. He served with this corps in the Nepaul war, the campaigns of 1815 and 1816, including the battle of Harriagrove; and in the Mahratta campaigns of 1817 and 1818. During the Indian campaign he fell a victim to severe liver disease, and was compelled to return to England in 1819, and on the expiration of his leave in 1820, still being disabled from active duty from this cause, he was retired on half-pay. His health having been restored, in 1839 he was appointed to the first battalion Royal regiment, with which he served at Gibraltar to August, 1841, when Lord Hill removed him to the Royal Canadian rifle regiment. In 1847 he was appointed by His Grace the Duke of Wellington captain in the Ceylon rifle regiment, and proceeded to Ceylon. An insurrection breaking out there he was placed second in command, and shortly after the commander of a corps to scour the jungle and disperse the rebels. In consequence of exposure while on this mission he was attacked with dysentery, and being carried along with his column to Kandy he there died. James Gray received an English and classical education in the St. Andrew’s school of his native shire, and came to Canada in 1844, and settled in Montreal. The same year he entered the service of the Bank of Montreal, in that city. He was over a quarter of a century in the employ of this great monetary institution, and during this time resided in Kingston, Picton, and Perth. In 1868 he resigned his position in the Bank of Montreal, and was appointed manager of the branch of the Merchants Bank in Perth, which position he still occupies with credit to himself and satisfaction to his employers. Mr. Gray is connected with the Presbyterian church; but in politics he takes little interest. He is married to Mary Robinson, a daughter of the late Dr. Moore, of Picton, who, during his lifetime, was a staunch supporter of the late lamented Hon. George Brown, and in sympathy with the political reforms advocated by that great man.

La Mothe, Guillaume Jean Baptiste, Postmaster, Montreal, was born in Montreal on September 24th, 1824. He is the son of Capt. Joseph Maurice La Mothe, who married Marie J. Laframboise, in Montreal, on the 1st February, 1813. Captain Joseph Maurice La Mothe was superintendent of the Indian Department from 1816 until his decease in 1827. He was also captain and in command of the Indian allies at the battle of Chateauguay, and was favourably reported in the orders of the day for gallant conduct. His grandfather was Captain Joseph La Mothe, who was born 26th January, 1742, and married 24th November, 1777, to Catherine Blondeau. In March, 1776, the military commandant in Montreal entrusted Captain J. La Mothe with most important despatches for General Guy Carleton, then besieged in Quebec by the American army. Accompanied by Mr. Papineau (father of the Hon. L. J. Papineau), he started from Montreal on foot, and after a long and dangerous tramp, managing to cross the American lines at night, safely delivered the despatches in proper time, which contributed to the salvation of Quebec. His great-grandfather was Pierre La Mothe, married first to Marie Anne St. Ives, and in January, 1740 (being then a widower), he married Angélique Caron, in Montreal. His father and mother were Bruno La Mothe and Jeanne Le Valois, who came originally from the diocese of Bordeaux, France. The family, whose correct name is de La Mothe (as mentioned in old family documents), was residing in Montreal as early as 1673, and in 1689 Pierre de Saint Paul de La Mothe had the command of the town and island of Montreal. The subject of our sketch received his education at St. Hyacinthe College and at Montreal College. In September, 1852, he received a commission as lieutenant in the Montreal Sedentary Cavalry, but this position he resigned in March, 1854. On the 17th of January, 1856, he was appointed lieutenant in No. 2 troop Militia Cavalry, Montreal, and on the 23rd of April, 1857, was retransferred to and promoted captain in the Sedentary Cavalry of Montreal. On the 7th of November, 1862, he was transferred to and promoted major commanding the Rifle Companies (Police) Active force in Montreal. On the 26th of November, 1861, Captain La Mothe was appointed chief of police for Montreal. This office he held until the 30th January, 1865, when he resigned. He effected the capture of the famous St. Albans raiders a few months previous. And on the 15th of July, 1874, he was appointed to the postmastership of his native city, and this important position he fills to-day. Mr. La Mothe has been actively connected with the development of gold mines in Nova Scotia; copper mines in the Eastern Townships, and iron mines in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where he discovered the magnetic iron ore deposit at Moisie. Upon report made to friends respecting the value of the ore and extent of the deposit, the Moisie Iron Company was formed. This company has manufactured malleable iron pronounced in England and France equal to the best. During the years from 1846 to 1851 inclusive, Mr. La Mothe travelled extensively through England, France, Switzerland, and Italy; and while in England he joined the expedition against Ecuador (South America), which, after putting to sea, was overtaken by a British man-of-war, and brought back to London. He also took part in the French Revolution of 1848, and at the storming of the Tuileries he was one of the first to enter the place. After this event he travelled through Switzerland on foot, then on to Italy, where he married, and then returned to Canada. For fifteen years of his life, Mr. La Mothe was actively engaged in politics on the Liberal side. In religion he is a respected member of the Roman Catholic church. He was married in Florence, Italy, in 1850, to Marguerite de Savoye, and his family consists of one son and four daughters, all living. The son, Henri, is married to Marie, youngest daughter of the late Hon. Judge Bossé, of Quebec. The eldest daughter, Marguerite, is married to Hon. J. R. Thibaudeau, senator for division of Rigaud. His second daughter is married to Henri Hamel, of the firm of J. Hamel & Frère, Quebec. The two youngest daughters, Juliette and Marie, are unmarried.

MacColl, Evan, Kingston, Ontario, was born at Kenmore, Lochfyne-side, Scotland, on the 21st of September, 1808, where he is well-known as the “Mountain Minstrel.” He early developed a taste for poetry, and in 1837 contributed to the Glasgow Gaelic Magazine. The poet gives a very striking account of his first attempt at Gaelic verse. He took into his confidence a young friend, a capital singer, taught him a song without mentioning that he was the author of it, and got him to sing it the same evening at a neighbour’s house at Kenmore. It was received with great applause. From that hour Evan MacColl felt himself a bard and became supremely happy. Some time after he published a small volume of poems in Gaelic, and another in English, which were reviewed by Dr. McLeod, Hugh Miller, the celebrated geologist, and other British critics, in the highest terms of admiration. In 1831 Mr. MacColl’s father, with the rest of his family, emigrated to Canada, but Evan remained behind, and eight years afterwards he accepted a position in the Customs at Liverpool. In 1846 he published a second volume of poems which was even more highly appreciated than the first. Of this work, Dr. Norman McLeod wrote: “Evan MacColl’s poetry is the product of a mind impressed with the beauty and grandeur of the lovely scenes in which his infancy has been nursed. We have no hesitation in saying that this work is that of a man possessed of much poetic genius. Wild, indeed, and sometimes rough are his rhymes and epithets; yet there are thoughts so new and striking—images and comparisons so beautiful and original—feelings so warm and fresh—that stamp this Highland peasant as no ordinary man.” In 1850, in consequence of ill-health, he visited Canada, and while here received an appointment to the Customs at Kingston. He never solicited any favour from the Conservatives, and the overthrow of the Mackenzie government in 1878 effectually quenched his hopes of preferment, and two years afterwards he was superannuated. No man ought to know Mr. MacColl better than his friend, Charles Sangster, a poet of considerable repute, who speaks thus of him in his article in Wilson’s work on Scottish, bards: —

All his virtues he inherited from his parents. Among Evan MacColl’s old country friends have been John Mackenzie, of “The Beauties;” the late R. Carruthers, LL.D., Hugh Miller, the brothers Sobeiskie Stewart, at Eilean-Aigais, and drank with them out of a cuach, once the property of Prince Charlie; Dugald Moore, author of “Scenes before the Flood,” and “The Bard of the North;” Alexander Rogers, the author of “Behave yourself before Folk,” Rev. Dr. Norman McLeod, Dr. Chambers, Bailey, the author of “Festus;” Leighton, author of “The Christening of the Bairn;” J. Stuart Blackie, the great Edinburgh professor; James Logan, author of “The Scottish Gael;” Fraser, of Fraser’s Magazine, and Hugh Fraser, the publisher of “Leabhar nan Cnoc.” He is a member of the Royal Canadian Literary and Scientific Society, founded by the Marquis of Lorne, and was the guest several times of his lordship and the Princess Louise at Rideau Hall, Ottawa. MacColl has been twice married. Of a family of nine sons and daughters, Evan, the poet’s eldest son, has been educated for the ministry, and is now pastor of the Congregational Church at Middleville, Ontario. His eldest daughter’s productions have merited a very high admiration, and the more youthful members of his family give promise of proving worthy of the stock from whence they sprang. John Massie, of Keene, a brother poet, not having heard from the “Bard of Lock Fyne” for over six weeks after having written him a letter, thus addressed the Limestone City: —

Mr. MacColl has many admirers in Canada, in proof of which he has lately issued the third edition of his poems here, and they are having a good sale. His Gaelic Lyrics, lately issued in Edinburgh, is also attracting attention among his countrymen on this side of the Atlantic.

Lake, John Neilson, Stock Broker, Toronto, was born on the fourth concession of the township of Ernesttown, county of Addington, Ontario, on the 19th August, 1834. His great-grandfather and grandfather owned part of Staten Island, New York state, and when the war of independence broke out they took sides with the British, and with sons and sons-in-law fought for their king and country. The family removed to Upper Canada about 1782, and as U. E. loyalists received a grant of 15,000 acres of land, and settled near the village of Bath, west of Kingston. James Lake, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born near Bath in 1791, and with the exception of a short period, he resided, until his death, in the township of Ernesttown. His mother was Margaret Bell, daughter of John Bell, of Ernesttown, who, though a U. E. loyalist, did not remove to Canada until 1810. John, until his sixteenth year, attended school, when he joined his brothers in the carriage business, and at the same time he learned drafting and architecture. At twenty-one he gave up this profession and entered the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist church as a probationer, and spent the years 1855-6 in the town of Picton; 1857 in Aylmer; 1858 in Ingersoll; 1859 in Hullsville; 1862 in Markham; 1865 in Pickering, followed as stations in succession; but in 1866, in consequence of a peculiar affection of the eye producing double vision, and preventing all study, he was compelled to relinquish the ministry for awhile. In 1869, his health being somewhat improved, he again attempted the ministerial work, and was stationed at the town of Niagara; but in less than twelve months thereafter it became evident that this mode of usefulness could not be continued, and he was reluctantly compelled to abandon the ministry. He moved to Toronto, and in 1870 opened a real estate and loan office, just at the time when the value of property was beginning to improve, and when there were only two real estate brokers in the city. In 1875 he was joined by J. P. Clark, of the town of Brampton, and soon the firm of Lake & Clark became widely known and highly trusted. In 1882 Mr. Lake retired from the firm, and four years later Mr. Clark gave up business, when the firm of Lake & Clark ceased to be longer known as dealers in real estate. During all these years Mr. Lake was very intimately associated with church work, and the Sherbourne Street Methodist Church owes not a little of its success to his labours and generous contributions. In 1881 he was induced by his numerous friends to permit himself to be put in nomination as alderman for St. Thomas ward, and having surrendered his standing as a minister, he consented, and was elected a member of the city council. One year in the council seems to have satisfied Mr. Lake, for although next year he was strongly urged by his St. Thomas ward constituency to again act as their representative, he refused to concede to this request, and retired from municipal politics. Politically Mr. Lake has always been a Reformer, but he is not a person who would support a party without a good and sufficient reason. He has been a member of the Toronto Stock Exchange, and of the Toronto Board of Trade, for many years, and is president of the American Watch Case Company; secretary of the Ontario Folding Steel Gate Company; director of the North American Life Assurance Company, and chairman of the agency committee. He is also treasurer of the Union Relief Fund, and of the Church and Parsonage Aid Fund of the Methodist church; has been treasurer from the beginning of the Sherbourne Street Methodist Church, and was organizer and superintendent of its Sunday school for the first eleven years. Mr. Lake was lately elected chairman of the committee on plans for the new Victoria College buildings to be erected in the Queen’s Park, Toronto, for the Methodist Church, at a cost of about $200,000. We may add that Mr. Lake has done a good deal to improve Toronto during the past fifteen years, having built residences worth about $200,000, in the most improved style of architecture, and his own residence,—286 Sherbourne street—is a model of completeness and convenience. In June, 1859, he was married to Emily Jane, youngest daughter of S. V. R. Douglas, of Burford, Brant county, and granddaughter of the Rev. Thomas Whitehead, a gentleman who occupied a prominent position in the Methodist church from 1790 to 1840.

De Sola, Abraham, LL.D.—The late Dr. de Sola was one of the most distinguished scholars who ever graced an American-Jewish pulpit. His reputation as an Orientalist, theologian and linguist, was not confined to his own people; the profundity and extraordinary intellectual acumen which characterized his numerous writings and researches having won for him wide renown among the savants both of this continent and of Europe. He was descended from a very ancient and celebrated Jewish family, his ancestors having, in their migration from Judea, gradually moved across Northern Africa, until, crossing the Straits of Gibraltar, we find them settled in Spain as early as the close of the sixth century. Here the de Solas became very distinguished in the higher walks of life. They assisted the Saracens, when the mighty sons of the desert overran the Iberian Peninsula, and in return were received in high favour at the court of the Caliphs. The Gothic princes also treated them with distinction; and in Navarre, where a branch of the family settled, Don Bartolomé de Sola attained to such influence as to be ennobled and created a minister of state, and at one time exercised the functions of Viceroy. Another de Sola won renown by his prowess in battle, when fighting under the Infante of Aragon, in the fourteenth century. For several centuries they continued to flourish in Spain, the family being famed for the large number of illustrious men it produced, eminent as authors, rabbis, physicians, and courtiers. In 1492, in consequence of their adherence to Judaism, they suffered the fate of all Spanish Jews, being condemned to exile by the edict of the bigoted Ferdinand and Isabella. They fled to Holland, where they soon again rose to distinction in the world of letters. One member of the family, however, lingered behind in Portugal, eluding the vigilance of his persecutors by professing to become a New Christian (as Jewish converts to Christianity were styled), while he secretly continued to follow Judaism. During several generations some of his descendants continued to reside in Lisbon, where they possessed much wealth, remaining ever true to their ancestral faith, and all resorting to the same hazardous expedient to escape the notice of the Inquisition. But the fact that they often sent their children to Holland, that they might be the better able to follow Judaism, at length aroused the suspicions of the Holy Office; and towards the close of the seventeenth century David de Sola was suddenly pounced upon and incarcerated in the cells of the Inquisition-House. He bore the most frightful tortures heroically, and, as no confession could be forced from his lips, nor aught proved against him, he was released; but his shattered frame never recovered from the terrible agonies he had suffered. Years afterwards the suspicions of the Inquisition were again aroused, and two members of the family were seized, tortured, and having been found guilty of secret adherence to Judaism, suffered death at an Auto-da-Fé. Aaron de Sola (son of the above-mentioned David) was then the head of the Lisbon branch of the family, and, alarmed at the frightful fate of his two relatives, took refuge with his wife and children on an English man-of-war, which then lay at the mouth of the Tagus, only just in time to escape the officers of the Holy Office, who were in pursuit of him. Landed safely in London, by the friendly English captain, Aaron de Sola had no sooner put foot upon free soil, than he openly proclaimed his adherence to the faith which he and his fathers had so long followed in secret. This was in 1749. He proceeded shortly after with his family to Amsterdam, where he took up his abode. His eldest son, David, was the ancestor of the Abraham de Sola who forms the subject of this sketch; while his youngest son, Benjamin, became one of the most eminent practitioners in Holland, and was Court Physician to William V., and the author of numerous medical works. Another son of Aaron de Sola settled in Curaçao, and was the progenitor of that General Juan de Sola who won such high military distinction fighting under Bolivar and Paez in the revolt of the South American Colonies from Spain. In 1690 another member of the family, Isaac de Sola, became famed in London as a preacher and author. Some volumes of his writings are still to be seen among the rare collections of European libraries. Abraham de Sola was born on the 18th September, 1825. His father, David Aaron de Sola, was a very prominent rabbi, celebrated for his theological writings, and had removed from Amsterdam to London, England, early in the present century, where the subject of this sketch was born. His mother was of the illustrious Meldola family, who had furnished leading rabbis to the Jews of Europe for twelve consecutive generations. From childhood Abraham de Sola betrayed a strong inclination for study, and having received a thorough training in those branches which form the usual curriculum of higher education, he turned his attention to theological and linguistic studies, and early laid the foundation of that deep acquaintance with oriental languages and literature which afterwards won him such renown. In 1846 he was offered the position of minister of the Congregation of Portuguese Jews of Montreal, and, having accepted this call, arrived in Canada early in 1847. Here began the great work of his life. Shortly after his advent to Montreal his eloquent sermons in the Synagogue attracted the attention of the Mercantile Library Association, and upon invitation he delivered before this body a series of lectures upon the history of the Jews of England. The interest evoked by these efforts led to his delivering a further course of lectures upon Jewish history before this association the following year, and also before the Mechanics’ Institute. In 1848 he published his “Notes on the Jews of Persia, under Mohammed Shah.” This was followed by “A History of the Jews of Persia,” and within the same year he published his “Lectures on Scripture Zoology” which was succeeded by his “Lectures on the Mosaic Cosmogony.” Shortly afterwards he gave to the world “The Cosmography of Peritsol,” a work which at once attracted great attention and brought its author prominently to the front. It received such favourable notice from leading reviews as to be republished in part by the Occident and other magazines, and translations in various languages were brought out by publishers in foreign countries. As late as 1881 we find it attracting the attention of the learned Chevalier Pesaro, of Italy, in the columns of an Italian review. His next important work “A Commentary on Samuel Hannagid’s Introduction to the Talmud,” displayed a deep and broad acquaintance with rabbinical literature, and was received with marked approbation by the literati of this continent and Europe. His literary labours had now made him a prominent figure among the learned bodies of Montreal, and in 1853 he was appointed Professor of Hebrew and Oriental literature at McGill University, Montreal, a position which he continued to fill with marked ability during the rest of his life, and for which his deep knowledge of Semitic tongues particularly adapted him. He was also a co-labourer of Sir William Dawson in the Natural History Society, as well as at McGill, and did much towards vitalizing and extending the usefulness of that body. In 1853, in conjunction with the Rev. J. J. Lyons, of New York, he published his work on “The Jewish Calendar System,” containing a very exhaustive and abstruse treatise upon the Jewish mode of calculating time by the lunar system. Some years after this he completed one of his greatest and most learned productions, “The Sanitory Institutions of the Hebrews;” a work containing a most elaborate and critical consideration of the rabbinical dietary and hygienic laws, as based upon the Jewish traditional exposition of the hygienic statutes of the Bible, viewed in the light of modern scientific discoveries. The work excited alike the applause of scientists and of rabbinical scholars, and the eminence to which its author had now attained resulted in his having the degree of LL.D. conferred upon him in 1858. Shortly after the publication of “The Sanitory Institutions of the Hebrews,” Dr. de Sola published a supplemental work to it, entitled, “Behemoth Hatemeoth;” and in 1860, when Dr. Hall founded the British American Journal, devoted to the advancement of medical and physical sciences, Dr. de Sola accepted an invitation to assist the publication, and among many others of his writings that appeared in this journal his articles “Upon the Employment of Anæsthetics in cases of Labour, in connection with Jewish Law,” is specially worthy of notice. During the succeeding decade he was particularly active with his pen, bringing out in rapid succession numerous works and treatises, besides constantly lecturing before various literary and scientific associations. Of his writings and lectures at this period the principal ones were: “Scripture Botany,” “Sinaitic Inscriptions,” “Hebrew Numismatics,” “Philological Studies in Hebrew and the Aramaic Languages,” “The Ancient Hebrews as Promoters of the Arts and Sciences,” and “The Rise and Progress of the Great Hebrew Colleges.” For several years he occupied the position of President of the Natural History Society, and in that capacity he received Prince Arthur (now Duke of Connaught) when His Royal Highness visited the society in 1870. His address upon “The Study of Natural Science,” delivered before the Prince upon this occasion, called forth a letter of approbation from Queen Victoria. In 1869 Dr. de Sola completed his valuable historical work entitled, “The Life of Shabethai Tsevi, the Jewish False Messiah.” This was followed by two other important historical works: “The History of the Jews of Poland,” published in 1870, and “The History of the Jews of France,” published one year later. Ever since his arrival in Canada Dr. de Sola had been labouring zealously in every movement that tended to the advancement of the Jewish people. His eloquence as a preacher, added to his intimate knowledge of rabbinical learning, placed him among the very foremost exponents of Jewish thought of the day, and he was recognized as one of the chief leaders of the orthodox Jews of America. Broad-minded and tolerant in all things, he was at the same time strictly orthodox in his Judaism. His deep studies in the paths of science, literature and philology all tended the more to confirm him in his abiding faith in the Book of Books; hence we find that throughout his career he was constantly engaged, both in the pulpit and press, in giving battle to those who would assail the Hebrew Scriptures. Scarcely a work ever left his hands that did not contain many a well directed shaft at the infidel teachings of certain modern sceptics. In the columns of the Jewish press he was particularly active in this respect, and for many years he was a very regular contributor to various Jewish journals, particularly to the Occident of Philadelphia (edited by the gifted Isaac Leeser), with which he was closely identified. He also frequently visited the United States, where his lectures invariably attracted large audiences and brought him into great prominence. In 1872 Dr. de Sola was invited by General Grant’s administration to open the United States Congress with prayer, and for the first time in history the extraordinary spectacle was witnessed of one who was not a subject of the United States nor of the dominant faith—one who was a British subject and a Jew—performing the opening ceremonies at the assembling of Congress at Washington. This high example of liberality upon the part of the government of the United States was generally looked upon as one of the earliest indications of the birth of a more friendly feeling between the United States and Britain, whose relations had then been but recently strained by the Alabama Claims; and Sir Edward Thornton, the British Minister at Washington, as well as Mr. Gladstone—who was then premier,—extended to Dr. de Sola the special approbation and thanks of the British Government. Having purchased the stereotype plates and copyright of Isaac Leeser’s works, Dr. de Sola published about this time a new and carefully revised edition of that author’s English translation of the Bible, according to Jewish authorities. He also brought out a new translation of the Jewish Forms of Prayer, based upon the editions of his father (D. A. de Sola) and of Leeser. These were heavy undertakings, and their completion entailed several years of severe work. In addition to his other arduous duties, Dr. de Sola had now been appointed Hebrew Lecturer at the Presbyterian College, Montreal, and also Lecturer in Spanish Literature at McGill—a literature with which he was particularly familiar. But the heavy strain of such intense application to work at length undermined his naturally strong constitution, and in 1876 his health suddenly gave way. After a year’s rest in Europe he was so far recuperated as to be enabled to partly resume his duties, and in 1878 and 1879 he was again an active contributor to the Hebrew press. Among other of his writings at this time one of the most noteworthy was, “Yehuda Alcharizi, and the Book Tachkemoni.”—In 1880 he produced his last great work, “Saadia Gaon”—a book which gives a vivid picture of the political struggles and literary labours of one who played so important a part at the court of a Prince of the Captivity. But Dr. de Sola’s health was now rapidly failing, and, while in New York, on a visit to his sister, he was prostrated by an attack of illness which finally culminated in his death on June 5th, 1882. The remains were removed to Montreal, and there interred. In his decease the literati of Canada felt that they had been bereft of one of their brightest luminaries, while the Israelites throughout the Dominion mourned the loss of one who had literally built up Judaism in Canada. As his remains were being consigned to their earthly tenement with truth indeed did the officiating rabbi exclaim, “If respect be attached to the name of Jew throughout these Canadas, to Abraham de Sola belongs the chief glory of having gained it.” For thirty-five years he had ruled his co-religionists in his adopted country with a sway that was almost absolute—for his influence extended far beyond his own immediate flock. He had bent every energy to improve and advance his people, and in his death it was felt that there had passed away one who above all others had energized and elevated the Jewish community in Canada. Dr. de Sola was married to Esther Joseph, in 1852, and had several children. His eldest son succeeded him as minister to the Portuguese Jewish congregation at Montreal. His wife’s father—Henry Joseph—was one of the earliest Jewish settlers in Canada, while her brothers stand among the most prominent and most respected citizens of Montreal and Quebec; one of them, Jesse Joseph, being president of the Montreal City Gas Company, president of the Montreal Street Railway Company, and director of the Montreal Telegraph Company; while another brother, Abraham Joseph, of Quebec, was president of the Dominion Board of Trade, first president of the Stadacona Bank, and a director of the St. Lawrence River Navigation Company and of the Gulf Ports Steamship Company. He was nominated for mayor of Quebec some years ago and generally claimed to have been elected. Another brother, J. H. Joseph, has long been director of the Montreal Elevating Company.

Carleton, John Louis, Barrister, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at St. John on 1st October, 1861. His father was William Carleton, and mother, Bridget O’Connor. Mr. Carleton received his education in the schools of the Christian Brothers in his native city, and studied law in the offices of Weldon & McLean, and Allen & Chandler, St. John. He was admitted an attorney in October, 1882, and called to the bar the following year. Mr. Carleton having made the study of criminal law a specialty, he has in consequence been engaged on all the principal criminal cases tried in the province since he began practice, besides many important civil cases. In November, 1886, he was appointed Official Referee in Equity by the Provincial government. For several years he has been an active member and held office in the Father Matthew Association, and in the Irish Literary and Benevolent Association. He is also a member of the Young Men’s Liberal Club. Mr. Carleton is a respected member of the Roman Catholic church, and was married on the 22nd of September, 1886, to Teresa G. Sharkey, of St. John. He is a rising man in his profession, and has a promising future before him.

Finnie, John Thom, M.D., L.R.C.S., Edin., Montreal, was born on the 14th September, 1847, at Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. His father, Robert Finnie, carried on business for many years in Peterhead as tailor and clothier. Dr. Finnie was educated partly in the parish school of his native town, and after coming to Canada continued his studies at the High School and McGill University, Montreal, and graduated from the latter institution as doctor of medicine early in 1869. He then went over to Britain and prosecuted the study of his profession in the hospitals of Edinburgh, London and Paris, and in October, 1869, passed the necessary examination at the Royal College of Surgeons, of Edinburgh, and received from that college the degree in surgery and midwifery. In 1870 he returned to Montreal, and since that time he has successfully practised his profession. The doctor has for many years taken an active part in various societies, national and other kinds, and has on two occasions been elected president of the Montreal Caledonia Society. He has been for several years and now is the president of the Montreal Swimming Club. His large and increasing practice has prevented him from taking any active part in either municipal or provincial politics; yet he is a man of large and liberal ideas, and we have no doubt, if time permitted him, he could be of great practical use to any party with whom he might choose to connect himself. He is an adherent of the Episcopal church. He was married on the 9th of April, 1874, to Amelia, daughter of the late Christopher Healy, and has a family of four children.

Alward, Silas, A.M., D.C.L., M.P.P., Barrister-at-Law, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at New Canaan, Queens county, N.B., on 14th April, 1841. His father, John Alward, a successful agriculturist, was the son of Benjamin Alward, a U. E. loyalist, who emigrated with his family from the state of New Jersey, at the close of the American revolution, and made his home in Queens county, New Brunswick, and there he died at the age of ninety years. The mother of Silas Alward was Mary A. Corey, whose family also settled in New Brunswick, at an early date. Silas received his education at Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, and graduated B.A. in 1860, standing at the head of his class. The following remarks may be seen on the records of Acadia College, with regard to Mr. Alward:

In 1871, he received the degree of A.M., from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. After getting through with his college course, he began the study of law in the office of the Hon. Charles N. Skinner, Q.C., now Judge of Probate in St. John; was admitted to practice in 1865, and called to the bar in 1866, since which time he has steadily applied himself to his professional duties, and is now noted for his high legal attainments, and is without doubt an ornament to the bar of New Brunswick. He has been on two occasions president of the St. John Mechanics’ Institute, and is a trustee of the St. John School Board. In 1867, Mr. Alward took a tour through Europe, and spent some time in the cities of Rome and Naples. He afterwards wrote for a St. John newspaper some very interesting articles, descriptive of the various places of note he visited on this occasion. He has since then twice visited the old world. He is well versed in general literature, and occasionally takes the platform as a lecturer. Amongst his favourite lectures we may mention: “Our Western Heritage,” “A Day in the Heart of England,” “The Permanency of British Civilization,” and “The Great Administration.” In February, 1887, Dr. Alward was elected by acclamation to the legislature of New Brunswick, for the city of St. John. In politics, Mr. Alward is a Liberal, and in religious matters, he belongs to the Baptist denomination. On October 12th, 1869, he was married to Emilie, daughter of Peter Wickwire, of Nova Scotia, and sister of Dr. Wickwire, of Halifax. Mrs. Alward died in 1879, leaving no children.

Kellond, Robert Arthur, Solicitor and Attorney for Inventors, Toronto, Ontario, was born in Montreal, Quebec province, on 6th November, 1856. His father belonged to an old Devonshire (England) family, and was the only son of the name who emigrated to Canada about 1850. His grandfather had the honour of fighting under Lord Nelson on board the Victory at the battle of Trafalgar. Robert Arthur received his education at McGill Normal School, and under private tutors in Montreal, and also in England. He was also a pupil of the late Charles Legge, C. E., and was engaged with him in the preliminary surveys and work upon the lines of railway between Montreal and Ottawa, now known as the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Canada Atlantic Railway, of which Mr. Legge was chief engineer. Mr. Kellond studied law while in the office of Charles Legge & Co., and paid particular attention to the patent soliciting branch of that firm, and on the death of Mr. Legge, he and his partner, F. H. Reynolds, succeeded to the business of the firm. Mr. Kellond has now in successful operation offices in Montreal, Toronto, and Washington, D.C., United States, and has representatives in nearly all the capitals of Europe. By this means he does a large business as a solicitor and attorney for inventors, and as counsel and expert in patent and trade mark causes, his clientèle including many of the largest manufacturing firms and corporations throughout Canada. He served eleven years in the 3rd battalion Victoria Rifles, of Montreal, and retired in 1886 with the rank of captain. As a Mason he stands high in the order, being past master of Hochelaga lodge, No. 57, Q.R., Montreal; past grand orator of Sovereign Sanctuary of Canada and Newfoundland, 33°, 96°, 90°; is a member of Carnarvon Chapter Royal Arch Masons; Delta Rose Croix Chapter, and Richard Cœur-de-Lion and Odo de St. Amand perceptories of Knights Templar; and is a member of the Rosicrucian Society, and Baltimore Unity of Oddfellows. Politically Mr. Kellond is a Liberal, but since 1878 he has been a supporter of the National Policy and protection to home industries. He has declined several public offices on account of professional duties. In religious matters he is a supporter of the Episcopal church, but nevertheless is an admirer of many of the methods, and social efforts of the Methodist and other independent bodies. He has travelled through most of the southern and western states of the neighbouring Union, and also in England, having a large number of clients and professional associates in both countries. He has two brothers, the eldest of whom was an officer under Lord Wolseley when he went to Fort Garry, and is now a resident of Kentucky, U.S. The other brother is a prominent railroad official in Louisville, Kentucky state. Mr. Kellond was married in 1880 to a daughter of the late Henry Ryan Hurlburt, barrister, Prescott, Ontario.

Maunsell, Lieut.-Col. George J., Deputy-Adjutant General district No. 8, New Brunswick, Commandant of Royal School of Infantry, Infantry School corps, Fredericton, was born at Bally-William House, Rathkeale, county of Limerick, Ireland, on the 25th of August, 1836. His father was George Meanes Maunsell, J.P., of Bally-William House, Limerick county, vide “Burke’s Irish Landed Gentry.” His mother was M. Maunsell, daughter of Rev. J. Stopford, son of the Bishop of Cloyne and Ross, Cork county, and was a descendant of the Lord Courtown family, “Burke’s Peerage.” Lieut.-Col. Maunsell, was educated at home and afterwards studied for the profession of arms, and passed his final examination at Sandhurst Royal Military College in May, 1855, and was gazetted ensign in her Majesty’s fifteenth regiment on the 15th of the same month. He attended a course of instruction in military engineering (branch of senior department of the Royal Military College) at Aldershot in 1857, and was subsequently employed, temporarily, on the staff at Aldershot in connection with this course of instruction. On November 27th, 1857, he was gazetted lieutenant in his regiment, and in 1858-9 attended the course of instruction at the School of Musketry, Hythe, receiving a certificate of the first class, on January 26th, 1859; and on February 10th following was gazetted as instructor of musketry. He was promoted to a captaincy of the Fifteenth regiment on March 12th, 1861, and in 1861-2 was acting adjutant and instructor of musketry at the Eighth Depot Battalion. He sailed for Halifax en route to New Brunswick in January, 1864, and soon embraced an opportunity that offered to see active service in the field, for he was with the army of the Potomac during the whole of the spring campaign of 1865, ending with the capture of Richmond, and was at that time temporarily attached to General Grant’s staff. On Nov. 22, 1865, he was gazetted adjutant-general of militia of New Brunswick, and besides the organizing work was speedily called upon to more arduous duties, for in 1866 came the Fenian invasion, and Colonel Maunsell was engaged in the defence of the western frontier of New Brunswick. In 1868, after confederation, the Militia Act was passed and under it, on Jan. 1st, 1869, Colonel Maunsell was gazetted adjutant-general of the military district No. 8, province of New Brunswick. Between 1871 and 1880 he commanded tactical brigade corps at Fredericton, Woodstock, and Chatham, and attended course of studies at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich (certificate granted). On the 1st April, 1881, Colonel Maunsell was transferred from the command of military district No. 8 to No. 4, with headquarters at Ottawa, and commanded the brigade camps at Ottawa and Brockville, and the School of Instruction (infantry) at Ottawa. On the 21st July, 1883, the Colonel sailed for England, to be attached to her Majesty’s forces at Aldershot for instructional purposes, and while in Europe he visited various towns in Belgium, Germany and France, and also examined several of the battle fields connected with the Franco-German war, in search of information. He returned to Canada in November of the same year, and on 31st December was gazetted commandant of the School of Infantry, Infantry School corps. On the 16th May, 1884, he was re-appointed deputy adjutant general district No. 8, New Brunswick, holding at the same time command of the school and corps which he had successfully organized. In May, 1885, Colonel Maunsell formed a temporary battalion, composed of the School corps and companies (6) active militia of New Brunswick, and (2) of Prince Edward Island for immediate active service in the North-West Territory, and proceeded with this battalion en route to the North-West, but on the 18th of that month was ordered into camp at Sussex, to await further orders. On the 25th May he received the thanks of the authorities, and the different companies were sent to their local headquarters, their services not being further required. In addition to the above Colonel Maunsell served with the fifteenth regiment in several Mediterranean stations, when his regiment was sent to reinforce troops during the Crimean war; and in the years 1855-6 he travelled on foot and on horseback throughout Spain. He has been from youth up an adherent of the Episcopal church. On the 9th August, 1862, Colonel Maunsell married Miss Moony, elder daughter of the late F. E. Moony, J.P., D.L., of “The Doon,” King’s county, Ireland, and has a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters. His eldest son is captain in the 8th regiment P.L. cavalry, New Brunswick, and his eldest daughter is married to J. W. de Courcy O’Grady, of the Bank of Montreal, Ottawa.

Baxter, Robert Gordon, M.D., Moncton, New Brunswick, was born on 28th April, 1847, at Truro, Nova Scotia. His father was John Irving Baxter, born in Annan, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1803; educated in Pictou, Nova Scotia, and for years was the Presbyterian minister at Onslow, N.S. His mother, Jessie Gordon, was a daughter of the Rev. Mr. Gordon, of Prince Edward Island, whose mother afterwards married the Rev. Dr. McGregor, Presbyterian minister of Pictou, N.S. Dr. Baxter received his early education in Truro, and pursued his medical studies in New York and Philadelphia, and in London, England. In 1868 he began the practice of his profession in Philadelphia, and in the following year removed to Tatamagouche, N.S., and in the summer of 1870 to Moncton, where he has resided since. He has held a lieutenant’s command in the third regiment Colchester County Militia since June 21st, 1865; and was the first chairman of the Board of Health of Moncton. He takes a great interest in public enterprises, especially in agriculture, and was the first to introduce into New Brunswick and bring to public notice the system of ensilage, now so popular in Great Britain, and of so much advantage to stock raisers. He has travelled over the greater part of Canada and the United States, and has visited England, Scotland and several of the continental cities. The doctor is in religion a Presbyterian. On the 29th January, 1872, he was married to Jean McAlister, of Moncton, and has two children, a son and a daughter.

Branchaud, Moise, Q.C., Beauharnois, Quebec province, was born at Beauharnois, on the 6th March, 1827. His father, Jean Baptiste Branchaud, bourgeois, of Beauharnois, and his mother, Louise Primeau, were both descendants of two of the earliest colonists of the Seigniory of Beauharnois. His father died in 1883, at the advanced age of eighty-three, enjoying the esteem and respect of his fellow citizens. Mr. Branchaud was sent, at an early age, to the College of Sainte Thérèse de Blainville, where he made a brilliant course of classical studies. On leaving college he entered the office of the Hon. Lewis T. Drummond, to study law, and he was admitted to the bar on the 27th February, 1849. Immediately after his admission he took up his residence in Beauharnois, where he has practised his profession to this day. At that time there was only a circuit court sitting in the district of Beauharnois, with a jurisdiction of $80.00; this was increased, in 1851, to the sum of $200.00. In consequence of this limited jurisdiction, his professional advancement was but slow. However, when the “Act relative to the division of Lower Canada into districts for the administration of justice” came into force, there was a decided change. By virtue of said act, a Superior Court was established in the district of Beauharnois, with an unlimited jurisdiction in all civil and commercial cases; as well as a criminal court and a circuit court. His practice then took such an extension that, after a few years of assiduous toil, he possessed a competency which enabled him to look tranquilly to the future of his young family. His zeal and honesty in the exercise of his profession was never challenged, either by his numerous clients or his confrères. In 1858 he formed a partnership with Sir John Rose, for the administration of the legal business of the seigniory of Beauharnois, which was then very important and extensive. This partnership existed until the departure of Sir John for London, England. The following letter, written by Sir John before his departure, shows the high esteem in which the baronet held his young partner:

This affectionate letter, coming from such an eminent man as Sir John Rose, who attained such a high position among the most eminent men in England, is preciously preserved by Mr. Branchaud, and the feelings of friendship and esteem he always held towards the baronet are still warm in his heart. During his sojourn in Beauharnois, in the summer of 1858, the Right Honourable Edward Ellice, then proprietor of the seigniory of Beauharnois, showed special marks of honour to Mr. Branchaud. He was invited to all the dinners which he gave, whether to the principal citizens of the place, or to his distinguished visitors from England. On one of these occasions he met Lord Frederick Cavendish, the victim of the Phœnix Park murder, Dublin, and Lord Grosvenor, now Duke of Westminster. They were both very young then, and were going on a hunting expedition to the western prairies. On returning home Mr. Ellice tried to induce him to accompany him, and made him very flattering promises, but the extended practice Mr. Branchaud had acquired did not permit him to accept such an agreeable invitation. He regrets having declined now, for he will never have an opportunity, if he should take a trip to Europe, of forming acquaintances which the high position of Mr. Ellice could have facilitated. He nevertheless keeps a grateful remembrance of the old gentleman, who had so much regard for him. In 1859 Mr. Branchaud married Marie Elizabeth Henrietta Mondelet, a daughter of the Hon. Judge Charles Mondelet, of the city of Montreal, one of the judges of the Superior Court for Lower Canada, and of Dame Maria Elizabeth Henrietta Carter, a daughter of the late Dr. Carter, of Three Rivers. Madame Mondelet was the niece of Captain Brock, a nephew and aide-de-camp to General Brock, and of Dr. Johnston, in his lifetime inspector general of military hospitals in the Ionian Islands; and a first cousin of the late Judge Short, of Sherbrooke. Mr. and Madame Mondelet died many years ago. The Hon. Dominique, Mondelet, a judge at Three Rivers, was the elder brother of Mr. Branchaud’s father-in-law. They were the sons of Dominique Mondelet, a member of the old Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, and also a member of the Executive Council under the administration of Lord Aylmer. In politics M. Branchaud was an advanced liberal in his youth, but his opinions have greatly changed during the last few years. Experience and age always exert a soothing influence on the ideas and sentiments of the generality of men, and Mr. Branchaud did not form an exception to the rule. He would not be so willing, to-day, to endorse the political and social principles formulated in the programme of L’ Avenir, and which were so enthusiastically adopted by the young men who founded that paper. However, Mr. Branchaud thinks one may be liberal without sharing the opinions of the nineteenth century philosophers, and without believing in the omnipotence of universal suffrage to save society—such safety being more certain in the hands of the few than in those of the greater number of its members. The democratic ideas carried to extreme limits will cause the fall of modern empires, as they have produced the fall of the older ones, and what is happening to-day in Europe is only their natural consequences. The actual opinions of Mr. Branchaud do not find favour with either party. His independence of character and his well-known frankness are obstacles which would prevent his success in politics. So for many years he has not engaged actively in them. However, he does not conceal his opinions when called upon to express them. Thus he desires the continuation of Sir John A. Macdonald’s administration because he thinks the national policy would run great dangers in the hands of Mr. Blake, and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company would find very little sympathy with him, in case of necessity. This company, being still in its infancy, may yet want the support of the government, and Mr. Branchaud thinks it would be to the interest of the country to grant such help. It is hardly to be expected that a man who has tried to arrest its progress in each phase of its existence would be kindly disposed towards it at a given moment. At all times he has repudiated the Rielite movement in Lower Canada, as tending to arouse prejudices and race hatreds, and to retard the progress of the country, and the conduct of the government in letting the law take its course, has had his entire approbation, as the only practical way of restoring peace and harmony, which would have been threatened as long as Riel would have lived. In conclusion we may state that Mr. Branchaud has been the promoter of the Beauharnois Junction Railway Company. The road is intended to run from Ste. Martine to Dundee, where it will connect with the American system. The building of this railway will place Beauharnois—undoubtedly a town of future importance, on account of the beauty of her site on the St. Lawrence, and the extent of her water powers—in the first rank among the important cities of the Dominion. Mr. Branchaud has worked for several months to organize the company, and he is confident that his efforts will soon be crowned with success. He was ever ambitious to see his native place prosperous, and in the evening of his life he is happy in the hope that the earnest wish of his heart will soon be gratified. The Hon. James Ferrie is president of the new company, and Mr. Branchaud vice-president.

Irving, James Douglas, Major, and Brigade-Major of Military District No. 12, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, was born at Charlottetown, on the 12th February, 1844. His father, Robert Blake Irving, was born in Annan, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and emigrated to Prince Edward Island about the year 1832. Here he engaged in the profession of teaching, and in addition took an active interest in politics on the Liberal side until the confederation of the provinces, when party lines having been broken, he became a supporter of the Liberal-Conservative party. He was of a literary turn of mind, and contributed largely to the columns of the Examiner newspaper when it was under the editorial management of the late Hon. Edward Whelan, writing strongly in support of responsible government, free schools, the settlement of the land question by the government purchasing from the proprietors and reselling to tenants, and for confederation. He married in 1843 Joanna Charlotte, a daughter of Thomas Rhodes Hazzard, a U. E. loyalist, who came to Prince Edward Island from Providence, Rhode Island, with his father and family at the conclusion of the war with the revolted colonists. Major Irving received his education in his native parish in the private school taught by his father. On the 26th of March, 1867, he was appointed a lieutenant in the Active Militia of P. E. Island, and was shortly afterwards promoted to a captaincy. After confederation he was given a commission in the Canadian Artillery Militia, and subsequently commanded the P. E. Island provisional brigade of Garrison Artillery. On the 1st of April, 1885, he was appointed brigade-major of Military District No. 12, and this position he at present holds. He was deputy-prothonotary of the Supreme Court of P. E. Island from 1st March, 1871, to 1st April, 1885; registrar of the Court of Chancery, and also that of the Vice-Admiralty Court from 28th March, 1876, to 1st April, 1885; and Clerk of the Crown for P. E. Island from 1st August, 1883, to 1st April, 1885. For many years Major Irving has been an active member of the Caledonian Society, and in general takes a deep interest in all that appertains to his native island.

Creed, Herbert Clifford, Fredericton, was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, September 23rd, 1843. His father, George John Creed, of Faversham, Kent, England, was clerk in the Royal Engineer department (with rank of lieutenant), at Halifax, N.S., for thirty-five years. He was the eldest son of Richard Creed, who also was in Her Majesty’s service, as clerk of works, R. E. D., with the rank of captain. Both father and son were, at the time of their decease, retired from active service upon ample pensions. Richard Creed’s youngest daughter was the wife of the late Hon. Jonathan McCully, senator of Canada, and afterwards judge of the Supreme Court. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Susan, eldest daughter of John A. Wellner, of Halifax, N.S., a manufacturer and at one time owner of extensive property in that city and in the county of Hants. He was of a family that came out from England among the original settlers of Halifax, with Governor Cornwallis. Herbert Clifford Creed received his academic education chiefly in the High School connected with Dalhousie College, Halifax. He matriculated in the earliest class of undergraduates in Dalhousie College in 1857, studying till 1860, the college proper having in the meantime been discontinued. In 1861 he entered Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., and took the regular four years’ course there under the presidency of the late Rev. J. M. Cramp, D.D. He graduated in 1865 with honours in classics, having also held the highest place in his class throughout the whole course. From August, 1860, to June, 1864, Mr. Creed was teacher of French at the Collegiate Academy and Ladies’ Seminary at Wolfville, N.S.; from the autumn of 1865 till the spring of 1869, he filled the position of head master of the County Academy at Sydney, C. B.; and from 1869 till June, 1872, was principal of the Seminary at Yarmouth, N.S. In 1869 the degree of A.M. was conferred upon him. In the following autumn he accepted the principalship of the English High School, Fredericton, N.B., but resigned it at the close of 1873, in order to take a position offered him in the Provincial Normal School of New Brunswick, and here he has continued, with various changes of work, down to the present time. His position now is officially designated as “Mathematical and Science Master, and Instructor in Industrial Drawing,” the term “Professor” not being applied to the instructors or teachers in this Normal school. Mr. Creed was elected a member of the Board of Governors of Acadia College in 1883; a senator of Acadia College in 1882, and secretary of the Senate in 1883; all of which offices he now holds. In 1871 he was made one of the examiners of the college, and filled the position for several years. He is secretary of the Educational Institute of New Brunswick, having been re-elected every year from its organization in 1877; vice-president of the Baptist Convention of the Maritime provinces for the current year; a director of the Baptist Annuity Association of New Brunswick and of the Maritime Baptist Publishing Co. He was at one time president of the Associated Alumni of Acadia College; president of the Fredericton Young Men’s Christian Association, and for eight years secretary of the Fredericton Auxiliary Bible Society. Mr. Creed has been connected with the following among other Temperance societies:—The Sons of Temperance since 1857, and is a P.W.P.; the Temple of Honour and Temperance from 1871 to 1875, and is a P.W.C.T. and past deputy G.W.C.T.; the Temperance Reform Club; the New Brunswick Branch of the Dominion Prohibitory Alliance. He has also been connected with the Masonic order, in which he is a past master; the Independent Order of Oddfellows as a P. G. and a P.D.D.G.M., Independent Order of Foresters, and is at present H.C.R. (presiding officer) of the High Court of New Brunswick; and is a past commander in the American Legion of Honour. Mr. Creed has written largely for the press, for the most part anonymously, on educational topics; on the temperance question; on matters of Christian doctrine and practice, etc; and has also prepared a variety of matter for school texts and other books. On November 4th, 1867, he was married to Jessie S., third daughter of John F. Marsters, of St. John, N.B., customs broker and forwarding agent, and has a family of four children, three sons and a daughter. Mr. Creed has been a member of the Baptist church since he attained his seventeenth year.

Harrison, Thomas, LL.D., President of the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, was born at Sheffield, New Brunswick, on the 24th October, 1839. He is son of Thomas Harrison, by his wife Elizabeth Coburn, and grandson of James Harrison, of the county of Antrim, Ireland, who emigrated to South Carolina in 1767. During the Revolutionary war Lieutenant James Harrison, with his elder brother, Captain Charles Harrison, fought under Sir Henry Clinton, on the British side, and in 1783 these gentlemen came among the loyalists to New Brunswick. Charles Harrison was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the militia of the county of Sunbury, by Governor Thomas Carleton, in 1784, and the two brothers settled at Sheffield, Sunbury county. James Harrison married Charity Cowperthwaite, of a Quaker family from Philadelphia, and in 1806 died, leaving five sons and four daughters. Their descendants are numerous, and are mostly settled in New Brunswick. Thomas Harrison, the subject of our sketch, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, under the tutorship of Dr. Salmon, F.R.S., whose works have for many years been the standard treatises for advanced students in some of the highest branches of modern mathematical science. He was a first honour man in mathematics, and was elected a mathematical scholar in Trinity College in 1863. He also attended law lectures, and took the degrees of B.A. and LL.B. in the University of Dublin in 1864, and afterwards the degrees of M.A. and LL.D. in the same university. In June, 1870, he was appointed professor of the English language and literature and of mental and moral philosophy in the University of New Brunswick. In 1874 he was made, by the Dominion government, superintendent of the meteorological chief station at Fredericton, and in August, 1885, president of the University of New Brunswick, and professor of Mathematics by the Provincial government. Mr. Harrison is a member of the Episcopal church. He married, in 1865, Susan Lois Taylor, daughter of the late John S. Taylor, of Sheffield, N.B., and niece of Sir Leonard Tilley, K.C.M.G., lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. The fruit of this marriage is two sons and a daughter. The eldest son, John Darley Harrison, is a member of the graduating class of 1887 in the University of New Brunswick.

Blanchet, Hon. Joseph Goderic, Collector of Customs, Quebec, is a descendant of one of the first families that came from France to Canada, and is a son of Louis Blanchet, of St. Pierre, Rivière du Sud, and Marguerite Fontaine, whose family came from Picardy, in France. Joseph G. Blanchet, the subject of our sketch, was born at St. Pierre, on the 7th June, 1829, and received his education in the arts at the Quebec Seminary and at the Ste. Anne College. He afterwards studied medicine with his uncle, Jean Baptiste Blanchet, M.D., and for many years practised his profession at Levis, during which time he stood high among his confrères of the medical fraternity. Dr. Blanchet, jr., took an active interest in the militia of his native province, and in 1863 he raised the 17th battalion of Volunteer Militia Infantry, which he commanded, holding the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He had command of the 3rd administrative battalion on the frontier during the St. Albans raid in 1865, and the active militia force on the south shore of the St. Lawrence river, in the Quebec district, during the Fenian raid of the next year, and also in 1871. Dr. Blanchet, during his residence in Levis, occupied many prominent positions. For six years he was its mayor. In 1870 he was elected president of the Cercle de Québec; in 1872 president of the Levis and Kennebec Railway; and in 1873 he was appointed a member of the Catholic section of the Council of Public Instruction for the province of Quebec. Though a busy man, Dr. Blanchet did not neglect the interests of his country. He took an active part in politics, and as early as 1857 he presented himself as a candidate for Levis in the Legislative Assembly of Canada; but, although he made a good run, in the end he was unsuccessful in securing his election. Four years later he again presented himself as a candidate in the same constituency and succeeded, and sat from 1861 until confederation in 1867, when he was returned by acclamation to the House of Commons. There he continued to sit until 1874, being meantime speaker of the House of Assembly of the province of Quebec, from the meeting of the first parliament after confederation, until the dissolution of the second parliament in 1875. The year before this latter date, in consequence of the passing of the law respecting dual representation, he resigned his seat in the House of Commons in order to continue to hold one in the provincial assembly, which he did, as representative for Levis, until the general elections in 1875, when he was defeated. In November of that year, a vacancy having occurred in the representation for Bellechasse, in consequence of the elevation of the sitting member, Mr. Fournier, who had been made a justice of the Supreme Court of the Dominion, he presented himself for election, and was secured this seat; and in September, 1878, he was once more returned for Levis. At the general election held in 1882 he was again returned by his old constituency, but only held the seat for about a year, when he resigned to accept the collectorship of the port of Quebec, and this office he still holds. When the Hon. Mr. Blanchet was speaker of the Quebec House of Assembly, he showed fine talents in that capacity, and made an admirable presiding officer, and some time before the fourth parliament had met, his name was again mentioned in connection with the speakership, he being a Conservative and his party once more in power. On the meeting of the House of Commons in February, 1879, he was unanimously elected speaker of that august body, and the choice proved a wise one, for he soon showed himself an adept in parliamentary rules and tactics, was prompt and impartial, and on his retirement from office carried with him the good will and respect of both sides of the House. In August, 1850, Hon. Mr. Blanchet was married to Emilie, daughter of G. D. Balzaretti, of Milan, Italy, and the fruit of this marriage has been six children, four of whom are dead, three having died in infancy.

Harris, Michael Spurr.—The late Michael Spurr Harris, of Moncton, New Brunswick, who was born at Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, September 22nd, 1804, and married, May 11th, 1826, Sarah Ann Troop, of Granville, Annapolis county, N.S., was descended from a long line of ancestors. One of these, Arthur Harris, came from England, and was among the earliest settlers in Duxbury, Plymouth county, Massachusetts. In 1640 he moved to Bridgewater, Mass., and a few years afterwards, about 1656, he took up his residence in Boston, where he died on the 10th June, 1674, leaving a widow and five children. Samuel Harris, a direct descendant of Arthur Harris, married, in 1757, Sarah Cook, in Boston, from whence, about 1763, they emigrated to Nova Scotia, and settled in Annapolis county at a place called Mount Pleasant, near Bridgewater, and here Samuel Harris died in 1801, leaving several children, among others the father of the subject of our sketch, Christopher Prince Harris, who died in Annapolis county, near Digby, 30th January, 1853, and his widow at the same place in 1862. Sarah Cook, wife of Samuel Harris, was a grandchild of Francis Cook, who came with the first Pilgrims from Plymouth, England, to Plymouth, America, in 1620. Six years afterwards her grandfather, on her mother’s side, came out to the Plymouth settlement, and he it was who, in 1676, captured the celebrated Indian chief “Annawan.” Michael Spurr Harris received his early education in the parish schools of Nova Scotia, and passed his boyhood at his father’s home in Digby county, N.S. When quite young he went to St. John, N.B., and entered the employ of Mr. Peterson, a carriage-builder, where, after serving his apprenticeship, he began business; and in 1826 married Sarah Ann Troop, and settled in St. John, continuing his trade of carriage-making. A few years later moving to Norton, Kings county, N.B., he extended his business, and remained there until the fall of 1836, when he moved with his family to Moncton, N.B., then called the Bend of Petitcodiac. Here he became largely interested in the lumber trade and shipping, building and owning vessels and sawmills. He was one of the earliest prominent business men, and foremost in promoting the social, commercial, and industrial welfare of Moncton. Comparatively self-educated, his manner of life did not throw him in conflict with others in political questions; but he held liberal and advanced views on the leading questions of his day, and supported the policy of provincial responsible government, the union of the provinces, and the encouragement of manufactures. He was a magistrate, and held a justice’s court for many years. From about 1840 to 1862 he was very actively engaged in shipbuilding and the shipment of lumber to England, which at that time were the leading industries of the province. His business called him frequently to Great Britain, and he was known among shipping men in Liverpool as a man of strict business integrity. The town of Moncton elected him its mayor in 1859, a position which he filled with much ability. Possessed of strong natural powers, a fine physique, a kindly and courteous manner, and a strong belief in the orthodox Christian faith, he lived a useful and exemplary life, and died at his home in Moncton, January 26th, 1866, of paralysis, a malady which had for some years previous deprived him of the active use of his limbs. His remains are in the family lot at Moncton cemetery.

Bell, Andrew Wilson, Carleton Place, Ontario, was born in the town of Perth, county of Lanark, Ontario, on the 14th February, 1835. His grandfather, the Rev. William Bell, who came from Scotland in 1817, and was the first Presbyterian minister in Perth, died in 1857. His father, John Bell, carried on business in the same town as a merchant from 1828 until 1849, when he died. A. W. Bell received his education in the old district grammar school in Perth, and after leaving school began a busy and useful career. In March, 1885, he commenced business at Douglas, Renfrew county, with Charles Coulter, under the name of Bell, Coulter & Co., general merchants, and next year having admitted into the partnership Thomas Coulter, of Clayton, Lanark, they traded in the villages of Douglas and Eganville under the name of Bell & Coulter, and in Clayton as Coulter & Bell. The partnership was dissolved in the spring of 1858, each partner taking the branch he then had in charge. Mr. Bell was then a resident of Eganville, and in the spring of 1859 he sold out his stock to the Coulters, and removed to Carleton Place for a few months. In the fall of the same year he again began business in Douglas, and in 1862 entered into partnership with Donald Cameron. The new firm did a large local mercantile trade, and sent several rafts of square timber to the Quebec market in 1863-4. This partnership was dissolved in 1864. Mr. Bell, in the years 1858, 1865 and 1866, carried on saw-mills at Eganville and Douglas; and in 1864 and 1865, having joined William Halpenny, in Renfrew, under the name of A. W. Bell & Co., they carried on a general mercantile business. In 1867 Mr. Bell removed from Douglas to Newboro’, Leeds county, and where he bought out the business belonging to John Draffin. In this place he remained until April, 1872, and then took up his abode at Carleton Place. Here he prosecuted his mercantile business until 1875, and then, selling it out to a partner he had admitted in 1873, he retired into private life. In addition to his other business enterprises, Mr. Bell has dealt considerably in real estate in the counties of Lanark and Renfrew, and has bought and sold many thousand acres of farm lands, and built several shops and dwellings in Carleton Place, which he still owns. In 1856 he was appointed postmaster in Eganville, Renfrew county, which position he held until 1859, when he resigned; again, in 1862, he was appointed postmaster of Douglas, in the same county, and resigned in 1867. In March, 1862, he was made clerk of the Seventh Division Court for Lanark and Renfrew, but when these counties were separated in October, 1866, he gave up the position. In 1862 he was made a notary public, and also commissioner for taking affidavits and an issuer of marriage licenses. In 1863 the Government conferred upon him the commission of a justice of the peace. In 1873 the Board of Trade of Ottawa appointed him official assignee for the county of Lanark, and in 1875 the Government appointed him to the same office, and this office he held until the repeal of the Insolvency Act. Mr. Bell also acted in the capacity of creditors’ assignee in the counties of Lanark, Renfrew and Pontiac, and was arbitrator for the Canada Central Railway at Renfrew and at Pembroke, and purchased part of the right of way for the railway company. Mr. Bell was the originator of the Winnipeg and Hudson Bay Railway and Steamship Company,—his name being first in the charter as passed by parliament,—and he also had a hand in procuring two other North-West charters. Mr. Bell is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having joined in June, 1859. He held a commission as lieutenant, and afterwards captain, in the militia, dating from July, 1856. Though brought up as a Presbyterian, Mr. Bell now attends the Episcopal church, his wife being a member of that communion. He married, 27th July, 1857, Jane Andersen, daughter of the late James Gibb, merchant, of Glasgow, Scotland. Mrs. Bell died on 2nd June, 1886.

McIntyre, Right Rev. Peter, D.D., Bishop of Charlottetown, was born at Cable Head, in the parish of St. Peter, Lot 41, Kings county, Prince Edward Island, on the feast of SS. Peter and Paul, June 29th, 1818. His parents, Angus McIntyre and Sarah McKinnon, Scotch Highland Catholics, emigrated from Southwest Inverness-shire to Prince Edward Island, towards the close of the last century. Providence blessed their industry and integrity; and they were enabled not only to have “full and plenty” for a large family of sons and daughters, but also to extend the sacred rites of hospitality to all who came in the way. Mr. McIntyre’s house at Cable Head was one of the principal stations of the late Bishop McEachern in that part of the country—before there was a church at St. Peter’s—and his children were naturally enough brought to the notice of the pious and discerning bishop. The bishop, it is needless to say, entertained a very high regard for Angus McIntyre and his family, and his lordship insisted that the youngest son, little Peter, should be sent to college to be educated for the church. Mr. McIntyre was well aware that the proposed undertaking would be exceedingly heavy, at a time when schools were few and means were not easily obtained. But out of respect for the wishes of his bishop, he generously acted upon the suggestion, and his son Peter was accordingly among the first students at the opening of old St. Andrew’s College. After the death of the good Bishop McEachern, in 1835, young McIntyre expressed a strong desire to be sent to Canada to pursue his studies. This wish was complied with by his kind father, who placed him in the college of St. Hyacinthe, where he remained for five years, entering the Grand Seminary of Quebec in 1840. After a three years’ course at the Grand Seminary he was, on the 26th of February, 1843, ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Signay in the Cathedral of Quebec, and returned to his native diocese the same year. We have been told by an old friend of the family that when young McIntyre first went to college, his father had accumulated quite a large sum in Spanish dollars, and so was enabled to promptly make generous remittances to his son and pay the college bills on presentation. The same good friend also tells us that by the time young “Father McIntyre” returned from Quebec the Spanish dollars were pretty low, but not exhausted. May it not be that the generous manner in which his venerable father furnished him with ample funds until he was able to provide for himself, materially helped to form and develop those generous, hospitable and princely traits of character which we all admire in Bishop McIntyre. The first missionary duties of Father McIntyre were performed as assistant to Father Perry. After a short time, however, he was appointed to the charge of Tignish, Lot 7, the Brae and Cascumpec, with his principal residence at Tignish. There he lived and laboured for seventeen years; and it was there that he first gave evidence of his talent for building. The Acadian French, who form the largest proportion of the Catholic congregation at Tignish, were, at that time, neither rich in this world’s goods nor counted enterprising. Yet to them belongs the very great credit of building, under the direction of Father McIntyre, the first brick church—if we mistake not, the first public building of brick—ever erected in this province—a church which, at this day, is one of the finest on the island. Inspired by their enthusiastic priest, the poor French people made the bricks, hauled them to the site, laid the foundation, and built the church. They had little money, but much zeal; and they were led by a man of rare administrative ability. To the church at Tignish was added a handsome parochial house and a fine convent, both of brick. A church and parochial house were also about the same time built at Brae. The talents and zeal of Father McIntyre were soon recognized by a church which—whatever her faults—is not slow to see and reward true merit. On the death of Bishop Macdonald, he was appointed to preside over the Roman Catholic diocese of Charlottetown, comprising Prince Edward Island and the Magdalen Islands; and on the 15th of August, 1860, he was solemnly consecrated Bishop of Charlottetown. The ceremony was performed by the late Archbishop Connolly, of Halifax, assisted by the late Bishop McKinnon and Bishop Sweeney—the late Bishop Mullock, of St. John’s, Newfoundland, and Bishop Dalton, of Harbour Grace, being also present. Under the administration of Bishop McIntyre great attention has been given to the education of the youth of the Catholic people and to the erection of buildings in which to carry on the work of the church; and the bishop’s talent for building has found scope. The first work of consequence which he undertook was the rebuilding of St. Dunstan’s College. The Catholic population of the island at the time of Bishop McIntyre’s consecration was 35,500. There were only thirteen priests to minister to their spiritual wants. The Catholic population is now about 55,000, and there are thirty-seven priests with well organized missions. The new parishes established by Bishop McIntyre are Cardigan Bridge, Montague Bridge, Cardigan Road, Morrell, South Shore, Hope River, Lot 7, Lot 11, Brae, Palmer Road, Little Pond, Bloomfield, Alberton, Summerside, in Prince Edward Island, and Bassin in the Magdalen Islands, which form part of the diocese. Besides the splendid episcopal residence in Charlottetown, which was much required for the diocese, he has built St. Patrick’s School (one of the finest buildings in the city); St. Teresa’s Church, Cardigan Road; St. Francis’, Little Pond; St. Mary’s, Montague Bridge; St. Andrew’s, St. Peter’s; St. Lawrence’s, Morell; St. Michael’s, Corran Ban Bridge; St. Patrick’s, Fort Augustus; St. Joachim’s, Vernon River; St. Lawrence, South Shore (the first stone church built on the island); St. Anne’s, Hope River; St. Charles, Summerside; St. Mark’s, Lot 7; St. Mary’s, Brae; St. Bridget’s, Lot 11; St. Anthony’s, Bloomfield; SS. Simon and Jude, Tignish; St. Thomas’, Palmer Road; Sacred Heart, Alberton; and in the Magdalen Islands, Notre Dame de la Visitation, Amherst; Etang du Nord, St. Pierre; Bassin, St. François Xavier. This is work enough, one would say, for one prelate and an indefatigable staff of clergymen for one generation; but besides these churches, many of them splendid specimens of architecture, there have been eight conventual establishments erected and founded within the last twenty-five years in various parts of the province, which educate annually thousands of pupils. The chief part of the labour of the churches was done by the zealous people in several of the parishes. In 1877 Bishop McIntyre organized the Central Council of the Catholic Total Abstinence Union, with affiliated societies in every parish of the diocese. He has accomplished a great work in the suppression of intemperance in many parts of the island. In 1878 he founded the City Hospital, which has already done a vast amount of good, and has stimulated others to found another hospital for the sick. His lordship has visited Rome four times since his consecration, and on one occasion extended his journey to the Holy Land. He took part in the Œcumenical Council of 1870, where it was generally conceded that no more imposing figure was seen in the grand procession of churchmen, than that of the venerable and stately Bishop of Charlottetown. In person his lordship is above the medium height, his carriage is stately and his step elastic. His activity is remarkable; few young persons could endure the amount of travelling and fatigue which is constantly undergone by Bishop McIntyre, upon whom it has no ill effect whatever. His voice, which is low and sweet, is so clear that he is easily heard even at a great distance. His prepossessing appearance and courtly manner, no less than his genuine kindness of heart, have made him hosts of friends. He is highly esteemed by Protestants throughout the province, from whom his blameless life and fearless advocacy of what he deems to be right command respect. The bishop takes a great interest in education, and is invariably present, when his duties allow him, at the examinations in his Catholic schools. It is to his lordship’s unflagging energy and zeal that St. Dunstan’s College owes its present hopeful position. Besides providing for their secular instruction, the bishop has always been much interested in the spiritual welfare of the little ones of his flock; it is his delight to preach at the children’s mass on Sundays, when the large congregation of young folk listen to his clear and practical instructions with profit and pleasure. He is a clear, forcible speaker, impressive if not eloquent, with a perfect command of good Anglo-Saxon. Though a zealous prelate, he has never been known to give utterance to any intolerant expression against those differing from him in religious matters. He has been to Charlottetown, and the island generally, a public benefactor. Though drawing close to the seventies, his eye is bright, his lip is firm, and his face fresh. He has a fine constitution, rises between four and five a. m., and has a day’s work done before most Charlottetown folks are out of bed. He has many years of usefulness ahead of him, and hopes not to complete his labours until he shall have built a magnificent cathedral in the metropolis of his province. That such a great worker deserves and receives the gratitude of his own people might be expected, that he should and does command the admiration of all classes is only reasonable; and that he enjoys the esteem of his peers is witnessed by the number of bishops and archbishops who did him honour on the occasion of his silver jubilee, which was celebrated in Charlottetown, on the 12th of August, 1885, amid the congratulations and good wishes of all classes, creeds and nationalities in the community.

Fitzgerald, Rev. David, D.D., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. This reverend and highly respected divine was born at Tralee, in the county of Kerry, Ireland, on the 3rd of December, 1813. He is the eldest surviving son of William Fitzgerald, barrister-at-law of Adrivale, county of Kerry, who married Anne, sole daughter and heiress of the Rev. Robert Minnitt, of Blackfort, county of Tipperary, and rector of Tulla, county of Clare, whose ancestor, Captain John Minnitt, came to the country in the reign of Charles II. One of Mr. Fitzgerald’s ancestors was a captain in King James’ army. This gentleman lived during the reign of six English monarchs, and died at the advanced age of 116 years. Rev. Mr. Fitzgerald was educated at schools in Clonmel and Limerick, and obtained his A.B. degree and divinity testimonium at Trinity College, Dublin. In February, 1843, he married Cherry Christina, second daughter of Rowan Purdon, M.D., a physician of established reputation and extensive practice in Kerry, his native county. His brother, Richard, was a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, and his son, George, was a scholar in the same university. In June, 1845, after a creditable examination by Rev. I. T. Russel, archdeacon of Clogher, he was ordained deacon at Tuam by Lord Plunket, bishop of the diocese, and in 1846 was ordained priest by Lord Riversdale, bishop of Killaloe, on letters dimissory from the bishop of Clogher. He began his ministry as curate to Rev. Geo. Sidney Smith, D.D., ex-fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, at Cooltrain, county of Fermanagh. He then had charge of the district church, at Maguire’s Bridge, in the same county, where as secretary to the Poor Relief Committee of that place, he established a soup kitchen for its famine-stricken inhabitants, and was the means by obtaining subscriptions from absentee landlords and other benevolently disposed persons, with a ton of rice from the Quakers, of providing daily suitable cooked food for four hundred families for several months, and left on his departure over £100 in the hands of the committee to carry on the work. In June, 1847, he came out to Prince Edward Island as assistant minister to Rev. Dr. Jenkins, then rector of St. Paul’s Church. On the retirement of Dr. Jenkins and that of his successor, Rev. C. Lloyd, in 1857, he was appointed rector of the parish, which he served without intermission for thirty-eight years, when in 1885 he retired from active duty. For upwards of twenty years he was a member of the board of education, and a trustee of the Lunatic Asylum, and for some time was chaplain of the Legislative Council. He is the author of several printed sermons and pamphlets, and has delivered lectures on various subjects for several years. In 1881 he took the degrees of A.M., B.D., and D.D., at King’s College, Windsor. On several occasions since his retirement, he has occupied the pulpit in the parish church and in other churches in the province, and hopes while he has the power of utterance to speak a word for the Master and for the edification of his followers. Three of his children have been called from this world, and three remain, viz., Rowan Robert, Q.C., stipendiary magistrate and recorder of Charlottetown; Sidney David, chemist and druggist, now residing at Kansas, U.S.; and Minnitt John, for many years connected with the Union Bank of Charlottetown, now amalgamated with the Nova Scotia bank of Halifax. Mr. Fitgerald’s religious views have undergone no change. He is to-day what he was fifty years ago, an Evangelical churchman. He has been a member of the L. O. A. since 1832, when he became secretary to Calvin lodge, No. 1509, then established in Dublin. In 1848 he joined the order of the Sons of Temperance, and is a member of the National division. He has seen some service and undergone some labour, and trusts that the years already past have not been spent in vain.

Brock, Major-General Sir Isaac, K.B., was the eighth son of John Brock, and was born in the parish of St. Peter’s, Port Guernsey, on the 6th of October, 1769, the same year which gave birth to Napoleon and Wellington. He entered the army as ensign in the 8th Regiment of Infantry by purchase, on the 2nd of March, 1785. In 1790 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and at the close of the same year obtained his captaincy and exchanged into the 49th regiment. In June, 1795, he purchased his majority, and on the 25th of October, 1797, he was gazetted lieutenant-colonel. In a little more than seven years he had risen from the rank of ensign to that of lieutenant-colonel. He served with his regiment in the expedition to Holland under Sir Ralph Abercrombie in 1799. He greatly distinguished himself at the battle of Egmont-of-Zee, where he was wounded. He was second in command of the land forces in the celebrated attack on Copenhagen by Lord Nelson in April, 1801. On its return from Copenhagen the 49th was stationed at Colchester till the spring of 1802, when it was ordered to Canada, where its distinguished commander earned the fame and performed the gallant services which have so endeared his memory to the Canadian people. At Fort George, shortly after his arrival in Canada, Brock quelled an attempted mutiny with great firmness and tact. His regiment soon became one of the most reliable in the service. In 1806 Brock succeeded to the command of the troops in Canada, and took up his residence in Quebec. In 1811 Lieutenant-Governor Gore went to England on leave, and Major-General Brock was appointed administrator of the government,—and thus happened to be the civil as well as the military head of the province of Upper Canada on the outbreak of the war with the United States in 1812. He at once threw himself with great vigour, and with the full force of his soldierly instincts, into preparations for the war. Upper Canada then had a population of only some seventy thousand; the United States had a population of about ten millions. In Upper Canada many of the settlers were aliens from the States—half-hearted, if not absolutely disloyal. The timid viewed the outlook with grave misgivings. In fact, the surroundings were enough to discourage the stoutest heart. It was in these circumstances, entering upon what seemed almost a hopeless struggle, that the noble courage, the unfaltering determination, and the perfect faith in his country, of General Brock shone out with such striking brilliancy. Our Canadian poet, Charles Mair, in his drama of “Tecumseh,” has given fine expression to the spirit which animated Brock, when he puts in his mouth these words: —

Brock’s first step on the outbreak of the war was to ask the House of Assembly to suspend the Habeas Corpus Act, which they refused to do by a majority of two votes. He therefore prorogued the House and took prompt measures to resist General Hull, who, with an army of two thousand five hundred men, had invaded the province at Sandwich. The militia were called out, a few disaffected people were ordered out of the country, and at the head of a small force of regulars and Canadian volunteers, only seven hundred in all, with a force of nine hundred Indians under the celebrated chieftain, Tecumseh, Brock crossed the Detroit river and captured Detroit with General Hull’s whole force. His movements were wonderfully rapid. He left York on the 6th of August, 1812, embarked at Long Point on the 8th in small boats for Amherstburg, a distance of two hundred miles, where he arrived on the 13th at midnight. On the 14th he moved to Sandwich; on the 15th demanded Hull’s surrender; opened fire from batteries erected that day; crossed the river during the night, and before mid-day on the 16th Hull surrendered with two thousand five hundred men, thirty-three cannon, a brig-of-war, and immense military stores. This prompt and vigorous action of General Brock was the turning point of our Canadian fortunes. The success was so complete, so brilliant, that it produced an electrical effect throughout Canada. It was the first enterprise in which our militia were engaged, and it aroused the enthusiasm of the loyal, inspired the timid, fired the wavering, and over-awed the disaffected. From that moment Brock became the idol of the Canadian people, and on his return to York, which he reached after an absence of only nineteen days, he was received with heartfelt acclamations. Shortly after, Brock went to Fort George, on the Niagara frontier, where a large hostile force was being gathered to invade the province. On the morning of the 13th of October, 1812, the enemy effected a landing at Queenston Heights. Brock hurried at once to the spot with a very small force he had hurriedly gathered, and with that impetuous and indomitable energy which was his most striking characteristic, made a vigorous attack upon the enemy without waiting for the reinforcements which were hurrying up to his support. He was killed while gallantly leading a charge up the heights. Although this for the moment checked the advance, the loss so roused the feelings of his troops that in a few hours a second attack was made, and one of our most glorious victories won, the whole force of the enemy being killed, wounded, or captured. This ended the campaign in the west, and still further encouraged our people and made possible the final result of the war. No man was ever so mourned by the Upper Canadians as General Brock. A handsome monument was erected to his memory on the field where he gave up his life for Canada. This was destroyed by an act of vandalism on the 17th of April, 1840, but has been replaced by a far more imposing and stately monument which was completed in 1859, and now stands one of the most striking features of the Niagara frontier. General Brock was forty-three years old when he died. He was tall, erect, and well proportioned. In height about six feet two inches. His fine and benevolent countenance was a perfect index of his mind, and his manners were courteous, frank, and engaging, although both denoted a fixedness of purpose which could not be mistaken. As an evidence of the high opinion formed of him by the Canadians, the following extract is quoted from a letter of the late Chief Justice Robinson, who knew the general personally, and served under him at Detroit and Queenston: —

Johnson, Hon. Francis Godschall, Judge of the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec, and senior Judge for the district of Montreal, with duties of Chief Justice at the court in Montreal, was born at Oakley House, in Bedfordshire, England, on the 1st of January, 1817. His father, Godschall Johnson, was an officer in the 10th Royal Hussars (then known as the Prince of Wales regiment), and his mother Lucy Bisshopp, was a daughter of Sir Cecil Bisshopp, a prominent man in his day, and a sister of Colonel Cecil Bisshopp, who lost his life in the war with the United States in 1812-14, and was buried at Niagara, Ontario, where his grave can now be seen. The Hon. Judge Johnson received his education at St. Omer, in France, and at Bruges, in Belgium, and came to Canada in 1834. He studied law in the office of the Hon. Justice Day, and was called to the bar in 1839. He began the practice of his profession in Montreal, and in 1846, before he was thirty years of age, was appointed a Queen’s counsel. While practising at the bar this learned judge was noted for his eloquence, and while acting as Crown prosecutor, his splendid talents showed to the best advantage. In 1854, he was appointed recorder of Rupert’s Land, and governor of Assiniboine (now Manitoba), and took up his residence at Fort Garry, where he resided until 1858, when he returned to Montreal. Here he resumed the practice of his profession and continued until 1865, when he received the appointment of judge of the Superior Court, in which position his fine abilities continue to be shown. Being peculiarly fitted for the task in consequence of his previous acquaintance with the country, he was, in 1870, selected by the Dominion government to go to Manitoba, to assist in the organization and establishment of a regular system of government there. He did good service to the state, and remained for about two years—special leave of absence from Quebec province having been given him—acting as recorder of Rupert’s Land, until new courts were established, and as commissioner in hearing and determining the claims made for losses caused during the Riel rebellion of 1869-70. He returned in 1872, and was appointed lieutenant-governor of Manitoba, but declined the honour, considering the position incompatible with the retention of the office of judge. During the time Judge Johnson was practising in Montreal, he held several offices, and was secretary of the commission that revised the Statutes of Lower Canada. He is a member of the Church of England; and was married in September, 1840, to Mary Gates Jones, daughter of Nathaniel Jones, of Montreal. This lady died in July, 1853, and left three children. His second marriage was in March, 1857, to Mary Mills, daughter of John Melliken Mills, of Somersetshire, England, by whom he has also a family of three children. Judge Johnson resides in Montreal.

Desjardins, Dr. Louis Edouard, Montreal, was born at Terrebonne, on the 10th of September, 1837. According to the “Dictionnaire Généalogique” of l’Abbé Tanguay, his ancestors came to the country more than two hundred years ago. He married Mademoiselle Emilie Zaïde Paré, second daughter of Hubert Paré, a partner in the large commercial firm founded by F. Souligny, one of the most important firms of Montreal at that period. Dr. Desjardins entered upon his classical studies at the College Masson, Terrebonne, and terminated them at the Seminary of Nicolet. After practising medicine in Montreal during seven or eight years, he took a first trip to Europe to study ophthalmology. On his return, a year after, he established at the Hôtel-Dieu, of Montreal, a special department for the treatment of eye diseases. In 1872, he made a second voyage to Europe to complete his ophthalmic studies. He followed the clinics of Bowman and Critchett, in London; and of Giraud-Teulon, Wecker, Sichel and Meyer, in Paris. During his sojourn in London, he was admitted a member of the International Congress of Ophthalmology. When he returned to Montreal in 1873, he founded the ophthalmic institute of the Nazareth Asylum, for the gratuitous treatment of the poor suffering from diseases of the eye, and at the same time to give clinics on those diseases to the medical students. It is the first institution of the kind founded in Montreal. He was one of the founders of the “Société Médicale,” and of the journal L’ Union Médicale, to which he was a contributor for many years. This year (1887), in concert with the Hon. Dr. Pâquet, Dr. Hingston, and Dr. Beausoleil, he founded the Gazette Médicale, of Montreal. Since 1870, he has been surgeon-oculist to the Hôtel-Dieu, and professor of ophthalmology at the School of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal. He is one of the founders and one of the supporters of the newspaper, L’Etendard. He advocated, and was chiefly instrumental in bringing about, the nomination of a Royal Commission, in 1883, to institute an inquiry into the affairs of the Catholic schools of Montreal; and before that commission he energetically took the defence of the fathers of families against the encroachments of the school commissioners of that city. In the difficulties which arose between the School of Medicine (Victoria) and Laval University, from 1876, he took an active part in the struggle the school had to sustain for the maintenance of its rights. In consequence of an erroneous interpretation of the decrees of Rome, in relation to the establishment of Laval at Montreal, the Archbishop of Quebec (now Cardinal Taschereau) and nearly all the bishops of the province of Quebec, undertook to destroy the School of Medicine, in order to give more scope to the Laval branch. The school tried, but vainly, to defend its cause with the episcopacy; and in June, 1883, Mgr. Taschereau fulminated against this institution his famous sentence of rebellion against the church. Dr. Desjardins was then delegated to Rome, to appeal from the sentence. Despite this, the bishops of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, and Sherbrooke in their turn hurled sentences of excommunication against the professors and pupils of the school, and even against the parents who should continue to send their children to it. Once in Rome, Dr. Desjardins was enabled to lay his appeal at the feet of the Holy Father, and obtained a favourable judgment. The order “Suspende omnia,” was sent by a telegram of the Cardinal-Prefect of the Propaganda to the Bishop of Montreal, on the 24th of August, 1883. In the month of September following, Mgr. Smeulders was delegated by Leo XIII., as Apostolic Commissioner to Canada, with power to definitely settle the difficulties existing between Laval and the school. At the present day the School of Medicine is doing its noble work as in the past, and has more than two hundred pupils.

Dickson, William Welland, M.D., Pembroke, Ontario, was born on the 9th of January, 1841, at Pakenham, county of Renfrew. His father, Samuel Dickson, and mother, Catherine Lowe, were both natives of Ireland. When but eighteen years of age, Mr. Dickson, sen., came to Canada, and like many a young man in those days, was without money, but possessed of a great deal of faith in his own right arm. Shortly after his arrival he married and began to make for himself a home in the township of Pakenham, in Lanark county. Things succeeding, he commenced the manufacture of square timber, and after a while became a successful lumber manufacturer and exporter. He lived and died in the township in which he first settled. William received his education at the Perth Grammar School, Ontario, at Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, Quebec, and pursued his medical studies at McGill College, Montreal, where he graduated. He began the practice of his profession at Portage du Fort, in June, 1863, and in 1866 removed to Pembroke, where he has since resided, and succeeded in building up a paying business. He is also principal in the business conducted by the Dickson Drug Company in the same place. From 1870 to 1874, Dr. Dickson held the position of captain of No. 7 company, 42nd Battalion of Volunteers, and from 1873 to the present time, he has acted as coroner for the county of Renfrew. During the years 1877, ’78, ’79, he had a seat in the town council of Pembroke, and in 1880, ’81, ’82, he was mayor of the same town. From 1881 to 1886, he was one of the examiners of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. Dr. Dickson’s parents were Presbyterians, and he has followed in the same safe path. In 1869, he was married to Jessie Rattray, daughter of D. M. Rattray, of Portage du Fort, province of Quebec.

Stockton, Alfred Augustus, Barrister-at-Law, D.C.L., Ph.D., LL.D., M.P.P. for the city and county of St. John, New Brunswick, residence, St. John, was born November 2nd, 1842, at Studholm, Kings county, N.B. His father is William A. Stockton, of Sussex, Kings county, N.B., and his mother, Sarah, daughter of the late Robert Oldfield, who came to this country from Stockport, England. He is descended on the paternal side from Richard Stockton, who emigrated from Cheshire, England, some years prior to 1660, settled for a short time in Long Island, New York, and afterwards removed to Princeton, New Jersey, where he became the grantee of extensive tracts of land. His great-great-grandfather was Richard Witham Stockton, who was born at Princeton, N.J., in 1733, and was a cousin of his namesake who signed the Declaration of Independence. Richard W. Stockton served under the Crown with the rank of major during the war of the revolution. His son, Andrew Hunter Stockton (Mr. Stockton’s great-grandfather), also served under the Crown, with the rank of lieutenant, throughout the revolutionary war, and at its close they both, with other members of the family, came with the U. E. loyalists to St. John, then known as Parr Town. They were among the original grantees of that city. They subsequently removed to Sussex, Kings county, and became grantees of extensive tracts of land there. His great-grandfather, Lieutenant Andrew Hunter Stockton, was married at St. John (Parr Town) on the 4th day of April, 1784, to Hannah Lester. It was the first marriage which took place at Parr Town. Alfred A. Stockton was educated at the Academy and at the University of Mount Allison College, Sackville, N.B.; graduated B.A. there in 1864, being the valedictorian of his class, and M.A. in 1867. He also graduated LL.B. at Victoria University, Cobourg, Ontario, in 1869; Ph.D., on examination at Illinois Wesleyan University in 1883, and received the degree of D.C.L. from the University of Mount Allison in 1884; also LL.D. in course from Victoria University in 1887. He studied law with his uncle, the late C. W. Stockton, and was admitted to the bar of New Brunswick in Trinity term, 1868, and was for some years senior member of the law firm of A. A. and R. O. Stockton, of St. John, N.B. This legal firm having been dissolved, he is now practising law on his own account. As an advocate and as a speaker, Mr. Stockton stands high, and has done good service for his profession in compiling the rules of the Vice-Admiralty Court of New Brunswick, and editing in 1882, with very extensive notes, “Berton’s Reports of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick.” He is an examiner for degrees at the University of Mount Allison in political economy and constitutional history, and in law at Victoria University; is also registrar of the Court of Vice-Admiralty of New Brunswick; a director of the Provincial Building Society of New Brunswick, and legal adviser of the same; a member of the Board of Governors of the University of Mount Allison College and secretary of the Board; president of the Historical Society of New Brunswick; a member of the Council of the Barristers’ Society of the province; a director of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and also its legal adviser and prosecuting counsel. He was at one time a director of the St. John Mechanics’ Institute and corresponding secretary of that corporation. In July, 1883, a vacancy having occurred in the New Brunswick Assembly, in consequence of the death of the Hon. Wm. Elder, LL.D., the provincial secretary, on the 23rd of August following, Mr. Stockton was elected to the House of Assembly to represent the city and county of St. John, to fill the vacancy caused by Mr. Elder’s death. He was returned again for the same constituency at the last general election in April, 1886. He was appointed in June, 1887, by the government of New Brunswick, an advisory and honorary member of the commission to report upon the amendment of the “Law and Practice and Constitution of the Courts of that Province.” Mr. Stockton was opposed to the confederation of the provinces under the terms of the Act of Union, but favoured a union of the Maritime provinces. Having been brought up in the old school of New Brunswick Liberals, he is naturally opposed to the policy of protection so-called. He is a Liberal in Dominion politics, and in favour of manhood suffrage, and thinks the lieutenant-governors of the different provinces should be elected by the people of the province at large, and that the Senate of Canada should be elected for a specific term either by the direct vote of the constituencies or by the Provincial legislatures. He has always taken an active interest in higher education, and has written considerable for publication on different subjects. At one time was one of the editors of the Maritime Monthly, since ceased publication, and also a correspondent of La Revue Critique of Montreal, which has also stopped publication. Mr. Stockton for a number of years took an active interest in military affairs, and held a commission as captain in the militia of the province at the time of the union in 1867. He is a past master of the Masonic order, and a member of the Grand Lodge of New Brunswick. He is also prominently identified with the temperance reform movement. In religious matters he is a member of the Methodist denomination, and has always belonged to that church, and at present is one of the trustees of the Centenary Methodist Church in St. John. He was married on the 5th September, 1871, to Amelia E., second daughter of the Rev. Humphrey Pickard, D.D., of Sackville, N.B., who was for over a quarter of a century president of the educational institutions at Sackville, and one of the most prominent educationists of the Maritime provinces of Canada.

Cram, John Fairbairn, Wool Merchant and Farmer, Carleton Place, Ontario, was born on October 13, 1833, in the township of Beckwith, county of Lanark, Ontario. His grandfather, Peter Cram, in the year 1820, with his wife, five of his sons and two daughters, left their native village of Comrie, in Perthshire, Scotland, and set out for Canada, to seek their fortune as farmers. After a tedious journey by sea and land, extending over two months, they reached the township of Beckwith, in Lanark, Ontario, where their eldest son John had settled two years before, and had prepared for them a primitive shanty in the woods. Here the family took up their temporary abode, and shortly afterwards, the father and several of his sons selected lands in the eleventh concession of Beckwith. The lots they selected were of good quality, and though heavily timbered, these sturdy Scotch pioneers did not feel the least dismayed, but soon succeeded in making a clearing in the forest, and establishing a comfortable home for themselves. In 1830, James, one of the sons of Peter Cram, and the father of the subject of our sketch, married Janet, daughter of John McPhail, of the township of Drummond, and settled on a lot adjoining his father’s farm, and in course of time this worthy couple were blessed with a family of six sons and three daughters, all of whom are still living, though they and their descendants are now scattered throughout Canada and the United States. The old couple passed away a few years ago, Mr. Cram at the age of eighty-seven years, and Mrs. Cram about ten years younger, both greatly respected and regretted by their numerous relatives and neighbours. John Fairbairn, who was the second eldest son of James Cram, was at the age of seven years sent to a school about three miles from home, and was able to attend pretty regular until May, 1846, when unfortunately his father’s dwelling house, with barn and all other outbuildings, were destroyed by fire, when he had to give up attending school and go to work on the farm. After this he had few opportunities presented him in the way of school learning; and at the age of seventeen left home and apprenticed himself to John Murdock, of Carleton Place, as a tanner, for three years. He honourably served his apprenticeship, and in the spring of 1853, joined in a partnership with his brother, Peter, when they built for themselves a tannery at Appleton, about three miles from Carleton Place. The brothers carried on the tanning business pretty extensively for about sixteen years, when John sold out his interest in the business to Peter, and removing to Carleton Place, erected a wool and pelt establishment for himself. In 1872, Mr. Cram was elected a member of the Board of Education of Carleton Place, and was re-elected continuously for the following twelve years. He occupied a seat in the Municipal Council of the village for eleven years, three of which he presided as reeve. At the end of this period, finding the position too onerous, he declined re-election. Mr. Cram is a total abstainer, and has been connected with the order of the Sons of Temperance, the Good Templars, and the County Temperance Alliance. In religious matters, he is an adherent of the church of his fathers—the Presbyterian church. Twenty-seven years ago he became a member of this church, and for the last eighteen years has been one of its managing committee, and six years ago was elected a deacon of the church. In politics, he is a staunch Reformer, and is president of the Reform Association of Carleton Place. Mr. Cram has been fairly successful in business, and although like many another self-made man, has had his trials and difficulties, yet he can afford to look back on his struggles and say that with the help of God and an indomitable will, I have succeeded in making enough of this world’s goods to enable me to spend the remainder of my days in comfort. In 1865, Mr. Cram was married to Margaret, only surviving daughter of William Wilson, of Appleton. This estimable lady died on the 21st of November, 1886. The fruit of the union was one daughter (deceased) and three sons.

Ross, Alexander Milton, M.D., Montreal, the eminent Canadian philanthropist, scientist and author, has had a career of striking interest. He was born on December 13th, 1832, in Belleville, Ontario. His father, William Ross, was a grandson of Captain Alexander Ross, an officer of General Wolfe’s army of invasion. Captain Ross took part in the battle on the Plains of Abraham, which resulted in the defeat of the French and the conquest of all Canada. He subsequently received a grant of lands from the Crown, and settled in Prince Edward County, Upper Canada, where he lived until his death, which occurred in 1805. Captain Alexander Ross was a grandson of Alexander Ross, laird of Balnagown, Ross-shire, Scotland, who descended in a direct line from Hugh Ross, of Rariches, second son of Hugh, the sixth and last Earl of Ross, of the old family. Dr. Ross’s grandmother, on his father’s side, was Hannah Prudence Williams, a descendant of Roger Williams (1595-1683), the famous liberal preacher, and apostle of freedom, of Rhode Island. His mother, Frederika Grant, was the youngest daughter of John Grant of the British army, who died from wounds received at Niagara, in the war of 1812-1814. His maternal grandmother was Mary Jenks, a daughter of Joseph Jenks, colonial governor of Rhode Island. Governor Jenks has left a famous record of public services. He was speaker of the House of Representatives of Rhode Island, from Oct., 1698, to 1708; deputy governor from May, 1715, to May, 1727; governor from May, 1727, to May, 1732. He was a staunch and persistent friend and advocate of political and religious liberty. In his boyhood Dr. Ross made his way to New York city, and after struggling with many adversities, became a compositor in the office of the Evening Post, then edited and owned by William Cullen Bryant, the poet. Mr. Bryant became much interested in young Ross, and ever after remained his steadfast friend. It was during this period that he became acquainted with General Garibaldi, who at that time was a resident of New York, and employed in making candles. This acquaintance soon ripened into a warm friendship, which continued unbroken down to Garibaldi’s death in 1882. It was through Dr. Ross’s efforts in 1874 that Garibaldi obtained his pension from the Italian government. In 1851 Dr. Ross began the study of medicine, under the direction of the eminent Dr. Valentine Mott, and subsequently under Dr. Trall, the celebrated hygienic physician. After four years of unremitting toil, working as compositor during the day and studying medicine at night, he received his degree of M.D. in 1855, and shortly after received the appointment of surgeon in the army of Nicaragua, then commanded by General William Walker. He subsequently became actively and earnestly engaged in the anti-slavery struggle in the United States, which culminated in the liberation from bondage of four millions of slaves. Dr. Ross was a personal friend and co-worker of Captain John Brown, the martyr. Although Dr. Ross’s sphere of labour in that great struggle for human freedom was less public than that of many other workers in the cause, it was not less important, and required the exercise of greater caution, courage and determination, and also involved greater personal risks. Senator Wade, vice-president of the United States, said, in speaking of the abolitionists:—“Never in the history of the world did the same number of men perform so great an amount of good for the human race and for their country as the once despised abolitionists, and it is my duty to add that no one of their number submitted to greater privations, perils or sacrifices, or did more in the great and noble work than Alexander Ross.” He has received the benediction of the philanthropist and poet, Whittier, in the following noble words, which find their echo in the hearts of thousands: —

The sincere radical abolitionists, with whom Dr. Ross was labouring, were despised, hated and ostracised by the rich, the powerful and the so-called higher classes; but Dr. Ross always possessed the courage of his opinions, and prefers the approval of his own conscience to the smiles or favours of men. During the Southern rebellion he was employed by President Lincoln as confidential correspondent in Canada, and rendered very important services to the United States government. For this he received the special thanks of President Lincoln and Secretary Seward. When the war ended, with the downfall of the Confederacy, Dr. Ross offered his services to President Juarez, of Mexico, and received the appointment of surgeon in the Republican army. The capture of Maximilian, and the speedy overthrow of the empire, rendered Dr. Ross’s services unnecessary, and he returned to Canada and to the congenial and more peaceful pursuits of a naturalist. The object of his ambition now was to collect and classify the fauna and flora of his native country, a labour never before attempted by a Canadian. He has collected and classified five hundred and seventy species of birds that regularly or occasionally visit the Dominion of Canada; two hundred and forty species of eggs of birds that breed in Canada; two hundred and forty-seven species of mammals, reptiles, and fresh water fish; three thousand four hundred species of insects; and two thousand species of Canadian flora. The Montreal Herald of August 19, 1884, says:—“Dr. Ross has been a member of the British Association of Science for the last fourteen years, and of the French and American Associations for the past ten years. The following brief sketch will, therefore, prove doubly interesting in view of the approaching gathering of scientific men (meeting of the British Association, Sept., 1884), in this city. He has devoted special attention to the ornithology, ichthyology, botany and entomology of Canada; has personally made large and valuable collections of the fauna and flora of Canada; has enriched by his contributions the natural history museums of Paris, St. Petersburg, Vienna, Rome, Athens, Dresden, Lisbon, Teheran and Cairo, with collections of Canadian fauna and flora. He is author of “Birds of Canada” (1872), “Butterflies and Moths of Canada” (1873), “Flora of Canada” (1873), “Forest Trees of Canada” (1874), “Mammals, Reptiles, and Fresh water Fishes of Canada” (1878), “Recollections of an Abolitionist” (1867), “Ferns and Wild Flowers of Canada” (1877), “Friendly Words to Boys and Young Men” (1884), “Vaccination a Medical Delusion” (1885), and “Natural Diet of Man” (1886). He received the degrees of M.D. (1855), and M.A. (1867); and was knighted by the Emperor of Russia (1876), King of Italy (1876), King of Greece (1876), King of Portugal (1877), King of Saxony (1876), and received the Medal of Merit from the Shah of Persia (1884), the decoration of honour from the Khedive of Egypt (1884), and the decoration of the Académie Française from the government of France (1879). He was offered (and declined) the title of baron by the King of Bavaria, in recognition of his labours as a naturalist, and was appointed consul to Canada by the King of Belgium and the King of Denmark. Dr. Ross was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Linnean and Zoological Societies of England; the Royal Societies of Antiquaries of Denmark and Greece; the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Russia; the Imperial Botanical and Zoological Society of Austria; the Royal Academy of Science of Palermo, Italy; a member of the Entomological Societies of Russia, Germany, Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Bohemia and Wurtemburg; member of the Hygienic Societies of France, Germany and Switzerland; honorary member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, and member of the European Congress of Ornithology. For several years past Dr. Ross has laboured with his characteristic zeal and energy in behalf of moral and physical reform. He is the founder (1880) of the Canadian Society for the Diffusion of Physiological Knowledge, and enlisted the sympathy and active support of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Earl Shaftesbury, the Archbishop of Toronto, and two hundred and forty clergymen of different denominations, and three hundred Canadian school-teachers in the work of distributing his tracts on “The Evils Arising from Unphysiological Habits in Youth”; over one million copies of these tracts were distributed among the youth of Britain and Canada, calling forth thousands of letters expressing gratitude from parents and friends of the young. Dr. Ross is one of the founders of the St. Louis Hygienic College of Physicians and Surgeons, in which he is professor of hygiene, sanitation and physiology. He is always on the side of the poor and the oppressed, no matter how unpopular the cause may be. He does his duty as he sees it, regardless of consequences to himself. The philanthropic Quakeress, Lucretia Jenks, thus speaks of Dr. Ross: —

When Dr. Ross had attained his fiftieth birthday, he was the recipient of many tokens of regard and congratulations from friends and co-workers. From the poet Whittier the following: —

From Wendell Phillips:—

From Harriet Beecher Stowe:—

During the small-pox epidemic in Montreal in 1885 Dr. Ross was a prominent opponent of vaccination, declaring that it was not only useless as a preventive of small-pox, but that it propagated the disease when practised during the existence of an epidemic. In place of vaccination, he strongly advocates the strict enforcement of sanitation and isolation. He maintains that personal and municipal cleanliness is the only scientific safeguard against zymotic diseases. When the authorities attempted to enforce vaccination by fines and imprisonment, Dr. Ross organized the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League, and successfully resisted what he considered an outrage on human rights. Dr. Ross is a radical reformer in religion, medicine, politics, sociology and dietetics, and a total abstainer from intoxicants and tobacco. He is a graduate of the allopathic, hydropathic, eclectic and botanic systems of medicine, and a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the provinces of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba.

Ellis, William, Superintendent of the Welland Canal, St. Catharines, Ontario, was born near London, England, on the 31st August, 1826, and came to Canada in 1853, to take charge of the construction of an eighty-two mile section of the Grand Trunk Railway. His father and mother, Thomas and Margaret Ellis, were members of two old Yorkshire families. William Ellis received his education in Cheshunt, Herts, and London, England. Before coming to Canada, he acted in England as engineer and contractor’s agent on various railway works, and in Canada on the Grand Trunk Railway; and during the last seven years he has been superintendent of the Welland canal. While a resident of Prescott in 1861, he was elected town councillor; and in 1864, he was chosen mayor. For three years in succession he was president of the Prescott Mechanics’ Institute, the Grenville County Agricultural Society, the Prescott Board of School Trustees, and the Prescott Choral Society. At present he is and has been for the past three years president of the St. Catharines Philharmonic Society. Mr. Ellis belongs to the Episcopal church, and occupies a prominent position in the denomination. He was for three years churchwarden while in Prescott, and for twenty-one years lay delegate for that parish. For St. Catharines, he has been lay delegate for six years, and is also churchwarden of St. George’s Church, and warden of St. George’s Guild. During the Fenian troubles in 1866, Mr. Ellis served as lieutenant in the Garrison Artillery in Prescott, and retired from military service on the disbandment of his company. He has travelled a good deal, and has twice visited France. He has been married twice. First, in October, 1855, to M. E. A. Jessup, of Prescott, daughter of Edward Jessup, formerly M.P., for the Johnstown district. This lady died, leaving a family of two children. The son has graduated M.D. in McGill University. He married the second time in May, 1886, to M. A. A. Bryant, daughter of Shettelworth Bryant, of Blackheath (Eng.), and cousin of Colonel Bryant, St. Leonards, England.

Call, Robert Randolph, Newcastle, New Brunswick, was born in Newcastle, Miramichi, N.B., September 12, 1837. His father, Obadiah Call, was a native of the state of Maine, having been born in the village of Dresden, August 1, 1800, and is still alive. Margaret Burke, his mother, was born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1810, and came to Miramichi with her father, who was a house-carpenter, shortly after the great fire in 1825. She died on the 10th of May, 1877. Robert, the subject of this sketch, was educated at the Grammar School of Newcastle, and soon after leaving this institution developed an aptitude for business. In 1871, in company with John C. Miller, he built the side-wheel steamer New Era, and established the first line of passenger steamers that ran on the Miramichi river. During the past twenty-five years he has been interested in the steamboat business, and occupied the position of agent for the Quebec and Gulf Ports Steamship Company, and for other lines of steamers that have called at the port of Newcastle. On November 26, 1866, he received the appointment of United States Consular Agent at Newcastle. In June, 1867, was elected chairman of the Northumberland County Almshouse Commissioners; and in January, 1874, was made a member of the board of Pilotage Commissioners for the Miramichi district of New Brunswick, under the Pilotage Act, which then came into force, and was chosen its secretary-treasurer. Mr. Call is owner of the gas works in his native town, and they are operated under his own immediate direction. On the 9th September, 1865, he was appointed a lieutenant in the 2nd battalion Northumberland County Militia; and on October 1st, 1868, at a public meeting held in the town of Newcastle for the purpose of organizing a battery, was chosen captain of the Newcastle Field Battery of Artillery, and was gazetted as such on the 18th December of the same year. On the 18th December, 1873, he was made major, and lieutenant-colonel on the 4th February, 1885. He still retains the command of this battery, which he was mainly instrumental in raising. In 1875 this corps was called into active service during the school riots in Caraquet, Gloucester county. Lieutenant-Colonel Call, with Lieutenant Mitchell second in command, and part of the battery, in all forty-six persons, with horses, sleds, two nine-pounder guns, ammunition, etc., left Newcastle on the afternoon of the 28th January for Bathurst, the shire town of Gloucester county, and had to traverse a distance of fifty-five miles through a comparatively desolate country. The weather was very unsettled, and more severe than it had been for years. The snow was fully four feet deep on the level, while in many places it was drifted so badly that the men had to shovel for hours before the teams could pass. They, however, after experiencing great fatigue, and with hard labour, succeeded in reaching their destination on the evening of the 29th, having accomplished the journey in twenty-eight hours, without resting, except while the horses were being fed on the road, the men in the meantime keeping their seats on the sleds, and eating the provisions they had brought from home with them. On their arrival in Bathurst they found that twenty-six of the leading rioters had been safely lodged in the jail there. The infantry that followed them proceeded to Caraquet. Here the battery remained for about six weeks, making the court house their barracks, until the excitement was calmed down and quiet was restored. Mr. Call became a member of Northumberland lodge, A. F. and A. Masons, in 1863, and in the years 1866 and 1867 was master of the lodge. In 1873 he was appointed representative to the Grand Lodge of New Jersey. He is also a member of the Northumberland Highland Society, and one of its vice-presidents. He has travelled a good deal, having visited England for his health in 1863, going over and returning in a sailing vessel. In 1881 he went, via Lake Superior, to Rainy River, Lake of the Woods, Winnipeg, etc., to Portage la Prairie, then the extreme end of the Canadian Pacific Railway, for the purpose of having a look at this wonderful country, and has taken an occasional trip to the United States. Mr. Call is a Presbyterian, is one of the Trustees of St. James’ Church, and has been its secretary and treasurer since 1874. He was married, May 21st, 1862, to Annie Rankin Nevin, who was born in Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, Scotland, on 5th December, 1836.

Dowdall, James.—The deceased, James Dowdall, who for many years practised as a Barrister-at-Law in the town of Almonte, Ontario, was born at Perth, county of Lanark, on the 31st December, 1853, and died on the 27th October, 1885. His father, Edward Dowdall, was a son of the deceased Patrick Dowdall, a reputable and well-educated magistrate of the township of Drummond, in the county of Lanark; and his mother, Mary O’Connor, was a daughter of an equally respected and literary farmer of Drummond township,—Denis O’Connor, who was successful in life, and died February, 1887. James Dowdall received his education at the Public and High schools of Almonte, to which town his parents removed when he was four years of age. In 1872 he commenced his law course with Joseph Jamieson, M.P., Almonte, and concluded his studies in the office of Hon. Edward Blake, at Toronto, and was called to the bar in 1877. He then formed a partnership with D. G. Macdonell, and the firm in a very short time attained to a high position in the legal fraternity, and secured a large share of public support. He was president of several literary, debating, benevolent and other societies, from his seventeenth year continuously until his death in 1885. He also occupied the position of president of the local Reform Association; was founder and president of the Almonte branch of the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association; chairman of the Separate School Board; had a seat on the High School Board; and for years sat in the town council. He had a very large law practice, and for years previous and up to his demise was Crown counsel for the counties of Lanark and Renfrew. Mr. Dowdall was a public spirited man, and took an active part in everything that went to improve his native place and the surrounding district. He was a staunch Reformer, and took an intelligent interest in politics. As a speaker, he was eloquent and argumentative, and travelled through Lanark and other counties in Ontario during several local and federal election campaigns, and did good work for his party. In 1879 he married Onogh T. Nogle, daughter of the late William Nogle, and left a family of children. The Almonte Gazette thus alludes to his death:—“Mr. Dowdall was an able antagonist in court, quick to see the weak points in an opponent’s case, and no less expert in concealing his own. These qualities, as well as his careful study of the law in each case, made him a generally successful lawyer in court, while his knowledge of human nature gave him great advantage in cross-examination. Had his life been spared there is no doubt he would have risen to the highest point in his profession. His many good qualities more particularly demand our grateful recognition. Many a battler with the world can tell of a hand stretched out and aid given just at a time when a friend in need was a friend indeed. Many a struggling tradesman can tell how often he has mounted the office stairs to ask for help to meet a note or some other similar emergency, and that he did not ask in vain. Many a poor and perplexed one took up his time by recounting some act of another’s from which they were or had been suffering, and from him obtained as much attention and as carefully considered advice as though they had carried a large fee in their hands. The blank caused by the death of Mr. Dowdall will be a wide one: not all at once will it be discovered how much he is missed, but as the days and weeks glide by there will be many occasions when parties will long for the sound of a voice that is still, and it is safe to say in his case that take him for all and all it will be long before we look upon his like again. Mr. Dowdall was a Roman Catholic, and the Roman Catholic church of this town will miss his counsel and assistance greatly, but it can be said to his credit that though himself a devoted Catholic he was as broad-minded and liberal as he was zealous in religious matters. Throughout his career he always showed a warm feeling for his co-religionists, while nothing ever prevented his doing justice to those who differed from him. The Reform party, too, will greatly miss him.” The Central Canadian, of Carleton Place, also spoke of him in this kindly manner:—“As a member of the corporation of Almonte, he contributed of his judgment, knowledge, energy, and life to make everybody happy and everything prosperous. Mr. Dowdall’s prominent play in politics and his long sphere of operations as a lawyer of much discretion and accuracy brought out his innermost self in a way few other professions do, and showed what manner of man he was. Yet though thus so fiercely exposed to hostile criticism, he made iron-bound friends where-ever he went. He had a personality so attractive, a character so disarming in its tenderness and self-abnegation; he was so clear and candid that he broke down all barriers of prejudice. Moreover, among his intimates he possessed that mysterious gift of attraction which in colloquial symbolism is called magnetism. On the 28th September, Mr. Dowdall first complained and was advised by his physician to take rest, which he did, but contrary to advice he went out on Tuesday and drove up to the Reform meeting, and died on the 27th October, 1885.” Richard J. Dowdall, barrister, has succeeded to the practice of the late James Dowdall. He had just completed his law course at the time of his brother’s death, and at once commenced practice in the old offices at Almonte.

Crocket, William, A.M., Chief Superintendent of Education for New Brunswick, Fredericton, was born in Brechin, in the north of Scotland, on the 17th of May, 1832. His parents were James Crocket and Martha Procter. William received his elementary education at the High School of his native parish, and then went to King’s College, Aberdeen, where he took the university course. His professional training he received at the Established Church Normal School in Glasgow. He came to New Brunswick in 1856, and from this date to 1861, filled the position of principal of the Superior School at Campbellton, New Brunswick. In 1861, he was appointed rector of the Presbyterian Academy, at Chatham, New Brunswick, and acted as such until 1870, when he was appointed principal of the Normal School of New Brunswick, and this office he held until 1883. On the 13th November of that year, he was appointed by the government of New Brunswick, its chief superintendent of education for the province, and this office he now holds, and is greatly respected by all with whom his official position brings him in contact. Mr. Crocket has been faithful to his profession; has laboured zealously to improve the method of teaching in the Public schools of the province, and has the satisfaction of knowing that his efforts have not been barren of results. He has also taken a deep interest in the higher education of the province, and has been for over ten years one of the examiners for degrees in the University of New Brunswick, and is likewise a member of the University Senate. He belongs to the church of his fathers, the Presbyterian; and was married to Marion, daughter of William M. Caldwell, of Campbellton, New Brunswick, on the 13th of April, 1858.

Barclay, Rev. James, M.A., Pastor of St. Paul’s Presbyterian Church, Montreal, is a native of Paisley, Scotland, having been born in that town on the 19th June, 1844. His parents were James Barclay and Margaret Cochrane Brown. He received his primary education in Paisley Grammar School, and Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh, and then went to the University of Glasgow, where he graduated with high honours. He was then called to St. Michael’s Church, Dumfries. On the occasion of his ordination, the Rev. Dr. Lees, of St. Giles, Edinburgh, who was present, spoke in the most kindly manner of the young minister, and said that during Mr. Barclay’s college course the presbytery of Paisley had great cause to be proud of him; he had carried off one prize after another—in fact, his name was seen on every list of honours published by the university. Rev. Mr. Barclay’s next charge was Canobie, Dumfriesshire; then he preached for some time in Linlithgow, and was afterwards induced to seek a wider field for his talents, and was chosen colleague of the Rev. Dr. McGregor in St. Cuthbert’s Church, Edinburgh. Here he soon won for himself a name, and became one of the most popular preachers in the Scotch metropolis. St. Paul’s Church, Montreal, being without a pastor, it extended a unanimous call to Mr. Barclay, asking him to come to Canada and take charge of this church, which he consented to do, and was inducted as its minister on the 11th of October, 1883. Since then his ministry in Montreal has been eminently successful, and his influence among the young men of that city is greatly marked, so much so that they flock to his church in great numbers, and regard him in a special sense as their friend. The Rev. Mr. Barclay has great mental qualities, is an independent thinker, and never hesitates to enunciate the scientific and theological thoughts of the times we live in. His sermons are prepared with great care, and are delivered with earnestness and force. He is a good reader, an impressive platform speaker, and his prayers are solemn, reverential and spiritual, leading man up from self and earth and sin into the presence of God, the Father of all. Physically the Rev. Mr. Barclay is tall and muscular, giving one an idea of strength and power. He belongs to the Charles Kingsley school, and is a lover of outdoor pastimes and sports, a champion cricketer and golf player, and a great admirer of the “roaring game”—curling. The Edinburgh Scotsman has spoken of him as being the best all round cricketer in Scotland, and a terrifically fast bowler who has won victory after victory for the west of Scotland. He was captain of the Glasgow University cricket and football clubs for some years, and also captain of the “Gentlemen of Scotland.” We are glad that in this matter of out-door recreation, and also in some other matters, he has shown the courage of his convictions, and we do not think he has lost anything by it. There is such a thing as being too professional and too priestly, and there can be little doubt but that this has done its full share in creating the somewhat general prejudice that exists among young men against religion. This popular divine has been honoured by being called on to preach before Queen Victoria on several occasions, and he stands high in her Majesty’s estimation as an expounder of the gospel of Christ. The congregation of St. Paul’s Church is large and influential. Its ministers have always been men of commanding intellect and gentlemanly bearing, and who held their several pastorates for a considerable number of years. Their names and good deeds are kindly remembered by the citizens and the members of the church and congregation. The regular communicants of the church number about six hundred, and the Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper is administered three times a year. The several organizations of the church are doing good work for humanity, and there is a large and flourishing Sunday school. The Victoria mission, at Point St. Charles, is supported and carried on by this church; and it also supports a missionary in Central India. Its annual revenue amounts to about $22,000.00, and the pastor’s salary is $7,300.00, the largest paid to any minister in the dominion.

Watson, George, Collector of Customs, Collingwood, Ontario, was born on the 2nd of December, 1828, in the parish of Strathdon, near Aberdeen, Scotland, on a farm that had been occupied by his forefathers for over two hundred years, and which one of the family still occupies. The first of the Watson family, an aunt of the subject of our sketch, came to York, Upper Canada, in 1816, at the solicitation of Bishop Strachan, who came to Canada in 1812 from the same parish. His uncle-in-law, William Arthurs (father of the late Colonel Arthurs), was one of the first city councillors of Toronto, William Lyon Mackenzie, mayor. His father, Alexander Watson, emigrated to Upper Canada in 1832, and settled on a farm in the township of Chinguacousy, about twenty miles from Toronto, and died at Collingwood on the 30th of November, 1877, at the ripe old age of eighty-four years and six months. His mother was named Annie Watt, and died at the family homestead in Scotland when only twenty-nine years and nine months old. George received his early education in the parish school of Strathdon, and coming to Canada in 1843, finished his course of studies in the Grammar School at Toronto. He went on his father’s farm and continued there until 1855, when he took the position of passenger conductor on the Northern Railway, and continued as such for nearly twelve years. In October, 1866, in consequence of ill health, he gave up railroading, and in November of the same year received the government appointment of sub-collector at the port of Collingwood. In 1873, when the port was made an independent one, he was made collector, and this position he still holds. He has now resided in Collingwood over thirty-two years, and occupied the position of government officer of customs over twenty years. In 1867 Mr. Watson was elected mayor of Collingwood, and held the office for five consecutive years, and at the end of this time he declined to serve any longer; but in 1877, however, he was again induced to accept the office, and served another term. He is a justice of the peace; and has been chairman of the board of license commissioners for West Simcoe since the passing of the Ontario License Law in 1876. He is an enthusiastic Scot, and has filled the office of president of the Collingwood St. Andrew’s Society since its organization in 1880. Mr. Watson is also surveyor and registrar of shipping for the Collingwood district. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church, and in politics a Reformer, as were his forefathers. In June, 1865, Mr. Watson was married to Joanna, daughter of the late John Watson, of Chinguacousy, and has a family of three sons, George, aged twenty years, Lorne Mackenzie, aged four years, and Norman, aged four months. Mr. Watson is one of Nature’s noblemen, and has through life manifested a thoroughly independent spirit, and one well worthy of imitation by any young man starting out in life. He has earned for himself a competency “for the glorious privilege of being independent.”

Crisp, Rev. Robert S., Pastor of the Methodist Church, Moncton, New Brunswick, is one of two brothers (Robert S. and James Crisp), who came to the Maritime provinces during the years 1871 and 1872, for the purpose of entering the Methodist ministry. Robert S., the elder of the two brothers and subject of this sketch, was born near Norwich, England, July 1st, 1848. He is the eldest son of James and Sarah Crisp, and is descended on his mother’s side from a junior branch of the Walpole family, some members of which occupied important positions in English politics during the reigns of George I. and George II. Many interesting traditions and relics, as well as valuable estates in Norfolk, still remain in this branch of the family. After receiving a general education in the public schools and in a private school of his native place, Mr. Crisp took theological studies under the direction of the Rev. Thomas G. Keeling, M.A., well known in certain divinity circles in the old country, purposing to offer himself for the Methodist ministry in connection with the English conference. A letter from the late Rev. Dr. Geo. Scott, urging him to go to America, decided him, however, in an early purpose he had formed of some time offering himself for the work under the control of the (then) Eastern British American conference, which he accordingly did in October, 1871, and on arriving in this country was appointed assistant to the Rev. F. W. Harrison, in a large country charge on the banks of the St. John river, in New Brunswick. Among other charges held by Mr. Crisp, have been Charlottetown, P.E.I., Chatham, Portland, and Moncton, N.B. Mr. Crisp’s especial aim has been to adapt himself as far as possible to the actual needs and tastes of the people among whom he has laboured in word and doctrine. As a result of this he has been successful in his work, and the church to which he belongs has been extended and consolidated in his various charges. He is also well known as a lecturer and enthusiastic temperance worker. In the latter capacity he has sometimes aroused much opposition. He was chosen to deliver an address of welcome at the annual meeting of the Sons of Temperance in Moncton in 1886, and as a result of remarks he made regarding the appointment of a man who was transacting business in liquor, to the office of justice of the peace in a town in which the Scott Act had been adopted, he was sued for libel with damages laid at $10,000. Rev. Mr. Crisp, however, kept on steadily in his course, and soon after the local government appointed a commission to enquire into the charges preferred. Mr. Crisp is still a young man (1887), and hopes to have very many years of labour before him in various departments of Christian work.

Harris, Joseph A., Barrister-at-law, Moncton, New Brunswick, is the fifth son of Michael S. Harris, and was born at Moncton, New Brunswick, on the 23rd of August, 1847. He received his educational training at the Mount Allison Academy, New Brunswick, and in the Liverpool Collegiate Institution, England. After leaving school he followed mercantile pursuits until 1872, when he began the study of law in the office of the late Albert J. Hickman, barrister, Dorchester, New Brunswick, and continued here until September of 1873, when he entered Harvard University, Massachusetts. In this university he remained for over two years. He then returned to his native province, and entered the office of the Hon. John J. Fraser, Q.C., J.S.C., at Fredericton, New Brunswick, as a student, and continuing there until October, 1876, when he was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick. In 1877 Mr. Harris became a member of the Suffolk bar in Massachusetts, and practised his profession in Boston until 1885, when he returned to Moncton, was re-sworn in a barrister, and is now in active practice in that town being counsel for several leading corporations. On the 29th of April, 1879, Mr. Harris was married at Warren, Rhode Island, U.S., to Isabel F. E. Brown, daughter of the late Hon. Charles Frederick Brown, of Rhode Island.

Hunt, Henry George, St. Catharines, Ontario, was born on the 16th of June, 1846, at Sheerness, Kent, England. He is the eldest son of Harvey Hunt, of Poole, Dorsetshire, England, and Sarah Tucker, of Horne, in the same county, daughter of W. Tucker, the Swedish and Danish consul at Poole. Henry George Hunt, the subject of this sketch, spent the first six years of his life in Sheerness, and in 1852, his father having received an appointment in her Majesty’s dockyards at Portsmouth, the family removed to that place. Here Henry received his education at the Grammar School of that town, and at the age of fourteen years he went before the Civil Service commission and passed a most creditable examination, being first out of one hundred and thirteen for a scholarship in the Royal College of Naval Architecture at Portsmouth. At the end of a three years’ course in this institution he was in 1863 promoted from the lower to the upper college. Two years later he was appointed by the Imperial government to the Peninsular and Oriental Company’s service in the East Indies, and left England on the 29th of September, 1865, in H.M.S. Octavia, fifty-one-gun frigate, commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir James Hilyar, K.C.B., for India. This ship on her way out called at Madeira, Sierra Leone, Ascension, St. Helena, and remained some weeks at each of these ports, arriving at the Cape of Good Hope in the early part of 1866, and remained there about a month, visiting Port Natal, Simonstown, and other places. He afterwards visited Zanzibar, the island of Madagascar, etc. In 1867 he sailed for Bombay, and entered upon his duties with the Peninsular and Oriental Company. During the years 1867-8-9 he visited every stores depot owned by this company in the east, among them being Suez, Aden in the Red Sea; Muscat in the Persian Gulf; Kurachee, Bombay, Goa, Pondicherry, Madras, Calcutta, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Canton in China; and Yokahama in Japan. In the summer of 1869 he was taken down with the jungle fever, having caught a severe cold when out shooting with some brother officers in Ceylon, and when it was discovered to be a very serious case, he was conveyed to the Madras Hospital, where, after a hard fight, he pulled through. He then resigned his appointment and started for home by the long sea-route round the Cape of Good Hope, having taken passage in H.M.S. Lyra. On his arrival in England he was appointed landing waiter in her Majesty’s customs, and was stationed at Portsmouth. He remained in this service until the fall of 1871, when the Hon. Mr. Gladstone’s “free breakfast-table policy” caused a great reduction in the staff of customs officers at the out-ports, and Mr. Hunt, with many other officers around the coast of Great Britain, received a few hundred pounds cash as compensation for the loss of their commissions, and left the service. In the spring of 1872 Mr. Hunt was married to Eleanor Fanny, eldest daughter of Arthur Charles Lansley, of Andover, Hants; and in the fall of the same year he sailed for America to visit a wealthy uncle who lived in Alabama. Having taken his passage via Quebec, on his westward journey, he was induced to stay over at St. Thomas, Ontario, and take a position in the Canada Southern Railway Company. Not having realized his expectations, he abandoned this service, and for the next two or three years he was engaged in various pursuits, such as bookkeeper for Rich & Mitchell, wholesale druggists, St. Thomas, and for Messrs. Kain, of the same place. In 1877 he bought out a jobbing business, and in the following year sold this out and removed to St. Catharines, to take charge in that city of the extensive piano-forte business of A. & S. Nordheimer, of Toronto. On this branch being closed, Mr. Hunt received the appointment of city ticket agent for the Great Western Railway Company in St. Catharines; and since he has extended his business of ticket-selling so that he now represents every railway and steamboat line in Canada and the United States, and the extensive tourist system of Thomas Cook & Sons, of New York and London, England. Mr. Hunt has been prominently identified with the Masonic order for many years. In 1866, while at the Cape of Good Hope, on his way to India, he was initiated in Royal Alfred lodge of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, a very aristocratic lodge, Prince Alfred, after whom it was named, with many officers of the military and civil service, being members. While in St. Thomas he was instrumental in forming a company that built one of the finest Masonic halls in Canada. He established Elgin lodge, and was its first worshipful master; was also first principal of De Warrene chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and assisted in establishing Nineveh Council of Royal and Select Masters, and was one of its Illustrious masters. Since his residence in St. Catharines he has taken an active part in city improvements, and helped in getting an electric light company established, and is now the manager and secretary-treasurer of this company. Mr. Hunt has also been for the past five years manager of the Grand Opera House; and is manager of Hendrie & Co’s. cartage agency for the collection and delivery of freight for the Grand Trunk Railway. He represents the Baltimore & Ohio Telegraph Company, the Commercial (Mackay-Bennett) Cable Company, and all the transatlantic steamboat companies, as well as the Canadian Pacific Telegraph Company, and Dominion Express Company. Mr. Hunt is a strong supporter of the Episcopal church. He has been twice married, his first wife having died a few years after his arrival in Canada, leaving two children. Six years afterwards he married the second daughter of the late Charles Norton, of St. Catharines, and by this marriage he has had two sons and two daughters.

Cooke, Thomas Vincent, Moncton, New Brunswick, General Storekeeper of the Intercolonial Railway of Canada, was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, August 6th, 1848. He is a son of Dr. William Edward Cooke and Euphemia Turnbull. Dr. Cooke was a son of Thomas Cooke, of Garryhill, county of Carlow, Ireland, and Mary Mallow. Miss Mallow was a daughter of John Mallow, mayor of Dublin, in the stirring days of ’98. Mr. Cooke, sen., came to Halifax when a boy, and studied medicine under the late Dr. Head of that city, and graduated at Jefferson College, Philadelphia. He married Miss Turnbull, a daughter of William Turnbull, ex-M.P. for the county of Richmond, Cape Breton, and shortly afterwards moved to Pictou and practised his profession in that town until his death in 1879. He was a man of the most kindly and genial disposition, and was widely known and universally beloved throughout the county of Pictou. His son, Thomas Vincent Cooke, the subject of this sketch, was educated at Pictou Academy and the Normal School, Truro, and studied medicine for a time under the late Dr. Samuel Muir, of Truro, but having a dislike for the medical profession, entered the service of the Nova Scotia Railway Company as clerk in the freight department at Richmond, Halifax, in January, 1865. On the opening of the line to Pictou in 1867, he was appointed agent at Pictou Landing. Was appointed agent at Truro in 1870, and reappointed at Pictou Landing in 1872. On the reorganization of the service in 1879, he was appointed assistant auditor of the Intercolonial Railway Company, and removed to Moncton, where he was appointed general storekeeper in October, 1880. Mr. Cooke has always taken a deep interest in Masonic matters. He joined the order in Truro in 1871, and is a past master of Cobuquid lodge, No. 37, Truro, and past high priest of Keith Chapter, Truro, and of St. John’s Chapter, Pictou, Royal Arch Masons. Holds past rank as past grand king of the Grand Chapter of Nova Scotia, and is representative of the Grand Chapter of Nevada in that body. Is eminent preceptor of Malta Preceptory of Knights Templar, Truro, under the Great Priory of Canada. He was married in 1867 to Annie Curry, daughter of Captain John Curry, of Pictou, N.S., and has one son and three daughters. He is a member of the Church of England.

Rottot, Jean Philippe, M.D., Montreal, was born at L’Assomption, county of L’Assomption, July 3rd, 1825. His grandfather, Pierre Rottot, who had been gazetted captain of the Canadian Voltigeurs in 1812, was killed at the battle of St. Régis, on the 20th October of the same year. After his death, his son, Pierre Rottot, the doctor’s father, was appointed lieutenant to the “Chasseurs Canadiens,” commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel de Courci, and was present at the different engagements which took place between the English and American troops during the war of 1812, among others at the expedition to the Salmon river, and at the battles of Plattsburg and Chrysler’s Farm. Dr. Rottot received his education at the College of Montreal. He studied medicine at the School of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal, and was admitted to practice on the 16th November, 1847. After practising a few years in the country, he took up his residence in Montreal. In 1856 he was elected, without opposition, a member of the City council of Montreal. At the expiration of his term of office he declined re-nomination, in order to devote himself wholly to his profession. About 1860 he was appointed physician to the Hôtel-Dieu, and professor of the School of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal, where he occupied successively the chairs of botany, toxicology, medical jurisprudence, and internal pathology. In 1872 he became editor-in-chief of L’Union Médicale du Canada, which was just being founded. He was president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Montreal in 1877 and 1878. About the same time he was elected president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec. In 1878 he resigned his chair at the School of Medicine and Surgery, and was appointed professor of internal pathology and dean of the faculty of medicine of Laval University at Montreal. Dr. Rottot was one of the founders of the Notre Dame Hospital. During his medical career he has been the physician of the greater number of the charitable institutions of Montreal, and is at present physician to the reverend gentlemen of the Seminary of Saint Sulpice, and the reverend ladies of the General Hospital. Dr. Rottot was twice married; the first time to S. O’Leary, daughter of Dr. O’Leary, and the second time to the widow of N. Migneault, in his lifetime registrar of Chambly county. Mrs. Migneault is a sister of P. B. Benoit, ex-member of the House of Commons. By his first wife he had three children, the eldest of whom belongs to the order of the Reverend Jesuit Fathers, and is professor of philosophy in St. Mary’s College, Montreal.

Wanless, John, M.D., Montreal.—This famed homœopathic physician is a Scotchman by birth, having been born at Perth road, Dundee, near St. Peter’s parish church, where the celebrated Rev. R. M. McCheyne was pastor, on May 26th, 1813. He is the second son of the late James Wanless, a man who was in his day very much respected by his fellow townspeople, and who for many years carried on business as a manufacturer of green cloth in Dundee. His mother, Agnes Sim, is still alive (August, 1887) at the age of ninety-six years, in full possession of her mental faculties, and can see to read without spectacles. Dr. Wanless much resembles this wonderful woman in many respects. Dr. Wanless’s father intended that his two sons should succeed him in his own business, but after his death, which took place when the doctor was only ten years old, the executors of the estate, when he had reached his thirteenth year, apprenticed him to Dr. James Johnston, one of themselves, a leading physician in Dundee. This gentleman having died shortly afterwards, James Hay, merchant and ship-owner, another of the executors, and one of the governors of the Dundee Royal Infirmary, discovering the boy’s aptitude for medical study, was induced to secure for him the position of dresser and clinical clerk in the above hospital, which for three years he filled to the entire satisfaction of the governors and medical men of the institution. While he was here he was a great favourite with the celebrated lithotomist, Dr. John Creighton, of Dundee, and this gentleman often asked young Wanless to assist him in his private operations, as well as in the hospital, and on the eve of his leaving to prosecute his studies in Edinburgh, he bore high testimony to his ability and diligence as a student, and as to his practical knowledge of his profession. It may be as well to mention here that young Wanless, like all other boys on the Scotch sea-board, was very fond of paddling in the water, and on several occasions narrowly escaped drowning. When about ten years of age he and some other boys were amusing themselves on some logs that had got adrift from the ship Horton, of Dundee, just arrived from America, and had floated up the river into a small bay, which at its mouth had a sort of pier with arches on it. While astride a piece of this timber it capsized, and our young hero was soon at the bottom of the river. On coming to the surface, he found himself immediatetly below a raft, and considering that his time had not yet come to be drowned, he struck out boldly from under, and gasping for breath, he was hauled on the raft by his terrified comrades. On getting ashore he dried his clothes and made for home; but his father nevertheless discovered that he had had a ducking, and gave him a sound thrashing and confined him in doors for some time for his boyish escapade. The doctor now thinks that if his father—who was a very loving man—had not been imbued with the idea that “he that spareth the rod hateth the child,” he would have done better had he given him some dry clothes, or sent him for a time to a warm bed. In 1831 John Wanless left Dundee and went to Edinburgh, as a student in the Royal College of Surgeons, under the then celebrated professors McIntosh, Liston, Lizars, Ferguson, and others, fellows of the college, all of whom are now gone to their final rest. During the college session of 1831, his friend, Mr. Hay, offered him the position of surgeon on board the whaling ship Thomas, which office he cheerfully accepted, although he was then only seventeen years of age. This good ship sailed from Dundee in March, 1832, and returned with a full cargo in time to permit the young surgeon to attend the opening of the college session of 1832-3. Subsequently during college vacation he went three times to Davis Straits in the same ship, and thereby greatly invigorated his previously rather slender physical frame. While on one of his whaling voyages he one day was out in a boat shooting loons, which are very numerous in Davis Straits, and a good many can be killed by one discharge from a gun. In the act of gathering the killed he espied a wounded bird at a short distance, and in his endeavour to reach it he leaned too far over the gunwale, lost his balance, and went head first into the Arctic sea. His shipmates were alarmed, and waited in dread suspense for some time, but at length he came up, holding on to the loon by one of its legs. The mate afterwards remarked “that the doctor should always be taken with the shooting parties, for he could dive for the wounded fellows.” It may be here mentioned that the doctor was a good swimmer, and as a youth practised swimming in the Tay at Dundee, and was in the habit, sometimes, of carrying younger boys on his back out into the stream, and then throwing them off; but before doing this, however, he always gave them instructions how to swim on their “own hook.” He has been known to swim for three miles on a stretch, resting occasionally on his back. At Pond’s Bay he one time fell out of a boat, while steering with a long oar, amongst a lot of whales. There were about fifty ships’ boats and their crews in a crack in the land ice, which extended about twenty miles from the shore, and in some places the rent was about one hundred yards wide. In this opening the whales were so numerous that the harpooners only selected the largest fish for capture. During the excitement, and when passing another boat, the blade of one of their side oars unshipped the doctor’s steering oar while he was pushing it from him, and, losing his balance, he fell into the water. He however did not feel the least alarmed, but at once struck out for the ice, and, drying his clothes as well as he could, walked to his ship, which was anchored about two miles away, in the field ice, and soon found himself on deck, not much the worse for his ducking. In the spring of 1835, having passed his examination before the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, he returned to Dundee and married Margaret McDonald, the only daughter of Duncan McDonald, a well-known manufacturer of that town, and Margaret Rose, his wife. To Miss McDonald he had been betrothed for several years. He then became house surgeon in the Dundee Royal Infirmary, and having filled this position for about two years, gave it up, and entered into private practice, his office being in the same house in which he was born and married. In 1843 Dr. Wanless, accompanied by his wife, mother, brother, and sisters, with their husbands, emigrated to Canada, and ultimately settled in London, Ontario. While in this city the doctor built up a good practice, and as coroner for the city of London and county of Middlesex he was highly spoken of by the press for the luminous and logical way in which he presented evidence to his jurors. In 1849 he received his license from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada. One day, in 1859, as he was walking along a street in London to visit a patient, he observed Dr. Bull, a homœopathist, give some pellets to a man who had fallen out of a two-story window. Having a prejudice against homœopathy, he accosted Dr. Bull in these words, “Don’t you think shame of yourself in giving that useless trash to a man in that condition?” Dr. Bull rose up, in a defensive attitude, and said, “I have always taken you for a sensible man, and instead of acting as you have done in your persecutions of us, why don’t you try to test our remedies according to the law of cure? I will give you some of our books to read, and also some of our medicines for that purpose.” Dr. Wanless accepted the offer, and took the books and medicines, thinking that he would be able to expose what he then thought was a humbug. After studying the principle of homœopathy for some time he gave the medicines to some of his patients, strictly according to the principles of homœopathy, beginning with some cases which had resisted the allopathic treatment under his own care, and that of some of the ablest men in the country, keeping a strict account of the symptoms and disease, and the symptoms and pathogenesy of what the medicine would produce on the healthy body, and after carefully testing this method of practice for nearly two years, he found that, instead of persecuting the homœopathists, he would have to become a homœopathist himself. After thorough conviction of its benefits to his patients, like Paul with the Christians, and in order to carry out the practice of homœopathy with more efficiency, he ceased from practice in London, and devoted himself to renewed study at the age of fifty years, and obtained the degree of Bachelor of Medicine from the University of Toronto in 1861, and the degree of Doctor in Medicine from the same University in the following year, 1862. He then, in order to have a wider field to labour in, went to Montreal (but before leaving having been complimented by the press of London upon his previous professional attainments), where he now resides, enjoying a good practice. In politics, as in medicine, Dr. Wanless has sought to conserve the good, and set aside the effete and worthless. Both in London and Montreal, by his spirited and able contributions to the press, he has done much to popularize homœopathy, and establish its prime tenets. He was instrumental in procuring an act of the Provincial parliament of Quebec, in favour of homœopathic education, and with power to grant licenses to those who had studied according to the curriculum specified by the act, and who had passed a satisfactory examination before the appointed board of examiners, as he always upheld that homœopaths, as well as allopaths, should be able to show that they possessed a thorough medical education and training. Dr. Wanless is nominal dean of the Faculty of the College of Homœopathic Physicians and Surgeons of Montreal, and professor of the practice of physic and one of the examiners of the college. He attained the license of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow in 1835; College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada in 1849; M.B. of the University of Toronto, 1861; M.D. of the University of Toronto in 1862, and is a member of the Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario and Quebec. He has a son, Dr. John R. Wanless, who now practises in Dunedin, New Zealand. This gentleman is a graduate M.D.,C.M. of McGill University, Montreal, and, like his father, has adopted the homœopathic principle from conviction. In religion, as in politics and medicine, the doctor is thoroughly liberal, and belongs to the Congregational body of worshippers. He is broad in his views, giving liberty of opinion to all, and exhibits no desire to scold and burn those who differ from him, except to show them their error by fair reasoning.

Boswell, George Morss Jukes, Q.C., Judge of the County Court of the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham, Cobourg, Ontario, was born at Gosport, England, in June, 1804. His father, John Boswell, of London, England, solicitor, was the youngest son of James Boswell, an officer in the Royal Navy, whose four elder brothers were also officers in the same service, and a descendant of the Boswells of Balmuto, Scotland, the elder branch of the family of the celebrated biographer. Judge Boswell, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Grammar School, Buntingford, Herts, England, came to Canada in 1822, and was one of the earliest settlers in Cobourg. He was called to the bar in Michaelmas term, 1827, and is the premier Queen’s counsel in Canada, being the first created by commission in August, 1841. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Upper Canada Assembly in 1836, but was returned at the first election after the union of Upper and Lower Canada, and sat from 1841 to 1844, in the then Parliament of Canada. While in parliament he took a prominent part in constitutional debate, was a staunch advocate of responsible government, and although a Conservative in principle, worked with the Reform party until constitutional government was conceded. During the discussion on this question, he forced Mr. Draper, then attorney-general, to admit the principle, “That if the government cannot command the majority of the house, so that its measures may be carried on harmoniously, if they do not find by the whole proceedings of the house that they have the confidence of a majority of its members, then that a dissolution of the house shall follow, or that the government resign.” This then settled this important question of responsible government, though dragged out of Attorney-General Draper against his will (see Cobourg Star, June 11th, 1841). Before accepting a judgeship, Mr. Boswell was one of the leading lawyers in Canada, and as such was specially retained to defend Hunter, Morrison, Montgomery, and others, who were tried for high treason in connection with the rebellion in 1837. The two former were acquitted. In 1845, he was appointed Judge of the County Court of the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham, and accepted superannuation in 1882. In 1837, he served under Colonel Ham as brigade major with the volunteers in suppressing the rebellion, and was on the frontier at Chippawa, at the time the rebels under McKenzie took possession of Navy Island. Judge Boswell was married first in 1829, to Susannah, daughter of James Radcliffe, by whom he had a numerous family; and last to Mary, daughter of the late Rev. Thomas Wrench, rector of St. Michael’s Church, Cornhill, London.

Ogilvie, Hon. Alexander Walker, Montreal, Lieutenant-Colonel, member of the Senate of Canada for Alma division, was born at St. Michael, near the city of Montreal, on the 7th of May, 1829. The Ogilvie family is descended from a younger brother of Gilchrist, Earl of Angus, a valiant soldier who in the thirteenth century was rewarded with the land of Ogilvie, in Banffshire, Scotland, and assumed the name of the estate. The family is celebrated in history for having long preserved the Crown and sceptre of Scotland from the hands of Oliver Cromwell. The parents of Senator Ogilvie came from Stirlingshire, Scotland, to Canada in 1800, and Mr. Ogilvie, sr., served his adopted country as a volunteer cavalry officer during the war of 1812-14 against the Americans; and took up arms against the so-called patriots during the Canadian rebellion of 1837-8. To this couple were born a large family of sons and daughters, and all have made their mark in the country. In 1854 Alexander and his brothers, John and William, founded the firm of A. W. Ogilvie & Co., as millers and dealers in grain, and built extensive mills on the banks of the canal at Montreal, now known as the Glenora mills. Since that time the business has grown to such dimensions that the firm’s mills and business operations are carried on at Montreal, Goderich, Seaforth, Winnipeg and other parts of the North-West, and they are now the most extensive millers in the Dominion. In 1874 Alexander retired from the business. In 1867 he first entered political life, and at the general election of that year he was chosen by acclamation to represent Montreal West in the Quebec legislature, when on the dissolution of the house in 1871 he declined re-nomination. He, however, was induced again to enter the political field in 1875, and was elected for his old seat. This he occupied until the legislature was dissolved in 1878, when he retired from local politics. On December 24, 1881, he was called to the Senate to represent the Alma division in that body. Senator Ogilvie has been an alderman for the city of Montreal, president of the Workingmen’s, Widows and Orphans’ Benefit Society, and of the St. Andrew’s Society, and a lieutenant-colonel of the Montreal Cavalry (now on the retired list). He is president of the St. Michael Road Company, chairman of the Montreal Turnpike Trust, and of the Montreal Board of Directors of the London (England) Guarantee Company, a director of the Sun Life Insurance Company, the Edwardsburg Starch Company, the Montreal Loan and Mortgage Company, and the Montreal Investment Company. He is also a justice of the peace. Senator Ogilvie is a Conservative in politics, and in religion is a Presbyterian. He is married to a daughter of the late William Leney, of Montreal, and has a family of four children, one son and three daughters.

Campbell, Rev. Robert, M.A., D.D., Pastor of St. Gabriel Presbyterian Church, Montreal, was born on a farm near the town of Perth, Lanark county, Ontario, on the 21st June, 1835. Peter Campbell, father of the subject of this sketch, was born at Rein-a-Chullaig, Loch Tayside, Breadalbane, Perthshire, Scotland, and belonged to the Lochnell branch of the Campbell clan. One of his ancestors having taken part in the Jacobite rising in 1715, and thus having incurred the displeasure of Argyll, who was at the head of the Hanoverian forces, did not return to his native district, but placed himself under the protection of his other great kinsman, Breadalbane, who was neutral in that contest, and who assigned him the property called Rein-a-Chullaig. Peter Campbell was a man of high character and intelligence. He had for a time been a teacher in Scotland, and this gave him much influence with his Highland countrymen who accompanied him to Canada in 1817, and settled in the Bathurst district. He brought some money with him to Canada, and owned the first yoke of oxen in the settlement; although during the first season he had to carry a bag of flour on his back through the woods from Brockville, a distance of about fifty miles, having no road to follow but guided only by the blazes on the trees. He was chosen an elder of the first Presbyterian church, which was under the ministry of Rev. William Bell, shortly after his arrival in the country. But as he was born and bred in the Church of Scotland, he united with that branch of the Presbyterian communion as soon as it was established in Perth under the ministry of the late Rev. T. C. Wilson, of Dunkeld, Scotland, and was installed an elder in it too, which office he retained till his death in 1848. Margaret Campbell, Rev. Dr. Campbell’s mother, was of the Gleno and Inverliver branch of the clan Campbell. She was born in Glenlyon, Scotland, her mother being a MacDiarmid, one of the oldest families in Scotland. Mrs. Campbell ably seconded her husband in all his aims and efforts; and one of the results of their joint influence and instruction was that three of their sons became ministers of the Presbyterian Church of Canada in connection with the Church of Scotland, and a fourth studied for the ministry of the Baptist church, but his health broke down before he was able to complete his course of preparation. Robert was the seventh son, and eleventh child of the family, his youngest brother being Rev. Alexander Campbell, B.A., of Prince Albert, North-West Territory. He was educated at the common school, near his birth place; but as it happened that the school was taught by a succession of able masters, one of them being an admirable scholar in both classics and mathematics, he enjoyed considerable advantages, and he, with his youngest brother, made very rapid progress in study. He himself became a common school teacher at the age of sixteen; and the desire he had to perfect himself in the subjects which he had to teach was the best master he was ever under, and he learned more always while teaching than while avowedly only a student under the direction of others. In 1853 he entered as a student at Queen’s University, taking the only open scholarship for the year. This scholarship he retained by competition every year all through his course. In 1855 he obtained the first medal ever offered in Queen’s College for a special examination in English history and ancient geography. In 1856 he graduated B.A., and in 1858 M.A., in the same university. He taught the public school near Appleton in 1852, and the next year the school at Leckie’s Corners, near Almonte. In 1856 he was appointed headmaster of the Queen’s College Preparatory School, where he had under his care, at a time when High schools were few and inefficient throughout the country, students from all parts of Canada, and even from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, who had it in view to matriculate in Queen’s University. A great many of the youth of Kingston also took advantage of the educational facilities afforded by the school. This position he held till 1st October, 1860, when he quitted it with a view to entering the ministry of the Presbyterian Church of Canada in connection with the Church of Scotland. In the autumn of 1860, after having received license as a preacher in Canada, he went abroad with a view to seeing a little of the world, and becoming familiar with men and things in the older civilized communities, and he remained thirteen months in Great Britain and the Continent, taking advantage of access to the museums, art galleries, and learned societies of Edinburgh particularly, where he spent most of the winter, as well as giving occasional attendance at lectures in the university. He returned to Canada late in the autumn of 1861, and accepted a call in April, 1862, to St. Andrew’s Church, Galt, Ontario, having declined overtures from Melbourne, Beckwith, and one or two other charges. He remained in Galt till 1st December, 1866, when called to his present sphere of labour as minister of the oldest Presbyterian church in the inland provinces. The centennial celebration of the founding of the congregation that built this church was held on the 9th of March, 1886, and was an occasion of great interest to the entire community. The University of Queen’s College conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity upon him at the convocation in April, 1887. Rev. Dr. Campbell is chairman of the Board of Management of the Widows’ and Orphans’ Fund of the Presbyterian Church of Canada in connection with the Church of Scotland; a member of the Executive Committee of the Temporalities Board of the same church; a trustee of Queen’s University, and a member of the Senate of the Presbyterian College, Montreal. He held the office of lecturer in Ecclesiastical History for two sessions in Queen’s University, Kingston, and was a vice-president of the Natural History Society of Montreal. He has maintained steadfastly his early religious convictions. But while orthodox himself, he has always exercised toleration towards those that could not see exactly as he did. Rev. Dr. Campbell won the prize for the best essay on Presbyterian Union offered by a committee of gentlemen in Quebec and Montreal in the year 1866, which was afterwards published, and greatly helped to leaven public opinion on that question. He is now engaged on a history of the St. Gabriel St. Church, Montreal, which will shortly be published, and cannot fail to prove of great interest to every Presbyterian in Canada. Rev. Dr. Campbell was married on the 29th of December, 1863, to Margaret, eldest child and only daughter of Rev. George Macdonnell, minister of St. Andrew’s Church, Fergus, a faithful, useful, and highly respected minister of the Presbyterian Church of Canada in connection with the Church of Scotland. Rev. D. J. Macdonnell, B.D., of Toronto, and G. M. Macdonnell, Q.C., of Kingston, are her brothers. Her mother was Elizabeth Milnes, of the same stock as Moncton Milnes, Lord Houghton.

Inches, Peter Robertson, M.D., M.R.C.S., England, St. John, New Brunswick, was born on the 19th of February, 1835, at St. John, New Brunswick. He is a son of James Inches, of Dunkeld, and Janet Small, of Dirnanean, Perthshire, Scotland, who emigrated to America in 1832, and settled in St. John. Dr. Inches received his early education in the Grammar School of his native city, and studied medicine in New York city, at the University College, and from this institution he graduated in 1866. He then went to Great Britain and further prosecuted his studies at the University of Edinburgh, and at King’s College, London. In 1868 he was elected a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and then returned to St. John, New Brunswick, and commenced the practice of his profession, and here he has ever since resided. Dr. Inches was brought up in the faith as taught by the Presbyterian church, and has continued his connection with that body of Christians. In 1876 he was married to Mary Dorothea, daughter of Dr. C. K. Fiske, from Massachusetts, who for many years practised his profession in St. John. The doctor has had five children born to him, four of whom survive.

Leach, The Ven. Archdeacon.—The late William Turnbull Leach, D.C.L., LL.D., Archdeacon of Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal, was born in Berwick-on-Tweed, Scotland, on the 1st of March, 1805, and died at Montreal, on the 13th of October, 1886. He was of English descent, his grandfather having removed to Berwick from the previous home of the family in Lincolnshire, England. Archdeacon Leach was educated in Edinburgh, and took the degree of M.A. in the university of that city in 1827. In 1831, he was ordained a minister of the Presbyterian church, but shortly afterwards came to Canada, and was appointed to the charge of St. Andrew’s Church, Toronto, and was also chaplain to the 93rd Highlanders, stationed in that city, about the time of the rebellion in 1837-8. He subsequently entered the Church of England, to which he was ordained by Bishop Mountain in 1841, and was appointed to the incumbency of St. George’s Church, Montreal, which position he retained for nearly twenty years. He took the warmest interest in educational matters, was one of the founders of Queen’s College, Kingston, and was for many years an honoured member of the Council of Public Institution for Lower Canada, afterwards the province of Quebec. He was one of the little band who brought McGill University to its present position. His connection with McGill dates from 1845, and he may be said to have been the last survivor of the original staff. From the earliest years of the college, he was one of the professors of the Faculty of Arts, and as the work of the university extended, he relinquished his ministerial duties to devote himself exclusively to college work. During his active connection with the college, he held the Molson chair of English language and literature, was professor of logic and of mental and moral philosophy, dean of the Faculty of Arts, and vice-principal of the University. He was created D.C.L. of McGill in 1849, and LL.D. of McGill in 1857, and in 1867, the University of Lennoxville conferred upon him the degree of D.C.L. The Venerable Archdeacon Leach married three times. Shortly after his arrival in Canada, he returned for a short visit to Scotland, where he married Miss Skirving, daughter of Mr. Skirving, of Haddington, and granddaughter of Adam Skirving, author of “Johnnie Cope,” and other songs very popular at the time in Scotland. Of this marriage there were four children, two of whom are living, viz.: David S. Leach, of Montreal, and Mrs. Howell, of London, England. He afterwards married Miss Easton, daughter of the Rev. Robert Easton, a lady well known and much beloved, who previous to her marriage had conducted one of the principal establishments in Canada for the education of young ladies. His widow (daughter of the late Francis Gwilt), with her young unmarried daughter, reside in Montreal.

St. George, Percival Walter, Civil Engineer, Montreal, was born at Forres, Morayshire, Scotland, on the 22nd October, 1849. He is a son of Lieutenant-Colonel James D. N. St. George, who was a lieutenant-colonel in her Majesty’s Ordnance Staff Corps, and had charge for many years of the clothing establishment of the British army in London, England. Walter was sent to France by his parents to be educated, and spent seven years of his boyhood days in that country, and then finished his educational course in Edinburgh University, where he took honours in mathematics. He came to Canada in 1866, and began the practice of his profession. From 1866 to 1868, two years, he was the pupil of Alexander McNab, chief engineer for the province of Nova Scotia; from 1868 to 1872, four years, he acted as assistant engineer on construction and survey of the Intercolonial Railway of Canada; in 1872-73 he was engineer on survey of the North Shore Railway of Canada; in 1873-74, engineer maintenance of way on the Intercolonial Railway, in charge of one hundred and eight miles; in 1874-75 engineer on survey of the Northern Colonization Railway, from Ottawa to the Mattawan; in 1875-76 he was assistant engineer of Montreal; and from 1876 to 1883, eight years, deputy city surveyor of the same city; from July to December, in 1883, he was engineer in charge of three hundred miles of line on the Norfolk and Western Railway in Virginia; and in December of 1883 he was appointed city surveyor of Montreal, and this position he has occupied ever since. He was also one of the members of the Royal Flood Commission of Montreal, appointed in 1886. Mr. St. George has been an associate member of the Institute of Civil Engineers of England since 1877; and is now a member of the Council of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. He is a master Mason, and a member of the Royal Arch Chapter. He has travelled a good deal, and his profession has made him familiar with the greater part of Canada. He is a member of the Church of England. On the 11th July, 1872, he was married to Flora Stewart, daughter of the Rev. Canon Geo. Townshend, rector of Amherst, Nova Scotia, and Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of the Hon. Alexander Stewart, C.B., master of the Rolls, and judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court, and has issue five children.

Palmer, Caleb Read, Justice of the Peace, Moncton, was born at Dorchester, Westmoreland county, New Brunswick, on the 13th February, 1834. His father, John Palmer, grandson of Gideon Palmer, a U. E. loyalist, who came to New Brunswick from Staten Island, New York, is a veteran of 1812, and is now (1887) in his ninety-ninth year, and regularly draws his pension for services during the war. His mother, Elizabeth Cole, was a daughter of Ebenezer Cole. Caleb received his education at the Wesleyan Academy, in Sackville, N.B., taking a course in the higher mathematics and languages, and then for some time adopted teaching as his profession. From 1859 to 1870 he taught the Superior School in Sussex, Kings county, and from January, 1870, to September, 1882, he acted in the capacity of station master at Dorchester for the Intercolonial Railway Company. In July, 1883, he became manager of the Moncton Publishing Company, and this position he occupied until February, 1885, since which time he has confined himself to the duties of justice of the peace, and secretary to the Board of School Trustees of the town of Moncton. Mr. Palmer is interested in shipping, and is also a stockholder in the Moncton Cotton Factory. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, and in politics is a Liberal. Although brought up in the Episcopal church, he found it more congenial to his taste to attend the Methodist church, and is now a member of that denomination. He was married on the 21st of December, 1865, to Agnes Murray, daughter of John Murray, of Studholm, Kings county, N.B.

Ferguson, Hon. Donald, M.P.P., Provincial Secretary and Commissioner of Crown Lands of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, was born at East River, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, on the 7th of March, 1839. His father, John Ferguson, and mother, Isabella Stewart, were descendants of thrifty Scotch farmers, who emigrated from Blair Athol, in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1807, and settled near Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Donald was reared on the farm and received the rudiments of education in the Public school of his native parish, and subsequently pursued his studies in English and mathematics by private tuition. He became interested in politics when quite a young man, and was a strong advocate of the confederation of the provinces. He was a contributor to the press, and in 1867, wrote a series of letters over the signature of “A Farmer,” which attracted considerable attention, and was replied to by the Hon. David Laird, one of the leading politicians of the island, and subsequently lieutenant-governor of the North-West Territories. At a later date, he engaged, over his own signature, in a discussion with the Hon. George Beer, on the union question, and became at once known as one of the champions on the island for a Canadian nationality. He was also a strong supporter of the interests of the tenantry, an advocate of railway construction, and was the mover of the resolutions in favour of the railway which were adopted at the mass meeting of the electors of Queens county, held at Charlottetown, in the winter of 1871. In 1872, Mr. Ferguson was appointed a justice of the peace, and he held the position of collector of inland revenue for Charlottetown for a short time in 1873. In 1873, the great question of confederation, for which Mr. Ferguson had for years contended, having been settled, he offered himself as a candidate for the Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island, for the second district of Queens county, where the Hon. Edward Palmer had been returned in 1872, to the Council, as an anti-railway and an anti-confederate, by a majority of nearly eight hundred votes—and he succeeded, after a spirited canvass and good fight against great odds in reducing the anti-railway majority to two hundred and fifty votes. A vacancy occurring next year in the same constituency, Mr. Ferguson was again brought out by his friends, and this time succeeded in reducing the anti-railway majority to seventy. In 1876, the question of denominational education came prominently before the electors, and Mr. Ferguson and other leading politicians pronounced in favour of a system of payment by results, by which the state would recognize and pay for secular education in schools in towns, in which religious education might also be imparted at the expense of parents. Religious bitterness was introduced, the Protestants became alarmed, the people decided largely according to their creeds, and the “payment by results” candidates were defeated in all except Roman Catholic constituencies. Believing that almost any settlement of this vexed question was better than a prolonged political-religious agitation, he accepted the situation. In 1874, Mr. Ferguson was appointed secretary of the Board of Railway Appraisers, which office he held until 1876. In 1878, he was invited by the leading electors of the Cardigan district, in Kings county, to offer himself for parliamentary honours; he consented and was returned by acclamation. In March, 1879, on the meeting of the legislature, the government, under the leadership of the Hon. L. H. Davis, was defeated, and the Hon. W. W. Sullivan, who had been entrusted with the formation of a new administration, offered Mr. Ferguson a seat in his cabinet, with the portfolio of public works, which office he accepted. A dissolution of the house having immediately followed, Mr. Ferguson was returned by acclamation. In 1880, he resigned his position as head of the Public Works department, and became provincial secretary and commissioner of Crown Lands, and this position he occupies to-day. In 1882, Mr. Ferguson was elected to represent Fort Augustus, and again in 1886, he had the same honour conferred upon him. Hon. Mr. Ferguson is a member of the Board of Commissioners for the management of the Government Poor-House; a commissioner for the management of the Government Stock Farm, and a trustee for the Hospital for the Insane, at Falconwood. He was a delegate to Ottawa, on the Wharf and Pier question in 1883, in conjunction with the Hon. Messrs. Sullivan and Prowse, and also a delegate to England, with Hon. Mr. Sullivan, on the question of the communication between the island and the mainland. Mr. Ferguson is an enthusiastic agriculturist, and has a farm in a high state of cultivation, four miles from Charlottetown. Besides having published several useful official reports, Mr. Ferguson gave to his fellow-citizens in 1884, an excellent paper on “Agricultural Education,” and another in 1885, on “Love of Country.” He has been a lifelong total abstainer, and became connected with the Good Templars in 1863, and held the office of grand secretary for two years, 1863-5, and that of grand worthy chief templar the following two years, 1865-7. He is a Conservative in politics, and in religion a member of the Baptist denomination. In 1873, he was married to Elizabeth Jane, daughter of John Scott, Charlottetown, and has a family consisting of three sons and two daughters.

Ross, James Duncan, M.D., Moncton, New Brunswick, was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, in October, 1839, and is a son of the Rev. James Ross, D.D., principal of Dalhousie College, and grandson of the late Rev. Duncan Ross, one of the first Presbyterian ministers who came to Nova Scotia from Scotland. His mother was Isabella Matheson, a daughter of William Matheson, who through industry and perseverance accumulated a fortune at farming, lumbering, and trading, sufficient to enable him to leave the handsome sum of $35,000 to the institutions of the church in the province, and $35,000 to the British and Foreign Bible Society. James Duncan Ross received his elementary training in the public schools in his native town, and then took the arts course in the West River Seminary. He then spent three years in the office of the late Dr. Muir, of Truro, N.S., and afterwards studied medicine and surgery in Philadelphia and Harvard, graduating from Harvard University in 1861, when he moved to Londonderry, in Nova Scotia, and began the practice of his profession, and continued here until 1865; then he went over to Britain and took a course of medicine and surgery in the University and in the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Edinburgh, and while in that city he was for a time a student in the office of Sir J. Y. Simpson. He then went to London, and became for a time a dresser in St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; and afterwards, returning to Nova Scotia, he resumed his practice. Dr. Ross occupied the position for some time of assistant surgeon to the 2nd battalion of the Colchester Militia, and also surgeon of the Caledonian (Highland) Society of Nova Scotia. He has been since 1863 a coroner for the county of Westmoreland. He took a deep interest in the establishment of the Medical School in Halifax, and was demonstrator of anatomy in it for the first two years of its existence. The doctor has now practised medicine and surgery continuously for twenty-five years, the first eleven years of his medical career having been spent in Nova Scotia, and the remaining fourteen in Moncton, N.B. His work has been continuous and laborious, and very varied, and he stands high in the profession, especially for surgery. In him the poor always find a kind and sympathizing friend, who dispenses medicine to them gratuitously as well as his best skill. In religion the doctor holds all the doctrines of the second reformation, and believes the Presbyterian form of church government scriptural. He has experienced no change in his views since his youth, except a deeper conviction of the duty which nations owe to Christ, and a more scriptural constitution for nations. He married, in 1870, Ruth, daughter of the late R. N. B. McLellan, merchant, of Londonderry, N.S. The McLellan family are north of Ireland Scotch, and have been closely connected with the political and mercantile interests of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick for many years. Issue, one son, who died in infancy.

McLeod, Rev. Joseph, D.D., Fredericton, was born in St. John, New Brunswick, June 27, 1844. His father, the Rev. Ezekiel McLeod,—born in Sussex, New Brunswick, Sept. 17, 1815, died in Fredericton, New Brunswick, March 17th, 1867,—was the leading minister in the Free Baptist denomination of Canada, and the founder and, till his death, the editor of The Religious Intelligencer. He was an earnest and influential advocate of the confederation of the British American provinces; a strong advocate of prohibition; and widely known and highly regarded both for intellectual qualities and godly character. His mother was Amelia Emery, born in Boston, Massachusetts, and survived her husband till June, 1887. Joseph McLeod was educated in the public schools, and in the Baptist Institution in Fredericton, New Brunswick, and in July, 1868, was ordained to the ministry. In the same month he was called to the pastorate of the Free Baptist Church in Fredericton, which he has held ever since. In 1875 the Rev. Mr. McLeod was chosen chaplain to the New Brunswick legislature, and still holds the office. He is a very active worker in the temperance army, and has held the office of grand worthy chief of the British Templars; president of the National lodge of the United Temperance Association of Canada, and is now, and has for several years been president of the New Brunswick Prohibitory Alliance. He is an ardent advocate of the prohibition of the liquor traffic, and has for years been a leader in this cause in New Brunswick, and has had much to do with introducing the Canada Temperance Act into New Brunswick. In addition to his strong advocacy of temperance measures, he has been an earnest advocate of the establishment of the free, unsectarian school system in his native province. In the Free Baptist denomination he also stands high as a leader in all progressive movements. He is an advocate of the union of the Baptist denominations in Canada, and by voice and pen has done much to promote the union feeling. He is a member and vice-chairman of the joint committee of the Baptist and Free Baptist bodies which now (1887) have the question of union under consideration, and are authorized to arrange a basis of union. He was secretary and a director of the Free Baptist Education Society for many years, till, in 1883, the Baptist and Free Baptist Education Societies were united by act of the legislature; since then he has been a director of the united Education Society. He has also been corresponding secretary of the Free Baptist Foreign Mission Society of New Brunswick for fifteen years; was for three years president of the American Foreign Mission Society, which includes representatives of all the free communion Baptist bodies in the United States and Canada, and is now a member of the managing board of the society. Has been moderator of the New Brunswick Free Baptist Conference twice within ten years. Since 1867 Dr. McLeod has owned and edited the Religious Intelligencer. In May, 1886, Acadia College conferred the well-earned degree of D.D. on Mr. McLeod. He is active in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the public, and is frequently called upon to do pulpit and platform service outside his own charge. He has not found time for a European tour, but has made two trips to the western states; spent the winter of 1882-3 in Florida for the benefit of his health; and in the summer of 1886 made the trip across the continent via the Canada Pacific Railway, spending several weeks in British Columbia, the North-West, and in Manitoba. Dr. McLeod’s parents were Free Baptists, and in this faith he was brought up. He at a very early age became a communicant in that church, and is now one of the most respected of its clergy. In December, 1868, he was married to Jane Fulton Squires, and is blessed with a family of five children.

Chesley, John Alexander, Manufacturer, Portland, New Brunswick, was born in Portland, N.B., in May, 1839. He is the eldest son of William Ambrose and Mary Ann Chesley, of U. E. loyalist descent. He received his educational training in the Public school in Portland, and at the Grammar School in Albert county, N.B. Mr. Chesley began his business career in Portland, N.B., in 1862, as a manufacturer of ships’ iron knees, and conducted the business on his own account until 1869, when he took his brother, W. A. Chesley, into partnership, and thus formed the firm of “J. A. & W. A. Chesley,” of which he is the head and senior partner. Since then the firm has had a very successful career, and is very well and favourably known throughout the Maritime provinces for its locomotive frames, piston and connecting rods, truck, engine and car axles, shafting, ships’ iron knees, etc., and all kinds of heavy forgings. The firm has also a large interest in shipping. In 1876 Mr. Chesley was elected alderman for No. 1 Ward in Portland city, and occupied a seat in the city council continuously until April, 1885,—a period of nine years,—when he was elected mayor of the city. He also sat as one of the representatives of the city of Portland in the municipal council of the city and county of St. John from 1880 to 1886, a period of five years. In 1881 he was appointed a commissioner for taking the census in the county of St. John; and was a liquor license commissioner for St. John county in 1883 under the Dominion Liquor License Act. At the general elections of 1882 and 1886 Mr. Chesley was an unsuccessful candidate for the representation of the city and county of St. John in the legislature of New Brunswick, but received such support that we think he will be justified in running again for parliamentary honours when the occasion offers. In 1872 he was made a Mason, and now holds the rank of past master in the Blue lodge, and also that of past principal in the Royal Arch chapter. He is a member of the Encampment of St. John Knights Templars, and a member of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish rite of Masonry; also a member of the Royal Order of Scotland. He is an active politician, and is a member of the Young Men’s Liberal Conservative Club of the city and county of St. John, and at the present time is the vice-president of the Club for the city of Portland. Mr. Chesley was a supporter of confederation, and worked hard to carry the measure, and has ever since taken an interest in all public questions—Dominion, provincial, and municipal—brought before the people of the city and county of St. John. He also took an active interest in, and laboured very hard in the election held to decide the free school system in New Brunswick, and had the satisfaction of seeing his party win in the contest, and secure for his province a school law that every lover of his country should be proud of. He is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and a strong supporter of the national policy. He was married, first in December, 1860, to Mary Frances, eldest daughter of Albert Small, of Portland, Maine; and some time after her death he was again married in September, 1872, to Annie, eldest daughter of James S. May, of St. John, N.B.

MacCallum, Duncan Campbell, M.D., M.R.C.S., Eng., Fellow of the Obstetrical Society, London, Foundation Fellow of the British Gynecological Society, and Professor Emeritus, McGill University, Montreal, was born in the province of Quebec, on the 12th November, 1825. By descent Dr. MacCallum is a pure Celt, being the son of John MacCallum and Mary Campbell. His maternal grandfather, Malcolm Campbell, of Killin, during his lifetime widely known and highly esteemed through the Perthshire Highlands, was a near kinsman and relative, through the Lochiel Camerons, of the Earl of Breadalbane. Dr. MacCallum received his medical education at McGill University, at which institution he graduated as M.D. in the year 1850. Immediately on receiving his degree, he proceeded to Great Britain, and continued his studies in London, Edinburgh and Dublin. After examination he was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, February, 1851. Returning to Canada, he entered on the practice of his profession in the city of Montreal, and was appointed demonstrator of anatomy in the medical faculty of McGill University, September, 1854. From that time to the present he has been connected with the university, occupying various positions in the faculty of medicine. In August, 1856, he was preferred to the chair of clinical surgery. In November, 1860, he was transferred to the chair of clinical medicine and medical jurisprudence, and in April, 1868, received the appointment of professor of midwifery and the diseases of women and children, which position he held until his resignation in 1883, on which occasion the governors of the university appointed him professor emeritus, retaining his precedence in the university. For a period of twenty-nine years he has been actively engaged in the teaching of his profession. Elected visiting physician to the Montreal General Hospital in February, 1856, he discharged the duties of that position until the year 1877, when he resigned, and was placed by the vote of the governors of that institution on the consulting staff. From 1868 till 1883 he had charge of the university lying-in hospital, to which he is now attached as consulting physician, and for a period of fourteen years he was physician to the Hervey Institute for children, to which charity also he is now consulting physician. He has always taken a warm interest in the literature of his profession, and articles from his pen have appeared in the British American Medical and Surgical Journal, the Canada Medical Journal, and the “Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London, Eng.” In the year 1854 he, in conjunction with Dr. Wm. Wright, established and edited the Medical Chronicle which had an existence of six years. He was vice-president for Canada of the section of Obstetrics in the ninth International Medical Congress, which was held at Washington during the week commencing September 5th, 1887. Dr. MacCallum married in October, 1867, Mary Josephine Guy, second daughter of the late Hon. Hippolyte Guy, judge of the Superior Court of Lower Canada. The Guy family, of ancient and noble origin, supposed to be a branch of the Guy de Montfort family, has been distinguished for the valuable services, military and civil, which its members have rendered to the province of Quebec, both under the old and new régimes. Pierre Guy, the first of the name to settle in Canada, joined the French army under M. de Vaudreuil, in which he rose rapidly to the rank of captain. He took an active part in the engagements which were then so frequent between the French in Quebec and the English in Massachusetts and New York. He died at the early age of forty-eight. His son Pierre, who was sent to France and received a thorough and careful education, also joined the French army and distinguished himself under General Montcalm at the battle of Carillon, and in the following year at Montmorency. The battle of the Plains of Abraham having annihilated the power of France in Canada, young Guy with others left for France after the capitulation of the country, where he remained till 1764. Returning to Canada, he accepted the situation, entered into business at Montreal, and became a loyal subject of Great Britain. Shortly after, when General Montgomery invaded Canada, he took up arms for the defence of the country, and this so exasperated the Americans that they sacked his stores after the capitulation of Montreal. In 1776 he received from the Crown the appointment of judge, which at that time was considered a signal mark of favour; and in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of colonel of militia. A man of great attainments and scholarly parts, he was an ardent promoter of all educational projects. He was one of the most active in the foundation of the College St. Raphae, under the control of the gentlemen of the Seminary of the Sulpician order, and which still exists and flourishes under the name of the “College of Montreal.” He died in 1812 and left several sons and daughters. Louis, who by the death of his brother became the eldest of the family, was an intimate friend and adviser of Sir James Kempt, and subsequently of Lord Aylmer. He was made a councillor by King William in February, 1831. He died in 1840. Of his family, Judge Hippolyte Guy was the second son. The eldest son, named Louis, received a commission as lieutenant in the British army through the influence of the Duke of Wellington, in consideration of the bravery he had displayed at the battle of Chateauguay, where he gallantly led the advanced guard of the Voltigeurs. Several years before entering the British army he served as a member of the body guard of Charles X. of France, into which no one was admitted who was not of proved noble origin. Judge Guy married the adopted daughter of Chief Justice Vallières, and had four children, a son who died in youth, and three daughters. The eldest of the latter is married to Chief Justice Austin, of Nassau, Bahamas, and the youngest to Gustave Fabre, brother to Archbishop Fabre, Montreal. Dr. MacCallum’s family consists of five children,—four daughters and one son.

Williams, Thomas, Accountant and Treasurer of the Intercolonial Railway, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born at Handsworth, near Birmingham, England, on the 3rd of June, 1846. He is the youngest son of Joseph and Hannah Williams. His father’s ancestors can be traced back several centuries as farmers and occupiers of land in the adjoining parish of Perry Barr. His mother’s ancestors, the Coulburns of Tipton, in South Staffordshire, have been connected with the development of the iron industries there for several generations past. Thomas Williams was educated at the parish schools, and subsequently at the Bridge Trust School—a grammar school founded from the proceeds of a legacy for repairs of bridges in the parish, for which after the organisation of the Highway Board, its existence for its original purposes was not necessary, and the accumulated funds were devoted to the erection and endowment of a superior school. In 1868, he entered the service of the London and North-Western Railway of England as freight clerk, and was subsequently appointed freight agent at Sutton Coldfield, near Birmingham, and station master at Marton, near Rugby. He resigned in June, 1870, to come to Canada, and in December, 1870, entered the service of the New Brunswick and Canada Railway, at St. Andrews, New Brunswick, as clerk to the general manager. Mr. Williams left the service of that railway in August, 1873, to enter upon duties of clerk in accountant’s office of the Intercolonial (Government) Railway, at Moncton, New Brunswick, and was subsequently appointed chief clerk in mechanical department of the same railway. In November, 1875, he was sent to Charlottetown, to organise the system of accounts of the Prince Edward Island Railway, and was appointed accountant and auditor of that railway. And on the 1st of July, 1882, he was appointed chief accountant and treasurer of the Intercolonial Railway at Moncton, which position he at present holds. Mr. Williams was a member of the Church of England until December, 1873, but in consequence of Ritualistic practices having been introduced into the church he was in the habit of attending, he left it, and was among the first to join the then newly organized Reformed Episcopal Church, St. Paul’s, in Moncton. He has held the office of vestryman and warden in this church, almost continuously since. On the 12th of January, 1875, he married Analena, daughter of the late John Rourke, merchant, St. John, New Brunswick, and has a family of seven children.

Pickard, Rev. Humphrey, D.D., Methodist Minister, Sackville, New Brunswick, was born at Fredericton, New Brunswick, June 10th, 1813. His parents, Thomas Pickard, was the son of Deacon Humphrey Pickard, and was born at Sheffield in 1783, and Mary Pickard, daughter of David Burpee. Mrs. Pickard was also born at Sheffield in 1783. Both Deacon Pickard and Squire Burpee, came, while yet mere youths, from Massachusetts, New England, with a party of the earliest English settlers on the Saint John river, about the year 1762. The subject of this sketch, after receiving a fair English education in Fredericton, was sent to the Wesleyan Academy, North Wilbenham, Massachusetts, United States, in 1829, where he commenced a classical course of study, and having prepared for matriculation, he entered the Freshman class in the University at Middletown, Conn., in 1831. He, having completed the Freshman course of study, retired from the university in 1832, and spent the following three years in mercantile pursuits. In 1835, he entered the Methodist ministry, as an assistant to the Rev. A. Des Brisay, in the Sheffield circuit. In 1836, he was received on trial as a Wesleyan missionary, by the British Methodist Conference, and laboured for a year as such on the Miramichi mission and Fredericton circuit. In 1837, he resumed his course of university study at Middletown; in 1839, he graduated, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and re-entered the work of the Methodist ministry, being stationed at Richibucto, until 1841, when he was appointed to St. John. In 1842, he was ordained and received into full connection with the English Conference as a Methodist minister, and appointed editor of the British North American Methodist Magazine, which was published at St. John. In November of the same year, he was elected principal of the Mount Allison Academy, and removed with his family to Sackville at the close of the year. The academy was opened on the 19th of January, 1843, with a very few students, but under his skilful management, it rapidly rose into importance in public estimation, and attracting students from all parts of the Maritime provinces, soon took position in the very front rank of the educational institutions of Eastern British America. The catalogue for the term from January to June, 1855, contains 250 names of students in actual attendance, viz.: of 134 in the male branch, and 116 in the female. In 1862, the Mount Allison College was organized at Sackville, by the authority of an Act of the Legislature of New Brunswick, and Mr. Pickard was appointed its president, and he continued to act as president of the college and principal of the academy until 1869. At the annual meeting of the Board of Governors of the united institutions, held May 26, 1869, the following resolution was unanimously adopted: “That the board, having received intimation from Rev. Dr. Pickard, that in consequence of the action of the conference in assigning to him another portion of connexional service, his resignation of the office of president of the institution is deemed necessary, though reluctantly accepting that resignation, would express in strongest terms its regret at the removal of Dr. Pickard from the field of usefulness for which he has special qualifications, and at which for upwards of a quarter of a century, he has with fidelity and honour served the church and his generation. The board is also assured that the great work of education in connection with the Wesleyan Conference of Eastern British America is greatly indebted to the retiring president of the institution, and that its success is largely to be attributed to the indomitable application and perseverance—the high business ability, and the earnest Christian aim by which Dr. Pickard has been animated during the whole period of his service in the government of the institution.” The Provincial Wesleyan, in a notice of the Mount Allison Academy, June 15, 1870, says: “The college established in 1862, under a charter from the Legislature of New Brunswick, mainly through the exertions of the Rev. Dr. Pickard, is the latest of the foundations at Sackville. * * * The first president of the college was the Rev. H. Pickard, D.D., president also of the Wesleyan Conference. Dr. Pickard’s name is so intimately associated with the Sackville institutions as almost to rival that of its benevolent founder. To them he gave the flower of his life. And although retired from the responsible office of president, and engaged in another sphere of usefulness, the doctor is still one of its ablest friends and supporters. His address at the recent celebration was received with the warmest demonstrations.” Dr. Pickard, having been elected to the office of editor of The Wesleyan and book steward, became resident in Halifax, from 1869 to 1873, but in this latter year he returned with his family to Sackville. From 1873 to 1875, he acted as agent for the college, and was largely instrumental in securing the first endowment fund; and in 1876 he was superintendent of the Sackville district. In 1877, he became a supernumerary, and has since so remained resident at Sackville, except during the years 1879-80, when, at the call of the General Conference of the Methodist Church of Canada, he acted as book steward at Halifax. He was elected secretary of the Wesleyan Methodist Conference of Eastern British America in 1857, 1858, 1859 and 1860, and co-delegate of the same conference in 1861, and president in 1862 and 1870. He was appointed representative of the conference of Eastern British America to the Canada Conference, which met in the city of Kingston, June, 1860; and again to the conference which met in the city of Hamilton, June, 1867. He was appointed representative of his conference to the British Conference, first, in 1857, secondly in 1862, and thirdly in 1873. He was a member of the joint committee on the Federal union of the Wesleyan Methodist church in British America, which met in Montreal, October, 1872; and of the joint committee which met in Toronto in 1882, and formulated the basis of union by which the four separate Methodist bodies in Canada united to form the one Methodist church. Rev. Mr. Pickard was a member of the first and second general conferences of the Methodist Church of Canada, and served in both as chairman of the committee on discipline. He was also a member of the second general conference of the Methodist church, which met in Toronto, in September, 1886, and was appointed a member of the court of appeal and of the book committee for the quadrennium, 1886-1890. Mr. Pickard received the degree of Master of Arts in 1842, from the University at Middletown, and had the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity conferred on him by his alma mater in 1857. At the late session of the annual conference of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island of the Methodist church, the following address, beautifully engrossed and elegantly framed, was presented to Dr. Pickard: —

Mr. Pickard was twice married, first at Boston, on October 2nd, 1841, to the daughter of Ebenezer and Hannah M. Thompson, by whom he had two children—Edward Dwight and Charles F. Allison, who died in early childhood and infancy. Mrs. Pickard died at Sackville, the 11th of March, 1844. She was a lady of superior ability, and much literary talent, her memoirs and selections from her writings were published at Boston, by the Rev. Edward Otheman, A.M., in a duodecimo volume of upwards of 300 pages, in 1845, which is now out of print. He was married again on the 5th of September, 1846, to Mary Rowe Carr, who was born at Portland, Maine, United States, the daughter of John and Avis Preble Carr. This second wife bore him two daughters, the first, Mary Emarancy, is the wife of Andrew M. Bell, hardware merchant in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the mother of two boys, Winthrop P. and Ralph P. The second, Amelia Elizabeth, is the wife of A. A. Stockton, D.C.L., M.P.P., of St. John, New Brunswick, and mother of six living children, three daughters and three sons. The second Mrs. Pickard died on the 24th of January, 1887, in the 77th year of her age.

Kennedy, George, M.A., LL.D., Barrister, Toronto, was born on 1st March, 1838, at Bytown, now the city of Ottawa, Ontario. His father, Donald Kennedy, was born near Blairathol, in Scotland, and came with his father to Canada in 1818, the family settling in the township of Beckwith. About the time of the building of the Rideau canal the father of the subject of this sketch removed to Bytown, engaged in business as a contractor and builder, was employed for some time as surveyor for the district of Dalhousie, now the county of Carleton, and for many years carried on, in partnership with John Blyth, an extensive cabinet-making business. An ancestor of his took part in the battle of Culloden, on the side of Bonny Prince Charlie, by some called the “Pretender,” and the dirk he used on the occasion is still in the possession of the family. Dr. Kennedy’s mother, Janet Buckham, was born in 1807, in Dunblane, Scotland, and came, with her father, to this country in 1828. This family settled in the township of Torbolton, and Mr. Buckham went into farming on a large scale at the head of Sand Bay, where he planted one of the finest orchards in that part of the country. The Buckhams were descended from an old Border family that have resided in Jedburgh from the time of Queen Mary, of Scotland. Mrs. Kennedy died in 1856; but Mr. Kennedy is still alive, and resides about three miles from Ottawa city, on a picturesque spot overlooking the Rideau river. George received his education at the Carleton county Grammar School (now the Ottawa Collegiate Institute), and at University College, Toronto, where he matriculated in 1853, taking the first-class scholarship in classics, and in his subsequent course held first-class honors also in mathematics, metaphysics and ethics, natural sciences, modern languages, logic, rhetoric and history. In 1857 he graduated B.A. with gold medal in metaphysics and ethics; took M.A. in 1860; LL.B. in 1864, and LL.D., in 1877. In 1859 Dr. Kennedy occupied the position of master of the Grammar School of Prescott; and during the years 1860-1 he was second master in the Ottawa Grammar School, and had charge of the branch Meteorological Observatory at Ottawa. In 1862 he began the study of the law in the offices of Crooks, Kingsmill and Cattanach, Toronto, and was admitted as an attorney and solicitor, and was called to the bar of Ontario in Hilary term, 1865. He then began the practice of his profession in Ottawa, and for six years carried on his business in his native place. In February, 1872, he received the appointment of law clerk to the Crown Lands Department of Ontario, and moved to Toronto, where he has ever since resided. During the years 1878-9-80 the doctor was examiner in law at the University of Toronto. He was one of the founders of the Ottawa Literary and Scientific Society, formed by the amalgamation of the Mechanics’ Institute and Natural History Society, and was secretary for some years, and as a recognition of his labours in connection therewith was made a life member. He was also one of the original members of the University College Literary and Scientific Society, and is a member of the Canadian Institute, of which he was for three years a vice-president, and is now editor of “The Proceedings.” For some time he has been secretary to the Toronto St. Andrew’s Society, and as such prepared a history of the Society as a memorial for its jubilee year, 1886. Dr. Kennedy is an omnivorous reader, and as a consequence has a large and well-selected library—indeed he considers a library the most important part of any home—and few men are better posted in book-lore than he. He, too, has seen a good deal of Canada and the United States, and is familiar with the principal places in North America, ranging from the Southern states, the Western states, the Maritime provinces, the Muskoka district, and the regions beyond Ottawa. As might be expected, Dr. Kennedy was brought up a Presbyterian, but when quite young he began to entertain doubts as to the correctness of the Calvinistic faith of his church. For several years he was greatly troubled about this matter, and finding he could no longer stifle his convictions, he broke away from the church, and became almost an Agnostic. After a while, however, he joined the Unitarian church, and no one has now a firmer faith than he in the Divine Fatherhood, and the infinite possibilities of human progress. On the 6th June, 1883, he married Sarah, daughter of the late Henry Jackson, a well-known jeweller, and once resident of Toronto.

Turnbull, William Wallace, Merchant, of the firm of Turnbull & Co., Flour Dealers, Commission Merchants, and Importers of West India Goods, St. John, New Brunswick, was born on the 23rd of May, 1828, at Bear River, Annapolis county, Nova Scotia. His father was William Baxter Turnbull, and his mother, Relief Ann Tucker. His father’s grandparents emigrated from Edinburgh, Scotland, in the last century, and settled at a small place now known as Bay View, about three miles distant from the town of Digby, N.S., and here the father of the subject of our sketch was born. His mother’s grandparents were U. E. loyalists, and came to Nova Scotia from the United States shortly after, or during, the revolutionary war between Great Britain and that country. Mr. Turnbull, sen., was characterized by his keen sense of humour, his cheerfulness, and his affectionate nature, his sympathy for the weak and suffering, his strong religious convictions, and by his fealty to whatever he believed to be just and right. He died at the comparatively early age of forty-five years, and was buried at Bear River, greatly respected and beloved by all who knew him. William’s education was confined to the English branches, and was obtained at the Grammar School at Bear River, and also by attendance, for a short time, at the Grammar School at Albion Vale, a place about one mile distant from Annapolis, N.S. The school at Albion Vale was taught by the late Andrew Henderson, and it was at the time a somewhat celebrated place of instruction. Mr. Turnbull, sen., died, in July, 1845, leaving a widow and nine children (two sons and seven daughters), William being the younger of the two brothers. On the winding up of his estate, and the payment of all just debts, what remained for the family did not much exceed $1,000. For some time previous to this event William’s health was in such a precarious condition that it created a good deal of anxiety to the family, and it may be readily supposed he could do little towards the support of his mother and sisters, and to add to their troubles one of the younger sisters, eight years old, died. In the following spring (1846) all of the family except the brother removed to St. John, and shortly after their arrival in that city William obtained a situation as clerk with W. D. W. Hubbard, auctioneer. In this office he remained for about eighteen months, when he became book-keeper for G. & J. Salter, a firm then largely engaged in the West India trade, and as shipbuilders and shipowners. On the 1st May, 1851, he left their employ and struck out for himself as a wholesale flour, provision, and grocery merchant, adding thereto a few years afterwards shipowning and sailing, and in this business he is engaged at this time. When he started business he had a capital of about $200.00, very small indeed, but he had himself earned this money, and therefore knew its value. Owing, perhaps, to his youth and inexperience, for many years his progress was very slow, he having made a good number of bad debts and unwise ventures, yet notwithstanding these drawbacks he managed to meet all his liabilities as they matured, and now the reflection that throughout his business career he has been able to meet every honourable obligation, affords him the greatest satisfaction. Since his removal from Bear River he has always lived in St. John. The changes or experiences that he has had are perhaps such as are common to men engaged in business for so long a period as thirty-six years, particularly during a time when railroads, steamships and telegraphs have wrought such great changes in the methods of business, and to which we may add the change resulting from the confederation of the provinces into the Dominion of Canada. When Mr. Turnbull was about twenty-four years of age he became a member of the order of Sons of Temperance, but after a few years he withdrew, not because he had ceased to believe in the soundness of total abstinence principles, but because he became so immersed in business that his mind seemed to be wholly absorbed by it, and he felt, owing perhaps to the limitation of his capacity, unable to keep up his interest in the organization. He has always been, and still is, a total abstainer, but is not at present associated with any society having for its object the dissemination of temperance principles. During his connection with the Sons of Temperance he held a number of offices in the division, and afterwards became its presiding officer; and still later a member of the Grand Division of the province of New Brunswick. In May, 1884, Mr. Turnbull was elected president of the St. John Protestant Orphan Asylum, and also a director of the Bank of New Brunswick, which positions he still holds. He, with about a dozen other persons, built a railway from Gibson (opposite Fredericton) to Edmundston, a distance of about one hundred and sixty miles, with branches in addition to Woodstock, N.B., and Fort Fairfield, Maine, and he continued to be connected with this enterprise until the road was sold in 1880 to a number of capitalists in Montreal. He is a member of the Board of Trade of the city of St. John. In 1883 he took a trip to the Old World, and spent some time abroad, visiting Britain, Germany, and Switzerland. Mr. Turnbull’s father was a Presbyterian of the old school, and of course the son was brought up in the same faith; but he now attends the Episcopal church with his family. He, however, is not a member of this or any other church, not that he objects to churches, but simply that his mind is unsettled as to what is really the orthodox doctrine of faith and practice. One thing is certain, however, Mr. Turnbull finds great pleasure in relieving the wants of the deserving poor, and in doing all the good he can to his fellow-men. He does not consider himself in any sense a politician, yet nevertheless he holds decided opinions on most of the political questions that now agitate the country. He is strongly opposed to what is known as the national policy, for he believes it wrings large sums in taxes from the pockets of the people, without its being able to give them in return any compensating advantages. He is also strongly opposed to the expenditure of large sums of money on public works of an unremunerative character, and on public works which exist, as he is satisfied many in Canada do, only by reason of sentiment or false pride. While he recognizes that free trade, in its entirety, owing to the enormous debt of the Dominion, is not now practicable, he holds that it is thoroughly sound in principle, and being so would work the greatest good to the greatest number of our people, he would therefore favour its adoption to as large an extent as might seem to be practicable. He believes in the fullest individual liberty and freedom, consistent with a just regard for the rights of others, and is in favour of all measures having for their object the elevation of the masses. He is, in its true sense, a Liberal, but with enough conservatism in his composition to cause him to oppose any change in the laws of our country that he did not feel firmly convinced would be for the better. Mr. Turnbull was married at Maugerville, Sunbury county, on June 6, 1854, to Julia Caroline, daughter of the late Calvin L. Hatheway, of that place. Mr. Hatheway was of loyalist stock, his father having taken a somewhat prominent part in the revolutionary war between Great Britain and the United States. Mr. Turnbull’s wife’s mother was a daughter of Lieutenant James Harrison, who was also a loyalist, and who came to this province from the United States. He has a family consisting of five children living, namely, three daughters and two sons.

Sprague, Thomas Farmer, M.D., Woodstock, New Brunswick, was born on the 30th of August, 1856, at Brigus, island of Newfoundland. He is a son of the Rev. S. W. Sprague and Jean Manson Sprague. Thomas was educated at Mount Allison Academy, Sackville, New Brunswick, and at the Provincial Normal School. After leaving school he adopted the profession of teaching, which he successfully followed for some years, and then, in 1877, moved to the city of New York, and began the study of medicine. He entered the medical department of New York University, and successfully graduated in the spring of 1880 from this institution. Dr. Sprague then removed to Welsford, in New Brunswick, in April of the same year, and began the practice of his profession. He remained in that place for two years, and in June, 1882, went to Hartland, New Brunswick, where he stayed until June, 1883, and then took up his abode in Woodstock, county of Carleton, New Brunswick, where he has been successfully practising ever since. The doctor was brought up in the faith as taught by the Wesleyan Methodists—his father being a clergyman of that church—and he has seen no reason to change his religious belief since growing up into manhood. He married on the 17th of June, 1884, Loella Nourse, of Boston, Mass.

Gaynor, John Joseph, M.D., St. John, New Brunswick, was born of Irish parents, at Chatham, New Brunswick, on the 19th of March, 1854. They were educated Irish Catholics, his father being a native of the county Meath, and his mother of the county Clare, Ireland. They might well be classed as Irish-Americans, as they were both brought by their respective parents to this country while yet infants. Dr. Gaynor’s father, Thomas Gaynor, was educated at the Grammar School, Chatham; and his mother, Catharine Buckley, at a seminary for young ladies, conducted by a Mrs. Merry at Newcastle, New Brunswick. This privilege, so exceptional for Irish Catholics in those early days, was doubtless the reason which determined the doctor’s parents to bestow in turn a liberal education on their own offspring. On his father’s side Dr. Gaynor comes of the best blood of historic Meath, being a descendant of the same family that in the last century produced General Hand, of revolutionary fame as adjutant-general to Washington during the war of American Independence, and that in the present century gave birth to such eminent churchmen as the late Father Hand, founder of All Hallows College, Dublin, and the present patriotic Bishop of Meath, the illustrious Dr. Nulty. According to family tradition also, one of Dr. Gaynor’s ancestors fought under King James at the ill-fated battle of the Boyne, and was killed while defending the “Bridge of Slane.” His name, the same tradition says, was Thomas Gaynor. While on his father’s side Dr. Gaynor is thus descended from a liberty-loving race, on his mother’s side he is connected with that aristocratic class known in Ireland as “Castle Catholics.” His mother, who was born at Ferhill Castle, Blackwater, county Clare, was also closely allied by ties of blood to the famous fighting “Goughs of Clare,” whose name is historical through General Gough, of India fame. Dr. Gaynor is the eldest member of a family of twelve, eight of whom are still living. One of his brothers, the Rev. William C. Gaynor, is Roman Catholic pastor of Richmond, in Carleton county, New Brunswick. Father Gaynor is a writer of great power on theological questions, and is the author of “Papal Infallibility,” published in 1885, and of a Commentary in Latin on the Summa Theologica, of Thomas Aquinas, now in press in Paris. Another brother, P. A. Gaynor, is a member of a large lumbering house in Pennsylvania, and is now in the Redwood district of California, where he has established a branch firm. Dr. Gaynor was educated partly at St. Michael’s College, Chatham, and partly at St. Joseph’s College, Memramcook. In the former institution he studied mathematics and the exact sciences under the most distinguished teacher of his day in New Brunswick, Thomas Caulfield, M.A., of Trinity College, Dublin. His subsequent studies in logic and metaphysics were pursued at St. Joseph’s College, Memramcook. In this institution he taught the higher mathematics. It was here also that in 1877 he began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. H. E. Boissy, resident physician to St. Joseph’s, and leading medical practitioner among the Acadians of New Brunswick. From St. Joseph’s Dr. Gaynor went in 1878 to Buffalo, New York. There he attended the lectures in the medical department of Buffalo University. He followed also the different courses of the newly established College of Physicians and Surgeons in the same city. Graduating in 1881, after a four years’ course, he carried off the honours of his class, and was immediately offered the chair of chemistry and toxicology in his alma mater. This honourable position he declined at the insistance of his friends in New Brunswick, and immediately returned to his native province. Shortly after his return he read by invitation a paper on “Chloroform as an Anæsthetic,” before the Medical Society of New Brunswick. Establishing himself at DeBec, Carleton county, he soon acquired a lucrative practice. It was here that for the first time in the history of medicine in New Brunswick nitro-glycerine was employed, by Dr. Gaynor, for remedial purposes. Finding that his sphere of labour was too circumscribed, and desirous of entering into a larger field, Dr. Gaynor removed, in 1884, to St. John city, where he has since resided. On February 20, 1884, he was united in the bonds of holy wedlock to Nora Costigan, of St. John, a relative of the Hon. John Costigan, Minister of Inland Revenue. By her he has three children—Walter and Frederick, born February 16, 1885, and James, born August 28, 1886. During his vacations, while yet a medical student, Dr. Gaynor travelled extensively through the Northern, Western, and Middle states, spending some time in the Oil regions of Pennsylvania, and at the watering places on the Atlantic coast. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, with no love, however, for toryism as it exists in the mother country. The descendant of a family that fought and bled for human liberty, he is naturally a liberal in sentiment and aspiration. It is his belief, however, that so far as principles are concerned, there is no essential difference between the Conservative party led by Sir John Macdonald and the Liberal party led by Edward Blake. It is tweedle-dum and tweedle-dee; and in the end the people always rule. Such being his opinion of the two great political parties into which the Canadian people are divided, Dr. Gaynor has pronounced views as to the position which his Irish Catholic co-religionists should take in dominion politics. They should, he believes, adopt Parnell’s famous motto, Support the party which does the most for you. They would thus as a body be bound to neither political party, and would gravitate from one to the other consistently with the fair or unfair, just or unjust, treatment they might receive from either party. Outside his native province Dr. Gaynor is best known as a writer on materia medica. He has made a specialty of the study of new drugs; and his articles in the “Investigator”—a medical monthly of Buffalo—on this and kindred subjects, have attracted unusual attention from the medical profession in America. He also wrote and published in the same journal a series of articles in explanation and defence of the Catholic doctrine on craniotomy. In those articles he triumphantly refuted all the objections brought forward by his adversaries, and abundantly proved, in defence of the Catholic position, that the rational soul animates the human fœtus from the very first moment of conception, and that consequently it is as great a violation of divine law to destroy the living embryo as it would be to murder the new-born child. Dr. Gaynor’s views of medical practice are wide and comprehensive. His motto as regards remedial agents is:

Yet he is not an eclectic in the narrow sense of the word, which is now practically synonymous with homœopath. A thorough knowledge of anatomy, a complete acquaintance with the physiological effect of every drug or remedy, a no less complete acquaintance with pathology, and a virility of character sufficient to elevate the mind above the crude ideas of past generations, whether sanctioned by usage or made sacred by great names, must in future, he contends, be characteristics of the successful medical practitioner. A determined opponent of everything irrational or unintelligent in medicine, Dr. Gaynor has ever raised his voice against that hit-or-miss method, facetiously yet correctly styled “shot-gun practice,” which combines, for example, in one prescription three, four, or six different remedies, with the hope that if one misses some of the others will touch the target. He is, by consequence, a strong believer in the single remedy in every prescription. Dr. Gaynor is also a specialist in gynecology, his practice in St. John being almost limited to this department of his profession. He resides at number 2 Germain street.

de Martigny, Adelard Le Moyne, Notary and Cashier of La Banque Jacques Cartier, Montreal, was born at Varennes, on the 25th of December, 1826. He is the son of Jacques Le Moyne de Martigny, seigneur of de Martigny, St. Michel and La Trinité, and of Dame Suzanne Eléonore Perrault, daughter of the late François Perrault, prothonotary of the Superior Court at Quebec. Mr. de Martigny is descended from that distinguished family of Le Moyne, who arrived in this country in 1611, of whom were the de Longueuil, de Ste. Hélene, d’Iberville, de Bienville, de Chateauguay, de Sévigny, and de Maricourt; one of his ancestors, J. B. Le Moyne de Martigny, was at the capture of Fort Bourbon by d’Iberville, and was left there as commander of that fort. Having terminated his classical studies at the Montreal College, under the gentlemen of the Seminary of St. Sulpice, he studied law under J. N. A. Archambault, notary, at Varennes, and was admitted to practice in January, 1848. In August, 1856, he was appointed registrar of the county of Beauharnois; and in 1871 manager of the branch of the Merchants Bank of Canada, established in the town of Beauharnois. He, however, resigned these different positions to accept the one as manager of Le Crédit Foncier du Bas Canada in 1875; and finally he was offered the position of cashier of La Banque Jacques Cartier in Montreal in 1877, which he accepted and still occupies. He is one of the executors of the estate of the late Hon. Charles Wilson. Mr. de Martigny is one of the owners of a large asbestos estate in Coleraine, Megantic county, and one of the proprietors of a pulp and paper mill in Sorel, and was president of the Joliette Railroad Company at the time of the sale of that road to the government. In 1855 he married Aglaé Globensky, daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Globensky, one of the officers under Colonel de Salaberry, at the battle of Chateauguay. He has four sons by this marriage, one of them, the oldest, Louis Le Moyne de Martigny, is manager of the Jacques Cartier Bank at Salaberry de Valleyfield. He was married again to his first cousin, Marie Malvina Le Moyne de Martigny, daughter of Hugues Le Moyne de Martigny, seigneur of de Ramezay and Bourgchemin.

Rogers, Henry Cassady, Postmaster, Peterboro’, Ontario, was born at Grafton, Northumberland county, Ontario, on the 16th of July, 1839. He is the second son of the late Lieut.-Col. James G. Rogers and his first wife, Maria Burnham. His father died at his residence in Grafton on the 27th of November, 1874, in his seventieth year, greatly regretted by all who knew him. He (J. G. Rogers) came to Grafton with his parents from the village of Brighton, his birthplace, when he was only five years of age, and his life was spent amidst a people many of whom were the contemporaries of his youth. He was an upright magistrate and a sincere Christian. His grandfather, David McGregor Rogers, was a U. E. loyalist, who came to this country from New England with the first loyalists after the termination of the revolutionary war in 1776. He settled first on the Bay of Quinté, afterwards moving to Presqu’Isle, and finally to the township of Haldimand (now the village of Grafton), where he opened the first post-office between Kingston and York (now Toronto), and where three generations of the family have been born. The homestead is now occupied by his brother, Lieut.-Col. R. Z. Rogers, commanding the 40th battalion. He (D. McG. Rogers) was for twenty-four years a member of the Upper Canada legislature; and died on the 13th July, 1824, in the fifty-third year of his age. In his political opinions he was a warm admirer of the British constitution, and during the time he sat in the legislature no member guarded the rights and interests of the people more zealously than he did. His great-granduncle was the famous Col. Rogers of “Roger’s Rangers,” who was a man of note during the last century,—best known as Major Rogers. He first became famous as a scout in the Indian troubles. His exploits furnished Fenimore Cooper with the ground-work of his tales of the “Leather-stocking,” and “Horrors of the Backwoods.” He was commissioned to raise and organize a regiment of scouts during the French war. This corps rendered valuable service at the taking of Canada from the French, and on its surrender Rogers was entrusted by the commander-in-chief with the arduous duty of proceeding west from Montreal, and taking possession in the name of the king of Great Britain, of the country including forts Frontenac (Kingston), Niagara, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Mackinaw, etc., as far as the Mississippi in the west and Lake Superior north. He had therefore the honour of commanding the first British expedition that passed through the great chain of lakes, interesting accounts of which may be found in his “Journal,” published in London, England, in 1765; “Heely’s Wolfe in Canada,” “Parkman’s Conspiracy of Pontiac,” chap. vi.; and many others. The Rangers were re-organized on the breaking out of the rebellion in 1765, by a brother of the first commanding officer Colonel James Rogers who was the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, commanded at St. John’s, Quebec (the key of Canada as it was then called), and were called the “Queen’s Rangers,” but many of the leading spirits joined the rebels, among others Putnam and Stark, who were lieutenants in the Rangers, and who became celebrated generals in the American army. Great inducements were offered the Rogers to join Washington, but they remained staunch to the Crown, for which they not only lost their homes and possessions (some 30,000 acres of land in New England), but had their good name calumniated, being called traitors and spies by the partisan press of the revolutionists. The mother of H. C. Rogers was third daughter of the late Hon. Zaccheus Burnham, of Cobourg, who came to Cobourg with his four brothers from New Hampshire at the end of the last century, and who carved out homes and affluence from the forest, and left a large circle of descendants who are filling many positions of trust and honour throughout the Dominion. Henry Cassady Rogers, the subject of our sketch, received his primary education in the public school at Grafton; then when twelve years of age he was sent to the Model School at Toronto, and finally to the Grammar School at Kingston where he graduated. He then apprenticed himself to his uncle, the late Lieut.-Colonel R. D. Rogers, of Ashburnham, who learned him how to conduct a commercial business, and with this uncle he remained from 1855 to 1860. He then went into business in Peterboro’ with his brother-in-law, Harry Strickland, son of Colonel Strickland, of Lakefield, and for ten years they carried on a successful mercantile lumbering and mining business under the name of Strickland & Rogers. In 1871 Mr. Rogers retired from the firm and was made postmaster of Peterboro’, which office he now fills with satisfaction to the public. Mr. Rogers has inherited from his illustrious ancestors a love of military life, and when only sixteen years of age, on the Rifle company being formed at Peterboro’ in 1855, he joined that corps; and in 1866, on the promotion of Captain Poole, he was given command of the company, and acted as its captain during the various Fenian raids of that period. In 1867, when the 57th battalion was formed, he and his companions became No. 1 company of the battalion. In this connection, we may here say, that his brother, Lieut.-Colonel Robert Z. Rogers, commands the 40th (Northumberland) battalion; and his cousin, Lieut.-Colonel James Z. Rogers, the 57th battalion Peterboro’ Rangers. In 1872 he raised and commanded the Peterboro’ Cavalry troop, which now forms C troop of the 3rd Prince of Wales Canadian Dragoons. Mr. Rogers is an active member of the Masonic brotherhood, and belongs to Corinthian lodge, No. 101, Peterboro’. He crossed the Atlantic in 1862, and made himself familiar with many cities of the old world. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religious matters he is an adherent of the Episcopal church. In 1863 he was married at Smith’s Falls, to Maria, eldest daughter of Dr. W. H. Burritt, a scion of an old U. E. loyalist family of the Rideau, who settled at Burritt’s Rapids many years ago.

Wilson, J. C., M.P. for Argenteuil, Manufacturer, Montreal, was born on the 19th of July, 1841, near Rasharkin, county of Antrim, Ireland, and came to Montreal with his parents in September, 1842, and near this city the family settled. His father, Samuel Wilson, belonged to a numerous family of farmers and artisans in Antrim county; and his mother, Elizabeth Crocket, was descended from similar stock. Her forefathers were of a roving disposition, and their descendants are scattered all over the British colonies. Both Mr. Wilson’s parents were religious people, and held a prominent position in the church. His mother died at an early age from the excessive hardships she had to endure in the vicinity of Montreal, as a pioneer settler. His father, as a youth, received no training as an artisan, yet having a natural talent for using tools, he adopted the trade of carpenter, and in a very few years thereafter became an expert mechanic. He designed and made the first railway snow-plough used in Canada, and from his model the plough now used is still made. He entered the employ of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, and up to the time of his death was engaged by that company in building their cars. He was a very industrious man, and in the evenings, after leaving his usual work, frequently spent hours in his own workshop in his house at his lathe and bench, making furniture for himself and his neighbours. James, the subject of this sketch, was educated by an old-fashioned schoolmaster in the rudiments of learning, and had to work for a living at a very early age. He was apprenticed to mechanical engineering in 1853, and until 1856 he worked at his trade, when, having met with an accident that injured his right arm, he had to give up the trade of a mechanical engineer. Mr. Wilson now shows with pride some fine machinist’s tools he made when he was an apprentice. On recovering from his injuries, a kind friend observing the talents and perseverance of the lad, sent him to the Model School, and from there to the McGill Normal School in Montreal, and in July, 1859, he graduated as a teacher. In 1859 he removed to Beauharnois, and taught the dissentient school in that town until 1862, when he moved west to Belleville, where he clerked until December of that year, when he moved to Toronto, and accepted the position of clerk in the office of a wholesale news company. In 1863 he went to New York, and from November of that year until January, 1867, he had the management of the publishing house of T. W. Strong, of that city, and through his perseverance and industry gained the highest rung of the ladder of fortune in Mr. Strong’s establishment. While Mr. Wilson resided in New York he was a great favourite among the Canadians visiting there, and helped many of them when they were in need. A deep-seated love for Canada, and a special inducement brought him again back to Montreal in January, 1867, and he at once assumed the position of cashier and bookkeeper in the office of Angus, Logan & Co., paper manufacturers (now the Canada Paper Co.) He remained with this firm until September, 1870, when he went into business on his own account. He began the manufacture of paper bags by machinery, and was the first in Canada to supply the grocers all over the Dominion with this very useful article. This proving, by energy and ability, a prosperous business, in 1880 he built a large paper mill at Lachute, province of Quebec, and in 1885 had to double its power so as to be able to make six tons of paper per day. In 1880 Mr. Wilson was elected an alderman for the city of Montreal, and was again returned by acclamation in 1883. For six years he represented St. Lawrence ward in the city council, and for four years was chairman of the light committee. He was president of the Fish and Game Protection Club of the province of Quebec for two years; president of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society for two years; and has occupied the principal chairs in several other societies in Montreal. Mr. Wilson is a life governor and vice-president of the Montreal Dispensary; a governor of the Protestant Insane Asylums of the province of Quebec; one of the board of Protestant School Commissioners of Montreal; principal and head of the firm of J. C. Wilson & Co., paper and paper-bag makers, Montreal; and at the general elections held February 22, 1887, he was elected to represent the county of Argenteuil, province of Quebec, in the House of Commons at Ottawa. Mr. Wilson is an ardent fisherman, fond of lakes and brooks, and never hesitates to drive thirty or forty miles over a rough road to enjoy a few hours’ trout-fishing, and thoroughly enjoys camp life. In business he is active, pushing, hard-working, and far-seeing in his plans, and never puts off until to-morrow what can be done to-day. With his employees he is a favourite, and is looked upon by them as most generous and kind. Mr. Wilson has adopted as his motto, “It pays to think.” In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion an adherent of the Presbyterian form of worship. On the 6th of November, 1865, he married Jeanie, third daughter of the late William Kilgour, of Beauharnois, province of Quebec, and has a family of five children—three sons and two daughters.

Wedderburn, Hon. William, Q.C., Hampton, Judge of the County Courts of Kings and Albert counties, New Brunswick, was born at St. John, October 12, 1834. He is a son of the late Alexander Wedderburn, of Aberdeen, Scotland. Imperial emigration agent at St. John, New Brunswick, and Jane Heaviside, of London, England. His father was the author of several pamphlets and letters on important public affairs. Judge Wedderburn was educated at the St. John Grammar School, and entered as a student for the profession of the law in the office of the Hon. John H. Gray, (now judge of the Supreme Court of British Columbia); was called to the bar in 1858, and created a Queen’s counsel in 1873. Until he entered political life he enjoyed a very large and leading law practice. For several years he was intimately connected with the press as a contributor and editor, and in both capacities, as well as on the platform, took a very prominent and pronounced stand in favour of the confederation of the provinces. At the general elections of 1870 he first presented himself for parliamentary honours, and was returned for the city of St. John to the New Brunswick legislature. In 1874 he was re-elected by a very large vote; and again in 1878 he was honoured by re-election. While in parliament he took a very prominent part in the discussions before the house, and was the author and promoter of a series of resolutions in favour of “better terms” for New Brunswick, and was afterwards delegated on several occasions to go to Ottawa on this subject. The result of the agitation was a very large increase to the income of the province, secured with other advantages when the delegates pressed the matter finally and with effect upon the settlement of the export duty question during the discussion of the Washington treaty. Mr. Wedderburn was also the author and mover of the famous resolutions—known and published throughout the election as the “Wedderburn resolutions”—on which the School bill contest in 1874 was conducted, re-affirming the principle of the School law, and protesting against any interference by the parliament of Canada on the subject. Very many laws were added to the Statute Book upon his motion. On February 18, 1876, he was elected speaker of the House of Assembly by acclamation, and while holding this office he was requested to report a code of laws for the government of the house during business and in committee. The rules at this time were very few and incomplete, and quite behind the age. At the following session he reported to the house. Taking the practice of the Imperial and Canadian Houses of Commons, and the rules of parliament, and of the different legislatures of the provinces,—the report provided a full and complete course of procedure. After full discussion during that and the following session the whole of the rules were adopted with very little, if any, material amendment. The committee reported a grant of five hundred dollars to the speaker for his work—which had, of course, been prepared without charge. Mr. Wedderburn ranked high as a parliamentary authority, and is thought not to have been excelled in the chair. At the close of the term of the Assembly, the leader of the opposition, in a very complimentary speech, moved the thanks of the House to Mr. Speaker for his ability, etc., in the government of the house. The premier (now Judge King) seconded the motion, and highly eulogized the Speaker, and concluded by saying that “if he (Mr. Wedderburn) had not been so good a Speaker, he (Mr. King) would have been a better parliamentarian.” Immediately after this, Hon. Mr. Wedderburn was appointed to the office of provincial secretary, and this office he held until he accepted the position of judge of the County Courts of Kings and Albert. He twice refused a seat in the government of 1870, and the appointment of commissioner to consolidate the provincial statutes. He has been prominently identified with the temperance movement, and has filled various important positions in this army of moral reform, among others that of grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of New Brunswick. He was president of the Mechanics’ Institute of St. John for three years consecutively, 1869-72, as well as holding other offices in the institute. He was first president of the Provincial Board of Agriculture, created by a law passed by the government of which he was a member, and the address delivered by him at the inauguration of the board was greatly complimented, and published or largely quoted in English and French throughout Canada and in the United states. And it was largely through his means that the stock farm was undertaken by the government. Hon. Mr. Wedderburn has been speaker, orator, and lecturer on many important public and private occasions, commanding the close attention of his auditors at all times by his eloquent, powerful and ornate deliverances. Among his efforts in this direction may be mentioned his address at the memorial services held in the city of St. John for President Lincoln; his oration as provincial secretary at the memorial services of President Garfield; at the laying the corner stone of the Masonic Temple in St. John; at the ceremonial in celebration of the Centennial of the introduction of Freemasonry into New Brunswick; his great lecture on “Colin Campbell,” in the Mechanics’ Institute, on behalf of the volunteers during the Fenian troubles; and his brilliant oration, delivered by request of the city corporation of St. John, upon the Centennial celebration of the landing of the loyalists in New Brunswick. Many others might be mentioned. Judge Wedderburn has always been prominently identified with the fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons. He was initiated in St. John’s lodge, of St. John, June 19, 1857, and was senior warden in 1860, and worshipful master in 1862 and 1863. The capitular degrees were received in the New Brunswick Royal Arch Chapter. He was the first of, and the most prominent among, those who advocated the erection of an independent Grand Lodge in and for New Brunswick; promoting the movement by his voice and pen, particularly by the latter in the columns of the Masonic Mirror, the organ of the order, and of which he was the editor. At the formation of the Grand Lodge, October, 1867, he was unanimously elected deputy grand master, in which position he continued up to 1870, when he was elected grand master, and occupied the latter office for two years. Although the removal of his residence to his villa at Hampton, Kings county, and the prosecution of his judicial functions have drawn him away from active participation in the work of the craft, nevertheless he continues to retain his membership in the lodge, and to preserve a warm interest in the prosperity of the brotherhood. The editor of the Parliamentary Practice thus refers to him when he was provincial secretary:—“Upon the floor of the House he was a leading spirit; eloquent and argumentative, a keen debater, and a master of sarcasm.” Judge Wedderburn is married to Jeannie, daughter of the late C. C. Vaughan, of St. John, New Brunswick.

Steeves, James Thomas, M.D., Superintendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Hillsborough, Albert county, N.B., on the 25th of January, 1828. He is a brother of the late Hon. W. H. Steeves, senator, and one of the delegates or founders of Canadian confederation; and is of German ancestry. His great-grandfather was born in Osnaburgh, Germany, whence he removed to Philadelphia, and his grandfather, the Rev. Henry Steeves, removed thence to Albert county, N.B., about the beginning of the present century. Dr. Steeves is a Baptist in religion, as all his fathers were; in fact “his fathers” were the pioneers in disseminating Baptist doctrines over a large portion of the province. His literary education was obtained at the Grammar School at Hillsborough, at Sackville Academy, and finally at the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton, under the late Dr. Spurden. After the completion of his literary course, he entered upon the study of medicine at the Pennsylvania Medical College,—attracted by the famous surgeon, Valentine Mott,—the following year he matriculated at the University of New York, and graduated in the class of 1853. From the medical faculty of the university he received a certificate of honour for proficiency and for having pursued a more extended course of instruction than that required by the college curriculum. In June, 1854, the doctor established himself in Portland, St. John, N.B., and entered upon the practice of his profession. After the lapse of a few weeks Asiatic cholera made its appearance there in all its terribleness, spreading dismay and death on every hand. During the prevalence of this fearful scourge, extending over a period upwards of four months, Dr. Steeves, by his unswerving fidelity to his professional duties under every circumstance, and his good measure of success, fairly placed himself among the leading physicians of New Brunswick. In 1864 he removed to the city of St. John and erected the fine block of four brick and stone buildings situated on the corner of Wellington Row and Union street, which escaped the great fire of 1877, and still stand as a monument to his success and enterprise, and where he resided until 1875. On the opening of the General Public Hospital in 1864, the doctor was appointed upon the staff of visiting surgeons, and was the last of the original staff retiring. When the late Dr. J. Waddell was about retiring from the superintendency of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Dr. Steeves was recommended by his professional brethren almost as a body, as a suitable successor for the position. Under the management of Dr. Waddell the asylum for the insane had attained a high position for successful work; and since under the present administration it has not lost a whit, but has kept fully abreast with the various modern improvements incident to asylum treatment everywhere. Dr. Steeves is a strong advocate for segregation, pavilion accommodation, and employment for the insane. By means of his advocacy with pen and voice, he has induced the government of New Brunswick to purchase a large farm, and to erect thereon a group of pavilions for the care and employment of a suitable number and class of the most healthy, indigent and pauper insane. The establishment is in full working condition, and is regarded as a complete success, in that it is far better than the old hospital system for this class of patients, giving them more freedom and out-door work, and that it is far more economical both in buildings and maintenance. Dr. Steeves was elected a member of the first medical council of New Brunswick on the introduction of the English Medical Registration Act in 1860. He has occupied the position of vice-president of the Canada Medical Association; he is an honorary member of the American Medical Association; he was elected unanimously first president of the New Brunswick Medical Society under the New Brunswick Medical Act of 1880; and is past president of the New Brunswick Medical Council. The Dr. was married to M. A. McMann, daughter of the late Captain L. McMann, of the city of St. John, in May, 1856; by whom he had born nine children. The eldest son, Frank H. Steeves, M.D., a very promising young man, graduated in medicine at Bellevue Hospital College, N.Y., and soon after went to St. Thomas Hospital College, London, England, in 1880, to further pursue medical studies. There he contracted acute phthisis, to which disease he succumbed in March, 1882. The second son, J. A. E. Steeves, A.M., M.D., is the assistant physician in the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, at the present time.

Van Wyck, Rev. James, Pastor of the Euclid Avenue Methodist Church, Toronto, was born in Stamford village, in the county of Welland, Ontario, on the 16th of May, 1846. He is descended on his father’s side from an old Dutch family, who many centuries ago were seigniors of Wyck in Holland, but through political intrigue lost their feudal rights. The first Van Wyck in America emigrated from Holland in 1660, and he and his son Theodoras took the oath of allegiance to the British government in 1681. Since then the family has multiplied considerably, and is now scattered throughout the United States, many of them filling important positions, both in church and state. Rev. Mr. Van Wyck’s grandfather was the only one of this name who came to Canada, to make for himself a home, and he settled in the Niagara peninsula, where Daniel Van Wyck, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born, on the 7th of October, 1812, his mother being Nancy Kilman. Daniel Van Wyck was a farmer, a man of good judgment and sterling integrity, and was invariably sought after in cases of arbitration. During the Mackenzie rebellion, he stood by the “old flag.” He took a deep interest in education—filling the position of school trustee for many years, and was an ardent supporter of free schools. In politics he was a Conservative. James Van Wyck, like a great many boys in their days, had to help his father on the farm or in the workshop, and got very little time to attend the public school after he was ten years of age, except a few months in winter, and not even that after he was fifteen years of age. Misfortune had befallen his father, and the son worked hard to help him to regain his former position. When he had reached his nineteenth year, having despaired of getting what his mind craved after, an education, he apprenticed himself to an elder brother in the town of Welland, to learn the carpenter trade, and having served the usual time, he left Welland and went to Lockport, New York state, where he remained for about eighteen months. During these years he had been improving his mind, and had united himself with the Methodist Episcopal church. On his return to Canada in 1869, he entered the ministry of that church, and after preaching four years, and pursuing the required course of study, he was ordained to the work of the ministry in 1873, by the late Bishop Richardson. In the fall of that year he entered Albert College, Belleville, where he remained for four years, and graduated in arts in June, 1878. He was also valedictorian of the year, besides receiving the silver medal. He was then invited to a church in Strathroy, where he remained for nearly five years by special request (it being a privilege at that time to those who were preferred). Next he went to Hamilton, where he remained for three years, and in 1886 he was invited to take charge of the church in Euclid avenue, in Toronto, the pastorate he now fills, with honour to the Master and satisfaction to his people. Rev. Mr. Van Wyck has always taken an active part in temperance work, and from 1879 to 1882 occupied the office of president of the branch of the Dominion Alliance, for the suppression of the liquor traffic in the county of Middlesex. He is a member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, and he has also been connected with the Sons of Temperance, and the Good Templars for a number of years. He is one of the board of management of Alma College, St. Thomas, and also one of its board of examiners. He occupied a seat on the board of examiners of the Albert College, Belleville, from 1878 up to the time of the union of the Methodist churches a few years ago. He has also been associated with the board of examiners in the Annual Conference of the Methodist church since 1878. Rev. Mr. Van Wyck has been repeatedly appointed a delegate to the General Conference of the Methodist church, and when the question of union was discussed, he supported the union with all his ability. He has been very happy in his church relations, and in all his charges has enjoyed great prosperity. In his earlier years, Mr. Van Wyck was somewhat prejudiced in favour of the denomination in which he was brought up, and thought John Wesley infallible, but Ephraim has now somewhat modified his views. Although he is a firm Arminian, and believes in the genuineness, authority and inspired character of the divine revelation contained in the Bible, yet he sometimes wishes that the creeds of the Evangelical church had more specified articles of faith in them, and that they were more liberally interpreted. He was married on the 24th of August, 1866, to Maria Fares, who was educated in Toronto and Belleville, and is a daughter of Isaac Fares, of Humberstone, Welland county, Ontario.

Bronson, Erskine Henry, M.P.P., for the city of Ottawa, was born on the 12th of September, 1844, at Bolton, Warren county, New York state. He is a son of Henry Franklin Bronson, and Edith E. Pierce, of Bolton, and a member of the firm of Bronsons & Weston, lumber manufacturers, Ottawa city. Mr. Bronson, senr., came to Canada in 1849, when Erskine was a mere child, and visiting the Ottawa valley became greatly impressed with the idea that the Chaudière Falls was a splendid place to begin lumbering operations. The timber supply in the neighbourhood seemed inexhaustible, and the water power magnificent. After a short stay, however, he returned to his home in the state of New York, and thought little more of the matter until 1852, when he persuaded J. J. Harris, an extensive lumberman, with whom he was associated, to go with him to Ottawa. Arrived at their destination, the river experts tried to persuade them that the Ottawa river was not suitable for the safe driving of saw logs. But Mr. Bronson thought differently, and persuaded Mr. Harris to purchase certain water lots at the Chaudière Falls, which he accordingly did, from the Crown, and here, under the personal superintendence of Mr. Bronson, were erected mills, portions of which still exist and form part of the splendid works since erected by Bronsons & Weston. Shortly after the erection of the first mill, Mr. Bronson removed his family to Canada, in the fall of 1853, and made his permanent home at Ottawa. Erskine was brought up here, and received his education in the best schools in the place, and at Sandy Hill, New York state. After finishing his education, he took a position in the business; and in 1864, on the retirement of Mr. Harris, he was admitted a partner into the new firm, which was then established, and which consisted of Henry Franklin Bronson, who with Mr. Harris originated the business, Erskine H. Bronson and Abijah Weston, of Painted Post, New York, and which has since traded under the name of Bronsons & Weston. This firm owns two mills at Ottawa, running ten gates, with a capacity of producing 60,000,000 feet of lumber during the season. They have also close business relations with John W. Dunham, of Albany, New York, and Herman K. Weaver, of Burlington, Vt., and have also a yard in Albany, for the sale of lumber in the rough. Though in the building up of this great concern, the Liberal member for Ottawa has played no inconsiderable part, he has also done something to prove himself a good and useful citizen. He has been a member of the School Board for the last fourteen years, during the past four years of which he has been chairman of the committee on school management. He was first elected to the city council by acclamation in 1871, and served continuously until the close of 1877. During the last year he was in the council he prepared the act consolidating the city debt, and secured its passage in the Ontario Legislature in the session of 1878. This act relieved the city by the extension of the time of the payment of its bonds of a large annual levy for a sinking fund, and fixed the maximum of taxation at one and a half per cent., instead of two per cent. as before, under the general municipal law. Mr. Bronson in politics is a Reformer, and in religious matters an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He is one of our rising men, and we feel that Ottawa in electing him as one of its representatives in the Ontario Legislature, has done something that shall redound to its credit. Mr. Bronson was married in 1874, to Miss Webster, the only daughter of Professor Webster, a Southern gentleman, at one time a resident of the capital, by whom he has two children.

McPherson, R. B., Thorold, Ontario, was born in 1817, in Kingussie, Inverness-shire, Scotland. His father was a merchant; and having a family of twelve children, he considered it would be to their interest if he emigrated to Canada. He therefore left his native country in 1822, and located himself in Glengarry, about twenty miles east by north of Cornwall. Here R. B. McPherson was brought up, and received the very scant education given in the back township schools in those days, the principal being the reading of the Bible and the committing to memory the Shorter Catechism and the Paraphrases. At the age of thirteen he left home, and found employment in a country store, the proprietor of which was in the habit of purchasing timber for the Quebec market. Here Mr. McPherson remained for some time, and frequently had to act in the capacity of raftsman, and help bring his employer’s timber down to Quebec. He often ran the risk of losing his life in the St. Lawrence river rapids before the rafts were safely anchored in the timber coves at Quebec. During the rebellion of 1837-8, Mr. McPherson took sides with the loyalists, and had command at one time of a guard at the river Beaudette bridge near Coteau Rapids, Province of Quebec, whose duty it was to intercept rebels coming or going over it, more especially the late Sir George E. Cartier, for whose head a large sum of money had been offered, and who it was thought would endeavour to escape across the St. Lawrence at this point. In 1840 Mr. McPherson left Lower Canada and came to Toronto, where he remained a short time, and then crossed over to Rochester. From this place he travelled through the Genesee country to Buffalo and the Falls of Niagara, and when at the latter point, he saw Mr. McLeod, of Caroline steamer notoriety, a prisoner, surrounded by a strong guard at the hotel. He again returned to Canada, and found employment near the town of Simcoe. In this place he remained for a short time, and then left for New York, intending to sail from that port to Buenos Ayres, South America, and try his fortune there. On his arrival at New York, he learned that Buenos Ayres was blockaded by a French squadron, and being advised to abandon his southern trip, he remained in New York until his means were exhausted, and then, in the month of January, he left with the idea of tramping his way to New Orleans by way of the Mississippi. On his route he passed through Philadelphia and Baltimore. At Baltimore he took the turnpike road to Pittsburg, but after a while got so tired and footsore with travelling in the snow that he turned off the main road, and took the road right across the state of Pennsylvania through the coal mines, making his way towards Lake Erie. When he reached the Alleghany river he followed its course for a long distance, and then struck off to Jamestown, just then starting into existence, and then on to Buffalo. From this point he walked across Lake Erie on the ice to Port Colborne and then on to St. Catharines. Here he found employment as bookkeeper, paymaster, etc., in the office of Thompson, Haggert & Burford, contractors engaged in building the Welland canal. Frank Smith (now senator) was at this date employed by this former firm and was in charge of a store that shipped goods to the labourers’ employers on the works. After the completion of this famous Welland canal contract Mr. McPherson went to Toronto, and meeting a Mr. Logan, a then prominent merchant in that city, who controlled about a dozen stores in various country parts north and east of Toronto, he entered into an engagement with him to take charge of a store at Oshawa; and while here Mr. Logan’s storekeeper in the village of Markham was murdered (the murderer being afterwards executed in Toronto), and Mr. McPherson was transferred to that village leaving the employ of Mr. Logan, he went to the village of Bradford and took charge of a store for Mr. Cameron, son of the late Colin Cameron, of Hogshollow, Yonge street. In the spring of 1849 Mr. McPherson again got restless and left Bradford with the intention of going to California, but on his way, at Buffalo, he met the late Mr. Brown, who had a large contract in the Welland canal, and abandoning his California trip, he arranged with that gentleman to become his general manager, and once more returned to Canada. Mr. Brown was a large contractor, and shortly after Mr. McPherson joined him, he secured a contract amounting to about two million dollars on the new canal; but before he had half completed the work, he met with an accident which caused his death. Dying without a will, Mr. Brown’s affairs were put into Chancery, and Mr. McPherson was appointed administrator of the estate. He went to work and completed Mr. Brown’s contracts. When the estate was wound up, it was found that Mr. McPherson had faithfully done his duty, and that the sum of six hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars had been realized for Mr. Brown’s heirs. In 1869 Mr. McPherson built a grist flouring mill, and another in 1878, to supply flour, etc., to the men building the canal, both ventures turning out fairly. From 1856 to 1862 he was a member of the town council, and for two years a member of the county council, and when acting as county councillor he had the pleasure of taking part in the reception given the Prince of Wales at Chippawa. Mr. McPherson was a Liberal in politics ever since he knew the meaning of the term, and always took a lively interest in political matters. In 1881, on the death of his wife, he took a tour through the Southern States, and in his rambles visited Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee and Kentucky, returning through some of the Northern States; and came to the wise conclusion that Ontario suited him best, and in this province he spent the remainder of his days. Although Mr. McPherson’s parents were, in the old country, Baptists, and in Canada attended the Presbyterian church, and were very strict observers of Sunday and all the doctrines held by that church, yet as a young man he began to wonder why God was so particular about Sunday. Being of an inquiring turn of mind and not afraid to think for himself, he began reading philosophical works, and works on the religions of antiquity, and comparing them with the writings of the Jews, he gradually relinquished the Christian dogmas, and became an Agnostic. Mr. McPherson was married in 1855, to Miss Secord, whose parents reside near St. David’s, a few miles from Queenston. Her grandmother gained considerable renown during the war of 1812, having walked from Queenston in the night through the enemy’s lines to give important information to the British general stationed about twenty miles west of that place. While on a visit to Buffalo, Mr. McPherson was suddenly taken ill, and died on the 1st December, 1886, in that city, aged sixty-nine years, leaving behind him an honourable record for integrity and usefulness.

Cameron, Sir Matthew, Chief Justice of Ontario, who died at Toronto, Ontario, on the 25th June, 1887, was a son of John McAlpine Cameron, a descendant of the Camerons of Fassifern, Scotland, who emigrated from Inverness-shire to Upper Canada in 1819, settling at Dundas, where he engaged in business, and subsequently discharged the duties of deputy postmaster under Thomas Allan Stayner, then the Imperial Postmaster-General for Canada, at Hamilton. He also acted as deputy clerk of the Crown for Gore district. Later, however, he was a student at law with Sir Allan McNab, with whom he remained until he was appointed to the first permanent clerkship of committees in the parliament of Upper Canada, from which office he went to the Canada Company’s office in Toronto, where he held an important position for many years. Coming to this part of the country, as he did, when it was yet undeveloped and sparsely settled, and engaging in active life, Mr. Cameron became well and widely known. He died in Toronto in November, 1866, aged seventy-nine years. His mother was Nancy Foy, a native of Northumberland, England. The deceased chief justice received his primary education at a school in Hamilton, under a Mr. Randall, and afterwards at the District School in Toronto, which he attended for a short time. In 1838 he entered Upper Canada College, where he studied until 1840, when, in consequence of an accident while out shooting, he had to retire. Two years later he entered the office of Campbell & Boulton, of Toronto, as a student-at-law, where he remained until Hilary term, 1849, when he was called to the bar of the province of Ontario. He engaged in Toronto in the practice of his profession, first with Mr. Boulton, his former master. This firm continued until the law partnership of Cayley & Cameron was formed, the senior member being the Hon. William Cayley, an English barrister, and at one time inspector-general of the province, afterwards registrar of the Surrogate Court. In 1859 Dr. McMichael entered the firm, which then became Cayley, Cameron & McMichael. Later Mr. Cayley retired, and E. Fitzgerald became a partner in the business, and his name was added to the name and style of the firm, remaining so for several years. Alfred Hoskin subsequently became a partner, and on the retirement of Mr. Fitzgerald, the firm became Cameron, McMichael & Hoskin, and remained so until the senior member’s elevation to the bench in November, 1878. He was elected a Queen’s counsel in 1863, and elected a bencher in November, 1878. He first came into public notice as a counsel in the famous case of Anderson, the fugitive slave, the refusal to surrender whom, on the part of the British government, nearly caused war between that country and the United States. Mr. Cameron represented Anderson in this case, and made a defence which for burning eloquence and closely reasoned logic has scarcely ever been equalled at the bar in this country. It was over the magnificence of this effort that he got the title which he retained for some time of the silver-tongued orator of the Ontario bar. Partly as a result of this case he obtained a very large practice, and travelled from assize to assize, putting in an immense amount of work, though nearly all the time enduring great personal agony, as the result of an accident suffered some years before. This accident occurred while he and another gentleman were shooting in the marsh near this city. One of the guns went off prematurely, shooting Mr. Cameron in the thigh. The wound took a bad turn, and the injured leg had to be amputated. The stump never healed properly, and during the remainder of his life he was almost continually in pain from this accident. The physical suffering never prevented him from doing such a day’s work that few men in the country would have performed in the same time. In his early days, when he was a practising barrister, he would work through one assize court, and then travel all night across country roads thirty or forty miles, take up the business at another court and after going through it travel to the next court, and so on. At the assizes, as a judge, he would go to the bench early in the morning, would sit there all afternoon, and would not adjourn till four or five in the morning if necessary to get through with a case. He has worn out three juries in a day. His legal acquirements and great talents caused him to be looked up to with profound respect by the bar, the members of which also entertained much personal affection for him. His summing up of a case was a masterpiece of lucidity and force. The first public office held by the late Sir Matthew Cameron was on a commission with Colonel Coffin, appointed in 1852, to inquire into the causes of accidents which had been of frequent occurrence on the Great Western Railway. In 1859 he went into the City Council of Toronto, representing St. James ward, and thenceforward he figured prominently in public life. In 1861, and again a few years later, at the solicitation of many citizens, he contested the mayoralty unsuccessfully. In 1861 he entered the arena of national politics, and sat for North Ontario in the Canadian Assembly from the general election of that year until the general election in 1863, when he was defeated. But in July, 1864, he was re-elected for the same seat, which he continued to hold until confederation, when he was again unsuccessful. At the general Provincial elections in 1867 he was returned to the Ontario legislature for East Toronto, and re-elected in 1871 and 1875. He was a member of the Executive Council in Ontario in the Sandfield Macdonald administration from July 20, 1867, until the resignation of the ministry, December 19, 1871, and, with the exception of the last five months of this period, when he was commissioner of Crown Lands, he held the offices of Provincial Secretary and Registrar. He was also leader, and a very able one, too, of the opposition, from the general elections in December, 1871, until appointed to the judgeship in the Queen’s Bench, in November, 1878, which position he held until he rose to the chief justiceship of the Common Pleas in 1884. He aided in forming the Liberal-Conservative Association of Toronto, became its first president, and held that office until his elevation to the bench. He was also vice-president of the Liberal-Conservative convention which was assembled in Toronto in 1874. He was a member of the Caledonian and St. Andrew’s societies. He was created a Knight Bachelor on April 5th last, at the same time Chief Justice Stuart, of Quebec, received a similar honour. As a lawyer Sir Matthew had few equals either among his predecessors or his contemporaries; and as a citizen he was generous almost to excess. As a minister of the Crown, and as leader of the opposition, he was a prodigious worker, an able tactician, and a most formidable, though always courteous, enemy. As a judge he had the confidence and respect of the bar to the utmost extent, while his immense knowledge of law and the clearness of his decisions made him a most valuable public servant. Chief Justice Cameron belonged to the Episcopal denomination, and for about thirty years was a member of Trinity Church, Toronto. In politics he was a Liberal-Conservative. On December 1st, 1851, he was married in Toronto to Charlotte Ross, daughter of William Wedd, who immediately prior to his death resided in Hamilton, Ontario. Mrs. Cameron died January 14th, 1868. She was a sister of William Wedd, first classical master at Upper Canada College, and also of the late Mrs. Dr. McMichael, Mrs. Dr. Strathy, Toronto, and Mrs. Scadding, of Orillia. Sir Matthew left three sons and three daughters. His sons are, Dr. Irving H. Cameron, Ross McAlpine Cameron, and Douglas W. Cameron. His daughters are Mrs. Darling, the widow of the late son of the Rev. W. S. Darling, Mrs. A. Wright, and a young unmarried daughter.

Talbot, Hon. Thomas, was born at Malahide, on the 17th July, 1771. His father was Richard Talbot, of Malahide, and his mother, Margaret, Baroness Talbot. The Talbots of Malahide trace their descent from the same stock as the Talbots who have been earls of Shrewsbury, in the peerage of Great Britain, since the middle of the fifteenth century. The subject of our sketch spent some years at the Public Free School of Manchester, and received a commission in the army in the year 1782, when he was only eleven years of age. In 1787, when only sixteen, we find him installed as aide-de-camp to his relative, the Marquis of Buckingham, who was then lord lieutenant of Ireland. His brother aide was the Arthur Wellesley, who afterwards became the illustrious Duke of Wellington. The two boys were necessarily thrown much together, and each of them formed a warm attachment for the other. Their future paths in life lay far apart, but they never ceased to correspond, and to recall the happy time they had spent together. In 1790 he joined the 24th regiment, which was then stationed at Quebec, in the capacity of lieutenant. Upon the arrival of Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe at Quebec, at the end of May, 1792, Lieutenant Talbot, who had nearly completed his twenty-first year, became attached to the governor’s suite in the capacity of private secretary. Governor Simcoe, writing in 1803, says, “he not only conducted many details and important duties incidental to the original establishment of a colony, in matters of internal regulation, to my entire satisfaction, but was employed in the most confidential measures necessary to preserve the country in peace, without violating, on the one hand, the relations of amity with the United States, and on the other, alienating the affections of the Indian nations, at that period in open war with them. In this very critical situation, I principally made use of Mr. Talbot for the most confidential intercourse with the several Indian tribes, and occasionally with his Majesty’s minister at Philadelphia, and these duties, without any salary or emolument, he executed to my perfect satisfaction.” It seems to have been during his tenure of office as secretary that the idea of embracing a pioneer’s life in Canada first took possession of young Talbot’s mind. On the 4th of February, 1793, an expedition which was destined to have an important bearing upon the future life of Lieutenant Talbot, as well as upon the future history of the province, set out from Newark, now Niagara village, to explore the pathless wilds of Upper Canada. It consisted of Governor Simcoe himself and several of his officers, and the subject of our present sketch. The expedition occupied five weeks, and extended as far as Detroit. The route was through Mohawk village, on the Grand River, where the party were entertained by Joseph Brant; then westward to where Woodstock now stands; and so on by a somewhat devious course to Detroit. On the return journey the party camped on the present site of London, which Governor Simcoe then pronounced to be an admirable position for the future capital of the province. One important result of this long and toilsome journey was the construction of Dundas Street, or as it is frequently called, “the governor’s road.” Lieutenant Talbot was delighted with the wild and primitive aspect of the country through which they passed, and expressed a strong desire to explore the land farther to the south, bordering on lake Erie. His desire was gratified in the course of the following autumn, when Governor Simcoe indulged himself, and several members of his suite, with another western excursion. During this journey the party encamped on the present site of Port Talbot, which the young lieutenant declared to be the loveliest situation for a dwelling he had ever seen. “Here,” said he, “will I roost, and will soon make the forest tremble under the wings of the flock I will invite, by my warblings, around me.” Whether he was serious in this declaration at the time may be doubted; but, as will presently be seen, he ultimately kept his word. In 1793 young Talbot received his majority. In 1796 he became lieutenant-colonel of the fifth regiment of foot. He returned to Europe and joined his regiment, which was dispatched on active service to the continent. He himself was busily employed during this period, and was for some time in command of two battalions. Upon the conclusion of the peace of Amiens, on the 27th March, 1802, he sold his commission, retired from the service, and prepared to carry out the intention expressed by him to Governor Simcoe nine years before, of pitching his tent in the wilds of Canada. Why he adopted this course it is impossible to do more than conjecture. He never married, but remained a bachelor to the end of his days. The work of settlement cannot be said to have commenced in earnest until 1809. It was no light thing in those days for a man with a family dependent upon him to bury himself in the remote wilderness of Western Canada. There was no flouring mill, for instance, within sixty miles of his abode, which was known as Castle Malahide. During the American invasion of 1812-13-14, Colonel Talbot commanded the militia of the district, and was present at the battles of Lundy’s Lane and Fort Erie. Marauding parties sometimes found their way to Castle Malahide during this troubled period, and what few people there were in the settlement suffered a good deal of annoyance. Within a day or two after the battle of the Thames, where the brave Tecumseh met his doom, a party of these marauders, consisting of Indians and scouts from the American army, presented themselves at Fort Talbot, and summoned the garrison to surrender. The place was not fortified, and the garrison consisted merely of a few farmers, who had enrolled themselves in the militia under the temporary command of a Captain Patterson. A successful defence was out of the question, and Colonel Talbot, who would probably have been deemed an important capture, quietly walked out of the back door as the invaders entered at the front. Some of the Indians saw the colonel, who was dressed in homely, everyday garb, walking off through the woods, and were about to fire on him, when they were restrained by Captain Patterson, who begged them not to hurt the poor old fellow, who, he said, was the person who tended the sheep. The marauders rifled the place, and carried off everything they could lay hands on, including some valuable horses and cattle. Colonel Talbot’s gold, consisting of about two quart pots full, and some valuable plate, concealed under the front wing of the house, escaped notice. The invaders set fire to the grist-mill that the colonel had built in the township of Dunwick, which was totally consumed, and this was a serious loss to the settlement generally. Mrs. Jameson, who travelled in Upper Canada in 1837-38, has left us the following description of her visit to Port Talbot. Speaking of the colonel, she says, “this remarkable man is now about sixty-five, perhaps more, but he does not look so much. In spite of his rustic dress, his good-humoured, jovial, weather-beaten face, and the primitive simplicity, not to say rudeness, of his dwelling, he has in his features, air, deportment, that something which stamps him gentleman. And that something, which thirty-four years of solitude has not effaced, he derives, I suppose, from blood and birth, things of more consequence, when philosophically and philanthropically considered, than we are apt to allow. I had always heard and read of him as the ‘eccentric’ Colonel Talbot. Of his eccentricity I heard much more than of his benevolence, his invincible courage, his enthusiasm, his perseverance; but, perhaps, according to the worldly nomenclature, these qualities come under the general head of ‘eccentricity’ when devotion to a favourite object cannot possibly be referred to self-interest. Of the life he led for the first sixteen years, and the difficulties and obstacles he encountered, he drew, in his discourse with me, a strong, I might say a terrible, picture; and observe that it was not a life of wild, wandering freedom—the life of an Indian hunter, which is said to be so fascinating that ‘no man who has ever followed it for any length of time, ever voluntarily returns to civilized society!’ Colonel Talbot’s life has been one of persevering, heroic self-devotion to the completion of a magnificent plan, laid down in the first instance, and followed up with unflinching tenacity of purpose. For sixteen years he saw scarce a human being, except the few boors and blacks employed in clearing and logging his land; he himself assumed the blanket coat and axe, slept upon the bare earth, cooked three meals a day for twenty woodsmen, cleaned his own boots, washed his own linen, milked his own cows, churned the butter, and made and baked the bread. In this latter branch of household economy he became very expert, and still piques himself on it. To all these heterogenous functions of sowing and reaping, felling and planting, frying, boiling, washing and wringing, brewing and baking, he added another, even more extraordinary—for many years he solemnized all the marriages in his district. Besides natural obstacles, he met with others far more trying to his temper and patience. ‘He had continual quarrels,’ says Dr. Dunlop, ‘with the successive governors, who were jealous of the independent power he exercised in his own territory, and every means were used to annoy him here, and misrepresent his proceedings at home; but he stood firm, and by an occasional visit to the colonial office in England, he opened the eyes of ministers to the proceedings of both parties, and for a while averted the danger. At length, some five years ago, finding the enemy was getting too strong for him, he repaired once more to England, and returned in triumph with an order from the colonial office, that nobody was in any way to interfere with his proceedings; and he has now the pleasure of contemplating some hundreds of miles of the best roads in the province, closely settled on each side by the most prosperous families within its bounds, who owe all they possess to his judgment, enthusiasm, and perseverance, and who are grateful to him in proportion to the benefits he has bestowed upon them, though in many instances sorely against their will at the time.’ The original grant must have been much extended; for the territory now under Colonel Talbot’s management, and bearing the general name of the Talbot country, contains, according to the list I have in his own hand-writing, twenty-eight townships, and about 650,000 acres of land, of which 98,700 are cleared and cultivated. The inhabitants, including the population of the towns, amounted to about 50,000. ‘You see,’ said he, gaily, ‘I may boast, like the Irishman in the farce, of having peopled a whole country with my own hands.’ He has built his tower, like the eagle his eyry, on a bold cliff overhanging the lake. It is a long wooden building, chiefly of rough logs, with a covered porch running along the south side. Here I found suspended, among sundry implements of husbandry, one of those ferocious animals of the feline kind, called here the cat-a-mountain, and by some the American tiger, or panther, which it more resembles. This one, which had been killed in its attack on the fold or poultry-yard, was at least four feet in length, and glared at me from the rafters above ghastly and horrible. The farm consists of six hundred acres. He has sixteen acres of orchard-ground, and has a garden of more than two acres, very neatly laid out and enclosed, and in which he evidently took exceeding pride and pleasure. He described the appearance of the spot when he first came here as contrasted with its present appearance. I told him of the surmises of the people relative to his early life and his motives for emigrating, at which he laughed. ‘Charlevoix,’ said he, ‘was, I believe, the true cause of my coming to this place. You know he calls this the “Paradise of the Hurons.” Now I was resolved to get to paradise by hook or by crook, and so I came here.’ He added more seriously, ‘I have accomplished what I resolved to do—it is done; but I would not, if any one was to offer me the universe, go through again the horrors I have undergone in forming this settlement. But do not imagine I repent it; I like my retirement.’” He lived long enough to see the prosperity of his settlement fully assured. For many years prior to his death it appears to have been his cherished desire to bequeath his large estate to one of the male descendants of the Talbot family, and with this view he invited one of his sister’s sons, Julius Airey, to come over from England and reside with him at Port Talbot, which he did, but rusticating without companions or equals in either birth or education did not suit him, so he returned to England. Some years later a younger brother of Julius’, Colonel Airey, military secretary at the Horse Guards, came out with his family to reside at Port Talbot. The uncle and nephew could not get on together, so the uncle determined to leave Canada, and to end his days in the old world. He transferred the Port Talbot estate, valued at £10,000, together with 13,000 acres of land in the adjoining township of Aldborough, to Colonel Airey. Acting on his determination to leave Canada, he started, in his eightieth year, for Europe. He was accompanied on the voyage by George McBeth. Colonel Talbot remained in London somewhat more than a year, but finding London life somewhat distasteful to him, he once more bade adieu to society, and repaired to Canada, where he died on the 6th, and was buried on the 9th of February, 1853, leaving his estate, valued at £50,000, to George McBeth, and an annuity of £20 to Jeffrey Hunter’s widow. He was interred in the churchyard at Tyrconnel. A plate on the oaken coffin bore the simple inscription:

We take leave of our worthy hero, in the words of an English song-writer: —

Barrett, M., B.A., M.D.—The late Dr. Barrett, who died on the 26th February, 1887, at Toronto, was the son of an English barrister, and was born in London, England, on 16th May, 1816. He was educated at Caen, Normandy, France. Coming to Canada in 1833 he engaged in the fishery business in the Georgian Bay, where he owned a fishing station and a vessel. In the spring of 1837 he accepted a position in a school at Newmarket. On the breaking out of the rebellion he joined the Queen’s Rangers, in which he filled the post of quartermaster of the regiment. Shortly after this he was married to Ellen McCallum, a sister of C. McCallum, of London. When the Queen’s Rangers disbanded he went to the Southern States, where he remained for three years. Returning to Toronto he was offered and accepted the position of second English master in the Upper Canada College, and was afterwards promoted to the position of first English master in the same institution. While pursuing his important duties in connection with the college, Dr. Barrett took a double course in the University of Toronto, and succeeding in obtaining the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Medicine. He was after this added to the professoriate of Rolph’s Medical School, which was subsequently merged into the Toronto School of Medicine. After being connected with the college for over thirty years, he was pensioned by the government. Up to the time of his death he was a lecturer in the Toronto School of Medicine, the Veterinary College, and the Women’s Medical School. His name is prominently connected with the latter school as one of the principal promoters of its institution and most ardent and active workers for its success. Dr. Barrett was a man of exceptional intellectual attainments and occupied an eminent and enviable position in his profession. He was highly esteemed by the members of the medical profession, and loved and respected by many friends.

Nettleton, John, Mayor of Collingwood, Simcoe county, Ontario, was born at Lofthouse, Yorkshire, England, on the 12th of November, 1832, his father, William Nettleton, and grandfather before him, carrying on the business of merchant tailors in that village. After learning the business with his father, Mr. Nettleton, jr., worked at the trade in the following places, viz.: Leeds, London, Manchester and Liverpool, and at the latter place he was married to Elizabeth Boardman Womersley, on the 9th May, 1853, in St. Peter’s Church. On the 4th of April, 1857, he and his wife and one child emigrated to Canada, arriving in Toronto on the 23rd of the same month. After staying there and at Markham village for a short time, he finally settled down in Collingwood, then a town only in its infancy. In 1859 he commenced business for himself, and has lived there continuously ever since. In 1867 he was elected by acclamation as town councillor for the Centre ward, and for sixteen years he has held the position of either councillor or deputy reeve. He was elected to the mayoralty in 1886, and re-elected in 1887. He has been connected with and has taken an active part in almost everything that has been advanced for the improvement of the town since the time he took up his abode in it. In February, 1862, he was initiated into Free Masonry, in Manitou lodge, No. 90, G.R.C., and after having passed through all the subordinate offices, he was elected Master in 1867, which position he held for two years. After being out for a short time, he subsequently was re-elected, and held the office for three years more. In 1870 he was appointed by the Grand Lodge of Canada a grand steward; in 1873 he was elected grand registrar, and in 1879 district deputy grand master for the Georgian district, which position he held for two years. He was also the means of instituting Caledonia lodge, No. 249, Angus, and Granite lodge, No. 352, Parry Sound. In both instances he was elected their first master, and now holds the position of honorary member in each lodge. He was also presented by these lodges with a full set of Grand Lodge regalia, in recognition of his services. In Royal Arch masonry he has taken the same interest as in the Blue lodge, having been elected first principal Z in Manitou chapter, No. 27, which office he has held for several years. He is also past eminent commander of Hurontario Encampment of Knights Templars, and was elected honorary member of Mount Calvary Preceptory, No. 12, G.R.C., Barrie. He has also taken an active part in other benevolent societies as well as Masonic, and was mainly instrumental in organizing the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Select Knights, and also the Sons of England Benevolent Society, in all of which he was their first master. Mr. Nettleton has also taken an active part in every political movement that has taken place in the county during his residence in Collingwood, and has always worked for and voted with the Liberal-Conservative party. He is a member of the Church of England and has held the position of church warden in All Saints’ Church. His family consists of eight children, six boys and two girls, the former all being grown up and established in business.

Fowler, Rev. Robert.—Rev. Mr. Fowler was born in Chester, England, in 1823, and died in London, Ontario, on the 4th March, 1887. He first acquired the training of an apothecary and then studied medicine, graduating with the degree of M.R.C.S. Subsequently he became a Methodist minister, and began to preach in 1853, filling many posts in the Toronto Conference. Afterwards he was appointed to the Ingersoll circuit in the London Conference, thence going to Clinton, Listowel, and lastly to London West. Three years before his death he was superannuated on account of ill-health, and took up his residence in London. Rev. Dr. Fowler was a man of ability and originality, with a strong sense of duty which he faithfully laboured to fulfil, and was highly respected by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance.

McEachran, Professor Duncan McNab, F.R.C.V.S., Principal of Montreal Veterinary College, chief inspector of stock, &c., was born at Campbeltown, Argyleshire, Scotland, on the 27th of October, 1841. He is the oldest son of the late David McEachran, who for many years was a member of the town council, and for five years preceding his death was senior bailie of Campbeltown. The family is one of the oldest in Kintyre, descended from McEachran of Killellan and Penygowan. The Ionic cross of Campbeltown, one of the oldest in Scotland, bears the names of Edward and Malcolm McEachran, and the family tombstones, which are found within the ruins of the old church of St. Kiarian, date back as far as the fourteenth century. David McEachran is also buried here. Duncan received his earlier education in the schools of his native place, and at the age of seventeen entered in his professional studies at Edinburgh, under the late Professor Dick. In the autumn of 1862, he came to Canada, and took up his abode in Woodstock, Ontario, where he practised his profession for nearly three years with marked success, at the same time being engaged during part of the winter in giving lectures at Toronto, and by this means rendered valuable service in the establishment of the Veterinary College in that city. During his residence in Woodstock, he contributed in various ways to the advancement of his profession, by lectures at farmers’ meetings, by contributions to the agricultural press, and by the publication of a manual of veterinary science. The work on the “Canadian Horse and his Diseases,” under the joint editorship of himself and his friend, Professor Andrew Smith, of the Toronto Veterinary College, soon ran through two editions, and although a third edition is now called for, Professor McEachran will not consent to its issue, as he fondly hopes to find time in the near future, to publish a larger work on the same subject. In 1866, he left Ontario and settled in Montreal, but before he left for that city, the Board of Agriculture for Upper Canada passed a very complimentary resolution, expressing regret at his departure, and he was entertained by a large number of his friends at a public dinner at Woodstock. On his arrival in Montreal, thanks to his good reputation which had preceded him, and the influence of his numerous friends, his success was speedily assured. Through the influence of the late Major Campbell, president of the Board of Agriculture, aided by principal (now Sir) J. W. Dawson, and the late G. W. Campbell, dean of the medical faculty of McGill University, an arrangement was made for Professor McEachran to deliver a course of lectures on veterinary science, in connection with the medical school, which was the commencement of the now widely-known Montreal Veterinary College. In 1875, the present commodious college buildings were erected on Union Avenue, at the expense of the founder and principal, the government guaranteeing $1,800 per annum toward its expenses for ten years, with the privilege of sending to it thirteen French and seven English students annually free. This college is now considered the first of its kind in America, and justly ranks high, even when compared with many of the schools in Europe, owing to the appreciation of its head for thorough education. While the veterinary schools at Toronto and New York admitted students without matriculation, and graduated them in two sessions, here a matriculation is required, and the course extends over three sessions of six months each. This plan was adopted by the Montreal College before the English schools; even the Royal Veterinary College of England was led by the Montreal school in this very important matter. Professor McEachran has associated with him in teaching the learned Principal and Professors of McGill University, whose classes his students attend for collateral studies. Year by year since the establishment of this college, its progress has been most marked in the number and educational standing of the pupils, and students have been attracted to it from all parts of the United States and Canada. A veterinary medical association has been established in connection with the college, for the reading of papers and the discussion of professional and kindred subjects, and a well-furnished library, containing most of the old works, and all the new ones, embraced in veterinary literature, has been added to the college, mainly through the efforts of its energetic principal. Professor McEachran, during the past few years, has contributed many valuable articles to professional journals and the agricultural press as well as by public lectures, on his favourite theme. In 1875, he earnestly pressed upon the attention of the Dominion government, the necessity for the establishment of a quarantine system, to prevent the importation of certain cattle diseases from Europe, where they were then prevailing to a deplorable extent. Acting on his advice, the government created, in April, 1876, a quarantine station at Point Levis, Quebec, and made the professor chief inspector for the Dominion, and this position he still continues to occupy. In January, 1879, he was sent by the Dominion government to the United States, to investigate the lung-plague—pleuro-pneumonia—and visited New York, Long Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and the district of Columbia; and on his return he reported the prevalence of this serious disease in all the states he had visited. The result was that shortly afterwards an embargo was placed on the importation of cattle from the United States to Canada and Great Britain, requiring that they should be slaughtered at the port of debarkation, within fourteen days after landing. This action of the British government entailed a heavy loss on cattle exported from the United States, but Canada, owing to her freedom from the diseases, and the perfect condition of her quarantine system, became a gainer in proportion to a large amount. Professor McEachran’s name will ever be associated with the early history of the export cattle trade of Canada, as one, who at the proper moment gave sound advice to the government, which, being promptly acted upon, helped in these early days to assist a trade that has since grown to vast proportions. The efficiency of the quarantine for cattle under his management has been thoroughly tested on two occasions, viz., 1885, when the contagious disease, “foot and mouth,” or vessicular epizootic, was twice brought into the quarantine from Great Britain, so thorough was the quarantine that not only did it not extend beyond, but it did not even affect any other cattle, of which there were several hundreds within the enclosure. The prompt and effective manner in which pleuro-pneumonia was dealt with in 1886, when that fell destroyer was imported in a herd of Galloways, proved beyond doubt the efficiency of the quarantine, and the ability of the inspectors to deal with contagious diseases. If Canada to-day is free from contagious disease, it is due in a great measure to his energy and knowledge of disease. In acknowledgment of his professional attainments he was elected one of the original Fellows of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, on that body being raised to the rank of a university in 1875, being the only one in Canada on whom that honour was conferred. He has been intimately connected with the cattle ranching business in the district of Alberta, Senator Cochrane and he being the pioneers in that business on a large scale in Canada. Together they visited Alberta in 1881, going via the Missouri river to Fort Benton, thence driving across the plains to where Calgary is now built. On his return he published a series of interesting letters, being a narrative of his trip, and description of the country. He was vice-president of the Cochrane Ranche Co. till 1883, when he became general manager of the Walrond Cattle Ranche Co., of which Sir John Walrond, Bart., is president, and which is now the largest and one of the most successful ranches in Canada. Professor McEachran was married on the 9th of June, 1868, to Esther, youngest daughter of the late Timothy Plaskett, Esq., St. Croix, West Indian Islands, to whom two children were born, viz., Evelyn Victoria, born 24th May, 1869, who died May, 1874, and Jeanie Blackney, born 19th September, 1871. In politics, Professor McEachran is a Conservative, but in consequence of his devotion to professional work he has never taken a very active part in politics. He served in the militia force for ten years as Veterinary Surgeon to the Montreal Field Battery of Artillery. He became a justice of the peace in 1886, with jurisdiction over the entire Province of Quebec.

Holmes, Hon. Simon H., Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, Halifax, was born near Springville, East River township, Pictou county, N.S., on the 30th July, 1831. His father, Hon. John Holmes, came from Ross-shire, Scotland, where he was born in 1783, to Nova Scotia, and settled in the province in 1803, and represented Pictou county in the Nova Scotia legislature, from 1839 to 1847, and from 1851 to 1855, and was called to the Legislative Council in 1858. At the time of Confederation in 1867 he was made a member of the Senate of the Dominion of Canada. His mother, Catherine Fraser, was a native of Nova Scotia. Simon H. Holmes received his educational training at the New Glasgow Grammar School and at the Pictou Academy. He adopted law as a profession, and studied in the office of the Hon. James McDonald, now chief justice of Nova Scotia, and was called to the bar of Nova Scotia in August, 1864. He practised for a number of years as a barrister in Pictou, and during that time acquired the honourable distinction of being a logical and able speaker, and one who always made a favourable impression on a jury. Mr. Holmes entered political life in 1867, and yet though he failed to carry Pictou county at the general election of that year, he was successful in 1871; and in 1874 he was re-elected by acclamation, and chosen leader of the opposition. After the contest in 1878, he was called upon to form an administration, of which he became premier and provincial secretary, which position he occupied during the four years following, when he accepted the office of prothonotary of the Supreme Court for Halifax, which office he now holds. Hon. Mr. Holmes was for twenty-four years editor and proprietor of the Colonial Standard, Pictou, an outspoken Liberal-Conservative paper, which he conducted with marked ability, and which exercised a great influence in shaping the politics of the province. When quite a young man he took an active interest in the volunteer movement, and rose to the rank of captain; subsequently he held the same rank in the militia, and was, before severing his connection with the corps on entering public life, promoted to the rank of major.

Archibald, Hon. Sir Adams Geo., K.C.M.G., D.C.L., P.C., Q.C., ex-Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia. This illustrious statesman was born at Truro, Nova Scotia, on the 18th May, 1814. His father was Samuel Archibald, grandson of one of two brothers who came from the North of Ireland, though of Scottish descent, settled at Truro, Colchester county, N.S., in 1761, and both of whom married and had families, and from these brothers sprung most of the families of that name now scattered over the Maritime and other provinces of the Dominion, some of whom honoured the liberal professions, and filled nearly every position of responsibility and trust in the legislature and government of Nova Scotia. His grandfather, James Archibald, was, on the 23rd June, 1796, appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Colchester, Nova Scotia, and held this position till his death. The mother of Sir Adams Archibald was Elizabeth, daughter of Matthew Archibald, who was appointed coroner of Colchester in 1776, and represented Truro in the local parliament for many years. Adams George Archibald was educated at Pictou College under the late Dr. McCulloch, who had at that time the training of many young men who now fill various high positions in public life. He studied law in Halifax in the office of the late William Sutherland, afterwards recorder of the city; was admitted in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island as an attorney in 1838, and as barrister to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1839; and for many years practised his profession successfully both at Truro and Halifax, during which time he filled some very important positions. In 1851 he entered public life, and was elected to represent the county of Colchester in the Nova Scotia assembly, and sat as such until 1859, when the county was divided, and he was returned for South Colchester, which constituency he continued to represent until Confederation in 1867. During three years he occupied prominent positions in the government of Nova Scotia. In 1856 he was appointed solicitor-general of his native province, and in 1857 was sent as a delegate, in company with the late Hon. J. W. Johnstone, to England to arrange the terms of settlement with the British government and the General Mining Association, in regard to the mines of the province, and to ascertain the views of that government on the question of the union of the provinces. And one of the happy results of their labours was to effect a settlement of a long standing dispute between the province and the company, whereby certain collieries were allotted to the company on their surrendering all other collieries and all mines and minerals to the province, except the coal in the areas so allotted. In 1860 he was made attorney-general, and the following year (1861), he was a delegate to the Quebec Conference to discuss the question of an Intercolonial Railway. In 1862 he was appointed advocate-general of the Vice-Admiralty Court. Mr. Archibald being one of the foremost among the advocates of Confederation, he attended as a delegate the Charlottetown Union Conference in June, 1864; the Quebec Conference, held a few months later in the same year, and the final conference held in London (England), during the winter of 1866-7 to complete the terms of confederation. In 1867 he was made secretary of state for the provinces in the Dominion government. In 1869 he was elected to a seat in the Dominion parliament at Ottawa, by the county of Colchester, but resigned the next year (1870), on his being appointed lieutenant-governor of Manitoba and the North-West Territories. In 1872 he was created a companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George by her Majesty the Queen for his services in Manitoba, and in 1886 was advanced a step in the order, being created K.C.M.G. On his return from the North-West he was appointed, on the 24th June, 1873, judge in equity for Nova Scotia; but only held the office until the 4th of the next month, when, on the death of the late lieutenant-governor, Joseph Howe, he was appointed lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, and this high office he filled with great dignity and satisfaction to all concerned from the 4th July, 1873, to 4th July, 1883, when he was succeeded by Mr. Matthew Henry Richey. Governor Archibald was one of the directors of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1873; and in 1884 he was chosen chairman of the Board of Governors of Dalhousie College; and in 1885 he was elected president of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, of which he has been an active member from the time of its formation in 1878 to the present. In conclusion, we may add that the Hon. Mr. Archibald is a man of broad views and generous impulses, and a statesman whom the country is pleased to honour. In religious matters he has followed in the footsteps of his ancestors, and is a staunch Presbyterian. He was married on the 1st June, 1840, to Elizabeth Archibald, daughter of the Rev. John Burnyeat, an able and accomplished Anglican divine, the first clergyman of the Church of England, in the parish of St. John, Colchester, whose wife was Livinia, daughter of Charles Dickson, and sister of Elizabeth, wife of the late Hon. S. G. W. Archibald, and mother of the late Sir Thomas and Sir Edward Archibald.

McCaul, Rev. John, D.D., late President of University College, Toronto, was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1807, and died at Toronto, on the 16th of April, 1887, in the eighty-first year of his age. He was educated at Trinity College in his native city, and after a very successful university career, graduated with the highest honours in classics. At the request of the authorities of Trinity College, he for some time filled the post of classical tutor and examiner in that institution. While occupying this position, he devoted himself passionately to the pursuit of classical literature, and edited several editions of recognized value of various Greek and Latin texts. In 1838, Dr. Harley, then archbishop of Canterbury, hearing of his repute as a scholar, offered him the principalship of Upper Canada College, in Toronto, and Mr. McCaul having accepted the office, entered upon its duties the following year. In 1843, he became the president and professor of classics, logic, rhetoric and belles-lettres in King’s College, which by the Act of 1849, became the University of Toronto, and was freed forever from sectarian control. From that time up to the date of his retirement, some years ago, from all literary work, Dr. McCaul uninterruptedly filled the chair of classics in the university, of which for some years he was also the president. While zealously maintaining the pre-eminence of his own department, he actively assisted in introducing into the university curriculum the subjects of modern languages and natural sciences. His individual work is seen on every hand in the distinguished men who are to be found in every part of the province, and who cheerfully acknowledge their indebtedness to the late lamented president of University College, for the accuracy and thoroughness of their academic training. Among the works which have been issued from Dr. McCaul’s pen are exhaustive treatises on the Greek Tragic Metres and the Horatian Metres; on the Scansion of the Hecuba and Medea of Euripides; lectures on Homer and Virgil; an edition of Longinus, of selections from Lucian and Thucydides. His edition of the Satires and Epistles of Horace has long been looked upon as a standard one of this favourite author. His researches in Greek and Roman Epigraphy, and his work on “Britanno-Roman Inscriptions,” and “The Christian Epitaphs of the First Six Centuries,” entitle him to take high rank among the greatest classical scholars which the century has produced. Dr. McCaul married in 1840, Emily, the second daughter of the late Hon. Justice Jones. His wife, three sons and three daughters survive him.

Cross, Hon. Alexander, Judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench, Montreal, was born on a farm situated on the banks of the Clyde, in Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 22nd of March, 1821, and came to Montreal with his parents when only a boy of five years of age. His father, Robert Cross, was a gentleman farmer, and was a scion of the Cross family who for many generations lived in Old Monklands, and were among the well-to-do farmers in that part of Scotland. His mother, Janet Selkirk, was from an adjoining parish. Mr. Cross, sr., died about a year after his arrival in Canada, and this sad event rendered it necessary for the family to remove to a farm on the Chateauguay river, the land on which the celebrated battle of that name was fought between a handful of Canadian militia and a strong force of United States troops—the Canadians coming off victorious—during the war of 1812-14. Alexander, who was the youngest son of the family, as he grew up to manhood, showed a strong leaning towards literary pursuits instead of towards agriculture; and in his laudable desire for knowledge he was encouraged by his elder brother, who had been educated for the Scottish bar, and who, while he lived, helped him in every way possible to gratify his literary aspirations. In 1837, at the age of sixteen, he left the farm and went to Montreal to study. Here he entered the Montreal College as a pupil, but after being a short time in this institution he found the classes did not progress fast enough to suit his restless craving for knowledge, when he left and put himself under private tutors. He also entered the office of John J. Day, of Montreal, to study law; and the rebellion at this time breaking out, he enlisted as a volunteer in Colonel Maitland’s battalion, and served in this corps until the close of the rebellion in 1838, retiring with the rank of sergeant. When the rebels were defeated at Beauharnois, Sergeant Cross was among the first to enter the village. And in this connection we may say that while a law student he was chosen clerk of the first municipal council of the county of Beauharnois, then embracing three or four times its present area, and so well did he perform his duties at the first meeting of the council that he was highly complimented for the ability he displayed, by such gentlemen as Lord Selkirk and Edward Gibbon Wakefield, who were guests at the Seigniory house, staying there to observe the working of the new institution. Mr. Cross was called to the bar in 1844, and practised his profession in Montreal more than thirty years, at first with the late Duncan Fisher, Q.C., and subsequently with Attorney-General Smith (who afterwards became the Hon. Judge Smith). During this long period Mr. Cross had an extensive and remunerative practice, and on several occasions he represented the Crown while connected with the distinguished gentlemen mentioned above. During the administration of Viscount Monck, in 1864, he was created a Queen’s counsel. On the 30th of August, 1877, he was appointed one of the judges of the Queen’s Bench for the province of Quebec, and took his seat the first of the following month, at a session of the court held in the city of Quebec. Judge Cross, while in practice at the bar, held a foremost position among the legal fraternity. On the bench he has met the expectations of his many admirers, and his judicial opinions have been received by the Supreme Court and the Privy Council with marked consideration. He has been identified with Montreal since his boyhood days, and has seen the great progress that city has made since he first entered it at his mother’s side. In 1837-8, as we have seen, he helped to quell the rebellion, and in 1849 he was present at the burning of the parliament houses incident on the passing of the Rebellion Losses Bill, and assisted the late Sir Louis H. Lafontaine and some others of the notable politicians of that day in making their escape from the burning building, escorting them unmolested through the turbulent crowd of rioters, among whom he exercised a certain amount of influence. Judge Cross seems always to have had an aversion to public life, and even in his younger days when he was offered political positions of honour, he always declined them. In 1863 he was offered by the Liberal government then in power the position of secretary to the commission for the codification of the laws of Canada, and at a later date the office of attorney-general in the de Boucherville administration, but he refused to accept either of these important offices. He has, nevertheless, suggested and assisted in framing legislative measures of general utility, among which may be mentioned the first statute passed in Canada for the abolition of the Usury laws. He is also the inventor of a new and ingenious method of rotation of numbers. In politics the judge leans to the Liberal side, and his ideas, as well on the subject of finance as on the theory of the popular principle in the election of representatives, are noted for their originality and depth of thought. In religion he is a member of St. Andrew’s (Presbyterian) Church, and has been an office bearer in that church. He is a man of good impulses, and is very generous to the poor. In 1848 he married Julia, daughter of the late William Lunn, in his day a prominent citizen of Montreal, and they have five sons and one daughter living, and have buried three children, the last, an exceedingly promising youth, in his sixteenth year.

Baillairgé, Chevalier Chas. P. F., M.S., Quebec. The subject of this who is a Chevalier of the Order of St. Sauveur de Monte Reale, Italy, was born in September, 1827, and for the past forty years has been practising his profession as an engineer, architect and surveyor, in the city of Quebec. Since 1856 he has been a member of the Board of Examiners of Land Surveyors for the province, and since 1875 its chairman; he is an honorary member of the Society for the Generalization of Education in France; and has been the recipient of thirteen medals of honour and of seventeen diplomas, etc., from learned societies and public bodies in France, Belgium, Italy, Russia, Japan, etc. Mr. Baillairgé’s father, who died in 1865, at the age of sixty-eight, was born in Quebec, and for over thirty years was road surveyor of that city. His mother, Charlotte Janverin Horsley, who is still living, was born in the Isle of Wight, England, and was a daughter of Lieutenant Horsley, R.N. His grandfather on the paternal side, P. Florent Baillairgé, is of French descent, and was connected, now nearly a century ago, with the restoration of the Basilica, Quebec. The wife of the latter was Cureux de St. Germain, also of French descent. Our subject married, in 1845, Euphémie, daughter of Mr. Jean Duval, and step-daughter of the Hon. John Duval, for many years chief justice of Lower Canada, by whom he had eleven children, four of whom only survive. His wife dying in February, 1878, he, in April of the following year, married Anne, eldest daughter of Captain Benjamin Wilson, of the British navy, by whom he has two sons and a daughter. Mr. Baillairgé was educated at the Seminary of Quebec, but, finding the curriculum of studies too lengthy, he left that institution some time before the termination of the full course of ten years, and entered into a joint apprenticeship as architect, engineer and surveyor. During this apprenticeship he devoted himself to mathematical and natural science studies, and received diplomas for his proficiency in 1848, when only twenty-one years of age. At that period he entered upon his profession, and for the last twenty years has filled the post of city engineer of Quebec, manager of its water works, engineer of its new water works under the Beemer contract of 1883; engineer, on the part of the city, in and over the North Shore, Piles and Lake St. John railways during their construction. Mr. Baillairgé has held successive commissions in the militia, as ensign, lieutenant, and captain; and in 1860, and for several years thereafter, was hydrographic surveyor to the Quebec Board of Harbour Commissioners. In 1861 he was elected vice-president of the Association of Architects and Civil Engineers of Canada. In 1858 he was elected, and again in 1861 unanimously re-elected, to represent the St. Louis ward in the City Council, Quebec. In 1863 he was called for two years to Ottawa, to act as joint architect of the Parliament and Departmental buildings then in course of erection. Interests of considerable magnitude were then at stake between the government and the contractors, claims amounting to nearly half a million of money having to be adjusted. In connection with his employment by the government, Mr. Baillairgé found that to continue his services he must be a party to some sacrifice of principle, which, rather than consent to, he was indiscreet enough to tell the authorities of the time. This excess of virtue was too moral for the appointing power and more than it was disposed to brook in an employé of the government. The difficulty was, therefore, got over by giving Mr. Baillairgé his feuille de route, a compliment to his integrity of which he has ever since been justly proud. He shortly afterwards returned to Quebec. During his professional career, Mr. Baillairgé designed and erected numerous private residences in and around Quebec, as well as many public buildings, including the Asylum and the Church of the Sisters of Charity, the Laval University building, the new Gaol, Music Hall, several churches, both in the city and in the adjoining parishes—that of Ste. Marie, Beauce, being much admired on account of the beauty and regularity of its interior. The “Monument des Braves de 1760” was erected in 1860, on the Ste. Foye road, after a design by him and under his superintendence. The government, the clergy and others have often availed themselves of his services in arbitration on knotty questions of technology, disputed boundaries, builders’ claims, surveys and reports on various subjects. In 1872, Mr. Baillairgé suggested, and in 1878 designed and carried out what is now known as the Dufferin Terrace, Quebec, a structure some 1,500 feet in length, overlooking the St. Lawrence from a height of 182 feet, and built along the face of the cliff under the Citadel. This terrace was inaugurated in 1878 by their Excellencies the Marquis of Lorne and H.R.H. the Princess Louise, who pronounced it a splendid achievement. In 1873 Mr. Baillairgé designed and built the aqueduct bridge over the St. Charles river, the peculiarity about which is that the structure forms an arch as does the aqueduct pipe it encloses, whereby, in case of the destruction of the surrounding wood-work by fire, the pipe being self-supporting, the city may not be deprived of water while re-constructing the frost-protecting tunnel enclosure. At the age of seventeen the subject of our sketch built a double cylindered steam carriage for traffic on ordinary roads. From 1848 to 1865 he delivered a series of lectures, in the old Parliament buildings and elsewhere, on astronomy, light, steam and the steam engine, pneumatics, acoustics, geometry, the atmosphere, and other kindred subjects, under the patronage of the Canadian and other institutes; and in 1872, in the rooms of the Literary and Historical Society, Quebec, under the auspices of that institution, he delivered an exhaustive lecture on geometry, mensuration, and the stereometricon (a mode of cubing all solids by one and the same rule, thus reducing the study and labour of a year to that of a day or an hour), which he had then but recently invented, and for which he was made honorary member of several learned societies, and received the numerous medals and diplomas already alluded to. The following letter from the Ministry of Public Instruction, Russia, is worthy of insertion as explanatory of the advantages of the stereometricon:

And the Quebec Mercury of the 10th July, 1878, has the following in relation to a second letter from the same source: “It will be remembered that in February, 1877, Mr. Baillairgé received an official letter from the Minister of Public Instruction, of St. Petersburg, Russia, informing him that his new system of mensuration had been adopted in all the primary and medium schools of that vast empire. After a lapse of eighteen months, the system having been found to work well, Mr. Baillairgé has received an additional testimonial from the same source, informing him that the system is to be applied in all the polytechnic schools of the Russian empire.” Mr. Baillairgé has since that time given occasional lectures in both languages on industrial art and design, and on other interesting and instructive topics, and is now engaged on a dictionary or dictionaries of the consonances of both the French and English languages. In 1866 he wrote his treatise on geometry and trigonometry, plane and spherical, with mathematical tables—a volume of some 900 pages octavo, and has since edited several works and pamphlets on like subjects. In his work on geometry, which, by the way, is written in the French language, Mr. Baillairgé has, by a process explained in the preface, reduced to fully half their number the two hundred and odd propositions of the first six books of Euclid, while deducing and retaining all the conclusions arrived at by the great geometer. Mr. Baillairgé, moreover, shows the practical use and adaptation of problems and theorems which might otherwise appear to be of doubtful utility, as of the ratio between the tangent, whole secant, and part of the secant without the circle, in the laying out of railroad and other curves running through given points, and numerous other examples. His treatment of spherics and of the affections of the sides and angles is, in many respects, novel, and more easy of apprehension by the general student. In a note at foot of page 330, Mr. Baillairgé shows the fallacy of Thorpe’s pretended solution of the trisection of an angle, at which the poor man had laboured for thirty-four years, and takes the then government to task for granting Mr. Thorpe a patent for the discovery. In February, 1874, he visited Europe, and it was on the 15th of March of that year that he received his first laurels at the “Grand Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers,” Paris. Some of Mr. Baillairgé’s annual reports on civic affairs are very interesting and instructive; that of 1878, on “The Municipal Situation,” is particularly worthy of perusal. His report of 1872 was more especially sought after by almost every city engineer in Canada and the United States, on account of the varied information it conveyed. It may also be remembered, as illustrative of the versatility of his talent and of his humouristic turn of mind, that a comedy, “Le Diable Devenu Cuisinier,” written by him in the French language, was, in 1873, played in the Music Hall, Quebec, and again in the Salle Jacques Cartier, Quebec, by the Maugard Company, then in the city, to the great merriment of all present. Nor will the members of “Le Club des 21,” composed as it is of the literati, scientists and artists of Quebec, under the presidency of the Count of Premio Real, consul-general of Spain for Canada, soon forget how, in March, 1879, Mr. Baillairgé, in a paper read at one of the sittings of the club, around a well-spread board, successively portrayed and hit off the peculiarities of each and every member of the club, and of the count himself, while at the same time doing full justice to the abilities of all. Mr. Baillairgé is a close and industrious worker, devoting fourteen hours out of the twenty-four to his professional calling, and again robbing the night for the time to pursue his literary and scientific pursuits. In politics, if he may be said to have any, he is inclined to liberalism, but he is of too independent a character to be tied to a party, preferring to treat each question on its merits, irrespective of its promoters. The subject of this sketch is brother to G. F. Baillairgé, deputy minister of Public Works of the Dominion, and grand nephew to François Baillairgé, an eminent painter and sculptor “de l’Académie Royale de Peinture et Sculpture, France,” who carved some of the statues in the Basilica, and whose studio in St. Louis street, Quebec (the quaint old one-story building, now Campbell’s livery stable), was at that time so often visited by Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria, during his sojourn in Quebec. A portrait of Mr. Baillairgé, accompanied by a brief biographical notice, appeared in “L’Opinion Publique,” of the 25th April, 1878. The “Rivista Universale,” of Italy, also published his portrait and a biographical sketch of Mr. Baillairgé’s career in February of 1878. Since 1879 Mr. Baillairgé has been the recipient of the following additional testimonials:

In July, 1882, Mr. Baillairgé was unanimously elected president of the newly incorporated body of Land Surveyors and Engineers of the province of Quebec, which position he continued to fill till 1885.

Gilpin, Rev. Edwin, D.D., Senior Canon of St. Luke’s Cathedral and Archdeacon of Nova Scotia, Halifax. This learned divine was born in Aylesford, Nova Scotia, on the 10th of June, 1821. His parents were Edwin and Eliza Gilpin. On his father’s side he is descended from a long line of illustrious ancestors, among others Richard De Guylpyn, to whom in 1206 the Baron of Kendal gave the manor of Kentmore, in Westmoreland, England. There fourteen generations of the family lived, and there was born, in 1517, Bernard Gilpin, well known as the “Apostle of the North.” The manor was lost in consequence of the loyalty of the family to King Charles the First. The Rev. Edwin Gilpin, the subject of our sketch, was educated at King’s College, Windsor, N.S., and in 1847 received the degree of B.A., in 1850 the degree of M.A., in 1853 that of B.D., and in 1863 the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him. In 1848 he received the appointment of master of the Halifax Grammar School; then he was made master of the Halifax High School, and then followed his promotion to the principalship of the Halifax Academy. In 1864 he was inducted as canon of St. Luke’s Cathedral (Episcopal); and in 1874 he was made archdeacon. He has taken an active interest in education, and done a good deal to place the public schools of his native province on a satisfactory footing. Rev. Mr. Gilpin is a firm adherent of the Church of England, and belongs to the so-called High Church party. He is married to Amelia, daughter of the late Hon. Justice Haliburton, of Windsor, N.S., who is well known as an author under the nom de plume of “Sam Slick.” Rev. Mr. Gilpin’s eldest son is a gentleman of considerable literary ability, and has prepared for and read before the North British Society of Engineers and the Royal Society of Canada, papers on the mining industries of the Dominion.

Lambly, William Harwood, Registrar of the County of Megantic, Inverness, Province of Quebec, was born on the 1st December, 1839, at Halifax, Megantic county, Quebec, and has resided in the same county ever since. His parents were John Robert Lambly and Anne Mackie. Mr. Lambly, senr., was for nearly twenty years registrar of deeds for the county of Megantic, and his father, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch, was for more than a quarter of a century harbour master of the port of Quebec, and in his day published a complete guide, with descriptive charts, of the river St. Lawrence, from Quebec to the Gulf. The family removed, when William was a child, to Leeds, in which place he lived until 1861, when the chef-lieu of the county was established at Inverness, whither he removed. He commenced his education in the village school, then attended the seminary at Newport, Vermont, and afterwards took a special course at Victoria College, Cobourg, Ontario, including some branches of the higher mathematics, French, and the classics. In 1862 he was appointed registrar of the county of Megantic by the Hon. Charles Stanley, Viscount Monck, then governor-general of Canada, and has held the office ever since. He has been returning officer at every election in the county, local and federal, since that time, and although many of the elections have been contested, no complaint has ever been made of partiality or irregularity. He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1863, and has held the appointment ever since. Since that time he has tried over two hundred cases, many of them being for infractions of the license law, and no judgment of his has ever been set aside on certiorari or appeal. He is also a commissioner of the Superior Court, and a commissioner per dedimus potestatem. He was elected a municipal councillor for Inverness on an anti-license ticket, in 1866, by a large majority, and was appointed mayor of the township at the first meeting of the council thereafter, and continued in the office of mayor during his term of office as councillor. In 1868 he declined re-election, and was appointed secretary-treasurer of the council, and also of the school commissioners of Inverness, and has held these offices ever since. Under the Dominion License Act of 1863, he was appointed first commissioner of the county of Megantic, and then president of the license board and by his vote and influence not a single license was issued in the county from the time he became president of the board until the law was declared ultra vires, and was abandoned. He is a member of the Association of Registrars of the Province of Quebec, and in 1866 was unanimously elected president of the association, and has been re-elected unanimously in 1887. He joined the Sons of Temperance in 1855, and has held various offices in his division, and the Good Templars in 1869, and was rapidly promoted in his lodge. In 1878 he first attended the Grand Lodge of the Province of Quebec, and was unanimously elected grand worthy councillor. In the following year he was unanimously elected grand worthy chief templar of the province, and held that office by unanimous elections for seven consecutive years, declining the election for the eighth term. In 1879 he was elected representative to the Right Worthy Grand Lodge, and has since attended every session of that body. In the Right Worthy Grand Lodge he was appointed right worthy grand marshal in 1881, and again in 1882; right worthy grand messenger in 1883, and right worthy grand councillor, being the second highest position in the body, in 1885, and again in 1886, and which office he still holds, and he has this year (1887) been appointed deputy right worthy grand templar for the Province of Quebec. He was one of the representatives of the R. W. G. Lodge in Boston, in 1886, at the conference on union of all Good Templars in the world, and was one of the signers of the original basis of union. He has organised a number of Good Templar lodges in the Provinces of Quebec and Nova Scotia, and has given many lectures and addresses on temperance and prohibition in various parts of the Dominion, and in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Richmond, Va.; Charlestown, S.C., Chicago and other places. He is a vice-president of the Quebec branch of the Dominion Alliance for the total suppression of the liquor traffic, and has successfully fought and stamped out every grog shop in Inverness, although there were nearly a score of them in the place when he came there to live in 1861. He is not a politician, and never takes part in any political discussions. He has travelled considerably in Canada, having visited the chief cities from Halifax, N.S., to Sarnia, Ont., besides many of the great cities in the United States. He is a Methodist with broad Armenian views, but claims every man as a brother, no matter what church he belongs to, if he loves the Lord Jesus Christ. It will be seen that Mr. Lambly is an enthusiastic temperance man. He totally abstains from all intoxicants and narcotics, and has never tasted any kind of spirituous liquors, wine, or cider. Consequently he is an out and out prohibitionist, will never consent to license, in any shape or form, for the sale of liquors. He has an undying hate to what he calls the thrice accursed traffic in strong drink, and deals it deadly blows on every opportune occasion. He hopes to see the bright and glorious day dawn on this fair Dominion when we shall have prohibition pure and simple from the Atlantic to the Pacific. On the 25th June, 1863, he was married at Lachute, P.Q., to Isabella D. Brown, daughter of the Rev. W. D. Brown, a Methodist minister now in his 79th year, yet actively engaged preaching the gospel. The fruit of this marriage has been four sons and three daughters, one of whom died in infancy, and the two eldest sons are now studying for the ministry of the Methodist church.

Jarvis, Frederick William, late Sheriff of the county of York, Ontario, was born at Oakville, on the 10th February, 1818. His grandfather was a devoted U. E. loyalist, and after the American revolution, left the state of Connecticut for New Brunswick, from which province he afterwards moved with his family, then including as boys, the late Sheriff W. B. Jarvis of Toronto, the late Judge Jarvis of Cornwall, and the late Frederick Starr Jarvis, father of the sheriff now deceased, to Toronto, in 1808. Frederick Starr Jarvis afterwards settled at Oakville, then a wilderness, with no road through the bush, and with few of the modern appliances for the ordinary pursuits of forest life. Here William Frederick, the eldest of a family of eight sons and four daughters, was born, and here he remained on the paternal farm until 1849, when he removed to Toronto to take charge of his uncle’s business as deputy sheriff. In 1856, on the death of his uncle, he was appointed sheriff of the counties of York and Peel, and when the sheriffdom was divided he was made sheriff of York, and this office he held until his death, in Toronto, on 16th of April, 1887. During the rebellion of 1837, Sheriff Jarvis served in the Queen’s Rangers. Before coming to Toronto he married a daughter of Captain John Skynner, R.N., who, with three sons and one daughter, survive him. He was a much respected citizen, and as highly esteemed as he was well known. He filled the position of Sheriff of York—the richest shrievalty at the disposal of the Ontario government—with dignity and ability. He was a member of St. Peter’s Episcopal Church, Carlton street, in whose welfare he always took a deep interest, as well as of the Industrial School at Mimico, and of a number of city charities.

Church, Hon. Charles Edward, Commissioner of Public Works and Mines, of Nova Scotia, Halifax, was born on Tancook Island, Lunenburg county, Nova Scotia, on the 3rd of January, 1835. He is a son of Charles Lot Anthony Church, whose ancestors came to America with the Pilgrim Fathers in 1625. His great grandfather, Charles Church, was a United Empire loyalist, who left New England on the breaking out of the rebellion, and settled at Shelburne, Nova Scotia. His grandfather, Charles Lot Church, who was only five years of age when he came to Nova Scotia with his parents, on growing up into manhood, settled in Chester, Lunenburg county, Nova Scotia, and afterwards represented that county for ten years in the House of Assembly. This gentleman was one of the early Reformers of the province. His mother, Sarah Hiltz, is of German descent, her ancestors having emigrated from Germany to Lunenburg in 1753, and was amongst its first settlers. Their descendants are noted for their mechanical skill, especially in shipbuilding. Charles Edward Church, the subject of this sketch, received a fair English education at the schools in Chester and Truro, and afterwards followed for about ten years the profession of teacher. He then went into mercantile pursuits at La Have River, and for several years was interested in the fisheries. In 1871, Mr. Church was appointed a justice of the peace. He was, in 1872, elected to represent Lunenburg in the Liberal interest, in the House of Commons, at Ottawa; and again at the general election in 1874, he was returned by acclamation, and sat in the Dominion parliament until 1878. In 1882, Mr. Church was elected a member of the Nova Scotia legislature, and again in 1886, he was returned to the same position by a large majority. He was appointed provincial secretary in 1882, and held the office until 1884, when he was appointed Commissioner of Public Works and Mines, and this office he still holds. Mr. Church is a Liberal in politics, and for the past twenty years, has taken an active interest in both federal and provincial questions, and stands high as a progressive statesman. He also takes an interest in all moral reforms, and was formerly a member of the order of Sons of Temperance and of the Good Templars, and held office in the Grand Division of Sons of Temperance, of Nova Scotia, and also in the Grand Lodge of British Templars of the same province. Though not taking as warm an interest in the temperance movement as formerly, he is still a strict total abstainer. Mr. Church has travelled over a considerable portion of the Dominion of Canada, and through parts of the United States. He is a Protestant, holding broad and liberal views respecting religion as well as politics. On the 24th of June, 1884, he was married to Henrietta A. Pugsley, of Halifax. Her father, Henry Pugsley, was a native of England, and her mother a native of Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Buller, Frank, M.D., Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology in McGill University, Montreal, was born near Cobourg, Ontario, on the 4th May, 1844. He is the fourth son of Charles G. Buller, of Campbellford, Ontario, who was educated for the Church of England ministry, but, declining holy orders, came to Canada in 1831, and settled near the town of Cobourg, preferring agricultural life to any other means of earning a livelihood. His mother, Frances Elizabeth Boucher, is the second daughter of the late R. P. Boucher, of Campbellford; both his parents are still living, and have attained an advanced age. We may say that the Buller family has for centuries occupied a prominent position in the south of England, and it is a well-known fact that many of its members have distinguished themselves by their energy and ability in the service of their country. Dr. Buller received the foundation of a liberal education under the paternal roof, and subsequently continued his studies in the High School at Peterborough. Having chosen medicine as a profession, he entered the Victoria School of Medicine, of Toronto, and graduated from that institution in 1869. Shortly afterwards he went to England to perfect himself in his profession, where he soon won the diploma of membership of the Royal College of Surgeons. While in London he spent considerable time in the further study of general medicine and surgery in St. Thomas’s Hospital, and satisfied himself that there was no such thing possible as the attainment of perfection in all the branches of a science so far-reaching as that of medicine. He resolved to devote himself to the study of a specialty, having reason to believe that the medical profession in Canada would be willing to sustain any specialist who could bring evidence of having received a sufficiently thorough training to merit public confidence. Keeping this idea steadily in view, he spared no pains to become thoroughly proficient in the specialty he had chosen. At that time the renowned Von Gräfe was still living, and shedding the lustre of his great fame over the University of Berlin; Helmholtze, too, the discoverer of the ophthalmoscope, honoured the chair of physical science in the same place of learning. To receive instruction from two such men was to drink from the very source of the fountain of knowledge; and to Berlin Dr. Buller went in 1870; nor was he disappointed in his anticipations of the benefit to be derived from the instructions of these illustrious preceptors. About this time the Franco-German war broke out, and the services of every available medical man having been called for, Dr. Buller, like many other foreigners, volunteered his services; and during eight months he acted as assistant-surgeon in the military hospitals of North Germany. After the termination of the war he continued his studies in Berlin, and served for one year as assistant in the Gräfe-Ewers Ophthalmic Hospital of that city. Early in 1872 he returned to England, and was appointed clinical assistant to the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital, from which position he was promoted to the office of junior, and soon afterwards to that of senior house surgeon, a situation which he held with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of the governors and staff of that institution for nearly three years. Having thus acquired, in a few years, an amount of special knowledge and experience that under less favourable circumstances could not have been gained in a lifetime, he was prepared to take advantage of the first opportunity that offered for establishing himself in the practice of his profession. He then returned to Canada, and chose the city of Montreal as the field of his future operations. Early in 1876 he commenced practice there, and, owing to the cordial goodwill of his professional confrères, obtained a lucrative practice from the very outset. In the month of May of the same year he was appointed ophthalmic and aural surgeon to the Montreal General Hospital, and lecturer on diseases of the eye and ear in McGill University—positions which he still holds; and, judging from the past, we anticipate for him a long career of honour and great usefulness to suffering humanity. To his credit it should be said, that Dr. Buller has been the arbitrator of his own fortune, he having in a great degree bore his own expenses while securing his education. He is a good example to our Canadian youth, and shews plainly what a young man can accomplish though starting with a capital consisting only of determination and pluck. Dr. Buller, in religious matters, is an adherent of the Episcopal church, and in politics may be classed among the liberals. He married Lillie Langlois, daughter of the late Peter Langlois, of Quebec, and has a family of two children.

Willmott, James Branston, M.D.S., D.D.S., Toronto, is a native of the province of Ontario, having been born in the county of Halton, on 15th June, 1837. His parents, William and Ann Willmott, were both natives of England, but came to this country when children. After a few years’ sojourn in Little York, now Toronto, they removed with their parents to the very verge of settlement in the central part of Halton county, where they did faithfully and well their part in converting the wilderness into a fruitful field. Dr. Willmott’s early life was spent on the farm, and his education was obtained mainly at the common school in the neighbourhood. In 1854-5 he was a student in Victoria College, Cobourg, intending to take a university course in arts, but was prevented by failing health. Having determined to devote himself to the practice of dentistry, he entered the office of W. C. Adams as a student in 1858. On completing his pupilage in 1860, he commenced practice in the town of Milton, near his birthplace. Allying himself with the Liberal party, from a profound conviction that the principles advocated by it were best calculated to advance the material and moral interests of the country, he took an active interest in the affairs of the town, and was soon called upon to occupy positions of trust. In 1863 he was appointed a justice of the peace, and for several years had considerable experience in that capacity. Besides minor offices, he served his fellow-townsmen for three years in the municipal council, and for two years of that time was chairman of the finance committee. In 1870 he entered the Philadelphia Dental College, graduating doctor of dental surgery in March, 1871. Although a foreigner, he was chosen by his classmates to deliver the valedictory on commencement day. Desiring a wider field for practice, he removed in July, 1871, to the city of Toronto, where by diligence and skill he has built up an extensive and lucrative practice. In the year 1866, Dr. Willmott was actively engaged in the movement to place the dental profession of Ontario on a better footing, which resulted in the incorporation of the profession as the Royal College of Dental Surgeons by the legislature of the province in its first session, the act being assented to March 3rd, 1868. From that date the doctor has been very closely identified with the development of dentistry. In the year 1870 he was elected by his fellow practitioners a member of the Board of Examiners constituted under the provisions of the Dental Act, and on the organization of the board he was chosen secretary. At each succeeding biennial election he has been re-elected, and has also continuously filled the position of secretary of the board. In 1875 the dental practitioners of the province assembled in convention, adopted a resolution requesting the board of examiners to establish a dental college in Toronto. Acting upon this resolution the board requested Dr. Willmott to undertake the organization of the college, associating with him L. Teskey, M.D., M.R.C.S. The first session of the college opened in November, 1875, with Dr. Willmot as senior professor occupying the chair of operative and mechanical dentistry. This position he has continued to hold to the present time. During the twelve years which have elapsed he has been largely instrumental, in his capacity of teacher, in developing the very creditable degree of skill which distinguishes the dental profession of Ontario. Since his removal to Toronto the pressure of practice and his duties in the college have prevented him from giving much attention to public matters. What leisure he has been able to command has been devoted mainly to church work. Born of Methodist parents, in early youth he became a member of the Methodist church, and has filled nearly every office open to a layman. Soon after settling in Toronto he connected himself with the Metropolitan Church, and has been deeply interested in its prosperity. He now discharges the duties of Bible-class teacher, leader, trustee, and treasurer of the Trust Board, besides being local treasurer of several important connexional funds. He was a member of the Toronto Methodist Conferences of 1885 and 1886 and of the General Conference of the Methodist church which met in Toronto in September, 1886. Dr. Willmott married in September, 1864, Margaret Taylor Bowes, niece of the late J. G. Bowes, ex-mayor of the city of Toronto, a lady estimable in every relation of life, and his zealous helpmate in every good work.

Patton, Hon. James, Q.C., LL.D., Collector H.M. Customs, Toronto, was born at Prescott, Ontario, on the 10th of June, 1824. He is the fourth son of the late Andrew Patton, of St. Andrews, Fifeshire, Scotland, and formerly major of her Majesty’s 45th regiment of the line. Mr. Patton’s eldest brother (for some years rector of Cornwall and Belleville and archdeacon of the diocese of Ontario) died in Belleville in 1874. The family having removed from Prescott to Toronto in 1830, James was sent to Upper Canada College, where he received the rudiments of a sound education; and in 1840, having resolved to follow the legal profession, he entered the office of the late Hon. John Hillyard Cameron, who then carried on business with the late Chancellor Spragge, to study law. In 1843, on the opening of King’s College (now the University of Toronto), he matriculated in arts, and graduated in law, and in 1858 took the degree of LL.D. In 1845 he was called to the bar, and took up his abode in the town of Barrie, Simcoe county, where in a very few years he acquired an extensive practice. At an early period of his career Mr. Patton took a deep interest in politics. The agitation consequent upon the passage of the Rebellion Losses Bill, and the burning of the Parliament buildings in the city of Montreal, seem to have acted as a stimulus to his conservative instincts. Therefore, in 1852, he started the Barrie Herald as the mouth-piece of his party, and conducted it with great energy for several years. At this time there was only one other paper published north of Toronto, whereas now there are nearly forty. In the meanwhile he was also engaged in legal literature,—having published the “Constable’s Assistant”—and in 1855 aided in the establishment and publication of the “Upper Canada Law Journal.” In 1859 he was elected a bencher of the Law Society, and having afterwards been a solicitor-general, is now a life bencher by statute. In 1862 he was created a Queen’s counsel. In 1853 Mr. Patton took into partnership Hewitt Bernard, and the year following the late Sidney Cosens, and in 1857 William D. Ardagh, the Barrie firm changing to Patton & Ardagh on Mr. Bernard being appointed deputy Minister of Justice. In 1860 he opened a branch office in Toronto, and the year following was joined by a former pupil, Featherston Osler, now one of the hon. justices of the Court of Appeal, and subsequently by the late Chief Justice Moss, the firm being known as Patton, Osler & Moss, and soon obtained a prominent position. In 1864 Mr. Patton having been invited by Sir John A. Macdonald to take charge of his large business, left for Kingston, but returned again to Toronto in 1872, on the removal of the Trust and Loan Company’s office to that city, Macdonald and Patton being the company’s solicitors. This partnership continued until 1878, when Mr. Patton retired from the active practice of his profession, in which he had been engaged for thirty-three years, and took charge of the English and Scottish Investment Company of Canada. This important position he held until 1881, when the Dominion government appointed him Collector of Customs for Toronto. Since that period he has faithfully performed the duties of this responsible trust, and has done a great deal to improve and simplify this branch of the civil service. Although in his younger days Mr. Patton was an active politician, yet he did not seem to aspire to parliamentary honours though often asked to become a candidate. However, when in 1856 the Legislative Council (now the Senate) was made an elective body and Upper and Lower Canada were mapped out into forty-eight electoral divisions, with twelve members to be elected every two years, he presented himself as a candidate, and was one of the six returned that year for what is now Ontario, for the group of counties consisting of Grey, Bruce and North Simcoe, known as the Saugeen Division. As a member of the Legislative Council Mr. Patton was a staunch Conservative, and he, without consulting the government, moved (seconded by the late Sir E. P. Taché) in 1858 in that body the resolution condemning the Brown-Dorion government—the same being taken up by Sir Hector Langevin, seconded by Hon. John Beverly Robinson, the next day in the Legislative Assembly—and carried it by sixteen to eight. In 1862 he became a member of the Cartier-Macdonald ministry, with a seat in the Executive Council (now the Privy Council) as solicitor-general for Upper Canada—Sir John A. Macdonald being attorney-general—but was defeated when seeking re-election, and with the fall of the government a few weeks later, he retired from public life. While in parliament the Hon. Mr. Patton carried through among other measures the Debentures Registration Act, and the act that has elevated the status of attorneys, by requiring the passage of examinations in addition to the mere service under articles; also amendments to the Grand Jury law, but was unsuccessful in his attempt to introduce the Scotch system of doing away with the required unanimity of twelve petit jurors—the bill, though passed by large majorities in the Council in four consecutive sessions, was invariably thrown out by the Legislative Assembly. The Hon. Mr. Patton assisted at the formation of the University Association, and was its president for several years, holding the office until his election as vice-chancellor of the University of Toronto. This latter office he held from 1860 to 1864, when he was succeeded by the late Hon. Adam Crooks, Minister of Education. In 1861-2 he was chairman of the University Commission issued by the Crown. In 1886 he occupied a seat in the council of the Board of Trade of Toronto, and did good service as such in helping to prepare the laws that govern that important and influential body. In 1853 he was married to Martha Marietta, the eldest daughter of the late Alfred Hooker, of Prescott.

Harrison, Hon. Archibald, Member of the Executive Council of New Brunswick, Maugerville, New Brunswick, was born at Cambridge, Queens County, New Brunswick, on the 27th May, 1834. He is a son of the Hon. C. Harrison, at one time member of the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, and Mary, daughter of Jeremiah Burpee, of Sheffield, one of the first English inhabitants of the province. His grandfather, James Harrison, was a United Empire loyalist. Archibald removed with his parents from Cambridge to Maugerville, Sunbury county, in 1847, and here the family has continued to reside ever since. He received his education at Cambridge and Maugerville, and after leaving school adopted farming as a profession. In 1868 he was elected a member of the Provincial Board of Agriculture, and for the two following years occupied the same position. At the bye-election in 1868, he contested Sunbury for a seat in the legislature, but failed to secure a majority vote. In 1870 he was chosen warden of his county, and at the general election held during this year was elected to represent Sunbury county in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, and on the 8th April, 1874, he was called to the Legislative Council; on the 3rd of March, 1883, he was made a member of the Executive Council, and shortly afterwards was appointed a member of the Lunatic Asylum Commission. In 1886 he was appointed a member of the board of works. In 1873 he was made a member of the senate of the University of New Brunswick, and on the expiry of his term of office, in 1885, he was re-appointed to the same position. Politically, Hon. Mr. Harrison sides with the Liberals; while religiously he belongs to the Congregational body of Christians. On the 5th November, 1862, he was married to Amy, daughter of W. S. Barker, who at one time represented Sunbury county in the New Brunswick legislature.

Gilmour, John Taylor, M.D., M.P.P. for West York, residence West Toronto Junction, was born in the township of Clarke, county of Durham, Ontario, on the 3rd March, 1855. His father was a farmer and manufacturer of lumber, and his mother, was descended from the United Empire loyalists. He received his education at Port Hope High School, and after leaving this institution he practised the profession of teaching for two years. Tiring of this, he resolved to adopt the medical profession, and entered Trinity Medical College, Toronto, from which college he graduated in 1878. He then opened an office in Durham county, and continued his practice here until 1884, when he removed to West Toronto Junction, county of York, and here he has since resided, and has met with a fair measure of success. Early in 1886 Dr. Gilmour was chosen by the Reformers of West York to become their candidate, and when the general elections came on in December of that year he succeeded, with the aid of his friends, in redeeming the riding for the Liberals. In politics he is strongly democratic, and is destined to make his mark in the political arena. He is an adherent of the Methodist church. He was married on the 18th March, 1878, to Emma Hawkins, of Canton, Ontario; but death claimed this estimable lady on the 18th March, 1886.

Williams, Rev. William, D.D., Pastor of the Division Street Methodist Church Cobourg. The Rev. Mr. Williams is the eldest son of William and Margaret P. Williams, and was born in Stonehouse, Devon, England, January 23rd, 1836. His mother was a daughter of Robert Pearse, of Camelford, Cornwall, England. In 1842 the subject of this notice removed with his parents to Toronto. During the four years of his residence in that city he attended school, and the latter part of the time he was engaged in preparing to enter Upper Canada College. Before he had completed his preparatory studies he removed with his parents to Weston, and some time later to the township of Holland, where his father settled upon a farm. Though removed from school at a comparatively early age, he steadily pursued a carefully prepared course of reading and study, and in his nineteenth year he entered the ministry of the Methodist New Connexion church. His record in that community was that of a successful minister of the gospel. Before the union he was during four years chairman of a district; was one year president of the Methodist New Connexion Conference, and was acting president during the greater part of the following year, filling the place left vacant by the lamented death of the president, the Rev. Samuel P. Gundy. The Rev. W. Williams took an active part in promoting the union of the New Connexion and Wesleyan Methodist churches in this country, being on both committees; and in 1874 he was sent by his conference, with the late Robert Wilkes, M.P. of Toronto, as a deputation to the New Connexion Conference of England to obtain the consent of that body to the contemplated union in Canada. In this he and his companion were completely successful. Not only was the requested consent given, but Mr. Wilkes and Mr. Williams were heartily thanked for the manner in which they had presented the matter before the conference. In 1875, after this union had been consummated, and while he was in charge of the church in Simcoe, Rev. Mr. Williams was sent with W. H. Gibbs, of Oshawa, by the Central Board of Missions as a deputation to attend the missionary services in the leading Methodist Churches in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. In 1876, in response to the special request of the Centenary Church, Hamilton, Rev. Mr. Williams was sent to that charge, then the largest and most influential in the London conference. He remained there for the full term of three years. A leading member of that church speaks of his ministry in that place:—“His discourses showed him to be a man of culture, of extensive reading, of careful thought, and of sound judgment. The Centenary Church never, I believe, had a better expounder of the Word of God, or a more faithful preacher of the gospel. Conscientious in the discharge of his duty, whatsoever he seemed to feel should be said he spoke boldly whether it was likely to please or displease. At the same time he evinced such qualities of heart, such sympathy, such desire to do his people good, as secured for him their affection, and made him very influential. As a man, Mr. Williams was liked by all who knew him. He was pleasant and unassuming, easy to approach, and was ready to lend a helping hand.” In 1879 Rev. Mr. Williams became pastor of Norfolk Street Church, Guelph. He remained there during the full term of three years, was acceptable and useful, and during his ministry there the membership of the church and congregation was largely increased; the debt upon the building in which they worshipped reduced by several thousand dollars; and the financial condition of the church greatly improved in other respects. He was also chairman of the Guelph district during the three years of his pastorate in that city. The following three years were spent by him in Woodstock, where he ministered to a very large congregation in one of the finest church edifices in the province. The first year of his pastorate in Woodstock was marked by his elevation to the presidency of the London Conference. This position he filled with acceptance and ability. He was chairman of the Woodstock district during the full term of his ministry in that rapidly rising town. At the request of the Cobourg (Division street) Church Rev. Mr. Williams was, in 1885, transferred to the Bay of Quinté conference, and appointed to Cobourg. There he preaches to a large and intelligent congregation, comprising, in addition to the general hearers, the principal, professors and students of Victoria University. Mr. Williams is also chairman of the Cobourg district. In May, 1887, the senate of Victoria University conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity.

Glackmeyer, Charles, City Clerk, Montreal, was born in Montreal on the 22nd June, 1820. He is of German extraction, and belongs to a family noted for its longevity, his father, Frederick Glackmeyer, having died in 1875, aged eighty-four years. His mother was Sophie Roy Portelance, a French-Canadian lady, who died about 1854. His grandfather came to Canada as bandmaster with one of the British regiments, and settled in the city of Quebec, where he was a professor of and taught music for many years, and died at an advanced age. Charles was educated at the Montreal College, taking a full course, and afterwards studied law with Peltier and Bourret. In 1843 he was admitted to the bar, and after practising his profession for three years, entered the service of the City Corporation as assistant city clerk. This position he held until 1859, when he was elected city clerk, and this office he still holds. Mr. Glackmeyer is a model official, is rarely absent from his post, and one in whom the citizens have the fullest confidence, and whom they delight to honor. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church, and people who know him best speak most highly of his moral and religious character and the purity of the life he leads. On the 30th May, 1848, he was married to M. R. Josephine Duvernay, of Montreal, eldest daughter of Ludger Duvernay, founder of the Minerve newspaper, and of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Montreal. The fruits of this marriage has been ten children, only three of whom now survive.

Gilpin, Edwin, jr., Deputy Commissioner of Public Works and Mines, and Chief Inspector of Mines for the Province of Nova Scotia, Halifax, was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the 28th of October, 1850. His father, the Rev. Edwin Gilpin, D.D., is the senior canon of St. Luke’s Cathedral, and archdeacon of Nova Scotia (see sketch of Archdeacon Gilpin in another part of this volume), and his mother is Amelia McKay, daughter of the late Hon. Justice Haliburton. Edwin Gilpin received the rudiments of his education at the Halifax Grammar School, and then entered King’s College, Windsor, where he graduated A.B., in 1871. He then took the arts course, with special courses in mining, geology, and chemistry, and received the degree of A.M., in 1873, and at the same time won the “Welsford,” “General Williams,” and “Alumni” prizes. After leaving college he began the practical study of mining-engineering in Nova Scotia, and especially in the Albion collieries of the General Mining Association in Pictou county, and extended his observations in the leading mining districts in Great Britain. On the 1st of March, 1874, he was elected a fellow of the Geological Society of London, England; and in April, 1873, a member of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural History. On the 21st of April, 1879, he was appointed by the government of Nova Scotia, inspector of mines for the province, which position he now occupies. In September, 1881, he was appointed a member and made secretary of the Board of Examiners of Colliery Officials; and in September, 1885, was elected a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. In October, 1886, he received the appointment of deputy commissioner of Public Works and Mines for the province. Mr. Gilpin is one of the original members of the Royal Society of Canada. For a number of years he has acted in the capacity of consulting engineer in the Maritime provinces, and has done good service to his county in this direction. He is the author of a popular work on the “Mines and Mineral Lands of Nova Scotia,” published in Halifax in 1883; and has also contributed valuable papers on the “Sub-marine Coal Fields of Cape Breton;” “Nova Scotia Iron Ores;” “The Manganese of Nova Scotia;” “The Carboniferous and Gold Fields of Nova Scotia;” “The Geology of Cape Breton;” and various other papers on the geology and economic mineralogy of Nova Scotia, which have been published in the Transactions of the following societies: The North of England Institute of Mining Engineers; The Geological Society of London; The Nova Scotia Natural History Institute; The Royal Society of Canada; and The American Institute of Mining Engineers. He has also written several annual reports to the government of Nova Scotia, on the progress and development of the Crown minerals of the province. Mr. Gilpin takes no particular part in politics; but in religious matters, he is a staunch adherent of the Church of England. He was married on June 29th, 1875, to Florence Ellen, daughter of Lewis Johnstone, surgeon, Albion Mines, Nova Scotia. Mrs. Gilpin’s father is a nephew of the late Equity Judge Johnstone, and provincial grand master of the Masonic order. Three children have been born of this union.

Bégin, Rev. Louis Nazaire, D.D., Principal of the Laval Normal School, Quebec, member of the Academy of the Arcades of Rome, and of the Royal Society of Canada, was born at Levis, on the 10th January, 1840. His father, Charles Bégin, farmer, died in August last, 1887, in his ninety-first year; his mother, Luce Paradis, died about eighteen months ago, in her eighty-second year. After attending the Levis Model School, then under the direction of M. N. Lacasse, at present a professor at the Laval Normal School, Rev. Abbé Bégin followed, for one year, the mathematical course of the Commercial College of St. Michel (Bellechasse). That course was ably given by Professor F. X. Toussaint. His parents sent him, in 1857, to the Little Seminary of Quebec, to follow the classical course of that institution. As he had already commenced to study Latin with M. Lacasse, he was enabled to terminate his course in five years, in 1862. He then obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts at Laval University, and was the first to carry off the Prince of Wales prize. He resolved to adopt a religious life, and entered the Grand Seminary of Quebec, in September, 1862, where he studied theology, while teaching the class of syntax at the Little Seminary. The Seminary of Quebec was at that time thinking seriously about organizing a faculty of theology in connection with Laval University, and it was the earnest desire of the authorities that all the professors of that faculty should be educated in Rome itself. In May, 1863, his Eminence Cardinal Taschereau, then superior of the Seminary of Quebec, and rector of Laval University, proposed to Abbé Bégin to go and pass a few years in Rome, in order to study theology, take his degree, and then return to Quebec as professor of its university. This proposition was accepted, and on the 4th September of the same year, Abbé Bégin left Quebec to take his passage at Boston. He had as travelling companions Abbés Louis Pâquet and Benjamin Pâquet (now Domestic Prelate to his Holiness Leo XIII.), who were also sent to Rome to study the sacred science. Abbé Bégin was absent five years and returned to Quebec only in July, 1868. He followed the course of the Gregorian University of the Roman College, including dogmatic and moral theology, sacred scriptures, history of the church, canonic law, sacred oratory, and the Hebraic language. His professors were the Rev. Fathers Ballerini, Cardella, Sanguinetti, Patrizi, Angellini, Armellini, Tarquini and Franzelin; the two last named became, a short time afterwards, cardinals of the holy Roman Church, and died a short time ago. He received all the minor and major orders in Rome, and was ordained a priest in the Major Basilica of St. John de Latran on the 10th of June, 1865, by His Eminence Cardinal Vicar Patrizi. In the following year (1866), he succeeded in obtaining the degree of Doctor in Theology at the Gregorian University. The Seminary of Quebec granted the request of Abbé Bégin, and gave him permission to remain some time longer in Rome to make a special study of ecclesiastical history and Oriental languages: the Hebrew, the Chaldean, the Syriac, and the Arabic. The scholastic year 1866-67 was given to these interesting occupations. While at Rome he resided at the French Seminary, via Santa Chiara. After the great Roman festival in connection with the centenary of the death of St. Peter and the canonization of the saints, in 1867, he went to Innsbruck, in the Austrian Tyrol. During the summer holidays of the preceding years he had visited Italy, Savoy, Switzerland, Prussia, Belgium, and chiefly France, but he spent the summer of 1867 in studying the German language, so rich in scientific works on history and holy scripture. On the 30th September of the same year he started for Palestine, in order to get thoroughly acquainted,—as he had long desired,—with certain biblical and historical facts. He spent more than five months in this trip through Austria, Hungary, Roumania, Servia, Bulgaria, the two Turkeys, the islands of Tenedos, Lesbos, Rhodes and Cyprus, Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, Phœnicia, Palestine, Egypt, and Sicily. He then returned to Innsbruck to continue his studies in history and languages at the Catholic University, under the celebrated Professors Wenig, Jungmann, Hurter, Kobler, Nilles. He left Tyrol on the 2nd July, 1868, crossed France and England, and arrived at Quebec on the 27th of the same month, by the steamer Moravian, of the Allan line. He brought with him several Egyptian mummies and archæological curiosities he had acquired for the museum of the Catholic University of Quebec. In September he commenced to teach a portion of dogmatic theology and ecclesiastical history, as professor of the Faculty of Theology of Laval University. He taught from 1868 until 1884, having also, during the last seven or eight years, charge of the pupils of the University, or of those of the Little or Grand Seminary; he was also prefect of studies of the Little Seminary. During four or five winters he gave numerous public lectures at Laval University on the most controverted and interesting questions of the history of the Church. A select gathering filled the hall to hear these lectures given every week from the Christmas vacation till Easter. The first year (1870) he spoke about the prerogatives of Papacy, and refuted the objections raised, at the time of the Council of the Vatican, against the infallibility of the Pope, considered from an historical standpoint. These lectures were published in a volume of over 400 pages, entitled, “La Primauté et l’Infaillibilité des Souverains Pontifes.” In 1874 he published a second work entitled “La Sainte Ecriture et la Règle de Foi.” This work was translated into English: “The Bible and the Rule of Faith,” in 1875, and printed in London by Burns & Oates. In the same year (1874) an eulogy of Saint Thomas Aquinas was published. Abbé Bégin had delivered it at Saint Hyacinthe, in the church of the Rev. Dominican fathers, on the occasion of the sixth centennial anniversary of the death of Dr. Angélique. In 1875 he published another work entitled “Le Culte Catholique.” After passing six months (October, 1883, to April, 1884) at Pont Rouge, Portneuf county, to recruit his health, Abbé Bégin accompanied to Rome the Archbishop of Quebec, who was going to sustain the rights of Laval University and the division of the diocese of Three Rivers, before the Holy See. The voyage was prosperous, and lasted over seven months. On his return from Rome, on the first of Dec., 1884, he found his friend, Abbé Lagacé, dangerously ill. Death carried away, five days later, this distinguished priest, who had consecrated the best part of his sacerdotal career to the education of youth. Abbé Bégin was chosen by the Catholic Committee of the Council of Public Instruction to occupy the important post of principal of the Normal School, hitherto filled by Abbé Lagacé, and this choice was ratified by an order-in-council on the 22nd January, 1885. Since that time Abbé Bégin has fulfilled the functions of principal of the Normal School, comprising the department of male and female pupil teachers. Last year (1886) he published a small “Aide-Mémoire,” or “Chronologie de l’Histoire du Canada,” designed, as indicated by its name, to help the memory of pupils and facilitate their preparations to the examinations on the history of our country.

Anderson, Capt. Edward Brown, Sarnia, was born at Oakville, in the county of Halton, Ontario, on the 24th January, 1838. His father, Edward Anderson, was born at a farm known as “Stenrie’s Hill,” near the town of Moffat, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and died at Oakville, in December, 1840. His mother, Sarah Ann Williams, was born at Port Dover, Lake Erie shore, and died at Barrie, in January, 1878. Captain Anderson’s father having died before his son had reached his third year, very little schooling fell to his lot, as he was in consequence obliged to face the world at a very early age. When only about ten years old he commenced sailing on the lakes, and from that time to this he has steadily risen in his profession, and has now the proud satisfaction of knowing that he is considered second to none as an inland sea navigator and is in command of one of the finest steamers—the Alberta—of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, on Lake Superior. Previous to his taking charge of the Alberta he commanded for seven years the steamer Quebec, of the Beatty Sarnia & Lake Superior line, and for two years was captain of the Campana, of the Collingwood line, and for the last four years he has sailed the Alberta. Captain Anderson left Oakville in 1875, and took up his residence in Sarnia, where he has made his home ever since. In 1867 he joined the Freemasons, and since then has taken a deep interest in that ancient organization. He crossed the Atlantic and spent the winter of 1885-6 seeing the sights in Europe. The captain is a Presbyterian, and is a firm supporter of his church; but in politics he takes very little interest. In August, 1885 he was married to Lucretia Waggoner, whose parents at that time resided in Oakville, but in 1860 they removed to Ballard, Kentucky, where they both died.

Robb, Alexander, Iron Founder, Amherst, Nova Scotia, was born at Leicester, Cumberland county, Nova Scotia, on the 4th of March, 1827. His parents, Alexander Robb and Annie Brown, were natives of Bangor, Ireland, and settled in Nova Scotia a great many years ago. Alexander was only about eight years of age when he came to Amherst, and received his education in the public schools of the place. After leaving school he acquired a knowledge of the tin and sheet metal business. In 1848 he commenced business on his own account, and was among the first to introduce cast-iron stoves into the country. In 1866 he built a foundry and machine shops, and his business has grown steadily ever since, until his works, including salesroom and offices, now cover a space of about two acres. In outside industries, Mr. Robb has taken a great interest, having assisted in the development of the Boot and Shoe Tanning Company, which is now the most extensive manufactory of its kind in the province; and previous to his health breaking down in 1872, he was an active promoter of the Spring Hill collieries. Mr. Robb has always been a strong advocate of total abstinence, and has the honour of being one of the original members of the Amherst Division of the Sons of Temperance, the pioneer temperance organization in Nova Scotia. He took an active interest in the passage of the Free School Act for Nova Scotia, and was also an advocate of the confederation of the provinces. He had strong faith in the benefits to be derived from these measures for some years previous to their enactment, arising from a conversation he had had with the late Hon. Joseph Howe. Mr. Robb is a Presbyterian, and for the past twenty-five years has been a consistent member of that church. In 1855 he married Emeline Logan, daughter of David D. Logan, of Amherst Point, whose father, Hugh Logan, originally came from the North of Ireland, and was one of the first settlers of the county. His surviving children are:—David W. and Frederick B., who have managed the business of the firm of A. Robb & Sons since the failure of their father’s health in 1872; Walter R., who is associated with his father in farming and other private business; Maggie A. and Aubrey G., who are both at home, the latter still pursuing his studies. Mr. Robb has won for himself the character of being a man of perseverance and strict integrity, and is greatly respected by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance.

McNeill, John Sears, Barton, M.P.P. for Digby, Nova Scotia, was born at St. Mary’s Bay (now called Barton), in the county of Digby, N.S., on the 15th June, 1829. His parents were John McNeill and Freelove Sabean. His great grandfather, Neil McNeill, emigrated from the north of Ireland to New York, where he married a Miss Sears, an American lady, and engaged in mercantile business. After the close of the revolutionary war he and his family came, with other U. E. loyalists, and settled in Long Island, then in the county of Annapolis, now in the county of Digby. John Sears McNeill attended the public school in his native place, but only at intervals, where he learned the rudiments of reading, writing, arithmetic, and English grammar. He spent his youthful days on a farm, and had, when a mere lad, to work in the fields with the farm labourers and do his share of hard work. On his sixteenth birthday he gave up farming, and entered the store of George Bragg, of Digby, as a clerk, and in this situation he continued for three years, when he returned to Barton, and commenced business on his own account. His capital was very small, but he determined to succeed, and consequently worked hard to increase his means. After a few years, having succeeded remarkably well, he resolved to extend his operations, and in the fall of 1867 opened another store at Maitland, Yarmouth county, in connection with Cyrus Perry, to whom he sold out his share in the business a few years afterwards. In 1871, in connection with several other gentlemen, he engaged extensively in the tanning business, but this venture not proving a success, in a few years it was abandoned. In 1875, in company with some others, he engaged in the manufacture of shingles and lumber at Berwick and Factorydale, in the county of King, N.S., but this, from lack of personal oversight, proved unremunerative, and was given up. In the fall of 1878 he handed over his business at home to his eldest son, and since that time has devoted all his energies to public affairs. Mr. McNeill was appointed a justice of the peace in May, 1864, and a commissioner of schools in 1867. On the 17th January, 1873, he was made a member of the Board of Health. He was clerk and treasurer of Poor District No. 2, Weymouth, from its creation into a separate district in 1851 until 1865, and re-appointed in 1868, and still holds the position (1887); and he has also been county treasurer for the years 1881, 1883, and 1884. He took the temperance pledge in 1842, when he was only thirteen years of age, and became a member of the Total Abstinence Society. On the introduction of the order of the Sons of Temperance into Nova Scotia, he joined Union Division, No. 6, Digby, on the 30th January, 1848, and continued in this division several years, when he transferred his membership to General Inglis Division, on its institution at Barton, in March, 1859. He has held nearly all the offices in the gift of his division. In 1860 he was initiated into the Grand Division of Nova Scotia, at its session held at Yarmouth, in 1860, and ever since then has been a faithful member of the order. Mr. McNeill’s father was a staunch Conservative, and his son received his political training in that school of politics. During the election contests held in 1851 and 1855 he worked and voted with that party; but in 1859 he gave his vote to the Liberals. He was opposed to the confederation of the provinces, and disapproved of the manner in which Nova Scotia was forced into the union, contending that a vote of the people should have been taken before the compact was entered into. In 1867 he was urged to allow himself to be nominated as a candidate for the Nova Scotia legislature, but declined the honour. He, however, presented himself for parliamentary honours at the general election in June, 1882, and was elected to a seat in the legislature of his native province, and was again returned to the same house in 1886. Mr. McNeill was brought up in the Episcopal church, and adhered to that church until 1862, when he united with the Methodist church, and has remained in that communion ever since. In politics Mr. McNeill is a Liberal and a Repealer, but, above both, a lover of his country, and a gentleman who has done a good deal to foster its industries and improve the social condition of its people. He was married, first at Barton, on 25th December, 1852, to Ann Eliza, daughter of William Thomas. This estimable lady died 1st October, 1869. His second marriage was solemnised at Bloomfield, Digby county, 24th January, 1870, when he united with Alice Maria, second daughter of Edwin Jones. His family consists of two sons and two daughters living, all of whom are married, except the youngest son, who is attending college at Sackville, New Brunswick.

DesBrisay, Theophilus, Q.C., Bathurst, New Brunswick. The subject of this sketch is a son of the late Theophilus DesBrisay, naval officer of Miramichi and the eastern ports of New Brunswick, and grandson of the Rev. Theophilus DesBrisay, graduate of Magdalen College, Oxford, and the first rector of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, who died in 1824. He is of Huguenot descent, his ancestors having fled from France to Ireland at the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes; the pioneer in the Dominion of Canada being Thomas DesBrisay, captain Royal Artillery, who, was sent out as lieutenant-governor of Prince Edward Island, in 1777. The mother of our subject, before her first marriage, was Lucy Wright, daughter of the Hon. Thomas Wright, first surveyor-general of Prince Edward Island, and was the widow of Captain and Adjutant Colledge, who died in the first decade of this century while in the service of the king at the fortress of Quebec. Mr. DesBrisay was born at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, on the 13th of December, 1816, educated at the Grammar School, Miramichi, studied law with the late Hon. John Ambrose Street, at Newcastle; was admitted an attorney in 1839, and to the Charlottetown bar at Hilary term, 1841, and has ever since been in practice in all the courts in New Brunswick and also as barrister of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island. He was appointed clerk of the peace for the county of Gloucester, N.B., in 1850; and is also clerk of the County Court and clerk of the Circuits. He was created a Queen’s counsel by the Dominion government in 1881, and appointed Judge of Probates for the county of Gloucester in 1883. Mr. DesBrisay is a past master of St. John’s lodge of Freemasons, Bathurst. He is a member of the Church of England, and has served as warden of St. George’s Church, Bathurst, for many years, and also as delegate to the Diocesan Synod. He is a lawyer of excellent moral character as well as legal standing. He married, in 1851, Jemima Swayne, daughter of David Swayne, of Dysart, Scotland, and has five children—four sons and one daughter. Lestock, the eldest, is a clergyman and rector of Strathroy, Ontario; Andrew Normand, is in mercantile business in Minneapolis; T. Swayne, is an attorney and barrister practising with his father; Charles Albert is a graduate of the Royal Military College, Kingston (class 1880, the first that graduated), and a civil engineer now practising his profession in Minnesota, and Lucy Isabella is at home.

Simcoe, John Graves, Lieutenant-General, the first Governor of Upper Canada, was born in the town of Cotterstock, Northamptonshire, England, in 1752, and was the eldest son of Captain John Simcoe, commander of H.M.S. Pembroke, who was killed at Quebec, in the execution of his duty, in the year 1759, while assisting Wolfe in his siege of that city. On young Simcoe first going to school, at Exeter, at a comparatively early age, he attracted considerable notice from all with whom he came in contact for his proficiency in everything that the school taught; and he was, undoubtedly, the dux of the school. At the age of fourteen he was removed to Eton, where he acquired new honours. After remaining at Eton a short time, he was removed to Mereton College, Oxford. From college, in his nineteenth year, he entered the army, either he or his guardians having selected that profession for him. He was appointed to an ensigncy in the 35th regiment of the line; and as hostilities had already commenced with the United States of America, he was despatched to the seat of war to join his regiment. He arrived at Boston on the day of the battle of Bunker Hill, and took an active part afterwards, as may be seen, in the great American war, when the American colonists threw off their allegiance to Great Britain, and declared themselves independent. Ensign Simcoe, having served some time as adjutant to his own regiment, purchased the command of a company in the 48th, with which he fought at the battle of Brandywine, and where he displayed (although very young) his courage and professional attainments by the active part he took in the day’s proceedings. Unfortunately he was severely wounded at this engagement. Captain Simcoe was always a soldier in his heart, and attentive to every part of his duty. He already saw that regularity in the interior economy of a soldier’s life contributed to his health, and he estimated the attention of the inferior officers by the strength of a company or a regiment in the field. His ambition invariably led him to aspire to command; and even, when the army first landed at Staten Island, he went to New York to request the command of the Queen’s Rangers (a provincial corps then newly raised), though he did not obtain his desire till after the battle of Brandywine, in October, 1777. The Queen’s Rangers, under command of Simcoe, acquired new laurels, and were justly celebrated, as was their leader, for their several gallant deeds and exploits. During the rest of the American war, or until their disbandment, they bore part in nearly every engagement which took place; but, unfortunately, being situated at Gloucester Point, opposite Yorktown, when the latter place was besieged by the allied French and American army, the Rangers, as well as the other portions of the British army under Lord Cornwallis’s command, were surrendered by that nobleman to the victorious insurgents. With the surrender of Gloucester Point the active existence of the Rangers terminated. The officers were afterwards put upon half-pay, and their provincial rank retained to them in the standing British army. The war for independence virtually ceased with the capture of Yorktown, and Colonel Simcoe returned to England, greatly fatigued by his late arduous duties, and greatly impaired in his constitution. The king received him in a manner which plainly shewed how grateful his Majesty was for the great services he had rendered; and all classes of society received him with the most affectionate regard, and shewed him every demonstration of their attachment. Not long after his return he entered into the marriage state with Miss Guillim, a near relation to Admiral Graves, a distinguished officer engaged in the American war. He was elected to represent, in 1790, the borough of St. Maw’s, Cornwall, in the House of Commons, which place he continued to represent, with equal honour to himself and his county, until the passing of the bill dividing the province of Quebec into two provinces, to be called Upper and Lower Canada, when he was selected as the first governor of Upper Canada, whither he proceeded, in 1791, with his wife and family, and took up his quarters at Niagara, then called Newark, where he held his first parliament in September, 1792. Upper Canada was then in a comparative state of wilderness. We cannot picture to ourselves a more dismal or a more thoroughly dejected colony than was the province at the time of which we speak. Governor Simcoe, however, entered upon his duty with a resolute heart. Newark, now Niagara, was made the seat of government, which consisted of a Legislative Assembly and Council, the former containing sixteen members only, while the latter was still smaller; and a parliament was convened so early as the 17th September of the same year. He also appointed an Executive Council, composed of gentlemen who had accompanied him out, and some who already resided in the province. He had the whole country surveyed and laid out into districts, and invited as much immigration as possible, in order to swell the population. For this purpose, those parties who so nobly adhered to the cause of Britain in the revolted colonies, and which are chiefly known by the sobriquet of United Empire loyalists, removed to Canada, and received a certain portion of land free. Also, discharged officers and soldiers of the line received a certain portion of land gratuitously; and all possible means were employed to further the projects of the governor. A provincial corps was raised, by command of the king, and Colonel Simcoe was appointed colonel of it. This corps he called the “Queen’s Rangers,” after his old regiment. Becoming dissatisfied with the position of Newark as the provincial capital, he travelled westward as far as Detroit, and back, without having come to any fixed conclusion. He resolved to inspect the northern shore of Lake Ontario, and for that purpose set sail from Newark on Thursday, the 2nd May, 1793, and on the morning of Saturday, the 4th, entered the harbour of Toronto. A short distance from the entrance to the harbour were several wigwams, inhabited by Mississaga Indians. This was the “town” of Toronto, which Governor Simcoe determined was to be the future capital of Upper Canada. He quartered a number of the Queen’s Rangers there, and improved the site and vicinity of the projected city to a great extent. Roads were constructed, so that a proper communication could be kept up between town and country. A schooner ran weekly between Newark and York, and couriers were sent, overland, monthly to Lower Canada. Of course the population increased, and the young province began to consider itself wealthy. In 1794, Simcoe was promoted to the rank of major-general; and in 1796 he was appointed to be commandant and governor of the important island of St. Domingo. Thither he, with his family, proceeded, and there he held the local rank of lieutenant-general. Though he remained only a few months, he greatly endeared himself by his kind and considerate government of the island, not only to all the residents, but to the natives themselves; and a contemporary justly remarks that, “short as was his stay, he did more than any former general to conciliate the native inhabitants to the British government.” In 1798 he was created a lieutenant-general; and in 1801, when an invasion of England was expected by the French, the command of the town of Plymouth was entrusted to him. We do not hear of him again until 1806, when the last scene in this great man’s life was to come to a close. France had long been suspected of a design to invade Portugal, and, the affair being apparent to England, public attention was called to the critical situation of that country; and as Portugal was the only surviving ally of Britain upon the continent, means must necessarily be employed to assist her. In this critical juncture, Lieutenant-General Simcoe and the Earl of Rosselyn, with a large staff, were immediately sent out to join the Earl of St. Vincent, who, with his fleet, was in the Tagus; and they were instructed to open, in concert with him, a communication with the court, so that they would ascertain whether danger was very imminent, and, if so, employ means to guard against it. But, alas, in such a glorious undertaking, which probably would have crowned him with fame and honours, Simcoe was never destined to participate to any extent. On the voyage thither he was taken suddenly ill, and had to return to England, where he had only landed when his eventful life was brought to a close. He breathed his last at Torbay, in Devonshire, at the comparatively early age of fifty-four, after having honourably served his country during many years in a variety of occupations—regretted by all, from the simple soldier whom he had commanded to the friend of his heart and his boon companion.

Robb, David W., Manager of the Foundry and Machine Shops of A. Robb and Sons, Amherst, Nova Scotia, was born at Amherst on the 9th May, 1856. His father, Alexander Robb, the founder of the works he manages, is a gentleman very much respected by his fellow citizens. His mother is Emmeline Logan, daughter of David D. Logan, of Amherst Point. David received his educational training at the County Academy at Amherst, and had begun the study of mechanical engineering when his father’s health gave way in 1872, in consequence of which he had to assume business responsibilities, and since that time has been actively employed in the foundry and machine business, which has now grown to large proportions under his careful management. Mr. Robb is a member of the order of Freemasons, having joined this organisation in 1882. In 1881 he reorganized the fire department in his native town, and has been its chief engineer ever since. He is a member of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Amherst, and an active supporter of Sir Charles Tupper, minister of finance, who represents the county in the Dominion parliament. Mr. Robb, like his father, is a member of the Presbyterian church, and, like him, a public spirited gentleman. He was married on the 15th June, 1872, to Ida S., daughter of Dr. Nathan Tupper, and niece of Sir Charles Tupper. The fruit of this marriage is three children—two boys and a girl. Frederick B., second son of Alexander, we may add, is the financial manager of the firm of A. Robb and Sons.

Fraser, Hon. Judge John James, Q.C., Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born in Nelson, Northumberland county, N.B., on the 1st of August, 1829. His father, John Fraser, was a native of Inverness, Scotland, who emigrated to New Brunswick in 1803. He first settled in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and remained there until 1812, when he moved to Miramichi, New Brunswick, where he went into business as a lumber merchant and shipbuilder on Beanbear’s Island, and carried on these branches of trade for a number of years. He was also extensively engaged in the exportation of salmon, which at that time was a very profitable enterprise. John James Fraser received his early educational training at the Newcastle Grammar School, and adopted law as his profession. In October, 1845, he entered the office of the late Hon. John Ambroise Street, and in 1850 passed his examination as an attorney. In January, 1851, on the appointment of the Hon. Mr. Street to the office of attorney-general, Mr. Fraser removed to Fredericton, and remained with that gentleman until 1854. He was admitted to the bar in 1852, and made a Queen’s counsel in 1873. Mr. Fraser devoted his attention closely to his profession until 1865, when he entered the political arena, and was returned to the Provincial parliament as representative for York county, in conjunction with Messrs. Allen, Hatheway, and Needham, as champions of the anti-confederation movement, confederation being the then burning question of the day. In 1866, the Smith government having been compelled to resign, a general election ensued, and on Mr. Fraser presenting himself for re-election, a strong feeling was manifested against him, and at the close of the poll he found that his opponent had carried the day. In June, 1871, he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council and president of the Executive Council in the Hatheway-King administration, and held both positions until the death of the Hon. Mr. Hatheway in 1872, when he resigned. He was afterwards offered the position of provincial secretary to the government led by the Hon. Mr. King, and this he accepted. He then again appeared before his constituents, and was re-elected by acclamation, and the county of York he continued to represent until May, 1878, when the Hon. Mr. King retired from provincial politics. Hon. Mr. Fraser then became attorney-general and leader of the government, and this position he held until the 24th May, 1882, when he resigned, and offered himself as a candidate for the representation of York in the House of Commons, but was defeated. In December, 1882, he was, on the decease of Mr. Justice Duff, appointed a judge of the Supreme Court. He was married in September, 1867, to Martha, eldest daughter of the late Alexander Cumming, a merchant of Fredericton, and had by her two children, both of whom are dead. Mrs. Fraser died in March, 1871. In May, 1884, he was married to Jane M. P., daughter of the late Mr. Justice Fisher, of Fredericton.

Green, Harry Compton, Postmaster, Summerside, Prince Edward Island, was born at North Street, Eleanor, P.E.I., on the 30th April, 1817. He is the second son of the Hon. Samuel Green, and Elizabeth, his wife, who emigrated to Prince Edward Island from London, England, in 1808. Henry received his first educational training in the village school, and afterwards studied in the Charlottetown Academy, under Professor Brow Waddle. After leaving school he devoted himself to farming, and from 1839 to 1856 he farmed extensively on his freehold estate on North Street, Eleanor. In 1841 Mr. Green was appointed road commissioner and commissioner of small debts, and in 1842 he was created a justice of the peace. In 1851 he was appointed high sheriff of Prince county. In 1857 he went into mercantile business, and continued in this line until 1866, when he was appointed collector of customs for the port of Summerside. From 1858 to 1868 he occupied the honourable position of mayor of Summerside; and in 1871 he was appointed postmaster, which position he still holds. He joined the ancient and honourable order of Freemasons in 1858, and has been treasurer of his lodge, King Hiram, for nearly seven years. He was brought up and has always continued to be an Episcopalian in his religious views, and has frequently held the office of churchwarden, both in St. John’s Church, Eleanor, and St. Mary’s Church, Summerside. In March, 1850, he was married to Elizabeth C. Ellis, daughter of Robert Ellis, formerly of Bideford, Devon, England.

Fogo, Hon. James, Pictou, Nova Scotia, Judge of Probate for the county of Pictou, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 30th June, 1811. His father, James Fogo, senior, came to Pictou in 1817, and died there in 1868, aged eighty-one years. His mother was Elizabeth McClure, who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and died in Pictou, in 1879, aged eighty-nine years. Judge Fogo received his education at the Pictou Academy, under the tuition of that celebrated teacher and educator, the Rev. Thomas McCulloch, D.D., and was the classmate of Governor Archibald, Sir William Ritchie, now chief justice of the Dominion of Canada, and other gentlemen who have attained celebrity in different walks of life. He studied law in the office of Jotham Blanchard, then one of the most eminent practitioners at the bar in eastern Nova Scotia, and was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme Court in May, 1837, along with Charles Young, now the Hon. Dr. Young, LL.D., judge of the Surrogate Court for the province of Prince Edward Island, both of whom obtained optimes on their examinations. This, therefore, is the year of Judge Fogo’s professional jubilee. In 1838, according to the practice then existing, he was admitted as a barrister of the Supreme Court. Judge Fogo obtained the judicial appointment which he now holds on the 30th December, 1850, and has ever since, with the exception of a short interregnum which took place on a change of government in 1864, discharged the duties of his office with marked ability and satisfaction to the public. He is well read in the learning of his profession, and his judgments have almost invariably been sustained by the Supreme Court in cases of appeals from his decisions. In 1851 he was offered the solicitor-generalship of an adjoining colony, but an indisposition to sever his connection with Nova Scotia induced him to decline the acceptance of the offer. In his early years, before accepting his judicial position, Judge Fogo was an active politician in the Liberal interests, and on several occasions was urged by his friends to accept a nomination as a candidate for the representative branch of the legislature, but a regard to his personal interests prompted otherwise, as he preferred the active duties of his profession to the turmoil and uncertainty of political life. He was at one time connected with the provincial militia, and on the 23rd July, 1864, obtained the commission of major, having previously held the commission of first and second lieutenants in the service. He was created a Queen’s counsel by the Local government in 1878, his commission giving him precedence as such in all courts of the province over all other Queen’s counsels appointed after 23rd October, 1833. He was also, on the 27th July, 1879, appointed a master in Chancery, now called a master in the Supreme Court. On the 11th October, 1880, he obtained the appointment of Queen’s counsel from the Dominion government, when such appointments were ruled ultra vires of the Provincial government, and since the date of his commission he has been appointed by the presiding judge to conduct the criminal business at each and every sitting of the Supreme Court at Pictou. Judge Fogo was first married in December, 1846, to Jane, daughter of the late Rev. John McKinlay, A.M., of Prince Street Presbyterian Church, Pictou, who died in 1848, leaving one daughter, Charlotte Jane, who, on the 27th of April, 1870, was united in marriage to the Hon. John F. Stairs, then of Dartmouth, now of Halifax, and ex-M.P. of the House of Commons, and who, to the great grief of her family and friends, died of that dreadful malady, diphtheria, on the 28th May, 1886, leaving five children, her son Walter, of the age of two and a half years, or thereabouts, having, two days previously, fallen a victim to the same disease. This dispensation of Providence naturally inflicted much mental suffering to the subject of our sketch, as his daughter was an only child, gifted with superior abilities, of a joyous and happy disposition, and consequently a great favourite in the social circle wherever she moved, and though the healing salve of time may cicatrize the wound occasioned by her early and unexpected death, the scar will still remain. The judge was married the second time to Elizabeth Ives, daughter of the late James Ives, of the city of Halifax, architect. The judge has the comforts of life in a liberal measure, and the mind and heart to enjoy them. He is said by his friends to be a pleasant and effective speaker. His mode of address is full of life and animation, and being gifted with a luxuriant imagination and playful fancy, his public exhibitions afford gratification to his auditors. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. Though advanced in life, his age rests lightly upon him, and none, to look at him and mark his quick and agile step, would dream that he is now in the seventy-sixth year of his age. He has a delightful residence at Belleville, opposite the railway station on the Pictou side of the harbour, and which is thus described in “Meacham’s Illustrated and Historical Atlas of the County of Pictou”:—“The building represented to our view is a classical villa, after the Tuscan manner, and was built by its proprietor in 1854. It is very beautifully situated, and affords a most commanding view of the surrounding country. The scene which is presented to the spectator on a summer day, when shipping in the harbour is brisk, and vessels of all descriptions are plying to and fro upon its waters, is one of an exceedingly pleasing and animated character, and presents a panorama which is rarely equalled, and difficult to surpass. The property is noted for the valuable free stone in which it abounds, and which is now commanding an extensive sale beyond the limits of the county, many thousands of tons having been disposed of to rebuild the bridges on the Intercolonial Railway, by a gentleman to whom the owner sold a few acres some years ago, leaving untouched, however, extensive areas of superior stone for building purposes, which brisker times would soon call into requisition.”

Fothergill, Rev. Matthew Monkhouse, Rector of St. Peter’s Church, Quebec city, was born in Cefnrhychdir, Monmouthshire, Wales, England, on the 11th November, 1834. His father was a leading agriculturist in South Wales, and frequently carried off valuable prizes at Lord Tredegar’s agricultural show for short-horns, thorough-bred horses, and mountain sheep. Rev. M. Fothergill received his education at Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, King Edward’s Grammar School, Ely, and at St. Augustine’s College, Canterbury, England. In 1857 he came to Canada, and made Quebec his home, and here he was ordained by the late Bishop Mountain. He was then appointed travelling missionary, and did good service for the cause of the Master in this capacity. For twelve years he was a rural dean, and was the first incumbent of the new mission of Danville. After having built St. Augustine’s Church at Danville, he was called to Quebec city, and made rector of St. Peter’s Church, which position he now occupies. Rev. M. Fothergill is an active man, and outside his ministerial duties he has found time to help in other directions. For fourteen years he has held the position of secretary to the Church Society, is chaplain to the Marine and Emigrant Hospital, and Government inspector of public schools.

Longley, Hon. James Wilberforce, M.P.P., M.E.C., Attorney-General of Nova Scotia, Halifax, was born on the 4th January, 1849, at Paradise, Annapolis county, Nova Scotia. His father, Israel Longley, who was of English descent, was grandson of James Longley, a United Empire loyalist, who settled in Annapolis county at the end of the American revolutionary war. This gentleman took an active part in all the political questions of his day, and was twice a candidate in Annapolis for parliamentary honours in the Liberal interest, but failed on both occasions to secure his election. His mother, Frances Manning, was the youngest daughter of the Rev. James Manning, a pioneer Baptist minister, who came from the north of Ireland, and settled in Annapolis county, and laboured there in the cause of his divine Master until his death. Attorney-General Longley was educated at Acadia College, where, in June, 1871, he received the degree of B.A., and in 1875 the degree of M.A. In 1871 he began the study of law in Halifax, finished his law studies at Osgoode Hall, Toronto, Ontario, and was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia 10th September, 1875. In 1875 he was appointed a commissioner of the Supreme Court, and a notary public, and in 1878 he was chosen law clerk of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. On the 20th June, 1882, he was elected to represent Annapolis county in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, and in October of the same year he was made a commissioner for revising and consolidating the statutes of the province. In July, 1884, Mr. Longley was sworn in as a member of the Executive Council, and on the 25th June, 1886, was appointed attorney-general for his native province. On the 15th June, 1886, he again contested Annapolis county for a seat in the legislature, and was re-elected. Attorney-General Longley is a member of the Alumni of Acadia College, and an ex-president; has been an active member of all the liberal organizations in the province for the past fifteen years, and is ex-president of the Young Men’s Liberal Club of Halifax. He takes a great interest in literary matters, and since 1872 has been a regular contributor to the editorial columns of the Acadian Recorder, a regular daily Halifax paper, and also writes on political subjects in various magazines. In politics he is an ardent Liberal, and an uncompromising opponent of the government led by Sir John A. Macdonald. He believes in unrestricted trade relations with the United States as a substitute for the national policy; is opposed to Imperial federation for the reason that the interests of Canada are more closely identified with this continent, and is in favour of the complete abolition of the Senate and all second chambers whatever. In religious matters, though brought up in the Baptist faith, he prefers to give his adhesion to the Episcopal church, with no very high denominational preference. He was married on the 3rd September, 1877, to Annie Brown, of Paradise, and has issue four children, two boys and two girls.

Humphrey, John Albert, M.P.P. for Westmoreland, New Brunswick, Moncton, was born at Southampton, Nova Scotia, in 1823, and is the second son of William and Mary Trueman Humphrey. The father and mother of William Humphrey, the grandparents of the subject of this sketch, came from Yorkshire, England, in 1775, to Halifax, and purchased a farm at Falmouth, near Windsor, Nova Scotia, and remained there until 1797, when William Humphrey died. Three years afterwards his widow and five children removed to Sackville, New Brunswick, where William, her second surviving son, married in 1821, Mary, daughter of William Trueman, who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1775, and settled at Pointe du Bute. The young couple resided at Sackville after their marriage until 1822, when they removed to Southampton, Nova Scotia, and here John Albert first saw the light. Here, and subsequently at Amherst, and at the Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy, Sackville, he received his education. After leaving school he went into business, and from 1845 to 1849 conducted a general milling business for his father, when he purchased what is now known as the Humphrey’s Mills, at Moncton, and removed there. In 1872 he was elected to represent Westmoreland county in the legislature of New Brunswick, and again in 1874 he was returned by the same constituency, but in 1878 he was defeated. He, however, again presented himself for parliamentary honours in 1882, and was elected, and at the general election in 1886 he was honoured once more by being made a member of the Provincial parliament. Mr. Humphrey is now, and from the inception has been, a director in and one of the largest stockholders of the Moncton Gas Light and Water Company, organized in 1878; is a director in and one of the largest stockholders of the Moncton Sugar Refining Company, organized in 1880, and a director and large shareholder in the Moncton Cotton Manufacturing Company, organized in 1883. Mr. Humphrey is also the chief owner of the Moncton woollen manufactory, at Humphrey’s Mills, started in 1884. In religion, he is an adherent of the Methodist church, as nearly all his father’s family have been for the past three generations. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and a strong supporter of the school system, of the union of the provinces, and of the national policy. In 1855, Mr. Humphrey married Sarah Jane, eldest daughter of Michael S. Harris, shipbuilder and merchant, of Moncton.

Garneau, Hon. Pierre, Quebec, Member of the Executive Council, and Commissioner of Crown Lands for the province of Quebec, was born at Cap Santé, Quebec province, on the 8th May, 1823. His ancestors came from France in 1636, and were a family held in high estimation. Hon. Mr. Garneau received his education in his native parish, and shortly after leaving school removed to Quebec city, where he entered into business, and after some years became a leading merchant and public spirited citizen. In 1870 he was elected mayor of the city, and performed the high and important duties of the office so faithfully that on the expiration of his two years’ term he was unanimously re-elected for another two years. He was chief promoter, and became president, of the Quebec and Gulf Ports Steamship Company (now the Quebec Steamship Company); was president of the Quebec Street Railway for fifteen years, when he resigned in 1878; was a government director of the North Shore Railway for many years; and a member of the Canal Commission in 1870. He is a director of the Quebec and Lake St. John Lumber and Trading Company; of the Deléry Gold Mining Company; of La Banque Nationale; of the Quebec Fire Assurance Company; vice-president of the Quebec and Levis Electric Light Co.; and a member of the Quebec Board of Trade. In September, 1874, Hon. Mr. Garneau was appointed a member of the Executive Council, and became commissioner of Agriculture and Public Works for Quebec province; and shortly afterwards held the portfolio of Crown Lands. In March, 1878, the de Boucherville government, of which he was a member, having been defeated, he resigned with his colleagues. He was first elected to the Quebec legislature on the 11th March, 1873, for the county of Quebec, on the resignation of the sitting member; and was re-elected at the general election in 1875. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the general election of 1878, and remained out until 1881, when he was again returned by acclamation. At the general election, held in 1886, he was again forced to retire; but in January, 1887, he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council for De la Durantaye, and became commissioner of Crown Lands in the Mercier administration. Hon. Mr. Garneau was the head and only surviving partner of the well-known wholesale dry goods firm of P. Garneau et Frère, a firm that has been held in the highest repute for years throughout Canada and Europe, and is now senior partner of the firm of P. Garneau, Fils & Cie. In politics he is a Conservative, and in religion a member of the Roman Catholic church. In September, 1857, he was married to Cecilia Burroughs, daughter of the late Edward Burroughs, a well-known and highly respected prothonotary of Quebec. Two sons have been the issue of this marriage.

Beaton, Alexander H., Medical Superintendent of the Asylum for Idiots, Orillia. The province of Ontario makes generous provision for the part of its population that are unable to provide for themselves. The provincial asylums for idiots, for the insane, the deaf, the dumb, and the blind, are a credit to this young country. The proper management of these institutions entails heavy responsibilities, not only upon the government but upon the public servants who have them in charge. The subject of this sketch, Dr. Alexander H. Beaton, has for ten years occupied the position of superintendent of the Asylum for Idiots, at Orillia, and deserves a full share of the credit due to our asylum officials for the manner in which they discharge duties that are always responsible and often trying and difficult. He was born on the 20th of April, 1838, in the township of Pickering, county of Ontario, on the farm on which the village of Whitevale now stands. His father, Colin Beaton, emigrated from the Island of Mull, Scotland, in 1832, and was one of the pioneer settlers of what is now the splendid county of Ontario. His mother, Christina McKinnon, came from the same part of Scotland in 1820. In those early days Canadian boys usually worked on the farm during summer, and attended school in winter. Alexander H. Beaton was no exception to this rule. His parents, like many of the early settlers, could not afford to give their family a better education than that which could be obtained in their own school section. Fortunately for the Beaton family, the teacher in their section was generally one of the best in the township. Alexander and his younger brother, Donald, were among the best scholars in the school, and were usually found in a prominent place when the teacher wished to “put his best foot forward” on examination days. Both boys had resolved that farming was not to be their life work. At the age of eighteen Alexander obtained a second-class certificate and proceeded to take a place on that “stepping stone” about which so much used to be said by those who complained that many who are now among the most useful and prominent men in the province, merely taught school as a way into some other vocation. His first school was in the township of Vaughan, near Thornhill. In 1857 he taught at Duffin’s Creek, and in the following year entered the office of Ross, Crawford & Crombie, barristers, Toronto, with the intention of studying law. The way to the legal profession was, however, soon blocked. He had not sufficient means to maintain himself in Toronto for five years, and his father had suffered severely in the financial storm which swept over the country at that time. It became necessary to leave Toronto, mount the “stepping stone” again and earn more money. In 1860 and 1861 he taught in Claremont, in the township of Pickering, and in the following year in Ashburn, township of Whitby. During these years the intention of entering the legal profession was abandoned, and he prepared himself for the study of medicine. In the session of 1862 and 1863 he entered the Toronto School of Medicine, and attended the Rolph School in the summer of 1863, there being no summer session in the Toronto School. Continuing his studies in the Rolph School, he was graduated by that institution in April, 1864. Soon after graduation he began the practice of his profession, and continued in practice for twelve years. Nine years of the twelve were spent in Stayner, county of Simcoe, where he enjoyed a large and lucrative practice, when appointed by the Ontario government to his present position. By birth and choice Dr. Beaton is a Presbyterian. Though in favour of wise progress in all proper directions, he is at the same time wisely conservative in ecclesiastical matters, and would readily be classed among the many “solid men” of the Presbyterian family communion. He has for many years been an office-bearer of his church, and takes a deep interest in all matters affecting the welfare of Canadian Presbyterianism. He is liberal in his support of the educational and other institutions of his church, his contributions always ranking with the highest given in his locality. In all his church relations Dr. Beaton is vigorously assisted by Mrs. Beaton, who, along with the family to which she belongs, is devotedly attached to Presbyterianism. Previous to his appointment to his present position, Dr. Beaton took an active part in politics. By birth, training and conviction he is a Liberal. Having a natural aptitude for public speaking and no special dislike to the “roar around the hustings,” as the late D’Arcy McGee once happily put it, his services were always in demand at election times, and were freely given. He took an active part in the exciting contests of 1872 and 1874, and whilst in political life was always ready to do his full share of work and take his full share of responsibility. In January, 1877, he was appointed to his present position, the duties of which have been quietly but faithfully and efficiently discharged. For the proper discharge of these duties Dr. Beaton has many excellent qualifications. He is firm yet kind-hearted, and has the faculty of seeing and appreciating honest worth and real ability in his assistants. The success of an asylum superintendent often depends as much on his tact in dealing with his assistants as on his ability to care for the unfortunates placed under his charge. He readily recognizes real worth, however humble the position of the employee who manifests it, and nothing affords him more pleasure than to see faithfulness and efficiency in his subordinates. In his dealings with the patients under his care he is uniformly kind, his intercourse with them savouring more of the paternal than of the official. He holds the theory that almost any idiot can be educated, at least, to a certain extent, and that it is the duty of the government, which in Ontario simply means the people, to give the idiot population all the education they are capable of receiving. It is assumed, Dr. Beaton argues, that the province should provide a free education for the children that have the proper use of their faculties of mind and body. How much more urgent and binding is the duty of educating those who have impaired bodily powers and the mere germ of an intellect? It is expected that in the new asylum buildings now in course of erection at Orillia, ample provision will be made not only for the care, but also for the training of the patients. The superintendent will then have ample facilities for carrying out his theory, and the unfortunates under his care will, in addition to the comforts of a well-managed home, receive such an education as their faculties permit. In 1870 Dr. Beaton was united in marriage with Margaret Ann McNiven, daughter of Donald McNiven, then a resident of Bradford, county of Simcoe, but at present residing in Harriston, county of Wellington.

Ross, Hon. William, Collector of Customs, Halifax, was born at Boulardarie, Victoria county, Cape Breton, on the 27th December, 1825. His parents, John Ross and Robina Mackenzie, emigrated from Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in 1816, and settled in Pictou, Nova Scotia, and after remaining there five years removed to Boulardarie, Cape Breton. William received his primary education in the public school of his native place, and afterwards was sent to Halifax, where he completed his studies in the Normal School of that city. In 1848 he began business as a merchant in Englishtown, Cape Breton, and in this he continued until 1874. During this period he was extensively engaged in prosecuting the mackarel, herring, cod, and salmon fisheries, and also did a large business in the cattle trade between Cape Breton and Newfoundland. For several years he was postmaster of Englishtown. In 1861 he passed his military examination, and was appointed colonel of the 30th regiment Victoria Militia of Nova Scotia, and retired from active service in 1874. In 1859 Mr. Ross entered politics as a Liberal, and was returned, under universal suffrage law, as a member of the Nova Scotian legislature by a majority of 516. Again, in 1863, when the property qualification law came into force, he was elected by a large majority, and conscientiously opposed the Johnstone-Tupper government from that time up to 1867, when he retired from local politics, and was elected by acclamation for the county of Victoria, Cape Breton, to the House of Commons at Ottawa, after having sat for eight years in the Nova Scotian legislature. In 1872, on the occasion of a general election, he was again returned by acclamation by his native county; and on the downfall of the Sir John A. Macdonald administration in November, 1873, and on the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie assuming the government, Mr. Ross was made Minister of Militia. After his acceptance of this responsible office, and on his presenting himself for re-election, he was stoutly opposed by the Conservatives in his county, but, nevertheless, he was returned for the third time, in February, 1874, to the Dominion parliament by acclamation. Shortly afterwards the Hon. Mr. Ross retired from active political life, and was appointed collector of customs for the port of Halifax, and this important and responsible position he still continues to fill. In 1852 he joined the Masonic fraternity, and for two years was worshipful master of Virgin lodge, No. 3, Halifax; and was also twice in succession elected high priest of Royal Union Chapter of Halifax. He is now past deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia; and although he has been repeatedly nominated as grand master, he has refused the honour. He has occupied the position of vice-president and president of the North British Society. He has travelled through Newfoundland, part of the United States, and has visited every important point in Canada as far west as Lake Harno. Hon. Mr. Ross is an adherent of the Presbyterian church, and in politics is a Liberal. In March, 1855, he was married to Eliza H. Moore, daughter of P. H. Moore, of the firm of Gammell and Moore, of North Sydney. The fruit of this marriage was eight children, six of whom now survive.

Labelle, Captain Jean Baptiste, Montreal, M.P. for the county of Richelieu, was born at Sorel, province of Quebec, on 27th May, 1836. He is descended on the paternal side from a very old French-Canadian family, the first of whom came from France as a soldier, and after getting his discharge settled in the country. On the maternal side the family also came from France, and has been many years in the country. His father, Toussaint Labelle, was a navigator, and his mother was named Marguerite Genton Dauphine. Captain Labelle received his education in the parish school at Sorel; and as he grew up took to sailing craft on the St. Lawrence river. He soon became an expert navigator, and for over twenty-five years commanded one of the finest of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company’s passenger steamers, sailing between Montreal and Quebec. In 1880 Captain Labelle gave up sailing, and received the appointment of passenger agent at Montreal, of the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway Company; and in 1883 he was made general manager of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, which position he still holds. In 1868, at the general election then held, Mr. Labelle presented himself as a candidate for the Quebec Legislature for Richelieu county, but was defeated by the small majority of nine against him. At the general election held in 1887, he again presented himself to the same constituency, and was returned as a member of the House of Commons at Ottawa. As a commander, Mr. Labelle was one of the most popular who ever sailed the St. Lawrence. He was noted for his courtesy and forbearance; his ability, and his coolness and intrepidity, which he exhibited on several occasions, especially during the inundation of the Island of Sorel in 1865, and on the occasion of the burning of the steamer Montreal, in 1857. In politics, Captain Labelle is a Conservative; and in religion, a member of the Roman Catholic church. In 1856, he was married to Delphine Crébassa, daughter of Narcisse Crébassa, notary, of Sorel, a remote descendant of a Spanish family that at first emigrated to Holland, and from thence came and settled in Canada.

MacCoy, William Frederick, Q.C., Barrister, M.P.P. for Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Halifax, is a native of Ireland, he having been born at Lysrian, in the county of Longford, on the 15th May, 1840. His father, Thomas MacCoy, emigrated to Nova Scotia when William was only eight years of age. His mother, of whom he has no personal knowledge, died a few hours after giving birth to her boy; and his father died about twenty-four years ago. William Frederick MacCoy commenced his educational studies at the National School in Halifax, and graduated at Sackville Academy, New Brunswick. He adopted law as a profession, and was called to the bar of Nova Scotia, in 1864. On the 11th October, 1880, he was appointed a Queen’s counsel. He practised his profession in Shelburne for about nine years, and then removed to Halifax, and is now the head of the firm of MacCoy, Pearson, Morrison, and Forbes, barristers, notaries and solicitors in Admiralty. The firm does a large and lucrative law business. He was elected one of the aldermen of the city of Halifax, in 1881, and in 1882 was offered the position of attorney-general in the Liberal government of that day, but declined the honour, considering that his colleague had a prior claim. Mr. MacCoy was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia at the general election of 1878, but at the next general election, he succeeded in securing his election by 247 of a majority, and in January, 1887, he was again elected to his old seat. He is a Liberal in politics, and in religion an adherent of the Methodist church. In 1864, he received a commission as captain in the militia, and takes a lively interest in our citizen soldiers. The year after he joined the Masonic order, and is now a past master of St. Andrew’s lodge, Halifax. He, we are glad to say, is a strong temperance man, and for years, has taken a deep interest in the advancement of temperance legislature, and is the author of the present Temperance Act of Nova Scotia. He is a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars, and his eminent legal knowledge renders him a very useful member of his lodge, when constitutional questions come up for discussion. In the legislature he has won a position of prominence, and has aided in shaping to a great extent the progressive measures introduced of late years, and is one of the recognized leaders of his party. On the 14th July, 1868, he was married to Maud L., daughter of Robert P. Woodill, merchant, Shelburne, and has a family of two children.

Whidden, Charles Blanchard, ex-M.P.P. for Antigonish, Nova Scotia, was born at Antigonish, on the 5th June, 1831, and still resides in the place of his birth. He is the youngest son of John Blair Whidden, who was born in Stewiacke, Colchester county, N.S., in 1791, and great grandson of James Whidden, who immigrated from New Hampshire and settled in Truro in 1760. His mother, Harriet Elizabeth Symonds, was a daughter of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Symonds, who came from New Hampshire in 1804, and were among the first settlers in Antigonish. Mr. Whidden, sen., when a lad of ten years of age, having lost his father, spent some years with an elder sister in the district of St. Marys, and afterwards came to Antigonish in 1807, where he purchased a small property in what is now the town of Antigonish, and in December, 1816, married the mother of the subject of this sketch, the lady alluded to above. C. B. Whidden’s father was ordained to the Baptist ministry in 1834, and continued to labour for that denomination in the destitute parts of Nova Scotia until his death, which occurred on the 19th July, 1864. His wife survived him a number of years, and passed away to the higher life in May, 1878, wanting only two months of reaching her eightieth year. Charles was educated at the Grammar School and at the Academy in Antigonish. After leaving school, he continued on a farm for some time; but in 1863 he began business on his own account on a small scale, and devoting all his energies to what he had undertaken, soon became independent. He at one time was largely interested in shipping, and is still to a limited extent. In 1883 he retired from active business pursuits in favour of his two sons, David Graham and Charles Edgar. Mr. Whidden is a member of the Baptist church, and in politics a Liberal-Conservative. He ran as a candidate for a seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa in 1878, but was defeated by a small majority. Again, in June, 1882, he made another attempt to gain a seat in the Commons, but met with defeat. However, in September of the same year, he became a candidate in the local election, and was chosen to represent his native county in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. In this house he sat for four years, until the general election in 1886, when he suffered defeat on presenting himself for re-election, in consequence of the repeal cry, he being opposed to any change in the political status of his province so far as the Dominion is concerned. In 1866 and 1867 he showed himself strongly in favour of the confederation of the provinces, and worked hard in its favour. He is a strong believer in our common country, and predicts a great future for it. He always places country above and beyond all minor interests. In December, 1856, he was married to Eunice C. Graham, second daughter of the late Captain David Graham, and Mary Bigelow, his wife. The fruit of this marriage has been seven children, four of whom have been carried away by death. Two of his sons, as will be seen above, have succeeded their father in business, and his youngest son, Howard P., is now taking a college course at Wolfville.

Cuthbert, Edward Octavian J. A., Seignior of Berthier, ex-M.P. for the county of Berthier, province of Quebec, was born at the Manor House, Berthier (en haut), on the 3rd December, 1826. His father, the late Hon. James Cuthbert, was a scion of the Cuthberts of Castle Hill, Inverness-shire, Scotland; seignior of Berthier, province of Quebec; for many years a member of the Special Council of Lower Canada; and in his lifetime rendered valuable service to the state. His mother was Mary Louise A. Cairns. His grandfather, the first Hon. James Cuthbert, was seignior of the seigniories of Lanoraie, Berthier, and Maskinongé, and in his early days served in the Royal navy as a lieutenant. He was on board the flagship at the bombardment of Carthagena, and was selected to carry home to Britain the tidings of the capture of that stronghold. On his retirement from the navy he was appointed to the command of one of the independent military companies formed in Inverness, which afterwards was called the “Black Watch,” and is now known as the 42nd Highlanders, and for some time served in that regiment. While in Inverness he was presented with a handsome piece of plate by the citizens for special services. He afterwards joined the 15th regiment of foot, and assisted at the taking of Louisburg. He was also with General Wolfe at the battle of the Plains of Abraham, and had the honour of being selected by General Murray, to whom he acted as aide-de-camp, to carry to Britain the news of the fall of Quebec. On his return to Canada he again joined General Murray’s staff, and in this position he remained until peace was fully restored, when he retired from the army. He was then appointed by Lord Dorchester one of the members of the first Legislative Council formed after the conquest, and became one of the first permanent British settlers in Lower Canada. During the American revolutionary war he was particularly active in suppressing insurrection, and instilling into the minds of the Canadians sentiments of loyalty and attachment to the British Crown. Edward, the subject of our sketch, received his first education at the Berthier Academy, and then at Chambly College, at Chambly. Soon after leaving college he began to take an interest in public affairs, and was afterwards elected mayor of Berthier, and president of the County Agricultural Society. In 1867 Mr. Cuthbert entered the field of politics, and at the general election held in 1872 he ran in the Conservative interest, but was defeated. A few years afterwards his political opponent, Mr. Pâquet, having been called to the Senate, he again presented himself to the electors, and was returned by them as their representative in the House of Commons at Ottawa. From this time until the dissolution of the house in 1886 he occupied a prominent position in the legislature, when he was forced, through failing health, to abandon political life, and retire to his quiet home at Berthier. Mr. Cuthbert took a lively interest in the construction of the North Shore Railway; and has also done a good deal to improve the live stock in his native county. In politics he always sided with the Conservative party; and in religion is a member of the Roman Catholic church. On the 1st December, 1853, he was married to Mary, eldest daughter of Augustus Bostwick, who in his lifetime was an advocate and Queen’s counsel at Three Rivers, province of Quebec, and Georgiana Cuthbert (Mr. Cuthbert’s cousin), who was a daughter of the late Hon. Ross Cuthbert, seignior of Lanoraie and Maskinongé. Mrs. Cuthbert died in February, 1885, leaving two sons and twin daughters.

Baby, Hon. Judge Louis François Georges, Judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench of the Province of Quebec, was born in the city of Montreal, on the 26th August, 1834, and is descended from one of the oldest and most respected families in Quebec province. The founder of the family in Canada was Jacques Baby de Ranville, a nobleman from the south of France, who was an officer of the celebrated regiment of Carignan-Salieres, and arrived here in 1662. By the family records and papers it can be traced up to 1375 without interruption. Representatives of the family have distinguished themselves on the battle-field, as well as in the councils of the state both here and in France. Several of them have been knights of Malta and of St. John of Jerusalem. The last governors under the French régime, had many a time occasion to call the special attention of the king of France to the meritorious deeds and gallant actions of members of this notable family. Several of the distinguished men who bore this name were killed in these early days in battle. The grandfather of Judge Baby was the Hon. François Baby, an executive and legislative councillor of the province of Quebec, and in 1775, adjutant-general of the same province, who with his brother-in-law Charles Tarieu de Lanaudière, then aide-de-camp to Lord Dorchester, took a very active part in the stirring events of the time. His grandmother was Marie Anne de Lanaudière, a descendant of M. de Lanaudière, governor of Montreal in 1664, and of Madelon de Verchères, the heroine of “La Nouvelle France.” Judge Baby’s father was Joseph Baby, a colonel in the militia and long a notary public and prominent citizen of Joliette, where he died in 1871. His mother, Caroline Guy, was a daughter of the Hon. Louis Guy, in his lifetime king’s notary, and a member of the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec. The subject of our sketch, Judge Baby, was educated in St. Sulpice College, in his native city, and also at Joliette College. After leaving school, where he had attained high distinctions, he chose the law as a profession, and studied in the office of Drummond and Loranger, of Montreal, both of whom became ministers of the Crown and were afterwards made judges. However, previous to his admission to the bar, he entered the civil service of Canada, in the attorney-general’s department for Lower Canada and for several years occupied the position of clerk, under the government, but was invited by the late Sir G. E. Cartier to relinquish this position for a more extended field of usefulness. He was a particular friend of the late Chief Justice Harrison, who was also a clerk in the civil service at the same time as he. In 1857 he was called to the bar, and practised his profession in Montreal, in partnership with the Hon. Louis T. Drummond, when his health becoming impaired, he removed to Joliette, where he continued his practice with considerable success, in partnership with the late Hon. L. A. Oliver, who was appointed a judge in the superior court, in 1875, having been previously a legislative councillor and a senator, and was also mayor of that place for four or five terms. Though long deeply interested in politics, Mr. Baby did not enter public life until 1867, when he became a candidate for Joliette in the Dominion parliament. At this time, however, through the over confidence of his friends and supporters, he failed to be elected. Five years later, at the general election of 1872, he was returned by acclamation; was re-elected in 1874; unseated on petition on the 28th October of that year; was re-elected on the 10th December following, by a much larger majority; and again, at the general election in September, 1878, he was returned by a still increased majority. On the 26th of the next month, on the return of the Conservatives to power, he entered the cabinet with his friend the Hon. L. R. Masson, and was made minister of Inland Revenue. During the time he held this portfolio, he displayed great tact and firmness, and gave great satisfaction to the public. In 1875 he had the honour of introducing the bill for the abolition of the death penalty in cases of assault with intent to commit rape—a bill which was subsequently taken up by the Hon. Mr. Blake, the then minister of Justice, and carried through parliament. During his term of office, he successfully carried through the House of Commons acts for the consolidation and amendment of the weights and measures, the excise laws, stamp act, tobacco laws, etc., and took generally a very active and patriotic part in the affairs of the nation; in 1880 he retired from political life, and was made judge of the Superior Court of Quebec, and subsequently, in September, 1881, promoted to the Court of Queen’s Bench, which position he fills with dignity, and is very much respected by his confrères on the bench. Among the many praiseworthy deeds of Judge Baby’s life is the valuable assistance he rendered in the founding of the Montreal Historical Society, of which he has been an efficient member since its formation. He is himself a historian of some repute, having, like the late Chief Justice Lafontaine, devoted a good deal of his time in researches of a historical character, particularly with reference to Canada, and has brought together, not however without considerable expense and trouble, one of the finest collections of Canadian manuscripts in existence, and the historical department of his extensive library is especially rich and attractive in Canadian literature. He is an honorary member of the Institut-Canadien of Quebec, and also of Ottawa, and a member and the president of the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of Montreal. For this last branch of study Judge Baby seems to have a passion,—having devoted more or less time to it for a number of years—and his collection of coins and medals, foreign and domestic, is one of the best in Canada. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church, a prominent and much respected citizen, and a notable figure in literary and religious circles, and appears never to forget his family motto, “Dire vrai; faire bien.” In July, 1873, he was married to Maria Helene Adelaide, daughter of the late Dr. Berthelet of Montreal (knight of the order of St. Sepulchre of France), and Dame Helene Guy. They have no children.

Ritchie, Hon. Joseph Norman, Judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, Halifax, was born on the 25th May, 1834, at Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. His parents were Hon. Thomas Ritchie, judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Nova Scotia, and Anne, daughter of I. N. Bond, M.D., Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. Judge Joseph Norman Ritchie was educated at King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, where he took the degree of M.A. He afterwards studied law, and was called to the bar of Nova Scotia on the 30th November, 1857; was made a Queen’s counsel on 26th September, 1872; and was raised to the bench as a judge of the Supreme Court on the 26th September, 1885. For several years previous to his elevation to the bench he acted in the capacity of recorder for the city of Halifax. In 1859, on the organization of the volunteer militia in Nova Scotia, Judge Ritchie joined the force and continued in it and the active militia of Canada until 1879. He holds a lieutenant-colonel’s commission, bearing date 17th March, 1876. For several years he was also one of the directors of the Merchants Bank of Halifax. In religion the judge is and always has been an adherent of the Church of England. He has for wife Mary, daughter of John Cochran, of Newport, U.S.

Lorrain, Right Reverend Narcisse Zephirin, Bishop of Cythera and Vicar Apostolic of Pontiac, with his residence at Pembroke, Ontario, was born the 13th June, 1842, at St. Martin, county of Laval. His father, Narcisse Lorrain, is a descendant of that sturdy stock of pioneers who settled the northern district of the province of Quebec, and have representatives in the counties of Terrebonne, Two Mountains, Argenteuil, etc., and is considered one of the well to-do farmers of the rich county of Laval. Mr. Lorrain, sr., was married to Sophia Goyer. In 1855 Mgr. Lorrain was sent to the seminary of Ste. Thérèse, in the county of Terrebonne, where he commenced his classical studies. That institution, which had been founded some forty years before by the Rev. Messire Charles Ducharme, a venerable priest whose memory will for ever live in the hearts of the people of that district, was then under the direction of Messire Dagenais, superior, and Messire Nantel (an elder brother of the M.P.P. for Terrebonne), as prefect of studies. Messire Nantel is well known as a littérateur of no mean order, one of his principal works being a translation into French of Ollendorf’s English Grammar. These gentlemen soon discovered that the youth was an unusually bright pupil, and they resolved to spare no endeavour to further his studies, thinking, and not without good grounds, that in the future he would be an honour to the seminary. The career of Mgr. Lorrain has proved that they were not wrong, as he has taken a prominent place among the scores of other men of note who have graduated at that institution; among others the Hon. Théodore Robitaille, ex-lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec; Hon. Gédéon Ouimet, superintendent of public instruction, Quebec, and many members of parliament and senators, besides many lawyers and doctors. To a quick and perceptive mind, Mgr. Lorrain joined a sound judgment, with more than his share of energy, the latter quality being in fact one of the distinguishing traits of his character. It is to the knowledge of the writer of this sketch, who was a school mate of Mgr. Lorrain, that at the end of each month, when the notes were read by the director of the seminary, his conduct was always marked down as “exemplary.” One year he carried eighteen prizes in his class. He entered on the study of theology at the end of his classical course, teaching a class at the same time, and was beloved by the pupils under his charge on account of his kindly disposition and gentle manners, which were not, however, without an admixture of firmness. He knew how to instil the love of discipline which he himself possessed in such an eminent degree. In 1864, Mgr. Lorrain graduated at Laval University, where he received the degree of Bachelor of Sciences, and he was ordained priest on the 4th of August, 1867, being then appointed assistant director at the Seminary of Ste. Thérèse, which position he filled until the 15th of August, 1869, when he was appointed pastor to the congregation of Redford, Clinton county, in the state of New York. On the 3rd of August, 1880, he was promoted and appointed vicar-general of the diocese of Montreal. His appointment caused some surprise to a great many people who did not know him intimately; but the ability he displayed in the management of the affairs, and in the liquidation of the debts of the episcopal corporation, then in financial troubles, soon justified the choice the bishop of the diocese of Montreal had made of his person for such an important position as that of vicar general. And the surprise changed to wonder when two years later, being barely forty years of age, on the 21st of September, 1882, he was consecrated titulary bishop of Cythera and vicar apostolic of Pontiac, with place of residence at Pembroke, he being the first bishop of that diocese. In this new field of labour Mgr. Lorrain has distinguished himself, doing his utmost to concentrate the scattered elements of his extended but sparsely-settled diocese, and the energy and strong will which had characterised his student life were displayed on a larger scale, an instance of which may be cited from the fact of his having travelled, in 1884, a distance of 1,500 miles, in a bark canoe. And here we cannot do better than reproduce the account of this trip, which appeared shortly after his lordship’s return, in the Pembroke Standard, and is of great interest:

In 1887, Mgr. Lorrain travelled 1,700 miles on his pastoral visit to the Indian missions on the Upper Ottawa, Rupert’s Land and the Upper St. Maurice. His route was from Ottawa, via Pembroke, to Lakes Temiscamingue, Obaching, Kepewa, etc., thence to the source of the River du Molhe; from here through a chain of lakes to the “Lac Barrière” mission, now on Lake Wapous; thence to Lake Wassepatebi, lying between the province of Quebec and Rupert’s Land; through Cypress Lake, River Pekeskak, by a chain of five lakes, the Laloche river to Lake Waswanipi. The return trip was made by the same route as far as Lake Waswanipi, to the Mekiskan river and the upper waters of the St. Maurice; thence through various lakes, Lake Long, Lake Coucoucache and others to the Grand Piles. This involved a trip of 1,700 miles, mostly by water in bark canoe, occupying two months and six days, and 1,172 miles being travelled by canoe. The portages were from an arpent to four miles long, and there were 157 of them. During the five years Bishop N. Z. Lorrain has been in Pembroke he has paid an old debt of $11,000 on the church; built a magnificent episcopal residence at a cost of $18,000, upon which sum $8,000 has been paid; bought twenty-nine acres of land for a graveyard; purchased plots of sixteen acres of ground in the most beautiful part of the town, as sites for charitable institutions in the future. Mgr. Lorrain is an eminent English scholar. There is no doubt he is destined to do a great work for his country, and that his wise counsel will always have weight in the periodical councils of his church.

Coleman, Arthur Philemon, Ph.D., Professor of Geology and Natural History, Victoria University, Cobourg, was born on the 4th of April, 1852, at Lachute, province of Quebec. His father was the Rev. Francis Coleman, a minister of the Methodist Church of Canada, and his mother, Emmeline Maria Adams, was a descendant of John Quincy Adams. His early education was obtained in various public and high schools of Ontario, according to the station occupied by his father, as an itinerant Methodist minister; and this ended in a course of two years in Cobourg Collegiate Institute. In 1872, he matriculated in Victoria University, Cobourg, and after four years’ residence, graduated in 1876 as Bachelor of Arts, taking honours and a gold medal. On the advice of Dr. Haanel, whose eloquence and ability as a professor had inspired him to study science, he sailed for Europe, and in 1880, matriculated in the University of Breslau, in Prussia, Dr. Haanel’s alma mater. During four semesters he studied geology, mineralogy, botany, histology, chemistry, etc., under such distinguished men as Roemer, Cohn, Goeppert, Dilthey, Poleck, Liebisch, and others. His dissertation which was on the “Melaphyres of Lower Silesia,” and demanded hard work in microscopic petrography, as well as some months geologizing in the Giant Mountains, on the border between Silesia and Bohemia, was accepted, and after examination he was admitted to the degree of Doctor Philosophiae (cum laude) in 1882. While in Europe, Professor Coleman made numerous geological expeditions in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and Scandinavia, and most of one summer he spent in Norway, wandering on foot over the mountains and fields collecting specimens, and observing the results of glacial action. The most notable points in this journey were the ascent of Galdhoepig, the highest mountain in Norway, and a voyage along the coast to Hammerfest and the North Cape, to see the Lapps and the midnight sun. At Knivskjaerodden, a few miles from the North Cape, the ship on board of which he was, The Nordstjern, went ashore in a fog, and became wrecked on that bleak coast. The misfortune occurred at about two o’clock in the morning, but aided by the perpetual daylight, the passengers and crew succeeded in reaching shore, and within twenty-four hours thereafter, they were rescued by another steamer and landed at Hammerfest. After a short visit to France and England, he returned to Ontario, and towards the end of 1882, was inaugurated as professor of geology and natural history in Victoria University, Cobourg. Since that date he has continued in the same position, varying his life by journeys with geological ends in view; in this way he visited the Rocky Mountains, the valley of the Columbia, and the Selkirks, before the Canadian Pacific Railway was built, travelling by pack pony, canoe or on foot. The professor belongs to the Methodist church, and in politics is a Liberal.

Macdonnell, Rev. Daniel James, B.D., Pastor of West St. Andrew’s (Presbyterian) Church, Toronto. This popular minister was born at Bathurst, New Brunswick, on the 15th January, 1843. His father, the Rev. George Macdonnell, who was born in Kirkcaldy, Fifeshire, Scotland, came in childhood to Halifax, Nova Scotia, received his early educational training in the schools at Halifax, and finished his course of studies at the Edinburgh University. He afterwards was minister of St. Luke’s Church, (Church of Scotland), at Bathurst, from 1840 to 1851; spent two years in Scotland; came to Upper Canada in 1853, and was settled successively in Nelson and Waterdown, Fergus and Milton, and died at the latter place in 1871. His mother was Eleanor Milnes, who was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, and belonged to a branch of the family of Milnes, of Derbyshire, England. Daniel James Macdonnell, the subject of our sketch, began his education at Bathurst when but a lad of six years of age,—the study of Latin being included in his course at this unreasonably early age. He was afterwards sent to Scotland, and pursued his studies for some time at Kilmarnock and Edinburgh, and on his return to Canada, at Nelson, under the care of the late Dr. Robert Douglas, of Port Elgin, who taught at “The Twelve,” while he was prosecuting his studies. Mr. Macdonnell was then taken in hand by the late Dr. Tassie, then head master of the Galt Grammar School, who prepared him for the university. In October, 1855, when in his thirteenth year, he entered Queen’s College, Kingston, and he held the first place in classics and mathematics during his course there. In 1858 he graduated B.A., and two years later M.A. Some time after he took a portion of his theological course in the Queen’s Divinity Hall, Kingston, under Principal Leitch and Professor Mowat, and spent the session of 1863-64 in Glasgow, where Dr. Caird was professor of divinity. He completed his course in Edinburgh, having attended the classes of the late Professor Crawford and Robert Lee, and received the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. The winter of 1865-66 he spent in Berlin in acquiring some knowledge of the German language, and picking up whatever theological instruction he could gather from the imperfectly understood lectures of Professors Dörner and Hengstenberg. On the 14th June, 1866, he was ordained by the Presbytery of Edinburgh (Church of Scotland); and returning to Canada he was inducted to the charge of St. Andrew’s Church, Peterboro’, Ontario, on the 20th November, 1866, where he spent four years. He was then called to St. Andrew’s Church, Toronto, and inducted on the 22nd December, 1870. The advent of Mr. Macdonnell was the signal for an immediate revival of the condition of the church. He was young, energetic, and more than all, earnest and original in his preaching. Within a few years it was found that the old building was inadequate for the purpose, and a new and imposing structure was built at the corner of King and Simcoe streets, at the cost of $86,000 for building and $14,000 for additional ground. It is one of the finest and most complete in all details of the many fine church edifices in Toronto, and is built of stone in the Norman style, with a massive tower on the south-west angle. Mr. Macdonnell’s popularity has steadily increased year by year since he came to Toronto, and although some are inclined to consider him, from “the Westminster Confession” standpoint, rather liberal in his theological views, yet his large congregation listen with great satisfaction to his gospel of common sense, and are most sincerely attached to him. Rev. Mr. Macdonnell was one of the most cordial supporters of Presbyterian union, and contributed largely to its consummation in 1875. He is a member of the Senate of Toronto University, having been appointed by the Ontario government. He also takes an active part in works of charity, and indeed in everything that has a tendency to help and elevate humanity. During his college career, Rev. Mr. Macdonnell taught for about three years; was head master of Vankleek Hill Grammar School for six months, when only seventeen years of age; was assistant to Mr. Campbell (now Rev. Robert Campbell, D.D., minister of St. Gabriel street Church, Montreal) for a year in the Queen’s College Preparatory School, and head master of the Wardsville High School for a year and a half. While a student in Scotland, Mr. Macdonnell, during vacation, took a couple of walking tours with fellow students through Switzerland and parts of Germany, and since he settled in Canada he has taken several trips to Great Britain. On the 2nd of July, 1868, he was married to Elizabeth Logie Smellie, eldest daughter of the Rev. George Smellie, D.D., of Fergus. Rev. Dr. Smellie was one of the pioneer Presbyterian ministers of Western Ontario, and although now in his seventy-sixth year, he still preaches every Sunday to the people to whom he has ministered for forty-four years. There are four sons and a daughter in St. Andrew’s manse. Mr. Macdonnell’s eldest boy, George Frederick, aged fifteen, is attending Upper Canada College, and, taking after his father, occupies the position of head boy in his form.

Hunton, Sidney Walker, M.A., Professor of Mathematics in the University of Mount Allison College, Sackville, New Brunswick, was born in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, on the 4th July, 1858. His father, Thomas Hunton, was for a long time a leading merchant at the capital, and died a few years ago. His mother, Amelia Hunton, is still alive and resides at Ottawa. Professor Hunton was educated at the Collegiate Institute, Ottawa, where, in 1875, he won the two medals offered by Lord Dufferin for mathematics and classics. In September, 1876, he entered McGill College, Montreal, where he studied for two years, and won first scholarship in each year. In September, 1878, he won the Canadian Gilchrist scholarship of the value of £100 stg. per annum, tenable for three years, and then proceeded to London, England, where he studied at University College, making a specialty of mathematics. In June, 1881, he won the Rothschild scholarship of the value of £56, which was awarded for the greatest proficiency in mathematics in University College. He graduated at the University of London, in Oct., 1881, and was appointed assistant to the professor of mathematics in University College, and held the position for two years. In 1882 he became lecturer on mathematics in the Electrical Engineering College, London, which position he resigned in 1883, on being appointed to the professorship of mathematics at Mount Allison College, N.B. During his stay in Europe he also studied at Cambridge, England, and Heidelberg, Germany. He was married on December 25th, 1884, to Annie Inch, daughter of J. R. Inch, LL.D., president of Mount Allison College. Professor Hunton is a credit to “Young Canada,” and we hope many will be found imitating his example.

Kay, Rev. John, Pastor of the First Methodist Church, Hamilton, was born in the town of Napanee, Ontario, on the 20th of May, 1838. His father was Enoch Kay, who was born in the county of Wicklow, Ireland, in 1812. His mother, Elizabeth Coulson, was a native of Stockton, near Hull, England, and was born in 1815. His grandfather, Joshua Kaye (the family name was originally spelled Kaye) emigrated with the family from Ireland many years ago, and settled in the eastern part of Ontario, where he followed the same occupation as he had done in his native country, namely, that of wheelwright. He was a man of small stature, but of marked intelligence and great amiability of character, and a leader among the Methodists of his day. The wife of this worthy man was a Fitzhenry, a name of some considerable note in Ireland. She was tall and fine looking, and evidently had her early training in an advanced circle of society. Both died in the village of Newburg, and their bodies rest in the small rural cemetery near the village of Napanee Mills. His maternal grandfather was a miller from his youth up, and for several generations some of the Coulson family have been engaged in this business, and in that of shipbuilding in England. The father and mother were married in 1837, the year of the coronation of Queen Victoria, and took up their residence on a farm a short distance north of Napanee Mills. Here Mr. Kay, sen., farmed, and also carried on the trade of carriage-building and blacksmithing, employing a number of workmen. The farm he afterwards sold, and moved into the village of Newburg, where he engaged in the lumber business. Here young Kay received the rudiments of his education, first in a private school and afterwards in the Newburg Academy. When he had scarcely reached his fourteenth year his father died at the early age of thirty-nine, leaving a widow and three children in poor circumstances, the subject of our sketch being the oldest. This necessitated his giving up school and entering on the battle of life for an existence, his mother with the other children returning to her father’s home until he could provide for them elsewhere. After a hard struggle of several years he succeeded so well as to be able to bring the family again together, and he made a home for them at Cramborne, a small village about five miles north of Cobourg. Here he was led to think more seriously of religious matters, and made up his mind to consecrate himself to the work of the church. He at once set about preparing himself, and acted in the capacity of local preacher for some time. Having been relieved soon afterwards of much business anxiety, he gave himself up to labour and study. After a hard struggle he succeeded, and to his surprise and satisfaction, in the spring of 1862, he was informed by the officials of the Methodist New Connexion Church of Baltimore, Ontario, with which he had connected himself a few months before, that they would gladly recommend him to the work of the ministry, and on his case being brought before the conference he was appointed to assist the late Rev. S. B. Gundy, in the town of St. Mary’s. This was a fortunate circumstance for the young preacher, for the Rev. Mr. Gundy was a man of excellent ability and one of the finest preachers in the denomination. The death of the superintendent some time afterwards was a great loss to Mr. Kay. He then took up the course of study prescribed for his work, which by no means was a light one. His studies were now chiefly directed by the late Rev. William McClure, who was appointed at that time to the chair of theology, philosophy and literature, for the student probationers of the church, and under his able tuition he succeeded in mastering the curriculum appointed by the Board of Education of the conference. Since then he has been successful in gaining some knowledge of Latin and Greek, with a little of German, but still thirsts for more knowledge, as he considers all possible lines of study are needed by the efficient and progressive Christian minister. The Rev. Mr. Kay first began his ministry, as will have been observed, at St. Mary’s, and here he spent one year; next he went to Manvers, where he preached for two years; then he went to Ingersoll, and spent two more years; in Milton he preached for three years; in Waterdown for three years; Tilsonburg, two years; London, two years; then he again spent two years in Ingersoll; and then moved to Waterford, where he spent three years; in Thorold, three years, and for the last three years he has been in Hamilton. In 1872, when the subject of Methodist union was a live topic in the churches, Rev. Mr. Kay was secretary of conference, and contributed by both voice and pen to bring about union, and when this great movement was accomplished he was removed from Tilsonburg to London by the conference of 1875, and during his stay there he helped to build the Wellington Street Church and parsonage, which is now one of the most prosperous churches in the denomination. This reverend gentleman has been several times financial secretary of the districts in which he has been stationed; and in 1886 he was a representative at the General Conference which was held in Toronto. He has found time, also, to attend to the temperance movement. From boyhood he has been a teetotaller, having joined the Cadets of Temperance in Newburg, and subsequently entered the orders of the Sons of Temperance and Good Templars; and later held for two years the office of grand counsellor, and for three years that of chaplain in the Supreme Lodge of the Royal Templars,—which holds its annual sessions in the city of Buffalo, where the order was first organized in 1870. As a natural consequence he is a firm and uncompromising prohibitionist, holding that the only way to elevate the masses and improve the financial condition of the country is the entire abolition of the traffic in intoxicating drinks. Mr. Kay also belongs to the United Order of Workmen, and did for some time belong to the orders of Oddfellows and Foresters, but a few years ago found it necessary to retire from them. As we have seen, the subject of our sketch was brought up in the Methodist fold, and he has seen no reason since to change his belief in the doctrines that were taught him at his mother’s knee; but, nevertheless, he is not opposed to a progressive theology, and can see no reason why a person should be compelled to follow all the old methods of reasoning and forms of expression. The words of modern use are often as expressive as those used aforetime, and some of the old ones are none the worse for being used before. The Augustinian school of theology finds no favour with him. He believes in a free will—without the necessitarian adjuncts of such limitations as affords it only to a few favoured persons—the free and full salvation for all, and the kindest and most gracious invitation to all to come to the fountain and drink. The gospel freely offered is God’s expression of love. He has also devoted some time to literature, and in 1871 published a very interesting “Biography of the Rev. William Gundy,” his father-in-law. This volume was very favourably received, and highly praised by the press. He is a diligent student, and has also on several occasions contributed to the columns of our newspapers and periodicals. On the 20th of October, 1864, he was married to Eliza, second daughter of the Rev. William Gundy, who for more than half a century was a preacher of the gospel, and though now dead for over sixteen years, yet speaketh. Six of a family have been born of the union, four of whom survive, two sons and two daughters.

Macdonald, Rev. James Charles, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, is descended from an old Highland family, who emigrated to Prince Edward Island in the last century. His ancestors formed part of the gallant band brought out by the Laird of Glenaladale, in the Alexander in 1772. His father, John Macdonald, of Allisary, and his mother, Ellen Macdonald, of Garahelia, were natives of Prince Edward Island. Their son was born at Allisary, in the parish of St. Andrew, in that province, on the 15th July, 1840, and was baptised in the old St. Andrew’s Church, built in that mission, by Bishop McEachern, in the early days of Catholicity in Prince Edward Island. After preliminary studies in a district school, Mr. Macdonald entered St. Dunstan’s College in 1866. He remained there for four years, and in 1870, went up to the Grand Seminary, at Montreal. After a three years’ course, he was ordained by the Bishop of Charlottetown, and at once proceeded to St. Dunstan’s College, to fill a vacant professorship in that institution. In 1875, Mr. Macdonald was appointed to the missions of St. James, Georgetown, and All Saints, Cardigan Bridge. In 1876, the mission of St. Theresa, Baldwin’s Road, was added to these; but in 1878, it was placed in the charge of another priest. In 1881, the late Very Rev. Dr. Macdonald was associated with Father Charles Macdonald, in the care of the missions of St. James and All Saints, to which was annexed St. Paul’s, Sturgeon. In September, 1884, to the great regret of his parishioners, Father Macdonald was removed from Georgetown, and installed as rector of St. Dunstan’s College, Charlottetown. During the period in which he has presided over that institution, St. Dunstan’s has prospered exceedingly, and now boasts a staff of eight professors, three clerical and five lay, and a roll of eighty-six students, several of whom give promise of doing great credit to their alma mater.

Macpherson, Henry, Braeside, Owen Sound, Ontario, Judge of the County Court of the county of Grey, Local Judge of the High Court of Justice, Surrogate Judge of the Maritime Court, was born 17th August, 1832, at Picton, county of Prince Edward, province of Ontario. He was son of Lowther Pennington Macpherson, late of Picton, barrister-at-law, and of Eliza Isabella Louisa McLean, his wife. Lowther was the son of Lieut.-Colonel Donald Macpherson, of the 10th Royal Veteran Battalion, who commanded at Kingston at the commencement of the war with the United States in 1812; and was afterwards ordered to Quebec, where he remained till the close of the war in 1814, when he returned to his property of Cluny, near Kingston. Colonel Macpherson was the son of Evan Macpherson, chief of the clan Macpherson, who joined the standard of Prince Charles Edward Stuart at the time of the rebellion in Scotland in 1745. Lowther was born on shipboard, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, when his father was coming out to Canada with his regiment, and died at sea near the West India Islands, where he had gone for his health in 1836. Eliza Macpherson was the youngest daughter of Lieut.-Colonel Allan N. McLean, of “The Grove,” Kingston, and who practised law there. In 1812 he closed his office, and was greatly instrumental in raising the Incorporated Militia, which regiment he commanded until he was superseded by an officer of the line. One of his sons was a lieutenant in the Glengarry Fencibles, and was killed at Queenston Heights, and his son-in-law, Captain Walker, commanded a company of the Incorporated Militia, and was killed at Lundy’s Lane. Colonel McLean represented the county of Frontenac in the Provincial parliament for many years, in the early part of the present century, and was for sixteen years Speaker of the House of Assembly. Eliza Macpherson died in 1885 in her eightieth year. Henry Macpherson was educated at the Grammar School, Kingston, and afterwards at Queen’s College, where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts in April, 1851. He studied law in the office of Thomas Kirkpatrick, Q.C., of Kingston, who was afterwards M.P. for the county of Frontenac. He was admitted as an attorney in Easter term in 1854, after which he entered the law office of George A. Phillpotts, of Toronto, afterwards Junior Judge of the county of York, where he remained until called to the bar, in Hilary, term 1855. In March of that year, he commenced the practice of his profession at Owen Sound, in the county of Grey, where he continued until appointed judge of the County Court of that county in January, 1865. Owen Sound was at that time a portion of the township of Sydenham, but in 1856 it was incorporated as a town, having a population of about 2,000. It was the county town of the county of Grey, which, with the adjoining county of Bruce, was then comparatively a new settlement, the population of Grey, according to the census of 1852, being something over 13,000 and that of Bruce being between 2,000 and 3,000. The peninsula north of Owen Sound, between Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, was then a wilderness and not yet surrendered by the Indians. The roads through the counties were in a very bad condition, and until the opening of the Northern Railway to Collingwood in the winter of 1854-5, everything had to be brought to Owen Sound by vessel from Coldwater, or teamed up from Guelph. A few years after this, the county of Grey expended $200,000 in building about 180 miles of gravel roads through the country, on which no toll gate was ever placed, and the county of Bruce a few years after followed the example thus set of building a number of leading gravel roads through the county without placing toll gates on them. The population of the county of Grey at the last census, in 1881, was over 75,000, and that of Bruce over 65,000. A number of railways are now running through the counties, the Canadian Pacific Railway having a lake terminus at Owen Sound, which has a population of about 6,000, a dry dock capable of receiving very large steamers (the first built in Canada above the Welland Canal), an excellent system of waterworks, is lighted by electric lights, and to and from its harbour a large fleet of steamers (including the Canadian Pacific Railway’s steel steamships), and sailing vessels run to all the various ports on the upper lakes. Besides the position of county judge to which Mr. Macpherson was appointed in 1865, he holds the position of local judge of the High Court of Justice, to which he was appointed in March, 1882; of surrogate judge of the Maritime Court of Ontario, to which he was appointed in February, 1879, and of revising officer of the North Riding of Grey, to which he was appointed in October, 1885. Judge Macpherson has long taken a great interest in Freemasonry, into which he was initiated in June, 1857, in the city of Toronto, and in the fall of that year, assisted by other brethren, he opened a lodge in Owen Sound under a dispensation from Sir Allan Napier MacNab, grand master of the Ancient Grand Lodge of Canada, and of which lodge he was the first worshipful master. He is the only survivor of the original members of that lodge. The Ancient Grand Lodge was in July of the following year merged in the Grand Lodge of Canada. He has been a regular attendant at the meetings of the Grand Lodge, and in 1863 was elected grand senior warden. He has been, with the exception of two years, continuously a member of the Board of General Purposes since its formation in 1861, has frequently been and is at present vice-president of that board, and is also chairman of the sub-committee on jurisprudence. He is also the representative of the Grand Orient of Uruguay, and of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, near the Grand Lodge of Canada. He has also taken an active part in Capitular Masonry. He was exalted in February, 1858, and in 1866, assisted in the formation of a chapter in Collingwood, of which, in 1867, he became first principal. In 1873, he assisted in the formation of a chapter in Owen Sound, of which, at the commencement he was first principal. In Grand Chapter, after filling the chairs of 3rd and 2nd principal, he was, in 1883, elected grand first principal, which office he held two years. He is also representative of the Grand Chapter of California, near the Grand Chapter of Canada. He has also been instrumental in the formation or carrying on of many local and other societies. Judge Macpherson was the first secretary and afterwards president of the Mechanics’ Institute. He has been president of the North Riding of Grey Agricultural Society, and has been several times and is now president of the Horticultural Society, and has been vice-president of the Fruit Growers’ Association of Ontario. He was the first captain and several years president of the Cricket Club, was several years president and is now patron of the Curling Club, and has been president of the Ontario branch of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. He also, in 1874, assisted in the formation of a joint stock company to build a curling and skating rink, of which he was the first president. This was the first company formed for this purpose under the Ontario Act. He has also been president of the First Canada Rifle Club, of the Gun Club, and of the Fish and Game Protection Society, and is now chairman of the managing committee of the Owen Sound Club. In this age of locomotion his travels can hardly be considered important, yet he has travelled through Canada from Manitoba to Newfoundland, and through all the great lakes. He has been through most of the states east of the Mississippi from Minnesota to Florida; and has visited a number of cities of the United States from St. Paul and Minneapolis to New Orleans, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi. He was at the Paris Exhibition of 1867, the Centennial Exhibition held at Philadelphia in 1876, the Colonial Exhibition at London, and the International Exhibition at Liverpool in 1886. He has visited the Bahama Islands, and last winter travelled by sea from New York to New Orleans, up the Mississippi to Memphis, and across home by rail, paying visits to the different cities on the way, and also visiting the mammoth cave of Kentucky, his journey being nearly 5,000 miles. He has also visited most of the important cities and other points of interest in England and Scotland, including the islands of Skye, Staffa, Iona, Man, Wight, etc. During last summer, he also visited Egypt, including the Suez Canal, the Nile, Cairo, the Pyramids, the battle field of Tel-el-Kebir, etc., going by way of the Mediterranean and calling at Gibraltar and Malta, travelling in all nearly 15,000 miles. He is a member of the Church of England. In May, 1875, he married Eliza McGill McLean, second daughter of Allan N. McLean, formerly of Toronto, now of London, England, and grand-daughter of the late John McLean, formerly sheriff at Kingston, who was a brother of the late Hon. Chief Justice McLean, of Toronto; Mrs. Macpherson died in April, 1880, leaving two children, only one of whom still survives.

Campbell, Rev. Kenneth A., Orillia, Ontario, was born in the township of Thorah, Ontario county, on the 30th of November, 1837. His father, Kenneth Campbell, was born in the county of Glengarry, Ontario, and was one of the earliest settlers in the township of Thorah, and rendered most valuable assistance to the Scottish immigrants, who afterwards settled in that and neighbouring townships. Mr. Campbell was captain of militia. Rev. Mr. Campbell received the rudimentary part of his education in a public school of his native section, and afterwards made a full course, preparatory to ordination, in St. Michael’s College, Toronto, and was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Lynch, in St. Joseph’s Church, Beaverton, on the 21st of September, 1854. He was appointed assistant to the Very Rev. G. R. Northgroves, in the parish of Barrie, and in April, 1856, he was appointed parish priest of Mara and Orillia. In this charge he laboured with zeal for eight years. He built a neat substantial brick church in the village of Brechin; attended to the wants of the settlers of his faith in the district of Muskoka, and discharged efficiently the duties of local superintendent of schools in the townships of Mara and Rama. In June, 1872, he built the Church of the Angels Guardian, in Orillia, a solid structure of fine architectural design, and an ornament to the town. The interest of the congregation of Orillia requiring a resident priest, the village was erected into a separate parish, and Father Campbell was appointed to the charge in 1874. Upon his removal to Orillia, he set to work to erect the handsome presbytery in which he now resides. Subsequently he built a solid, well-planned, well-appointed separate school-house, and a tasteful brick church in the village of Warminster. He not only attends to the elementary instruction of the children under his care, but takes a deep interest in higher education. Four years ago he was appointed by the county council of Simcoe trustee of the High School Board, and on that board he has held the position of chairman for the four years that he has been a member thereof. Father Campbell has left his imprint for good in the various important positions he has held, and we hope he may be long spared to bless mankind.

Bruce, Rev. George, B.A., Pastor of St. David’s (Presbyterian) Church, St. John, New Brunswick, is a Scotchman by birth, having been born near Aberdeen, Scotland, on 6th of September, 1837. His parents were John Bruce and Elspeth Cadger. The family is an old one and can be traced far back in the annals of Scotland. The Simpsons (Sir George and Thomas), of Hudson Bay notoriety, were relatives, and Mr. Bruce, sen., remembers when young George Simpson came to bid them good-bye before leaving for America. Alexander Bruce, the eldest brother of John Bruce, was educated in King’s College, Aberdeen. When the Rev. George Bruce was only four years of age he was brought to Canada. The family settled in Markham, near Toronto, and there they have been extensively engaged in various kinds of business ever since, chiefly, however, in farming and milling. George, the subject of this sketch, after receiving the usual public school training, attended the Normal School in Toronto for some time; and in 1863 he went to Whitby, where, under Thomas Kirkland, now principal of the Toronto Normal School, he prepared himself for the university. In September, 1864, he matriculated in the University of Toronto, and four years afterwards he graduated from the same institution. While attending the university he devoted himself to general study, principally, however, in the direction of mathematics, metaphysics, political economy and natural science (especially in regard to its more modern developments, in which he took an exceptional interest). He then entered Knox College, in the same city, and from this college he graduated in 1871. While a student, Mr. Bruce became deeply impressed with the great loss sustained by the church through the frequent removal of student missionaries from their fields, on account of their return to college every winter to pursue their studies, leaving the fields unsupplied to the manifest and serious loss of the interest and organization which had resulted from the labours of the missionary during the summer. As licentiates were almost always settled in congregations at once upon the completion of their studies, the smaller and more sparsely settled mission fields were left almost entirely to the student supply in the summer vacation. It seemed to him that the only relief for this lay in getting students to give from one to two or more years of voluntary work to these fields after they were licensed, so as to bring them up to a stable and self-sustaining position. He wrote a considerable number of articles calling attention to this matter, and brought it before the General Assembly. In order to make practical trial and do, himself, what was recommended, he took such work for four years after he was licensed, declining to be ordained, though he is not sure of the wisdom of that part of his course now, as ordination gives additional fitness for the work falling to the hand of the missionary. The system, however, gradually gained favour, and is now almost universally put in practice in such fields, as far as young men can be found willing to undertake such work. Rev. Mr. Bruce’s field lay in the region of Newmarket and Aurora, Ontario, which, though old and prosperous settlements, had suffered very much so far as the Presbyterian church was concerned, from the system he had spoken of. Two brick churches were built during the four years he resided there, and the congregations were separated soon after and are both prosperous. In September, 1876, he was ordained over the First Presbyterian Church in St. Catharines, Ontario, where he remained seven years. This charge had been one of the congregations established by the American Church, and retained its name as such and its connection with the Presbytery of Buffalo till immediately before his ordination. He was, therefore, the first minister in the new relation, although it was a very old congregation. During his ministry a brick church, the one now in use, was erected. Rev. Mr. Bruce was for six years convener of the Home Mission Committee of the Presbytery of Hamilton, and member of the General Home Mission Committee of the church. In 1881 he was sent out with the Rev. Dr. Cochrane by the Home Mission Committee to visit the churches in Manitoba, and to meet with the presbytery and arrange for the designation of the Rev. James Robertson as superintendent of missions, as well as for the settlement of various other questions which had been before the committee. On his way up to fulfil this appointment he was on the steamer City of Winnipeg when she was burnt at Duluth. The fire took place at night and five lives were lost, the others escaping with difficulty. Besides church work he has always had a deep interest in educational matters, and has written a good deal in connection with our system from time to time. In January, 1883, he was inducted into his present charge, St. David’s Church, St. John, New Brunswick. The congregation was one formed at the disruption as the Free Church, and is a large and active one. Here as formerly he has taken a deep interest in home mission work. Within the bounds of the large presbytery there is a vast field. He is convener of an “Augmentation Committee” for enlarging the salary of ministers in weak charges. Rev. Mr. Bruce’s travels have not been great, although somewhat extended on this continent, and almost incessant at times in church work. His trip in 1881 to the North-West was an interesting experience of the “trail and tent” life, as the Canadian Pacific Railway was only commenced, and he passed the men at work several times. They had then attained a rate of one mile per day, which was considered a wonder, although this speed of track-laying was afterwards increased to three or even four miles per day. His religious views have continued much the same in general principles. He is a Presbyterian, and therefore, of course, a Calvinist in doctrine. He has gone over all the ground carefully in connection with scientific difficulties and other new phases, and with a mind, so far as he knows, open to receive impressions and conviction. He believes much enlargement has come from the study of Science in connection with Religion, but has seen nothing to cause him to change his faith in the “old doctrines.” It has been, he thinks, man’s narrow, mistaken, and prejudiced construction of Bible teaching which has been the source of the weakness, wherever there has really been a weakness. What is needed is practical adaptation of teaching, preaching, and modes of work to the requirements of the age. Broad sympathy and charity is the very pith and marrow of the Gospel, and unswerving loyalty to the truth where it is perceived. He has read extensively in rationalistic literature, the “new theology” and evolutionary theories of revelation and man. He admires the scientific spirit and patient research, but is deeply impressed with the rash and superficial nature of much of the theorising so confidently asserted. It is unscientific and unreliable. On the 18th June, 1884, Rev. Mr. Bruce was married to Catherine Emily, third daughter of the late John R. Dickson, M.D., president of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Kingston, Ontario, and medical superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane there. Dr. Dickson’s name is widely known in the medical profession. He was especially celebrated as a surgeon, and in the midst of a very extensive practice he found time to keep himself abreast of the scientific progress of the age, and to take an active interest in many matters of moral beneficence and religion. He came from Ireland when quite young, part of the family remaining at home.

Stewart, John, Superintendent of the Northern Division of the New Brunswick Railway, Woodstock, New Brunswick, was born at St. Andrews, N.B., on the 2nd February, 1845. His father, Duncan Stewart, was in early life a colour-sergeant in the rifle brigade, and afterwards became an officer in the Customs department, and served in that capacity at St. John and at St. Stephen. John was educated at the St. Stephen and Calais High schools. Some time after leaving school he entered the Customs service, and acted as weigher and gauger at St. Stephen in 1864-5, when he was appointed to the position of conductor on the New Brunswick and Canada Railway, and acted as such until 1874, when he was promoted to a superintendency. In 1882, after the consolidation of the line with the New Brunswick Railway Company, he was appointed to and filled the office of general superintendent until 1885, and then was made superintendent of the Northern division, which office he now fills. Having a taste for military affairs, he joined the volunteers when a mere youth, and held the rank of captain in the St. Stephen Infantry School, and saw a good deal of active service during the Fenian invasion of our frontiers. In 1872 he was made a Freemason, and has ever since taken an interest in the order. Mr. Stewart is a member of the Presbyterian denomination. In 1874 he was married to Susan A. Haddock, daughter of J. Haddock, of St. Andrews, and has a family consisting of three children.

Workman, Joseph, M.D., Toronto, was born in Ballymacash, near the town of Lisburn, Ireland, on the 26th May, 1805. He is descended from an illustrious ancestry, the first of whom is noticed by Neale in his history of the Puritans, namely, the Rev. William Workman, who was lecturer at St. Stephen’s Church, in Gloucester, England, from 1618 to 1633, and whom the historian describes as a man of great piety, wisdom and moderation. About that time Archbishop Laud had assumed power, and was addressing himself with great energy to stemming the tide of reformation which had set in. The images and pictures were restored to the churches, and the clergy had begun to array themselves in gorgeous vestments, such as those used by the clergy of the Roman Catholic church. The Rev. Mr. Workman could not brook this state of things; and in one of his sermons stigmatized pictures and statues of the founders of Christianity, the fathers, and other eminent persons, as unfit ornaments for churches, and declared that to set up images of Christ or of the saints in the private houses was according to the Homily unlawful and tended to idolatry. This sermon having been reported to Laud, the Rev. Mr. Workman was brought before the Court of High Commission, and after a short trial was convicted of heresy, deposed and excommunicated. He now opened a school in order to support his family, but as an excommunicated person he was inhibited from teaching youth. He then commenced the practice of medicine, in which he had some skill, but the archbishop forbade, and the result was that not knowing where to turn to support his family, he fell into a settled melancholy and died. These circumstances eventually made a deep impression on his children; and they eagerly joined the parliamentary army, in which William Workman, from whom the Canadian Workmans spring, held a commission, and was one of those who met the charge of Prince Rupert on the field of Naseby. This William served until 1648, when he went over to Ireland with Oliver Cromwell; and on the close of the Irish campaign he retired from military life, receiving as a reward for his services a grant of the two town lands of Merlacoo, and two sizeacks in the county of Armagh. Of these lands the old soldier held possession for only a short time. He was in the midst of a hostile population, different in race and religion, with bitter memories of defeat, and a passionate hunger for vengeance, born of what they considered great wrongs. During Tyrconnel’s administration he removed to county Down, near Donaghadee, whence he was obliged to flee and shelter his old age behind the walls of Derry, soon to be invested by King James’ army. He must have succumbed to the appalling privations of the siege, as his name does not appear in the history of an event which is so familiar in all its details. When at last the besieging army, a long column of pikes and standards, was seen retreating up the left bank of the Foyle, William Workman’s two sons and their wives emerged from the war-scarred walls of Derry and settled in the county of Antrim. One of the brothers settled at Brookend Mills, near Coagh, whence he removed to Monymore, to take charge of the mill there, and for more than a century this mill remained in charge of successive generations of Workmans. Joseph Workman, the father of the subject of our sketch, was the last of the family who resided at the Monymore mill. This gentleman having made a visit of three years to the United States, returned to Ireland and took up his abode at Ballymacash, near the town of Lisburn, where his family, nine in number, were born, all of whom ultimately came to Canada, and have left their mark on its history. As will be seen from the above, the father of Joseph Workman was of English descent, but his mother, Catharine Gondy, was descended from a Scottish family. Joseph received his English education from a Mr. Shields, and he was taught classics by J. Nealy, in Lisburn, Ulster, and studied medicine in McGill College, Montreal. In 1836 he came to Toronto, where he successfully practised his profession until July, 1853, when he was appointed by the government as medical superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane at Toronto. This position he filled with entire satisfaction until July, 1875, when he asked to be relieved of the responsibility. And here we may say, Dr. Workman deserves well of his adopted country, for no one could possibly have done more to bring the institution over which he presided for so many years to a comparative state of perfection, and to make the unfortunates under his care more comfortable and happy. Dr. Workman is of a literary turn of mind, and has contributed largely to various journals in the United States and Canada. He is an associate member of several scientific societies in Britain, Italy, the United States and Canada. He was one of the commissioners appointed by the government to enquire into the affairs of King’s College and Upper Canada College in 1848-50. In religion the doctor may be styled a progressive liberal, and is willing that all should search out the truth for themselves. He has generously supported the Unitarian Church in Toronto from its infancy. In consequence of close devotion to duty he has not been able to travel much, yet he is very familiar with all parts of Canada. On the 30th May, 1835, he was married to Elizabeth Wassridge, a native of Sheffield, England. This estimable lady died 16th May, 1885. The fruit of this union has been six children, of whom three sons and two daughters now survive.

Campbell, George W., A.M., M.D., LL.D.—The late Dr. Campbell was born in Roseneath, Dumbartonshire, Scotland, in 1810. He entered early on his medical studies, which he pursued in the Universities of Glasgow and Dublin. After graduating with distinction he came to Canada in May, 1833, and settled in Montreal. His marked ability soon placed him in the front ranks of his profession, and gave him a large share of city practice. The success following him naturally led to his being very frequently called in consultation by his confrères, and for many years before his death very few cases of any importance were treated in Montreal without the advice of Dr. Campbell having been obtained. His sound knowledge of pathology, and naturally clear insight into the varying shades of distinction between clinical conditions apt to resemble each other, made him an expert in diagnosis. Surgery was always his forte, and his great reputation chiefly made by many successful achievements in operative work. In 1835 Dr. Campbell was appointed to the chair of surgery in McGill University, which position he continued to hold with credit to himself and great advantage to the school until 1875—exactly forty years—when, owing to failing health, he resigned. He was made dean of the faculty in 1860, taking then the place of the late Dr. Holmes. The duties of this office he fulfilled even after his resignation of the chair of surgery, and it was only in March, 1882, that Prof. Howard was appointed acting dean in order to relieve him of some necessary work and supply his place during temporary absences. For nearly half a century Dr. Campbell’s name was identified with the medical faculty of McGill University, and it was largely due to his ability as a teacher of surgery that this school attained the high degree of popularity which it has so long enjoyed. As its dean, he always possessed the fullest confidence of his colleagues, and under his able management its policy was always dignified and liberal, whilst internal dissensions were entirely unknown. Dr. Campbell did not write much for the medical journals. “Deeds, not words,” was his motto. But his work as a successful teacher, and as a member of the corporation of the university, led to the appropriate bestowal of the honorary degree of LL.D. His style of lecturing was free from all oratorical effort, but it was clear, forcible and impressive. Hundreds of practitioners throughout this continent and elsewhere owe the foundations of their surgical knowledge to Dr. Campbell’s early teaching. As the acknowledged head of the profession in Montreal, he was often called upon to entertain strangers and professional visitors, and most worthily did he perform this duty. His house always held for such a true-hearted Scotch reception, for he was a warm-hearted host, and his pleasant, cheery manner, his sparkling reminiscences, his stores of learning always bright, his animated conversation, made an evening spent in his company always something to be remembered. He took great pleasure in seeing his friends around him, and all know well the kindly and generous hospitality which for years has been dispensed from his house by himself and his talented family. For some years previous to his death Dr. Campbell suffered from bronchitis, and was obliged to retire from active practice and give himself more rest. He had also suffered from slight attacks of pneumonia, and when in London, in 1882, on a visit, pneumonia again set in, but being somewhat better, he went to Edinburgh, where, however, more serious symptoms showed themselves, and he expired on the 30th of May of that year. The example of such a man as Dr. Campbell cannot fail to be productive of great good. An accomplished physician and skilful surgeon, an upright, honourable citizen, a kind and considerate friend to the poor, a loved and honoured counsellor of the rich, zealous in business but scrupulously honourable, a firm protector of the dignity of his profession, and, above all, a thoroughly consistent Christian gentleman.

Coburn, George Hayward, M.D., Physician and Surgeon, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Sheffield, Sunbury county, N.B., on the 10th March, 1855. His parents were Moses Henry Coburn and Hepzibah Coburn. He received his literary education at the Sunbury Grammar School, and at the University of New Brunswick. Having chosen medicine as a profession, he spent some years at the University of Pennsylvania, United States, in study, with that end in view, and graduated from that institution with honours in 1875. On his return to his native province he began the practice of his profession, and has succeeded in building up a large business. In 1883 Dr. Coburn was appointed health officer in Fredericton, and still retains the position. In 1885 he was chosen a member of the Board of Health for the same city; and in 1887 he was chosen chairman of the board. During the same year he was appointed a member of the Provincial Board of Health. In religion he is an adherent of the Methodist church; and in politics is a Liberal. On the 19th June, 1878, he was married to Mary Gamble, of Philadelphia, U.S. Their family consists of two children.

Foster, James Gilbert, Q.C., Barrister, Halifax, was born on the 13th of June, 1839, at Aylesford, Kings county, Nova Scotia. His father, Rufus Foster, was descended from a family of the United Empire loyalists, who took refuge in Nova Scotia at the time of the American revolution; and his mother, Christina Foster, was of Scotch descent, having come when about seven years of age with her parents from Scotland, and the family settled in the same province. James Foster received a common school education, and studied law with the Hon. Alexander James. On the 10th of May, 1864, Mr. Foster was admitted an attorney-at-law and barrister, of her Majesty’s Supreme Court of Judicature; and the 20th of May, 1865, he became a partner with Mr. James in his legal business, and this partnership continued until Mr. James was elevated, in January, 1877, to the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, as judge in Equity, when a dissolution took place. Mr. Foster then took his brother, William R. Foster, into partnership with him, and now the old business is carried on by the new firm. On the 23rd February, 1867, he was appointed a notary public; and on the 9th of October, 1878, he was made a Queen’s counsel by the Nova Scotia government. In September, 1863, Mr. Foster was appointed first lieutenant of the 6th regiment, Halifax county militia; and on the 19th of June, 1865, was promoted to the captaincy of the 5th company of the same corps. He attended the Military School of Instruction at Halifax, and passed an examination, taking a second-class certificate for candidates for commissions in the active militia, November 12th, 1869. In August, 1883, he was appointed major in the reserve militia, of the Nova Scotia regimental division of the county of Halifax, from No. 7 company division. From May, 1879 to May 1882, he held the office of recorder and stipendiary magistrate of Dartmouth; and on the 29th of May, 1879, was appointed justice of the peace for the county of Halifax. On the 6th of July, 1884, he was made a commissioner for arranging and preparing for the press, and indexing the fifth series of the Revised Statutes of Nova Scotia; and in August, 1886, was appointed registrar of the Court of Probate for the county of Halifax. From June, 1877, to March, 1886, Mr. Foster held the position of vice-consul for the Netherlands, at Halifax. During the years 1880 and 1881, he negotiated with several railway syndicates, for the purpose of carrying out the scheme for the amalgamation and completion of the Nova Scotia railways, proposed by the Local government of the time; and in 1881, he was authorized by Cyrus W. Field and associates, who were large owners of the Pictou coal mines, to negotiate proposals for that purpose with the Local government and the late Sir Hugh Allan, then owner of the Eastern Extension Railway in Nova Scotia—one of the railways in question. The government was, however, pledged to what was known as the Plunkett syndicate, which, finally fell through, and the government was defeated in the general elections of the following year, 1882. The policy of the succeeding government being averse to the scheme for railway amalgamation, and railway interests becoming in the meantime much depressed, Mr. Field and his friends did not care to renew their proposals. Mr. Foster was brought up and has always been a member of the Church of England. He has represented the parish of Dartmouth, as a lay delegate in the Synod of the Diocese of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, since April 13th, 1874; and on the 23rd of April, 1879, was made one of the executive committee of the Synod. During the years 1877, 1883, and 1886, he represented the same diocese, as one of its delegates in the Provincial Synod of Canada. Mr. Foster is a Liberal in politics; and at the general election in 1882, was a candidate for the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, but failed to secure his election, having been defeated by a trifling majority.

Barker, Frederic Eustace, M.A., D.C.L., Q.C., M.P., St. John, New Brunswick. F. E. Barker is a native of Sheffield, in the county of Sunbury, in the province of New Brunswick, where he was born on the 27th December, 1838. His father, the late Enoch Barker, has been dead for some years. The family settled in Sheffield at the time of the American revolution, having before that resided in Massachusetts. Mr. Barker, jr., was educated at the Sunbury Grammar School, principally under the tuition of the Rev. George S. Milligan, M.A., now superintendent of Education in Newfoundland. He matriculated at King’s College, Fredericton (now the University of New Brunswick), in June, 1853, and graduated as B.A. in June, 1856. At his degree examination the examiners voluntarily recommended him for honours, which the College Council accordingly granted. He was admitted to the degree of M.A. in June, 1858; B.C.L. in December, 1861; and D.C.L. in June, 1866. He took all these degrees in regular course from the University of New Brunswick, an institution in which he has always taken an active interest. Mr. Barker was principally instrumental in the formation of “The Associated Alumni of the University of N.B.,” was for some time president of that body, and one of its representatives in the University Senate. He is also one of the Civil Law Examiners for this University. In June, 1856, Mr. Barker was entered as a law student with the late Justice Fisher, then a practising barrister at Fredericton. In June, 1860, he was admitted an attorney of the Supreme Court, and a year later he was called to the bar; and in April, 1873, he was appointed a Q.C. by the Dominion government. Mr. Barker commenced practice at Grand Falls, in New Brunswick, but only remained there a few months, when he removed to the city of St. John, where he has since resided and practised. In 1863, he formed a partnership with the present Justice Wetmore (then one of the leaders of the N.B. bar), which continued until that gentleman went on the bench in 1870. In 1875, Mr. Barker was appointed by the Provincial government one of the commissioners for consolidating the Statutes of New Brunswick. Mr. Barker at one time took an active interest in militia matters. In May, 1864, he was gazetted ensign; in August of the same year lieutenant; in February, 1865, captain, and in July, 1868, major in the St. John city Light Infantry. He has been for many years one of the benchers and a member of the council of the Barristers’ Society of N.B., and a member of the council of the St. John Law Society. He is now vice-president of the Barristers’ Society; president of the St. John Bridge and Railway Extension Company, and one of the directors of the St. John Gas Company. Mr. Barker has always belonged to what is now known as the Liberal-Conservative party in politics. When the retirement of Sir Leonard Tilley, in October, 1885, caused a vacancy in the representation for the city of St. John in the House of Commons, Mr. Barker was almost unanimously elected as the Liberal-Conservative candidate by a large and influential committee nominated to choose a candidate; and at the election which took place on 24th November, 1885, he was elected to the House of Commons by a majority of 112, about the same as that usually obtained by Sir Leonard, his predecessor. Mr. Barker is a member of the Church of England. He has at times visited the chief cities in Great Britain, United States and Canada. He was married (first) at St. John, in October, 1865, to Elizabeth Julia, daughter of the late Edward Lloyd, of the R. E. civil staff, who died in January, 1874; and (second) to Mary Ann, daughter of the late B. E. Black, of Halifax, and niece and adopted daughter of the late Justice Wilmot, who was the first lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick after confederation. By the first marriage Mr. Barker has one son and two daughters, and by the latter two daughters.

Murphy, Owen, Quebec, M.P.P. for Quebec West, was born at Stoneham, in the province of Quebec, on 9th December, 1829. He is descended from a long line of illustrious ancestors, as may be seen on referring to the “Chronicles of Leinster.” This authority says; “The O’Murphys, the O’Murchoes, or Murphy, are descended from Henry Feling, chieftain of the Murroes, now called Macamores, in the Barony of Ballaghkeen, in the county of Wexford. They were in possession of it before the English invasion. This Feling was son of Cuma-Kinsellagh, King of Leinster, in the fifth century. The head of the family, in 1634, lived in Tubberlimmach. He was Connell O’Murchoe, gentleman, the eldest son of Donnell More, ‘The O’Murchoe,’ son of Art, son of Tiege. This Connell died in 1634, and was buried in Castle Ellis [the burial-place of Mr. Murphy’s family in the county of Wexford.—Ed.]. He left five sons: Tiege was the eldest, he remained in Wexford; also James, who possessed an estate in Killincoolly, taken from him by Cromwell. Art went to county Louth in 1641; his descendants remained in the north. Another, named Laughlin, lived in Ballyoughna.” The Murphys of Ballainonlart House, in Wexford, have been known for generations as one of the most popular families in that district, and we believe we are correct in affirming that Owen Murphy’s father was the only member of the family who settled in this country, which he did in the early part of the present century. Many people still living in the city of Quebec remember well the generous and liberal spirit that at all times actuated him, and this, combined with his peculiarly rich attainments and cultivated mind, rendered him a highly popular citizen, and when death came, caused him to be greatly regretted. None the less eminent were his three brothers, all of whom attained for themselves very high ecclesiastical honors and dignity, one of whom being for many years bishop of Ferns, in Ireland. Owen Murphy was educated under Robert H. Scott, of Edinburgh, a gentleman of high culture, with a reputation far above ordinary as a tutor. His commercial training was received in the offices of Ross, Shuter & Co., and H. J. Noad & Co., two of the most important lumber, ship-owning, produce and milling firms then in the city or province of Quebec. Mr. Murphy’s aptitude and zeal in his profession gained for him the commendation of his employers, and the result was that he soon became not only a favourite with them, but with the public generally. He was elected to serve in the city council, as representative for St. Paul’s ward, the most important business section of the city, and for several years faithfully served the citizens in that capacity. In 1874, as a mark of the high esteem in which he was held, he was chosen mayor of the ancient capital; and as a further mark of esteem he was again, in 1876, elected for another term of two years. During the period he occupied the position of chief magistrate he exhibited such zeal for the city’s welfare that on his retirement from office he carried with him the esteem and best wishes of his fellow citizens. And here we may say that the improvements suggested by Lord Dufferin, when he was governor-general of Canada, and which have made Quebec one of the most beautiful places for the tourist in which to spend a few days, were suggested when Mr. Murphy was mayor, and through combined efforts they were carried out to a successful conclusion. In August, 1875, while Mr. Murphy was mayor of Quebec, he paid a visit to Britain, and of course to the land of his forefathers. The Wexford Independent thus kindly alludes to the event:

Mr. Murphy is a justice of the peace for the city and district of Quebec; a director of the Quebec Central Railroad; has been president of the St. Patrick’s Society; president of St. Patrick’s Literary Society; for four years president of the Quebec Turf Club, and was one of the committee of management of St. Patrick’s Church, prior to the change being made in the temporal administration of that church. In 1880 he was elected president of the Quebec Board of Trade, and the following year was again unanimously elected for another term. At the general election held in 1866 he was elected to represent Quebec West in the local legislature. In politics he is a Liberal, but is in favour of the national policy. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He was married in 1857 to Elizabeth, daughter of the late James Loughry.

Smith, Rev. H. Percy W., Rector of St. Paul’s Church, Dunnville, Ontario, was born at Islington, London, England, on the 13th September, 1837. His parents, William and Mary Smith, are both alive, and residing in Canada. Rev. Mr. Smith received his early education at private schools in his birthplace, and when thirteen years of age entered a wholesale drapery establishment, where he continued for about seven years. This business not being entirely in accordance with his taste, he abandoned it, and entered St. Augustin’s College, Canterbury, to study for the ministry. In February, 1864, he bade farewell to England, and set sail on the Bohemian steamship for Canada. When eighteen days out the Bohemian struck the rocks near Portland, and became a total wreck, and through this mishap he unfortunately lost his library and outfit. Shortly after reaching Canada, in 1864, he was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Ontario, and two years afterwards, priest by the Bishop of Montreal. For the past ten years he has been rector of St. Paul’s Church, at Dunnville, and is very much respected by his parishioners. He was married in 1866 to Lizzie, third daughter of the late Colonel Edwards, of March, Ontario.

Mackay, Alexander Howard, B.A., B.Sc., F.S.Sc. (Lond.), Pictou, Nova Scotia. Alexander Mackay, the paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, and the progenitor of a numerous family, many of whom are favourably known in Canada as members of the learned professions, was born in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in 1762. He emigrated to Mount Dalhousie, in the county of Pictou, Nova Scotia, in 1822, took up several hundred acres of land for farming, and in 1847 died, loved and revered by a large community who looked up to him as a patriarchal chief. His second son, John Mackay, was born in Sutherlandshire, in 1810, and emigrated with his father and the rest of the family in 1822. In 1836 he travelled through a portion of the United States of America, and Ontario, in Canada, where he took up some land; but finally settled down on the old homestead. In 1847 he married Barbara Maclean, who was born at Roger’s Hill, in the county of Pictou, in 1823. Her father, John Maclean, was born in the west of Scotland, about 1758, and died at Roger’s Hill in 1848. From this marriage came a family of seven boys and three girls. The eldest, Alexander Howard Mackay, was born on the 19th May, 1848. His father was a man of remarkable probity of character, of very superior intellectual powers, and enthusiastically patriotic. In addition to the farm, a mechanic’s shop, with a turner’s and cabinetmaker’s tools and machinery, supplied the ways and means. There was no luxury, however. Hard manual work, alternated with study, was used in developing the various and versatile powers of the whole man. The play of mechanical ingenuity, original constructive effort, and acute investigation, filled the hours of recreation. This family discipline was a perfect success. The father, John Mackay, died February 22nd, 1879. The mother is living in good health at the date of writing, August, 1887. Young Alexander could read and write before he went to the public school, which was two miles distant. The farm and the school divided his time; but the leisure hour found him constructing a sextant, theodolite, or transit instrument, which he never previously saw, and with which he made remarkably accurate measurements; or making some apparatus to demonstrate a law in physics or chemistry; or exploring the natural history of the picturesque glen running through the homestead. In 1865 the trustees of the school section pressed him to take charge of their school. Although he had no license, never having thought of becoming a teacher, he accepted the position. In 1866 he graduated at the head of his class from the Provincial Normal School at Truro. In 1867 he attended the Pictou Academy, and at the provincial examination of teachers following, won the first place. In the fall of 1869 he matriculated in Dalhousie College, and for four years was a leading prizeman in his classes. He graduated a B.A. in April, 1873, with special honours in mathematics and physics. He was also the valedictorian of his class, and was for the last three years of his undergraduate course an editor of the college paper, The Dalhousie Gazette. He also took classes in the School of Science in the Provincial Museum, under the provincial geologist, Dr. Honeyman; and in the Medical College, then affiliated with Dalhousie. After graduation he was appointed principal of the County Academy at Annapolis Royal, and a few months later received the unsolicited appointment to the principalship of the Pictou Academy and public schools of Pictou, which position he holds at present. He assumed charge of the Pictou Academy, November 1st, 1873, since which time the staff and attendance of the institution have been more than doubled. In 1874 he was elected president of the Education Convention of Nova Scotia, a position to which he was re-elected. From this time he has taken a very active and forward part in promoting educational reform through the press and otherwise. In 1876 he spent a portion of the year in studying the educational appliances in the leading cities of the eastern United States. His efforts culminated in 1881, in the erection of the present Pictou Academy, one of the finest and best equipped academic buildings in Canada. Its facilities for scientific teaching are greater than are those of many colleges. In 1880 he graduated a B.Sc. from the University of Halifax, with first class honours in biology. In addition to his educational work, he has also found time to engage in original scientific investigation. His papers or work may be found in the “Proceedings” of several scientific societies. His popular scientific writings have been numerous and widely diffused. In 1884 he was elected a member of committee of the Biological section of the British Association meeting in Montreal. In 1886 he was elected a fellow of the Society of Science, Letters and Art, London. And the same year he was elected president of the Alumni of Dalhousie College and University; and also, president of the Nova Scotia Summer School of Science. He knows no rest, for at the same time he is a member of a multitude of local societies, and in every sense an active citizen. He is a member of the Kirk Session of St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church in Pictou; but also contributes to other denominations. He believes in a catholic union of all Christian effort, and a scientific expansion of religious philosophy. In local politics he independently supports educational reform. In Dominion politics he avows a preference for the policy of the Liberal-Conservative party. He is a Britisher, first, against the whole world; and a Canadian all the time, and will fight. He has just started the “Educational Review” (of which he is Nova Scotian editor), in company with G. U. Hay, Ph.B., of St. John, New Brunswick, and Principal Anderson, of the Prince of Wales College, Prince Edward Island. In 1882 he married Maude Augusta Johnstone, only daughter of Dr. George Moir Johnstone, M.R.C.S., London, and his wife, née Sarah Mortimer Smith, of Pictou town.

Archibald, Abram Newcomb, was born in Stewiacke, Nova Scotia, June 2nd, 1849, and died in Halifax, November 27, 1883. He was the seventh son of Daniel Archibald, J.P., and Rebecca Newcombe, his wife, both of whom are still living (December, 1886). Daniel Archibald is a great grandson of Samuel Archibald, the second of four brothers from Londonderry, Ireland, who settled in Colchester county, in 1762. This family has produced many distinguished men, including among others the late S. G. W. Archibald, Master of the Rolls, and his two sons, Sir Thomas D. and Sir Edward M. Archibald, Sir Adams G. Archibald and Senator T. D. Archibald. Mr. Archibald attended the schools of his native place in his boyhood, and subsequently pursued his classical studies for a couple of years under the tuition of his brother, the Rev. E. N. Archibald, M.A. In 1867 he took charge of the public school at Musquodoboit, Halifax county; in May, 1876, he was appointed principal of Richmond School, Halifax city; and in November, 1879, principal of Albro School. He resigned this latter position in July, 1881, on his appointment to the office of secretary and superintendent, of colportage for the British American Book and Tract Society, with headquarters in Halifax. In the discharge of his new duties, Mr. Archibald visited all the centres of population in the lower provinces and addressed public meetings. Early in 1883 he proceeded to Britain, on business connected with the society, and to present its claims to the British public, being accompanied on this tour by his wife and son. Mr. Archibald was invited to speak in many of the principal churches in Edinburgh and Glasgow, as well as before the United Presbyterian Synod and the Free Church Assembly, which met in Edinburgh in May. He was also present by invitation and spoke at the annual missionary breakfast of the Religious Tract Society, held in the Cannon Street Hotel, London. The interest awakened by Mr. Archibald’s addresses was very gratifying, and resulted in his obtaining liberal subscriptions to the funds of the society. On his return to Halifax in the autumn, Mr. Archibald was able to present a most satisfactory report of his mission, and received the warmest thanks of the committee. Shortly after resuming his work in Nova Scotia, he was seized with typhoid fever, and although a very strong man, he finally succumbed to the attack. Many public bodies, as well as private individuals on both sides of the Atlantic, gave formal expression to their deep sense of the loss sustained in his death. Mr. Archibald was a ready and persuasive speaker and a good writer. Many of his essays and addresses have been published. He always took a leading part in educational, temperance, Sabbath-school and all religious work. As president of the Halifax Sunday-school Union, he occupied the chair at the great centenary meeting held in Halifax, July 3rd, 1880; and at the time of his death he was a member of the executive committee of the Young Men’s Christian Association of Halifax. Mr. Archibald married, December 14th, 1874, Mary Mellish, third daughter of James L. Mellish, of Pownal, P.E.I. They had one son, Raymond Clare, born October 8th, 1875. Mrs. Archibald was re-appointed chief preceptress of Mount Allison Ladies’ College, Sackville, N.B., in 1885, having held that position previous to her marriage.

Grant, Rev. R. N., Pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Orillia, was born in the neighbourhood of Peterborough, Ontario. His father, Alexander Grant, was a native of Sutherlandshire, Scotland. He came to Canada in 1832, and began his Canadian life in what was then called the Newcastle district, where he taught school for about nine years. In 1840 he moved to that part of Western Ontario known in those days as the Huron Tract, and settled in the township of North Easthope, now one of the wealthiest townships in the county of Perth. Alexander Grant was a man of much more than average ability and attainments. His services were soon sought by the settlers around him, and he was elected to the positions of township clerk and treasurer for several years. He afterwards represented his township in the county council for twelve successive years, and finished his long municipal career in the warden’s chair in 1859. He was frequently urged to stand as a candidate for parliamentary honours, and it was believed by his friends that he could easily have carried his county in the Liberal interest at the general election of 1854 had he entered upon the contest. Like many of his countrymen, Alexander Grant had a fair share of the military spirit. He was one of the oldest and most enthusiastic captains of his battalion, and was the first to offer his services during the Trent difficulty. Though a decided economist in ordinary matters of public expenditure, he was always in favour of giving liberally for the defence of the country. He had several relatives and connections in the Highland regiments that took part in the Crimean war, and his enthusiasm knew no bounds when news came that the kilted soldiers had carried the old flag to victory. He died in January, 1863, and his remains were followed to their last resting place by large numbers of sorrowing friends, among whom were representative men from all parts of the surrounding country. Mrs. Alexander Grant, mother of the subject of the present sketch, was born in Wick, Caithness-shire, Scotland. She was, though for many years an invalid, a woman of strong character and high ambition, and nothing gratified her so much as to see her family rise to positions of honour and usefulness. Their other children were Alexander Grant, barrister, late mayor of Stratford, who died about two years ago—Mrs. Hislop, wife of the late Rev. J. K. Hislop, and Miss Grant. Both daughters are at present residents of the young city of Stratford. Having received such an education as the common schools of those days could afford, Robert was sent to the Grammar School of the county—an institution which was then in its infancy, but which has now become one of the leading collegiate institutes of the province. The scholars met in a small room in the north-eastern angle of the court house. Some of the boys who met in that room have since made a fairly good mark in Canada. Among others might be mentioned James P. Woods, the present county judge of Perth, and James Fisher, the well known barrister of Winnipeg. The school was then and for many years afterwards taught by C. J. McGregor, M.A., the first mayor of the young city of Stratford. Following the usual line of aspiring young men in those early days, young Grant left school when he got a first-class certificate, and went into the teaching profession to earn some money, his intention being to study law. One of the trustees of the school he taught was James Trow, M.P., the present popular member for South Perth, and one of the whips of the Liberal party in the House of Commons. Having taught for a year, he entered the Georgetown Collegiate Institute, in 1858, and continued his studies chiefly under the Rev. Malcolm MacVicar, the present principal of McMaster Hall, Toronto. In the following year he taught for a few months in the village of Millbank, in his old county, and began the study of Greek under the Rev. W. T. McMullen, then pastor of the Presbyterian congregation of Millbank, and for the last twenty-seven years pastor of Knox Church, Woodstock. For reasons which need not be given here, Mr. Grant had abandoned his long cherished ambition to become a lawyer, and had decided to enter the ministry of the Presbyterian church. Not the least potent factor in bringing about the change was the earnest searching and thoroughly evangelical preaching of the youthful Presbyterian pastor of Millbank who was then beginning his long and honoured ministry. In 1859, Mr. Grant entered Knox College, Toronto, and pursued his literary studies under Prof. George Paxton Young, then of Knox College, and in University College, Toronto. His theological teachers were Prof. Young, and Drs. Burns and Willis, for all of whom he left the college cherishing feelings of profound respect. Graduating in April, 1865, he was soon afterwards licensed by the Presbytery of Paris. In the autumn of that year he received calls from the Presbyterian congregations of Markham, Picton, and the united congregations of Waterdown and Wellington Square. The call from the last named congregation was accepted, and the ordination and induction took place on the 23rd of January, 1866. For five years and a half Mr. Grant laboured in this field with a good measure of success, and did his full share of work for his neighbours, especially in Hamilton where his services were often sought on the platform. He was the greater part of the time a member of the Board of Education for the county of Wentworth. Under his ministry two young persons united with the church whose names are now well known to the Presbyterians of Canada—the Rev. W. A. Wilson, M.A., one of the missionaries in India, and Mrs. Builder, wife of the Rev. Mr. Builder, another missionary in the same distant field. Owing to ill health caused partly by driving between his congregations, Mr. Grant decided that he must change his field of labour, and in July, 1871, accepted a call from Knox Church, Ingersoll. Here he laboured for nearly eleven years, identifying himself with all the interests of his town, and doing a considerable amount of work in the pulpit and on the platform for his neighbours. In 1877 he received a call from St. Andrew’s Church, Chatham, offering some tempting inducements, among others a considerable increase in salary. The congregation of Knox Church strongly resisted the proposed translation, and in addition to the steps usually taken in such matters, presented a petition to the presbytery, signed by the whole congregation, asking that their pastor’s services be retained. Mr. Grant declined the call, but afterwards had some grave doubts as to whether he had taken the proper course. In the early part of 1882, some informal steps were taken by a number of persons to unite the two Presbyterian congregations of Ingersoll. Mr. Grant had no confidence in the movement—a movement which afterwards turned out a disastrous failure—but not wishing to oppose it, determined to remove to another field of labour. In May he received a unanimous and enthusiastic call from the Presbyterian congregation of Orillia, which he accepted, and was inducted and warmly welcomed on the 19th of July. Previous to leaving Ingersoll, a large and influential farewell meeting was held at which all the religious denominations of the town were represented. Mr. Grant was presented with three hundred and seventy-five dollars as a farewell gift, and Mrs. Grant with a valuable silver service. In the early part of 1880, Mr. Grant, believing that his alma mater was placed at a disadvantage on account of not having the power to confer degrees in divinity, prepared an overture to the general assembly, asking that this power be granted to Knox and the Presbyterian College of Montreal. He supported the overture in the presbytery of Paris and in the synod of Hamilton and London by both of which it was adopted, and sent on to the supreme court. After a lively debate the prayer of the overture was granted by the Assembly, and the necessary legislation by the legislatures of Ontario and Quebec at their next session. On the 9th of May, 1866, Mr. Grant was united in marriage with Marianne McMullen, third daughter of the late A. McMullen, of Fergus, and sister of the Rev. W. T. McMullen, of Woodstock, and James McMullen, M.P. for North Wellington. Besides ministering to the large and influential congregation of which he is pastor, Mr. Grant is a voluminous contributor to the press. He has also written about a dozen popular lectures, some of which have been frequently delivered.

Chauveau, Hon. Justice Alexandre, B.C.L., Q.C., Justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, Quebec, second son of Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, Q.C., D.C.L., now sheriff of Montreal, and late prime minister of the Province of Quebec, in 1867, first provincial government, and ex-speaker of the Senate, was born on the 23rd day of February, 1847. He was educated at the Jesuits’ and Montreal Colleges, at Laval and McGill Universities, at which latter he took the degree of B.C.L. in 1867. He studied law with S. Leliëvre, Q.C., in Quebec, and with the late Sir George Cartier, in Montreal; and was admitted to the bar of his native province, on the 4th of March, 1868, and practised in partnership with the late Hon. Justice Alleyn up to the date of his appointment to his present position, viz., Justice of the Court of General Sessions. Mr. Chauveau entered the political arena at the early age of twenty-four, and contested the county of Rimouski, in April, 1872, against Dr. Fisét, and was elected by a large majority, as the ministerial candidate. His father was then premier of the province. During the sessions of 1872-73-74, Mr. Chauveau gave an independent support to the Conservative government, although often voting with the opposition during the last session of that parliament. He was unanimously returned by the same constituency at the general election of 1875 as an independent member, and continued during the sessions of 1875-76-77 to judge political questions on their merits when brought before the legislature. He was appointed solicitor-general in the Joly administration, in March, 1878, after the coup d’état of Mr. Letellier, and was re-elected as such at the general election of the same year. On the 19th of March, 1879, he was appointed provincial secretary and registrar for the province of Quebec, which office he held until the 12th of September in the same year, when, after the adjournment of the house for the space of two months, during the dead-lock caused by the refusal of the Legislative Council to pass the supply bill, Mr. Chauveau sent in his resignation. The Joly government was defeated on the 29th of October, 1879, Mr. Chauveau, with a number of former supporters of the administration, voting with the majority on a motion presented by Hon. Mr. Lynch, favouring a coalition as the only remedy to settle the difficult position of the province brought about by the fact that both parties were unable to obtain in the house sufficient strength to form a strong administration. On the 15th of January, 1880, Hon. Mr. Chauveau was appointed Judge of the Sessions for the province of Quebec, and is also a commissioner of the provincial police force. Hon. Mr. Chauveau was twice elected—1884-85—president of the Société St. Jean Baptiste, the French-Canadian national society in Quebec. He is also a commissioner to act judicially in extradition matters, under the Extradition Act of Canada. He married on the 1st of August, 1871, Adèle, eldest daughter of Hon. U. J. Tessier, judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench.

Keating, Edward Henry, Civil Engineer, Halifax, Nova Scotia, the fourth son of William H. Keating, barrister-at-law, was born at Halifax, N.S., on the 7th August, 1844. He is a twin, his twin brother dying in childhood. His father when a child, in company with his parents, left Nottingham, England, in 1812, with the intention of settling in Pennsylvania, North America, but learning while on the passage out that war had been declared between Great Britain and the United States, the family changed their plans, and went to Surinam, in South America, where shortly afterwards Mr. Keating, sen. (grandfather), died. William H. Keating then went to England to receive his education, and having accomplished this object, recrossed the Atlantic, and made his home in Nova Scotia, where for many years, he filled the important office of deputy provincial secretary of the province. Edward Henry Keating, the subject of our sketch, was educated in his native town, at the Free Church Academy, under George Munroe, subsequently the great New York publisher, and afterwards at Dalhousie College; on leaving college, early in life, he went into the employ of an architect and builder, with the view of following architecture as a profession. For three or four years he was engaged in architectural pursuits, and was concerned in preparing the drawings and specifications for several public and private buildings in Halifax and elsewhere under different architects. During this period he devoted the greater part of his evenings and leisure to the study of mathematics and in improving himself in other branches. In 1863 he obtained an appointment as rodman on the Nova Scotian government railways, and from that time devoted his attention exclusively to engineering pursuits. He was engaged on the surveys and construction of the Pictou Railway, under Geo. Wightman, C.E., and afterwards under Sandford Fleming, C.E., C.M.G, from the commencement to its completion, and in consequence of his studious and painstaking habits, he rapidly rose in the estimation of his superior officers and the government, and in less than three years from the time of his appointment was called upon to exercise the duties of assistant engineer. In the early part of 1867 he was appointed in charge of the draughting office on the Windsor and Annapolis Railway by the English company who were then building the line, and designed many of the works and structures on that road, but finding the work of too sedentary a nature, he resigned that position in less than a year to take part in the surveys and construction of the Intercolonial Railway, on which he was engaged for several years in laying out the line in the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and in the execution of the heaviest and most difficult works on that railway in the province of Nova Scotia. In 1871 he left the Intercolonial Railway on the general reduction of the engineering staff, and opened an office in Halifax for the private practice of his profession, but being solicited by the government to undertake the charge of an exploration survey for the then proposed Canadian Pacific Railway, he abandoned his practice and undertook that service. After spending the greater part of the year 1872 in this work, he returned on a visit to Halifax to find that the civic authorities during his absence had elected him to the office of city engineer and engineer of the water works. Believing that the federation of the provinces and the completion of the Intercolonial Railway would have the effect of building up his native place and making it of the first commercial importance to Canada, he decided to throw up his connection with the government works, and accept the position offered him. He at once devoted himself to improving the public works of the city and the various services which then came under his control. Besides preparing and perfecting a plan for a general scheme of sewerage for the town, he effected large alterations and improvements in the water works, and was the first engineer in America to introduce and apply successfully self-acting scraping machines in removing, by means of hydraulic power, deposits and iron rust from the interior of water mains and pipes. The machines he used for this purpose were made under his own directions and from his own designs, which he had patented both in the United States and Canada. Besides attending to his official duties, Mr. Keating has acted as engineer to other corporations on special occasions, and has designed and constructed sewerage and water works in some of the neighbouring towns in his own and the adjoining province. Amid these labours he continued to take a deep and practical interest in the great public works of the country, especially those affecting the welfare or interests of the Maritime provinces and the city to which he belonged. In 1885, at the time of the agitation over the route for the proposed so-called “Short Line Railway” connecting the Canadian Pacific Railway at Montreal with the principal Atlantic seaports of the Dominion, Mr. Keating, at the request of the Halifax Chamber of Commerce, investigated and reported to that body upon the respective merits of the different rival routes. He earnestly advocated the construction of a railway bridge across the river St. Lawrence at Cap Rouge, near Quebec, and the adoption of a line by way of that city as by far the best commercial route, in the interests of the Maritime provinces, that had so far been brought under consideration. In this view he received the unanimous support of the Chamber as well as of the Board of Trade of Quebec. Although unsuccessful in obtaining the adoption of the line he advocated, he offered, as his contribution to the undertaking, to conduct the necessary connecting surveys through the state of Maine free of charge, in order to prove the correctness of his assertions, and his able reports and arguments on the whole question have not yet been successfully met or answered. It might also be mentioned that the city of Quebec offered to grant a sum of money towards completing the surveys on the route advocated, but, for reasons which it would be impolitic to enter upon here, the project fell through, and a more southerly route was selected, although protested against by the commercial community both in Halifax and Quebec. Mr. Keating was also prominently concerned in securing a graving dock for the port of Halifax, strongly advocating native granite as the best material for its construction. He visited, inspected, and reported upon all the graving docks along the Atlantic coast of America, including the docks at Quebec and St. John’s, Newfoundland. Recently he has been offered by the Halifax Graving Dock Company, Limited (of London), the position of resident engineer for the new dock and coaling station now under construction at Halifax. This office he has accepted and holds in combination with his civic offices. In 1875 he procured leave of absence from his civic duties, and went on a professional tour through England, France, and Italy, visiting and inspecting many of the principal engineering works in those countries. He has been for many years connected with several scientific societies, and is a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers of London; a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, New York; and a member of the American Water Works Association of Cincinnati, to each of which bodies he has contributed professional papers for study and discussion. In 1869 Mr. Keating married Mary Little, eldest daughter of James Fleming Blanchard, of Truro, N.S.

McRitchie, Rev. George, Minister of the Methodist Church, Prescott, Ontario, was born in Dundee, Scotland, in 1827. His parents, James McRitchie and Elizabeth Miller, with their family of three children, came to Canada in 1844. The Rev. Mr. McRitchie received his primary education in Mr. Gilbert’s academy in Dundee; and after coming to this country entered Victoria College, Cobourg, where he studied literature and theology, and laid a foundation for future usefulness. He received his early religious training in connection with the Presbyterian church, until he reached his sixteenth year, when he began to change his theological views, and in September, 1847, joined the Methodist denomination, shortly after coming to this country. In 1850 he entered the ministry of the Methodist church as a probationer, and was ordained in Belleville, in 1854, since which time he has worked hard in the Lord’s vineyard. He has been chairman of the Kingston, Brantford, Brockville and Perth districts successively; and is now superintendent of Prescott circuit and chairman of the Brockville district. The Rev. Mr. McRitchie was a member of the committees on union in the years 1874 and 1883; in 1879 he was president of the Montreal Conference; and he has been a delegate to each general conference since he entered the ministry. In 1855 he was married to Eliza Eakins, of Newburg; she died in Brockville in 1876. He was again married in 1877, to Jamesena Dunlap, widow of the late C. D. French, of Pembroke, Ontario.

Graveley, Lieut.-Colonel John Vance, Fortieth Regiment of Canadian Militia, Cobourg, is a Canadian by birth, having been born at Cobourg, on the 17th December, 1840. He is the eldest son of William and Margaret Christiana Graveley. The former was born at Knasboro’, Yorkshire, England, and was the son of John Graveley, a celebrated surgeon, who was mainly instrumental in the discovery of the murder of Daniel Clark by Eugene Aram, and on which Lord Lytton’s celebrated novel was founded. His grandmother was a Locock, and closely related to Sir Charles Locock, physician to Queen Victoria. His mother was the youngest daughter of the late Hon. Captain Walter Boswell, R.N., one of the first settlers in Cobourg, and who named the place. Lieut.-Colonel Graveley was educated at Upper Canada College, entering in the first and going out in the sixth form; and studied law, first in the office of the Hon. Sidney Smith, Cobourg, and next in the office of Cameron and Moss, Toronto, the firm at that time consisting of Hector Cameron, Q.C., and the late Chief Justice Moss. He afterwards practised his profession in Cobourg for many years. Having a strong liking for a military life, he first served as a trooper in Colonel D’Arcy Boulton’s troop of dragoons, where he soon rose to the rank of sergeant-major, and was then given an ensign’s commission in the Cobourg Rifles in 1864, having held from the sixteenth year of his age command as an ensign in the sedentary militia. In 1866 he entered the Military School at Toronto, and was attached to her Majesty’s 47th regiment, under Colonel Lowrey, and received a second class certificate the same year. His corps having been called on for active service in consequence of the Fenian invasion in June of that year, he served during the whole campaign, and earned his promotion to a lieutenancy. On the formation of the fortieth regiment of infantry, he was gazetted captain No. 1 company, and on the 14th November, 1876, was made the brevet lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. During the Fenian raid in 1870 he was again on active service. He has always taken a deep interest in rifle-shooting, and has served on various occasions as brigade musketry instructor for the 3rd district; and at present he is a member of the Council of the Dominion Rifle Association, and is president of the Cobourg Rifle Association. He was elected to the town council of Cobourg for the years 1876-7; mayor, by acclamation, in 1880, and held the office for six consecutive terms until 1885, when he retired, although urged to occupy the position for a longer period; and for these years he was also commissioner of the Cobourg town trust. He was nominated by the Conservative party for the Ontario legislature, but failed to secure his election in the contest that took place in December, 1886. Lieut.-Colonel Graveley has always been a Liberal-Conservative in politics, is an earnest supporter of all measures having for their object union and progress, and as a native Canadian is thoroughly loyal to his country, and expects a great future for her. He is a Master mason, a member of St. John lodge, No. 13, and takes a lively interest in Masonic work. He has travelled a good deal in his day, and spent some time in England, Ireland, and France. He was married in 1870 to Mary Jane Angell Campbell, eldest daughter of Thomas Clifford Angell, of London, England, and his wife, Charlotte Elson, of Hertfordshire, England, and adopted daughter of the late Major David Campbell, of her Majesty’s 63rd regiment, who was for many years on the staff. He with his brother, Lieut.-Colonel Robert Campbell, of H.M. 52nd regiment, were the first settlers in Seymour, and founded what is now the flourishing town of Campbellford, taking its name from its founder. They both had high records for military service, but the latter Colonel Campbell was famous as the leader of the forlorn hope at the storming of San Sebastian in the Peninsular war, for which, and other brilliant services during the campaign recorded in Napier’s History, he was mentioned in Lord Wellington’s despatches, and received a gold medal and clasp and his majority. Only three such medals were ever issued, and were only given for special service. Colonel Campbell died of his wounds at Campbellford; his brother, the major, survived him many years, dying in 1881 at the advanced age of ninety-seven. Four bullets received at San Sebastian, and taken from the colonel’s body after death, are preserved with the gold medal and clasp, sabre and epaulets, with highly commendatory and friendly letters from the Duke of Kent, the Duke of York, the Duke of Richmond, Lord Palmerston, and the Prince Regent, are preserved as sacred relics, and afford interesting study of departed greatness. “Sic gloria transit mundi.”

Roche, William, jr., M.P.P., Coal and Commission Merchant, Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born in Halifax in 1842. His father, William Roche, is a merchant in Halifax, and his mother was named Susan M. Roche. His uncle, Charles Roche, represented Shelburne, N.S., in the Provincial Assembly from 1830 to 1835. The grandparents of Mr. Roche were loyalists, and moved from the state of New York in 1783 to Nova Scotia, and settled in Shelburne. The family is of Irish descent. William received his education at the Halifax, Dalhousie, and Free Church academies, and on leaving school selected commerce as a profession. He now carries on a large coal and commission business, and is agent for several steamship companies. For some years he was a member of the school board, and in 1886 occupied the position of chairman of that body. In politics Mr. Roche is a Liberal, and at the general elections held in 1886 was chosen, by a majority of 950, to represent Halifax in the Provincial Assembly, and is a firm supporter of the present government. He is a director of the Union Bank of Halifax. Mr. Roche is an adherent of the Episcopal church.

Mitchell, Samuel E., Bookseller and Publisher, Pembroke, Ontario, was born on the 8th of December, 1836, at Bury, Lancashire, England. He is a son of John Mitchell, J.P., formerly of Bury, but now of Clitheroe, Lancashire, England, senior member of the firm of John Mitchell and Sons, paper manufacturers, Primrose Paper Mills, Clitheroe. Samuel was educated at the Bury private and grammar schools. He came to Canada in 1858, and settled in Pembroke, where he has ever since resided. He commenced business in 1863, in company with John G. Cormack, as druggists, booksellers and stationers, which business partnership was dissolved in 1866, Mr. Cormack taking the drug, and he the books and stationery, and the latter he has carried on continuously to this time. Mr. Mitchell was appointed clerk of the county council of the county of Renfrew, in January, 1869, and has continued to hold this office ever since. He has never missed a meeting of council since his appointment, from illness or other cause. He was high and public school trustee of the town for several years, until his appointment to the above clerkship brought him under that law which says that no municipal officer shall be a school trustee. He was made a justice of the peace for the county of Renfrew in June, 1876; police magistrate in and for the town of Pembroke on the 17th April, 1884, and police magistrate in and for the county of Renfrew, on 1st June, 1887. As a magistrate Mr. Mitchell has been very successful, and has received high commendations from both political local newspapers. The Pembroke Standard (Conservative) of the 20th November, 1886, thus spoke kindly of him:

The same paper again, in its edition of the 25th January, 1887, thus alludes to Mr. Mitchell: —

The Pembroke Observer (Liberal) of 28th January, 1887, has also a good word to say in favour of Mr. Mitchell: —

Although the council, being decidedly anti-Scott Act, failed to recommend Mr. Mitchell for the office, nevertheless the Ontario government, to its credit, on the recommendation of the License Board and the county branch of the Dominion Alliance for the suppression of the liquor traffic, appointed him to the office. Mr. Mitchell has had a hand in almost every public and private movement inaugurated in Pembroke during his long residence of about thirty years. Among others, the establishment of the Pembroke Philharmonic Society; the building up of the Pembroke lodge, No. 128, G.R.C. Free and Accepted Masons, the mastership of which he held during the years 1870 and 1871; the Pembroke lodge of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, and temperance societies in general. He delivered an address on “Oddfellowship” at the anniversary celebration of the Renfrew lodge, which at the time was characterised by the Noble Grand as the finest presentation of objects of the order he had ever listened to, and after hearing Mr. Mitchell give a song, the same high dignitary said “Mr. Mitchell had proved himself as good a singer as he was an orator.” Mr. Mitchell is a staunch Reformer, and was for many years president of the Pembroke Reform Association, up until 1886, when he found the position somewhat incompatible with that of police magistrate, and resigned. He has always occupied a foremost place in the councils of his party in his district, and has on some occasions been spoken of as the coming man for legislative honours, but various considerations have prevented him from complying with the kind solicitations of his political friends. He was brought up in the Church of England, but in 1859 he joined the Methodist church of Canada, and has continued to be a member of that church over since. He has served on some of the most important of the church committees for about a quarter of a century, and was a member of the General Conference of 1878. Mr. Mitchell has been twice married. First, in 1860, to Mary Ann, daughter of D. B. Warren, of Allumettes Island, county of Pontiac, Quebec province, who died in 1868, leaving three children, who still survive. Second, in 1869, to Ellen Jane, daughter of John Deacon, J.P., of South Sherbrooke, county Lanark, Ontario, and sister of John Deacon, county judge of Renfrew, by whom he has two surviving children.

Beek, James Scott, Auditor-General of the Province of New Brunswick, Fredericton, is an Irishman by birth, having been born in Bandon, county of Cork, on the 1st June, 1814. His parents, Joseph and Mary Beek, both natives of the same county, were born in Cork city. James came with his father, his mother having died in Ireland, to New Brunswick in 1823, and settled in Fredericton, where Mr. Beek, senr., held the office of registrar of deeds and wills at the time of his death. James Scott Beek attended for some time the public school at Fredericton, but most of his education was obtained by private study, he acting as his own tutor, both before and while serving as a merchant’s clerk. After this he went into business for himself in Fredericton, and for about twenty years he dealt in general merchandise, retiring in 1856. For the past thirty years or more Mr. Beek has been constantly in one or more offices connected with the municipality of the city of Fredericton, or of the province of New Brunswick. He was alderman for about a dozen years, mayor for three consecutive terms, commencing in 1859; judge of the Court of Common Pleas for several years; has been a justice of the peace for a long period; was librarian for the Legislative Assembly from 1864 to 1867, and from the latter year has acted in the capacity of auditor-general for the province. In this latter position he has proved himself a most painstaking official, as the reports he issues annually amply prove. His motto seems to be: “Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.” Mr. Beek is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and in his younger days was an energetic worker for his party. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and occupies the position in the order of master mason. In religious matters he is an adherent of the Church of England, and has on several occasions been a delegate from the Cathedral to the Church Society. He is a firm believer in total abstinence from the use of intoxicants as a drink, and of late years has done good service to the cause of temperance by working hard as a prohibitionist, and as the president of the United Temperance Association of New Brunswick, to suppress the liquor traffic, and as a Son of Temperance. He is a man of warm feelings and a true friend to his brother man. Mr. Beek has been three times married; first, to Margaret Barker, of Mangerville; second, to Mary Elizabeth Garrison, of St. John, both deceased; and then to Emma R. daughter of the Hon. John K. Partelow, of Fredericton. He has one child living by the first wife and one daughter by the second, and has lost children by both wives.

Lord, Major Artemas, Agent of the Marine Department, Charlottetown. Prince Edward Island, was born at Tryon, P.E.I., on the 10th May, 1835. His father, James Lord, and his mother, Lydia Lea, were both of English descent. His paternal grandfather was among the number of loyal Englishmen who, at the outbreak of the American revolutionary war, gave up all their worldly possessions, refused to fight against their rightful sovereign, left the state of Massachusetts and moved to Prince Edward Island, where they found a home more congenial to their tastes. Artemas Lord, having been deprived of the tender care of his mother, who died when he was only sixteen months old, was adopted by his uncle, W. W. Lord, who afterwards provided for all his wants and set him afloat in the world. When he was five years old his uncle and aunt removed to Charlottetown and took the boy with them. And here they sent him to a private school; next to the Central Academy (now the Prince of Wales’ College), and then to the academy at Sackville, New Brunswick, where he received a thorough mercantile training. At eighteen he left school, but finding his health considerably impaired through confinement and close study, he resolved to take a few sea voyages with the object of restoring his health, and for three years thereafter he sailed in one of his uncle’s ships trading between Charlottetown and England. In 1856 he entered into partnership with his uncle, under the firm name of W. W. Lord & Co., general merchants and shipowners, and this partnership lasted until 1864, during which time they built and owned ships which traded to the West Indies, to the southern cotton ports, to the River Plata, to Great Britain, and to the East Indies, when his uncle retired, and he continued the business under the old name, until 1878. In 1864 Mr. Lord joined the first battery of volunteer artillery, and in 1868 he was appointed to the command of the second battery, which position he held until 1873, when Prince Edward Island became part of the Dominion of Canada, at which time he applied to be, and was placed on the retired list, with the rank of major. When the question of providing Prince Edward Island with a railway was before the public Mr. Lord took a very active part in the agitation, and helped to carry the measure. He, too, was found among the ranks of those who went in for confederation; and when the people agreed to throw in their lot with the other provinces, he chose the party led by Sir John A. Macdonald, and has ever since supported it on patriotic grounds. In 1859 Mr. Lord joined St. John’s lodge, and has continued to keep up his connection with the Masonic order ever since. In 1881 he was appointed agent of the Marine department for the province, and retired from active mercantile life to attend to the duties of the office. His connection with the shipping business enabled him in his younger days to see a good part of the world; and he made no less than nineteen round trips across the Atlantic. He spent three winters in London, Liverpool, and other towns in England, and also visited the Highlands of Scotland, part of Ireland, and other places in the old land, combining business with pleasure. In political matters, as we have seen, he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religious matters, though brought up in the Wesleyan Methodist fold, he saw fit, in 1876, to change to that of the Presbyterian church. In 1859, he was married to Carrie M. Rich, daughter of Lathley Rich, of Frankfort, Maine, who died in 1864, leaving a little boy who survived his mother only seventeen months. Four years after, in 1869, he married Margaret P. S. Gray, daughter of colonel the Hon. John Hamilton Gray, chairman of the first convention called in Prince Edward Island to consider the question of confederation. This gentleman, in 1869, held the position of adjutant-general for the province of Prince Edward Island, and at the time was well known throughout the Dominion as a large hearted, prominent public man. A few years ago he retired into private life. Mr. Lord has a family of three boys and two girls alive, and three boys dead. His uncle and aunt are still alive—his uncle being now (1887) eighty-nine years and his aunt eighty-seven years of age—and having been married over sixty years. This venerable couple are now enjoying the fruits of a happy life spent in each other’s society. They are highly respected by all in the city in which they have spent the greater part of their useful lives. They never had any children of their own, but many nevertheless bless them this day for assistance and counsel given them in the past. Hon. W. W. Lord, we may add, was for more than thirty years an active politician, and sat in the local legislature as representative for his native county, and took an active part in council with such leaders as Coles, Pope, Whelan, Mooney and others in all measures that had for their object the good of his country. Mrs. Lord is an active worker in the church, and prominent in all works of charity and mercy.

McLeod, Hon. Neil, M.A., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Member of the Executive Council, M.P.P. for Charlottetown and Royalty, is of Scotch descent, and was born on the 15th December, 1842, at Uigg, Queens county, Prince Edward Island. His parents were Roderick McLeod and Flora McDonald. He was educated at Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, and received from that institution the degrees of B.A. and M.A. He chose law as a profession, and was called to the bar of Prince Edward Island in 1872. He is now a member of the well known firm of McLeod, Morson, and McQuarrie, with offices at Charlottetown and Summerside, P.E.I. Mr. McLeod was first elected to the House of Assembly at the general election in 1879; was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and on the 11th March, of the same year, appointed provincial secretary and treasurer. This office he held until March, 1880, when he resigned, with the object of applying himself more closely to his professional duties, but still remained a member of the government without a portfolio. He was re-elected to the Assembly at the general election of 1882, and again at the last general election, and is now a member of the government. Hon. Mr. McLeod holds the position of chairman of the Poorhouse Commissioners, and is also a trustee of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religious matters he has, from youth up, been a member of the Baptist denomination. He stands high among his fellow citizens as a man of probity, intelligence and culture. In June, 1877, he was married to Adelia, only daughter of James Hayden, of Vernon River, Prince Edward Island.

Le May, Léon Pamphile, Homme de Lettres, Quebec, Chief Librarian of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, was born at Lotbinière, on the 5th of January, 1837. His ancestor was Michel Le May, or Le Mée, who came to Canada more than two centuries ago, from the diocese of Angers, France. He settled, in 1666, at Three Rivers, where he was a farmer, and in 1681, removed to Lotbinière. Some members of the family are still residing in the latter place. He had thirteen children, whose descendants are scattered over the Dominion and the United States. The father of our subject was Léon Le May, farmer and merchant; and his mother, Louise Anger. They had a family of fourteen children. Léon Pamphile Le May received his education at the Quebec Seminary, studied law for some time, and then went to the United States, in search of a fortune. At the end of two years he returned to Canada, and engaged himself as a clerk in a mercantile house, in Sherbrooke, Quebec province. He soon discovered that he had no taste for mercantile pursuits, and soon after we find him in Ottawa, invested with the cassock, and studying theology. In 1861, dyspepsia compelled him to leave the cloister. In 1862, he was given employment as a French translator in the Legislative Assembly, Quebec, at the same time resuming his legal studies. He was admitted to practice in 1865, and went to reside in his native place, Lotbinière. In 1872, he returned to Quebec, and took the position he occupies at the present time—chief librarian of the Legislative Assembly. As Mr. Le May is a “book-worm,” the employment is congenial to him. When a young man, he commenced writing for the press, and his writings at once attracted the notice of the littérateurs of Canada, the United States and France. In 1865, he published his first work, “Essais Poétiques,” a volume of over 300 pages, which was cordially received, and placed him in the first rank. In 1870 appeared a translation of Longfellow’s “Evangeline,” which raised Mr. Le May to a high position among the Canadian poets. Longfellow sent a congratulatory letter to the poet, and ever afterwards treated him as a friend. The translation is looked upon as Mr. Le May’s master-piece, and he can safely rest his reputation on it. The pathetic story of the Acadian exiles is admirably told; the poet’s soul seems to have been invaded by the sorrow he is describing; in fact, he lives his subject, while the harmony and flexibility of the verse leave nothing to be desired. There have appeared since that time, in the order mentioned: “Deux poèmes couronnés,” Quebec, 1870, for which the author received two gold medals; “Les Vengeances,” Poème, Quebec; “Les Vengeances,” drama in six acts; “Le Pèlerin de Sainte-Anne,” a novel, 2 vols., Quebec, 1877; “Picounoc, le Maudit,” a novel, 2 vols., Quebec, 1878; “Une Gerbe,” miscellaneous poetry, Quebec, 1879; “Fables Canadiennes,” 1 vol., Quebec, 1882; “L’affaire Sougraine,” novel, 1 vol., Quebec, 1884. The following criticism is from the pen of Louis Honoré Fréchette, the poet-laureate, whose works “Les Fleurs Boréales et les Oiseaux de Neige,” have been crowned by the French Academy. Mr. Fréchette, as is well known, is not tender, as a rule, to his brother poets and confrères: “It has not the booming of the mad torrent: it is the purling of a fountain on a mossy bed; it has not the roaring of the lion: it is the cooing of the dove; it has not the bold swoop of the eagle: it is the timid undulation of the cygnet.” Mr. Le May married, in 1863, Selima Robitaille, of Quebec, and they have twelve children, five sons and seven daughters.

Murchie, James, St. Stephen, ex-M.P.P. for Charlotte county, New Brunswick, and one of the leading merchants, lumber manufacturers, and ship owners of that county, is a native of St. Stephen, having been born on the 16th of August, 1813. His father, Andrew Murchie, was from Paisley, Scotland, and his mother, Janet Campbell, was a native of New Brunswick, and a daughter of Colin Campbell. James Murchie was educated at St. Stephen, and remained on his father’s farm until he became of age, and since that period has been engaged in manufacturing lumber on the St. Croix river, merchandising, and shipping, being one of the most extensive operators in those branches of industry in this valley. The firm of James Murchie and Sons has mills at Benton, Deer Lake, and Edmundston, on the New Brunswick Railway, as well as at Calais, Maine, and are cutting about 20,000,000 feet per annum. This firm also owns 200,000 acres of timber land, nearly half of it being in the province of Quebec, and about 38,000 in Maine, and the balance in New Brunswick. Mr. Murchie, who was a captain of militia in his younger days, is one of the oldest magistrates in this part of the country. He served for some years as school trustee, and has held, in fact, nearly all the local offices in the gift of the people, being painstaking and efficient in discharging the duties which he assumes. He represented Charlotte county in the House of Assembly from 1874 to 1878, being sent there by his Liberal-Conservative friends, and while in that legislative body secured the repeal of the Wild Land Tax Act, which had been attempted in vain by previous representatives from his county. He also carried other bills regarded as very important, and proved himself a diligent law as well as a lumber maker. He is one of the directors of the St. Stephen Bank; of two bridge corporations; the Calais Tug Boat Company, and other incorporated companies; vice-president of the New Brunswick and Canada Railway; president of the Frontier Steamboat Company; St. Croix Lloyds Insurance Company, and the St. Croix Cotton Mill Company. He was a leading force in engineering this last enterprise, giving several weeks’ time to getting the company organised, its capital ($500,000) taken, the site secured for the mill, the corner stone laid, &c. The last act mentioned was done by the Masonic order on the 24th June, 1881, and marked an epoch in the history of the town of Milltown, in which our subject resides, being the owner of the finest house in the place. This cotton mill is 517 feet long, 98 feet wide, and four stories above the basement, in addition to which are dye house, &c., which cover nearly two-thirds as much ground as the main building. The erection of this mill has converted one of the most squalid parts of the town into the most thrifty and industrious, and added from 800 to 1,000 inhabitants to the place. Mr. Murchie has done, and is doing, a great deal to encourage home industry, knowing that all such enterprises tend to increase the value of his own property as well as the prosperity of the country. It is a few such men as he—men of energy, push, and pluck—found in St. Stephen, Calais, and Milltown, that have built up this trinity of towns, and given them their present air of thriftiness. Milltown, the smallest of all, is just now probably the liveliest of the three. Mr. Murchie was also a leading stockholder and organiser in the Calais Shoe Factory, which employs 300 or 400 hands. He is a member and trustee of the Congregational Church, Milltown, which body has a house of worship which is a gem of architecture; and it is the impression of the community that no such elegant and costly structure could have been reared in the little town without both the shaping and the plethoric pocket of Mr. Murchie. He was first married, in 1836, to Mary Ann Grimmer, daughter of John Grimmer, late collector of customs, at St. Stephen. She died in 1857, leaving ten children. He was married the second time, in 1860, to Margaret Thorpe, daughter of Jackson Thorpe, of St. George, Charlotte county, having by her three children. She died in 1872. All of the children excepting one boy, who is at school, are settled in life. Five of the sons—John G., William A., James S., George A., and Henry S.—are in business with their father. The first, John G., ex-mayor of the city of Calais, is director of the Calais Tug Boat Company, and St. Croix Lloyds Insurance Company; the second, William A., is treasurer of the Calais Tug Boat Company, director of the Calais Shoe Factory and vice-consul of Brazil and the Argentine Republic. Two other sons, Charles F. and Horace B., are in the commission business on Wall Street, New York. His daughters are all married.

Morse, Hon. William Agnew Denny, Amherst, Judge of Probate for Cumberland, Marshal in Court of Vice-Admiralty, Halifax, Chairman of the Liquor Licence Board, Judge of the County Courts of Pictou and Cumberland, and Revising Barrister, Halifax, was born on the 13th January, 1837, at Amherst, county of Cumberland, N.S. His father, the Hon. Shannon Morse, studied law with the Hon. Ames Botsford, of Westmoreland, who was one of the most distinguished men of his day in the Maritime provinces. He afterwards entered public life, and from 1819 to 1842 took a most active part in all the leading questions of these times, and for several years of this period he represented the town of Amherst in the local legislature. In 1842 he resigned his position in the Legislative Council, and retired into private life and devoted his time to the reclaiming and draining a large tract of marsh land, which operation, his son, Judge Morse, is now carrying on and completing. Judge Morse’s grandfather, A. Morse, settled on a tract of land granted by the Crown to his father (the judge’s great-grandfather). This gentleman had been an officer in the British army, serving under Lord Amherst (then Sir Jeffrey Amherst) during the French and Indian wars, which closed by Britain becoming possessed of the North American provinces, and in connection with Colonel F. W. Desbarres, Colonel Franklyn, Captains Gmelin and Gorham settled that beautiful and fertile tract of country situated at the head of the Bay of Fundy, and known by the French as Beaubassin. In an old document in the possession of Judge Morse, we find the following interesting record: “At the close of the war which accomplished the conquest of all the territories occupied by the French in North America, six individuals proposed, in concurrence with the intentions of his Majesty’s government, to carry on settlements in the then infant colony of Nova Scotia, praying suitable tracts of land for that purpose, and thereupon orders were passed which obtained for Joseph Morse and his associates 34,000 acres of land, in the town of Cumberland, 23rd day of November, 1763.” And under this grant Mr. Morse, and the four gentlemen alluded to above, laid the foundation of the first English settlement, formed after the expulsion of the French, which has grown in wealth and prosperity ever since. In the biography of Jos. Morse, written by his kinsman, the Rev. Dr. Morse, this tract of land is spoken of as having been granted him, to compensate him for his services and losses in the French and Indian wars. He died at Fort Lawrence, in Cumberland, and his cousin, Colonel Robert Morse, who, as colonel of the Engineers under Sir Guy Carleton, was the author of the “Report on Fortifications and Defences of Nova Scotia,” a document now deservedly ranked among the most interesting of the historical documents of our archives. Judge Morse’s mother, Augusta Agnew Kinnear was the grand-daughter of Andrew Kinnear, who commanded at Fort Cumberland in 1808, and was with Ames Botsford, the first members for the county of Westmoreland, who sat in the New Brunswick legislature after that province was separated from Nova Scotia. Judge Morse received his education at the private school taught by Dr. Hea, and at Sackville Academy, where he received a sound English and classical education. He afterwards studied law, and for years successfully practised his profession. He was then called to the bench, and appointed judge of Probate for Cumberland, and subsequently marshal in the Vice-Admiralty Court at Halifax, chairman of the Liquor Licence board, judge of the County Courts of Pictou and Cumberland, and revising barrister under the Dominion election law. Since his elevation to the bench, Judge Morse has ceased to hold the offices of marshall in the Vice-Admiralty Court and judge of Probates. Judge Morse takes quite an interest in agricultural matters, and has succeeded in reclaiming by ditching and draining large tracts of marsh land and adding haygrounds and increasing the taxable property of Cumberland, and is removing the obstructions from the River La Blanche, by which the tide waters of the Bay of Fundy are permitted to run up the marshes of Cumberland, and thereby convert, by drainage, bog lands into solid hay yielding lands, some of which are now producing two to three tons to the acre. In religious matters, Judge Morse is an adherent of the Church of England, and in politics leans to Reform principles. He was married on the 16th December, 1873, to Ella Frances Rebecca Boggs, whose family were among the first of the old Halifax U. E. loyalists who came from the United States, in 1780, on account of the rebellion.

Morrow, John, Toronto, Inspector of Inland Revenue for the District of Toronto, was born in the county of York, near Toronto, Ontario, in 1832. His father, James Morrow, came to Canada from the county of Cavan, Ireland, in 1819, and his mother, Miss McNeil, came from the same district in Ireland in 1824. The vessel in which she, her mother, and brother, embarked for America, suffered shipwreck on St. Paul’s island, at the mouth of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, when nearly all on board perished, including Mrs. McNeil. John Morrow was brought up on the farm possessed by his parents in York county, and received his primary education in the public school of the district, but when he was about sixteen years of age was induced by the late Dr. Ryerson to go to the Normal School in Toronto, and he attended its sessions during 1849-50-51, and then graduated. He took up teaching as a profession, and successfully taught school for about twelve years. In 1866 he was appointed by the Dominion government deputy collector of inland revenue for the Toronto division; in 1873 he was promoted to the collectorship; and in 1881 was appointed inspector of the Toronto district, which office he now satisfactorily fills. Mr. Morrow is an adherent of the Methodist church. He was married in 1855 to Miss Sankey, the eldest daughter of the late John Sankey, builder, of York county.

Meredith, Sir William Collis, K.B., D.C.L., LL.D., Quebec, who for a great number of years occupied the position of Chief Justice of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, was born in the city of Dublin, on 23rd May, 1812. His father was the Rev. Dr. Thomas Meredith, rector of Ardtrea, in the county of Tyrone, Ireland; and his mother, Eliza, daughter of the Very Rev. Richard Graves, D.D., dean of Ardagh. Rev. Dr. Thomas Meredith having died, his widow in 1824 married the Rev. Edward Burton, and came out to Canada with that gentleman, bringing with her four of her children by her first marriage, the eldest being William Collis, the subject of our sketch. The family settled at Rawdon, north of Montreal, where the Rev. Mr. Burton had a mission under the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. Before leaving Ireland William had passed some years at Dr. Behan’s school in Wexford, and after his arrival in Canada his education was continued under the care of his step-father, who was a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin. He was also greatly aided and encouraged in his studies at this time by his mother, who was a woman of great culture and refinement, and possessed of great energy and force of character. Mr. Meredith’s legal studies were commenced in 1831, in the office of S. de Bleury, and continued in that of J. C. Grant, Q.C., Montreal, both advocates of eminence. He was admitted to the bar in December, 1836, and was made a Queen’s counsel in 1844. In the same year he was offered and declined the office of solicitor-general, and subsequently that of attorney-general; and in 1847, having been again offered the position of attorney-general, he once more declined that high position in the Draper administration. In December, 1849, Mr. Meredith was appointed a judge of the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec by the Lafontaine-Baldwin administration, and abandoned with some regret the practice of a profession to which he was greatly attached, leaving to his partner, Strachan Bethune, Q.C., and the late Hon. Judge Dunkin, we believe, the largest legal business which at that time had been brought together by a single professional firm in the Province of Quebec. At the earnest solicitation of the government of Canada (Sir George E. Cartier being then attorney-general), and in compliance with the wishes of the leading members of the Montreal bar, Judge Meredith consented to be removed from the Superior Court to the Court of Queen’s Bench—that being the Court of Appeal for the province—and this appointment was approved of by a unanimous resolution of the Quebec bar. While a member of this court, several of his judgments were highly spoken of by the lords of the Privy Council in England. Judge Meredith continued to occupy a seat in the Queen’s Bench until the death of the Hon. Edward Bowen, chief justice of the Superior Court in 1866, when he was appointed to that high office, which he held until 1884, when failing health forced him to resign the position which for so many years he had held, and the duties of which he discharged with his characteristic energy and ability to the entire satisfaction of the profession and the public. As far back as 1844 Judge Meredith was requested to accept the professorship of law in the University of McGill College, in Montreal, by the then principal, Chief Justice Vallières, but the pressure of his professional duties compelled him to refuse the proffered honour. In 1844 he received the honorary degree of D.C.L. from Lennoxville University, and eleven years afterwards (6th September, 1865), upon the nomination of the Lord Bishop of Quebec, he was unanimously elected chancellor of that university—but his judicial duties were such that he could not assume the responsibility of the office. In 1880 he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Laval University, Quebec; and in the month of June, 1886, her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria conferred upon him the honour of knighthood. In 1847 Judge Meredith was married to Sophia Naters, youngest daughter of the late Dr. W. E. Holmes, of Quebec, and the union has been blessed with a numerous family, of whom three sons and four daughters are still living.

Harris, Very Rev. William Richard, B.D., Dean of St. Catharines, in the Roman Catholic Arch-Diocese of Toronto.—Among the clergy of the Roman Catholic arch-diocese of Toronto, there are many learned, earnest, and pious priests, but among them all we doubt if there is one of his age who ranks higher in the estimation of his fellow priests and all those of the laity who have had the privilege of his acquaintance than does the Very Rev. William Richard Harris, parish priest of the city of St. Catharines, and dean of that portion of the Roman Catholic arch-diocese of Toronto known as the Niagara peninsula. Dean Harris can hardly yet be said to have reached the prime of life, yet so mature is his mind and well disciplined are his faculties that it is not surprising to those who know him that he has so suddenly and prominently come to the front in his church. For a young man he is remarkable for vigour, both of mind and body—a vigour which is always wisely and well directed in the discharge of whatever duties he undertakes. The church has in him, if he is spared, the staff which must place him in a high and useful position in its service. There is before him a bright and brilliant career, or else we are much mistaken. The very reverend gentleman was born on the 3rd of March, 1847, in the city of Cork, Ireland, the birthplace of many of the most distinguished sons of the Green Isle. At an early age he came to this country with his parents, entered St. Michael’s College, Toronto, and having finished his classical course in this well-known institution of learning, went to Ste. Anne’s Seminary, Quebec, to complete a course of metaphysics and philosophy. In 1869 he was appointed secretary to his Grace the Archbishop of Toronto, and accompanied that distinguished prelate to Rome when summoned by Papal brief to attend the Œcumenical Council. Immediately after the opening of this memorable council, our subject entered the famous College of the Propaganda, where he finished his course of theology, and took his degree of Bachelor of Divinity. On the 21st June, 1870, he was ordained priest by Cardinal Patrizzi, in the historic church of St. Mary Major. The venerable Archbishop of Toronto and he left Rome on the first day of July of that year, and visited the principal cities of the continent of Europe. On his return to Canada he continued to fill for some time the responsible position of secretary to his grace, when, in recognition of his services and abilities, he was appointed to the rectorship of Adjala, at that time the most important rural parish in the diocese. Here he continued to labour for five years, having during that time faithfully discharged the onerous and responsible duties associated with that position. Under his pastorship was erected St. Mary’s Church, West Adjala, and improvements to the amount of $7,000 dollars were made in that parish. In 1875 he was summoned to the rectorship of St. Michael’s Cathedral, Toronto, bearing with him to that very responsible position the best wishes of the people of Adjala, and a substantial recognition of his labours and services among them. We may here remark, that he did very much to create and perpetuate that friendly feeling of toleration and liberality which is so characteristic of the people of that section of the country. In fact, it is said of him that in whatever position he has been placed he has shed around him a kindly influence, which has been instrumental in removing the asperities of religious rancour, and bringing into more friendly association the members of the various religious denominations. In his position of rector of St. Michael’s Cathedral, a large field for the exercise of his conspicuous administrative abilities lay open before him. The pressure of hard work gradually told on his constitution, and in consequence he resigned the rectorship of the cathedral, and sought the seclusion which the smaller parish of Newmarket afforded him. Here he continued to labour for eight years, during which time he completed the church in that town, erected the fine modern presbytery, and built the large brick school house adjoining the church. His improvements in this parish during those eight years represented an expenditure of over $12,000. His health having improved, he was again selected to fill one of the most responsible positions in the arch-diocese, and was appointed to the important and influential parish of St. Catharines, and dean of the Niagara peninsula, which position he holds with great credit to himself and advantage, both spiritual and temporal, to those over whom his ecclesiastical superior has wisely placed him. During his short administration of his present parish he has shown a wonderful amount of administrative ability, and up to the present writing has wiped out a debt of $8,000. Showing his deep interest in the education of his people, he has just begun the important work of erecting for the Roman Catholic separate schools the finest school building on the Niagara peninsula, in which are introduced all modern improvements calculated to add to the health and comfort of both teachers and pupils. In all probability before the expiration of two years he will have completed buildings costing in the aggregate $30,000. While devoting much time and great energy to the work peculiar to his priestly office, he finds time for close and careful study, which is evidenced by the manner and matter of his sermons and pulpit discourses. He also takes a deep interest in popular education, and has lost no opportunity of pushing on the education and improvement of the masses, irrespective of creed or nationality. As an evidence of this, we may mention that for many years he was prominently identified with the Mechanics’ Institute, an association of which he was twice chosen vice-president. Indeed, such was his standing among the delegates that when, in 1882, his name was put in nomination for the presidency he was elected by acclamation. This honour was conferred upon him by a convention of eighty-four representatives, all of whom were Protestants. When the control of the association passed into the hands of the Minister of Education, the reverend gentleman was presented by the members of the executive board with an embossed address and a handsome testimonial. While on the executive board of the Mechanics’ Institute Association, he was selected to represent the society on the executive committee of the Industrial Exhibition Association. Before his departure from Newmarket, the inhabitants of that town, irrespective of creed or nationality, heartily joined in congratulating him on his promotion, and in a public meeting, presided over by the reeve of the town, presented him with a most flattering address, accompanied with a valuable testimonial. With such a record did the Very Reverend Dean Harris come to the city of St. Catharines, and we are in a position, from close observation of his actions since he came, to assert that he is as useful and popular here as he was in Newmarket, and if his health holds out for a few years he will leave the impress of his enlightenment and manly character on the inhabitants of that city.

Hearn, David A., Barrister, Arichat, M.P.P. for Richmond county, Nova Scotia, was born in Arichat, N.S., on the 14th of February, 1853. His parents were James Hearn and Isabella Campbell. His paternal grandfather came from Waterford, Ireland, and settled in Newfoundland, in 1817, and removed to Arichat, in 1822. His mother was a descendant of the Campbells, of the Island of Coll, Scotland. David received his education in the academy at Arichat, and studied law, first in the office of his brother, James H. Hearn, at Sydney, and afterwards with the Hon. Senator William Miller. He read up at the Law Library of Halifax for four months previous to his final examination, and was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia, in 1878; and has successfully carried on his profession at Arichat ever since. In 1879 he was appointed a school commissioner, and still occupies the same position. In 1881 he was made a census commissioner; and in 1883 he was chief inspector of licenses for Richmond county under the Liquor License Act passed that year. In 1882-3 he filled the office of county solicitor, and in the following year was elected a member of the municipal council of Richmond county, and was re-elected in 1886. He was chiefly instrumental in the council in having steam communication renewed at Lennox Passage. He also succeeded in changing the system of assessment, so as to equalise the burthen of taxation on the ratepayers; and also inaugurated retrenchment and reform in the council. In 1878 he was chief organiser for the Conservative party in Richmond; but refused to recognise H. Paint as the Conservative candidate in 1882; and again in 1887 he supported E. P. Flynn, the Liberal candidate for the House of Commons at Ottawa, in preference to Mr. Paint. At the general election of 1886 Mr. Hearn was elected to represent the county of Richmond in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia. His position in the house is thoroughly independent of party, and he thinks there should be no party politics in the local legislature. He, however, believes in the fiscal and general policy of the Dominion government. He is opposed to the repeal agitation in Nova Scotia; is in favour of a legislative union of the Maritime provinces; abolition of the Legislative Council, and approves of manhood suffrage. In politics Mr. Hearn may be classed as a supporter of the Conservative party, though holding advanced views on certain questions of great public moment. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He was married on the 18th August, 1879, to Elizabeth Ida, eldest daughter of Francis Quinan, of Sydney, and niece of the Rev. James Quinan, of Sydney, John Quinan of Mainadieu, and the Hon. Senator Miller, of Arichat. The fruit of this marriage has been one child.

Girouard, Désiré, Q.C., D.C.L., M.P. for Jacques Cartier, residence Quatre Vents, Dorval, Quebec province, was born at St. Timothy, county of Beauharnois, on the 7th July, 1836. From l’Abbé Tanguay’s “Dictionnaire Généalogique,” it is learned that he is a descendant of Antoine Girouard, a native of Riom, Auvergne, France, who emigrated to Canada about 1720, and was private secretary to Chevalier de Ramezay, the then governor of Montreal. Mr. Girouard received his education at the Montreal College, and graduated in law at McGill University, where he obtained the degrees of B.C.L. and D.C.L. On the 1st of October, 1860, he was called to the bar, and in 1876 was made a Q.C. As a law writer, Mr. Girouard enjoys a well-earned reputation, his first work being an “Essai sur les Lettres de Change et Billets Promissoires,” which appeared in 1860, before he was admitted to the practice of his profession. Of this production Chief Justice La Fontaine said: “I have read attentively your Essay on Bills of Exchange, etc., and I take pleasure in acknowledging that you have, with very rare talent, collected all that could possibly be written on this subject which could interest Lower Canada. The opinions you express on the laws relating to the subject and on the decisions of the tribunals, show that your essay is the result of profound study on your part. Your book should be in the hands of every trade and business man. It would certainly be of great benefit to them. It will also be very useful to lawyers and judges. Permit me to hope that your book may prove to you a sure and certain guarantee of an honourable and brilliant career at the bar.” In 1865, Mr. Girouard published an “Etude sur l’Acte concernant la Faillite,” which he afterwards translated into English with many additions; and in 1868 he published another work entitled “Considérations sur les lois civiles du Mariage.” He was also a contributor to many publications; and in conjunction with W. H. Kerr, another leading barrister, founded La Revue Critique. La Revue Critique was founded at the time of the great judicial crisis of 1873-4, the members of the Montreal bar having refused to appear any longer before the Court of Appeal, so great was the dissatisfaction against that bench, when it was reconstituted in 1874 by Justices Cross, Tessier, and Ramsay, under the presidency of Chief Justice Dorion; and La Revue Critique was then allowed to drop out of existence. Mr. Girouard’s articles on the “Treaty of Washington,” “The Indirect Alabama Claims,” “Conflict of Commercial Prescriptions,” etc., all written in English, attracted the attention of the press both on this continent and in Europe. From 1858 to 1860, while a law student, Mr. Girouard was actively connected with L’Institut Canadien-Français, and delivered many lectures at the hall of the institute, and also at the Cabinet de Lecture Paroissial. These lectures were published in the French daily press of Montreal at the time, and highly praised. Among these may be particularly mentioned two papers—“La Philosophie du Droit,” and “L’Excellence des Mathématiques.” While spending the winter in the south, in 1870, he contributed many letters on Louisiana and New Orleans to La Minerve. In 1882 the same paper also published several letters of Mr. Girouard on the North-West, and very recently, 9th July, 1887, an extensive study of the Fishery question. Mr. Girouard has always maintained a high position as an intelligent and learned advocate; hence he has often been retained in some of the most important suits which have been brought before the courts of the country during the past few years. Among politicians, Mr. Girouard is known as an able debater. He first entered the political arena in 1872, when, at the solicitation of the late Sir George Etienne Cartier, he presented himself in the Conservative interest in the county of Jacques Cartier against no less an adversary than Rodolphe Laflamme, Q.C., who enjoyed consideration, prestige, and influence, and was defeated by forty-eight votes. In 1874 the latter was returned by acclamation, Mr. Girouard having been nominated for Beauharnois, in which county he was defeated through the nomination of a third candidate. In 1876, he was requested to oppose the Hon. Mr. Laflamme, minister of Inland Revenue, in Jacques Cartier, and was defeated by twenty-eight votes. In 1878 he was again solicited to present himself against his old opponent; and it was at first reported that he had been defeated by fourteen votes, but on a recount by Justice Mackay, he was declared elected by two votes, although his majority was really over one hundred, as it was afterwards shown in the celebrated St. Anne’s ballot-box case. He was again returned for Jacques Cartier in 1882, and at the last general election, 22nd February, 1887. Mr. Girouard introduced in the House of Commons the Deceased Wife’s Sister bill, which was carried in 1882 after a prolonged debate and a strenuous opposition, especially from certain adherents to the Church of England. He has been chairman of the Committee on Privileges and Elections during the last and present parliaments. Although one of the staunchest supporters of Sir John A. Macdonald, he took a leading part in the movement against the execution of Riel, on the ground of insanity, and with ten or twelve other French Conservative members constituted for a time a separate group of the Conservative party, known as the “Bolters.” His letter published November, 1885, in answer to the defence of the government by Sir Alexander Campbell, was published by all the newspapers in Canada. Mr. Girouard was married for the first time to Mathilde, a daughter of the well-known and much respected merchant, John Pratt. This lady having died, he again married, in 1865, this time an American lady, Essie Cranwill, sister of Samuel Cranwill, cotton merchant, New Orleans and St. Louis. She died in Montreal, on the 30th June, 1879, leaving five children. Mr. Cranwill was the agent in Montreal for the Confederate states during the civil war. The eldest of Mr. Girouard’s sons, Emile, resides in Paris, France, where he is the administrator of the newspaper, Paris-Canada; the second, Percy, a graduate of the Royal Military College, Kingston, is an engineer; another, Désiré, B.A. of Laval University, has just been admitted to the study of law in Montreal. Mr. Girouard married a third time, on the 6th October, 1881, Edith Bertha Beatty, youngest daughter of Dr. Beatty, of Cobourg, Ont., and has two sons of this marriage.

Stewart, Geo., jr., D.C.L., F.R.G.S., F.R.S.C., Editor Morning Chronicle, Quebec. Among Canadian litterateurs, Geo. Stewart, jr., has fairly won for himself the distinguished position and reputation he enjoys, both in England and Canada, as a man of letters, and one of the brilliant literary lights of which our dominion is so justly proud. Dr. Stewart was born November 26th, 1848, in New York city, and at an early age removed, with his parents, to St. John, New Brunswick, where he was educated. He is, comparatively speaking, a young man, to be the recipient of so many favoured marks of recognition by societies of learning for his valuable contributions. At the early age of sixteen years he edited a little journal, The Stamp Collector’s Gazette, and two years later published Stewart’s Quarterly Magazine, to whose support he brought the pens of all the leading writers in Canada. In 1878 Dr. Stewart accepted the editorship of the Rose-Belford’s Canadian Monthly, and a year later that of the Quebec Morning Chronicle, which latter position he still holds. It is owing to his ability and talents that this paper has become an authority on all leading Canadian questions of the day. He was elected, in 1879, a member of the International Literary Congress of Europe—an honour conferred on no other Canadian,—and having the celebrated French veteran writer, Victor Hugo, for president. The few Americans similarly distinguished were Longfellow, Bancroft, Holmes, Emerson and Whittier. The Royal Geographical Society has bestowed its degree of Fellow upon Dr. Stewart, and King’s University of Nova Scotia was proud to grant him a D.C.L. The Royal Society of Canada elected him, at its inauguration, secretary for the English section, which important trust he still retains; while the time-honoured Literary and Historical Society of Quebec has three times called him to the presidency. He has been a member also of the Council of the Royal Society since its second year. The exclusive literary club of London, the Athæneum, admitted him an honorary member, his sponsors being Matthew Arnold and Lord Tennyson. His principal works are “Evenings in the Library,” “Canada under the Administration of the Earl of Dufferin,” nine leading papers in the “Encyclopædia Britannica,” and this high authority names Dr. Stewart among its strongest and most brilliant contributors amid a galaxy of learned and world-renowned names; “Frontenac and his times,” in Justin Winsor’s “Analytical and Critical History of America,” and “The Story of the Great Fire in St. John, N.B.” He is also the author of several articles in “Appleton’s Cyclopædia of American Biography,” and a contributor to the Scottish Review, London; Toronto Week, etc., etc. In May of 1878 the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of St. John, N.B., presented him with a handsome and very valuable gold watch and illuminated address, and a public dinner was given him by the citizens in 1872, upon his retirement from the editorship of Stewart’s Quarterly. In style of composition Dr. Stewart is graceful and dignified. His historical works bear the imprint of deep research and careful summarizing. Leading English and American magazines are frequently enriched by his articles, which are eagerly perused by the reading and deep-thinking savants of our day. Canada is proud of such a worthy literary representative, whose genius and versatile abilities make him the rival and equal of the best writers the old world can produce. He was married on the 28th of April, 1875, to Maggie M., niece of the late E. D. Jewett, of Lancaster Heights, St. John, N.B.

Ruel, James Rhodes, Collector of Customs and Registrar of Shipping at the Port of St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Pembridge House, Welsh Newton, Herefordshire, England, on the 22nd of October, 1820. His father was John Godfrey Ruel, a lineal descendant of the famous Dr. Johann Rühl, chancellor of the Cardinal Archbishop of Mayntz, the Elector Albert of Brandenberg, and also the favoured councillor and representative of Count Mannsfield in 1540 at the Diet of Nuremberg, and at other similar assemblies. Dr. Rühl was the brother-in-law of Luther, and stood boldly at his side in the great historic interview with Cardinal Cajetan at Augsburg. His devotion on this occasion drew from Luther the promise that he would never fail to reciprocate it to himself and to his children. He was one of the chief and most honoured guests at the great Reformer’s wedding, and was never addressed by him but with the profoundest expressions of official respect and brotherly affection. They appear to have lived together in the closest friendship. The family was of senatorial rank in the city of Heilbronn, and was related to the Counts Fugger of Kirchberg and Weissonhorn, the head of which at the present time is the Prince of Babenhausen, who is related to Queen Victoria through the house of Hohenlohe Langenburg. By a curious coincidence the Counts Fugger acted as the bankers of the Pope for the sale of those very indulgences against which Luther had opened the greatest crusade which was ever fought in Christendom. Gottfried Rüehl, a rich and distinguished member of the family, settled in London about one hundred and seventy years ago, and his grandson, John Godfrey Ruel, was born there; educated at Harrow, and served as an officer in the Royal marines in H.M.S. Thetis and other ships with considerable distinction until the peace in 1815. He married, in 1817, Catherine B. Cléry, a daughter of a descendant of a French count of that name, and came to New Brunswick in 1833 with his family of six sons and three daughters. He returned to England in 1849, and died there in 1852, and his wife in April, 1887, aged 98 years. James R. Ruel, his second son, was educated at the High School in Monmouth, England, and at the Grammar School in St. John, N.B. He entered the service of the city corporation in the common clerk’s office in July, 1839, and became successively deputy common clerk and clerk of the peace, auditor of county and city accounts, chamberlain of the city, and on 1st November, 1870, was appointed by the Canadian government to the offices he now holds. In September, 1850, he was associated with the Rev. Dr. I. W. D. Gray in the editorial management of the Church Witness, a newspaper established to counteract the teaching of the High Church party, and in 1855 took the sole management of the paper until its publication was closed in 1864. Previous to 1845 he had espoused the views of the Tractarian school, and was an ardent supporter of them, but finding about that time that they were not in accord either with the scriptures, or the doctrines of the great teachers in the Church of England of the Reformation era, he abandoned them, and has held ever since with a firm grasp the doctrines of grace as taught in the Evangelical school. He has been connected with St. John’s Church since October, 1833, and on its erection into a separate parish in 1853, he was elected a vestryman and vestry clerk, and has been one of the wardens of it for the last twenty years. On the occasion of the movement for the confederation of the provinces, he was chairman of the British American Association, which was formed at that time to promote it. And in all questions or projects to advance the welfare of the city of St. John he ever took a deep interest. He married in 1854 Harriet, a daughter of John Kinnear, who died in 1859, leaving no issue; and in 1861, Sophia M., daughter of the Hon. Hugh Johnston, by whom he has three sons and one daughter now living.

Earle, Sylvester Zobieski, M.D., St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Kingston, Kings county, New Brunswick, on the 7th August, 1822. His parents were Sylvester and Maria Earle. His paternal grandfather served as a captain in the royal army, during the American revolution, and on the proclamation of peace his company being disbanded, he came to New Brunswick where he settled. On the paternal side Dr. Earle is descended from John Zobieski, King of Poland. He received his education at the Kingston Grammar School, and then studied medicine under the celebrated Doctors Valentine Mott and Gunnay L. Bedford. He graduated from the University of New York, in 1844, and afterwards visited the several medical schools of Great Britain and the continent of Europe. He removed to St. John, in 1864, and began practice, and shortly afterwards was appointed surgeon to the 62nd St. John volunteer battalion, now the 62nd Royal Fusiliers. In 1845 he was made surgeon to the Kings county militia; and in 1846, in company with the late Colonel Saunders, raised the A troop of cavalry, which formed the nucleus of the present 8th cavalry, “Princess Louise Hussars.” During the Fenian raid in 1866, he was on active service with his regiment, the Fusiliers, at St. Andrews and at Campo Bello, and retired from the service in 1875, holding the rank of major. In 1867 he was appointed coroner for the city and county of St. John, and this office he still holds. In 1877 Dr. Earle was elected mayor of the city of St. John, the year of the great fire, and as a reward for the services he rendered on that trying occasion, was re-elected for another term by acclamation. He occupied the position of warden of the city and county during the same period; and in 1878 he was made a justice of the peace. He is a commissioner of the General Public Hospital, and a member of the St. John Board of Health. He has been a member of the Canada Medical Association since its formation, and is now its vice-president; is a past president of the New Brunswick Medical Association; is president of the New Brunswick Medical Council, and consulting physician to the General Public Hospital. He belongs to both the Masonic and Oddfellows’ orders, and occupies high positions in both organizations. The doctor has travelled a good deal, and is familiar with the leading cities in Europe and America. In politics he is Liberal-Conservative; and in religion is an adherent of the Episcopal form of worship. In 1847 he was married to Catherine McGill, daughter of Captain Allen Otty, R.N., and has issue four sons and two daughters. Thomas J. O. Earle, M.D., is practising medicine at Young’s Cove, Queens county; Allan O. A., barrister, practising in St. John; William Z., divisional engineer, Canadian Pacific Railroad; S. Z. Earle, also an engineer, Canadian Pacific Railway; two daughters, Eliza Crookshank and Marie.

Kennedy, George Thomas, M.A., B.A.Sc., F.G.S., Professor of Chemistry, Geology and Mining, in King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born on the 4th January, 1845, in the city of Montreal, Quebec province. His father was the late William Kennedy, builder, who was born in York, Yorkshire, England, on May 21, 1790, and died in Montreal, October 22, 1855. His mother, Ann Evans, was a native of Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, born 3rd April, 1800, and died in Montreal, 13th August, 1870. This couple were brought up as members of the Church of England, and were married by the late Dean Bethune, of Montreal, and their children christened by the same clergyman; but they afterwards joined the Congregational body, and the family were brought up in that church. This worthy couple had a large family, five of whom still survive, two sisters and three brothers. The sons are, George Thomas, the subject of our sketch; William, a retired builder, who from 1873 to 1876 sat as alderman in the city council of Montreal, and is at present (1887) a member of the same body, and also holds a commission as lieutenant-colonel of the Montreal Engineers; and Richard A., M.A., M.D.C.M., who is a practising physician in Montreal. He is also emeritus professor of obstetrics and diseases of children in Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, and consulting physician to the Montreal Dispensary, physician to the Western Hospital, etc., Montreal. Professor Kennedy was educated in Montreal, first at a private school, then at the Church Colonial School, and at the McGill Model and High schools. He then entered the arts department of McGill University, in September, 1864, and graduated B.A., with first rank honours in geology and natural science, in May, 1868. During the winter of 1869-70 he attended the Sheffield Scientific School, in connection with Yale College, New Haven, U.S., and whilst in New Haven he took a select course of post graduate studies, including practical chemistry, mineralogy, mining, assaying, German, etc. After his return home in the winter of 1870-71 he became assistant to Sir J. William Dawson, LL.D., F.R.S., in the chemical laboratory and museum of McGill College. In the fall of 1871, Mr. Kennedy entered as a graduate student in the applied science department of McGill, and in May following received the degree of M.A. (in course). In May, 1873, he graduated B.A.Sc. in civil and mechanical engineering in the same college. In the summer of 1873 he was elected professor of chemistry and natural science by the governors of Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., and in October of the following year entered upon these duties. In 1881 he resigned the chair of chemistry in Acadia College; and in the fall of 1882, the chair of chemistry and geology in King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, becoming vacant, he was offered the position by the late Dr. Binney, bishop of Nova Scotia, president of the Board of Governors, which he accepted, and entered upon his duties in January, 1883. In the spring of 1885, when the teaching staff of the college was re-organized, Mr. Kennedy was re-appointed to the same professorship. On the 29th June, 1887, the governors of the college elected him vice-president of the institution. In 1883 he was appointed librarian and scientific curator of the college museum, both of which positions he still holds. In November, 1876, Professor Kennedy was elected an associate member of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science; in August, 1880, a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; in December, 1883, a Fellow of the Geological Society of London, Britain; in August, 1884, a member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and before leaving Montreal he was a member of both the Natural History and the Microscopical Societies of that city. In the summer of 1869, Dr. G. M. Dawson, F.G.S., of the Canadian Geological Survey, and Professor Kennedy assisted Sir J. W. Dawson in the geological examination of the Devonian rocks of Gaspé Bay. And during a portion of the summer of 1871, in company with J. F. Whiteaves, F.R.S., palæontologist of the Canadian Government Survey, the professor also assisted in dredging, in the Canadian government schooner, for marine life in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. During the summer of 1832, Professor Kennedy commenced dredging the Basin of Minas, Nova Scotia, with the view of studying the marine life in that basin; and the work he is still carrying on. For several years past, as time permits, he has been examining the geology of Nova Scotia, and has also found time to contribute a series of articles to our scientific papers and magazines. He is an adherent of the Episcopal church. On the 17th July, 1878, he was married to Emma, daughter of John D. Longard, of Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Adams, Hon. Michael, Barrister, Newcastle, New Brunswick, was born at Douglastown, Northumberland county, N.B., on the 13th August, 1845. His parents were Samuel Adams and Mary Ann Adams, who were both natives of Cork, Ireland, and emigrated to this country. Mr. Adams received his education in the common school of the place of his birth. Having chosen law as a profession, he entered the law office of Hon. E. Williston in 1864, and continued to study under this gentleman until 1867, when he entered with the Hon. Allan A. Dawson, and in 1869 he was admitted to the bar of New Brunswick. The following year, 1870, he presented himself as a candidate for parliamentary honours, and was elected to represent Northumberland in the New Brunswick legislature. At the next general election he again offered himself for election, but the education question being before the county, and he being a strong supporter of the separate school system, he was defeated by about two hundred votes. Again, in 1878, he came before the electorate, and was returned by his old constituency; and in June of the same year he was made a member of the government, with the portfolio of surveyor-general. This necessitated another appeal to his constituents, when he was elected by acclamation. This office he held until 1882, when a general election took place and he was once more returned to parliament. In 1883, the government, of which he was a member, having suffered a defeat on a non confidence motion, he and his friends retired from office. At the general election held in 1886, the Hon. Mr. Adams was again returned; and in 1887 he resigned his seat in the local assembly to contest the county of Northumberland, in the interests of the Liberal-Conservative party, against the Hon. Peter Mitchell, an Independent Liberal, and was defeated. Since then Mr. Adams has been attending to his professional business, which is large and claims nearly all his attention. Hon. Mr. Adams visited Leadville, Colorado, some years ago, in the interest of a silver mining property partly owned by his brother, Samuel Adams, who is now State Senator for Colorado, and another, John J. Adams, United States Congressman for the city of New York, and who has a large interest in the Adams Manufacturing Company. As will be seen, Hon. Mr. Adams is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, has worked hard for his party, and we have no doubt that at no distant day he will be found in the House of Commons at Ottawa. He is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He was married in 1869 to Catherine L. Patterson, who died in 1881. He was married again on 29th November to Miss Nealis, daughter of Simon Nealis, Fredericton, New Brunswick.

Stephen, Sir George, Baronet, Montreal, President of the Canadian Pacific Railway of Canada, was born at Dufftown, Banff, Scotland, on the 5th of June, 1829, and received his education in the parish school of his native place. On leaving school at the age of fourteen, he was apprenticed to the late Alexander Sinclair, draper and dealer in dry goods in Aberdeen. After serving the usual apprenticeship of four years, he entered the service of the well-known wholesale and shipping house of J. F. Pawson & Co., of St. Paul’s Church Yard, London, where his business education was completed. In 1850 he came to Canada, and entered the service of his cousin, the late William Stephen, of Montreal, with whom, in 1853, he formed a partnership under the style of William Stephen & Co. Mr. Stephen having died in 1862, George purchased his late friend’s interest in the business, and at once entered largely into the manufacture of cloth. This venture having proved highly remunerative, he withdrew from the wholesale trade, and devoted his attention exclusively to this branch of business. He was elected a director of the Bank of Montreal, the largest banking institution in Canada; and in 1876, on the retirement of Mr. King from the presidency, he was chosen vice-president. On the death of the late David Torrance he was elected president. Sir George Stephen’s first connection with railway enterprises, and with which his name will always be connected in the annals of our country, was his joining a syndicate for the purchase of the interests of the Dutch holders of the bonds of the St. Paul and Pacific Railway, which gave them control of this partially constructed line. Realising the importance of this road as a link in the chain of railway communication with the North-West via the Pembina branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, they carried the work of construction rapidly forward, and soon found themselves in possession of an exceedingly profitable line. They were in a position to control not only the entire traffic of the Canadian North-West, but to render tributary a large part of Minnesota and Dakota. The large profits made from this monopoly they devoted to extending the sphere of their operations by constructing lines in various directions, making St. Paul the focal point of this system, and re-naming their line the St. Paul and Manitoba Railway. This led to Sir George’s connection with our great national line, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and in 1881 he was elected its president. In 1885, in conjunction with his cousin, Sir Donald A. Smith, he founded the “Montreal Scholarship,” tenable for three years, and open to the residents of Montreal and its neighbourhood, in the Royal College of Music of London; and again in 1887 he joined his cousin in presenting the munificent sum of $1,000,000 ($500,000 each) to build a new hospital, to be called the Victoria Hospital, at the present time (1887) in course of erection. In 1885 the government of Canada presented him with the Confederation medal, and in 1886 Her Majesty the Queen created him a baronet, in recognition of his great services in connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway. Though married, he has no family of his own to inherit his great wealth and honours. A few years ago his adopted daughter was united in marriage to the son of Sir Stafford Northcote, and resides in England. Sir George is one of the most popular, charitable and kind-hearted men in the dominion.

Harper, J. M., M.A., Ph.D., F.E.I.S., Quebec, the subject of the following biographical sketch, was born on the 10th February, 1845, at Johnstone, in Renfrewshire, Scotland. Dr. Harper is the son of the late Robert M. Harper, printer, bookseller and publisher, of Johnstone, and founder of the first weekly newspaper printed in that place. On the maternal side, he is of Celtic origin. His granduncle, the late Robert Montgomery, was for many years a prominent manufacturer in Johnstone, where he was held in high esteem by his fellow citizens. Johnstone forms part of the Paisley Abbey parish, a district famous for its schools, and it was at one of the best of those that the subject of our sketch received the rudiments of his education. From the parish school he went to the Glasgow E. C. Training College, an institution founded by Stowe, and one from which America has drawn several prominent educationists. He entered college as a Queen’s scholar of the first rank, and after completing the full course of study, retired with the highest certificates granted by the lords of committee of Council on Education, and with special certificates from the science and art department, Kensington. After coming to this country, he became a graduate of Queen’s University, Kingston, and some years ago he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the Illinois University, after completing the three years post graduate course in the section of metaphysical science. In 1881 he was unanimously elected a fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland, an honour seldom conferred upon teachers labouring outside of Britain, and only upon those of advanced experience. Before leaving Scotland he had received an appointment to an academy in New Brunswick, where he laboured successfully for the full term of his engagement. After several years residence in the Maritime provinces, he was eventually appointed principal of the Victoria and High Schools, St. John, N.B., the largest institution of the kind in that section of Canada. Here, as elsewhere, he laboured to raise the teaching profession in the estimation of the public, and endeavoured to foster an esprit de corps among the teachers themselves. He succeeded in introducing many of the improved methods of imparting instruction by holding meetings with the teachers, and otherwise followed up his efforts in this direction by giving instruction in drawing, chemistry, botany, and kindred subjects. In 1877 the Hon. L. H. Davies, premier of Prince Edward Island, visited the educational institutions of St. John, and meeting with the principal of the Victoria School, was not slow in recognizing his worth as an educationist. After carefully examining the system under which the St. John schools were being conducted, and no doubt anxious to introduce such a system in his own province, he invited Dr. Harper to accept the position of superintendent of Education in Prince Edward Island. This generous offer, however, was declined, as the head master of the Victoria School had no desire to leave his adopted province. But not long after, the Victoria School building was destroyed in the great fire of St. John, and, on hearing of the calamity, Mr. Davies followed up his previous offer by asking Dr. Harper to assume the principalship of the Provincial Normal School in Charlottetown. This the latter did, but only on the understanding that he would be free to return to St. John as soon as the Victoria School was rebuilt. While on the island the value of his work was at once keenly appreciated. In a letter written by the premier, in which he gives expression to the general sentiment of the public in regard to educational progress on the island, he says: “As a matter of fact, Mr. Harper organized the whole school. What existed under the name of Normal School was merely a name. He infused life and vitality into it. The bitterness of religious strife was such when he took charge as to defy all attempts to make the school in any sense a provincial one. By tact and judicious management, he succeeded in overcoming all that, and under his rule the school has been a great success. Intimately connected with him as I was for nearly two years, I can speak of his ability, tact, and administrative power, because he was, in addition to being principal of the Normal School, also superintendent of the city schools. He succeeded in carrying out the difficult task of grading Protestant and Catholic children in the schools, so that entire satisfaction was given to the citizens. I consider the province owes him a debt of gratitude for his successful labours.” Nor is the testimony of others less explicit. “Mr. Harper,” says the Rev. Mr. McLennan, “has occupied for some time the position of principal of the Normal School of this province, and of superintendent of the city schools, having been invited to occupy these offices by the government for the purpose of establishing a system of training, organization and equipment suitable to give effect to a Public School Act, passed by the legislature in 1877. The high reputation which he enjoyed as a teacher and writer on school affairs—the influential situation he was filling at the time as principal of the Victoria School, St. John, New Brunswick, and the recommendation of prominent educationists who were acquainted with his career, pointed him out as eminently fitted for the position offered to him in Prince Edward Island. The heavy task which he undertook was performed with vigour, ability, and acknowledged success. The condition of the city schools, in point of organization and methods of instruction, was soon brought into conformity with that which characterizes the best public schools in other provinces. A superior public edifice was constructed at a cost of $30,000; while in the Normal School the work of instruction and training, conducted more immediately by himself, gave indications of the value of that special work, virtually new in this province.” At the end of a year or more, when Dr. Harper proposed to return to St. John, the government of Prince Edward Island, being anxious to continue the work of educational progress so successfully inaugurated, put forth every effort to induce him to resign his position in New Brunswick, and to take up his abode permanently in Charlottetown. After some delay they succeeded, and for three years the subject of our sketch became a resident of the island, holding during the last year of his residence, when a change of government, in 1879, brought about the amalgamation of the Normal School and the Prince of Wales College, the position of professor in the amalgamated institution, with special supervision of the department for the training of teachers. Beyond his professional reputation, however, Dr. Harper has not failed to make his mark as a gentleman of matured literary tastes. From his earliest years he has taken a deep interest in literature and literary pursuits. In Nova Scotia he took an active part in establishing a literary periodical, devoted at its inception to the cultivation of Canadian literature, and has continued more or less frequently to contribute to our periodical literature in prose and verse. Many of his lyrics have been highly praised, while some of his poems in the Scottish dialect merit a prominent place in the literature of his native country. He also enjoys a reputation of some distinction as a writer and compiler of school text-books, and is the author of several excellent lectures, including “Plato,” “The New Education,” “Cause and Effect in School Work,” and others. The Literary and Historical Society of Quebec is indebted to him for two valuable papers, published in the Transactions, and entitled, “The Maritime Provinces,” and “The Development of the Greek Drama.” He is also a contributor to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. For many years Dr. Harper was rector of the Quebec High School, and for a season was also professor of mathematics in Morin College. At present he holds the position of inspector of Superior schools for the province of Quebec, being, besides, editor of the Educational Record, examiner for teachers’ licenses, and secretary-treasurer of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners. He is also president of the teachers’ local association; vice-president of the Provincial Association of Teachers; vice-president of the Quebec Literary and Historical Society, and president of the St. Andrew’s Society. In the rank of progressive educationists, Dr. Harper occupies a prominent place. Few can show a fuller record of honest work done in the interests of education in Canada. Indeed, he has always been most ready to lend his experience, professional training, and literary ability to advance the interests of a calling which is now being universally recognized as second in importance to no other. He was married to Agnes, daughter of William Kirkwood, of Stanley Muir, Paisley, by whom he has had two sons and five daughters. Mrs. Harper died in 1883.

Lyall, Rev. William, LL.D., Professor of Logic and Psychology in Dalhousie University, Halifax, is a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Paisley, on the 11th of June, 1811. He received his primary education in the Paisley Academy, then studied in the Glasgow College, and afterwards spent two years in the Edinburgh University. He adopted the ministerial profession, and was minister for some time of the Free Church (Presbyterian), Uphall, Linlithgow. He came to Toronto, Ontario, in 1848, and took a position as tutor in Knox College of that city. Two years afterwards, in 1850, he removed to Halifax, Nova Scotia, receiving the appointment of professor of classics and mental philosophy in the Free Church College there. In 1860, on the union of the Free and United Presbyterian churches in Nova Scotia, he held the same office in the united colleges at Truro. In 1863, when the Collegiate Institution was amalgamated with Dalhousie College, he was appointed to the professorship of Logic and Psychology in the Dalhousie University, Halifax, and this position he has continued to fill ever since. Professor Lyall has contributed several papers on theological and philosophical subjects to Canadian and foreign reviews. In 1855, he published a volume on philosophy entitled “Intellect, the Emotions, and the Moral Nature,” which was very favourably noticed by the reviewers at the time, and which he has used as a text-book in his prelections ever since. In 1864 he received the degree of LL.D. from McGill University, Montreal. He is evangelical in his religious views.

Johnston, Chas. Hazen Levinge, M.D., L.R.C.S., Edinburgh, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at St. John on the 21st December, 1843. He is the youngest and only surviving son of the late John Johnston, who was a graduate of King’s college, Windsor, Nova Scotia, barrister-at-law, member of parliament for the city of St. John, and for many years police magistrate for the same place; and grandson of Hugh Johnston, sr., who settled in New Brunswick, in 1783, became one of the leading merchants of St. John, and for seventeen years consecutively represented that city and county in the legislature. This gentleman was married to Margaret Thurburn, a Scotch lady, and a member of a very old family in Roxburgshire. Charles H. L. Johnston, the subject of this sketch, received his education at the Grammar School in St. John, New Brunswick, King’s College, Aberdeen, and at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. After his return to St. John he began the practice of his profession, and during the Fenian disturbance on the border, acted as assistant surgeon to the militia forces. During 1876 he occupied the position of surgeon to the Marine Hospital. Dr. Johnston joined the order of Masons in 1872, and became worshipful master of Leinster lodge, No. 19, in 1876. He has travelled a good deal in Britain and on the continent of Europe, and has profited professionally a good deal thereby. He has always belonged to the Episcopal church. On June 30th, 1886 he married Julia Augusta Barrett.

Mercier, Hon. Honoré, Premier of the Province of Quebec.—Among contemporary Canadian statesmen, a foremost place must be assigned to the present premier of the province of Quebec. The Hon. Honoré Mercier is not only a man of mark by reason of his position at the head of the government of one of the most important provinces of the Canadian confederation, but he is a remarkable man in every sense of the term. Speaking of him some years ago, while he was yet in opposition and little known beyond the limits of his own province, an eminent public writer said:—“He is certainly a man of much promise on whom this country, quite as much as any party, can build hopes of great usefulness.” This estimate is being daily realized. The great central figure in a new régime which commands the confidence and sympathy of an ever increasing parliamentary and popular majority in the province of Quebec, Mr. Mercier already fills a great space also in the eyes and hopes of the Canadian people as a whole. His fame as a popular leader, as a man of rare energy and ability, and as an exceptionally bold and successful political tactician, is no longer merely local. Within a remarkably brief period, it has extended all over the dominion, and his name is now almost as familiar from Halifax to Vancouver as that of Sir John A. Macdonald, whom he is said to resemble in many respects as a strategist and a parliamentary athlete of the first rank. From comparative provincial obscurity, he has sprung into a general prominence and importance with a rapidity almost without parallel in Canadian history. This circumstance is not so much due to his surprising success as the head and front of the great so-called national movement in the province of Quebec which followed the execution of Riel, and obliterated to a large extent much of the old party lines there, as to the bold and original stand which he has taken in defence of provincial rights and interests; and which has identified him, so to speak, with the cause of all the provinces of the Canadian confederation, against what are termed the encroachments and centralizing tendencies of the federal power. The subject of our sketch is a striking example of what can be achieved by natural talent, indomitable energy and force of character, coupled with political sagacity of a high order, and a ready appreciation of men and opportunity. After the provincial elections of 1881, it seemed as if the Liberal party in Quebec had been irretrievably beaten. They had been literally swept from the polls throughout the entire province, and mustered only fifteen representatives in the House of Assembly. It is beyond our purview to discuss the means by which this result, as well as the party’s disaster at the federal elections in the following year, came about. Suffice it to say that the cause seemed hopelessly lost, and that the Conservatives appeared to have tightened their hold more firmly than ever on the province of Quebec, which had so long been the sheet-anchor of Toryism in Canada. Even the most ardent Liberals, the most persevering champions of the party, were discouraged, and if they continued the fight, it was more out of a sense of patriotism and for the honour of the old flag than with any hope of victory, near or remote. There was one of the number, however, who did not despair at this dark hour of the party’s fortunes. This man was the Hon. Honoré Mercier. With undaunted courage, with wondrous tenacity of purpose and implicit confidence in the future, he began the work of reorganization on the very morrow of defeat. The task of collecting the scattered elements of the party and of leading them to victory seemed a herculean if not an impossible one to accomplish. But Mr. Mercier did not falter in it, and in the short space of four years he successfully achieved what, under other circumstances, would have taken at least a quarter of a century. Under his skilful leadership the vanquished of 1879 and 1881 have become the victors, and Mr. Mercier now reigns supreme in the province of Quebec. Throughout his whole career he seems to have been actuated by two grand ideas, one of which was to enlarge his policy and the basis of his party, to close up the breaches in it, to gather around him patriotic men without distinction of origin or party, and to throw open to all a broad ground of conciliation; and the other, which has been perhaps the most fruitful, to conquer the hearts of the people and to make his cause a popular one in the fullest sense of the term. Few public men have been better endowed by nature for the purpose. Still in the hey-day of life and manly vigour, Mr. Mercier combines great physical gifts with large magnetic personal influence. His face is of the Napoleonic type, and suggestive of extraordinary mental power and force of character. He looks in every sense of the words a man born to command; but, behind the mask of imperiousness, lies a fund of geniality and good nature which has earned for him the respect of his adversaries and the undying devotion of his friends through good and evil fortune. Much of his popularity no doubt is due to his political capacity, but still more of it may be ascribed to the generosity of his character and the fidelity of his personal and party friendships. From his very first appearance in the public arena, it was clear to every one that he was essentially a popular leader; but recent events have proved that he possesses in an eminent degree also all the qualities of a successful political leader,—ability, tact, diplomacy, decision of character, foresight, the statesmanlike breadth of view which soars beyond the triumphs of the hour to grasp the necessities of the morrow, and that loyalty which inspires confidence and renders alliances durable. As an orator, it may be fairly said that he has few equals. Few public speakers of his day excel him in the art of swaying an audience, whether cultured or illiterate. He touches their feelings or appeals to their reason with a force and a logic that always tell. A brilliant lawyer and a perfect master of parliamentary fence, he has also been described as belonging to that class of men who are always ready for duty, always equipped for a fight, and his blows invariably tell with sledge-hammer force. At the same time it must be conceded that he is a manly fighter, never taking an unfair advantage of an adversary, and always showing the courteous and polished Frenchman’s aversion to unnecessarily wound the feelings of others. His astonishing industry also constitutes one of his chief claims to the admiration of his friends, coupled with the courage and pluck which has carried him to victory against what at one time appeared the most desperate odds. He has lived a busy life, divided between journalism, law and politics; but it is mainly in his public capacity that his assiduity and powers of application have come to be most known and appreciated. Whether as leader of the Opposition or of the Government, he has been and is an indefatigable worker, always at his post and accomplishing more in a day than other public men usually do in weeks. Another secret of his great prestige among his fellow countrymen is to be found in his acute and rapid perception of the drift of popular opinion in his province, and the people’s growing confidence in the earnestness of his patriotism. As already stated, Mr. Premier Mercier is still in the full prime and vigour of life, his age being only forty-seven. He first saw the light in Iberville county, in the year 1840. He comes of a family of simple farmers, or habitants, as they are styled in Lower Canada, originally from Old France, but settled for several generations in the county of Montmagny, below the city of Quebec. His father was not wealthy, and had to provide for the wants of a large household; but he was a man of energy and foresight, and thought no sacrifice too great to arm his children for the battle of life by means of a liberal education. At the age of fourteen years, young Mercier was sent to the Jesuits’ College in Montreal to complete his education, which he finally did after a brilliant course of study; and, even to the present day, the premier of Quebec reverts with pleasurable recollection to his early struggles after knowledge, and loses no occasion to testify his affectionate and grateful regard for the masters who first taught his “young idea how to shoot.” The ardour with which he took up the cause of the Jesuits during last session of the Quebec legislature, and championed it to victory in the passing of their charter bill, is largely explained by this feeling, strengthened by the conviction that the legislature had no warrant to refuse to one religious order the ordinary privilege of civil rights which it had so freely granted to others. Like the vast majority of his French Canadian fellow countrymen, the premier of Quebec is, of course, a Roman Catholic, and imbibed a lively faith in the doctrines of that church from his parents and the teachers of his youth. That faith has not diminished, but increased with his maturer years. Still there was a time, and not yet very remote either, when, on account of his political liberalism and alliances, his orthodoxy was more than once seriously questioned by his political foes to his personal and party detriment. However, this has all passed away. It is now conceded by Papal authority that a man may be a Liberal in politics and yet a good Catholic; and the Lower Canadian clergy have come to understand that Mr. Mercier is not only a sincere Catholic in theory and practice, but that the interests of their church are as safe in his hands as in those of the self-constituted champions who proclaim their zeal for the faith from the housetops. At the same time, he is no narrow-minded bigot. There is probably no public man in the dominion free from religious or sectional bias. He never asks “the brave soldier who fights by his side in the cause of mankind, if their creeds agree.” A French Canadian in heart and soul, and a thorough son of the soil, still strict and impartial justice to all classes, races and creeds; undue favour to none, seems to be the motto upon which he has always acted in the past and desires to act in the future. Now, to return to the career of our subject. Some time after leaving college, young Mercier decided to make the law his profession. He accordingly entered the office of Laframboise & Papineau, at St. Hyacinthe, and was admitted to practice in 1865. But, three years before this event, he may be said to have entered public life, towards which the ardent young man felt himself irresistibly attracted. In 1862, at the age of twenty-two years, he became editor-in-chief of the Courrier de St. Hyacinthe, and made his mark as a vigorous and trenchant political writer. This was before confederation, during the Sandfield Macdonald-Sicotte administration. To that government, with its liberal and moderate policy, and its programme of conciliation between Upper and Lower Canada, the young journalist gave a warm support. But in the excited state of public opinion in the two provinces at the time, the task of pacification which it had undertaken was beyond its strength, and after a short and stormy existence, it succumbed. At this stage in Canadian history the political situation was exceedingly strained. Not only were parties in the legislature about evenly balanced, but Canadian politics were complicated by such burning and difficult questions as the Separate Schools, Representation by Population, and the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. Finally, despairing of reducing this apparent chaos to order, Mr. Sicotte retired, and Sandfield Macdonald reconstructed the cabinet by taking in from Lower Canada Mr. Dorion, now Sir A. A. Dorion, chief-justice of the Court of Queen’s Bench of the province of Quebec, and by openly repudiating the principle until then recognized of the double majority. Mr. Mercier who, in the Courrier de St. Hyacinthe, had sustained the Sicotte administration, went over to the opposition with his leader. He continued, with Cartier and a group of moderate liberals, to form part of the opposition, which he then regarded as a national opposition, and his powerful pen in the Courrier de St. Hyacinthe contributed immeasurably to the defeat of the ministerial candidate when the seat for St. Hyacinthe became vacant by Mr. Sicotte’s elevation to the bench. When the confederation scheme was broached in 1864 as the only means of cutting the Gordian knot of the political deadlock between the united provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, Mr. Mercier, who had supported Cartier in his opposition to the Macdonald-Dorion ministry, felt himself unable to approve his alliance with George Brown for the establishment of confederation, believing that the realization of the latter would be the death-warrant of the French Canadian influence, that the project was only another expedient to retain power in Tory hands, and that behind it, in the mind of Sir John A. Macdonald, lurked a long-meditated design to force a legislative union upon the provinces. His views, however, in this respect, were shared only by a small minority, and he resigned in consequence the editorial chair of the Courrier de St. Hyacinthe. But, later on, in 1865, when the project was regularly discussed in parliament, Mr. Mercier’s objections to it found expression through an opposition on the floor of the house; weak in numbers, it is true, but resolute and untiring in their efforts to render it less obnoxious to the French Canadians, and more favourable to the rights of the provinces. All or nearly all of the causes of friction which have since developed between the central and the local governments in the working of the new constitution, were then exhaustively ventilated by the liberals. They demanded, with Mr. Holton, that the Federal Act should expressly recognise the sovereignty of the provinces, and that only restricted and delegated powers should be conferred on the central government. They protested against the mode of constituting the Senate, the principle of the nomination of the lieutenant-governors by the federal ministry, and the right of veto upon the acts of the Provincial legislatures. To every assault upon the integrity of the scheme, Cartier invariably opposed the stereotyped reply that the Federal Act was a “sacred compact,” and that not one line of it could be altered without provoking a breach with the other provinces. This non possumus style of argument was successful in procuring the rejection of all the amendments proposed in the parliament of united Canada. But it found no echo in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, whose legislatures, while approving the confederation principle, refused to ratify the scheme in all its details. The whole question, with the right of amendment, seemed to be thus thrown open anew, and the hopes of the Lower Canadians, who looked to extract the most protection for their province from the project, once more revived. Meanwhile, while these events had been transpiring, Mr. Mercier had resumed the editorial direction of the Courrier de St. Hyacinthe in the month of January, 1866, having formed with Mr. de la Bruère, now speaker of the Quebec Legislative Council, Mr. Bernier, now superintendent of Education in Manitoba, and Paul de Cazes, his brother-in-law, a syndicate whose programme, in view of the adoption of the new constitution, was to give it fair play and to endeavour to make the most of it, after Lafontaine’s example in 1840. The opposition of the Maritime provinces having re-opened, de jure, the right of amendment, Mr. Mercier and his colleagues hailed the event with gratification; but, to their surprise, in February, 1866, La Minerve, of Montreal, and other newspapers, began to spread the rumour that the question would not be again submitted to the Canadian legislature, and that Cartier had consented to refer the settlement of the difficulties to Imperial arbitration. Thereupon, the managers of the Courrier de St. Hyacinthe published an article in which they distinctly declared that, if the principle of arbitration was accepted, they would go into opposition. A fortnight later, Cartier proposed to refer the pending difficulties to Imperial arbitration, and there was nothing left to Mr. Mercier and his colleagues of the Courrier but to execute their threat and transfer their talents and influence to the opposition. They were unanimous on the subject, and the article announcing their determination was prepared by Mr. de la Bruère. But, before it could be published next morning, Messrs. de la Bruère and Bernier, who have ever since remained Conservatives and attached to the fortunes of Sir John A. Macdonald, suddenly changed their views and refused to allow it to appear. A rupture ensued between the partners, and Mr. Mercier and Mr. de Cazes withdrew from the Courrier de St. Hyacinthe, this time for good. There is reason to believe that the turn of events at this stage so disgusted Mr. Mercier with politics that he resolved to abandon them altogether. At all events he retired from public life, and during the next five years devoted himself exclusively to the practice of his profession as a lawyer, only reappearing on the scene in 1871, after confederation, on the formation of the Parti National. As the occasion and objects of this movement in the province of Quebec may be either forgotten or not well understood at the present day, it may be useful to recall that the attitude of the Conservative government of Sir John A. Macdonald on the New Brunswick Separate School question in 1871, as later on the Riel question in 1886, provoked a split among his Conservative following from Lower Canada. A number of bold and ardent French Canadian spirits conceived that the opportunity was a favourable one to make another effort for the triumph of the principles for which they had so long and unsuccessfully battled, to set aside all party divisions and to rally under one standard all patriotic souls, Liberal and Conservative, in order to secure the predominance of the provincial influence over the hybrid alliances by which a majority was constituted and maintained in the Federal parliament. In other words, the promoters of the national movement held that in a confederation honestly and properly worked, the representatives of the people should above all regard themselves as plenipotentiaries of the provinces, and that instead of dividing into conservatives and liberals, it was their first duty to group themselves by provinces for the common defence of their provincial or national interests. At the head of the new party were such men as Messrs. Holton, Dorion, Loranger, Laframboise, Jetté, Mercier, F. Cassidy, L. O. David, and Béique, in the Montreal district, and Messrs. Letellier de St. Just, Joly, Thibaudeau, Langelier, Pelletier, and Shehyn, in the district of Quebec. Their platform included protection, complete provincial autonomy, and decentralization, vote by ballot, the trial of election contestations by the law courts, the abolition of dual representation, suppression of the Legislative Council, economy in the public expenditure, and the suspension of the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway until the resources of the country warranted the completion of that great work without saddling the people with the burthens of a ruinous debt. Mr. Mercier threw himself heart and soul into this movement, which promised to realize his dearest aspirations. He lent powerful assistance to the election of his friend, Hon. F. Langelier, for Bagot county, and in the following year, at the general elections of 1872, he was himself returned as the federal member for Rouville. On the meeting of the Dominion parliament in 1873, he took an active and leading part in the exciting debate on the New Brunswick Separate Schools question, and, with Hon. John Costigan from that province, then plain Mr. Costigan, he also eloquently defended Rev. Father Michot, a Catholic priest, whose goods had been destrained, and person imprisoned for debt by the authorities of New Brunswick, because of his refusal to pay tax towards the support of the Protestant schools. The result was that the government was beaten by a majority of thirty-five through the French Canadian vote, supported by the Liberals of Ontario; but Sir John A. Macdonald refused to recognize this adverse decision as a ministerial defeat, and announced his intention of referring the question of the New Brunswick schools to the Imperial government. A cabinet crisis was thus averted for the moment, but it was destined to be not long delayed. The last echoes of the fierce debate on the school question had hardly died away, when suddenly and almost without a note of warning, the astounding revelations which have since passed into history under the title of “The Pacific Scandal,” were sprung upon the parliament and country. In the midst of the most intense excitement all over the dominion, parliament adjourned in May, 1873, and between that date and the following August, when it was to meet again, Mr. Mercier was one of the most active in stumping the province of Quebec against the government, and in promoting the petition to the governor-general against the alleged intention to prorogue the house. To the prayer of this petition, however, Lord Dufferin did not deem it advisable to assent, and parliament was prorogued on the very day of its reassembling in August. But it was called again towards the end of October, and, after a seven days’ debate, which will remain forever memorable in Canadian annals, Sir John A. Macdonald announced that he had placed his resignation in the hands of his excellency. Two days later, the Liberal government of Mr. Mackenzie was formed, followed two months later, in January, 1874, by a dissolution of the Dominion parliament. At the general elections which ensued, Mr. Mercier had intended to again offer as a candidate for the county of Rouville in the interest of the new Liberal ministry; but, as another Liberal candidate of much local influence, Mr. Cheval, also proposed to run, he withdrew from the field rather than create a division, which might throw the constituency into Tory hands. In 1875 he once more reappeared on the scene in Bagot, which he stumped in favour of Mr. Bourgeois, now a judge of the Superior Court, with whom he had formed in 1873 one of the strongest law partnerships in the country. In 1878, when Mr. Delorme, the Liberal member for St. Hyacinthe, and now clerk of the Quebec Legislative Assembly, retired from the representation of that county, Mr. Mercier manned the breach in the Liberal interest; but was defeated by Mr. Tellier, the Conservative candidate, who carried the seat by the narrow majority of six votes. But for that disappointment he was consoled in the very following year by the brilliant victory on the same ground, which ratified his entry into the provincial government, and was the prelude to a new and more important phase of his public life. In March, 1879, when Hon. Mr. Joly, the then Liberal premier of Quebec, invited Mr. Mercier to fill the cabinet vacancy created by the death of Mr. Bachand, his ministry was virtually in a moribund condition. It did not command a large enough majority, and above all one sufficiently solid to survive the restoration of Sir John A. Macdonald to power at Ottawa, after the fall of the Mackenzie government. Coming events were already casting their shadows before; the Letellier question, as it was called, had waxed in bitterness; and there is little doubt that Mr. Joly and his colleagues foresaw clearly the near approach of their own official death. But they had resolved, for the honour of the cause and its future interests, to fight it out bravely and worthily to the end. They needed the help of a sturdy and experienced spirit for the purpose, and Mr. Mercier, who did not hesitate a moment about undertaking the task, was a few days afterwards elected to the Quebec legislature for St. Hyacinthe by the large majority of 307 votes. As solicitor-general in Mr. Joly’s cabinet, Mr. Mercier’s official career was too brief to permit of his displaying more than the qualities of an admirable law officer of the Crown; but, on the floor of the Quebec Assembly, he at once took a foremost place as an orator, debater and legislator. After the fall of the Joly cabinet, Mr. Mercier momentarily entertained the idea of retiring from public life for good and all, not that he despaired of the righteousness in his own mind of the cause which he supported, but more probably because this last attempt of the Liberals to capture and hold Quebec province, in which he had been called to take a too tardy part, had strengthened his long rooted conviction, that that party as then constituted in Lower Canada, were acting on too narrow and defective a basis to make successful headway against the existing combination of Tory interests and prejudices. Accordingly, having in the meantime removed in March, 1881, from St. Hyacinthe to Montreal, where he had formed a new law partnership with Messrs. Beausoleil & Martineau, he announced his intention to not come forward at the general elections of that year. This announcement produced a most powerful sensation throughout the province, but especially among his constituents of St. Hyacinthe, who, regardless of their party divisions, rose as one man to beg of him to reconsider his decision, which he finally did after long and earnest reflection, when he was returned once more to the legislature by acclamation. About this period of his career, or shortly afterwards, occurred the incident of the coalition, which came very nearly splitting up the Liberal party. Enlightened men in the ranks of both parties in the province felt that the existing state of things could not continue much longer; that their public men were wasting their energies in fruitless contention; and that ruin, political and financial, stared Quebec in the face unless the politicians on both sides clasped hands to forget old feuds and to form a strong coalition government on the broad national ground which might fearlessly apply the heroic remedies demanded by the critical nature of the situation. Mr. Mercier was all the more open to the advances made him from the other side, both during the administrations of Mr. Chapleau and his successor, the late Mr. Mousseau, in favour of this new departure, that he had strenuously advocated a policy of conciliation and union for the national good throughout his whole public life. He probably made a mistake in supposing that the hour was ripe for the fruition of such a policy, and that nothing more was needed to a general conviction of its necessity. But even so, the error was a generous one, prompted by patriotism. The proposals for a coalition, however, did not emanate from Mr. Mercier, but from his adversaries, that he only consented to entertain them upon certain well defined and strictly honourable conditions, and that in the entire business he was true to the controlling idea of his career as to the absolute necessity of union for the salvation of his native province. In the beginning of the session of 1883, Hon. Mr. Joly resigned the direction of the provincial Liberal party, and Mr. Mercier was unanimously chosen to succeed him, on Mr. Joly’s own motion, as the leader of the opposition. In this new and important role he at once found fitting opportunity and scope to display the great qualities which in so brief a period have placed him in the foremost ranks of French Canadian statesmen. Within the short space of three years he successively showed what an able and intrepid leader can do with the support of a small but disciplined and trusty band of parliamentary followers, to retrieve the fallen fortunes of his party, and to defend and lead to victory a popular cause the moment circumstances placed it in his hands. During the first portion of his task, Mr. Mercier maintained a struggle which cannot be otherwise characterized than as heroic. With a following in the House of Assembly reduced to fifteen members against fifty, he kept in check three successive governments of his adversaries, and if he did not succeed in defeating the two first by a vote, he at least forced them to take flight. One after the other, Messrs. Chapleau and Mousseau were compelled to retire from the field, admitting themselves to be too grievously stricken to continue the fight any longer against so sturdy an opponent, whose scathing denunciations of their policy and administrative methods were gradually arousing public opinion from its apathy with regard to the financial and political dangers that seemed to threaten the safety of the province. During this period, too, as well as during the rule of the succeeding Ross administration, Mr. Mercier not only exerted a mighty influence on current legislation, but proved himself the fearless and ardent defender of provincial rights, and lost no occasion to condemn in forcible terms what he had characterized as the grovelling and ruinous subserviency of the provincial conservatives to the overshadowing influence of Ottawa. His sympathy with the cause of constitutional liberty also found strong expression on more than one occasion in support of the Irish Home Rule movement and against coercion, and the various resolutions of the Quebec legislature on the subject either owed their paternity to him or in a large measure their adoption. From the session of 1886, the last of that parliament, the Ross ministry emerged woefully crippled by the sustained vigour of Mr. Mercier’s assaults, and with the outlook for the general elections complicated and darkened for the success of the Tory cause by the Riel affair. Still, even under the circumstances, it is doubtful whether, with the influence and active assistance of the Ottawa government, and in the usual way, Mr. Ross would not have carried a majority of the constituencies but for the split in the conservative ranks and the astounding energy and ability thrown by Mr. Mercier into the campaign, which preceded the general elections, and which was probably the most anxious and exciting ever fought in Lower Canada. As the accepted leader of the new National party formed in that province out of a combination of the liberals and conservative bolters, he not only directed the whole movement, but personally traversed the province almost from end to end, addressing as many as one hundred and sixty public meetings, and everywhere making his influence felt for the promotion of the cause. The elections came on in October, 1886, and resulted in a victory for the Nationals. But for several months afterwards the country was kept in a painful state of ferment by the refusal of the Ross government to recognize their defeat or to call the legislature. It has been charged that they spent the interval in endeavouring to seduce the few National Conservatives elected from their allegiance to Mr. Mercier; but, if so, they failed, and the circumstance only tends to further attest his tact and skill as a political manager and strategist. Finally they were compelled by the force of public opinion to meet the representatives of the people in January, 1887, when Mr. Mercier and his supporters met with a triumphal reception at the provincial capital, and the popular verdict rendered against the Tories at the polls in October was ratified by a majority of nine in the House of Assembly on the first vote for the election of the speaker. Still the Ross ministry would not resign until Mr. Mercier rendered their humiliation more complete by taking the control of the house out of their hands, and carrying the adjournment against their will, amid one of the most exciting scenes ever witnessed in legislative halls. In a few more hours the Ross administration had ceased to exist. Mr. Mercier was called upon by the lieutenant-governor to form a new cabinet, and in less than twenty-four hours more, with his usual decision and promptitude, he had made his choice of his colleagues, and announced it to the legislature and the country, both of which received it with marked satisfaction. He also demanded and obtained an adjournment of both houses until the following March, in order to allow of his own re-election and that of his colleagues (which took place in each case by acclamation), and to get time to prepare his programme for the regular work of the session, when the speech from the throne was delivered, and he publicly appeared for the first time as leader of the Government and the Assembly. Considering the shortness of the time at their disposal for preparation, the policy formulated by the new government constituted a very satisfactory instalment of the reforms which Mr. Mercier and his friends had advocated while in opposition. Its principal planks were the restoration of the finances to a sound basis, the readjustment of the representation, and the better protection of provincial rights and autonomy. The measures proposed for the purpose by ministers, with the exception of that relating to the readjustment of the representation which was held over for more exhaustive study until another session, were all sanctioned by the house, and by the end of the session the government’s majority had materially increased in the Assembly, while in the Crown-nominated branch, the Legislative Council, much less partisan obstruction was encountered than had been anticipated. Its close left him more firmly seated in the saddle than ever, and with an addition to his prestige and popularity, which has been since largely increased by the marvellous success of his administration as evidenced in the settlement of the long pending dispute with Ontario, respecting the division of the Common School Fund, and the unusually advantageous negotiation of the new provincial loan of three and a half millions. These and a number of other happy incidents of his official career thus far have been attributed by his adversaries to good luck; but there is far more reason to think that they are ascribable to good management. In his profession, Mr. Mercier has risen to the highest honours. He is actually the attorney-general as well as the premier of Quebec. He has been twice bâtonnier of the bar of the Montreal district, and the respect entertained for him by his legal colleagues is so great that they unanimously elevated him not long since to the still more distinguished eminence of bâtonnier-général of the bar of the province. It is not given to man to pierce the veil that conceals the future from human ken, but, judging of Mr. Mercier’s future by his past, there is reason to confidently hope for much solid and lasting good to the province of Quebec and indirectly to the Dominion, from his continuation at the head of the public administration of that important member of the Canadian confederation where his presence has already worked a marked change for the better. That he has been the object of serious misrepresentation in the past there can be no manner of doubt. Heralded to the world as the apostle of an advanced radicalism which in reality has no representative in this country, he has not only preached, but practised a different gospel, and in office has proved himself to be unusually moderate and conciliatory, as well as a man of broad and generous views, free from sectionalism, and exceedingly anxious to do justice to all races, classes and creeds, yet fully determined to work out the regeneration of his native province on the great lines of reform which he has ever regarded as essential to that desirable end. Alarmists, for partisan purposes, may affect to believe that he is unfriendly to the rights and privileges of the English speaking minority in the province of Quebec; but he has done nothing yet to warrant that impression, and in the speech which he delivered at St. Hyacinthe, on the 16th June last (1887), during the great demonstration there in his honour, he emitted no uncertain sound on the subject. On that occasion he made use of the following language, which should, it seems, dissipate the last remnant of apprehension, if any be entertained, as to the fair-minded spirit by which he is actuated: —

In private life the premier of Quebec is a charming conversationalist, and one of the most genial of companions. He has been twice married, firstly, to Léopoldine Boivin, of St. Hyacinthe, who died leaving one daughter; and lastly, to Virginie St. Denis, also of St. Hyacinthe. Madame Mercier is one of the most distinguished members of French Canadian society, and fittingly adorns the prominent position to which she has been called by the side of her eminent husband.

Chamberlain, David Cleveland, Insurance and General Agent, Pembroke, Ontario, was born at Point Fortune, province of Quebec, on the 22nd July, 1838. His father was Hiram Chamberlain, and his mother, Elizabeth Minerva Hayes. The family removed from Point Fortune in 1842, to a place on the Ottawa river, a new settlement in the township of Westmeath, in Renfrew county, then known as the Head of Paquett’s Rapids. Though at the time the place was little better than a wilderness, Mr. Chamberlain, sen., began to manufacture lumber, and successfully carried on this business until his death, which occurred in Quebec city in 1854, from cholera. He left a family consisting of a widow and six children, the subject of our sketch being the eldest. After securing some education at the public school, David engaged himself as clerk with Alexander Fraser, a lumber merchant, who, by the way, subsequently married his sister, and with this gentleman he remained until 1868, when he removed to Pembroke, and began business on his own account as a merchant. He continued to trade until 1876, and then gave up mercantile pursuits, adopting in lieu thereof a general insurance agency. Since then he has worked hard, and has succeeded in building up a profitable business in that line. He now represents in that district of country twelve of the principal English and Canadian fire insurance companies, and the Standard Life Insurance Company of Scotland, doing business in Canada. Outside of business, Mr. Chamberlain has taken a part in the world’s work. He is a member of the Oddfellows’ organization; has been a school trustee; was for twelve years a member of the High School board; treasurer of the township of Westmeath; and at present is treasurer of the school moneys of the town of Pembroke. He belongs to the Methodist denomination; and in politics is a Liberal-Conservative. On January 10, 1860, he married Martha Maria Huntington, daughter of Erastus Huntington, and has a family of five children living.

Angers, Hon. Auguste Réal, Judge of the Superior Court, Quebec, was born in the city of Quebec on the 4th of October, 1838. His father, F. R. Angers, was a lawyer who occupied a distinguished position at the Quebec bar. Justice Angers studied at Nicolet College, in the province of Quebec, and entered his father’s office to study law. He was admitted to the bar in 1860, and practised his profession with marked success in the law firm of Casault, Langlois and Angers. In 1874, he was made a Queen’s counsel. When the Hon. J. E. Cauchon resigned his seat in 1874, the electors of the county of Montmorency elected him to represent them in the provincial parliament. In the same year the Hon. M. de Boucherville was called upon to form a new cabinet, and he offered the portfolio of solicitor general to Mr. Angers, whose brilliant reputation had marked him as a future minister. He accepted, taking the oath on the 22nd of September, and therefore becoming a minister without ever having occupied a seat in parliament. In 1875 Mr. de Boucherville taking a seat in the Legislative Council, the leadership of the Assembly fell into the hands of Mr. Angers, who became attorney-general on the 26th January, 1876. Messrs. Angers and de Boucherville worked harmoniously together, both being scrupulously honest and equally devoted to the public interests. At that time the North Shore Railway, which had been talked about for thirty years, was yet in an embryo state, private enterprise having failed to carry out the scheme; they resolved to build the road as a government work, with the help of the municipalities which had voted liberal grants towards the construction of the road, Montreal and Quebec having given $1,000,000 each. The wonderful debating powers of Mr. Angers, and his keen foresight in looking upon this railway as the future link of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and probably of a direct route to the seaboard, helped to carry the measure. Thanks to the construction of the North Shore Railway, Montreal, the metropolis of Canada, and Quebec became de facto the terminal points of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and since the completion of this gigantic national highway, Montreal has added 40,000 to her population. As a legislator, Mr. Angers ranks among the foremost representative men of the Dominion; the Electoral Act and the Controverted Elections Act bear testimony to his intimate knowledge of law. The former act has been universally admitted by the courts to be superior to the Dominion act, while the latter ranks equally high. The enquête is made before one judge only, and the case is pleaded before three judges, whose decision is final, whereas in the case of the Federal law, a controverted election case that can be carried in appeal to the Supreme Court is distasteful to the people of the province of Quebec, and an appeal invariably entails long delays and enormous costs. The Superannuated Fund law, providing for the widows and orphans of civil servants, is also due to Mr. Angers. This law is now in force, and gives satisfaction to all the parties concerned. Not the least important of the laws introduced by Mr. Angers, and carried through the Lower House, in 1876, was the act framed by the government concerning education, and giving control to both Catholics and Protestants over their respective educational matters. It was mainly due to his efforts that the new departmental buildings were erected in Quebec, this being a guarantee that the historic city and the capital of letters of the Dominion will permanently retain the seat of provincial government. Montreal and many other municipalities having failed to meet their obligations with respect to the grants they had voted to the North Shore Railway, a measure was introduced during the session of 1877-8, to compel these municipalities to hand over the amounts they owed to the provincial treasury. Great importance was attached to this measure, inasmuch as the province would have had to pay the large amounts subscribed by the municipalities if the latter were allowed to evade their just liabilities. This bill, however, as well as another government measure having for its object an increase of revenue, created some agitation in political circles. The lieutenant-governor, Mr. Letellier de Saint-Just, a strong Liberal partisan, who had been a bitter enemy of the Conservative party during twenty years, dismissed the de Boucherville administration from power on divers pretexts, proved groundless since, alleging among other pretences, that the premier had not obtained the consent of the Crown before introducing the two measures above mentioned. It was shown afterwards that Mr. de Boucherville had obtained from the lieutenant-governor a blank form for the introduction of the government’s financial measures. On the dismissal of Mr. de Boucherville, the subject of our sketch took the leadership of the Conservative opposition, and caused the legislature to adopt several votes of want of confidence in the Liberal government, with Mr. Joly as premier. The latter appealed to the electorate, and at the general election held on the 28th of May, 1878, Mr. Angers was defeated in his constituency (Montmorency) by a vote of twelve. His defeat was due partly to the united energies of the Liberal party, and partly to the influence of the city of Quebec, whose million Mr. Angers had endeavoured to obtain for the province, were thrown in the balance against him. Thoroughly convinced that the conduct of the lieutenant-governor was contrary to the usages of responsible government, and that such a precedent would prove dangerous to provincial rights, Mr. Angers determined to bend his energies towards procuring the dismissal of Mr. Letellier, and when Sir John A. Macdonald came into power at Ottawa, at the general elections of 1878, he (Mr. Angers), together with Hon. J. A. Ouimet (now Speaker, 1887), and the late Hon. Justice Mousseau, took steps to attain that object, and their efforts were crowned with success. In 1880, Mr. Angers was elected a member of the House of Commons for the county of Montmorency by an enormous majority, and after sitting one session, was elevated to the bench, to the great regret of his friends who had every reason to believe that a brilliant political career was still in store for him. After the election of 1886, the provincial premiership was offered to Mr. Angers, but as his acceptance of the post involved a question of principle, he did not feel inclined to accept it, and on the Hon. L. O. Taillon’s resignation, Mr. Mercier was offered the position, which he accepted. The parliamentary career of Mr. Angers showed that as a debater he had no superior, and few equals in the country. A generous heart, a manly, straightforward character, an unblemished reputation, profound legal learning, such are the sterling qualities that will make of Mr. Angers an honour and an ornament to the Canadian bench. It may be added that he is a Canadian, in the sense it is understood by the men who intend to make this Dominion a great country.

Wood, Robert Edwin, Barrister, Peterboro’, Ontario, was born on the 31st of August, 1847, in the township of South Monaghan, county of Northumberland. His father, Robert Wood, emigrated from Yorkshire, England, and settled in South Monaghan, in 1833, and died in 1857. His mother was Sarah Armstrong, of Monaghan, Ireland. Robert was educated at the Cobourg Grammar School and Victoria College. He graduated in arts in 1873, and immediately afterwards entered the law office of the late John Coyne, then M.P.P. for the county of Peel. Upon this gentleman’s death, he entered the office of the late W. H. Scott, M.P.P., Peterboro’, and afterwards studied with Edward Martin, Q.C., Hamilton. He passed his final examination in Trinity term, 1876, but owing to the fact that only two years and nine months had elapsed between his primary and final examination, he could not be called to the bar until Michaelmas term of the same year. He then commenced the practice of law in Peterboro’, in September, 1876, and has so continued to the present. He has a large and increasing practice, and owes his present position mainly to his own energy and exertions. In March, 1886, upon the elevation of C. A. Weller to the bench, he received from the Ontario government the appointment of county crown attorney, and clerk of the peace for the county of Peterboro’ (on the 31st of March, 1886.) Mr. Wood takes a deep interest in Masonry, and is master of Corinthian lodge, No. 101, A. F. and A. M. He was master of the same lodge in 1883. Prior to his present appointment to office, he took a leading part in all parliamentary contests, on the Reform side, principally in advocating the principles of this party from the platform. Mr. Wood is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married on the 17th of February, 1881, to Henrietta Frances, daughter of the late Philip Roblin, of Rednersville, Prince Edward county, Ontario.

Flynn, Hon. Edmund James, Q.C., LL.D., Quebec, M.P.P. for Gaspé county, is a native of the county he so ably represents in the Quebec legislature, having been born at Percé, on the 16th of November, 1847. His father, the late James Flynn, who was of Irish descent, was during his lifetime a trader and farmer in Percé, the place of his birth. His mother, Elizabeth Tostevin, was also a native of Percé, though her father was from the island of Guernsey, one of the English channel islands in Europe. The Hon. Mr. Flynn was educated at the Quebec Seminary, and at the Laval University, Quebec, graduating with honours, having taken at Laval the degree of master-in-law (LL.L.), in July, 1873. And Laval again, in 1878, presented him with the degree of LL.D. He adopted law as a profession, and in September, 1873, he was called to the bar of Quebec, and has ever since continued to practice as barrister, etc., in the ancient capital. Previous to this time, he, from 1867 to 1869, held the positions of deputy-registrar, deputy-prothonotary, deputy-clerk of the Circuit Court of the Crown and of the Peace, for the county of Gaspé, conjointly with that of secretary-treasurer of Percé municipality. He has been a professor of Roman law in Laval University since 1874. From the 29th of October, 1879, to the 31st of July, 1882, he was commissioner of Crown Lands for the province of Quebec; commissioner of Railways, from the 11th of February, 1884, till July, 1885, and solicitor-general from 12th May, 1885, till the 20th of January, 1887. The Hon. Mr. Flynn was made a Queen’s counsel in 1887. He has taken an active part in political affairs for the past fourteen years, and has been a candidate at eight different elections for Gaspé county. First in 1874, when he presented himself as a candidate for a seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa, but afterwards withdrew from the field when he was made a professor in Laval University, considering it incompatible to hold both offices. Again in 1875 and 1877, for the Quebec legislature, when he was defeated after a very severe contest, there being only small majorities against him, especially in 1877. This election he contested, and unseated his opponent; and the following year, on the 29th of April, he was elected by acclamation. On his entering the Chapleau cabinet in the fall of 1879, as commissioner of Crown Lands, he was again elected by acclamation. At the general election held in 1881, Mr. Flynn was once more elected by acclamation. On his accepting office in the Ross cabinet in 1884, which necessitated an appeal to the electorate, he was stoutly opposed by Major John Slous, but he beat this gentleman by a majority of 988 votes. At the general election held in October, 1886, he once more presented himself for election, and was returned by acclamation by his old friends at Gaspé. The Hon. Mr. Flynn has always been in principle a Liberal-Conservative. By his struggles in the county of Gaspé, he has succeeded in securing for the electors complete freedom and independence in the exercise of their franchise, which had been affected by the interference of certain large commercial firms. In the legislature the part played by Hon. Mr. Flynn has been most prominent as regards constitutional questions in particular. He has won for himself the well-deserved reputation of being a strong and energetic upholder of constitutional liberty; in proof of this it will suffice to refer to his noble and manly defence of the liberty of the press in the case of the Nouvelliste, in 1885, and his most eloquent speech on the question of Home Rule for Ireland, etc. His attention has been given to many other subjects of importance, such as that of colonization, which he has always and ever endeavoured to promote. He is the author of a homestead law for the benefit of settlers. His administration of the crown lands was marked with an increase in the revenue, increase in the value of timber limits, mineral lands,—and by many useful rules and regulations, calculated to promote colonization and the welfare of the many persons in the province who are occupiers of crown lands. Many other important measures were framed by him and carried through the legislature through him, namely: The Quebec General Mining Act of 1880; several acts concerning the crown lands, railways, the protection of forests, and encouragement of planting of trees, etc. He has also always taken a most lively interest in the question of the construction of a railway from Metapedia, on the Intercolonial Railway to Paspébiac and Gaspé Basin. Grants in land were secured in 1882, whilst he was commissioner of Crown Lands, and the same were converted into money grants under his auspices as commissioner of railways. He believes that in the construction of this line rests the future welfare of the population of the Gaspé peninsula. His travels have been always directed towards the acquisition of a complete knowledge of Canada, and the different parts thereof. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He was married on the 11th May, 1875, to Maria Mathilde Augustine, daughter of Augustin Coté, editor of Le Journal de Québec, and niece to the late Hon. Joseph Cauchon, heretofore lieutenant-governor of Manitoba, etc. He has had eight children, of whom six are still living. He resides in Quebec city.

Hanington, Hon. Daniel L., Q.C., M.P.P. for the county of Westmoreland, residence, Dorchester, New Brunswick, was born at Shediac, N.B., on the 27th June, 1835. His father, Colonel Hanington, was for long years a member of the Assembly and Legislative Council of New Brunswick; and his mother Margaret Peters, a daughter of William Peters, a U. E. loyalist, who for years represented Queens county in the New Brunswick legislature. Daniel, the subject of this sketch, received a Grammar School and academic education at Shediac and Sackville, in his native county. After leaving school he commenced the study of law with Charles Fisher, attorney-general, of Fredericton, and finished with Judge A. L. Palmer, of Dorchester; was called to the bar of New Brunswick in 1861; and on the 11th November, 1881, was appointed a Queen’s counsel. Mr. Hanington has been very successful in his profession, and has a large practice in the courts of his native province, and as counsel in Nova Scotia and in the Supreme Court of the Dominion. From 1867 to 1870 he occupied the position of clerk of circuits and clerk of the county court of Westmoreland, when he resigned those offices to contest the election of that year, and was chosen to represent the county of Westmoreland in the New Brunswick House of Assembly. He sat therein until the summer of 1874, when on again appealing for re-election, he was defeated on the “Bible and religious instruction in the Common Schools” question, which he advocated. However, he was again chosen at the general elections of 1878, 1882, and 1886, to represent his old constituency. In July, 1878, he was appointed a member of the Executive Council; and on the 25th May, of the year 1882, he became premier. In February, 1883, he resigned office with his colleagues. Mr. Hanington has always taken a deep interest in educational matters, and for about seventeen years was a school trustee. In politics he is a Liberal of the old New Brunswick school of politicians; is a supporter of the Liberal-Conservative government at Ottawa, and took an active part in the last Dominion election. He is an adherent of the Episcopal church, which he represents in the Diocesan and also the Provincial Synod. In October, 1861, Hon. Mr. Hanington was married to Emily Myers, daughter of Thomas Robert Wetmore, barrister-at-law, and judge of probate, Gagetown, N.B. The fruits of this marriage have been seven children, three sons and four daughters.

Mellish, John Thomas, M.A., Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Pownal, Prince Edward Island, on January 26th, 1841. He is the eldest son of the late James Lewis Mellish, of the same place, and Margaret Sophia, his wife, daughter of John Murray, formerly of Tullamore, Ireland; grandson of Thomas Mellish, known in his day as “a most loyal British subject, and a devoted adherent of the Church of England;” and great grandson of Thomas Mellish, an officer of the British army, and member of an old and highly respectable English family, who settled on Prince Edward Island in 1770. Captain Mellish was for many years provost marshal or sheriff of the island, collector of customs, and a member of the Legislative Assembly. An interesting trial took place at Charlottetown, in the early part of 1779, arising from his seizure of the convoy ship Duchess of Gordon, for smuggling. He took an active interest in the defence of the colony during the American war, and was on military duty, assisting in raising troops at Halifax and Fort Cumberland, during the winter of 1779-80, returning to the island in the following spring. James Lewis Mellish, the father of John Thomas Mellish, died on the 14th June, 1886, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. His mother, a native of New York, was a daughter of the late James Lewis Hayden, J.P., a loyalist, who removed from Shelburne, N.S., to the island in 1785, having left New York in 1783. A newspaper extract says: “We have to record the death of one of our oldest and most highly respected citizens. James L. Mellish, Esq., late of Pownal, departed this life on the 14th inst., at the residence of his son, Stewiacke, N.S., whither he had gone a short time before on a visit. His remains were brought home for interment. In his death the community loses a most worthy and upright citizen. Energy, strength and integrity were united in his character. From his youth up he was a devoted and active member and office-holder of the Methodist church. He spent his life for the most part on his farm at the place of his birth. Mr. Mellish married, March 25th, 1840, Miss Margaret Sophia Murray, a lady of strong mind and superior attainments, of whose companionship he was deprived by death about ten years ago. Their married life was blessed with ten children, each one of whom is to-day occupying a position of usefulness and responsibility.” John Thomas Mellish, the subject of our sketch, was educated at Prince of Wales College, Charlottetown, and Mount Allison College, Sackville, New Brunswick, and holds from the latter the degrees of B.A. and M.A. On the opening of Cumberland County Academy, Amherst, Nova Scotia, in 1865, Mr. Mellish, who had been teaching at Guysborough, was selected to fill the position of head master, but resigned in 1870, in order to accept a situation in Mount Allison College and Male Academy, and was head master of this academy from 1871 to 1874. In the latter year, he was appointed on his own terms to the principalship of Albro Street School, Halifax, the largest school in the province. At the close of 1880, the strain of constant school work on Mr. Mellish’s health compelled him to place his resignation in the hands of the Halifax school commissioners, although that body the year before had raised his salary for the third time, and designated him to the position in the High School, vacated by the late Dr. H. A. Bayne, on his appointment to the Royal Military College, Kingston. Official records and reports testify to the great value of Mr. Mellish’s services in the cause of education. The Superior School grant was awarded to him when at Guysborough, his school being ranked as best in the county. While in charge of the academy at Amherst, he prepared a large number of students to matriculate in the different colleges, and a still larger number to pass the examinations for teachers’ licenses, from the academy or grade A license down. The last year he was at Mount Allison, it was found necessary to add six additional dormitories, in order to accommodate the increased number of boarders in the academy. Mr. Mellish has in his possession not less than a dozen complimentary addresses and quite a number of pieces of plate, books, &c., presented to him by his pupils, on anniversary and other occasions. In the summer of 1874, he made the tour of Great Britain and Ireland, and has since delivered on many occasions a lecture entitled, “My Visit to Scotland.” He frequently lectures on different subjects, and contributes to the newspaper press; is the author of various papers and pamphlets on educational and kindred topics, and of several papers on scientific subjects, published in the Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science; is a member of the institute, and was associate secretary with the Rev. D. Honeyman, D.C.L., in 1875-80; has been president of the Teachers’ Institutes, at different places; is a magistrate, and a local examiner of the University of London; was for several years a vice-president of the Halifax Young Men’s Christian Association; and is a lay preacher of the Methodist church. Mr. Mellish married, July 18th, 1867, Martha Jane, only surviving daughter of the late Benjamin Chappell, of Charlottetown. They have six children living,—Arthur, Alfred Ernest, Mary Sophia, Anne Elizabeth, Martha Louise, and Frances, and one, John Thomas, died in infancy. All the children old enough are going to school. Arthur belongs to No. 3 Co., 82nd battalion militia, and with his company was called out and ordered to proceed to the front during the North-West rebellion. Every preparation was made to start, but after the company had been in barracks about a fortnight, the order was countermanded on account of the capture of Riel. Mr. Mellish has four brothers and five sisters: Rev. I. M. Mellish, Methodist minister, Nova Scotia conference, formerly captain in reserve militia; H. Pope, farmer, Stewiacke; James Roland, chief agent British American Book and Tract Society, Halifax; Humphrey, mathematical master, Pictou Academy, B.A., of Dalhousie College, matriculated with honours, first division in London University; Anne, wife of J. L. Archibald, J.P., of Halifax; Catharine Douglas, wife of Philip Large, Charlottetown; Mary (widow of the late A. N. Archibald, of Halifax), chief preceptress Mount Allison Ladies’ College, Sackville, New Brunswick; Martha Janet, and Margaret Elizabeth, unmarried.

Moody, Rev. John Thomas Tidmarsh, D.D., Rector of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. This deceased divine was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the 25th of March, 1804. His father, John Moody, who was one of the earliest merchants of Halifax, was born in New York, June 19th, 1779. His great grandfather, John Moody, was born in London, and also his grandfather, Thomas Moody, were loyalists. The family came to Nova Scotia about the year 1783. His mother was Mary R. Tidmarsh, of Halifax. His parents were married in 1800, and both lived to a great age, Mr. Moody to his 92nd and Mrs. Moody to her 86th year. The Rev. Dr. Moody received his education at King’s College, Windsor; took his B.A. degree in 1824; M.A. in 1833, and had the degree of D.D. (hon.) conferred, at the Encœnia of 1883, only a few months before his death. He was ordained deacon by the Rt. Rev. John Inglis, D.D., bishop of Nova Scotia, who also ordained him priest in the following year. Immediately after his ordination as deacon, he was appointed to the rectorship of Liverpool, N.S., where he succeeded the Rev. W. Twining, the first rector, and had charge of this parish for nearly twenty years. His work was largely of a missionary character throughout the county of Queens; and he was also chairman of the board of school commissioners during that time. Before leaving Liverpool he had the satisfaction of seeing his parish church much enlarged, two chapels and several school-houses erected in the rural districts, and the communicants increased from 19 to 200. Rev. Dr. Moody’s second appointment was that of rector of Yarmouth, in 1846. This position he held to the time of his death, which took place, suddenly, of apoplexy, on the morning of the 18th of October, 1883. During this period he saw the number of communicants in his parish more than trebled, and baptized, during his ministry of fifty-one years, considerably over 2,000 persons. The present parish church, which bears the name of Holy Trinity, was consecrated in 1872 by the late Rt. Rev. Hibbert Binney, D.D., bishop of Nova Scotia. It is a very handsome brick structure, in the early English period of architecture, and will seat about 700 persons. There are also two handsome school-houses in this parish. The church property is valued at about $40,000. One of the most pleasing events of his later years was the celebration of his golden wedding, on Tuesday, 14th of September, 1880. His surviving children were all present on that occasion. His parishioners and other friends took that opportunity of presenting him and his estimable wife with a cordial address, accompanied with a valuable present, as a slight token of their affectionate respect. We quote the following from his obituary notice, which appeared in the Yarmouth Herald of Oct. 25th, 1883: —

Dr. Moody was married on the 14th of September, 1830, to Sarah Bond, eldest daughter of the late Henry G. Farish, M.D., of Yarmouth. His widow survived him, but entered into her rest on the 20th of May, 1887, universally beloved and revered. They had a family of nine children, only four of whom; three daughters and one son, survive them. Their eldest son, John T., rector of Tusket, N.S., died on the 4th of October, 1864, leaving a widow and three children. Their second son, Henry G., was a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and died on the 30th of July, 1873, leaving a widow. James C., the only surviving son, is a graduate of the University of New York, and is engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery at Windsor, Nova Scotia.

Crinion, Rev. James Eugene, Pastor of the Roman Catholic Church, Dunnville, Ontario, was born on the 13th of April, 1859, in the parish of Slane, county of Meath, Ireland, and came to Canada in 1874. He received his primary education in St. Finian’s Academy, Navan, Meath county, Ireland, and continued his studies at St. Michael’s College, Toronto, completing his theological course at the Grand Seminary, at Montreal. The Rev. Father Crinion was the youngest of the thirteen students brought over from Ireland in 1874, by the late Bishop Crinnon, the year that right rev. prelate was consecrated bishop. After leaving Montreal, Mr. Crinion went to Hamilton, and was ordained a priest by Bishop Crinnon on the 30th June, 1881, in St. Mary’s Cathedral, who then appointed him assistant priest of the parish of Arthur, Wellington county, Ontario. In this charge he remained two years, and then revisited the scenes of his youth, in Ireland. On his return to Canada, he was appointed curate of St. Basil’s Church, Brantford. From this place, on the 8th September, 1886, he was transferred to Dunnville, and made first resident pastor of that parish. Here he has done good work, and succeeded in erecting a handsome new church, which is a credit to him and his congregation, and an ornament to the village. Its foundation or corner stone was blessed and laid on July 1st, 1886, by the Right Rev. Dr. Carbary. The style of architecture is Italian. The building consists of a nave seventy feet long by thirty-five feet wide, with chancel eighteen feet deep by twenty-one feet wide, having on the east side a beautiful Lady chapel, and on the west side a commodious sacristy. The chancel arch is ornamented with pilasters, surmounted by a rich classic moulding. The Lady chapel and entrance to sacristy have a similar finish. The ceiling is covered with rich mouldings. Over the front entrance is a good-sized gallery, calculated to accommodate over one hundred persons, and exquisitely finished in front. The high altar, the gift of Bishop Carbary to the church, is a splendid specimen of classic design which adds a grace and beauty to the entire structure. It consists of the altar proper, with super altar and tabernacle. The reredos presents a large ope, with circular top, for picture of the crucifixion. It is supported by two Corinthian pilasters, with richly-carved capitals, supporting a frieze and entablature. On the frieze is the inscription, “Gloria in excelsis Deo,” and in the pediment of entablature is a dove, emblem of the Holy Ghost, surrounded by rays. Then the entire altar is surmounted by a floriated cross. The altar was painted by Mr. James, of Dunnville, in a flat white, with the carvings and enrichments richly gilded. The work was executed by Cruickshank, of Hamilton, and reflects great credit on the skill and taste of the artificers. The pews, designed by R. Clohecy, the architect of the building, were made by Messrs. Bennett, of London, and finished in their usual careful manner. The entire appearance of the interior of this church has a finished and pleasing effect. The front of the church has a large circular window, with smaller windows at each side, and a great door for principal entrance. On the east angle of the front is a beautiful campanile rising to the height of seventy feet. In this companile, or tower, is another entrance to the church for winter use. It also contains a solid stairway to the gallery. The sides of the church are pierced with windows, filled with ornamental glass. Between the windows are buttresses, which give an air of strength and massiveness to the structure. The greatest credit is due to the accomplished architect, R. Clohecy, who has thus given a solid proof of his high culture and good taste, and has produced a monumental work for the good catholics of Dunnville mission. The entire cost is about $8,000. The building was taken up by Father Crinion in September, 1885. The care and watchfulness he bestowed on the work is now amply rewarded by having one of the most beautiful churches of its size in the province of Ontario in which to administer to the spiritual wants of his faithful and devoted people. A new presbytery is now in course of construction, which will be ready for occupation during the winter of 1888.

King, Edwin David, M.A., Q.C., Barrister, Halifax, was born at Onslow, Colchester county, Nova Scotia, on the 26th of December, 1841. His father, John King, was a Scotchman by birth and parentage, and, on his mother’s side, was first cousin of the distinguished Scotch philosopher, Thomas Carlyle. When an infant, he removed with his parents to Nova Scotia, where he continued to reside until his death in June, 1887, in the eighty-second year of his age. For a long period he had been an active justice of the peace, having at one time, for some ten years, filled the office of stipendiary magistrate, for the town of Truro, where he resided at the time of his decease. In November, 1828, he married Sarah Ann, only daughter of the late Nathaniel Marsters, of Onslow, and the mother of the subject of our sketch. She is still living at Truro. Mr. Marsters was a loyalist of English descent, and with his parents removed to Nova Scotia at the time of the rebellion of the New England colonies. He represented the township of Onslow for some years in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. Edwin David King early manifested a fondness for study, and could read very well (so we have been told) when four years of age. He attended such schools as Onslow provided, until the summer of the year 1856, when, being in feeble health, he was sent to be a clerk in a store at Antigonish, with the promise, however, that if at the end of two years his health improved, and he still desired it, he should receive a legal education. He accordingly left Antigonish in 1858, and took the high school course at the Provincial Model School, Truro. Subsequently he studied at Acadia College, Wolfville, where, in 1863, he graduated, taking the B.A. degree in course, and in 1866, on submitting a thesis, he received the degree of M.A. In September, 1863, he entered upon the study of the law, and removed to Wallace, Nova Scotia, where he was articled as a law student with Henry Oldright, barrister. He studied with Mr. Oldright two years, during which time having acquired a knowledge of phonography, he spent the winters in Halifax, as assistant reporter to the Legislative Council, Mr. Oldright being the official phonographic reporter for that body. In 1865, his articles of clerkship were transferred to James Royer Smith, Q.C., an English barrister, registrar of the Court of Vice-Admiralty, and practising at Halifax. He was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia in December, 1867, since which time he has practised his profession at Halifax, and has also been a member of the Barristers’ Society, of Nova Scotia. He is now the senior member of the firm of King & Barss—W. L. Barss, LL.B. (Harvard), having been admitted a partner with him in January, 1877. In October, 1875, he visited Bermuda, on a special retainer, as leading counsel for defendant in the celebrated burial case of James vs. Cassidy. (This was an action of trespass brought by Rev. Mr. James, rector of the parish of Hamilton, against Rev. John Cassidy, then pastor of the Methodist Church there, for reading the Methodist burial service, and officiating at the burial of one of his own congregation, in the parish church yard, and, at the time, was the occasion of intense excitement throughout the island). In 1884, he was called within the bar, and received letters patent, appointing him a Queen’s counsel. Since 1875, he has been retained as counsel in many important cases growing out of the Liverpool Bank failure; insurances cases; actions involving the title to the Shubenacadie Canal, etc. He has a large practice in the Supreme and County Courts of Nova Scotia. Mr. King became actively associated with the Nova Scotia militia in 1863, and in 1864 was commissioned as adjutant of the 4th Cumberland regiment, with the rank of captain. On removing to Halifax in 1865, he took command of a company in the 11th Halifax regiment, and remained actively connected with that corps until the re-organization of the militia, under the Dominion statutes and regulations. He is a member of the Senate of the University of Acadia, having been elected in 1882, and he is also a governor of Acadia College, to which position he was elected in 1883. In 1876, he was appointed one of the directors of the Halifax School for the Blind, and held the office for one year. In 1872, the Halifax School Association for promoting the efficiency of the public schools was formed, and he was its first secretary, occupying that office for three years. He has always been a total abstainer from alcoholic drinks, having joined the cold water army when a child. In 1863, he first became a member of the order of Sons of Temperance, and in 1865, was initiated into the Grand Division of Nova Scotia. For some time past he has, however, ceased to be an active member of this organization, owing to the pressure of other duties. He is a prominent member of the Halifax Young Men’s Christian Association, and is one of the six trustees in whom its property is vested, having been first elected to that office in 1875. He has also been a member of its executive committee for many years. In 1871, the Sunday School Association of the Maritime provinces was formed, and he has ever since been an active promoter of that work, and has thrice filled the office of president of the association. He was also chairman of its executive committee from 1872 until 1885, when separate associations for the several provinces were organized. Since 1885, he has been chairman of the executive committee of the Sunday School Association of Nova Scotia. He is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and helped to kill repeal in February, 1887. He takes an active part in elections, both Dominion and local. On the college question he is opposed to “consolidation,” and in favour of placing higher education outside the pale of state support or control. He believes that the smaller, fairly well equipped colleges in our country, managed and sustained by denominations or other independent agencies, can better secure the guards and checks, and afford facilities for the mental, moral, and Christian culture, demanded of the youth of our country. On several occasions he has publicly supported these views. He is a Baptist, as were his parents. He united with the Baptist Church at Wolfville, in 1861, and since 1868, he has been a member of the first Baptist Church in Halifax. He is one of its deacons, superintendent of its Sunday school, and chairman of its finance committee. On the 6th of February, 1869, he was married to Minnie S., eldest daughter of John W. Barss, who is a banker and justice of the peace, residing at Wolfville, Nova Scotia. This gentleman is well known in the Maritime provinces, by his generous benefactions for benevolent purposes. Acadia College, Wolfville, has been, perhaps, foremost among the objects of his bounty, having received donations from him amounting in the aggregate to $10,000 and upwards. Mrs. King, who is a native of Halifax, received her education there and at the Ladies’ Seminary, Warren, Rhode Island, United States. They have no children of their own, but have adopted as their daughter, a niece of Mrs. King’s, who lives with them at Halifax.

Antliff, Rev. J. Cooper, M.A., D.D., Montreal, was born at Huddersfield, England, on the 1st February, 1844. He is the eldest son of the late Rev. W. Antliff, D.D., who for fifty years enjoyed the distinction of being one of the bright and shining lights of Methodism in England. In 1862 he was made editor of the Connexional Magazine, and for five successive years held that post; he was then called to take charge of the Theological Institute opened at Sunderland, and for thirteen years he acted as its principal. Rev. Dr. W. Antliff, we may here add, held during his lifetime nearly all the positions of honour in the power of his denomination to bestow. He was a forcible and effective preacher, possessed of great natural force of character, of unbending integrity, good literary ability, and possessed of administrative talents of a high order. The Rev. J. Cooper Antliff, the subject of our sketch, received his educational training in Haslingden Wesleyan School, and at Edinburgh University. When only eighteen years of age he became his father’s colleague to whose counsel and example he owes much of the success that has so far attended his life work. After spending sixteen years in the ministry in the British conference, in 1878 he was sent out from England to take charge of the Primitive Methodist Church, Carlton street, Toronto, for five years, when according to the arrangement of the Conference he was to return to England. But owing to the union of the Methodist bodies in Canada in 1883, he abandoned his home-going, and was appointed to the office of secretary of the General Conference by the united bodies, and thereby became custodian of the public documents of the church and keeper of its records, an honour that has been highly appreciated by his numerous friends. After a ministry of six years in the Carlton street church, Dr. Antliff removed to Montreal to take charge of the Methodist Church on Dominion square, where he is now doing good work for the Master. While in Toronto he took part in every social and moral reform, and was generally a favourite among all who had the good of humanity at heart. For four years, from 1879 to 1883, he was editor of the Christian Journal, the denominational paper of the Primitive Methodist church in Canada. He was one of the founders of the Ministerial Association, and was its secretary for two years, and afterwards its president for one year. He had the degrees of M.A. and B.D. in course conferred upon him by the University of Edinburgh, and in 1887 Victoria University conferred upon him the honorary degree of D.D. He is a member of the Board of Regents of Victoria University, and of the Senate of the Wesleyan Theological College at Montreal; and is also a member of the court of appeal of the Methodist church, which consists of six clergymen and six laymen. The Rev. Dr. Antliff is possessed of good natural abilities, and has a highly cultivated mind, brimful of knowledge. As a preacher and a lecturer he is highly popular, being blessed with good oratorical powers, and a voice both sweet and powerful. Matter, however, is of greater importance than even voice, and of this he has an abundance. It is varied in character, being both secular and sacred, ancient and modern, scientific and scriptural, and he deals it out with no sparing hand. The style of his sermon varies: he can handle a subject well, either textually or topically, while as an expository preacher—perhaps partly the result of his five years residence in Scotland—he shines with considerable lustre. His platform utterances are generally excellent, and at times powerful, especially when dealing with the cause of temperance. In politics he advocates Liberal measures; but owing to his ministerial duties he does not give prominence to his political views. Dr. Antliff has been twice married; first, in Derby, England, to Fanny Holden, daughter of John Holden, of Dalbury Lees, Derby. She died in Toronto in February, 1880, leaving three children, two boys and a girl. Second, in Toronto, 1882, to Mrs. Ray, widow of Dr. Ray, and daughter of the Rev. E. Gooderham.

Robinson, Samuel Skiffington, Barrister, Orillia, Ontario, was born in the city of Montreal, Quebec province, on the 6th January, 1845. His father, Arthur Guinness Robinson, was a civil engineer, and superintended the works on the Lachine Canal, at Montreal, when they were first being constructed. His mother was Mary Mulock. His uncle, Charles J. Robinson, is now county judge for Lambton county. The mother of the Hon. Edward Blake and the widow of the late Judge Connor were half-sisters of Arthur G. Robinson. The grandfather of the subject of our sketch, Samuel Robinson, M.D., belonged to Dublin, Ireland, and in July, 1832—along with his son Arthur G.; William Hume Blake, his wife, mother and sisters, and his brother, Rev. D. E. Blake; the late Archdeacon Brough, who had married Miss W. Blake; the late Justice Connor; and the late Rev. Mr. Palmer, archdeacon of Huron—sailed for Canada. The vessel which they had chartered for the voyage—the Ann, of Halifax—had scarcely been at sea three days when one of the crew was seized with cholera and died, and the body before morning was thrown overboard. In consequence of this untoward circumstance, the party felt inclined to return to Ireland, but owing to the sanitary measures adopted by Dr. Robinson the plague was stayed. After a voyage of seven weeks they reached the St. Lawrence, and found that cholera had become epidemic in Canada. They were subjected to a short quarantine at Grosse Isle, and were then permitted to pursue their journey to Toronto (Little York), where they remained about six weeks, and here the party separated. Mr. Brough went to Oro, on Lake Simcoe, Dr. Skiffington Connor to Marchmont village, Orillia township, and the Blakes to the township of Adelaide, of which the Rev. D. E. Blake had been appointed rector by Sir John Colborne, the then governor of the province. Dr. Robinson returned to Ireland, taking his son Arthur G. with him, who, the following season, returned with his brother Charles (now county judge of Lambton), and settled in Orillia township, Charles going farther west. Samuel Skiffington Robinson received his education in Upper Canada College, from which he graduated; and having adopted the law as a profession, he entered the office of Blake, Kerr, Lash & Cassels, in Toronto, where he remained until he was called to the bar. He shortly afterwards moved to the beautifully-situated town of Orillia, which he has had the satisfaction of seeing rise from a backwoods village to a thriving town of four thousand inhabitants. He has succeeded well in his profession, and is at present solicitor for the Dominion Bank agency there, and holds several other important positions. Mr. Robinson has not entirely confined himself to his professional duties, and as a consequence his fellow citizens have honoured him by electing him mayor of the town, which position (1887) he now occupies. He held the office of churchwarden in the St. James Episcopal Church of Orillia, for a number of years; and for several years was president of the Reform Association. He, too, has devoted some attention to the militia, and holds an ensign’s commission in the Simcoe battalion. In politics Mr. Robinson is a Liberal; and in religion is an adherent of the Episcopal church. On the 13th December, 1871, he was married to Elizabeth Millar. Mrs. Robinson’s brother, Melville Millar, was the first mayor of Orillia, which position he held for several terms.

Baillairgé, Louis de Gonzague, Queen’s Counsellor and Chevalier-Commandeur of the Illustrious Order of St. Gregory the Great, is a son of the late Pierre Florent, city treasurer of Quebec under the magistrates, and of Marie Louise Cureux de Saint-Germain, daughter of the late Antoine Cureux de Saint-Germain, captain of transatlantic mercantile vessels. This pious and venerable lady, whose mortal remains rest beneath the vaults of the Basilica, died at Quebec, at the advanced age of ninety, on the 16th of July, 1859. Pierre Florent, her husband, was one of the writers of the Canadien, wherein he published some satirical articles in verse, although he was not a poet, against the administration of Sir James Craig, the governor-general, who on that occasion ordered the seizure of the type and entire plant of the printing office, on the 17th March, 1810. His excellency, at the same time, issued an order to arrest him, together with his friends, Judge Bédard and Lefrançois, who were both imprisoned. Florent, however, escaped imprisonment through the influence of one of his friends, Mr. Young, a magistrate. L. G. Baillairgé now occupies the building, the door of which was burst open by a squad of soldiers armed with rifles and fixed bayonets, under command of Capt. Thos. Allison, of the 5th regiment of infantry, who was also a justice of the peace, where they seized the Canadien printing office, machinery and papers. Mr. Baillairgé is the grandson of Jean Baillairgé, architect and engineer, who was born at Saint-Antoine de Villaret, Poitou, France, on the 30th of October, 1726, and emigrated, in 1748, to Quebec, Canada, where he acted as assistant to Viscount de Léry for the construction of the city gates connected with the fortifications which still surround it. He fought in the battle of the Plains of Abraham, on the 13th September, 1759, and served in the army during the blockade of Quebec in 1775-76 by Montgomery and Arnold. He and his son François, who had studied painting, architecture, and statuary at the Royal Academy of Paris, are the artists who decorated the interior of the Basilica, and designed and executed the “baldaquin” which surmounts the main altar of the sanctuary, and is so much admired. Six of the twelve surrounding statues were sculptured by them; those of Saint-Ambroise and Saint-Augustin, in the lateral chapel of Sainte-Anne, were executed by Thomas, the son of François, who also sculptured the basso-relievo representing the Supper of Emmaus, on the front of the central altar in the church of Sainte-Anne de la Pocatière, respecting which he was highly congratulated by Lord Dalhousie, who took great interest in works of art. The statues of Saint-Louis, king of France, and Saint-Flavien, on either side of the principal altar of the Quebec Basilica, and the two others in the lateral chapel of Sainte-Famille, were executed by artists in France. These specimens of Canadian and European art are such that even the experienced eye of a keen observer can with difficulty decide which of them displays the greatest artistic skill. François Baillairgé’s studio and workshop were in the building now occupied as a livery stable, on St. Louis street, by Mr. Driscoll. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria, paid frequent visits to the artist in this studio, and gave him orders for the execution of various artistic works, as a proof of his appreciation of his ability, and in order to give him all the encouragement he could. He also induced him to organize a club of young men to give theatrical performances, and afterwards invited them to play a comedy in the casemated barracks of the citadel near St. Louis gate. Jean Baillairgé, his son François, and Thomas, the son of the latter, may be justly considered as the fathers of Canadian architecture, sculpture and statuary. Louis de Gonzague Baillairgé, the subject of our sketch, is the uncle of George Frederick, deputy minister of Public Works of Canada, and of Charles, the city engineer of Quebec, chevalier of the order of Saint-Sauveur de Monte Reale, in Italy. He completed his classical course of studies in 1830, at the Seminary of Quebec, and afterwards studied law under the Hon. Philippe Panet. When the latter was appointed judge, he continued his legal course under the Hon. R. E. Caron, and was admitted to practice at the bar on the 12th October, 1835. In 1844 he became the partner of the latter, who was then the mayor of the city of Quebec, and was later on appointed as successor to Sir Narcisse Belleau, as lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec. In 1850 Mr. Baillairgé was appointed, together with Mr. Caron, his associate, as joint attorneys of the corporation of Quebec. In 1853, on his partner being appointed one of the judges of the Court of Queen’s Bench, the partnership was dissolved, and the entire practice of the firm, one of the most extensive of the bar of Quebec, remained with him. He continued to act for the corporation of the city until the 22nd of February, 1861, when the council passed a resolution containing the following:—“That L. G. Baillairgé, attorney of the corporation, having efficiently contributed to the economical administration of justice by means of his legal advice, laborious application and praiseworthy disinterestedness, and having also by means of his persevering energy, ensured the collection of considerable sums of money which the city would have lost by the extinction of its mortgages if he had not acted in such energetic manner; he is entitled to the respect of this council, and to the confidence of the public.” Pursuant to this resolution, Mr. Baillairgé was nominated sole attorney and legal adviser of the corporation, in which capacity he continued to act until the 9th of October, 1885. He then requested the city council to grant him an associate for the transaction of city affairs, in the person of the Hon. A. P. Pelletier, of whom he was the patron, and who practised as a lawyer in his office for more than twenty years. The city council readily assented to this proposal, and accordingly passed the following resolution on the same day:—“That this council, taking into consideration the letter of L. G. Baillairgé, Q.C., most willingly avails itself of the opportunity to express its high appreciation and its gratitude for the eminent professional services rendered by Mr. Baillairgé to the city of Quebec during so many years, for the honour and advantage of the city, and accedes with pleasure to Mr. Baillairgé’s request.” In 1885, the government having decided to appoint assistant judges for the Superior Court during the existence of the Seignorial Court, offered him one of the appointments. In 1856, the government tendered him the recordership of the city of Quebec, which had been created, for the first time, by the Act 19, 20 Vict., chap. 106. In 1860, when Chief Justice Bowen retired from the bench, he was invited to replace him during the time of his retirement. In 1860-61, he was called upon to fill the seat rendered vacant in the Superior Court by the death of Judge Power on 1st July, 1860. However lucrative and honorary these appointments might be, he declined accepting any of them; their value, in his estimation, could not, he thought, compensate him for the loss of his personal independence. In 1863, he was appointed Queen’s counsellor, under the Dorion administration. In 1873 he became bâtonnier of the bar of Quebec, and was considered as one of its most trustworthy and distinguished members and one of its most eloquent orators. In 1882 he conceived the noble and philanthropic idea of getting a church or missionary’s chapel constructed in each of the five parts of the world, under the name of one of the members of his family, together with a Canadian oratory, under the name of his patron saint. These churches are either completed or in course of construction, one of them being in Southern and the other in Equatorial Africa. The one erected at the southern end of lake Victoria, Nianza, is named, “St. Pierre de Bukumbi,” and is the first church which has been constructed of stone, in the centre of Africa. The journal of Les Missions Catholiques contains the following, in regard to this church: Monseigneur Livinhac, vicar apostolic of Nianza, has selected this church for his cathedral, and blessed it accordingly, on All Saints day, in 1886. It excites the admiration of the natives, who come from afar in great numbers to examine it, and afterwards return to their homes to speak of the marvellous temple they have seen. They all say that they never saw such a wonderful edifice, it being the first architectural structure ever erected in these regions, in honour of the Divinity. Another of these churches is in course of construction in the province of Nouba, in Central Africa, as agreed upon with Cardinal Sagaro, through the Reverend Father Bouchard, who accompanied the Canadian contingent of Voyageurs to the Nile; and another has been constructed at Rapid Creek, near Palmerston, in the Pacific Ocean. As regards the oratory at Jerusalem, Mr. Baillairgé has not yet succeeded in obtaining the requisite “firman,” permitting its construction from the Turkish government. Objections have been made, but hopes are entertained that they will be finally overcome. Mr. Baillairgé is one of the members and founders of the National Society of Saint-Jean Baptiste of Quebec. He succeeded Sir Narcisse Belleau as “Commissaire Ordonnateur” of the society, and afterwards was elected as its president, in which capacities he acted during a term of fifteen years, until 1859, when he resigned on account of the pressure of professional duties, but remained a member of the society. During this long period, Mr. Baillairgé spared no efforts to establish the society on a solid and lasting basis, and to establish and strengthen its connection with the other national societies of the city. He was also one of the founders of the “Institut Canadien,” whose début was so humble in its origin, but which is now flourishing, and may at present be considered as the focus of learning and of the national aspirations of Canadian youth. In 1873, he was chosen as one of its honorary presidents. He is one of those who first conceived the idea of collecting and afterwards depositing, in June, 1854, in one grave, the scattered remains of the brave warriors of the 78th Highlanders, and of the French “Grenadiers de la Reine,” who were slain during the battle, on the heights of Ste. Foye, between Generals Lévis and Murray. To his exertions and those of his friend, Dr. Robitaille, we are chiefly indebted for the construction of the monument, “Aux braves de 1760, érigé par la Société St. Jean-Baptiste de Quebec, 1860,” which now stands over the graves, in order to commemorate the victory won by the French, on the 28th of April, 1760, six months after the battle of the Plains of Abraham. The solemnity of the proceedings, on this occasion, was never surpassed, except during the official reception of Cardinal Taschereau. The event was witnessed by about 12,000 persons. The British military authorities graciously assented to all the requests of the St. Jean-Baptiste Society, in connection with the inauguration of this monument, and furnished two regiments of the line with a company of artillery and its guns, who placed themselves next to a detachment of the French navy from the Imperial corvette La Capricieuse, then visiting Quebec. The monument consists of a bronzed iron column, resting on a pedestal of masonry, surmounted by a bronze statue of Bellona, which was donated to the Society of St. Jean-Baptiste by Prince Napoleon Bonaparte. The name of “Murray,” with the arms of Great Britain, is inscribed on the side opposite the city, and that of “Lévis,” with the arms of France, on the opposite side of the pedestal. The inscription, “Aux braves de 1760, érigé par la Société St. Jean-Baptiste de Québec, 1860,” with its surrounding laurel wreath, is upon the face fronting the Ste. Foye road; on the opposite side, facing the Laurentides, there is a bas-relief representing the windmill, one of the most contested points of the battle-field; a bronze mortar rests on each corner of the pedestal. Before the departure of Prince Napoleon from Quebec, Mr. Baillairgé met his friend, Dr. Bardy, ex-president of the society, who requested him on behalf of the society to visit the Prince at the Russell Hotel, and to request him to grant a statue for the crowning of the monument. The Prince, after conferring with Baron Gauldrée de Boileau, graciously assented to the request. The design of the monument, which is about 90 feet in height, was made by Chevalier Charles Baillairgé, the city engineer. The country is indebted to Mr. Baillairgé for the possession of the “Standard of Carillon.” This ancient relic of the past, whenever it appears in the ranks of the procession of St. Jean-Baptiste, awakens the memories of the valiant deeds of their forefathers during the memorable day of the 8th July, 1758. He searched, during more than ten years, with incredible perseverance, for this old standard, and finally succeeded in finding it in the abode of an old friend of his family, Frère Louis Bonami, of the order of Saint François d’Assize, at Quebec, beneath a mass of old articles half reduced to dust by decay, at the bottom of an old trunk. Father Berry, superior of the Recollets at Quebec, was one of the almoners of the army of Carillon under Montcalm. After the campaign of 1758 he took charge of the standard, and brought it back to Quebec, where it was suspended to the vault of the Recollet Church, and remained there until the church was destroyed by fire on the 6th of September, 1796. Frère Bonami and another rushed into the church to save what articles they could, threw them into a trunk, and were hurrying out with them at the moment when the standard dropped near their feet, from the vault of the nave, and, picking it up, also threw it into the trunk, which he carried off, with his companion, to a place of safety, and afterwards sent it to his dwelling, where it was found by Mr. Baillairgé, after a lapse of more than half a century. (See Revue Canadienne of 1882, vol. II., page 129). On various occasions, and especially in 1857, he was invited to present himself as a candidate to parliament for Quebec, but always declined the proffered honour. He was one of the founders of the Courrier du Canada, at Quebec, and helped it out of numerous difficulties which generally attend the establishment of a new journal. The Courrier has been in existence ever since, and will, it is hoped, continue to prosper for many years hereafter. In 1863 he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd battalion of the militia of Quebec, under Lord Elgin. On the 24th of February, 1885, Mr. Baillairgé founded a chair of sacred and profane eloquence in connection with the faculty of arts of the Laval University at Quebec, known as “La Chaire Baillairgé.” On the 26th of July, 1886, his Holiness the Pope Leo XIII., addressed an autograph letter to his Eminence Cardinal Archbishop Taschereau, respecting the newly founded professorship, which contains the following:

His Eminence Cardinal Taschereau accordingly addressed the following letter to Mr. Baillairgé, on the 21st of August, 1886:

The Hon. Mr. Fabre, who published this letter in the Paris-Canada, a newspaper which is printed at Paris, adds:

Cardinal Taschereau’s letter was followed by his “Pastoral Letter” of the 8th of December, 1886, respecting the Laval University, and alluding to the chair founded in that institution by Mr. Baillairgé. On the 18th of May, 1887, his Holiness the Pope Leo XIII., nominates Mr. Baillairgé “Chevalier-Commandeur of the illustrious order of St. Gregory the Great,” by Apostolical Letters-patent of the same date. These Letters-patent were presented by order of his Eminence Cardinal Taschereau to Mr. Baillairgé, by Monseigneur Légaré, the Grand Vicaire, and by Monseigneur Marois, secretary of his eminence, acting as his special delegates on this occasion. His Eminence Cardinal Simeoni, chief of the Propaganda, is said to have contributed to this nomination. The uniform and insignia of a Chevalier-Commandeur is as follows:—Uniform—A dark blue, long-tailed dress-coat, with silver embroidery of laurel leaves, and silver buttons on the front; collar, facings, and the lower portion on the back, also embroidered with silver; long white chamois pantaloons, with a silver band on the sides; small black boots; black cocked hat with short black spiral plumes and silver clasp. Insignia:—Maltese cross of gold with a circular medallion at the centre, containing the miniature of Gregory the Great; gold-hilted sword at the side, etc. In 1887 a statue of the Saviour was presented by Mr. Baillairgé to the Grey Nuns of Quebec. It was blessed by his Eminence Cardinal Taschereau, and placed on the summit of the tower above the main entrance of the Grey Nuns’ Church, on the 18th of September of the same year. The statue is about fifteen feet in height, is plated on the outside with gilded sheet lead, and weighs about 4,000 lbs. It was sculptured by Mr. Jobin, an artist of the old capital.

Dionne, Narcisse Eutrope, S.B., M.D., Quebec, Co-Editor of Le Courrier du Canada, was born at St. Denis, county of Kamouraska, province of Quebec, on the 18th of May, 1848, from the marriage of Narcisse Dionne and Elizabeth Bouchard. Dr. Dionne received his education at the College of Ste. Anne de Lapocatière, and after completing his classical course, studied theology two years at the Grand Seminary of Quebec, returned to Ste. Anne for another year, and completed his theological studies at Levis College. He then chose the medical profession, and for that purpose entered Laval University, where he graduated M.D., in 1873, and removed to Stanfold, county of Arthabaska, and practised his profession in that place until 1875. Then he removed to Quebec, where he found a wider field, not only in regard to his profession, but to follow his inclinations to literary pursuits. He has lived in that city ever since. In 1876, the Cercle Catholique, of which he was one of the founders, was established in the city of Quebec, and he was elected on the board of directors and librarian, a position he held until the year 1883; he was then elected vice-president, and still holds that position. He was also one of the founders of the “Presse Associée de la province de Quebec,” with other journalists of the city of Quebec. This association was incorporated by an act of the legislature of Quebec, in 1883. Dr. Dionne has been acting secretary of the society since its foundation, and took a most prominent part in the reception accorded the Canadian Press Association, on the occasion of the latter body’s excursion to the Saguenay in 1883. In token of their gratitude, the Ontario pressmen gave him a splendid gift in recognition of the courtesies extended them. In August, 1886, he was also elected secretary to the Quebec Conservative Club, and in January, 1887, was appointed to the same position, which he filled during the Federal elections of the 22nd of February, of the same year. Dr. Dionne holds a high rank among the littérateurs of his native province, the first work which brought him to prominence being a pamphlet, published in 1880, intituled, “Le Tombeau de Champlain.” The year previous, his Excellency the Count de Premio-Real, consul-general of Spain in Canada, had offered two prizes for the best essay on a series of questions relating to Canadian history, and Mr. Dionne was the winner of both. In 1881, he published a pamphlet on agricultural societies, and then-value to the farmers, intituled, “Les Cercles Agricoles dans la Province de Québec,” and delivered many lectures throughout the province on that important subject. In 1882 appeared the report of the excursion of the Canadian Press Association to the United States, Manitoba, and the North-West, also due to Dr. Dionne’s pen; and still later, in 1883 he published the report of the French-Canadian convention, held at Windsor, county of Essex. As a political writer, the doctor is in the foremost rank of the Conservative journalists of the province, having been editor-in-chief of Le Courier du Canada, a daily paper published in Quebec, from April, 1880, until the 1st of February, 1884. He also filled the same position on the staff of Le Journal de Québec, from February to May, 1886. On the 22nd of February, 1887, he resumed the duties of co-editor to Le Courier du Canada, a position which he still holds. The first editors of the latter newspaper had been Dr. J. C. Taché, deputy minister to the department of Agriculture, and Sir Hector Langevin. In addition to his medical practice and journalistic duties, Dr. Dionne was chief license inspector under the Federal Act of parliament, from the 19th February, 1884, until December, 1885; and visiting physician to the Quebec Marine Hospital since the 17th February, 1882. In 1885, he visited New Orleans, during the World’s Exposition. He is corresponding member of the Institut-Canadien, of Ottawa; L’Union Catholique, Mauritius Island; and titulary member of the Académie des Muses Santonnes, France. He was married on the 13th of October, 1873, to Marie Laure Bouchard, second daughter of the late Pierre Victor Bouchard, of her Majesty’s customs, Quebec, and Julie Huot. He has issue ten children, five sons and five daughters.

Archibald, Peter S., Moncton, New Brunswick, Chief Engineer of the Intercolonial Railway, was born at Truro, Nova Scotia, on the 21st March, 1848. His parents were William and Elizabeth Archibald, and were both natives of Nova Scotia. Peter S. Archibald received his education at the Truro Model and Normal schools, and joined the railway service in 1867, when scarcely out of his teens. Since then he has gradually risen, through all the grades from rodman, until he now occupies the position of chief engineer. He joined the volunteers as a private, and served in that capacity for three years, and was afterwards promoted to a lieutenancy in the 73rd battalion. Mr. Archibald is a member of the American Institute of Civil Engineers. As a living example of what can be done by a young man who sets his mind on rising in his profession, he is a good example, and deserves a great deal of praise for his pluck and perseverance, and his example is well worthy of imitation by our young men who wish to get on in the world. In April, 1874, Mr. Archibald was married to Clara G. Lindsay, daughter of T. S. Lindsay, of Rockland, Maine, U.S.

Mathews, Rev. George D., D.D., Pastor of Chalmer’s (Presbyterian) Church, Quebec, one of the best known of our Presbyterian divines in the old as well as the new world, was born in the town of Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1828. As in the case of others of our distinguished men in America, the three nationalities of the motherland are to be found represented in him, for, though born in Ireland, he had for his father a true-hearted Scotchman, while his mother was a native of England. The subject of our sketch spent his earliest years in the city of Dublin, where he received his education at the hands of private tutors who prepared him for entering Trinity College as an undergraduate in arts. His career at this celebrated seat of learning was in every sense a most satisfactory one, so that he took his degree in 1848. It is needless to say that the classical and literary tastes which he acquired at college have never left him, as those who have had the pleasure of his acquaintance, or who have had the opportunity of sitting under his ministrations as a pastor, can readily bear witness. After leaving college he devoted himself for a time to the study of law, but that profession becoming more and more distasteful to the young student, as his mind matured on social questions and the solemn responsibilities of life, he subsequently forsook the pathways which Coke, Blackstone and Hale have in vain endeavoured to make smooth, for a more peaceful retreat with the school of the prophets. Entering the United Presbyterian Hall of Divinity at Edinburgh, he there had the privilege of receiving instruction from such distinguished theologians as Dr. John Brown, Dr. Eadie, and a number of other teachers, whose lives and characters have moulded the history and polity of the U. P. Church in Scotland. Under such men Rev. Dr. Mathews felt more and more the serious mission he had to perform in life. With zeal he entered upon the examination of the theology of the times, fortifying himself with the most careful study of mental science, and obtaining for himself the credit of being a devoted investigator in the realms of thought, and a keen observer of the many paths into which advanced thinkers are ever leading their fellowmen. Yet, never for a moment did the young student deviate from the faith; and never, throughout his long career as a minister has he had to endure the scorn of those whose chief delight it often is to rail at the ministers of advanced opinions. His preaching has ever been thoroughly orthodox, notwithstanding the wide scope of his knowledge and scientific attainments. Possessed of a remarkable fluency of speech, his discourses are generally given extempore, being marked at the same time with an eloquence which is all the more attractive from the simplicity of the language he employs. In December, 1853, he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Glasgow, and immediately thereafter was ordained at Stranraer, a town of about eight thousand inhabitants, in Wigtonshire, Scotland. No more delightful locality could have been selected for a man of such tastes and predispositions as the subject of our sketch. The town of Stranraer, as is well-known, stands upon an arm of the sea at the head of Loch Ryan, and for the beauty and natural sweetness of its surroundings is all but unequalled by the other towns in the south of Scotland. Here the young preacher found his first charge among a people kindly disposed and hospitable, and here his efforts to do good were well received, not only by those of his own congregation, but by the whole community. No duty was overlooked, public or pastoral; and yet amidst the pressure of work which always falls to the lot of a young and conscientious pastor, the literary spirit did not forsake the youthful clergyman during his spare moments from pulpit work and pastoral ministrations, as many of the old numbers of the “Dublin University Magazine” can bear witness. For several years he continued to contribute to this and other periodicals, and it need hardly be said that his contributions even then gave promise of the literary and administrative abilities which have brought the Rev. Dr. Mathews’ name so prominently before the denomination of which he is a minister. At length, in 1868, while on a visit to the United States, the U. P. minister at Stranraer received a call to one of the city charges in New York. In the following year he reluctantly gave up his charge in Scotland, and to the universal regret of his people and fellow townsmen, set sail for America. Nor did the feeling in his favour fail to show itself in a tangible form. A beautiful testimonial was presented by the community to the retiring pastor with many and valuable accompanying presents. Shortly after his arrival in New York, Dr. Mathews undertook the editorship of “The Christian Worker,” a monthly magazine devoted mainly to religious topics. This duty he performed in addition to his pastoral work. Under his management the periodical rose into favour until at length its circulation brought the editor into prominence all over the continent. The editor of the “Worker” also took an active part in all church affairs, expressing an influence in the church courts and on church problems which has always been respected. As an evidence of this growing influence, in 1873, when the proposal was mooted by Rev. Dr. McCosh, of Princeton, and Rev. Dr. Schaff, that the various Presbyterian Churches throughout the world should come into close relationship with one another, Dr. Mathews was chosen secretary of the first committee formed for the carrying out of definite plans to promote such brotherly alliance. Two years later, he was sent to London by the Presbyterian Church in the Northern States as one of its commissioners to confer with the representatives from other Churches as to the feasibility of a union of Presbyterianism throughout the world. This was the origin of the Presbyterian Alliance, which has since become a household word in the Presbyterian church. The first important conference was held in London, England, where it was agreed to form an “Alliance of the Reformed Churches holding the Presbyterian system,” and at the first meeting of this new association of Presbyterians, Dr. Mathews was appointed American secretary—a position which he has held for many years, and which through his energy and administrative skill has become one of the most influential in the Presbyterian church of to-day. While performing the duties of this office, Dr. Mathews has been engaged from time to time in preparing many new and reliable tables of statistics together with a series of concise and tabular sketches of the Presbyterian Churches of the world. In 1879 he became associate editor of the Catholic Presbyterian, the organ of the Alliance, and a periodical of the highest literary dignity and style. At the meeting of the Alliance in 1884, at Belfast, he was further appointed by its general council to edit the record of its proceedings, filling a volume of no less than seven hundred pages. Included within this volume, there is to be found a very valuable and exhaustive statistical report, or rather series of reports, compiled by the painstaking secretary, a work for which he has received the highest commendation from his brethren and others who have carefully examined it. As the fruit of prolonged labour and original enquiry, it carries within it information of the most interesting kind, not only to Presbyterians but to all Protestant churches. In recognition of Dr. Mathews’ great services to the Presbyterian cause, and the prominent position he had attained to in church affairs, the Western University of Pennsylvania conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. At the present writing, the secretary of the Pan-Presbyterian Council is pastor of Chalmers Church, Quebec. Some years ago he was chosen one of the governors of Morrin College, being at the same time professor of systematic theology in that institution. Since 1883 he has also taken charge of the classes in moral philosophy. In ordinary educational affairs he has always taken a deep interest, having been for years a member of the Council of Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec. As with many other men of business habits, Rev. Dr. Mathews has a favourite recreation. His is in numismatic research, and possessing a very valuable collection of coins: he published, in 1876, a volume on the “Coinages of the World,” which has had a large circulation. He was married, in 1856, to Maria F. Irvine, of Dublin, by whom he has had a family of two sons and a daughter, all of whom survive their mother, who died in 1880.

Bentley, Hon. George Whitefield Wheelock, Kensington, Commissioner of Public Works for Prince Edward Island, was born at Margate, Prince county, P.E.I., on the 21st December, 1842. He is the youngest son of Thomas Bentley and Hannah Smith. His father, Mr. Bentley, sen., emigrated from Yorkshire, England, to Prince Edward Island, in 1817; and his mother, Hannah Smith, came to the same island in 1800 with her parents, she having been born on the passage out from England. The father of this lady was the youngest son of a family of twenty-two children. The Bentley family first settled in Cavendish, one of the oldest settlements on the island, and afterwards removed to Prince county, and took up their abode at a place they named Margate, after the celebrated watering-place in England. George, the subject of our sketch, received an ordinary English education in his native place. After leaving school he devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, and in 1874 removed to Kensington, his present residence, where he has since carried on business as a merchant and as a farmer. In 1879 he was elected to the House of Assembly of P.E.I., by the electors of the 4th electoral district of Prince county; again at the general election in 1882, and again in 1886, he was each time returned at the head of the poll. In January, 1887, he was appointed a member of the Executive Council, and in the following month was chosen commissioner of Public Works. This appointment necessitated another appeal to the electors, and he was again returned in spite of determined opposition. Mr. Bentley has been a life-long advocate of temperance, and has for the last twenty-five years been connected with the order of the Sons of Temperance. He has held the office of grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of Prince Edward Island, and is now a member of the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of North America. He has travelled through all the provinces of British North America, and many of the states of the neighbouring republic. Politically Mr. Bentley belongs to the ranks of the Conservative party; and in religious matters he is an adherent of the Methodist church. On the 9th February, 1870, he was married to Emma Jane, daughter of William Dennis, of Margate, P.E.I.

Jack, William Brydone, M.A., D.C.L. The deceased Dr. William Brydone Jack was born in the parish of Tinwald, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, on the 23rd November, 1819. He received his elementary education at the schools of the parish, and was afterwards sent to the academy of Hutton Hall, Caerlaverock, where he was prepared for entering college. In 1835 he went to St. Andrews, and became a student in the United College of St. Salvador and St. Leonard’s. During his course he was distinguished for proficiency in mathematics and physics, carrying off the highest prizes in these departments of study. Shortly after graduating with the degree of M.A. in 1840, he was offered the professorship of physics in the Manchester New College, in succession to the celebrated Dr. Dalton, and about the same time the position of professorship of mathematics, natural philosophy and astronomy in King’s College, Fredericton (now the University of New Brunswick), was tendered to his acceptance. Sir David Brewster, who was then principal of the college at St. Andrews, and with whom Dr. Jack had been a favourite pupil, thought that the duties and responsibilities of the situation at Manchester would, at the first outset in life, be rather hazardous and trying for one so young and inexperienced. Accordingly, in deference to Sir David’s advice and that of other friends, Dr. Jack accepted the professorship in New Brunswick, and assumed its duties in September, 1840. As King’s College was at first under the management of the Church of England, it failed to command the confidence and sympathy of the general public, and consequently it was never so prosperous as it should have been. Many and violent attacks were therefore made upon it both in and out of the legislature, till after much worry and struggle it was, in 1860, re-modelled and named the University of New Brunswick, over which all denominations were admitted to an equal control. In 1861 Dr. Jack was appointed president of the university, and for many years he laboured and laboured successfully in bringing the college into repute, and securing the general acceptance and confidence of the public. He spent his vacations largely in travelling about the province, and by public addresses making the college known and the benefits of the higher education appreciated. On the inauguration of the Free School system he was made, ex-officio, a member of the Board of Education. In 1885, after a service of forty-five years as professor and president, failing health induced him to resign his appointments, and seek the ease and quiet of private life. In 1886 the government was pleased to appoint him a member of the Senate of the University, in whose progress and prosperity he continued to take the warmest interest. Dr. Jack was always a devoted student of astronomy, and after the establishment of lines of telegraph communication, he was among the first to make use of them, determining distances of longitude. By connection with Harvard Observatory, Mass., the true longitude of Fredericton was ascertained. Taking Fredericton as the starting point, he obtained, at the instance and expense of the local government, the longitude of St. John, and afterwards of some places on the boundary survey of the province. The determinations were of service to Sir William Logan in the construction of his geological map of Canada. Dr. Jack died at Fredericton, New Brunswick, on the 23rd day of November, 1886, on his sixty-sixth birthday.

Cowperthwaite, Rev. Humphrey Pickard, A.M., Pastor of the Queen Square Methodist Church, St. John, New Brunswick, was born in Sheffield, New Brunswick, on the 30th of November, 1838. His father was Hugh Cowperthwaite, and his mother, Elizabeth Ann Hunter; she was of Scotch descent. His grandfather, on his father’s side, was a United Empire loyalist, and came from New Jersey in 1783. His great-grandfather was an officer in the British army, during the American revolutionary war of independence. Humphrey received his education in the parish school, and afterwards at Sackville College, where he graduated in arts in 1867. He adopted the clerical profession, and is now an active minister of the Methodist church, in connection with the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island conference. For several years he was chairman of the Prince Edward Island district, and secretary of the conference for two terms. On two occasions he visited the province of Ontario, on matters connected with his church, and attended as a delegate the conferences which met at Hamilton and Belleville a few years ago. On the 19th of July, 1867, he was married to Annie S. Buchanan, of Glasgow, Scotland, youngest daughter of W. M. Buchanan, editor of the “Practical Mechanics’ and Engineers’ Magazine,” and for some time lecturer on geology in the Glasgow University.

Lachapelle, Emmanuel Persillier, M.D., Montreal, was born on the 21st December, 1845, at Sault-au-Récollet, province of Quebec. His parents were Pierre Persillier-Lachapelle, and Marie Zoé Toupin. Dr. Lachapelle received a classical education at the Montreal College, and took a course in medicine and surgery at the Montreal Medical and Surgical School, and after passing very brilliantly his examination, was admitted to the practice of medicine in 1869. In 1872 he was appointed surgeon to the 65th battalion, and held that position until 1886. In 1876 he was elected, and is still, a governor and treasurer of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec; and in 1885, during the small-pox epidemic, he took a leading part in the working of the Central Board of Health, and was appointed president of the first Provincial Board of Health recently organised. Dr. Lachapelle was the promoter and one of the founders of Notre Dame Hospital, one of the most useful charitable institutions of Montreal to-day. In 1884, wishing to free the hospital from debt, he, together with friends and the board of management, organized a grand kermesse which netted about $15,000 in one week. When the establishment of the branch of Laval University in Montreal was decided upon, he became one of its most ardent supporters and contributed in a great measure to its formation. He was elected general president of the Saint Jean Baptiste Society in 1876. As a journalist, Dr. Lachapelle is favourably known, having been the proprietor and editor of L’Union Médicale from 1876 to 1882. He is doctor in medicine of Laval and Victoria Universities, secretary of the Medical Faculty of Laval University, professor of general Pathology and Medical Jurisprudence, and an associate member of the “Société Française d’Hygiène,” Paris. He commenced practising in Montreal in 1869, and took a foremost rank in the galaxy of young men who about that time were entering on their professional life, and have since risen to high positions in Canadian society. Dr. Lachapelle enjoys the confidence of the general public, and through his genial disposition, has made a host of friends. He has been closely identified with all the scientific, national and political movements of the day, and his influence and advice have great weight and are highly appreciated.

Allen, Hon. John C., Fredericton, Chief Justice of New Brunswick, was born in the parish of Kingsclear, county of York, N.B., on the first of October, 1817. His grandfather, Isaac Allen, was a United Empire loyalist, and resided in Trenton, New Jersey, where he practised law. During the revolutionary war, which broke out in 1776, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the second battalion of New Jersey Volunteers, one of the provincial regiments raised during the war. At the peace in 1783, he settled in Nova Scotia, and when the province of New Brunswick was established, he was appointed one of the judges of the Supreme Court, a position he held until his death, in October, 1806. His wife was Sarah Campbell, of Philadelphia. His son, the father of the present chief justice, was John Allen, formerly a captain in the New Brunswick Fencibles, a corps raised in New Brunswick during the war of 1812, and commanded by General John Coffin. This regiment was disbanded in 1817, and Captain Allen was subsequently appointed lieutenant-colonel and inspecting field officer of the militia of New Brunswick, and when that office was abolished, was appointed quarter-master-general of the militia. He represented the county of York in the House of Assembly from 1809 to 1847. He died in April, 1875, aged ninety-one years, and his wife died in 1822. Chief Justice Allen was educated at the Fredericton Grammar School; studied law with the Hon. John Simcoe Saunders, son of the then chief justice in Fredericton; was admitted as an attorney in October, 1838; and to the bar in Michaelmas term, 1840. In 1845 he was appointed one of the commissioners for settling the claims to lands, under the fourth article of the treaty of Washington, 1842. While the boundary between the province of New Brunswick and the United States was in dispute, the portion of the country known as “the disputed territory,” extending from near the Grand Falls of the river St. John to the head of the river, and including the whole Madawaska settlement on both sides of the river, was being occupied by settlers, principally Acadian French, who held by possession only, the government refusing to make any grants of the land. By the treaty, the channel of the river, from a point about three miles above the Grand Falls to the mouth of the river St. Francis, a tributary of the St. John, about seventy miles above the falls, was fixed as the boundary between the two countries, and the fourth article of the treaty provided that all equitable possessory claims, arising from a possession and improvement of any land for more than six years before the date of the treaty, should be deemed valid, and be confirmed to the persons so in possession. The commission was appointed to investigate and settle the claims of the persons in possession of that portion of the lands in dispute, which fell within the dominion of Great Britain. During the years 1845 and 1847, they heard and determined the claims of all the settlers between the Grand Falls and the St. Francis, and grants of the lands were afterwards issued by the government to the respective parties, in accordance with the report of the commissioners. The other commissioner was the late James A. Maclauchlan, who was formerly an officer in the 104th regiment, and served in Canada between 1813-15, and who had for many years acted as warden of the disputed territory, by appointment of the British government, for the purpose of preventing the cutting of timber upon it. The most valuable part of the “disputed territory,” the fertile valley of the Aroostook, was awarded to the United States by the treaty. Hon. Mr. Allen was appointed clerk of the Executive Council of New Brunswick in November, 1851, and held that office till January, 1856, when he resigned it, and in February following was elected a member of the House of Assembly for York county. In May following, was appointed solicitor-general, which position he held until May, 1857, when the government resigned, having been defeated at the general election of that year. In 1852 was elected mayor of Fredericton and continued to hold the office till 1855, when he resigned. In 1860 he was offered the position of Queen’s counsel, but declined. He was speaker of the New Brunswick Assembly from 1862 until that house was dissolved, in 1865, for the purpose of ascertaining the opinion of the people upon the question of confederation, as agreed upon by the delegates assembled at Quebec, in September previous. Having been again elected as a representative opposed to confederation, in April, 1865, he was appointed attorney-general, which office he held until the 21st September following. In June of that year he was sent by the Provincial government, with the Hon. Albert J. Smith (afterwards Sir Albert), as a delegate to the British government, for the purpose of urging the objections of New Brunswick to the confederation of the provinces. Soon after his return from England, on the 21st of September, 1865, he was appointed a puisné judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, a vacancy having been caused by the resignation of Sir James Carter, and on the 8th of October, 1875, he was made chief justice of New Brunswick, as successor to the Hon. William Johnston Ritchie, who at that time was appointed a puisné judge of the Supreme Court of Canada. On the 8th of October, 1866, he was appointed vice-president of the Court of Governor and Council, for determining suits relating to marriage and divorce. By an act of the Legislative Assembly, passed in 1791, a court was constituted, consisting of the lieutenant-governor of the province and his Majesty’s council, for the determination of suits and questions concerning marriage and divorce and alimony, the governor to be president of the court. The governor was also authorized to appoint the chief justice, or one of the judges of the Supreme Court, or the Master of the Rolls, to be vice-president of the court, and to act in his place. In 1860, a new court for the trial of matrimonial causes was created by the Act 23 Vic., c. 37, and all suits pending in the court before the Governor and Council, except those in which evidence had been examined, which were to be proceeded with as before, were transferred to the new court. Justice Neville Parker was appointed the judge under this act, and we therefore presume Mr. Allen’s appointment as vice-president of the Court of Governor and Council was for the purpose of hearing some case commenced under the old law, in which evidence had been examined; but, so far as we can learn, he has never acted under his commission. In June, 1878, he was appointed, in the place of the late Governor Wilmot, one of the arbitrators for settling the North-West boundary of the province of Ontario. The other arbitrators were Sir Edward Thornton, the British Minister at Washington, and Chief Justice Harrison, of Ontario. The time appointed for the meeting of the arbitrators having been fixed for the early part of July, and difficulties existing in the way of a postponement, Chief Justice Allen was obliged to resign the appointment, as his judicial duties prevented him from attending to it, the trial of the Osborne family for the alleged murder of Timothy McCarthy, coming on at the Circuit Court then about to open, at which he was to preside. Among the most notable criminal cases which Chief Justice Allen has tried may be mentioned that of John A. Munroe, in 1869, for the murder of Sarah Margaret Vail and her child, at St. John; and in 1875, of a number of persons at Bathurst, in the county of Gloucester, who participated in the Carraquet riots, which originated in resisting the enforcement of the Common Schools Act; also that of Chasson and ten others, for the murder of one Gifford, who had aided the sheriff’s officers in arresting the Carraquet rioters mentioned above. He also tried the Osborne family twice for the alleged murder of Timothy McCarthy, at Shediac, in the county of Westmoreland. The first trial, in July and August, 1878, occupied six weeks. The jury having disagreed, the prisoners were again tried in November and December of the same year, the trial occupying nearly six weeks, and, as before, the jury failed to agree. In 1847 Hon. Mr. Allen published a book of the Rules of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, and the Acts of Assembly relating to the practice of the courts. He has also rendered much valuable service to the legal profession, in the compilation and publication of six volumes of law reports, embodying the decisions of the court extending over a number of years. In his younger days the Chief Justice took an active interest in the militia of the province. About the year 1835 he joined a volunteer company of artillery, in Fredericton. In 1838 the several companies of artillery in the province, viz., at Fredericton, St. John, St. Andrews, and St. Stephens, were formed into a regiment called “The New Brunswick Regiment of Artillery,” under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Hayne, formerly of the Royal artillery, and in 1838 Mr. Allen was appointed second lieutenant in the regiment; afterwards first lieutenant and adjutant, and captain, in July, 1841. The militia law having been materially altered in 1865, he has not since that had any active connection with the force. In 1844 he was appointed Provincial aide-de-camp to Sir William Colbrooke, the lieutenant-governor of the province, and continued so till he resigned the government, in 1848. In 1882 the honorary degree of LL.D. was conferred on Chief Justice Allen by the University of New Brunswick. Chief Justice Allen is a member of the Church of England, and for nearly forty years has been a member of the church corporation in Fredericton. He has also held the position of churchwarden in the parish church for over twenty-five years, and on several occasions has been elected delegate to the provincial synod at Montreal. In 1845 he married Margaret A. Drury, daughter of the late Captain Charles Drury, 29th Regiment of foot, who died at St. John in 1835. He has five children living—William, Thomas Carleton (the prothonotary of the Supreme Court), Edmund H., George W., and Henry.

Chapman, Robert Andrew, Dorchester, New Brunswick, was born in Dorchester, county of Westmoreland, New Brunswick, on the 2nd of February, 1835, where he has resided ever since. His father was Robert B. Chapman, and his mother, Margaret Weldon. Both Mr. Chapman’s great-grandfather and grandfather emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1775, and both represented the county of Westmoreland in the New Brunswick legislature. The wife of the latter was Sarah Black, sister to William Black, commonly known as “Bishop Black,” the father of Methodism in the Maritime provinces. Margaret Weldon’s grandfather on the paternal side, came to America from North Allerton, Yorkshire, in 1770, and her ancestors on the maternal side—the Killams—were United Empire loyalists. Robert A. Chapman received his primary education in the public schools, and afterwards studied under an Irish teacher, who was noted as a mathematician. When he grew up to manhood, he adopted mechanical pursuits, went largely into ship building, and from 1860 to 1878 built upwards of thirty vessels, principally barques and ships, varying from 600 to 1,500 tons burthen. Mr. Chapman holds a captain’s commission in the reserve militia. He has been a justice of the peace for a long time; and was high sheriff of the county of Westmoreland from 1879 to 1886. On the organization of the municipal council for Westmoreland county, he was, along with Hon. P. A. Landry, elected a member by acclamation for Dorchester parish, and continued to sit in this body until he was made high sheriff; and again, in 1886, he was elected to this council. He was an unsuccessful candidate in his county for a seat in the New Brunswick legislature in 1872; and again in 1878, against Sir A. J. Smith, for a seat in the House of Commons, at Ottawa. On both occasions, however, he polled a large vote. In politics, Mr. Chapman is a Conservative; and in religion, is an adherent of the Methodist church. He was married on the 18th of October, 1859, to Mary E. Frost, daughter of Stephen Frost, late of Chatham, New Brunswick.

Steele, Rev. D. A., A.M., Baptist Minister, Amherst, Nova Scotia, was born in the village of Barewood, Herefordshire, England, on the 17th September, 1838, and came to America in 1845. His ancestry on the paternal side came from Annandale, Scotland. He was educated at Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, from which institution he graduated with the degree of A.M. He was ordained to the ministry there, on the 20th June, 1865. He took charge of the Baptist Church in Canso for two years; and then, in 1867, removed to Amherst and took the pastorate of the church which had for many years been presided over by the late Rev. Charles Tupper, D.D., father of Sir Charles Tupper, finance minister of Canada. The Rev. Mr. Steele was one of the promoters of the independent foreign missions of the Baptist church in the Maritime provinces, and is a member of the Foreign Mission Board. He is a member of the Senate of Acadia College, and also chairman of the Board of School Commissioners for Cumberland county. Rev. Mr. Steele has been an active worker ever since he assumed the pastoral office, and has left his mark for good on his adopted county. In 1865 he was married to Sarah Hart, the only surviving daughter of Spinney Whitman, whose ancestors came from New England to Annapolis on the expulsion of the Acadians.

Flint, Thomas Barnard, M.A., LL.B., Yarmouth, Barrister, and Assistant Clerk to the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, was born on the 28th April, 1847, at Yarmouth, N.S. His parents were John Flint and Ann S. Barnard, who were married in 1834, and were respectively descended from Thomas Flint, of Marblehead, Massachusetts, and of Benjamin Barnard, of Salem, in the same state. Thomas Flint, the ancestor of all the family of that name in the western portion of Nova Scotia, came to Yarmouth, in 1771, and his descendants are very numerous in that part of the country. Benjamin Barnard, of Salem, came to the same part of Nova Scotia, in 1770, and although his descendants in Yarmouth are numerous, yet the family name has completely died out. It is however perpetuated in the names of Barnard street and Barnard lane in the town of Yarmouth. Both these families were, of course, thoroughly identified with the history of Yarmouth town and county, which were mainly settled from New England, and which still retain many of the New England characteristics. Thomas B. Flint, the subject of our sketch, received his early education at Yarmouth, and subsequently went to Wesley College, Sackville, New Brunswick, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1867; and of M.A. in 1875; and in the same year he carried off the “Moore” prize for the best essay on “John Milton.” He also took a course at the Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1872, and received the degree of LL.B. from that university. He adopted law as a profession, and studied in the office of Senator (now ex-judge) Ritchie, and on being admitted to the bar he began the practice of his profession in 1872. For years Mr. Flint has taken an active interest in educational matters, and in the temperance reform movement. For a long period he held office as a school trustee, and was secretary of the High School committee several years. He is a member and secretary of the Board of Governors of the Yarmouth Seminary. He was appointed high sheriff of the county of Yarmouth in the autumn of 1883, but resigned the same at the end of the year 1886. At the opening of the session of 1887 he was elected assistant clerk of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, in the place of the late assistant clerk, who was promoted to the chief clerkship. Mr. Flint, a Liberal and anti-Confederate in politics, was defeated as a candidate for the local legislature in 1873, when he contested the county against a former representative, who was declared returned by a majority of two votes. Although the return was contested by Mr. Flint, his opponent was confirmed in his seat. He was also a candidate for the House of Commons in 1878, in opposition to Frank Killam. Mr. Killam was elected by a substantial majority. As both gentlemen were supporters of the Liberal party, merely personal and local issues were involved in the contest. He was again a candidate for the local legislature in 1882 on the Liberal ticket, but was unsuccessful, having been defeated by a small majority. Mr. Flint was for many years engaged in shipbuilding; the management of shipping and various public enterprises; a stockholder in the Western Counties Railway Company, and other corporations. He is prominent in the Masonic fraternity, and is a past master of Scotia lodge, No. 31, R.N.S.; past district deputy grand master of District No. 3, and secretary of Scotia lodge. Since 1872 he has taken an active part, in the Liberal interest, in political discussions through the press and on the platform, particularly on occasions of general elections, and assisted in obtaining the Liberal repeal victory in Yarmouth county in February, 1887, when, however, the province generally returned a majority of representatives in opposition to the further continuance of the repeal agitation. He married, on October 14th, 1874, Mary Ella, daughter of Thomas B. Dane, of Yarmouth, who was also a descendant of a New England family that settled in Yarmouth county in 1789.

Wickwire, William Nathan, M.D., Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Cornwallis, Kings county, N.S., on the 18th November, 1839. His parents were Peter and Eliza Wickwire. Dr. Wickwire received his education, chiefly at Horton Academy and Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., and graduated at the latter in 1860, taking the degree of B.A. In 1863 Acadia College also conferred upon him the degree of M.A. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, from 1860 to 1864, and there received the degree of M.D. In the autumn of 1864 he formed a medical co-partnership with Dr. Tupper (now Sir Charles), at Halifax, which partnership existed till Dr. Tupper took up his residence at Ottawa, in 1870. For several years he was surgeon to a volunteer company; from 1867 to 1872 he held the office of assistant inspecting physician for the port of Halifax, and since that date to the present time has held the position of inspecting physician for the same port. For several years the doctor has been vice-consul for the Netherlands at Halifax. He enjoys a good practice. In politics Dr. Wickwire is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion an adherent of the Episcopal church. He was married in 1870 to Margaret Louisa, daughter of the late Hon. Alexander Keith, of Halifax.

Mathieu, Hon. Michel, Judge of the Superior Court, Montreal, was born at Sorel, Richelieu county, on the 20th December, 1838, from the union of Joseph Mathieu, farmer, and justice of the peace, residing at Sorel, and Edwidge Vandal. Mr. Mathieu the elder was a farmer of little means, but had his son educated under the care of the Rev. Messire Augustin Lemay, formerly curé of the parish of Ste. Victoire (which was founded by the dismemberment of the old parish of St. Pierre de Sorel), where Mr. Mathieu had resided. His ancestors were of an ancient French family. The subject of our sketch completed his course of classical studies at the college of St. Hyacinthe. Leaving that institution in 1860, he matriculated, and was admitted to the study of the profession of a notary in the office of Jean George Crébassa, notary public, of the town of Sorel, and was admitted to practice on the 20th of January, 1864. In 1861 he had been also admitted to the study of law. He practised as a notary for a year, when he was admitted to the bar of the province of Quebec, and abandoned his former profession to engage exclusively in law practice. On the 11th of June, 1866, he was appointed sheriff of the district of Richelieu, in the place of Pierre Rémi Chevalier, who had resigned in his favour, and held that position until the 14th of August, 1872. The entrance of Mr. Mathieu into political life dates from that period, when he entered the lists and was elected to the House of Commons over his opponent, George Isidore Barthe, who, in turn, defeated him in 1874. In the following year he was elected by acclamation member of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec for Richelieu county; and again, on the 1st of May, 1878, by a majority of 186 over Pierre Bergeron, a physician of St. Aimé. Mr. Mathieu always wielded a powerful influence in his county, and was mainly instrumental in securing the election of L. H. Massue to the House of Commons at Ottawa in the election of the 1st of September, 1878. In politics he is a Conservative, and has always been a faithful adherent and a strong supporter of the late Sir George Etienne Cartier and Sir John A. Macdonald. On the 11th of October, 1880, he was made a Queen’s counsel, and on 3rd October, 1881, he accepted the position of justice of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, and removed to Montreal, where he resides at the present time. Until his elevation to the judicial bench, he was one of the directors of the Montreal, Portland and Boston and of the South-Eastern Railway Companies. He also published La Revue Légale for many years. Of undaunted energy, and possessed of sterling capacities, Hon. Mr. Mathieu always took a deep interest in the advancement of his native town, and occupied its civic chair during seven years, from 1875 to 1881. He was also one of the founders of the College of Sorel. As a private citizen he is esteemed for his affability and kindness of manners to all who require his advice, or have business to transact with him, and his courteousness has made him hosts of friends everywhere. Justice Mathieu was twice married—the first time, on the 22nd of June, 1863, to Marie Rose Délima Thirza, a daughter of the late Captain St. Louis, of Sorel; she died on the 23rd of March, 1870. By his first marriage he has three children, one son and two daughters, living. On the 30th October, 1881, he married Marie Amélie Antoinette, a daughter of the Hon. David Armstrong, member of the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec, and of Léocadie de Ligny. The fruit of his second union was one son, living. Madame Mathieu’s name is always to be found among the charity workers of the city of Montreal, and she is blessed by the poor.

Johnston, Hon. James William, Judge in Equity, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The late Judge Johnston was by descent a Scotchman, and by birth a West Indian. His grandfather, Dr. Lewis Johnston, was born in Scotland, and claimed to be entitled to the now long dormant title of Marquis of Annandale, but never pressed his claim in the courts. He married Laleah Peyton, a lady of Huguenot descent, and settled in Savannah, Georgia, then a British colony, where he owned an estate called Annandale. Previous to the rebellion, Dr. Johnston filled the office of president of the council and treasurer of the colony of Georgia. On the breaking out of the revolutionary war his sons all entered the British army and fought on the side of the king. His eldest son, William Martin Johnston, the father of Judge Johnston, held the rank of captain of the New York volunteers in the year 1775. He was engaged in the defence of Savannah, was at the capture of Fort Montgomery on the Hudson, and took part in various other engagements during the war. At its close Dr. Johnston returned to Scotland, and Captain Johnston, who had lost all his property in consequence of espousing the cause of Britain, studied medicine, and graduated in the University of Edinburgh. He married Elizabeth Lichtenstein, the only daughter of Captain John Lichtenstein, of the noble and ancient Austrian family of that name. Captain Johnston subsequently removed to Kingston in the island of Jamaica, where his son James was born on the 29th of August, 1792. He was early sent to Scotland for his education, and was placed under the care of the late Rev. Dr. Duncan, of Ruthwell. The family afterwards settled permanently in Nova Scotia. James William Johnston studied law in Annapolis in the office of Thomas Ritchie, afterwards one of the judges of the Common Pleas, and was admitted to the bar in 1815. He commenced the practice of his profession in Kentville, the shire town of Kings county, but shortly after removed to Halifax and entered into partnership with Simon Bradstreet Robie, at that time the leading practitioner in the province. Mr. Johnston rose rapidly in his profession, and soon attained the highest rank, which he continued to hold unchallenged until his elevation to the bench of the Supreme Court. In cross-examination he displayed peculiar tact and skill, extracting from the most reluctant and perverse witness the minutest facts within his knowledge. Among the intellectual features that marked his professional career may be noted a strong and comprehensive grasp, a memory that seemed ever obedient to his will, together with a rapidity of perception, that gave wonderful readiness at repartee, seizing like lightning on the mistakes or unwise or weak arguments of an opponent, and turning them to the disadvantage of the opposite side, and to the manifest advantage of his own. This mental superiority, aided as it was by untiring perseverance and industry, was alone sufficient to win the highest honours of the bar. Few, if any, of Mr. Johnston’s forensic efforts have been preserved; but in cases where the battle was to be fought against wrong and oppression, he was especially powerful; rising to the occasion his bursts of impassioned eloquence swept with the force of a tornado carrying all before it. In the year 1835 Mr. Johnston was appointed solicitor-general of the province, which office was then non-political; but in the year 1838, at the earnest solicitation of Sir Colin Campbell, then lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia, he entered the Legislative Council and commenced his political life, and at once became the acknowledged leader of the Conservative party. On the elevation of the Hon. S. G. W. Archibald to the Court of Chancery as master of the rolls in 1843, Mr. Johnston was appointed attorney-general, and at the general election held in that year, resigned his seat in the Legislative Council, and stood for the important county of Annapolis, for which he was returned by a large majority, and which constituency he continued uninterruptedly to represent in the House of Assembly until 1863, when he took his seat on the bench. One of the first acts he placed on the statute book was the Simultaneous Polling Act, which provided for the holding of elections throughout the province on one and the same day, instead of being as theretofore held at different times, and the polls moved round in different places in each constituency, entailing large additional expense and much loss of time. He also successfully advocated the introduction of denominational colleges, and their partial endowment by the state. Hon. Mr. Johnston was one of the delegates selected to meet Lord Durham, the high commissioner for settling the difficulties in Canada, and to confer with him on the contemplated changes in colonial government. Hon. Mr. Johnston might justly have claimed the honour of being the first statesman who in the halls of legislature advocated the union or confederation of the North American colonies. In the year 1854, on the floor of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, in a speech which for breadth of conception, deep research, fervent patriotism, and glowing eloquence, has rarely been equalled, and which by many has been considered his greatest effort, Hon. Mr. Johnston moved: —

And though before the union was consummated he had retired from public life, and was therefore in no way responsible for the details of the scheme, yet his advocacy of the measure on its broad basis tended in no slight degree to create and educate public opinion, and smoothed the way for those who eventually succeeded in effecting the important change in the constitution he was the first to advocate. In the year 1857 Hon. Mr. Johnston, then attorney-general and leader of the government, pursuant to a resolution passed in the House of Assembly, proceeded to England to adjust the differences that for years existed between the province and the General Mining Association, who, as assignees of the Duke of York, to whom they had been granted, claimed the exclusive right to the mines and minerals of Nova Scotia, and who, by virtue thereof, possessed a practical monopoly of the coal trade. After a protracted negotiation, a compromise was effected and an agreement entered into by which the General Mining Association ceded to the government all their right and title to, and over, all the unworked mines and minerals. Thus was a grievance of long standing amicably settled, and their right to the great wealth hidden in the bowels of the earth secured to the people of Nova Scotia. In the year 1863, after a labourious and active professional life, and a somewhat turbulent political career, Hon. Mr. Johnston accepted a seat on the bench as judge in Equity and judge of the Supreme Court. The duties of his office were discharged with assiduity and the strictest integrity, and his decisions were received by the bar as clear, logical, and exhaustive expositions of the law. In the summer of 1872, Hon. Mr. Johnston obtained leave of absence, and proceeded to the south of France in the hopes that a milder and more genial climate might remove a bronchial affection from which he was suffering, but the beneficial results anticipated did not follow. He was offered in the following year the lieutenant-governorship of his adopted country, vacant by the demise of the late Hon. Joseph Howe, but this position the state of his health compelled him to decline. Early in life Mr. Johnston connected himself with the Baptist Church, and to the end continued a member of that communion. For years he devoted his time, energies and talents to the advancement of that body, socially, politically and educationally. The Baptist Academy at Wolfville, as well as Acadia College, owe their existence in a large measure to his personal labours, influence, and untiring exertions both in parliament and out. Of the latter institution he was one of the first governors, and continued to hold the office uninterruptedly, by repeated re-elections, to the time of his death. He was several times elected president of the Baptist Convention of the Maritime provinces, who, on his leaving the country, marked their great appreciation of his character and their sense of their lasting obligations to him by the unanimous adoption of the following resolution: —

Hon. Mr. Johnston was twice married. His first wife was Amelia Elizabeth, daughter of the late William James Almon, surgeon, who was assistant surgeon to the Royal Artillery in New York, in June, 1776, and Rebecca Byles, granddaughter of the Rev. Dr. Byles, of Boston, Massachusetts. By her he had three sons, the eldest of whom is now the judge of the County Court for the metropolitan city and county of Halifax, and three daughters. Of these, two sons and one daughter are alive. His second wife was Louise, widow of the late Captain Wentworth, of the Royal Artillery, by whom he had one daughter and three sons; the daughter and two sons are living. Mr. Johnston’s physicians advised that his state of health would not permit of his return to Nova Scotia, and he determined to pass the winter of 1873 at Cheltenham, England, where, on the 21st day of November, in that year, at the ripe age of eighty-one years, and in the full possession of his mental faculties, he died, full of honours, leaving behind him a name untarnished, a character above reproach, and a reputation as a statesman, jurist and judge worthy of emulation by those who shall hereafter fill the places vacated by him.

Macdonald, Charles John, Post Office Inspector for the Province of Nova Scotia, Halifax. Lieut.-Colonel Macdonald, the subject of this sketch, is of Scotch descent, his father, the late Robert Macdonald, having been a native of Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and for many years a resident of Halifax. Charles was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the 4th April, 1841, and received his education at Dalhousie College. He studied law in the office of the Hon. J. S. D. Thompson (now minister of justice at Ottawa), and was called to the bar in 1872. In 1878 he presented himself for parliamentary honours, and was returned a member of the Nova Scotia legislature as representative of the city and county of Halifax, and occupied the position of member of the Executive Council in 1878 and 1879 without portfolio. Lieut.-Colonel Macdonald, commander of the 66th battalion Princess Louise Fusiliers, served as major in the Halifax Provincial battalion during the North-West rebellion, having had under his command a detachment of one hundred and eighty men from the 63rd Rifles and Halifax Garrison Artillery. He occupied the position of paymaster for the volunteers from 1872 to 1878; and has been an alderman of the city of Halifax; president of the North British Society; deputy grandmaster of the Grand Lodge of Freemasons; grand high priest of the Grand Chapter, and representative of the Grand Lodge of Ohio. In 1879 he was appointed to the office of inspector of post offices for the province of Nova Scotia, and this position he still occupies. In politics he leans towards Liberal-Conservatism, and in religion he is a Presbyterian. The colonel has been twice married—first to Mary Tamson, daughter of William Evans, and second to Annie, daughter of James McLearn.

Berryman, Daniel Edgar, M.D. C.M., and A.R.S. (Edin.), is a native of New Brunswick, having been born in the city of St. John, on the 16th of August, 1848. His father, John Berryman, sen., was born in 1798, in the parish of Castle Dowson, Antrim county, Ireland, where his ancestors, who came from Devonshire, England, with the army of Oliver Cromwell, settled in the seventeenth century. He emigrated to this country about the year 1816, and settled in St. John, and died on the 2nd January, 1880. His wife, the mother of the subject of this sketch, whom he married in February, 1826, was Maria Wade, grand-daughter of Colonel Ansley. Her father was a merchant in St. John, and her mother came as a child with her parents, who were U. E. loyalists when St. John was first settled. The dates and particulars of the family history were destroyed in the great fire of 1877. To this worthy couple were born a family of thirteen children, eight sons and five daughters, and of those nine still survive, and are filling important positions in various parts of the world. Daniel E., who was the youngest son, was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, under Drs. Bryce and Smidtz, and also at Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, where he attended the art classes. In 1868 he again went to Edinburgh, and entered the university of that city as a medical student, and during the curriculum he took honours in several classes, besides receiving a special honorary diploma from the professor of midwifery and diseases of children (Simpson). Dr. Berryman was then appointed house surgeon to the Royal Infirmary, and also acted as private assistant for over a year to Sir Robert Christison, baronet, D.C.L., professor of materia medica, Sir Robert having at that time been physician to H.M. the Queen, for Scotland. He also acted as, and held the position of, hospital surgeon and physician, assistant to Dr. Joseph Bell, surgeon to the Eye and Ear Hospital, and was besides surgeon to the Edinburgh Maternity Hospital for nine months, and Hospital for Children, and held temporary appointments under Sir Joseph Lester and Doctors Gillespie, Saunders, and John H. Bennett; and also occupied the position of class assistant to Professor A. R. Simpson, professor of midwifery and diseases of children. On his return to his native city he began the practice of his profession, and has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. In 1880 he was appointed police surgeon for the city; in 1883 he was gazetted coroner; and in 1886 he was made a justice of the peace. Outside the practice of his profession, Dr. Berryman has devoted considerable time to other matters, and we find him occupying the position of member of the Canada Medical Society; St. John Medical Society; treasurer of the New Brunswick Medical Society; a provincial Medical Examiner; a member of the executive of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; the corresponding secretary of the St. John Agricultural Society; a member of the St. John Historical Society; a member of the order of Oddfellows, and a member of the Masonic fraternity. The doctor is a Liberal in politics, being corresponding secretary of the St. John Liberal Society, and in religious matters is an adherent of the Baptist church.

Bell, John Howatt, M.A., Barrister, M.P.P. for the Fourth District of Prince, Summerside, Prince Edward Island, was born at Cape Traverse, Prince Edward Island, on the 13th December, 1846. His father, Walter Bell, emigrated from Dumfries, Scotland, in 1820, and settled at Cape Traverse. His mother was Elizabeth Howatt, daughter of Adam Howatt. Mr. Bell received his education at the Prince of Wales College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, and at Albert University, Belleville, Ontario, at which latter institution he took the degrees of B.A. and M.A. He studied law as a profession with Thomas Ferguson, Q.C., Toronto, and was called to the bar of Ontario in 1874. He then went to Ottawa, and in partnership with R. A. Bradley, practised his profession for eight years in that city. In 1882 Mr. Bell removed to Emerson, Manitoba, and was admitted a member of the bar of Manitoba, in 1882, and practised in Emerson for two years. In 1884 he went to Prince Edward Island, and having passed the necessary examination, he became a member of the bar of that island, and has since resided at Summerside successfully engaged in his profession. At the last general election held in Prince Edward Island Mr. Bell was returned to represent the fourth electoral district of Prince in the island House of Assembly. In politics he is a Liberal, and in religion he belongs to the Presbyterian church. On the 7th July, 1882, he was married to Helen, daughter of Cornelius Howatt, of Summerside, P.E.I.

Mackay, Norman E., M.D., C.M., M.R.C.S., Eng., etc., Surgeon Victoria General Hospital, Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born in Upper Settlement, Baddeck, Victoria county, Cape Breton, in March, 1851. His father was Neil Mackay, and mother Catharine McMillan. The family were among the first settlers in the district, and farmed a considerable portion of land. Dr. Mackay received his primary education in the Baddeck and Pictou academies, and for some time taught school. He then chose the medical profession, and in the winter of 1875-6 began to study with this end in view. He applied himself diligently to his allotted tasks, and in the second year was chosen prosector for his class. At the end of his third year he was awarded the prize for passing the best primary examination. In April, 1879, the Halifax Medical College conferred upon him the degree of M.D., C.M., and the University of Halifax, that of B.M. in May of the same year. After graduating, he began the practice of his profession with success at North Sydney, Cape Breton, and after residing in this place for a year, he removed to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, where he remained for three years. In April, 1884, he was appointed surgeon to the Prince Edward Island Hospital. In 1883-4 he took a post graduate course in the London (England) hospitals and medical schools, and was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in January, 1884. He began to practice medicine in Halifax, N.S., in January, 1885, and was appointed surgeon to the Victoria General Hospital of that city in October of the same year. In January, 1886, he received the appointment of physician to the Halifax Dispensary; and in October following was elected a member of the Provincial Medical Board. In politics Dr. Mackay is a Liberal, and in religion a Presbyterian. He was married on the 9th July, 1884, to Isabella, eldest daughter of Lemuel Miller, principal of West Kent School, Charlottetown, P.E.I.

Proudfoot, Hon. William, Justice of the Chancery Division of High Court of Justice of Ontario, Toronto, was born near Errol, a village in Perthshire, Scotland, on the 9th of November, 1823. He is the son of the late Rev. William Proudfoot, who for many years was superintendent of the Theological Institute of the United Presbyterian church, at London, Ontario. The Rev. Mr. Proudfoot was one of the earliest missionaries sent out to this country by the United Secession Church of Scotland, as it was then called, and reached Canada with his family in 1832, and after a few months spent in Toronto (then Little York), he removed to London, where he organized a church, in which he officiated until his death, in January, 1851. This old secession minister was a staunch Reformer, and naturally came under suspicion, when almost everybody who dared to differ from the dominant party during the troubles of 1837 was suspected. He, however, boldly met the aspersions of his political enemies, and secured himself from molestation. The subject of our sketch, the Hon. Vice-Chancellor Proudfoot, is the third son of this venerable minister, and he received his educational training under the paternal roof, never having entered a public institution of learning. Having resolved to adopt law as a profession, and having passed his preliminary examination before the Law Society of Upper Canada, Mr. Proudfoot entered the office of Blake & Morrison, barristers, Toronto, Mr. Blake afterwards becoming chancellor of Upper Canada, and Mr. Morrison a justice of the Court of Appeal, both now deceased, where he remained the five years prescribed as the period of study for an articled clerk, and during the Michaelmas term in 1849, he was called to the bar of Upper Canada. He then entered into partnership with the late Charles Jones, and practised his profession with this gentleman in Toronto until 1851, when he was appointed the first chancery-master and deputy-registrar at Hamilton. This appointment was rendered necessary by the thorough re-organization of the Equity Court, accomplished on the representation of chancellor W. H. Blake. After retaining this position for three years, Mr. Proudfoot, preferring to return to the active work of his profession, resigned his office, and entered into partnership with Freeman & Craigie, under the style of Freeman, Craigie & Proudfoot, barristers. This firm stood at the head of the Hamilton bar, and Mr. Proudfoot had charge of the equity practice. In 1862, he left the firm and practised with other partners until 1874, when he succeeded Vice-Chancellor Strong (who had been promoted to the Supreme Court) upon the bench. In 1872, he was appointed a Queen’s counsel by the Ontario government. Prior to his elevation to the bench, he was an active Reformer in politics; and he still remains true to the church of his fathers, as a member of a Presbyterian Church in Toronto. As a lawyer and judge, Hon. Mr. Proudfoot is deeply read, and continues still to be a devoted student of the great authorities on equity. Being very conversant with the Latin and French languages, he is well-grounded in the Roman and civil law, and his judgments are models of lucid expression and technical accuracy. He is, what is supposed still better, thoroughly judicial in the extent of his mind, and has proved himself a distinguished ornament to the Ontario bench. In 1853, Judge Proudfoot married Miss Thomson, a daughter of the late John Thomson, of Toronto, and by this lady he had a family of six children. She died in 1871. He married his second wife in 1875. She was Miss Cook, daughter of the late Adam Cook, of Hamilton, and she died in 1878, leaving one son.

Wilkinson, William, of Bushville, Chatham, New Brunswick, the present judge of the County Courts of Northumberland, Gloucester, and Restigouche, son of John and Catherine Wilkinson, both now deceased, was born at Liverpool, England, on the 11th February, 1826. He came out to New Brunswick in 1840, arriving at Chatham on the 11th September, after a long passage of forty-nine days, by the encouragement of, and to be with his half-brother, the late James Johnson, who had arrived in the country about six years before, and who had then lately entered into business as a merchant on his own account. He remained with his brother as apprentice clerk for two years, and then with the sanction and good will of all friends, he entered the law office of the late Hon. John M. Johnson, jun., as a law student, and was entered as such in Michaelmas term, 1842. In the same term of 1847, having satisfactorily passed the necessary examinations as to his fitness, he was duly sworn in and enrolled as an attorney of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, and also received his commission to act as notary public. In Michaelmas term, 1849, he was duly called to the bar. For a few years after his admission he practised alone, but on the 20th December, 1852, he entered into partnership with the late Hon. John M. Johnson, jun., which partnership continued up to the time of Mr. Johnson’s death, November, 1868. During its continuance they were engaged in many very important and interesting causes, and always had the reputation of being very careful, successful, practitioners. The first governmental office Mr. Wilkinson received was that of surrogate and judge of Probates for the county of Northumberland, which was on the resignation of the office by the late Hon. Thomas H. Peters, on the 8th July, 1851. This office he resigned in the spring or summer of 1870, with the view of becoming a candidate for the New Brunswick legislature. And it may be mentioned that during all the time Mr. Wilkinson held the office, no appeal was ever made from any decision or judgment made by him in any cause before him. In the spring or summer of 1852, Mr. Wilkinson was appointed (under the first Education Act of New Brunswick authorising inspectors, passed in the previous winter) inspector of schools for his county, Northumberland, which office he held for several years, until, fearing that the increasing professional demands on his time and attention might induce a less careful and thorough performance of his duties as inspector, or interfere with professional duties, he resigned the office into the hands of the government, stating these reasons. But his resignation was much to the regret of the then superintendent, Marshal D’Avary, who was most desirous that he should continue in office and become a district inspector under the new act then, or about to be, passed. On the 8th November, 1870, he was appointed by the commissioners of the Intercolonial Railway for examining and reporting upon the titles of lands taken for railway purposes through the county of Northumberland, and later by the railway authorities to perform a similar duty in regard to many unsettled and disputed cases in the adjoining counties of Gloucester and Restigouche. And at intervals for several years after his first appointment as railway solicitor, he was appointed one of the appraisers with one or other of the paymasters of the Intercolonial Railway, for the time being, to appraise and (after the preparation and execution of the proper transfer of title) pay the land damages for rights of way, water courses, and conduits taken for the railway purposes through all these counties. In the fall of 1872 he was appointed by the Dominion government immigrant agent for Northumberland, on the resignation by John G. G. Layton. This office he held for a few years, when, on a change of government, a new policy in regard to immigration was inaugurated. But on the cessation of the office, courteous and full acknowledgment was made by the then government of the ability and zeal with which the duties had been performed. On the 2nd April, 1873, he was appointed by the Dominion government one of Her Majesty’s Counsel Learned in the Law. On the 6th March, 1877, he was appointed surrogate of the Vice-Admiralty Court of New Brunswick, by the Vice-Admiralty Court, and on the 11th March, 1881, on the resignation of Judge Williston, he received the appointment of judge of the County Courts of Northumberland, Gloucester, and Restigouche, and on the next day was duly sworn in and held his first county court at Bathurst, Gloucester county. On the 12th February, 1884, he was ex-officio appointed first commissioner under the Liquor License Act of 1883, for the several license districts of Northumberland, Gloucester, and Restigouche, and held the same till the decision of the Privy Council declared the act ultra vires. On the 26th October, 1885, he was appointed under separate commissions the revising officer of the electoral districts of the counties of Northumberland and Restigouche respectively, under the Electoral Franchise Act, passed in 1884. Judge Wilkinson is a member of the Church of England, adhering strongly to the views developed by the Oxford movement. For thirty years, and without a break, he was the vestry clerk of the church corporation in Chatham, where he has always lived, and only resigned the office a few years ago, because of his necessary frequent absence from home, to fill judicial appointments. For a like period, with very rare exceptions, he has been a delegate to the Diocesan Church Society, and to the Diocesan Synod at, and ever since its formation, and on several occasions has been elected by the Diocesan to the Provincial Synod. At the formation of the Diocesan, he strongly espoused the right of concurrence of the bishop in all acts of the synod, so in the Provincial he was with those who held and voted that the House of Bishops should have a veto power on all nominations to the episcopate, both of which views, though not without much opposition, ultimately carried. On St. James’ day, 1850, he was married to Eliza Lovibond, only child of the Rev. Samuel Bacon, D.R. (the first rector of Chatham, and who continued such for the long period of forty-seven years, dying at his post on the 16th February, 1869), and granddaughter of the celebrated sculptor, the elder John Bacon, by whom he has had six children, only three of whom are now living: namely, Eliza Bacon, wife of John P. Burchill, M.P.P.; the Rev. William James, rector of Bay du Vin; and Mary Edith, the wife of William R. Butler, B.E., professor of mathematics at, and vice-president of, King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia. It is said that after the marriage of the latter, it was observed by the Bishop of Fredericton, the present Metropolitan of Canada, that he could say in this instance what, perhaps, could not be said by any other in Canada of any one else, that it had been his great happiness to marry the mother as well as her two daughters.

Cargill, Henry, Manufacturer of Lumber, Cargill, Ontario, M.P. for East Bruce, was born in the township of Nassagaweya, Halton county, on the 13th August, 1838. His father, David Cargill, and mother, Anne Cargill, were natives of the county of Antrim, Ireland, and having emigrated to Canada in 1824, settled in the county of Halton, Ontario, over sixty years ago. Henry received his primary education at the schools in his native county, and afterwards took a course at Queen’s College, Kingston. He commenced the lumber business in 1861; and in 1878 removed from Nassagaweya to Guelph, and in April of the following year to Greenock township, east riding of Bruce county, where he still resides. Although the manufacture of lumber has been Mr. Cargill’s chief business, he has engaged, to a limited extent, in mercantile pursuits, and has done some farming. He has also a flour mill and a sash and door factory, and on the whole has succeeded very well in all he has undertaken. He was for some time the postmaster at Cargill; and for the last three years has been the reeve of the township of Greenock. Mr. Cargill has been an active politician for many years; and in 1887, on presenting himself for parliamentary honors, was elected to represent East Bruce in the Dominion parliament. In 1879 he generously gave to the Wellington, Grey & Bruce (now the Grand Trunk) Railway a piece of land on which he built a station, and this was the starting of the village of Cargill, which is named after him. In politics he is a Conservative; and in religion he belongs to the Presbyterian denomination. On the 11th March, 1864, he was married to Margaret Davidson, daughter of William and Anne Davidson, of Halton, and has a family of four children.

Stennett, Rev. Canon Walter, Cobourg, Ontario, was born in Kingston, Ontario, in 1821, of English parents, who had emigrated, in 1811, to the West Indies, and in 1817, at the close of the American war, passed through the United States and settled in Kingston. His father was a typical Englishman, whose politics were never swayed by considerations of advantage to himself; hence, though always a staunch Conservative, he neither sought nor received any government office or emolument, but through a long life continued true to his principles of loyalty and integrity, unrewarded. In 1837, when the “American sympathizers” (as they were then called) aided the rebellion of Mackenzie, he commanded a body of provincial artillery opposite Navy Island, and he will be remembered by many still living as president of the officers’ mess of the militia on the Canadian shore. His son, the subject of this sketch, a boy of sixteen, was just ending a successful career at Upper Canada College, where he won many prizes, both in classics and mathematics. On the opening of King’s College University, young Stennett was one of the first to matriculate, and soon proved that his early promise in Upper Canada College would not disappoint those who expected somewhat from him. Amongst these was the Rev. Dr. McCaul, with whom young Stennett soon became a great favorite, and who especially recognized his talent for Latin and English verse. It was in mathematics, however, that his highest development showed itself, so much so that the then professor of mathematics, on leaving for England, wished young Stennett to enter Cambridge, in which English university he assured him of a high wranglership. While still pursuing his student career in King’s College, the vacancy of third classical master in Upper Canada College occurred, and Mr. Stennett was immediately chosen as one very fit to fill it. Hence he commenced his course as master in the institution in which he had received his earliest classical training. After a few years, and while still completing with éclat his course at King’s College, and reading in divinity under the late Rev. Dr. Beaven and Professor Hirschfelder, he received his degrees of B.A. and M.A.; but was prevented from proceeding to B.D. and D.D. by the abolition of the chair of divinity, and with it the power of King’s College to confer degrees in that faculty. Meanwhile, by the lamented death of the Rev. W. H. Ripley, Mr. Stennett was made second classical master in Upper Canada College, and afterwards, by a series of events which caused the retirement of the then principal—the late F. W. Barron, M.A.—Mr. Stennett was, without the least solicitation on his own part, promoted to the vacant post, as one fitted in every way, by his talents, disposition, and acquirements, adequately to fill the position of principal of the Eton of Canada. A few years before, in 1852, Mr. Stennett had married the daughter of the then Ven. Archdeacon of York, and, on returning from his marriage tour, was, while in London, commissioned to obtain from Downing Street, and to bring out with him, the Royal Charter of Trinity College, Toronto. Though always by his feelings naturally inclined to the Church University, Mr. Stennett has never taken an ad eundem degree in Trinity College, but his name still continues on the roll of what has ever been to him the rightful representative of his own university. Thus has the onward tide of things not increased his academic honors. While principal of Upper Canada College, Mr. Stennett had the honor of personally presenting the address of that institution to his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, then on a visit to this country. About the sixth year of Mr. Stennett’s prosperous conduct of Upper Canada College, contentions unhappily arose with the Senate of the University of Toronto, the leading spirits of which desired alterations in the classical scheme of teaching, and changes in the mode of discipline, of which changes Mr. Stennett, from his experience, did not approve. Under the worry produced by conscientiously resisting these changes, and honestly upholding a system under which some of the finest minds in the country had had their training, Mr. Stennett’s health broke down. His honest efforts to resist what he regarded as a mongrel and lowering system brought on a serious brain affection, which demanded his resignation in self-defence, and this resignation was, greatly to the indignation of Sir Edmund Head, the then governor-general (himself a scholar and a gentleman), accepted, though he offered Mr. Stennett a special Royal commission. To recover from this affection of the brain (the effects of which have never entirely left him), Mr. Stennett retired to a small property on Lake Simcoe, where, after an interval of needful rest, he built, and for some time conducted successfully, the private school known as “Beechcroft.” From this Mr. Stennett was, in 1866, at the especial desire of Bishop Strachan, promoted to the important rectory of Cobourg, then about to become vacant by the election of its rector to the dignity of coadjutor bishop of Niagara. For now over twenty years Mr. Stennett has ably and successfully conducted the affairs of the parish of Cobourg; but for some time a return of some of the symptoms which caused his retirement from Upper Canada College, has prevented him from actively discharging parish duties, which he has been obliged largely to delegate to his assistant, the Rev. Dr. Roy. It must not be supposed, however, that Mr. Stennett, while principally engaged in teaching, neglected the higher duties of a Christian clergyman. Called to the diaconate in 1847, and to the priesthood in the year following, he was immediately appointed assistant minister in the church of the Holy Trinity, Toronto, the congregation of which church he worked hard in building up, and for five years he served that congregation without fee or reward. He was afterwards chiefly instrumental in building, and in collecting the congregation for, the church at Carlton, near Toronto. He served for long periods, in the absence of their own clergy, the church at Norway, and the three churches of the Rev. Mr. Darling, in the township of Scarboro’, all this without compensation of any kind. Finally, on his retirement to Lake Simcoe, he built, and served gratuitously for several years, the beautiful little stone church of Christ’s Church, Keswick. In fact, until he was inducted into the rectory of Cobourg, Mr. Stennett had never received a penny in the way of stipend. To the efficient manner in which the affairs of his parish in Cobourg have been managed, the records of the church can testify. Large returns have been regularly made for all the purposes for which the synod required collections. A beautiful chancel has been added to St. Peter’s Church; one of the best organs in the diocese has been placed therein, and many other improvements are in course of being made. Canon Stennett having had the great misfortune to lose his estimable wife by a lingering illness, was, early in 1882, married by the Bishop of Toronto to Julia Veronica, daughter of the late Norman Bethune, of Montreal, and niece of the late Dean Bethune, of Christ’s Church Cathedral in that city. Her tact, energy and ability have been prominently shown in those parts of parochial work which need the skilled guidance of an accomplished lady. This slight sketch would be left imperfect, did we fail to mention that Canon Stennett’s labors were not confined altogether to the routine duties of his own parish, but that under three successive bishops his scholarly and theological attainments were utilized to the benefit of the diocese at large, in his conducting, periodically, the examinations for holy orders, until the brain malady, from which he still suffers, obliged him to resign this portion of his duties into the hands of his bishop.

Bélanger, Rev. François Honoré, Curé of the Parish of St. Roch, Quebec, was born at Montreal on the 26th April, 1850. He is the son of François Bélanger, who was manager of the Queen’s printer’s establishment during many years, and Elmire Chalut, a member of a family having numerous representatives in all parts of the province of Quebec. Mr. Bélanger, sen., died in September, 1857, and Mrs. Bélanger, in September, 1859. Having completed a course of classical and theological studies at the Seminary of Quebec, he determined to enter holy orders. He was ordained priest on the 28th of May, 1876, and was appointed vicar at the Basilica, Quebec city, on 29th of May of the same year, a position he held for nine years and a half. On the 4th of October, 1885, he was given the charge of the important parish of St. Roch, succeeding the Rev. Mr. Gosselin, and the Rev. Mr. Charest, whose memory will forever survive, chiefly in connection with the signal services he rendered his flock on the occasions of the disastrous conflagrations Quebec has so often been visited with, and also of the riots, when his presence and his voice quelled the most turbulent as by magic. Rev. Mr. Bélanger has built the St. Roch’s School, probably the finest building held by the Christian Brothers in the Dominion. This school is the property of the parish of St. Roch.

Joseph, Abraham,—The late Abraham Joseph, Merchant, of Quebec, was born on the 14th of November, 1815, at Berthier, near Montreal. He was the son of Henry Joseph and Rachel Solomon. After the death of his father, who succumbed to the cholera plague of 1832, he removed to Quebec, where he continued to reside up to his death, which occurred on the 20th of March, 1886. The other branches of the family have all settled in Montreal. Mr. Joseph married in 1846 Sophia David, daughter of Samuel David and Sarah Hart, of Montreal, and she died in 1866, leaving a family of eleven children, four sons and seven daughters. Of these all but one have survived their father. Mr. Joseph was a successful man of business throughout his long career; his name was identified with almost every commercial enterprise of his time, and in most instances appeared among their active directors. As president of the Quebec Board of Trade, he appeared for several years at the head of the business community, and in his turn presided over the then flourishing Dominion Board of Trade. He was one of the original directors of the Banque Nationale, where was seen the unusual spectacle of eight men, all middle-aged or more, sitting at the same board for over eleven years without change. The first break in the board (since, however, much changed), was made when Mr. Joseph resigned his position, to take the presidency of the Stadacona Bank, then being established. This institution had a fairly successful career, but after passing through the greater part of a period of commercial depression, was put into liquidation by a vote of the shareholders. The president himself never lost faith in the institution, and his assertions of its complete soundness were amply proved by the fact, that in spite of the losses and expenses incidental to liquidation, the shareholders received back the whole of their capital. Mr. Joseph’s public services, however, were not confined strictly to commercial life. Proud of his English descent, he was a life member of the St. George’s Society, and more than once its president. He sat in the city council, and once stood for the mayoralty, being only defeated by a small and very questionable majority. He took a lively interest, but no prominent part, in politics. He served in the Quebec light infantry, during the rebellion of 1837-8, and in time attained the rank of major in the militia. He held the position of vice-consul for Belgium for over thirty years. A Jew by birth and conviction, he brought up his large family, with the assistance of his revered wife, as long as she lived, in all the teachings of their religion, both ceremonial and moral—a task of no slight difficulty in the absence of anything like an organized community. Though truly religious, however, he was as far removed as possible from any taint of bigotry, and his integrity, kind-heartedness and intelligent sympathy, made him the friend alike of Catholic and Protestant, rich and poor, English and French. It is doubtful, indeed, whether in his long career he made any enemies. It is very characteristic of the man’s liberal views, that of the only two public legacies left by his will, one was for a Christian object, the other for a Jewish. His habits were thoroughly domestic and sociable, and his residence, Kincardine Place, was long known as one of the most hospitable residences in Quebec city. He was never happier than when surrounded by the young friends of the family, or by his grandchildren, eight of whom he lived to see.

Pelletier, Hon. Honoré Cyrias, Puisné Judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, with place of residence at Rimouski, was born at Cacouna, in the county of Kamouraska, on the 28th November, 1840, from the marriage of François Pelletier, farmer, and Françoise Caron, who lived in Cacouna, and removed later on to St. Arsène, county of Temiscouata. Justice Pelletier was educated at the Seminary of Quebec, and graduated bachelier-ès-lettres et ès-sciences at Laval University, where he also followed the law course for three years. He then entered the law office of L. G. Baillairgé, in Quebec, and was called to the bar of the province on the 8th of October, 1866. He practised his profession in Quebec, forming partnerships successively with A. Benoit, H. J. J. Duchesnay, and J. E. Bédard. In 1879 he was made a Queen’s counsel; and was elevated to the bench on the 12th of April, 1886, on the death of the late Judge Mousseau. Judge Pelletier was married twice, the first time to Tharsile Gourdeau, a daughter of F. Gourdeau, who was harbor master of Quebec, in 1869; and the second time to Célina Moraud, a daughter of J. B. Moraud, N.P., of Lotbinière, in 1877.

Fizét, Louis Joseph Cyprien.—This well known French Canadian poet was born in Quebec, on the 3rd October, 1825. His mother was Mary Powers, of London, England, daughter of an officer of the Royal navy; and his father the Hon. Louis Fizét,—descended from an old French family which left Dieppe, in Normandy, in 1656, and settled in Canada,—held several important official positions, including that of district judge for the district of Gaspé, and took an active and influential part in the political events that occurred in the district of Quebec anterior to the year 1840. He died in January, 1867. At a meeting of the bar of Lower Canada, held in the city of Quebec, on the 8th of that month, Hon. Charles Alleyn being in the chair, the following resolution, amongst others, was unanimously adopted: “Proposed by the Hon. J. N. Bossé, seconded by Charles J. Holt, Esq., Q.C., and resolved, that this section of the bar believes it to be its duty to render homage publicly to the memory of the deeply lamented Hon. Louis Fizét, to his virtues as a citizen, upright and honorable, who has given universal satisfaction in the fulfilment of the duties of the various public offices which he has filled, and who has deserved from all the highest testimonials of esteem in his public and private life by his constant affability, courtesy, and kindness of heart.” Louis Joseph C. Fizét, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the private school of the celebrated Doctor Wilkie, and subsequently at the Seminary of Quebec, where he had for professors, among others, the Rev. Alexandre Taschereau, who is now his Eminence Cardinal Taschereau; the Rev. Jean Langevin, now his Grace the Bishop of Rimouski; and the Rev. M. Bouchy, a distinguished French professor of rhetoric. At this latter institution he exhibited a more than ordinary aptitude and taste for literature, which evinced at this early period, that he was likely to shine as a literary man of ability later on, and which expectation has since been fully justified. As an instance of his early taste for literature, at the age of twelve years he wrote a story entitled “Vincent, le Naufragé,” the fruit of his young imagination, though distantly connected with Robinson Crusoe. When the manuscript was concluded, he would not be satisfied until he had illustrated it with colored designs, showing his hero in various adventures, and then bound it with his own hands. This early effort, though far from being a masterpiece, showed the bent of his mind at that early age. Mr. Fizét has travelled through Europe, and is well acquainted with all its more important cities, hence his natural talents have had the advantage of development through observation of the habits and customs of peoples of many different nationalities. While in Dieppe, in Normandy, France, he called on the mayor of that city, who courteously gave him an opportunity of consulting its archives. He there found the certificate of birth of the founder of his family in Canada, to whom he had traced his origin by means of certain documents and the registers of births deposited in the archives of Quebec. The certificate of birth of his ancestor, found at Dieppe, is in the following terms: “Le 31 août, 1635, est né dans cette ville Abraham, fils d’Abraham Fizét et de Catherine de la Brecque, nommé par Jacques de la Brecque et Catherine de Caux, lesquels ont signé.” This certificate satisfied him that his family name ought to be spelled thus: “Fizét,” and not Fiset. He studied law under the Hon. Ed. Bacquet, who was later appointed one of the justices of the Superior Court, and the Hon. Charles Alleyn, Q.C., and at one time provincial secretary of the united provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, and was duly admitted to the bar on the 24th of November, 1848. In 1849, like many of the young men of that time, he took an interest in politics, and was an ardent admirer of the late Sir L. H. Lafontaine, then at the head of the Lafontaine-Baldwin administration. On the day following the burning of the parliamentary buildings at Montreal, by an infuriated mob, he took passage for that city, then in the greatest agitation, and with many others, offered his services to the government to assist in the maintenance of order; but Lord Elgin, at that time governor-general of Canada, being averse to the arming of the citizens, his offer was not accepted. On that memorable occasion he wrote the following extemporaneous song which has remained in the possession of one of his then youthful friends, and which indicates the excitement prevailing at that period:

Later on, when the war feeling was at its height in Canada, and when hostilities were expected to break out between England and the United States on account of the Trent affair, he contributed to form a drill association, for the purpose of raising volunteer regiments, to assist the regulars in defending the country. One of the associations was called “Les Chasseurs de Québec,” and he wrote for them the following song, so far inedited:

Some time after, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the reserve militia. His intention had been to devote his life to politics, and the practice of his profession, having adhered for some time in politics, to the views of the late Hon. Joseph Cauchon, subsequently lieutenant-governor of Manitoba; but in 1861, he was offered, by the administration of Sir George Cartier, and accepted the office of joint prothonotary of the Superior Court, and still retains the position. Having exhibited such a taste for literature in his early youth, it is not surprising to find him with a strong tendency to poetry, which was developed so far that he is familiarly known as one of the poets of Lower Canada, for he has written some of the most graceful poems and lyrics published in this country. Upon the occasion of the visit of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales to Canada in 1860, M. Fizét was invited by Sir Hector Langevin, at that time mayor of Quebec, to compose the ode of welcome for that city to the young prince, which was much admired, and for which he was complimented and received the thanks of our good Queen’s son. Mr. Fizét was jointly with the Hon. M. A. Plamondon, the founder of the Canadian Institute of Quebec (“l’Institut Canadien de Québec”) of which he afterwards became president, and for several terms subsequently held, and still holds, the office of honorary president. In 1856, while holding this office, he offered thirty pounds for the best essay on the subject: “Quels seraient les moyens à adopter pour créer en Canada une littérature nationale.” In 1878, he also put up to competition a prize of twenty-five pounds, to be adjudged by the said institute for the best essay on the following subject: “Eloge de l’agriculture; de l’état de l’agriculture dans la province de Québec; des moyens à prendre pour en activer le progrès.” Hon. Senator Fabre, at present Canadian agent in Paris, France, in a public lecture delivered in Quebec, said, regarding the subject of this sketch, Mr. L. G. C. Fizét, “Imagination charmante, au vol gracieux; poète délicat, au vers élégant.” Most of his published poems have appeared in La Ruche Littéraire, Les Soirées Canadiennes, La Littérature Canadienne, Le Foyer Canadien, Le journal de l’Education, and some of the leading French journals. The following extracts from “L’Histoire de la Littérature Canadienne,” by Lareau, of Montreal, may possibly tend to show the high repute in which M. Fizét is held in that city. In 1867, Mr. Fizét obtained the silver medal, at a poetical competition, opened to all comers, by the Laval University, on the following subject, viz., “The Discovery of Canada.” The competitors were numerous, and the report of the jury, speaking of his poem, read as follows; “A happy variety of rhythm, adapted with great art to the different parts of the subject, a great elevation of style and ideas, life and brilliancy, real lyrical inspiration which sustains itself nearly from one end of the poem to the other. The first two chants have merited a very particular mention for their loftiness of ideas, and the sustained beauty of the versification.” In 1873, M. Fizét was preparing a complete edition of his poems and lyrics, most of which were unpublished when his manuscripts were burnt and lost in the Court house of Quebec, which was destroyed by fire on the 1st of February, of that year. Ever since, his numerous official and other occupations have prevented him from devoting any of his time to the restoration of his lost manuscripts, and the further culture of literature, but with the high commendation he has so deservedly received, emanating from the source it does, it may well be remarked, that Quebec, with honest pride, gratulates itself that she possesses such a poet and scholar in one of her sons, as we find the subject of our sketch, who in various situations, some of them very trying, as we are told, has always shown a kindly disposition, a high sense of honor, a remarkable combination of powers, great sagacity, integrity of motive, energy of character and undaunted will-power as testified by general report. His motto is, “Fais ce que dois, advienne que pourra.”

Kilgour, Robert, Paper Bag Manufacturer, Toronto, was born at Beauharnois, province of Quebec, on the 29th April, 1847. His father, William Kilgour, was a native of Edinburgh; and his mother, Ann Wilson, a native of Loch Winnoch, in Scotland. Both came to Canada while young, and after marrying settled in Beauharnois, where Mr. Kilgour carried on the carpenter and building trade. Robert received his education at the public school of his native town, and when a lad entered the office of Messrs. Molson, of Montreal, where he remained for some time. He then came to Toronto, and became book-keeper for Livingston, Johnson and Co., wholesale clothiers, and here remained until 1870. He then returned to Montreal, and went into the paper bag business in partnership with J. C. Wilson, and on the expiration of this partnership, in 1874, returned to Toronto and established, with his brother, Joseph Kilgour, the business of Kilgour Brothers, paper bag manufacturers, who are now carrying on the largest business of its kind in Canada. Mr. Kilgour is a very active citizen, and takes part in everything tending to elevate the race. For a number of years he has been treasurer for the Young Men’s Christian Association, and is also connected with several other benevolent institutions. In politics he is a Reformer; and in religion a member of the Presbyterian church. On the 15th July, 1886, he was married to Clara, daughter of the late William Govan, manufacturer, who for a number of years was one of Glasgow’s (Scotland) greatly respected magistrates.

Casgrain, Thomas Chase, Q.C., LL.D., M.P.P., Advocate and Professor of Criminal Law at Laval University, Quebec, was born in Detroit, Michigan, on the 28th of July, 1852. He is descendant from one of the oldest French families in Canada. His paternal ancestors belonged to an ancient family at Ervault, in Poitou, France. The first who came to Canada was Jean Baptiste Casgrain, an officer in the French army, who landed about 1750. His son, Pierre, was lord of the Seigniories of Rivière Ouelle and L’Islet. Maternally he is descended from Jacques Babie, an officer of the Regiment of Carignan-Salières, who landed in Quebec in 1665, and whose descendants of that name have occupied high and responsible positions in the country. His grandfather was the late Hon. Charles Eusèbe Casgrain, lieutenant-colonel, unattached, who sat for Cornwallis in the Lower Canada Assembly from 1830 to 1834, was a member of the Special Council of Lower Canada from 1838 to 1840, and at his death held the office of assistant commissioner of Public Works of Canada. His father, the Hon. Charles Eugène Casgrain, C.M., M.D., is one of the senators of the Dominion. He was educated in Quebec, and studied medicine in McGill College, Montreal. He began the practice of his profession in Detroit, U.S., in 1851, but removed to Sandwich in 1856, and now resides at Windsor. He has held various prominent positions in his country; and was created a knight of the order of the Holy Sepulchre in 1884. He was called to the Senate in 1887. His mother is Charlotte Mary Chase, a daughter of the late Thomas Chase, of Detroit, Michigan, and Catherine Caroline Adelaide Bailli de Messein, of Quebec. Thomas, the subject of our sketch, is the eldest son of this union. He was educated in classics at the Quebec Seminary, in Quebec, where he graduated with high honors in 1872, having stood at the head of his class for five years. In mathematics, sciences, moral philosophy, at Laval University, Quebec, and law, also at Laval, where he graduated a master-in-law (licencié en droit), summa cum laude in June, 1877, carrying off the Dufferin medal for that year. He was called to the bar in August, 1877, and settled in Quebec, where he began the practice of law in partnership with Col. Guillaume Amyot, M.P., whom he left in 1881 to join the extensive law firm of Langlois, Larue, Angers & Casgrain. Mr. Langlois having died, and Mr. Larue having been appointed a judge of the Superior Court, Mr. Casgrain, in 1887, on his appointment as a Queen’s counsel, became the senior partner of the firm of Casgrain, Angers & Hamel, which has one of the most extensive practices in the district of Quebec. He was appointed a member of the Law Faculty of Laval University in October, 1878, and its secretary in November of the same year. He was also appointed professor of Criminal Law in the same institution, and granted the degree of Doctor of Civil Law in October, 1883. He represented the Crown in Quebec with the late Judge Alleyn, at two terms of the Court of Queen’s Bench, criminal side, in 1882, and was deprived of the office by Attorney-General Loranger, because his views did not agree with those of the government on the sale of the North Shore Railway to Mr. Sénécal. He was junior counsel for the Crown at the trial of Louis Riel and other rebel leaders, at Regina, in July and August, 1885. Mr. Casgrain was chairman in 1879 and 1880 of the Cartier Club, a political organization; and is now one of the directors of the Conservative Club of Quebec. He was elected a member of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec in October, 1886, by 196 of a majority, after a severe contest in which the Riel cry was worked to its utmost. His opponent was the Hon. Pierre Garneau, the leader of the Parti National. He is a strong Conservative. He was offered the position of stipendiary magistrate for Alberta, when it became necessary to appoint a French magistrate, but he declined the honor. Mr. Casgrain is a nephew of the Abbé H. R. Casgrain, a celebrated French Canadian writer, and of P. B. Casgrain, Q.C., member of the House of Commons for l’Islet. He married, in Quebec, on the 15th May, 1878, Marie Louise, eldest daughter of the late Alex. LeMoine.

McDonald, Alexander Roderick, River du Loup (en bas), province of Quebec, Superintendent of the Quebec and St. Flavie District of the Intercolonial Railway, and President of the Temiscouata Railway Company, River du Loup (en bas), Quebec, was born on the 9th of August, 1846, at Montreal. His parents were James Ronald McDonald, and Adèle Quevillon. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe College, and went through the classical course. Mr. McDonald entered the railway service, April, 1864, as station master on the Grand Trunk Railway, from which position he retired in October, 1871, to enter mercantile business in Kamouraska, Quebec province; but in January, 1880, he again entered the railway service as assistant superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway. In October, 1881, he was promoted to be the district superintendent of the same road, which position he now holds. In January, 1885, he formed a company for the construction of a line from River du Loup, Quebec, to Edmundston, in New Brunswick, under the name of the Temiscouata Railway Company, of which he was elected president, and which office he has held since. This line is now in an advanced state of construction, and will be completed in the fall of 1887. In politics, Mr. McDonald is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion, a member of the Roman Catholic church. He has been twice married. First on September 14th, 1866, to A. Blondeau, of St. Paschal, who died 10th of February, 1873; and secondly, on May 16th, 1881, to Marie Langevin, of Quebec, sister of Sir Hector L. Langevin, minister of Public Works of Canada, and of his Lordship the bishop of Rimouski.

Clark, Rev. W. B., Quebec.—This worthy divine was born at Biggar, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on January 27th, 1805. His father was William Clark, a respectable country merchant, who died when his son was only two years old. Thus in the providence of God the charge of a family of six devolved on his widow, Janet Brown, who did her best to bring them up in the fear of the Lord, to provide for their wants, and give them a good education. William was educated chiefly at the parish school of Biggar, where he obtained a knowledge of the elements of Greek, with a pretty accurate and extensive knowledge of Latin. But when he was ready to go to college, in consequence of family reverses he could not be sent. He remained some time at home therefore, and got a still more extensive acquaintance with the Latin classics. But he was anxious to do something for his own support, and betook himself to teaching. By the assistance of James Hogg, the “Ettrick Shepherd,” he was enabled to open a small school in the parish of Yarrow. Mr. Hogg kindly provided a school-room, with an apartment and free board for the teacher in the farm house of Mont Benger. This farm was rented by the poet, and was situated about a mile from the cottage of Altrive Luke, where he resided, and the house was occupied only by a servant, who looked after the cattle, etc. At that time Mr. Hogg had no children of his own old enough to be instructed, but he interested himself in this school partly for the accommodation of the neighbors, and partly, perhaps, from kindness to the young teacher, who had been introduced to him the year before by Henry Scott Riddell, who afterwards married his sister—the Eliza of one of his popular songs. During his leisure hours, Mr. Clark wrote a tale, which he showed to the shepherd, who made a large addition to it, and published it in Constable’s Magazine, and generously gave the money paid for it to the young teacher. At the close of April, when some of the young people had to resume field work, the school at Mont Benger had to be broken up; but Mr. Clark found employment at Manor, in Peeblesshire, where two farmers, for their own children’s sake, organised a school, in the house of one of whom—Mr. Murray, of Cademuir—the teacher was kindly and freely boarded. In the beginning of November, 1822, Mr. Clark entered the University of Edinburgh, having saved money enough to pay all personal and college expenses during the session. On going to Edinburgh, Mr. Hogg furnished him with a letter of introduction to Professor Pillans, who treated him very kindly and presented him with a free ticket to his class. In this class he gained two prizes, one on the direct and indirect forms of speech, and another for superiority in private studies. At the close of the session he returned to his old employment at Manor, where he remained till the following November, when he went home to Biggar, where he taught a short time, and then accepted a school at Roberton, in Lanarkshire. About this time his mother died, and shortly afterwards, his own health failing, he returned to Biggar, and spent the summer and fall in teaching a son of Mr. Gillespie, Biggar Park. At the opening of the college session of 1824, he had not saved money enough to support himself and pay the necessary college expenses; but an old lady, a friend of the family, lent what was necessary to make up the deficiency. During this session, he seems to have devoted his energies chiefly to Latin, and gained a prize for an essay on the eighth satire of Juvenal. At the close of this session he received an appointment as tutor in a large boarding school at Eddleston, in Peeblesshire, where he remained for eighteen months. It was here that a favorable change took place in his spiritual condition. He had for a long time had doubts and difficulties on the subject of religion; but at this time, after a careful study of “Chalmers’ Evidences of Christianity,” his doubts were removed, his difficulties solved, and he became a believer in revealed truth, so far as the exercise of the intellectual faculties could make him so. From this time he had a deep conviction that the reading of the heathen classics had deeply injured his moral and spiritual condition. The contempt which an intelligent mind cannot but feel for the heathen mythology, seems to have confirmed his doubts in regard to religion altogether. And it is indeed surprising that Christian people should encourage the study of the heathen classics to the neglect of the ancient Christian classics. In this way we believe that unspeakable mischief is done. And there is no excuse for it; for some of the ancient Christian classics wrote sufficiently pure Greek and Latin. We have often been surprised that the dialogue entitled Octavius, of Minutius Felix, and the letters of Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, should not have been generally introduced into our schools and colleges. Their latinity is beautiful, and their religious and moral teaching such as cannot fail to exercise a beneficial influence on all who read them with attention. The same thing may be said in regard to the writings of Justin Martyr, whose Greek, if not so pure as that of Xenophon or Plato, is sufficiently good for all practical purposes. His first Apology, addressed to the emperor Antoninus Pius, is especially valuable, and ought to be read by all students of divinity. On leaving Eddleston, at the end of October, 1826, he had saved money enough to pay the little debt which he had contracted the year before, and to meet all his expenses during the ensuing session at college. But before returning to Edinburgh, a friend had procured for him abundance of private teaching, so that he had now money enough and to spare. From this time he had private teaching enough, so that he no more required to lose a session at college. But what was of more importance, his faith in the glorious truths of the gospel was now confirmed, and he was growing slowly in grace and Christian experience. In 1828, Mr. Clark entered the Divinity Hall the same year in which Dr. Chalmers came to the University of Edinburgh as professor of divinity. It is needless to say that he profited greatly by the teaching of that devout and extraordinary man, who not only communicated instruction in the most effective and memorable manner, but infused somewhat of the fire of his own soul into the minds of his students. Mr. Clark not only made great progress in the systematic knowledge of divine truth, but imbibed something of the spirit of his master. One of the exercises prescribed to Mr. Clark was an exegesis on the subject, “An Christus sit colendus summo cultu deo patri debito?” that is, “Ought Christ to be worshipped with the supreme worship due to God the Father?” This led him to an investigation, on biblical principles, of the grand fundamental truths of the gospel, which resulted in a firm conviction in his mind of the truth of the grand evangelical principles embodied in the Westminster Confession of Faith. The preparation of this discourse produced a most salutary effect on his mental character; but it did more, it deepened his religious convictions, and called forth in his soul more lively emotions of gratitude and love to the God of salvation. Soon after this, Dr. Chalmers recommended Mr. Clark for one of the government bursaries, and it was conferred upon him. The bursary was one of ten pounds a year; but it had been vacant for a year, so that he got twenty pounds sterling the first year and ten pounds a year for the two succeeding years. With his revenue from private teaching, this placed him in very comfortable circumstances. And as he succeeded about this time to a small property left him by his father, he had now more than sufficient for all his wants. In the summer of 1832, Mr. Clark was licensed to preach the gospel by the presbytery of Biggar, but as there was at that time a superabundance of preachers in connection with the Established Church, no opening appeared for him in that line, so he continued his labors as a private teacher. His work now consisted almost exclusively in assisting in their studies young gentlemen attending the Edinburgh Academy. About this time a society was formed by the preachers of the Establishment in Edinburgh for voluntary missionary labors among the poor in the most destitute parts of the city. Mr. Clark was chosen by the venerable Dr. Inglis to labor in his parish of Old Greyfriars, and the scene of his operations was the Cowgate, with the closes extending from it to the Lawn market and High street. Dr. Inglis soon after this died, and was succeeded by the Rev. John Sym, a young man of fine talents, very popular as a preacher, and of genuine Christian character. Mr. Clark was soon after his appointment introduced to Mr. Sym, when he engaged him at a respectable salary as his assistant, to labor among the poor of the parish. As Old Greyfriars was a collegiate charge, his services were not required in the parish church; but he preached regularly in an old church in the Cowgate, whose spire is still visible from the South Bridge. At that time it had passed out of the hands of the church, and was the property of the Society of Hammermen, who kindly gave the use of it for missionary meetings. It was in this church that the first General Assembly of the Church of Scotland was held, and it has now happily passed into the possession of the Free Church. The scenes of poverty and wretchedness and vice which Mr. Clark had to encounter in his visits among this people were often heartrending. On one occasion, when urging a poor woman to attend the church, he was met by the reply, “Oh, sir, our thoughts are mainly taken up about how we are to get the next meal of meat.” It was not uncommon to find houses in which there was no bed, and only some litters of straw, or even shavings, as a substitute. This was afterwards the scene of Dr. Guthrie’s labors when he became colleague to Mr. Sym, in the parish of Old Greyfriars, and no doubt furnished the materials for his book on the sins and sorrows and sufferings of the great cities of the old world. When Mr. Clark’s health was beginning to fail, he was relieved from the severe and often painful work which he had to perform in the Cowgate and its closes. In 1835 he was recommended by Dr. Chalmers to Lady Maxwell, of Springkell, who had requested him to send a young man to take charge of the parish of Half-Morton. This parish was then in a peculiar condition. It was still a distinct parish quo ad civilia, but was united, quo ad sacra to the parish of Langholm, of which the minister was a Pluralist, having to preach three Sabbaths in the month at Langholm and one at Half-Morton. A suit was afterwards instituted in the Court of Tiends for the separation of the two parishes, which was successful; and in 1839 Mr. Clark was presented by the Crown to the resuscitated parish of Half-Morton. Meanwhile he had been married to a distant relation of his own, Jane Brown, a daughter of James Brown, of Edmonston, but as there was no suitable residence for them in the parish, they had to reside at Longtown, a village of Cumberland, on the English side of the border, till a manse was built at Half-Morton. Here they spent four years in comfort and happiness, till the disruption took place, when they had to leave their pleasant home. They found a temporary residence at Annan, a town ten miles from the church of Half-Morton. This distance from the scene of his labors occasioned great additional labor and hardship to Mr. Clark, more especially as he had often to preach in the adjoining parishes of Canonbie and Langholm, where a strong feeling in behalf of Free Church principles had been excited. During the summer of 1843, the preaching in country places had to be done chiefly in the open air; but at Canonbie a marqué, capable of sheltering several hundred people, was erected in a pasture field near the road-side. Mr. Clark had officiated only two Sabbaths in this place when he was interdicted by the Duke of Buccleugh, who was the sole proprietor of the parish. The duke’s interdict was obeyed, but preaching was immediately begun on the road-side, where increasing numbers attended. A preacher was immediately procured for Canonbie, and when Mr. Clark appeared after a few Sabbaths’ absence, he chose for his text, Philippians i., 12: “I would ye should understand, brethren, that the things which happened unto me have fallen out rather unto the furtherance of the gospel.” The opposition of the duke only intensified the determination of the people. It is only justice, however, to his grace to add, that some time afterwards he granted a site for a church and manse with a piece of land on easy terms. Towards the close of 1843, Mr. Clark was called to Maxwelltown, a suburb of Dumfries, but the presbytery refused to release him from Half-Morton. In the spring of 1844, however, difficulties having arisen in the congregation of Maxwelltown, the call to him was renewed. This time the presbytery withdrew their opposition to his removal, and he was transferred to Maxwelltown in the spring of 1844. With a good manse and large and beautiful garden which he had planted with the choicest fruit trees, and in the midst of a satisfied and increasing congregation, here Mr. Clark lived with his family in great happiness and comfort till the spring of 1853, when, under the impression that he was called of God, he removed to Canada. This was a great trial to him, more especially as his wife, who was in delicate health, was unwilling to go. She was too good a woman, however, to resist what her husband believed to be a call from God, and, trusting in the Lord, consented to go. In February, 1853, Mr. Clark sailed for New York alone, thinking it better to leave his family to come out the following summer. On reaching New York, he proceeded immediately to Quebec, which he reached on the 1st of March, and immediately entered upon his labors there. He was treated with great kindness by the late James Gibb, of Woodfield, who very handsomely kept him in his house till the arrival of his family in September. Mrs. Clark was very feeble when she arrived at Quebec; the sea voyage appeared to have weakened her, and she did not improve much by the change of air and rest which she now enjoyed. And when the cold weather set in, she began gradually to sink. But she had perfect faith in Jesus, no complaint escaped her lips, and in February, 1854, she died in the full assurance of a blessed resurrection. Instead of enlarging on her beautiful character now, it will answer the purpose better to insert a poem which Mr. Clark wrote on the occasion of her death: —

Mr. Clark remained unmarried for sixteen years, when he was united in marriage to Amelia Torrance, widow of Thomas Gibb, of Quebec. She has been to him a wise counsellor, a true and affectionate wife, and while she was able, a help meet for him in his great work. After some time, however, she was seized with rheumatism, which at first gave little inconvenience; but it gradually increased in severity, till at last, in the winter of 1872, it completely prostrated her. Towards the summer of 1873 she recovered a little, and it was thought advisable to try the effect of a sea voyage upon her. Mr. Clark, also feeling his strength giving way, after having labored in Quebec for upwards of twenty years, thought himself justified in resigning that important and laborious charge. Accordingly they sailed for the old country in the autumn of 1873; and Mrs. Clark felt more benefit from the sea voyage than from all the medical treatment which she had received. After visiting Mr. Clark’s sister, the widow of Henry Scott Riddell, at Tiviot Head, they spent the winter partly at a hydropathic establishment, near Melrose; partly in Edinburgh, and partly in Dumfries. They then started for the south, spending a short time in London, a week in Paris, and then started for Aix-les-Bains, in Savoy, famous for its hot sulphur springs. After spending some time there they returned to Scotland, through Switzerland and France, arriving in Edinburgh near the end of May, a little before the closing of the Free Church General Assembly. They spent the remainder of the summer very pleasantly among their friends in the rural parts of the counties of Roxburgh, Peebles, and Dumfries, and in the neighborhood of Glasgow, from which port they sailed, and reached Quebec in safety in September, 1874. Mr. Clark was now too old to think of looking after another ministerial charge, but preached occasionally at Quebec and elsewhere as circumstances required till 1880, when he was called to be professor of Church History in Morin College, Quebec, which situation he still holds. While in Half-Morton he prepared a book for family worship, which was published by T. Nelson & Sons, Edinburgh, and obtained a large circulation. While in Maxwelltown, after the death of his only son, he wrote a little volume entitled, “Asleep in Jesus,” which was also published by the Nelsons, and extensively circulated. This little book was afterwards published in Philadelphia without the author’s knowledge. Mr. Clark produced another little work, entitled “The Promise of the Spirit,” which was published by Robert Kennedy, at Prescott. This book did not attract much attention, and was never republished.

Thompson, Hon. John Sparrow David, Q.C., Minister of Justice and Attorney-General of the Dominion of Canada, Ottawa, was born at Halifax, on the 10th of November, 1844. He is a son of John Sparrow Thompson, a native of Waterford, Ireland, who, after coming to this country, was for a time Queen’s printer, and afterwards superintendent of the money order system of Nova Scotia. Hon. Mr. Thompson chose law as a profession, and was called to the bar of Nova Scotia, in July, 1865, and appointed a Queen’s counsel in May, 1879. He was for six years alderman of the city of Halifax, and for five years a member of the Board of School Commissioners, being for some time chairman of the board. He was also a member of the Senate of the University of Halifax. He was for the last two years of his residence in Halifax honorary lecturer in the Halifax Law School, on evidence and the construction of statutes. He entered the political arena in 1877, and was elected for Antigonish county a member of the Nova Scotia legislature, by a majority of 517. He was returned by the same constituency at the general election of 1878, and was appointed attorney-general in 1878, and was again elected by acclamation. In 1882, on the retirement of the Hon. Mr. Holmes, he was chosen premier and attorney-general; and at the election that followed that year, he was returned by a majority of over five hundred. In July, 1882, he resigned office, and was appointed one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. This office he held until the 25th of September, 1885, when he resigned, and was chosen by Sir John A. Macdonald to fill the important offices of minister of justice and attorney-general for the Dominion of Canada. He sat in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia from December, 1877, until his elevation to the bench in 1882; and was first elected to the House of Commons, at Ottawa, in October, 1885, and re-elected at the general election of 1887, for Antigonish. Hon. Mr. Thompson in politics is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion is a member of the Roman Catholic church. In 1870, he was married to Annie E. Affleck, daughter of Captain Affleck, of Halifax, and has a family of five children.

MacLean, Alexander, Parliamentary Printer, Ottawa, was born on the 9th December, 1834, in the township of Dumfries, county of Brant, Ontario. His parents were John MacLean and Isabella McRae, both natives of Inverness, Scotland, from which country they emigrated, and settled in Canada. Alexander received his education in the public and grammar schools, and remained at home, his father being a farmer, taking a share of the farm work, until he was twenty years of age. He subsequently taught school for a while, and also served for some years as a mercantile clerk. He abandoned these pursuits for the newspaper press, to which he had become a casual contributor, and became the publisher, in 1865, of the Cornwall Freeholder, then the home organ of the late Hon. Sandfield Macdonald, and continued its publisher until shortly after that gentleman’s death, in 1872. He then joined the staff of the Toronto Globe, as its Ottawa correspondent, and this position he held for several years, until he became (with Mr. Roger) one of the contractors for the printing of the Senate and House of Commons, and of the government at Ottawa, and such he has been for the last fourteen years. Mr. MacLean is a justice of the peace for the united counties of Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry; a director of the Metropolitan Street Railway Company; of the Canadian Granite Company, both of Ottawa; and of the Cornwall Gas Company. He is also interested in several other public enterprises. He early joined the Masonic order, and is now a past worshipful master. He is a Liberal in politics, and in religion, belongs to the Presbyterian denomination. On November 20th, 1863, he was married to Sarah, daughter of John Smith, St. George, county of Brant.

Perrigo, James, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.S., (Eng.), Montreal, was born in the city of Montreal in 1846. His parents were John Perrigo and Eleanor Reeves. The doctor’s family have always been Conservative in politics, and we find that in the war of 1812 his grandfather served against the Americans; and it was in consequence of his patriotic services on this occasion that he escaped being expelled from the country during the troublesome times of 1837, he having commanded the rebels in the skirmish that took place near Beauharnois in that year. He received his education at McGill University, and afterwards went to England, where he further prosecuted his medical studies, and while there he was elected honorary secretary of the Obstetrical Society of London. Returning to Montreal in 1872, he began the practice of his profession, and now occupies a front rank as a medical practitioner in that city. He is a professor of surgery in Bishop’s College Medical School. In religion Dr. Perrigo is an adherent of the Episcopal form of worship; and in politics is a Liberal-Conservative. In 1885 he was married to Marion G., daughter of the late H. Chandler, who, during his lifetime, was a merchant in Montreal.

Medley, Rev. Charles Steinkopff, B.A., Rector of Sussex, New Brunswick, is of English birth, having been born in Truro, Cornwall, on the 16th September, 1835. He is a son of the Right Rev. John Medley, D.D., bishop of Fredericton, and Christiana Bacon, a granddaughter of the great English sculptor of that name. The Rev. Mr. Medley received his early education in the classics and mathematics at Marlborough College, Wiltshire, England, and came out to New Brunswick in 1855, his father having preceded him. Shortly after his arrival he entered King’s College, Fredericton, where he took the arts course. He studied theology under his father. In June, 1859, he was ordained deacon by his father, and the following year priest. He was first sent to the mission of Douglas, York county, New Brunswick, where he labored fifteen months, serving meanwhile as a school trustee, and doing good religious and literary work. At the end of this period Rev. Mr. Medley returned to Fredericton to assist his father in the Cathedral. After a short residence in Fredericton he removed to St. John’s, Newfoundland, where he was incumbent of St. Mary’s Church for three years, and then returned to New Brunswick in 1867, to become rector of Sussex. Since his settlement here he has done good work for the Master. A neat and tasty church edifice has been erected, with black ash and pine sheathing, one of the finest houses of worship of its kind in the province. The old church whose place it took was one of the earliest built in this part of New Brunswick, Sussex having been settled by U. E. loyalists. It is situated about half a mile from the village, and, like the residence of the rector a few rods from it, has beautiful rural surroundings, and is a most inviting place for man to worship God. Rev. Mr. Medley was appointed canon to the cathedral at Fredericton in 1869; and rural dean in July, 1880. He is an excellent scholar, a polished writer, a sound theologian, and has a pleasant delivery in the pulpit. Canon Medley was married on the 21st April, 1864, to Charlotte, daughter of Robert Bird, of Birdtown, York county, New Brunswick.

Macdonald, Charles De Wolf, B.A., Barrister, Pictou, Nova Scotia, was born on the 23rd October, 1854, at Pictou, N.S. His father was the late Alexander Cameron Macdonald, Q.C., barrister, who, during his lifetime, represented the county of Pictou in the Nova Scotia legislature for eight years, and occupied the position of speaker in the House of Assembly, previous to the confederation of the provinces. His mother, who still survives, Sarah Amelia De Wolf, is a descendant of a well-known loyalist family, of German noble origin. Charles received his primary education at Pictou Academy; matriculated in 1869 at Dalhousie College, Halifax, when fifteen years of age, taking the first provincial scholarship, and, making the highest aggregate each year; graduated in 1873. He took first prizes throughout his course for Latin, Greek, French and German. Since leaving college he has made a special study of modern languages, and is now widely known as a linguist. He adopted law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1875, when only twenty-one years of age. For the past twelve years he has practised in Pictou, and is now one of the leading barristers in the county. Mr. Macdonald has always taken a deep interest in military affairs, and is a lieutenant in the 78th Highlanders, Colchester, Hants and Pictou volunteers. He is a Liberal in politics, and is an active politician. From 1882 to 1885, in addition to his usual law practice, he edited the Pictou News, which was the first paper to advocate the repeal of the federal compact, and ranks among the best conducted weeklies in the Maritime provinces. He is a member of the Presbyterian church.

Bethune, John Lemuel, M.D.C.M., M.P.P. for the county of Victoria, Baddeck, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, was born at Loch Lomond, Richmond county, N.S., in 1850. His parents were Roderick Bethune, postmaster, and Mary Bethune, who came from the Highlands of Scotland to Cape Breton about fifty years ago. The Rev. Thomas McLauchlin, F.S.A.S., in his “Celtic Gleanings,” says that the descendants of the Beatons, or Bethunes, or as they styled themselves, McVeaghs (McBeths), in a family tree contained in an old manuscript of theirs still in existence, trace themselves up to Nial of the Nine Hostages, King of Ireland. One Ferchar Bethune came into prominence by being the means of curing King Robert II. of Scotland of a painful and dangerous disease, and there is among the Scottish registers of charters a copy of a charter from that king conveying to Bethune, as an expression of his gratitude, possession of all the islands on the west coast of Scotland from the Point Store in Assynt to that of Armidale in Farr. How long Ferchar’s descendants were physicians is not known, but they can be traced back as such by means of existing documents for three hundred and fifty years from the middle of last century. However, the great progenitor of the race would seem to be a certain Fergus the Fair, probably the Fergus Bethune who lived in the year 1408, and was then physician to McDonald of the Isles of Islay. There are several MSS. belonging to this family in existence. One is a small quarto in vellum, now in possession of David Laing, of the Edinburgh Signet Library. It was written by John Beaton, who flourished in 1530. It is full of comments on the writings of Constantius and other medical continental writers of that period. It also contains a long treatise on astrology, and another on the phenomena of color as an indication of health or disease. This and other writings of theirs indicate an amount of cultivation in the Gaelic to qualify it for being the language of science from which it has sadly declined. Dr. Bethune, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Normal School in Truro, and in Dalhousie University, where he took the degree of M.D.C.M. in 1875, and then began the practice of his profession. In 1881 he was appointed paymaster, with the honorary rank of captain, in the 94th battalion Argyll Highlanders, and the same year was made census commissioner. He is a justice of the peace, coroner, commissioner of schools, and is a commissioner for taking affidavits, etc., in the Supreme and County courts of Victoria county. He takes an interest in all movements for the good of his fellow men. He is a past master of St. Mark’s lodge of the Masonic brotherhood; and is also a member of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of Nova Scotia. He occupied a seat in the municipal council from 1879 till 1886, when he resigned; and for three years from June, 1880, he was warden of the county. The doctor was for three years secretary of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Victoria county; and at the general election held in 1886 he was selected to represent his adopted county, as an Independent, in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. His religious views are in accordance with the teachings of the Presbyterian Church of Canada. He was married January 20th, 1885, to Mary C., only daughter of the late Robert A. Jones, registrar of deeds for Victoria county, who was a descendant of a Jones, a loyalist, who came to Cape Breton at the time of the American rebellion, and to whom was granted large tracts of land at Big Baddeck, Washabuck and other places in Cape Breton.

Hatt, Samuel Staunton, Quebec, Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, Legislative Council, province of Quebec, was born at Chambly, Quebec province, on the 18th February, 1844. He is the eldest son of the late Augustus Hatt, and of Charlotte Emelie de Salaberry, of Chambly. He is also a grandson of Colonel de Salaberry, the hero of Chateauguay, and of the Hon. Samuel Hatt, of Chambly. Mr. Hatt received his education at the High School of St. Johns, and at St. Hyacinthe College. He received his civil service certificate when only about sixteen years of age, and in 1861 entered the Militia department. He served on the frontier at St. Albans during the time of the Fenian raids, with the rank of captain and adjutant; and also commanded a detachment, at Huntingdon, of the 3rd Administration battalion, under command of Lieut.-Colonel Taylor. While Captain Hatt was stationed at Laprairie, he and the men under him rendered great service in subduing a fire which endangered the whole town, and were afterwards publicly thanked by the municipal council for the important service rendered on the occasion. Mr. Hatt was appointed under Royal commission Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod for the Province of Quebec, on the 23rd December, 1867, and still holds this office. He was married in 1883, to Mrs. N. F. Hoole, of Philadelphia, United States.

McMaster, Hon. William.—Senator McMaster, who died in Toronto, on the morning of Friday, 23rd September, 1887, was a good representative of that class on whom we bestow the title of merchant princes. He was born in 1811, in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, and his father was the late William McMaster, a linen merchant, who did business for many years in the county where the subject of our sketch was born. His son’s early education was a very careful one, he having attended a private school, the best in the parish, presided over by Mr. Halcro, one of the most eminent teachers in the north of Ireland. In 1833, Mr. McMaster left Ireland, and on the 9th of August of the same year he came to Toronto. Since then the town of seven thousand people, with only two brick houses in it, has become the flourishing metropolis, with a population of over one hundred thousand, and the social and commercial centre of the leading province of a great dominion. In that time the young immigrant, with his capital of only brains, energy, and good habits, had become one of Canada’s most noted citizens, an object of emulation to all young men, and of gratitude to the many who have been benefited by his practical kindness. Landing in New York at the age of twenty-two, he was advised to proceed to Canada to enter into business with a son of the British consul, who had established himself in a trading business west of Toronto. Proceeding by the old-time flying express route along the canal, the young fortune-seeker found himself in Oswego, whence a trip across the lake in a steamer brought him to Toronto. Life in Canada West at that time was not altogether attractive to a young man conscious of his ability to fill a large sphere, and it did not take young McMaster long to decide that in Toronto, if anywhere in the province, he must look for success. He entered the service of Mr. Cathcart, who at that time kept a dry-goods establishment on King street, opposite the old Court-house, now York Chambers. Before two years had passed his assistant had grown so valuable to him, that Mr. Cathcart could not afford to run any risk of losing him, so offered him a partnership. This was accepted, and for ten years the firm went on prospering well. At the end of that time the senior partner retired, leaving the whole business in Mr. McMaster’s hands. The concern up to this time had been doing a wholesale and retail business, but shortly after assuming control, Mr. McMaster resolved to confine his attention solely to wholesale. New premises were opened on Yonge street, below King, and here the success which had attended the young merchant continued and increased. Subsequently a handsome building was erected, adjoining the Montreal Bank, on Yonge street. But other business connections which he had formed demanded his whole attention, and in 1865 he sold out his interest to his two nephews, who had been associated with him. These continued the business until the death of A. R. McMaster and the retirement of W. F. McMaster, when the firm was re-organised with the accession to its ranks of H. W. Darling, under the title of McMaster, Darling & Co. This was about eighteen months ago. The present firm occupy handsome warerooms on Front street near Yonge. The causes which contributed to the great success which Mr. McMaster met with in this business are those which characterize the career of almost every successful business man. Even during those times when there was the greatest temptation to “display” and to bid for a large business, Mr. McMaster steadily refused to allow his business to grow beyond the basis of his own capital. His caution in this respect enabled him to tide over the hard times of 1857 and other bad years, and even during the depth of the hard times to do a profitable trade. Rivals overtaken by the financial storm, with all canvas spread, were wrecked. Yet while pursuing this cautious policy he showed, by the way in which he enlarged his establishment, that there was nothing niggardly about his management. Whenever he deemed the circumstances favorable for the use of his capital he used it freely, and thus added yearly to the magnitude of his returns. He left commercial life in order that he might make the greater success of the financial operations in which he had become interested. He had been for some time director of the Montreal Bank and of the Ontario Bank, and now he purposed throwing himself, with all his customary energy, into the organization of a new concern. The charter was procured and the company organized on a sound basis, and Mr. McMaster was chosen the first president of the new Bank of Commerce, which was the title chosen. That was about twenty years ago, and the position of honor and trust which he then achieved he retained until about a year ago, when advancing years compelled him to relinquish the presidency and simply to give to the bank as a director the benefit of his immense business experience. He was succeeded in the presidency by Henry W. Darling above mentioned. During all the time of Mr. McMaster’s Canadian life, Toronto has been making, year by year, a strange history-record. Four years after Mr. McMaster’s arrival came the rebellion under William Lyon Mackenzie, which, with the tremendous agitation leading up to and following it, naturally interfered very much with the operations of peace-loving merchants. Immense political changes took place, changing the province from a mere crown colony, with practically no such thing as political freedom, to a self-governing country with representative institutions, and manhood suffrage in the near distance. The city itself had to expand north, east, west, and even south, for the Esplanade works redeemed in all a great tract of land from the bay, and made sites for some of the largest buildings in the city to-day. Railway communication, then unknown, had to be made to all parts of the province, and the city had to bear its share of the expense of the facilities thus afforded. Though never afraid to express his opinions in favor of a liberal policy, Mr. McMaster kept out of active political life long after his friends would have had him a representative of the people, had he agreed to put himself up for election. At length, however, the crisis came which brought him out. North York and South Simcoe were at that time united for the purpose of elections to the Legislative Council of the province. There was a vacancy in the constituency, and John D. Gamble became the Conservative candidate. He was a strong man, and although it was known that York would give a majority against him, it was fully believed that unless he was opposed by the very strongest man who could be put up against him, Tory South Simcoe would far more than neutralise this vote. In their dilemma the Liberals applied to Mr. McMaster to act as their standard-bearer. At first he strenuously opposed the idea, but seeing that it was to the interest of what he believed to be true that he should accede to their wishes, he finally did so. Though he prosecuted his canvass with his characteristic energy, the Liberal candidate set an example of moderation and forbearance in conducting the campaign utterly unknown in those days, and (more’s the pity) very little practised since. Though not pretending to any talent of oratory, Mr. McMaster conducted himself while on the platform with such transparent honesty that even the Tory stronghold was captured, and beside a majority of 1,100 in York, he came out with a majority of about 300 in Simcoe, giving him such a sweeping victory that even his friends were astonished and his opponents confounded. The elections for the Council then took place once every eight years, and Mr. McMaster would doubtless have stood for re-election, but that in the meantime confederation took place, and under the new order of things he was called upon to take his seat in the Senate. During the whole of his political life he gave close attention to the duties devolving upon him. He never sought to move the house by eloquence, but in committee, where measures are really elaborated, and where most of the work, except the talking, is done, he was found keenly alive to all that passed, and ever exerting an influence in favor of liberal and progressive measures. But however great his commercial success, Mr. McMaster’s name will be best remembered on account of the many generous acts which have been associated with it. For many years he has been the pillar and mainstay of the Baptist denomination in Toronto. His own congregation—that now worshipping in the beautiful building on the corner of Jarvis and Gerrard streets—owes much to his vigorous initiative and substantial pecuniary aid. Mr. McMaster and his present wife, contributed $50,000 toward the fund for building the church, and in addition to this, Mrs. McMaster paid for the organ, one of the finest instruments in the country; and about four years ago the worthy Senator surprised his co-trustees, at a meeting called for the purpose of considering the best means of providing for the church debt, by pulling out of his pocket a deed, showing that a few hours before the meeting he had discharged all the debt. The Baptist book-room and The Canadian Baptist were purchased mainly with his money, and put in such a form that the enterprises now practically belong to the denomination. To his munificence is due the successful condition of the Superannuated Ministers’ Society of the Baptist Church. Upper Canada Bible Society, a non-sectarian institution, owes much to him. To add to all these instances there could be brought forward a long list of public and private benefactions, but the whole of them are overshadowed by the magnificent gift which he has presented to his fellow-Christians in the Baptist College, now one of the chief ornaments of Toronto. During the last years of his life Mr. McMaster devoted much attention to the development of his plans for the advancement of education. When he founded Toronto Baptist College, at a cost of $100,000 paid to the Toronto University authorities for the ground, and $90,000 for furnishing the building, he only thought of putting up a structure at his own expense, and endowing the presidency, looking to the denomination to provide the means, through annual collections, for the support of two other chairs. But with the development of the college and its increasing prosperity from year to year, he saw the necessity of adding two more professors to the staff, and subsequently two additional professors, making a staff of six besides the president. Seeing that the denomination was sufficiently burdened with its large home and foreign work, he relieved it of all responsibility for the support of the entire staff, whose aggregate salaries amount to $14,500 annually; and by his will it is provided that McMaster University will ultimately receive, subject to the payment to the Home Missionary Society of $2,000, about $800,000, in addition to what the testator gave for the same object during his lifetime. At the beginning of the discussion of the university confederation question, on the recommendation of some of the educational leaders in the Baptist denomination, Mr. McMaster proposed to found an arts college in Toronto, in affiliation with Toronto University, on condition that the denomination would raise the amount of $88,000 for the more thorough endowment and equipment of Woodstock college, which was to continue as a preparatory school. Of this sum he himself proposed to contribute $32,000. After considerable effort had been made to secure the sum proposed, it was found that the denomination was not in hearty sympathy with the scheme, for very little of the necessary amount was ever subscribed. However, in the spring of 1886, at a time when, to all appearances, the confederation scheme had failed through the refusal of several of the more prominent colleges of Ontario to enter confederation, it was proposed to Mr. McMaster that he should transfer to Woodstock college the amount which he had intended for the establishment of an arts college in Toronto. After mature consideration he cheerfully acceded to the proposal, believing that the preservation and enlargement of Woodstock college, with its traditions and associations, were of more importance to the welfare of his people than the establishment of the arts college in Toronto. Within a few weeks of the announcement of Mr. McMaster’s donation, nearly $50,000 was secured by the Rev. Drs. Rand and MacVicar for new buildings and equipment at Woodstock, from members of the denomination. It was then felt by the leaders of the denomination that Woodstock had the prospect of sufficient funds in the near future to warrant the development of its curriculum into a full university course. Accordingly a committee was appointed to obtain the charter, which was granted by the Ontario Legislature at its session in 1887, and in accordance with a universal feeling amongst the Baptists of the country, the name of McMaster University was given to the new institution. This charter embraces both Woodstock and Toronto Baptist colleges. The Hon. Mr. McMaster during his lifetime held several important financial and other offices. As well as being a director of the Bank of Commerce, he was a member of the University Senate, president of the Freehold Permanent Building and Savings Society, vice-president of the Confederation Life Association, director of the Toronto General Trusts Company; of the Wellington, Grey and Bruce Railway Company, etc. His whole estate is valued at $1,200,000. He had been twice married—first, in 1851, to Miss Henderson, of Hew York, who died in 1868; secondly, in 1871, to his present wife, Susan Molton, widow of James Fraser, of Newburgh-on-the-Hudson, N.Y. He had no children.

Rutherford, John, Justice of the Peace for the County of Grey, Owen Sound, Ontario, was born at Toronto, on the 9th February, 1839. His parents were Peter Rutherford and Martha Henderson, who died when he was a mere lad—the mother in 1844 and the father in 1846. The late James Lesslie, who then published the Toronto Examiner, adopted the orphan and educated him in the Toronto Academy. In this benevolent gentleman’s family he remained until 1851. During this year he was bound out as an apprentice to Christie & Corbet to learn the trade of iron moulder at Owen Sound, and at this trade he worked for six years. In 1857, business becoming very depressed throughout the country, especially that in iron, Mr. Rutherford was forced to look for some other means to earn a livelihood. Having fortunately learned during his boyhood, in the Examiner office, the art of setting type, he found temporary employment as a compositor on the old Comet newspaper; and some time afterwards got on the staff of The Times. A few years later on, he, in conjunction with David Creighton, now M.P.P. for North Grey, bought out this paper, which was conducted by them, under the firm name of Rutherford & Creighton, until 1868, when the partnership was dissolved and the plant divided, Mr. Creighton retaining The Times and Mr. Rutherford the job department. Since then his business has steadily grown, bookbinding has been added, and his office is now one of the institutions of the thriving town of Owen Sound. He was a member of the town council in 1875, ’76, ’77 and ’79; High School trustee in 1884, ’85, and ’86, and has been re-appointed to fill the office for another term. He was chosen by acclamation to fill the office of mayor for 1885 and 1886, and faithfully served the people during his term. In August, 1866, he joined the Masonic brotherhood, and is now a past master of St. George’s lodge. He is also second principal of Georgian Chapter, No. 56, R.A.M. He takes a deep interest in the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and is one of its past district deputy masters of the Georgian district. Mr. Rutherford is an adherent of the Methodist church; and in politics is a Liberal-Conservative. He has been twice married, and has had a family of ten children, nine sons and one daughter; two of his sons have died.

Kerr, William, M.A., Q.C., LL.D., Barrister, Cobourg, Ontario, was born in the township of Ameliasburg, in the county of Prince Edward. He is a son of the late Francis Kerr, formerly of Enniskillen, in the county of Fermanagh, Ireland, who for some years taught school in Prince Edward, and afterwards removed to the county of Hastings. After the death of his father and mother, which occurred when he was a child, Mr. Kerr removed with his half-sister and her husband to the township of Clarke, where he worked on their farm and went to school. He prepared for college under Dr. William Ormiston, now of the Collegiate Reformed (Dutch) Church, New York, who at that time was the Presbyterian minister at Newtonville, and kept a private academy. He entered Victoria College at Cobourg as a senior matriculant in 1852, and graduated in the arts department in 1855. The class consisted of four, all now living, viz., Dr. Carman, senior superintendent of the Methodist church; Dr. Moses Aikins, the well-known physician in the county of Peel; Dr. E. B. Ryckman, ex-president of the London Conference; and the subject of this sketch. He studied law in the office of Smith and Armour at Cobourg, and began the practice of his profession in the town of Cobourg, September, 1858. His brother, John W. Kerr, who was appointed county attorney and clerk of the peace in 1877, on the elevation of Mr. Armour to the bench, joined him in 1860. They have the largest practice in the united counties of Northumberland and Durham. He entered the town council in 1862, and served as a councillor for five years. In 1867 he was elected mayor, and was elected five times in succession by acclamation to the same office. On presenting himself for the sixth time he was opposed, but, after a hot contest, in which he was supported by the leaders of both political parties, he was re-elected by 175 majority. Although frequently urged to enter into political life, it was not until 1874, on Mr. Armour’s (now Mr. Justice Armour) refusing the Liberal nomination for the House of Commons, that he consented to do so, when he entered the field about three weeks before the election, and defeated the Hon. James Cockburn, the Speaker of the House of Commons, by 231 majority. He was unseated, however, on petition, but was re-elected over the Hon. Sidney Smith, ex-postmaster-general, by 155 majority. He was an unsuccessful candidate in 1878, 1882, and 1885, being defeated by narrow majorities, owing to the influence of the so-called national policy and the opportune building of government works in his constituency, in the years 1882 and 1885. In politics he is a strong Liberal, and a warm admirer of the Hon. Edward Blake. For many years past he has been one of the most active Liberals in the united counties of Northumberland and Durham, taking part in all election contests in West Northumberland, and lending a helping hand whenever occasion required in the neighboring ridings. He was president of the Liberal Association of West Northumberland from 1878 to 1882, and is vice-chancellor of Victoria University, to which position he has been twice elected by the almost unanimous vote of the graduates. He married Myra, third daughter of the late John Field, a well known and highly respected merchant of Cobourg, and sister of John C. Field, ex-M.P.P., and C. C. Field, M.P.P. Has seven children, four sons and three daughters.

David, Laurent Olivier, Barrister, Montreal, M.P.P. for Montreal East, was born at Sault-au-Récollet, county of Hochelaga, near Montreal, on the 24th of March, 1840. His father was Major Stanislas David, of Sault-au-Récollet. Young David was educated at the Seminary of Ste. Thérèse, in which institution he underwent a thorough course of classical studies. On his leaving college he entered the law office of Mousseau & Labelle, and was admitted to practice at the bar of the province of Quebec, in August, 1864. Like the majority of the French Canadian youths who leave college possessing high class and interesting lore, but totally unfit for the battle of life, Mr. David had to fight his way through the world without help. As he had a natural penchant for writing, and a facile pen, he soon made his way to the press and was an able and welcome contributor to the daily newspapers and periodicals of the time. In 1870, when George E. Desbarats, a son of the Queen’s printer, founded L’Opinion Publique, a twelve-page pictorial weekly, he was chosen as chief editor of the publication, and a better choice could hardly be made. The paper was published until 1884, when it collapsed, owing to various causes, after having reached a subscription list of over fifteen thousand. It may be said that the newspaper failed on account of having received too much encouragement, because in the province of Quebec as elsewhere, a great number seem to think that when they have subscribed for a newspaper, it does not matter much to the publisher and editor whether the subscription is paid or not. Among the collaborateurs to L’Opinion Publique may be more especially mentioned the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, the late Hon. Justice Mousseau, A. C. DeCelles, the present chief librarian of parliament, C. A. Dansereau, the brilliant and gifted editor of La Presse, and many others. In 1874, Mr. David, in conjunction with Mr. Beausoleil, founded Le Bien Public, a daily paper published in the interests of the Liberal party, taking the place of Le Pays, the organ of the advanced liberals of the province of Quebec, which had been founded on the ruins of L’Avenir, the first Liberal paper of note in Canada, published by Messrs. Dorion, and having on its staff at different periods, N. Aubin, L. A. Dessaulles, Joseph Doutre, and a score of other Liberal writers. Le Bien Public was in turn superseded by Le National, founded by the late Hon. M. Laframboise, who lost both his money and his health in the enterprise, and was finally rewarded by his party with an appointment to the bench a few years before his death. La Patrie was the next journalistic Liberal venture, in 1879, and, for a wonder, it proved a financial success under the energetic and able management of Honoré Beaugrand. Le Temps also came out as an exponent of liberal views in 1881, but the shareholders having fallen into the same error as their predecessors, placed a man totally unfit for the position at its head; and as a natural consequence the paper lived only a few months. A fearless exponent of the Liberal programme, La Patrie probably did more to advance the cause of liberalism in the province of Quebec than any other newspaper. Mr. Beaugrand, who is not only an able financier, but also a judge of literary merits, grouped together the young writers of the new school, led by Buies and Fréchette. In their ranks were found Arthur Globensky, the graceful poet; the late T. H. Bienvenu, the profound political writer; Ernest Tremblay (now editor of L’Union, St. Hyacinthe); J. E. Robidoux, M.P.P. for Chateauguay, and a score of others. Mr. David, who is an uncompromising Liberal, and who never faltered in his political principles, was a more or less frequent contributor to most of these newspapers. Besides his contributions to the press he found time to publish a volume entitled “Biographies et Portraits de nos principaux Canadiens-Français,” and another entitled “Patriotes de 1837-38.” The mantle of the greatest and most popular tribune whom French Canada will forever honor and remember, Papineau, who contributed more than any other to preserve intact the rights and privileges guaranteed to the conquered race by the Treaty of Utrecht, may be said to have fallen on the shoulders of Mr. David; no national fête, no popular demonstration is complete without him; and since 1864 he has taken an active part in all the national movements. He is considered in the province of Quebec as the standard-bearer of national ideas; yet he is ever willing and ready to grant to other races the rights he asks for his own race. His pen and voice (he is a fluent and agreeable speaker) have always been employed in the defence of right and to elevate the standard of public opinion among his countrymen, and to convince them that true and effective patriotism, national and religious strength consist more of deeds than of words and noisy affirmations and declarations, and he often said boldly on public platforms that he would not encourage injustice towards other nationalities to please his countrymen, even should the madness of a few irresponsible penny-a-liners, who are paid to carry on their nefarious work, goad them to reprisals. In 1886, Mr. David presented himself to the suffrages of the voters of Montreal East, and carried the day against two formidable opponents, the Hon. L. O. Taillon, premier of the province, probably the most influential man the Conservatives could bring forward, and Adélard Gravel, the nominee of the Labor party, who polled the entire labor vote of the constituency. The Reformers, however, rallied around their standard-bearer, and by presenting a united front, succeeded in electing him by a handsome majority. Mr. David was a partner in the law firm of Longpré and David. Mr. Longpré was appointed September, 1887, prothonotary of the Superior Court for the district of Montreal by the Mercier administration. In religion he is a Roman Catholic of broad views. He married, in 1868, Albina Chenet, a daughter of Pierre Chenet. She died in August, 1887. He is the father of eleven children, one son and ten daughters.

Mountcastle, Clara H. (“Caris Sima”), Clinton, Ontario, is the third surviving daughter, and seventh child of the late Sydney Harman Mountcastle, and Frances Laura, his wife, and was born in Clinton, Ontario, on the 26th of November, 1837. She is descended on her father’s side from James, eldest son of Lord Claude Hamilton, who was created Baron of Mountcastle and Kilpatrick on the 10th July, 1606; and on her mother’s side from an eminent civil engineer, who died in the year 1811, aged 92, and was buried at Preston, East Lothian, Scotland, where the following lines are inscribed on his tombstone:—“To the memory of Andrew Meikle, who steadily pursued the example of his ancestors, and by inventing and bringing to perfection a machine for separating corn from straw, constructed on the principle of velocity, rendered to the agriculturists of Britain and other nations a more beneficial service than any hitherto recorded in the annals of ancient or modern science.” Her maternal grandfather, James Meikle, held a prominent position in his Majesty’s Ordnance Department, with headquarters in the Tower of London, and was frequently consulted by the Duke of Wellington upon the defences of the country during the Peninsular campaign. And we can well imagine, from the massive intellect displayed in a portrait of this gentleman now in possession of Miss Mountcastle, that the “Iron Duke” had no mean adviser. Mr. Mountcastle, father of the subject of our sketch, was born in London, England, on the 12th of January, 1803, and came to Canada in 1832, bringing with him his wife, who still survives, and two children, who died shortly after his arrival. Having a small capital he purchased land on the Huron Road, county of Huron, Ontario, and erected two dwellings, at different periods, on the same. The latest of these is the childhood’s home of “Caris Sima,” a small picture of which, executed in oil, now hangs on the wall of her studio in Clinton, and represents a low hewn log dwelling, with gables to the road, as described in her poem, “Lost,” and literally embowered in trees and flowers. We clip the following from an obituary notice that appeared in a local paper at the time of her father’s death. Alluding to him, the writer says, “He made a good clearing on his land, and erected a comfortable dwelling, which in later years, as his young family grew up, became a seat of refined and cordial hospitality, the remembrance of which will be long retained by the many friends who were privileged to enjoy it.” Miss Mountcastle received the chief portion of her education at home, under the direct supervision of her parents. When a child she was dreamy and reflective, rarely rousing from a state of abstraction unless to defend anyone whom she thought injured or oppressed, or to comfort her pets when in pain or trouble. Her sympathy with the dumb creatures of the universe was intense. If she discovered a caterpillar on her clothes, she would try to think where it came from, and would walk a long distance to restore it to its “afflicted family.” Oftentimes would she carry tiny toads in her little pinafore, and would take them in her hands to warm them, saying “They were so cold, poor things.” And when a trap was set to catch mice, she would listen for the click, then silently release the little prisoner. In winter her chief pleasure seemed to be found in gazing at the glowing embers in the wide, open fireplace, and she seldom joined in the romps of the other children. She did not care for study in these days. At twelve years of age she knew little more than her letters, and was dubbed “the dunce of the family.” This roused in her a desire to excel, and from that time she acquired the rudiments of knowledge with remarkable rapidity. Long ere this she showed a decided talent for drawing, which was carefully fostered by her father and mother, both of whom possessed considerable artistic taste—her mother being a good amateur artist, and her father an excellent judge of a picture. Yet they were not qualified to bring forth the latent powers of their child, else her name had been known long before 1870, when she exhibited at the Provincial Exhibition at Toronto, carrying off five prizes for paintings in water colors. From this time she made art her profession, being utterly unconscious of a still greater talent yet to be developed, and which her devotion to art as a means of livelihood seems for a time to have entirely obscured. Though her father knew her ability, and tried to induce her to write, yet her natural diffidence prevented her, and it was not until 1879 that, through the urgent entreaties of her sister Ellen, she turned her attention to literature. Miss Mountcastle is, in every sense, what is termed “a late ripe.” Not only was she backward in her studies as a child, but she remained a child for an unprecedentedly long period of time. At the age of twenty she was an unformed girl, and continued growing in stature for some years afterwards. As an artist, we would say that her sketches are masterly, and embrace almost every conceivable subject, but she has not yet attained that high finish which only study under the best masters can give. It is in the field of letters where she excels. The power, the pathos, and passion of her writings bespeak for her a high place in the literature of this and the future ages. Her first work, “The Mission of Love,” published by Hunter, Rose and Co., Toronto, is well described by J. E. Collins, in “The Life and Times of Sir John A. Macdonald,” as “a garden in which there are several unseemly weeds growing side by side with a number of delightful flowers.” These weeds were an error in judgment. Many poets have erred in the same way, and afterwards tried to suppress their early work, but the flowers are imperishable. As in art, so also in literature, Miss Mountcastle’s genius is peculiarly versatile. No poet living or dead ever wrote in such varied style. Hear the music in “The Voice of the Waters.” Mark the light debonair tone in “See that he be virtuously brought up,” and yet how full of feeling and reverence; while the airy grace of her lyrics (valentines), combined with rare delicacy of feeling, is inimitable, and shows the writer entertains higher views of love than are likely ever to be realized in this mundane sphere. And what exquisite delicacy of thought is apparent in “Reflections on a Faded Rose,” “At the Falling of the Leaf,” “Day Dreaming,” “Art Thou Thinking of Me?” etc. While what depth of pathos is felt in the wailing of “Hope Deferred.” But it is in her unpublished work, some of which we have seen, that her genius becomes more apparent. Unsurpassed by modern poet is the verse wherein she reproaches the sea for causing the death of Sappho, the celebrated Greek poetess:

And grand enough for Milton are the concluding lines:

Of Miss Mountcastle’s prose writing, we would say, that her novelette, “A Mystery,” lately published by Hunter, Rose & Co., Toronto, shows, as a first work, great ability. It is written in a pleasing, vivacious style. We take the following extract from a local paper, which does it no more than justice: “The plot is good, the moral inculcated equally so. The characters are well sustained. There is much wit and dry humor in their development, and the sketches of character and scenes show a close observation of nature; and without being in any way sensational, the interest in the story is well sustained to the end.” We would here remark, that the beautiful lines that appear in this volume, under the title of “Only a Little While,” emanate from the pen of the author’s sister, Ellen, who has written several short poems of much merit. Miss Mountcastle has written three essays on questions of the day, showing great power and originality of thought, and is now engaged on a tale of Canadian life, entitled, “Crow’s Hollow,” which we hope soon to see in print. To sum up the whole, we feel assured that, though now comparatively unknown, “Caris Sima” will ere long be recognized as one of the greatest poets of her time, and likewise rank as one of the most brilliant writers of fiction, on account of the vivid life, and intense human feeling, that is evinced in all her writings, whether in prose or verse. “Carissima,” that well-known Italian term of endearment, from which she derives her nom de plume, was an appellation conferred upon her in early girlhood by her father’s friend, the late Henry William Cole, M.D., a physician of great ability, to whom she was much attached, and is well adapted to the sweet, tender, womanly style of her writings, which show that, though in childhood she dwelt in a wilderness, she was reared in the lap of refinement. As a girl, “Caris Sima” was peculiarly simple and unsophisticated, and these traits of character still cling to her, as she, even now, gives little attention to the conventionalities of life. In stature, she is tall and commanding. Her features, which are irregular, are marked, when in repose, by an expression that might be termed sad, severe or stern; but when she speaks or smiles, her whole face illuminates like the sun breaking through a cloud, and she keeps on illuminating with expressions as versatile as her genius. In conclusion, we may say Miss Mountcastle is one of a family of twelve children, seven of whom died in infancy and early childhood. Of her sisters, Ellen, the eldest surviving, is, as we have already mentioned, a clever writer of fugitive verse. Eliza, the second daughter, is an amateur artist, and we may likewise say an amateur physician, as she studied medicine for six years under the late Dr. Cole, and practises among her own family with great success. The youngest, Alice, is married, and has one child, a bright boy, who seems likely to follow in the footsteps of his mother’s race. While her only surviving brother, Edmund Mountcastle, is a practical engineer of rare abilities, and, as we have seen, a descendant of the Andrew Meikle before mentioned, who was the first inventor of the threshing machine now in use.

Williams, Rev. John Æthuruld, D.D., Toronto, a General Superintendent of the Methodist church.—Dr. Williams is one of the most notable figures in the history of Canadian Methodism. For over forty years he has been intimately identified with its progress, and has deservedly, and with universal acceptance, attained the highest position in the gift of that church. Dr. Williams is a man who would anywhere command attention. He bears his seventy years with wonderful vigor. His fresh complexion, keen bright eyes, and remarkable alertness and energy, both of body and mind, seem to belong to a much younger man. He comes of sturdy Welsh stock, as his name—John Æthuruld Williams—indicates. He was born at Caermarthen, in South Wales, December 19th, 1817. He early lost his father, and was deprived of his only remaining parent at the age of twelve. He was thrown into the world of London, and there learned to develop that independence and energy of character by which he is marked. He received a good education at the Academy of Hoxton, near London. He came to Canada in his seventeenth year, and found a home in the town of Prescott, where the early years of his Canadian life were spent. He united with the Wesleyan Methodist church two years later, and for some time was engaged in secular business. His talents and religious zeal led to his entering the Methodist ministry in the year 1846, and to his ordination in 1850. He soon reached a leading position in the ministry, and in 1859 was elected chairman of the Owen Sound district. Such was the fitness which he evinced for that office that he has generally been elected chairman of the districts in which his pastoral charge has been situated. He has occupied several of the leading pulpits of the Methodist church: in Toronto, London, Port Hope, Brockville, Milton, Simcoe, St. Thomas, Goderich, St. Catharines, etc. When the London conference was organized in 1874, he was appointed its first president, in which office he was continued for a second term. He was a delegate to the general conference of the Methodist Episcopal church of the United States in 1876. In 1878 he received from Victoria University, in recognition of his wide reading, his general culture, and his distinguished ability, the degree of D.D. At the general conference of 1882 he was elected vice-president of that body; and at the united general conference of 1883, at which arrangements for the unification of Canadian Methodism were completed, he was unanimously elected president. The duties of this delicate and difficult position, at an important crisis in the history of the church, he discharged with such ability and impartiality as to command the admiration of the entire body. At the Centennial Conference of American Methodism, which met in Baltimore, in 1884, Rev. Dr. Williams and the Rev. Dr. Gardiner were the Canadian delegates. On that occasion Dr. Williams read an able paper, which commanded much attention, on the rise and progress of Canadian Methodism. On the lamented death of Rev. Dr. Rice, in 1885, it was the Rev. Dr. Williams whom the executive committee of the general conference selected as his successor in the office of general superintendent till the ensuing general conference. So ably did he discharge the important duties of that office that the general conference of 1886, by an almost unanimous vote, re-elected him to that position. In association with his colleague, the Rev. Dr. Carman, he has travelled with indefatigable energy throughout the length and breadth of the Dominion in promotion of the varied interests of the church of which he is a general superintendent.

Ker, Rev. Robert, Rector of Trinity Church, Mitchell, Ontario.—The subject of this brief biographical notice was born in the North of Ireland, some time about the year 1842 or ’43, and is the eldest son of the late Robert Ker, of Newbliss, county Monaghan. Having received an excellent common school education, and being very zealous in Sunday-school and other Christian work in his native place, it was intended that he should enter the ministry of the Church of England; but circumstances for the moment turned his thoughts in another direction. So early as 1857, Mr. Ker organized a Young Men’s Christian Association in his native town, and although quite unaware of the ultimate development of the movement, or of the parties even then working in it, the rules he drew up for the management of the association would be found to be not much dissimilar from the leading features of Young Men’s Christian Association work at the present. At a very early period Mr. Ker evinced a marked taste for newspaper writing, and took an active part in the controversy respecting the more general adoption of the National School system of education by the Protestants of Ireland. He vigorously denounced the system as an unworthy attempt to displace the Bible in the public schools, and succeeded in arousing a good deal of local hostility to the movement. About 1862 Mr. Ker entered the Normal Training College in Dublin, where his abilities as a thoughtful educationist attracted considerable attention, and he was awarded one of the four scholarships at the disposal of the committee, and on graduating from the institution he was one of three placed in the coveted rank of first class. Mr. Ker was promptly appointed to Lord Powerscourt’s chief school, which he taught with distinguished success for several years, and was awarded four honorary certificates from the Incorporated Society for the success of his pupils. Mr. Ker finally resigned the position, and at the invitation of the late Major Knox, proprietor of the Irish Times, Dublin, he became the special correspondent for that journal in Belfast. Those were exciting days on the Irish press, and very often the collecting of news involved a good many personal risks, and the subject of this sketch had his full share of them. Few of the leading public men of those days were unknown to Mr. Ker, and many are the incidents which he relates of the events of that stormy period, culminating, as it did, in the disestablishment of the Irish Church. It was Mr. Ker who reported the famous speech made by the Rev. John Flanagan respecting the kicking of the Queen’s crown into the Boyne, and which aroused the wrath of the London Times, and set the country in a blaze. Mr. Ker has occupied, at one time or another a position on every leading Irish paper. Late in 1872 he came to Canada, and was immediately engaged on the Toronto Leader, then an influential factor in Canadian politics. He remained on the staff of the Leader for some time, and while there edited the Patriot, well known for its sterling defence of Protestant principles. In 1874, circumstances appeared favorable for carrying out the never wholly-abandoned idea of entering the ministry of the church, and after due matriculation Mr. Ker entered Trinity College, Toronto, under Provost Whitaker, and subsequently took charge of St. John’s High School, province of Quebec, as principal, and it was while occupying that position that he was, in 1877, ordained to the diaconate by the Right Rev. Dr. Oxenden, Metropolitan, who forthwith appointed him to the mission of Chelsea, Templeton and Portland. This was a very trying district, entailing long drives over bad roads, but Mr. Ker soon became a prime favorite, and was greatly missed upon leaving. During his incumbency he had the debt paid off the Chelsea church and a new one consecrated at Portland. The following year he was advanced to the priesthood, and appointed to succeed the late Rev. Dr. Clarke, as incumbent of St. Stephen’s Church, Buckingham, province of Quebec. From there he was transferred to St. Paul’s Church, Mansonville, and while there he was called, in 1880, to the rectorship of Trinity Church, Quebec city. Rev. Mr. Ker labored in the ancient capital for nearly seven years. Trinity congregation was by no means wealthy, but he succeeded in gathering around him an earnest body of workers, to whom he became greatly attached, and the congregation returned the feeling very heartily. He purchased the church building from the Sewell family at $8,300, and paid off $4,300 of the amount within the year, leaving the balance as a mortgage upon the building. During the seven years of the Rev. Mr. Ker’s pastorate in Trinity Church, it was a great centre of attraction for the young, and when he decided upon accepting a charge in Ontario, the feeling of regret was wide-spread and profound. For about four years of his residence in Quebec, Rev. Mr. Ker, in addition to his other duties, filled the position of vice-rector in the Boys’ High School. He was also appointed by the Lieutenant-governor-in-Council a member of the Board of Protestant Examiners, and that body subsequently elected him their secretary. Rev. Mr. Ker was also for a time inspector of the schools for the Colonial Church Society in the district of Quebec, and vice-president of the Quebec Teachers’ Association; so that, altogether he has rendered good service to the country of his adoption. As to his theological views, he wishes to be described simply as “a churchman,” irrespective of party distinctions, which he looks upon as injurious and uncalled for. In 1863 he was initiated into the Masonic order; and since then has held a leading position in its ranks, having been elected worshipful master of Albion lodge, and subsequently, in 1885, he was elected to the position of grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, and re-elected again in 1886. The Rev. Mr. Ker has been a constant contributor to leading periodicals, and is an editorial writer of recognized ability; in fact, in every sense he has been one of our hard workers. As a preacher he is held in high esteem, for, while avoiding sensationalism on the one hand and the dry conventionalities of ordinary preaching on the other, he addresses himself in plain and forcible language to the wants of his hearers, and denounces in vigorous terms the prevailing hollowness of religious professors. He participated to some extent in the controversies carried on by churchmen a few years ago, but this he very sincerely regrets, believing as he does that unquestioning loyalty to the Church and Christian forbearance to the brethren are clear and imperative duties. On the 23rd August, 1874, he was married at New Brighton, S. I., to Lizzie, youngest daughter of the late Thomas Wilkin. Their family consists of three sons and two daughters. The Rev. Mr. Ker is at present rector of Trinity church, Mitchell, in the diocese of Huron; and his brother, the Rev. John Ker, is rector of All Saints Church, Dunham, province of Quebec, in the diocese of Montreal, and is esteemed by Bishop Bond as one of the most active and most successful missionaries.

Pelton, Sandford Harrington, Q.C., Barrister, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was born in New York, on the 28th September, 1845. His father was Milo Sandford Pelton, who was of English descent, and his mother, Louisa Maria Harrington, was a Nova Scotian. Sandford received his early educational training at the public school of Antigonish, Nova Scotia, and studied classics, mathematics, and the higher branches under the Rev. R. F. Brine, Episcopal minister at Arichat, Cape Breton. He studied law with the late Charles F. Harrington Q.C., of Arichat, who for some time represented Richmond county in the Nova Scotia legislature, and also with the Hon. Daniel Macdonald, formerly M.P.P. for Antigonish county, and attorney-general for Nova Scotia. On the 22nd October, 1867, he was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia as a barrister and attorney, and commenced business in Yarmouth, on the 20th November, 1867, and here he has resided since, and has built up an extensive practice. He was appointed by the Nova Scotia government, on May 27th, 1876, a Queen’s counsel. Mr. Pelton is an active Mason, and occupies a prominent position in the order; is a past district deputy grand master, and a past junior grand warden of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia. In temperance work, too, he has taken a hand, and is a member of several societies. In politics, he is a Liberal, and worked actively for his party during the last elections. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. On the 16th November, 1869, he was married to Mary Georgina Darby, youngest daughter of the late Captain Jos. W. E. Darby (who was for some years employed by the Nova Scotia government in the fishery protection service as commander of the cutter Daring, and died on board that vessel in 1851; he made quite a name for himself by his skill and ability in the discharge of his duties), and granddaughter of the late Superintendent Darby, of Sable Island.

Shakespeare, Noah, General Agent, Victoria, British Columbia, M.P., for Victoria, was born at Brierley Hill, Staffordshire, England, on the 26th of January, 1839. His parents were Noah and Hannah Shakespeare. The father was a distant relation of William Shakespeare, the bard of Avon. Mr. Shakespeare received his education in the public schools of his native place. He left school at an early age, and being of an independent turn of mind, and anxious to get on in the world, he worked as hard and as long hours, as any lad in England. Having heard of British Columbia as a field in which a young man might get on, he determined to try his fortune in that far-off land, and accordingly left England, and landed in Victoria, on the 10th of January, 1863, and has since that time been a resident of the province. Arriving like many another poor lad in Canada, without scarcely a penny in his pocket, he availed himself of the first job that offered, namely, that of a place in the Vancouver collieries. Here he faithfully performed the duties assigned to him for some years, until he saw an opportunity of bettering his condition. He then moved to Victoria city, and began to climb the path which has since led to distinction. His first public position was that of councillor, and being a workingman himself, his efforts during the four years he was in the council, were always directed in favour of the workingman. In 1882, he was elected mayor of the city, by a large majority of the ratepayers, and never, it may be said, had Victoria a better chief magistrate, and its affairs better managed than under his administration. This same year he was elected president of the Mechanics’ Institute; and at the general election of 1882, he was sent to Ottawa, to represent Victoria in the House of Commons; and again re-elected to the same position at the general election in the spring of 1887. In 1885, Mr. Shakespeare was elected to the presidency of the British Columbia Agricultural Association; and in 1886, he was also made president of the British Columbia Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of which he was the principal organizer in Victoria. He is a friend of all movements adopted for the good of his race. He was president of the Anti-Chinese Association of Victoria, in 1879; was elected grand worthy chief of the Grand Lodge of Good Templars of Washington Territory and British Columbia, in 1877; again elected to the same position in 1878; and in 1886, he filled the honourable office of president of the Young Men’s Christian Association of Victoria. In 1884 he introduced and succeeded in getting carried a resolution in favor of restricting Chinese immigration into the Dominion of Canada. He is a justice of peace for the Province of British Columbia. In politics, he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion, an adherent of the Methodist church. On December 26th, 1869, he was married to Eliza Jane Pearson.

Fielding, Hon. William Stevens, Premier of Nova Scotia, and M.P.P. for the city and county of Halifax, was born at Halifax, on the 24th of November, 1848, and is of English descent. He was educated in his native city, and has devoted the greater part of his life to journalism. At the age of sixteen he entered the office of the Morning Chronicle, in Halifax, the leading Liberal paper in Nova Scotia, as a clerk, and gradually worked through the reportorial and editorial departments to the position of managing editor, which office he resigned in 1884, when called upon to fill a high position in the government of his native province. During these twenty years, he did not confine his writing exclusively to his own province, but contributed to various journals abroad. For fourteen years he was connected with the Toronto Globe, as Nova Scotia correspondent. In 1882, at a convention of the Liberal party held at Halifax, after the resignation of the Thompson government, the positions of premier and provincial secretary were offered to Mr. Fielding, but he declined the honor. He, however, entered the administration of the Hon. W. T. Pipes, on the 22nd of December, of the same year, without a portfolio, having previously declined the offer of a seat in it. In May, 1884, he resigned. On the retirement of the Hon. W. T. Pipes, on the 15th of July following, he was called upon to reorganize the cabinet, which he succeeded in doing, and became premier and provincial secretary, on the 28th of July, 1884, and this position he still holds. He was first returned to the House of Assembly at the general election held in 1882, re-elected on his accepting office, 20th of August, 1884, and again at the last general election in 1886. The Hon. Mr. Fielding is a Liberal in politics, and favors the withdrawal of the Maritime provinces from the Canadian confederation, and the formation of a Maritime union. As will be seen, he has for the past five years played an important part in the politics of his country, and being yet a comparatively young man, there is yet a brilliant future before him. In religion, he is attached to the Baptist church. On the 7th of September, 1876, he was married to Hester, daughter of Thomas A. Rankine, of St. John, New Brunswick.

Hetherington, George A., M.D., L.M. (Dublin), St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Johnston, New Brunswick, on the 17th March, 1851. His father, James Grierson Hetherington, was of English descent, his father (the grandfather of the subject of our sketch) having been born in England, and came out to St. John, N.B., about seventy years ago, and established a merchant tailoring business there, which was one of the first in that then very young and small city. Mary Jane Clark, his mother, was a native of New Brunswick, and of U. E. loyalist descent. George A. Hetherington received the rudiments of his education at the place of his birth; then he went to the Normal School at St. John, N.B., where he took a teacher’s certificate in 1860, and taught school for a short time. Subsequently, for two years, he attended the Baptist Seminary at Fredericton, N.B., and then spent a year in the medical department of the University of Michigan, United States. He then received an appointment in the Washtenaw Almshouse Hospital and Insane Asylum, as resident physician, and this office he held for a year, during which period he took a partial course, after the first year’s full course, in the same university. He then went to Cincinnati, where he further prosecuted his studies in medicine and surgery in the General Hospital and in the Cincinnati College, and graduated M.D., in 1875. Returning to his native country he successfully practised his profession for nearly five years, and then went to Great Britain. Here he spent a short period in the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, and then went to Dublin, where he took the full qualification of Rotunda Hospital for Women (Lic.Mid.); also a special course certificate for diseases of women and children. After this Dr. Hetherington received an appointment in the same hospital as assistant clinical instructor and clerk, having charge of an extensive maternity department. At the close of his engagement he returned to St. John, N.B., in 1882, and began a general practice, and is now one of the leading practitioners of that city. He is a licentiate of the Council of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick; and a member of the British Medical Association. In 1871 he attended the Military School at Fredericton, N.B., and was the recipient of a second-class certificate. In 1877 he was appointed coroner for the county of Queens, and, after removing to St. John, surgeon to the St. John Firemen’s Mutual Relief Association in 1885. The doctor is also a past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias; supreme vice-chief ranger of the Independent Order of Foresters, and past high physician of the same order, and a member of the brotherhood of Freemasons. He has travelled considerably, having visited all the important points in the Maritime provinces, Quebec, Ontario, the Eastern States, New York, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, and Great Britain and Ireland. In politics he is a Liberal; and in religion a Baptist. He was married on 5th September, 1876, to Sybil McIntyre, of Sussex, New Brunswick.

Wallace, Joseph James, Truro, Nova Scotia, Superintendent of the Halifax and St. John District of the Intercolonial Railway, was born in Albert county, New Brunswick, on the 20th of April, 1847. His parents were David and Mary Wallace. Mr. Wallace received his education in the High School, Hillsboro’, New Brunswick. He entered the service of the European and North-American Railway Company, on the 25th of May, 1865, and continued in its service until November, 1872, during which period he filled the various positions of telegraph operator at Salisbury, New Brunswick; clerk and telegraph operator in the superintendent’s office, at St. John, New Brunswick; station master, telegraph operator, and postmaster, at Salisbury, New Brunswick; assistant accountant in the superintendent’s office, at St. John, New Brunswick; and in November, 1872, and on the absorption of the above railway by the Intercolonial Railway Company, he was made auditor of the latter company. This office he held until May, 1883, when he was appointed to the more important position of superintendent of the Halifax and St. John district, which office he holds to-day. Mr. Wallace has shewn by his integrity, industry, and perseverance, what a young man can do when he once determines to rise in his profession. In 1870, he joined the Masonic brotherhood, and is now a past master of his parent lodge. In May 26th, 1868, he was married to Ruth M. Hopper, and the fruit of this union has been five children, three of whom survive.

Loranger, Hon. Louis Onesime, one of the judges of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, with place of residence in Montreal, was born at Ste. Anne d’Yamachiche, on the 10th April, 1837. He is the son of Joseph Loranger and Marie Louise Dugal, and a brother to the late Hon. Justice T. J. J. Loranger, commandeur of the Order of Pius IX., who died in 1885; to the late Rev. C. A. Loranger, and to J. M. Loranger, Queen’s counsel, now practising at the bar of Montreal. Justice Loranger was educated at the College of Montreal, where he went through a brilliant course of classical studies, and was admitted to the bar of the province of Quebec on the 3rd of May, 1858. He at once entered into partnership with his two brothers, the late Hon. T. J. J. Loranger, who was then a member of the Macdonald-Cartier administration, and J. M. Loranger, Q.C. He continued in active practice of the law until the 5th of August, 1882, when he was appointed to the puisné judgeship of the Superior Court of Quebec, the position he now holds. In February, 1868, Judge Loranger was elected an alderman of the city of Montreal, and twice re-elected by acclamation. In 1874, the citizens of Montreal, wishing to recognize the important services he had rendered the city, elected him vice-president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, and president of the committee entrusted with the organization of the celebration of the Fête Nationale of that year. The sister societies had been invited to co-operate, and the invitation met with a hearty response from all parts of the American union and the Dominion of Canada, delegates being sent from every society on the continent, and in some cases societies themselves coming to Montreal with their full membership. The idea of the St. Jean Baptiste Society, as founded by the late Ludger Duvernay, in 1834, had been to form a tie of cohesion among the diverse groups of French Canadians who were divided among themselves, and bring them all under one banner, with “Our Religion and Our Language” as motto. Mr. Duvernay, the first journalist of note among the French, was the first to understand that if the systematic course of petty persecution which obtained in his days were not stopped, the French Canadian element would soon be lost in the flood of British emigration then setting in towards this fair country. The Briton, with his keen commercial insight and his eminent qualities as a colonist, had discovered that the land which Voltaire had described as “a few acres of snow-covered ground” had a future before it, and he at once resolved to make the country what it is to-day. The St. Jean Baptiste Society struggled on for several years with a slight membership and scanty financial resources until 1860, when a determined effort was made to place it on an efficient footing. Then with the help of such men as Cartier, Langevin, L. O. David, the Lorangers, and scores of others who were carried forward by the enthusiasm and patriotic fire of their leaders, it took gigantic strides, and to-day it numbers over one hundred thousand members. In 1874, Mr. L. O. Loranger, as a member of the executive committee of the society, rendered great services. In July, 1875, Judge Loranger presented himself for the first time to the electorate of the county of Laval, and was sent to the Legislative Assembly as a supporter of the de Boucherville administration. An unswerving adherent of the Conservative party, he was soon recognized as one of its leaders, and considered one of the strongest debaters in the Assembly. He took a leading part in the discussion on the Letellier coup d’état. He was re-elected three times consecutively by acclamation in his county. After the defeat of the Joly administration he was offered the portfolio of attorney-general, which he accepted (November, 1879), and retained until his elevation to the bench in 1882. The codification of the Provincial statutes and the judicial reforms now being completed (1887), were commenced when he was attorney-general under the Chapleau-Loranger administration. Judge Loranger is a hard worker, having in the midst of his parliamentary duties attended to the needs of an extensive clientèle, and he was considered one of the most noted lawyers of the Montreal bar. He is a fluent and graceful speaker; he is also distinguished for his practical mind, sound judgment, and impressive, though cautious, disposition. He married, on the 3rd October, 1867, Marie Rosalie, daughter of the late Hon. M. Laframboise, founder of Le National, who afterwards was appointed one of the judges of the Superior Court for the province of Quebec, and Rosalie Dessaulles, a niece of the late Hon. Louis Joseph Papineau. Mrs. Loranger died in 1883, leaving seven children, three sons and four daughters.

Alexander, Rev. Finlow, M.R.C.S., (England), and L.S.A., sub-Dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born on the 17th April, 1834, at Walkhampton, near Tavistock, Devonshire, England. He is a son of the late Rev. Daniel Alexander, M.A., vicar of Bickleigh, near Plymouth, England. The Rev. F. Alexander received his educational training at Mount Pleasant House Academy, Milbay Road, Plymouth, and subsequently at Marlborough College, in Wiltshire. After leaving school, in 1850, he entered on the study of medicine at the Middlesex Hospital, London; and in 1855 received the diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons, adding in 1857 that also of the Society of Apothecaries, Blackfriars Bridge, London. After visiting the East, in the employ, as a surgeon, of the Peninsular and Oriental Company, Mr. Alexander, in 1860, came to Canada, and engaged for three years in the practice of his profession, at Gore’s Landing, Ontario. In 1863 he married Anna Cecille, daughter of Thomas S. Gore, of Gore Mount, county Antrim, Ireland; and determining on taking holy orders, removed to Cobourg, Ontario, where he pursued the studies necessary to that end, under the direction of the Venerable Archdeacon Bethune, afterwards Bishop of Toronto. In February, 1866, Mr. Alexander was admitted to the diaconate by the Right Rev. Bishop Strachan; and in May, 1867 was ordained to the priesthood. He was appointed in the first place to the curacy of Port Hope, Ontario, in 1866; and in the following year was transferred, on the death of the rector, the Rev. Jonathan Shortt, D.D., to the curacy of Guelph, Ontario. This appointment he held until the resignation of the rector, the Venerable Archdeacon Palmer, in 1875. In the autumn of that year the offer was made to him by the bishop of the diocese of Fredericton, New Brunswick, now Metropolitan of Canada, of the position of sub-dean in his cathedral; this office he accepted and still (1887) retains.

Ross, Hon. David Alexander, Q.C., Barrister, “Westfield,” St. Foye Road, Quebec city, member of the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec, was born at Quebec, on the 12th March, 1819. His father was the late John Ross, who for many years filled the position of joint prothonotary of the King’s Bench, at Quebec. His mother, Margaret Ross, was a native of Prince Edward Island. His paternal grandfather, John Ross, who was born in Tain, Ross-shire, Scotland, with a number of other Highlanders, formed themselves into a volunteer company to fight during the French war only, and having been attached to the 78th Highland regiment, were among the brave men who in the pitchy darkness of the early morn of the 13th September, 1759, climbed, with the immortal Wolfe, the cliffs near Cape Diamond, Quebec, and won for Great Britain, on the Plains of Abraham, one of the finest possessions of the British Crown. Mr. Ross was severely wounded in the engagement; and after the conquest he became a citizen of Quebec, and commanded a company of militia in 1776, when Montgomery and Arnold attempted to retake Quebec, and did good service for the Crown. The Hon. Mr. Ross received a classical education in the school taught by the late Dr. Daniel Wilkie, and at the Seminary of Quebec, and then followed a course of civil and Roman law at the University of Laval. He is conversant with both languages. He adopted law as a profession; was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1848, and appointed a Queen’s counsel in 1873. Being fully imbued with the spirit of his ancestors, he entered the Military College, and obtained a first-class certificate for company and battalion drill; and during the first Fenian invasion raised a company of fifty men, fully equipped, and ready to march to the frontier when called upon. He is now a lieutenant-colonel in the militia. He entered political life in 1878, and was returned to the Quebec legislature, at the general election of that year, for the county of Quebec, and sat for that constituency until the general election of 1881, when he withdrew from politics for a time. On the 8th March, 1878, he was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and became attorney-general in the Joly administration, and held office until the 30th of October, 1879, when he resigned with his colleagues. In 1887 he was called to the Legislative Council of his native province, and was appointed a member of the Hon. Mr. Mercier’s cabinet, without a portfolio. The Hon. Mr. Ross is a director of the Lake St. John Railway. For several years he was president of the St. Andrew’s Society; of the Quebec Literary and Historical Society; of the Quebec Auxiliary Bible Society; and has been twice elected bâtonnier (president) of the Quebec bar. He has made himself very familiar with the Dominion of Canada, and has found time from his numerous duties to visit the United States of America, England, Scotland, France, Italy, Spain, Gibraltar, Sicily and Egypt, and upwards of fifty cities and towns. In politics Mr. Ross is a Liberal; and in religion an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married in March, 1872, to Harriet Ann Valentine, widow of the late James Gibb, in his lifetime one of the leading merchants of Quebec.

Ingram, Andrew B., St. Thomas, M.P.P. for West Elgin, was born on 23rd April, 1851, at Strabane, county of Wentworth, Ontario, and is the second son of Thomas and Mary Ann Ingram, of that place. His paternal grandfather, Andrew Ingram, was a native of the county Tyrone, Ireland, and served his country for nineteen years under Lord Wellington, participating in the Peninsular campaign, as well as Quatre Bras and Waterloo. The subject of our sketch received a common school education at Morristown, Ontario, and his early youth was passed in agricultural pursuits. Becoming dissatisfied with a rural life, he bade adieu to the farm and proceeded to London, where his uncle, who was a resident of that city, prevailed upon him to learn a trade. Having selected that of a collarmaker, he served the usual apprenticeship, and in 1870 was duly accredited a journeyman. For some years he labored at the occupation of his choice. In August, 1879, he connected himself with the Canada Southern Railway, commencing at the foot of the ladder as brakeman, and by strict attention to the duties of that position, soon won the confidence of the officials, and was promoted to a conductorship. A place was then offered to him on the Wisconsin Central in a similar capacity, which he accepted, but owing to unforeseen circumstances, he resigned and returned to St. Thomas, when he entered the employ of the Grand Trunk Company, and faithfully performed the duties assigned him for about three years, when he was elected standard-bearer by the Conservatives of West Elgin, on the 15th July, 1886. When it came to the knowledge of his employers that he had been selected to contest West Elgin, they notified him to decline the honor or leave the service. After consulting his friends, he decided on the latter course, and entered into active politics. When the general elections were held on the 28th December, 1886, he was declared elected to represent West Elgin in the Ontario legislature, and has since served in the capacity of representative. Mr. Ingram took an active part in the formation of the St. Thomas Feather Bone Company, in which he is a stockholder, and which promises to become one of the leading enterprises in the city of his adoption. He joined Forest City lodge, I.O.O.F., London, on the 21st August, 1871, and remained an active worker in the same until the 5th November, 1877, when he took his withdrawal card. In 1881 he joined the Brakemen’s Benevolent Association of Canada and the United States, served as president one term, and was elected grand vice-president at a convention held in Brockville in March, 1882. On the 25th June, 1885, he joined Local Assembly Knights of Labor, St. Thomas; and in July of the same year attached himself to Headlight Assembly, No. 4,069. He served as master workman of the same for two terms; and was elected a member of District Assembly, No. 138, in which he holds the position of statistician. He was a delegate to the General Assembly convened at Richmond, Va., U.S., on 8th October, 1886. He originated the St. Thomas Trades and Labor Council in January, 1886, and was elected its first vice-president for the first term, president for the second term, and now fills the position of honorary president. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Foresters. Mr. Ingram has taken an active part in provincial, federal and municipal politics since confederation, in the counties of Wellington, Perth, Huron, Essex, and Elgin, and been a hard worker in various Conservative associations. He held a position of trust under the Clarke administration in Manitoba, and was one of the sheriff’s posse who arrested Andrew Nault and others for complicity in the murder of Thomas Scott. Although returned to parliament as a Liberal-Conservative, Mr. Ingram has ever in view and will support any measure brought forward that will advance the true interests of the toiling masses, who in him have an able and conscientious advocate, and who from actual experience is conversant with the disadvantages under which they labor. In religious matters he is an adherent of the Episcopal church. And to sum him up in a few words, is an able, honest man, who commands the respect of the community which he so ably represents. In 1882 he married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Allen McIntyre, of Aberfoyle, whose great grandfather was the Earl of Home, a Scottish nobleman.

McGee, Hon. Thomas D’Arcy, B.C.L., M.R.I.A., was born on the 13th of April, 1825, at Carlingford, Ireland. His father, James McGee, was in the coast-guard service, and his mother was Dorcas Catharine Morgan, a daughter of a Dublin bookseller, who had been imprisoned and financially ruined by his participation in the conspiracy of 1798. Both on his father’s and his mother’s side he was descended from families remarkable for their devotion to the cause of Ireland. When he was eight years of age his family removed to Wexford, and shortly afterwards he suffered a heavy blow in the death of his mother. Of his father he was wont to speak as an honest, upright, religious man; but his mother he loved to describe as a woman of extraordinary elevation of mind, an enthusiastic lover of her country, its music, its legends, and its wealth of ancient lore. Herself a good musician and a fine singer, it was to the songs of her ancient race she rocked her children’s cradle, and from her dear voice her favorite son, the subject of our sketch, drank in his music. His passionate and inextinguishable love for the land of his birth, her story and her song, may be traced to the same source. He attended a day school in Wexford, obtaining there the only formal education he ever received. But the boyish years of the future statesman and historian were not passed in mean or frivolous pursuits. His love for poetry and for old-world lore grew with his growth, and by the age of seventeen he had read all that had come within his reach relating to the history of his own and other lands. He was a little over seventeen, and seeing little prospect of advancement at home, he, with one of his sisters, emigrated to America. After a short visit to his aunt in Providence, Rhode Island, he arrived in Boston, just at the time the “repeal movement” was in full strength amongst the Irish population of that city, warmly aided by some of the prominent public men of America of that day. He arrived in Boston in June, 1842, and on the 4th July he addressed the people. The eloquence of the boy-orator enchained the multitudes who heard him then, as the more finished speeches of his later years were wont “the applause of list’ning senates to command.” A day or two later he was offered and accepted a situation on the Boston Pilot, and became chief editor two years later. It was a critical period in the history of the Irish race in America; they were proscribed and persecuted on American soil, disgraceful riots occurring in Philadelphia, which resulted in the sacking and burning of two Catholic churches. With all the might of his eloquence, young McGee advocated the cause of his countrymen and coreligionists against the hostile party, the “Native Americans,” as they were called. This outburst of fanaticism soon subsided, but the popularity which the young Irish editor gained during the struggle continued to grow and flourish until O’Connell himself referred to his splendid editorials as the “inspired writings of a young exiled Irish boy in America.” He was invited by the proprietor of the Dublin Freeman’s Journal, the leading Irish paper, to become its editor. So at the age of twenty he took his place in the front rank of the Irish press. But the Freeman was too moderate in its tone, so he accepted an offer from his friend, Charles Gavin Duffy, to assist him in editing The Nation, in conjunction with Thomas Davis, John Mitchell, and Thomas Devin Reilly. In such hands The Nation became the organ of the “Young Ireland” party. The immediate result was the secession of the war party from the ranks of the National or Old Ireland party led by O’Connell. But the end came, and a sad end it was. The great “Liberator” died, while on foreign travel, a broken-hearted man. Famine had stricken the land, and the “Young Irelanders” were ripe for rebellion. McGee was one of those deputed to rouse the people to action, and after the delivery of a speech at Roundwood he was arrested, but soon after obtained his release. Nothing daunted by his first mishap, he agreed to go to Scotland, for the purpose of enlisting the sympathy of the Irish in the manufacturing towns, and obtaining their co-operation in the contemplated insurrection. He was in Scotland when the news reached him that the “rising” had been attempted in Ireland, and had signally failed—that some of the leaders had been arrested, and a reward offered for the apprehension of himself, and others who had effected their escape. He had been married less than a year before, and a fair young wife anxiously awaited his return. He succeeded in crossing in safety to Ireland, and in the far north was sheltered by Dr. Maginn, the bishop of Derry. Here he was visited by his wife, as he would not leave Ireland without seeing and bidding her farewell. He left Ireland in the disguise of a priest, and landed in Philadelphia on the 10th October, 1848, and on the 26th day of the same month appeared the first number of his New York Nation. Feeling sore at the utter failure of his party in Ireland, Mr. McGee threw the blame of the failure on the priesthood, which brought him in conflict with Bishop Hughes, who defended the Irish clergy, and as a consequence the New York Nation never recovered the effect of this controversy. In 1850 he removed to Boston, and commenced the publication of the American Celt. During the first two years of the Celt’s existence, it was characterized by nearly the same revolutionary ardor, but there came a time when the great strong mind of its editor began to soar above the clouds of passion and prejudice into the region of eternal truth. He began to see that the best way of raising his countrymen was not by impracticable utopian schemes of revolution, but by teaching them the best of their possibilities, to cultivate among them the acts of peace, and to raise themselves, by the ways of peaceful industry and enlightenment to the level of their more prosperous sister island. Some years after Mr. McGee transferred his publication office to Buffalo. Besides his editorial duties, he delivered lectures throughout the cities of the United States and Canada to crowded audiences. At a convention of leading Irishmen, convened in Buffalo by Mr. McGee, for the purpose of considering the subject of colonization on the broad prairies for his countrymen, instead of herding together in “tenement houses,” he was strongly urged by Canadian delegates to take up his abode in Montreal. After some negotiation on the subject, he sold out his interest in the American Celt, and removed with his family to Montreal, where he at once commenced the publication of a journal called The New Era. Before the end of his first year in Montreal he was elected as one of three members for Montreal, although his election had been warmly contested. It was not long before he began to make his mark in the legislative halls of his new country, and before the close of his first session, the Irish member for Montreal was recognized as one of the most popular men in Canada. Yet, at times, his early connection with the revolutionary party was made the subject of biting sarcasm. On one of these occasions, when being twitted with having been a “rebel” in former years, he replied: “It is true, I was a rebel in Ireland in 1848. I rebelled against the mis-government of my country by Russell and his school. I rebelled because I saw my countrymen starving before my eyes, while my country had her trade and commerce stolen from her. I rebelled against the Church establishment in Ireland; and there is not a liberal man in the community who would not have done as I did, if he were placed in my position, and followed the dictates of humanity.” About the year 1865 he was presented by his friends in Montreal and other cities with a handsome residence in one of the best localities in that city, as a mark of their esteem. In 1862 he accepted the office of president of the Executive Council, and also filled the office of provincial secretary. It was during this active time that he completed his “History of Ireland,” in two 12mo volumes. In 1865 Mr. McGee visited his native land, and while staying with his father in Wexford delivered a speech in that city on the condition of the Irish in America, which gave offence to his countrymen in the United States, as he took pains to show that a larger proportion of them became more demoralised and degraded in that country than in Canada. In 1867 he was sent to Paris by the Canadian Government as one of the commissioners from Canada to the great Exposition held in Paris. From there he went to Rome as one of a deputation from the Irish inhabitants of Montreal, on a question concerning the affairs of St. Patrick’s congregation in that city. In London he met, by previous appointment, some of his colleagues in the Canadian Cabinet, who had gone to England to lay before the imperial government the plan of the proposed union of the British provinces. In the important deliberation which followed he took a leading part. He was then minister of agriculture and emigration, which office he continued to hold up to the time when, in the summer of 1867, the confederation was at last effected. But with all his great and well deserved popularity, and the high position he had attained amongst the statesmen of the Dominion, he had made for himself bitter enemies by his open and consistent opposition to the Fenian movement, in which he saw no prospect of permanent good for Ireland. But it was in regard to Canada and their avowed intention of invading that country that he most severely denounced them. He rightly considered that it was a grievous wrong to invade a peaceful country like Canada, only nominally dependent on Great Britain, and where so many thousands of Irishmen were living happily and contentedly under just and equitable laws of the people’s own making. At the general election of 1867 he secured his seat, but only after a severe struggle, the Fenian element of his countrymen doing all in their power to secure his defeat. The victory, however, cost him dear, for the evil passions of the basest and most degraded of his countrymen had been excited against him, and he was thenceforth a doomed man. On the very night preceding his cruel murder he delivered one of the noblest speeches ever heard within the walls of a Canadian parliament on the subject of cementing the lately formed union of the provinces by bonds of mutual kindness and good-will. He had reached the door of his temporary home, when a lurking assassin stole from his place of concealment, and coming close behind, shot him through the head, causing instantaneous death. This was on the morning of April 7th, 1868. His body was removed to Montreal, where a public funeral was held, the streets along the procession being lined by regiments of the British army. St. Patrick’s Church, in which his obsequies were solemnised, was crowded with Protestants and other leading citizens to mourn over the great loss the country sustained by his death. McGee had outgrown long before his death the antipathy that many had to him on his arrival in Montreal. With the Montreal Caledonian Society especially he was a great favorite, and his orations at their concerts were the special feature of the evening. At their annual celebration of “Hallowe’en,” when it is customary to read prize poems on that old Scotch festival, of forty-six poems sent in competition on the Hallowe’en following his death, thirty-seven contained some touching allusion to that sad event. From one of the poems to which prizes were awarded, we quote the following stanzas: —

Dunnet, Thomas, Hat and Fur Manufacturer, Toronto, was born in the Royal burgh of Wick, Caithness-shire, Scotland, on the 21st April, 1847. His parents were William Dunnet and Janet Black, both natives of Caithness; and Mr. Dunnet carried on the saddling business for many years in Wick. He died about twelve years ago, and his widow is now a resident of Portobello, near Edinburgh. Young Dunnet received his education at the Free Church School in Wick, where he graduated. He then for a number of years acted as one of the teachers in the same school, and subsequently removed to the city of Aberdeen. Here he remained for about nine months as organization master in Charlotte street school. Feeling dissatisfied with the prospects in his native country, he determined to leave for America, and reached Kingston in Canada, in 1866. In the Limestone City he found employment as a teacher, and for about eighteen months he taught young Canada in Barriefield school. A more lucrative situation offering as purser on board a steamer plying between Kingston and Cape Vincent, Mr. Dunnet bade farewell to the scholastic profession, and since then has devoted his attention to mercantile pursuits. He began business in Toronto as “Briggs & Dunnet,” in 1880, and six years afterwards Mr. Briggs retired, leaving Mr. Dunnet sole partner. Since then the business has steadily increased, so much so that in February, 1887, he took into partnership Malcolm McPherson, and these two are now the members forming the firm of Dunnet, McPherson & Co., hat and fur manufacturers, Front street, Toronto. Mr. Dunnet is in politics a staunch Reformer, and in religion may be classed among the Liberal-Christians. He was married in June, 1875, to Jessie McCammon, daughter of Robert McCammon, of Kingston, Ontario.

Doutre, Joseph, Q.C., Montreal.—The late Mr. Doutre was born at Beauharnois, in 1825, educated at Montreal College, and admitted to the bar in 1847. The history of his life is that of the struggles of his countrymen for civil and religious liberty, and is therefore of more than personal interest. His ancestors were from the old province of Roussillon, in the department of Pyrenées-Orientales. His grandfather came from the immediate neighborhood of Perpignan, and had hardly arrived in Canada when the country passed under the dominion of England. In 1844, at the age of eighteen, his first work, a romance of five hundred pages, entitled “Les Fiancés de 1812” (The Betrothed of 1812), was published. He was an early adherent of the Institut Canadien, and ever since the warm friend of that institution, which obtained its charter under his presidency. As soon as L’Avenir newspaper had taken a fair start, in 1848, Mr. Doutre became one of its contributors. He was a liberal contributor to the press, and most of the journals of the province have at times published contributions from him. In 1848 he published “Le Frère et la Sœur,” which was afterwards republished in Paris. In 1851 he was the author of the laureate essay paid for by the late Hon. Mr. de Boucherville, on “The Best Means of Spending Time in the Interests of the Family and the Country.” In 1852 was published “Le Sauvage du Canada.” To these should be added a series of biographical essays on the most prominent political men of that date, which appeared in L’Avenir. As one of the secretaries of the association formed in 1849 for the colonisation of the townships, he was instrumental in starting the first settlements of Roxton and its vicinity. In 1853 Mr. Doutre took the direction of the great struggle for the abolition of the feudal tenure, and by means of meetings held throughout the country, and diligence and care in the preparation of practical measures, the agitation came to a crisis at the general election of 1854, when the parliament, filled with moderate abolitionists, passed a law which did away with this mediæval system of land tenure, to the mutual satisfaction both of the seigneurs and tenants. Another campaign began immediately after, for making the legislative council elective, instead of being nominated by the Crown, and a law was passed to this effect in 1856, at which time Mr. Doutre was requested to stand as candidate for the division of Salaberry, but he was defeated. In 1858 there commenced, in a decided manner on the part of the Roman Catholic bishop of Montreal, the long looming work of destruction against everything which gave manifestation of life in the minds of educated Catholics. Mr. Doutre stood foremost in the hand-to-hand battle which followed, and the victory was a painful one, being achieved in the face of the conscientious opposition of many friends. In 1861 he accepted, under party pressure, the candidature of Laprairie, which resulted in another defeat. This election, however, had the good effect of drawing attention to the evil system of two days polling, as it was evident that his first day’s majority had been upset by large sums of money being brought into play upon the second day. This is the last time we find the subject of our remarks in the arena of politics. He subsequently devoted himself entirely to his profession. In 1863 he became Queen’s counsel. In 1866 he delivered a lecture before the Institut Canadien, on “The Charters of Canada,” a remarkably concise and complete synopsis of the political constitution of the country under the French government. In the same year he was entrusted with the defence of Lamirande, the French banking defaulter, whose extradition was sought for before our courts. After the kidnapping of the man, when he was about to be released, he followed up the demand for his restoration to the jurisdiction of our courts, through the Foreign Office, in London, to a point when the British and French governments were very seriously out of harmony, when Lamirande solved the difficulty by surrendering all claims to further negotiations. In 1869, the refusal of the Roman Catholic authorities to bury Guibord, because he was a member of the Institut Canadien, brought Mr. Doutre face to face with the necessity of choosing between a direct contest with the authorities of his church or renouncing his right to belong to a literary society, which implied the right of any personal liberty of action. His choice in this matter entailed political ostracism, and imposed upon him the most arduous task of following the case in question from court to court, through all the degrees of jurisdiction in Canada, in order to obtain the burial of Guibord, and of continuing the same in England, where he went to argue before the Privy Council, not only without fee, but at daily expense, finally winning the case; and Guibord was buried in Côte des Neiges Cemetery by order of the Queen’s mandate. The Institut Canadien handed over its valuable library of eight thousand volumes to the Frazer Institute, and is now open gratuitously to the public. Mr. Doutre died on the 3rd of February, 1886, and was buried, at his own request, in Mount Royal Cemetery (Protestant), his remains being followed to the grave by the leading citizens of all denominations and nationalities.

Thorne, William Henry, Hardware Merchant, St. John, New Brunswick, was born on the 12th September, 1844, in St. John, N.B. His father, Edward L. Thorne, came from Granville, Nova Scotia, settled in St. John, in 1814, and was for many years one of the leading business men of that city. The members of the Thorne family who first settled in Granville, N.S., were of the old loyalist stock who left New York on the close of the revolutionary war and came over to the Maritime provinces. The mother of the subject of our sketch was Susan Scovil, and her parents settled in New Brunswick about the same time as the Thornes did in Nova Scotia, and belonged to the same body of loyalists who refused to sever their allegiance with the mother country. W. H. Thorne was educated at the Grammar School in St. John, and afterwards adopted the mercantile profession. He had several years’ experience as clerk with the firm of J. & F. Burpee & Co.; and commenced the hardware and metal business on his own account, in 1867. In 1873 he admitted R. O. Scovil as a partner. This gentleman having died in 1884, Mr. Thorne continued the business, taking into partnership, in 1885, two young men who had been in his employ for several years—namely, Arthur T. Thorne and T. Carlton Lee, and who are still members of the firm, and actively engaged in the business, under the style of W. H. Thorne & Co. The business of this firm has steadily grown until it is now amongst the largest in the Maritime provinces. The stock kept by it is the largest and best selected of its kind in the province, and their travellers may be daily met with in Quebec, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Mr. Thorne, the head of the firm, takes a deep interest in everything that tends to advance the interests of his native city. He is a vice-president of the Board of Trade, and is connected with several other useful institutions. He is a progressive man, and may be classed among the Liberals; and in religious matters he is an adherent of the Episcopal church.

Creelman, Hon. Samuel, Round Bank, Upper Stewiacke, member of the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia, was born at Upper Stewiacke, Colchester county, Nova Scotia, 19th November, 1808. He is a son of William and Hannah (Tupper) Creelman, his father being the grandson of Samuel Creelman, who with his family emigrated from Newton Limavady, county of Londonderry, Ireland, in 1760. After residing for a time in Lunenburg and Halifax, he settled in Amherst, and at the time of the taking the census in 1872, was possessed of the largest stock of cattle owned in the township. Thence he removed to the locality now known as Princeport, Truro. His eldest son, Samuel, was one of the original grantees of the Upper Stewiacke grant, where he settled with his family in 1784, and where he died in 1834, aged 84 years. He became the possessor of sufficient land to furnish each of his six sons with a good sized farm on the river. Hannah Tupper, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was the great granddaughter of the late David Archibald, the eldest of the four Archibald brothers who emigrated to Truro from Londonderry, Ireland, by the way of New Hampshire, U.S. He was the first representative for Truro in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, and the first justice of the peace appointed in Truro. His name also stood at the head of the first list of Presbyterian elders in the Truro congregation. Her grandfathers, Colonel Robert Archibald and Eliakim Tupper, and Samuel Tupper, her father, all held the office of justice of the peace, and of elders in the Presbyterian Church. The Hon. Mr. Creelman received a common school education in Stewiacke, and studied for one winter under the late James Ross, D.D., Dalhousie College, at West River. He resided with his father and labored on the farm until of age, when, owing to delicacy of health, he spent a winter, as above stated, and in the spring followed teaching for a time, when he then engaged in trade, in which he was moderately successful. After his marriage he engaged in agricultural pursuits, which he has since followed. In 1842 he was appointed a justice of the peace, and a trustee of Truro Academy. Shortly after entering political life, he was elected in 1847 to represent the county of Colchester in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia and represented this constituency until 1851, when he was chosen for South Colchester, and from that year until 1855 he represented it, when he was defeated at the polls. He was financial secretary of the government from 1851 to 1856; and was appointed a member of the Legislative Council in 1860. He was leader of the opposition in the Assembly until the resignation of the Hill administration in 1878, when he accepted the portfolio of commissioner of public works and mines in the Thompson administration that followed. This office he held until the fall of the administration, which took place in 1882. At this time the Hon. Mr. Creelman was in London, England, as a delegate on behalf of his government, whose object was the carrying out an arrangement with a syndicate for consolidating the railways of Nova Scotia. The new government recalled him and appointed another delegate in his place, but shortly afterwards the scheme was abandoned. He was reappointed to the Legislative Council, in 1867. Hon. Mr. Creelman has been very active in promoting all measures for the advancement of education and temperance. He introduced the bill for the establishment of a Provincial Normal School; and was the chairman of the commission appointed by the government for the erection of the first Normal School building in Truro, in 1854. When financial secretary he supported the bill for the prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors, which was carried through the House of Assembly, but defeated in the Legislative Council. Here we may say that the Hon. Mr. Creelman is the oldest member of the Nova Scotia legislature, and that the Hon. Judge Henry is the only one now living (besides himself) who held a seat in it when he first entered it. He is a large shareholder in the Hopewell Woollen Mills Company, and was formerly the principal shareholder in the Mulgrave Woollen Company, Upper Stewiacke. In 1830 he joined a Temperance society, and has been a total abstainer ever since, and an earnest and efficient worker in the cause. In 1849 he became a Son of Temperance, and in 1868 was elected grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of Nova Scotia. He has been president of the Nova Scotia Alliance, and is a vice-president at present and a member of the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of North America, having been initiated in that body in 1871. In 1878 he occupied the position of president of the Sunday-school Convention for the Maritime Provinces, held at Truro. He is a life member of the Nova Scotia Bible Society, and a member of the Young Men’s Christian Association, Halifax. He has also been a member of the Historical Society of Halifax for some years past. In 1882 he visited London, Liverpool, and several cities in England; Edinburgh and Glasgow, in Scotland; Paris, in France; and Belfast, Newton Limavady and Derry, in Ireland. He and his father were both elected elders in the Presbyterian church in 1851. On several occasions Mr. Creelman has been sent as a delegate to the General Assembly of that church, and attended its meetings at Montreal, Ottawa, and Halifax; and he has also attended meetings of the Synod of the Maritime provinces in connection with the same religious body. He has been a Sabbath school teacher for over fifty years. Previous to confederation Hon. Mr. Creelman worked in union with the Liberal party, having for his associates Hon. Messrs. Howe, the Youngs, Archibald, Uniacke, etc., but since then he has become a Liberal-Conservative. Owing to the infirmities of age, especially defective hearing, he is now unable to take the very active part in the legislature and in other public bodies which he previously did. Round Bank, the farm on which he now resides, is within a mile of his birth place. When in government offices his residence was in Halifax. On the 11th February, 1834, he married Elizabeth Elliot Ellis, who still survives. She is the eldest daughter of the late John Ellis, whose father emigrated from the North of Ireland nearly 100 years ago. Her mother was the daughter of the late James Dechman, of Halifax, who came from Scotland many years ago.

Hind, Professor Henry Youle, M.A., Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born in Nottingham, England, on the 1st of June, 1823, and came to Canada in 1846. The family, on the paternal side, came originally from the county of Cumberland, England, where some of the old stock still remain on lands which have been in the family for several centuries. On the mother’s side (who was a Miss Youle), they came from Scotland, a portion of the Youle family having settled in Newark, Nottinghamshire, in 1680. Until the age of fourteen years, Henry was educated as a private pupil, jointly with his cousin, J. R. Hind, now the astronomer, by the Rev. W. Butler, head master of the Nottinghamshire Grammar School, then he was sent to Leipsic to the Handel Schule, where he remained two years. After two years further study in England, under the Rev. W. Butler, he went to Cambridge, where he resided several terms, but did not graduate, going to France for further proficiency in the French language. In 1846 he returned to England, and soon after sailed for America. In 1848 he was appointed mathematical master and lecturer in chemistry of the Provincial Normal School, Toronto, where he remained about five years, or until he accepted the chair of chemistry and geology, in the University of Trinity College, Toronto, and this chair he filled for thirteen years. In 1857, while still a professor in Trinity College, he was named by the Canadian government as geologist to the first Red River expedition. In 1858 he was placed in command of the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan exploring expedition. In 1860 the Imperial government published his reports on these expeditions; and in these blue books we find the first map of the now celebrated “fertile belt” of the North-West, as described and delineated by Professor Hind. In 1861, assisted by the Canadian government, he explored a portion of the interior of the Labrador peninsula, reaching, by Moisie river, the sources of the rivers which flow from the great Labrador plateau to Hudson Bay, the north-east Atlantic, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In his account of these explorations, published by Longmans, in 1863, Professor Hind first describes the then known extent and character of the Canadian fisheries. In 1864 he resigned his professorship in Trinity College to undertake a preliminary geological survey of New Brunswick, for the government of that province. Up to this date the literary work accomplished by the subject of this notice is as follows:—“The Canadian Journal;” a repertory of Industry, Science and Art. Edited 1852-1855. Three vols., quarto. Toronto: Maclear & Co. “Prize Report on the Improvement and Preservation of Toronto Harbor, 1854.” Published separately, also in “Canadian Journal” for 1855, with maps and plans. “Prize Essay on the Insects and Diseases injurious to the Wheat Crops,” pp. 139. Toronto: Lovell & Gibson, 1857. “Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition of 1857, and of the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition of 1858.” Two vols., with maps, wood cuts, and chromoxylographs. London: Longmans, 1860. “The Journal of the Board of Arts and Manufactures for Upper Canada.” Vols. I., II., III. Edited 1861-1863. Toronto: W. C. Chewitt & Co. “The British American Magazine.” Vols. I. and II. Edited 1863. Toronto: Rollo & Adam. “Explorations in the Interior of the Labrador Peninsula.” Two vols., with maps, wood cuts and chromo-lithographs. London: Longmans, 1863. “Eighty Years’ Progress of British North America.” Articles—“Physical Features of Canada;” “The North-West Territory,” &c., &c. Toronto, 1863. In 1866, his family growing up, Professor Hind purchased a property near Windsor, Nova Scotia, to facilitate the education of his sons, first at the Collegiate School, then at King’s College, the oldest Protestant chartered institution of learning in the provinces. In the years 1869, 1870, and 1871, under the instructions of the government of the Province of Nova Scotia, he conducted geological explorations to a considerable extent of the gold districts of that province. These are hereafter enumerated. In 1876 professional engagements led him to the mineral field of the north-eastern part of the Island of Newfoundland, and thence on the Atlantic coast of Labrador, nearly as far north as the town of Nain, or about 350 miles north of the Straits of Belle Isle. On this voyage of exploration Professor Hind discovered and mapped an extensive series of cod banks stretching for several hundred miles north-west of Belle Isle, and about twenty or thirty miles from the coast line. These are described in a paper addressed to the Hon. F. B. T. Carter, attorney-general of Newfoundland. This paper is also published in Part II., page 68, of the work on the Canadian fisheries, hereafter referred to. At the close of 1876 the Newfoundland government secured the services of Professor Hind for the year 1877 to examine and report on the newly-discovered cod banks, as far as Hudson’s Straits, but just as the Professor was starting from St. John’s, in May, 1877, on his northern exploration, a telegram from the government at Ottawa to the Newfoundland authorities was received which urged the necessity of his presence at the city of Halifax to assist in the scientific portion of the Canadian case in the fisheries contention then about to open. He was consequently compelled to relinquish his scientific investigations, and proceed forthwith to Ottawa. From Ottawa he went to Halifax, and remained there during the continuance of the arbitration. At its close, all the documents and records of proceedings on both sides were placed in his hands for analysis and indexing. The Analytical Index forms a quarto volume of sixty closely printed pages, and supplies the guide to the answers submitted during the examination of witnesses to a vast amount of matter connected with the six months fisheries inquiry at Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 1878 Professor Hind prepared for the Paris Exhibition a series of charts illustrating the movements of fish in the North Atlantic waters during summer and winter, together with the spring and fall spawning grounds of the herring, the coastal movements of the cod, the seasonal movements of the halibut, the summer and winter migrations and movements of the harp seal, &c. For this novel series the jury of “Class XVI.” awarded the professor a gold medal and a diploma. The present whereabouts of these fish charts is not known. They disappeared after the Paris exhibition, not having been returned to the author. The following are his further publications since 1863:—“Reports on the Waverley Gold District,” with geological maps and sections, 1869. Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “Report on the Sherbrooke Gold District, together with a paper on the Gneisses of Nova Scotia,” with maps, 1870. Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “Report on the Mount Uniacke, Oldham and Renfrew Gold Mining Districts,” with plans and sections, 1872. Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “Notes on the Northern Labrador Fishing Ground.” Blue book. St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1876. Also page 68, Part II., of “The effect of the Fishery clauses of the Treaty of Washington on the Fisheries and Fishermen of British North America.” Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “On the Influence of Anchor Ice in relation to Fish Offal and the Newfoundland Fisheries.” Parts I. and II. Official papers. St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1877. “The effect of the Fishery Clauses of the Treaty of Washington on the Fisheries and Fishermen of British North America.” Parts I. and II., imperial oct. With maps, sections, and diagrams. Part I., pp. 169; Part II., pp. 74. Halifax: Charles Annand, 1877. This work has been exhaustively and very favorably reviewed by Dr. Carpenter of the London University. See Nature, June 13th and 27th, 1878. This enumeration does not include various papers published in the journals of the Royal Geographical Society, London, of the Geological Society, the Society of Arts, and the Statistical Society, London, England. Professor Hind was married at York Mills, near Toronto, on February 7th, 1850, to Katharine, the second daughter of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Duncan Cameron, C.B., of the 79th Highlanders, who commanded the light companies of the Highland Brigade during the passage of the Nive and the Nivelle in the Peninsula campaign, and was wounded at Quatre Bras on the eve of Waterloo. Two of Professor Hind’s sons are clergymen of the Church of England; one, the Rev. Duncan Henry Hind, is rector of Sandwich, Province of Ontario; the other, the Rev. Kenneth Cameron Hind, M.A., is rector of Newport, near Windsor, Province of Nova Scotia.

Knowles, Charles Williams, Publisher, Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born in Newport, Nova Scotia, on July 3rd, 1849, and came with his family to Windsor when he was about five years of age, and here he has resided ever since. His father, Charles W. Knowles, who died at Windsor on the 15th of December, 1886, at the advanced age of eighty-one years, was one of the oldest inhabitants of Hants county, widely known in the district, and universally respected as an industrious, honest man, and a good citizen. His mother, Eliza Bacon, died in 1854. The Knowles family came originally from England, and are closely associated with the early history of Hants county. The founder of it was Captain Henry Knowles, a merchant, great grandfather of Charles Williams Knowles, the subject of our sketch. In 1756 he, with others, came from Newport, Rhode Island, and took up their abode at a place in Hants county, Nova Scotia, and bestowed on it the name of their old residence, and it is known by the name of Newport to the present day. There is a tradition in the family that the vessel in which the worthy captain came, in sailing up the St. Croix river with the tide, grounded on the flats opposite an island, which afterwards came into his possession, and is now called Knowles’ Island; and the farm Captain Henry Knowles owned, with this island, is still in the possession of the Knowles family, its present owner being W. H. Knowles, municipal councillor for Avondale. The captain was a widower, and had on board with him an infant son, named Jonathan. There was also on board his vessel, as a passenger, a Miss Williams, said to have been a near relative of the celebrated Roger Williams, the founder of Providence, Rhode Island. The captain and Miss Williams were both members of the Baptist denomination, which at that time was being cruelly persecuted in some of the New England states, and were in search of a place where they could worship God in accordance with their religious convictions. They naturally felt a deep interest in each other, and a mutual affection sprang up between them, which subsequently ended in marriage, and the fruit of the union was three sons, Nathan, Henry, and William, and two daughters, William becoming the grandfather of the subject of our sketch. The bodies of the brave captain and his devoted wife, and those of all the older members of his family, have for long years been mouldering to dust in their graves in the burying-ground on the old homestead property. Jonathan and his family are buried in Rawdon. Upon his tombstone there is the following rather quaint inscription: “Here rests the body of Jonathan Knowles, who gradually sank into the arms of death, falling asleep in the Redeemer, November 9th, 1821, in the 65th year of his age.” Branches of the Knowles family are resident in Rawdon, in Hants county, in Yarmouth county, and in New Brunswick, in the city of St. John, and in a village called by their name, Knowlesville. Charles received his education in the public schools in Windsor, and when about eighteen years of age became connected with journalism, and managed the Saturday Mail, a weekly local paper, then owned by M. A. Buckley. After a few years Mr. Knowles succeeded in purchasing this property, and having thrown more life into it, made it one of the best weekly papers in Nova Scotia. In 1883 he sold out the Mail, and for three years subsequently engaged in other pursuits; but in 1886 he again embarked in journalism, having purchased the Windsor Tribune, the paper he is now publishing. He has also an interest in the book and stationery business in Halifax; and elsewhere, and is the patentee of a valuable invention in connection with the manufacture of paper, which is used extensively in Great Britain. Mr. Knowles has proved himself an active and enterprising citizen, being a member of the town council of Windsor, and is also closely identified with various public and private undertakings. He was married in 1871, to Lydia Lockhart, of Falmouth, and has a family of five children.

Woodland, Rev. Jas. Barnaby, Pastor of “The Temple” Baptist church, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was born at Wallace, Nova Scotia, on the 13th of August, 1840. He is a son of the late Richard Woodland, who came from Ireland to America with his wife, Annie Coulter, shortly after their marriage. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch was an officer in the Home Guards during the Irish rebellion, and, on account of his loyalty to the Crown, suffered much in property and estate. Rev. Mr. Woodland was educated for the ministry at the Baptist Institutions at Wolfville, but failing health compelled him to retire before he completed the course. Being shut out from study, he started the Maritime Sentinel, a weekly newspaper, which he successfully conducted for several years, first at Oxford, and afterwards at Amherst, N.S. During this time he was twice nominated and several times solicited to become a candidate to represent the interests of Cumberland county in both the Local and Dominion parliaments, but always having in view a return to the ministry, he invariably declined. After quietly pursuing literary work and studies for some years, and regaining vigour, he sold out his newspaper, and re-entered the ministry. His first pastorate was in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, where he was ordained in 1878, and laboured for about seven years. He then removed to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, and accepted the pastorate of “The Temple,” one of the three Baptist churches in that city, which position he occupies at the present time. He held, during the period previous to his ordination to the ministry, several positions of trust indicative of public confidence. For years he acted as justice of the peace in the towns where he resided, and for four or five years was grand provincial secretary of the old order of British Templars. He was one of the committee who drafted the original constitution of the Dominion Alliance, and assisted to institute it at Montreal years ago, and has continued ever since to be a prominent advocate of temperance and prohibition, whose assistance in temperance campaign work is widely sought for over the Maritime provinces. He was for a long time one of the active leaders in the Independent Order of Good Templars, and resigned the office of grand chief in 1886. For several years he has been a member of the Baptist Home Mission Board, and is at present vice-president of that institution. He is a master Mason, and at the present time senior warden of Hiram lodge, No. 12, at Yarmouth, N.S. On the 28th of December, 1865, Rev. Mr. Woodland was united in marriage to Marie Julia Livingstone, eldest daughter of Angus Livingstone, a native of Scotland, and a relative of the late Dr. Livingstone, the African explorer.

Drummond, Andrew Thomas, B.A., LL.B., was born on the 18th of July, 1844, at Kingston, Ontario. His father, Andrew Drummond, was a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, being born there in 1811. He received a university education, and intended adopting the profession of writer to the Signet, but in 1833, he was invited to remove to Canada by his uncle, Robert Drummond, who was then executing extensive works on the Rideau Canal. A few months after his arrival in Canada, his uncle died from the Asiatic cholera of 1834, and he was then compelled to close up his uncle’s business. After accomplishing this, he entered the service of the Commercial Bank of Canada, at Kingston, and has occupied a prominent position in that and the Bank of Montreal, as manager in a number of the cities of Canada, for a period of fifty years. He retired in 1885, on a well earned competence, and is this year (1887) still in the enjoyment, at the age of seventy-six, of every faculty, having just completed, with his wife, a three months trip across the continent. In 1838, he married Margaret Sinclair, an adopted daughter and niece of the father of the Hon. O. Mowat. Miss Sinclair was born at Peterhead, Scotland, in 1816, where her father was a Custom-house officer, but he dying when she was a child, it fell to her lot to be provided for in Canada. Although seventy, she is still hale and healthy, and both, with their nine children still form a family unbroken by a death. Andrew Thomas Drummond, the subject of this sketch, was their third child, and when a few months old he removed to Bytown (now Ottawa), where his father was appointed manager of the Commercial Bank. Here he received his elementary education, and, at the age of nine, when his father was appointed manager of the Bank of Montreal at Kingston, he was sent to Queen’s College school, and began the study of Latin. In 1857, when he was scarce thirteen, he entered Queen’s College, after passing a successful entrance examination, and is believed to have been the youngest student to enter the college before, and perhaps since. He was always noted as extremely studious, and at the age of sixteen had taken his degree of B.A. at the university. During his university studies which he still continued, he developed a strong desire for the acquisition of a knowledge of geology and botany, and was a large collector of specimens, which in later years he presented to the college. In 1868, he received his degree of LL.B., and on leaving his college life, he decided upon the profession of a barrister. With this in view he entered the law office of Sir Alexander Campbell, at Kingston, and in 1866, passed his examination for barrister with much credit at Toronto. He practised in London, Ontario, with Mr. Abbott, and later on originated the law firm of Campbell & Drummond, at Ottawa. About 1869, an opportunity opened in Montreal for his engaging in commercial pursuits, and he removed thither, where he has since been largely interested in this line, much of it being in the development of the North-West. In this class of business he has been very successful, as he leans rather to the side of cautiousness than otherwise. He is a director in the Manitoba and North-Western Railway; a director in the Montreal and Western Land Company; trustee of Queen’s University, at Kingston; trustee of Trafalgar Institute, Montreal; and one of the editors of the Record of Science. He is author of the following articles:—In “Canadian Monthly,” “Imperial and Colonial Confederation, Our Public Indebtedness.” In “Canadian Naturalist,” “Observations on Canadian Geographical Botany;” “Catalogue of Canadian Lichens;” “Distribution of Plants in Canada, in some of its relations to Physical and Past Geological Conditions;” “Statistical Features of the Flora of Canada;” “Introduced and Spreading Plants of Canada;” “Botanical and Geological Notes.” In Montreal Horticultural Society’s Reports, “Canadian Timber Trees;” “Forestry in Canada.” In “Magazine of Science,” “Note on Canadian Forests.” In British Association Reports, “Distribution of Canadian Forest Trees in its relations to Climate.” In “Handbook for Canada,” published for British Association meeting, the article on “Forestry and Lower St. Lawrence Flora.” In “Record of Science,” “Our North-West Prairies, their Origin and Forests,” “The Distribution and Climatic Relations of British North American Plants;” “Affinities of the Tendrils in the Virginian Creeper.” In 1881, he married Florence Wonham, the eldest daughter of a well-known Montreal wholesale merchant, and has a family of two children.

Hewson, Charles Wentworth Upham, M.D., L.R.C.P., and L.M. (Edinburgh), Amherst, Nova Scotia, was born in Jolicure, New Brunswick, on the 28th February, 1844. His parents were William A. Hewson and Elizabeth Chandler. He received his education at the Sackville, Mount Allison, and St. Joseph colleges, New Brunswick, and adopted medicine as a profession. He began his practice in River Herbert, in Nova Scotia, and for eleven years carried it on very successfully. Then, in 1883, he went to Scotland, and for some time attended the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, where he took the degrees of L.R.C.P. and L.M. On his return he settled in Amherst, Nova Scotia, in May, 1884, where he has since enjoyed a lucrative practice. Dr. Hewson is coroner for the county of Cumberland. Some years ago he joined the Masonic fraternity, and takes an active interest in this ancient order of brotherhood. In politics the doctor is a Liberal, and in religion is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married on the 29th of December, 1874, to Mary E. Hapgood, a native of Calais, Maine. The fruit of this marriage has been four children, only two of whom survive, namely, Florence R. and Charles E.

Allison, Charles, Inspector of Weights and Measures, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was born at Kentville, Kings county, Nova Scotia, on the 22nd of September, 1821. His father was Samuel Leonard Allison, prothonotary of Kings county, who was grandson of Joseph Allison, who emigrated from Newton Limavady, a town on Lough Foyle, near Londonderry, Ireland, and settled in Horton, Kings county, Nova Scotia, in 1774. Joseph Allison, the great grandfather of the subject of our sketch, had four sons, namely: John, William, James and Joseph, and all the old stock of the Allisons in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia are descended from them. Many of this family have attained marked prominence, as witness: David Allison, LL.D., is the present Superintendent of Education of Nova Scotia; Charles Allison, the founder of Mount Allison University; Henry Allison, ex-M.P., and others that will occur to Maritime province readers. Of Joseph’s sons, Israel (deceased), was sheriff of Colchester, for some years; Jonathan (deceased), who was one of Halifax’s most successful business men; Edward (deceased), who removed to St. John, New Brunswick, and entered mercantile life. The latter gentleman was the father of Dr. Allison, and J. C. Allison, C.E., of St. John. Two other sons of Joseph, Henry and Joseph, died at an early age. Charles Allison’s mother was Sophia Barss, of Liverpool. Deacon Samuel Barss, the founder of the Barss family, was of English origin, settling in Connecticut, where he married a daughter of the celebrated John Alden, a contemporary and friend of Miles Standish. In the latter part of the last century, the family emigrated to Nova Scotia, and settled in Annapolis. Joseph Barss settled in Liverpool, and was the founder of the Queen’s county branch of the Barss family. At one time, while away with his vessel, he was captured by a French privateer and taken to France, where he was kept prisoner until exchanged. Charles Allison was first sent to the school at Kentville, in his native county, and afterwards attended for a time the academy at Liverpool, in Queens county, and picked up such an education as could be procured in these institutions in those early days. On leaving school he was sent to Halifax, where he became a clerk in a dry goods store, and served four years in this place. He then left Halifax, and joining his father and the rest of the family at Kentville, they shortly afterwards removed to Kempt, in Queens county, and bought a farm with some improvements. Here Mr. Allison resided for forty years. He took an active interest in military affairs, and in 1864, when the provincial militia was organized, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the 3rd Queens county regiment, and retired a few years ago, retaining his rank. He has held a number of public offices during his active life time. In 1858, he was appointed a justice of the peace; and in 1863, he entered the field of politics, was elected to a seat in the Provincial Legislature, for Queens county, and was one of the number who helped to carry the free school bill in 1866, and the following year the act for the confederation of the provinces. On the dissolution of the House of Assembly, and the formation of the new government, Mr. Allison was chosen commissioner of Mines and Works. In September, 1867, an appeal was made to the country, with the result that the whole “Union party” were defeated, Mr. Allison being among the number, with the exception of Sir Charles Tupper, in Cumberland, and Hon. Hiram Blanchard, the attorney-general, in Inverness. Mr. Allison has once since presented himself for legislative favours, but was defeated; he nevertheless continues to take an interest in all the measures that come up in the local and Dominion parliaments. In politics, he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion an adherent of the Baptist church. He was married at Caledonia, Queens county, on the 19th July, 1847, to Lavinia Freeman, whose grandfather, Simeon Freeman, of English Puritan descent, was the first male child born in Queens county. The fruit of this union has been nine children, seven of whom are living,—two boys, Henry and Charles Edward, and five daughters, four of whom are married, one a resident of Liverpool, Nova Scotia, and three residing with their husbands in Boston.

Lyman, Frederick Styles, B.A., B.C.L., Barrister, Montreal, was born in that city on the 6th of January, 1844. He is a son of Henry Lyman, senior partner of the firm of Lyman, Sons & Co., of Montreal, and Lyman Brothers & Co., of Toronto, president of the Citizens’ Insurance Company, and one of the directors of the Canada Shipping Company, etc. The Lymans came originally from Kent, in England, and were among the early settlers of Massachusetts, where a number of them still reside. Frederick received his primary education at the High School and McGill University, Montreal, and then went to England, and studied at St. John’s College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B.A., in 1867. On his return to Montreal he received the degree of B.C.L. from McGill University. He selected law as a profession, and after having passed a creditable examination, travelled for a year in Europe, visiting the chief cities of Britain and the continent with great pleasure and profit to himself. On his return he entered into a law partnership with John Dunlop, under the style of Dunlop & Lyman, as advocates and solicitors, commissioners for Ontario and Nova Scotia, etc., and has proved himself a successful legal practitioner. Mr. Lyman, in politics, is a Liberal; and in religion, is an adherent of the Church of England. He was married on the 15th August, 1871, to Louisa Lyman, and has a family of two children.

Robertson, Andrew, Chairman of the Board of Harbor Commissioners, Montreal, is a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Paisley, in Scotland, on the 18th June, 1827. He is the eldest and only son of the late Alexander Robertson, of Paisley, by his first wife, Grant Stuart Macdonald. Mr. Robertson received his education at the Paisley Grammar School, going through the usual curriculum of English, Latin and Greek. Shortly after leaving school, like the majority of Scotch boys, he learned a trade, that of weaving. He went, in 1840, to Glasgow to push his fortune. Here he served for four years in a dry goods store, and then took a position in a manufacturer’s establishment. In this new position he worked hard, and having gained the confidence of his employers, he was four years afterwards, in 1848, admitted a partner in the business. A few years later on, his health having given way, he was admonished by his medical adviser to leave Glasgow, and try the effects of either the climate of Australia or Canada on his enfeebled constitution. He decided on the latter country, and along with his wife and two sons came to Montreal in 1853. Shortly after his arrival he went into the dry goods business, and soon became one of the leading men in the trade, as senior partner in the firm of Robertsons, Linton and Co., of that city. Business having succeeded, Mr. Robertson was enabled to retire from it in 1885, and he is now enjoying other and perhaps more congenial pursuits. Being a public spirited gentleman, he never shirked his responsibilities as a citizen. In 1868 and 1869 he accepted the position of president of St. Andrew’s Society of Montreal; in 1876 he was president of the Dominion Board of Trade; in 1876 and 1877 he was president of the Montreal Board of Trade; was the first president of the Dominion Travellers’ Association; has been the president of the Royal Canadian Insurance Company since 1876; and president of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada since its organization in 1880. In 1872 Mr. Robertson became one of the governors of the Montreal General Hospital, and since that period has filled the offices of treasurer, vice-president, and is now president. In 1879 he was elected chairman of the Board of Harbor Commissioners for Montreal, and he has occupied this position ever since. He has also taken an interest in military affairs, and in 1861, during the Trent excitement, he was first lieutenant and quartermaster of the Montreal Light Infantry Company. Mr. Robertson is an adherent of the Presbyterian church; and as for politics, we think he would rather act the part of the Good Samaritan than indulge in political discussions. He was married on the 19th April, 1850, to Agnes, youngest daughter of the late Alexander Bow, of Glasgow, and has had a family of four sons and six daughters, two of the latter are dead.

Rosebrugh, John Wellington, M.D., Hamilton, Ontario, President of the Ontario Medical Association, 1887, and member of the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. This distinguished medical gentleman was born near Galt, in the county of Waterloo, Ontario, on the 5th November, 1828. His father was the late Thomas Rosebrugh, of Dumfries, who, when a lad of sixteen, took up his gun, went to the frontier, and fought for his young country at the battles of Lundy’s Lane and Queenston Heights. His grandfather was a U. E. loyalist. Dr. Rosebrugh received his early education at the schools of his neighborhood, the Galt High School and Victoria College. In 1850 he commenced the study of medicine under the Hon. Dr. Rolph, Dr. Joseph Workman, and others, afterwards called the Toronto School of Medicine; and later on the Medical department of the University of Victoria College. At the end of two years he passed his examination, and received his licence to practice from the Medical Board of Canada in 1852. He then went on to New York, attended an additional course of lectures at the University of New York city, from which institution he received the degree of doctor of medicine, in 1853. During his sojourn in New York, he faithfully followed up all the great advantages derivable from the lectures and clinics, and witnessed a large number of surgical operations in the hospitals of that city. Having a natural inclination for surgery, he cultivated his bent in that direction, and thus laid the foundation for his great success in after life. His career is an excellent example of what can be gained by one who sets before himself a high ideal of life, and the steadfast purpose and determination to rise to a useful and exalted position in his profession. Only force of character, unusual energy, and strenuous devotion to his high purpose could win such signal success as he has attained without the adventitious aids of an artificial society, professorships, or hospital appointments. Success is always a relative term, and is used appropriately only when employed to describe conditions in which effort guided by intelligence and skill to definite purpose accomplishes its aims. If this be true, then no physician in Canada to-day has a stronger claim to this distinction than the subject of this sketch, for his effort and perseverance have placed him in the front rank of his profession. He is a licentiate of the Canada Medical Board, 1852; M.D., University of New York city, 1853; M.D., University Victoria College, 1855; member of the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Ontario; member of the Ontario Medical Association; member of the Canada Medical Association; member of the British Medical Association; member of the International Medical Congress; honorary member of the American Medical Association; fellow of the British Gynecological Society; corresponding member of the Boston Gynecological Society, etc. It will thus be seen that he has already reached a higher degree of prominence in the medical profession of the country than has been the fortune of but few disciples of Æsculapius to enjoy. His success as a physician and surgeon is the fruit of hard work, persevering research and natural adaptability to his chosen profession. His cheerful presence is a blessing to any sick chamber, and his mild and gentle manners bring cheer and comfort to the suffering and desponding ones, while his quiet though earnest assurances of recovery infuse hope and joy into the desponding heart. He always had a penchant for surgery, and, besides his hospital practice during the time the railways were being constructed about Hamilton and Dundas, had quite a large experience in surgical operations, so that before he took up his specialty, he had the reputation of being an excellent general surgeon. His practice, however, during the last few years has gradually drifted more and more into gynecology and abdominal surgery. His great skill and wonderful success as an ovariotomist and abdominal surgeon, soon attracted the attention of his medical brethren, and they sent him the difficult cases which they did not wish to undertake themselves. In order to improve his knowledge as an abdominal surgeon, he has made frequent visits to the United States, Great Britain, and the continent of Europe. In this way he became practically acquainted with the methods of the most celebrated abdominal surgeons in the world, including Sir Spencer Wells, Thomas Keith, Lawson Tait, Granville Bantock, Knowsly Thornton, Carl Schrœder, and A. Martin. Dr. Rosebrugh commenced the practice of his profession in the town of Dundas, where he resided for a period of three years, and then accepted a partnership with Dr. Billings, of Hamilton. This co-partnership at the end of three years was dissolved by mutual consent, and Dr. Rosebrugh since that time has practised by himself. While residing in Dundas he was appointed coroner for the county of Wentworth, and after removing to Hamilton he was appointed coroner for the city, and, associated with the late Hon. H. B. Bull, he presided with noted ability and dignity at the celebrated inquest concerning the Desjardins Bridge accident, where about sixty persons were killed and a large number wounded. In 1858 he was appointed president of the Mechanics’ Institute, at that time and for some years subsequently a flourishing institution of the city. In the year 1860 he was elected a member of the city council, and immediately gave his particular attention to the reorganization of the city hospital system, which was at that time more a hole-and-corner concern, or a house of refuge, than a hospital. At first he met with a formidable opposition to all efforts at reform, but his personal popularity and influence gradually won over a majority of the friends of the old régime, and towards the end of his second year in the council he carried his by-law of reform. This by-law was so perfect in all its details that it stands to-day at the end of a quarter of a century, with scarcely an alteration. After carrying through his scheme, he remained in the council another year as chairman of the hospital committee, in order to get the new by-law into good working order. In educational matters he has always taken a deep interest, and for a number of years was a member of the Grammar and Public School Board. He was also one of the promoters, and is still a director of the Ladies’ College. He has always taken a lively interest and an active part in the great temperance movement, and is a liberal supporter of that cause. He was born and brought up in the Methodist Church, and has never left its fold. He was one of the promoters of the Centenary Church, and has held the office of trustee and steward from the time that church was erected. Dr. Rosebrugh is an active and enterprising member of the medical profession, determined from the beginning to keep fully abreast with the literature and knowledge of the times, taking the best medical journals and purchasing the newest books. He was one of the first elected under the new by-law as attending physician to the hospital, which he held as long as he wished, and was then chosen one of the consulting physicians. During the time of his service he was for some years chairman of the staff. He was one of the active founders of the Hamilton Medical and Surgical Society, which is still in a flourishing condition, and was president of the same. To him more than any one else belongs the honor of the formation of the Ontario Medical Association, as he was the first to urge the medical journals to write the matter up; and he attended the preliminary meeting in Toronto for the purpose of drafting the by-laws for the management of the same. This growing and flourishing association has now been in existence about seven years, and this year chose Dr. Rosebrugh president for 1887-8.

Lewis, William James, M.D., Hillsborough, M.P.P. for Albert county, New Brunswick, was born in 1830, in Hillsborough, N.B. He is the eldest son of the Hon. John Lewis, member of the Legislative Council of New Brunswick, and Lavinia Lewis. His father’s ancestors emigrated from Wales about 1750, and settled in New York. Being United Empire loyalists, they left the United States at the close of the revolutionary war in 1783, and took up their abode in Moncton, New Brunswick, where a good many of their descendants are still to be found. His mother’s ancestors came from Londonderry, Ireland, over a hundred years ago and settled in the Maritime provinces. Mr. Lewis was first educated in the common schools of the parish where he was born, and afterwards at Sackville Academy, Westmoreland county, New Brunswick. Having chosen the medical profession, he went over to Scotland and studied medicine at the Glasgow University, where he graduated with honors in 1855, and also at the College of Surgeons in Edinburgh in May of the same year. On his return to Hillsborough he began the practice of his profession, and has continued there ever since, having built up a lucrative business. For the last twenty-five years he has held the position of coroner for Albert county. In 1878 he entered political life, and was at the general election of that year returned as a member of the House of Assembly of New Brunswick; re-elected at the general election of 1882, and again at the general election of 1886. In 1882 he was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and took office without a portfolio in the Harrington-Landry administration, but resigned with his colleagues in February, 1883. In politics, Dr. Lewis is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion, following in the footsteps of his parents, his sympathies are with the Baptist church. He has been twice married; first, in 1877, to Melissa, daughter of Richard E. Steever, postmaster of Hillsborough. She died in October, 1882, without issue. He was again married in August, 1885, to Catharine Duffy, daughter of the late John Duffy, of Hillsborough, N.B., and has issue a daughter.

Daly, Thomas Mayne, M.P., Barrister, Brandon, Manitoba, was born on the 16th August, 1852, at Stratford, Ontario. He is the second son of the late Thomas Mayne Daly, by his wife Helen McLaren Ferguson, a native of Crieff, Perthshire, Scotland, who came to Canada in 1844 with her father, the late Peter Ferguson, of Stratford, architect. He is a grandson of the late Lieut.-Colonel I. C. W. Daly, who settled in Stratford in 1832, and who was for many years after agent of the Canada Company, and also of the Bank of Upper Canada in Stratford. He was a member of the first council of the district of Huron in 1842, and he was also the first mayor of Stratford (1858). He died on the 1st April, 1878, in the eighty-third year of his age, being at the time of his death the oldest militia officer, magistrate and coroner in the whole of the country formerly comprising the old Huron district, and now comprising the counties of Huron, Perth and Bruce. The history of the last half century of his life is very intimately connected with the history of the old “Huron Tract.” Thomas Mayne Daly, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born at Hamilton, Ontario, in 1827, and died at Stratford 5th March, 1885. He was educated at Upper Canada College, Toronto. He entered public life in 1848, being elected in that year as a district councillor from Downie, in the Huron district. In 1850 he was elected first reeve of North East Hope, and was mayor of Stratford during the years 1869, and 1876-77 and ’78. He was the first representative sent to the Legislative Assembly of Canada from the county of Perth after its organization as a separate county in 1854. He was again elected in 1857, over the Hon. Wm. McDougall. He was defeated at the general election, 1861, by the Hon. M. H. Foley, but that gentleman having been also elected for South Waterloo, he resigned his seat for Perth, and at the election which followed Mr. Daly was returned in opposition to the late Robert Macfarlane, who, however, defeated him at the next general election. At the first election after confederation, the county being then divided into two ridings, Mr. Daly unsuccessfully opposed James Redford for North Perth; but at the general election in 1872 he defeated Mr. Redford, and was government “whip” during the celebrated “Pacific Scandal” session at Ottawa, and the mover of the adjournment of the debate the night previous to the resignation of the Macdonald-Cartier administration. Mr. Daly in 1874 was elected for North Perth to the Ontario legislature, and sat out the term of the second parliament. Having been defeated for the local legislature at the general provincial elections of 1875, he was tendered the Conservative nomination for North Perth at the general Dominion election in 1878, but declined for private reasons, and then retired from public life. Thomas Mayne Daly, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the Upper Canada College in Toronto. Having adopted law as a profession he was admitted to the Ontario bar in Michaelmas term, 1876, and began practice in the city of Stratford, Ontario, on 10th January, 1877, and continued until May, 1881, when he removed to Manitoba, and took up his residence in Brandon in that province, on the 18th July, 1881. Here he has resided ever since, and is now the senior member of the firm of Daly & Coldwell, barristers, etc. Mr. Daly was among the pioneer settlers of Brandon; and was the returning officer at the first general election held in the district for the local legislature in October, 1881, and was also returning officer for the first municipal election in the county of Brandon in December of the same year. In 1882 he was elected the first mayor of the city of Brandon; and was re-elected to the same office in 1884. He was chairman of the Western Judicial District Board of Manitoba, 1884. He is a bencher of the Law Society of Manitoba, and a member of the Protestant Board of Education of that province. He was president of the first Conservative Association formed in Brandon in July, 1882; is now vice-president for Selkirk of the Conservative Union of Manitoba, and president of the Liberal-Conservative Association of the county of Brandon. During Mr. Daly’s residence in Ontario he took an active part in public affairs, and was for several years quartermaster of the 28th Perth battalion of militia, and retired from the service in 1881 with the rank of captain. He occupied the office of president of the Young Men’s Conservative Association, which was formed in Stratford in 1878, and during the years 1880-81 he held a seat in the town council of Stratford; and was a member of, and subsequently became the chairman of, the school board of that place. In politics Mr. Daly is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion an adherent of the Church of England. He was married on the 4th of June, 1879, at Stratford, Ontario, to Margaret Annabella, eldest daughter of P. R. Jarvis.

Borden, Frederick William, B.A., M.D., M.P., Canning, Nova Scotia, was born on the 14th May, 1847, at Canard, Kings county, N.S. His father, Jonathan Borden, M.D. (whose great grandfather, Samuel Borden, was one of the original grantees of the township of Cornwallis, in the reign of King George III., A.D. 1764), practised medicine at Canard for thirty years. Maria Frances Brown, his mother, was a descendant on the maternal side from the family of Major Dennison, one of the agents from Connecticut who in May, 1759, visited the districts of Grand Pré and Canard, in Kings county, from which the Acadians had been expatriated, with a view to re-settling the said districts with a colony from that state. Her brother, Dr. E. L. Brown, sat in the legislature of Nova Scotia from 1847 till 1859, and from 1863 till 1871, having been defeated in 1859 by another brother, J. L. Brown, who held the seat until 1863. Both parents are dead. Mr. Borden graduated in arts at the University of King’s College, Windsor, N.S., in June, 1866, and at Harvard University in medicine in July, 1868. He was a member of King’s College University Rifle Corps; was appointed assistant surgeon of the 68th battalion active militia 22nd October, 1869, surgeon on the 22nd October, 1879, and principal medical officer of the brigade camp at Aldershot in September, 1887. Dr. Borden has been agent of the Bank of Nova Scotia at Canning since September, 1882. He was elected to represent Kings county in the House of Commons at Ottawa in February, 1874; and re-elected in September, 1875. He was an unsuccessful candidate in June, 1882, but was again elected in February, 1887, by a majority of 448 votes. The doctor has practised his profession (medicine) continuously at Canning since September, 1869, whither he had removed from Canard (the old homestead), about four miles distant. He married, first, Julia Maude Clarke, on 1st October, 1873. She died April 2nd, 1880. He married again, on June 12th, 1884, Bessie Blanche Clarke, daughter of John H. Clarke, of Canning, N.S. Her mother’s maiden name was Elizabeth Tupper, and she was a daughter of Augustus Tupper, who contested Kings county several times unsuccessfully for a seat in the Nova Scotian Assembly, and who was an uncle of Sir Charles Tupper.

Silver, William Chamberlain, President of the Chamber of Commerce, Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on December 3rd, 1814. He is a son of William Nyren Silver, of Port Lee, Hampshire, of the Silvers of Ropley, Whitechurch, Southampton, England; and of Elizabeth Chamberlain, whose family left New England at the close of the revolutionary war. Mr. Silver received his education at the Halifax Academy. When only twenty years of age he served as a colour sergeant in the Light Infantry volunteers, and participated in the military display held in honour of the coronation of Her Majesty, Queen Victoria, in 1838. He went early into business, and only of late years relaxed his habit of constant application, so far as to spend the summer months with his family, at a beautiful spot about six miles from Halifax, known as River Bank, overlooking a long reach of Little Salmon River, a stream well stocked with sea trout and salmon. This place was for a long time the country seat of his father, and here Mr. Silver, when young, naturally developed a strong penchant for the “gentle art,” and became a devoted disciple of Izaak Walton. Although he has taken a close interest in politics, and been repeatedly pressed to accept nominations for the Local and Dominion legislatures, as well as for the mayoralty of his native city, yet, in consequence of lack of robust health, and the heavy demands on his time of other public and private duties, he has invariably declined. Mr. Silver, throughout the whole course of his life, has incessantly laboured in the ranks of the temperance reformers, and his name has stood prominent in every fresh effort to advance a cause he has so much at heart. He joined the order of the Sons of Temperance soon after its introduction into Nova Scotia, and in 1882 the brotherhood conferred upon him the office of grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of Nova Scotia. He has served as president of the Halifax School Association, an association which carried to a successful issue the object for which it was formed, viz., the establishment of a public high school, the elevation of the standard of education in the city schools, and the securing of equal rights to all in the educational system. For many years he was vice-president of the Halifax Chamber of Commerce, and as chairman of the Internal Trade Committee, he, with others, took an active part in urging the government to base the tariff of the Intercolonial Railway Company on principles adapted to national development, as distinguished from trade principles. Mr. Silver also served as chairman of the Joint Committee of Citizens and the Chamber of Commerce, whose urgent representations to the government of the great importance of extending the Intercolonial Railway to a more central point of the city than the Richmond terminus, of the necessity for building a deep water terminus and grain elevator, and of landing the British mails at Halifax instead of Portland, contributed largely to the accomplishment of these objects. Since 1884 Mr. Silver has been president of the Chamber of Commerce. For many years he acted as treasurer, and is now president of the Halifax Western Agricultural Society, and was always an active promoter of the industrial and agricultural exhibitions held in Halifax from time to time. For about twenty years he has been treasurer of the Institute of Natural Science, a society whose useful work is well known, and whose valued publications are widely distributed through the scientific world. He has also filled the office of president of the St. George’s Society, and for some years was vice-president of the Halifax Library (eventually transferred to the city). For many years he has been president of the Halifax Medical Dispensary, and vice-president of the School for the Blind of the Maritime provinces. In politics he was a Conservative up to the time of confederation, when he joined the Liberals in opposing it. After the Hon. Joseph Howe’s return from England, when it became clear that repeal was impossible, he accepted the situation, and returned to the ranks of the Conservatives, but on the unearthing of the Pacific scandal he again changed sides. He took no part in the recent attempts to separate Nova Scotia from the confederation. Mr. Silver has travelled a good deal. In January, 1840, he sailed from Halifax for Liverpool in the barque Corsair, steam navigation at that date being still in its infancy. After a succession of heavy gales the ship was cast away near the mouth of the Mersey river, when Mr. Silver and the other passengers were saved by a lifeboat. On other occasions he has visited Europe with Mrs. Silver, and in 1879 spent part of the summer in that garden of England, the Isle of Wight. He has been a member of the Church of England from childhood, but has always been found working shoulder to shoulder for the common good with members of other religious bodies. He has acted as representative of the church, first in the Diocesan Church Society, and in later years both in the local and provincial synods, the latter of which holds its sessions in Montreal. Among other offices connected with church work, he filled the post of vice-president of the British and Foreign Bible Society; president of the Halifax Church Institute; vice-president of the Young Men’s Christian Association; chairman of the Church Endowment Fund; vice-president of the Alumni of King’s College; and governor of the same university. In 1885 he took part in an effort to confederate the colleges of Nova Scotia, which, however, failed to effect the object aimed at. Mr. Silver was married on the 2nd September, 1840, to Margaret Ann, daughter of Benjamin Etter, of “Bellevue,” Halifax, N.S. Mrs. Silver’s mother was the daughter of a loyalist (and also Mr. Silver’s mother). They left fortune and position in New England at the close of the war of independence to follow the British standard to Nova Scotia. Eight sons and five daughters were the fruit of this union, all of whom are still living save two. Three of his sons are associated with him in business; one, a graduate of Kings College and a LL.B. of Harvard University Law Faculty, is practising law in Halifax; and another is preparing for the medical profession at the University of Edinburgh. One of his daughters is the wife of John Y. Payzant, solicitor; another is married to Rev. John Morton, organizer of a most extensive and successful missionary enterprise in the island of Trinidad, British West Indies.

Murphy, Martin, Civil Engineer, Halifax, Nova Scotia, second son of Thomas Murphy, contractor, was born at Ballindaggin, near Enniscorthy, county Wexford, Ireland, on the 11th November, 1832. He received his education at the best schools in his native county; and having selected engineering as a profession, he has been employed without intermission as a civil engineer and contractor from 1852 to the present time. When only nineteen years, of age he joined the engineering staff of the late William Dargan, and continued in the same employment for eleven years. During this period his practice extended over the various public works of the time constructed by Mr. Dargan throughout Ireland. At the age of twenty-four he was engineer and manager of railway construction, and at thirty was resident engineer of the Dublin, Wicklow and Wexford Railway, then in operation to Enniscorthy, in which position he continued until he came to America in 1868. He was employed during 1869 and 1870 as engineer for extension of streets and sewerage in the city of Halifax; then for the next two years in making surveys for the extension of railways in Nova Scotia. For the next four years he was contractor on the Intercolonial Railway of Canada. He was appointed provincial government engineer for the province of Nova Scotia in 1876, a position which he still holds. In Nova Scotia he exercised supervision over the construction of the Western Counties, the Eastern Extension, and the Spring Hill and Parrsboro’ railways, now in operation, and the Nova Scotia Central and Maccan and Joggins railways, now being constructed. He was consulted by the colonial government of Newfoundland respecting railways. He has replaced nearly all the old wooden bridges of the province of Nova Scotia with permanent structures of stone, concrete and iron, and is now urging a system of road-making and maintenance. Mr. Murphy is a member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers; a member of the council of the Institute of Natural Science of Nova Scotia; and also the author of several engineering papers. In 1861 he married Maria Agnes Buckley, youngest daughter of Cornelius Buckley, of Banteer, county Cork, Ireland.

Barclay, Rev. John, D.D., Presbyterian Minister, and honorary Chaplain of the St. Andrew’s Society of Toronto, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, and died at Toronto on the 27th September, 1887, in his seventy-fifth year. He came to Canada in 1842, and in December of the same year was inducted pastor of the St. Andrew’s Church, then on the corner of Church and Adelaide streets, Toronto. He retained the pastorate of this church until 1870, when he was succeeded by the Rev. D. J. Macdonnell. Shortly after this event the congregation divided, the majority going west to the new church erected on the corner of King and Simcoe streets; and the remainder, after a few more years occupation of the venerable church edifice, also removed to a handsome church erected on the corner of Jarvis and Carlton streets, the old pile being then removed to give place to a block of new buildings. During his lifetime Rev. Dr. Barclay was one of the business men of the church, and for some years clerk of the presbytery; a member of the Temporalities Board; a trustee of Queen’s College; and withal an ardent curler. In 1855 the University of Glasgow conferred upon him the degree of D.D. He was not in good health for some time previous to his death. The deceased gentleman began immediately after his arrival in this country to take an active interest in curling, and many of his friends remonstrated with him at that time, considering it unbecoming a clergyman to indulge in such recreation; but he maintained that the mind and body were only strengthened by such invigorating exercise as the participation in this sport afforded, and now-a-days there are many enthusiastic curlers in the ministry. About seven years ago a controversy arose in the Ontario branch of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club, as to whether the Ontario branch should cut loose altogether from the older institution. James Russell proposed that the Ontario branch should retain its connection with the R.C.C.C., on condition that it be permitted to make its own laws and regulations, and spend its money in the way best calculated to promote curling in Ontario. Dr. Barclay strongly opposed any change from the original arrangement, by which the Ontario branch was subservient to the R.C.C.C., but after a struggle, Mr. Russell’s idea was adopted. Dr. Barclay was chaplain of the Toronto Club for many years, and of the Ontario branch since its formation. He made many friends in the city of his adoption during his long and useful career, and his remains were conveyed to their last resting place accompanied by a large concourse of his acquaintances.

Laviolette, Hon. Joseph Gaspard, Montreal, M.L.C. for the Division of De Lorimier, is a son of the late Lieut.-Colonel Laviolette, of St. Eustache, county of Two Mountains, and Madame Adelaide Lemaire, St. Germain, and was born at St. Eustache, on the 2nd March, 1812. After attending the primary schools of his native town, he was sent to the College of Montreal to complete his education, and went through a thorough course of classical studies. He is seignior of the seigniory of Sherrington, county of Napierville, and holds a commission of lieutenant-colonel in the militia. He was appointed census commissioner by the government of Canada in 1860, and again in 1870 by the same government. He has occupied the post of warden of the county of Napierville, and was also elected mayor of the town, and held a commission of justice of the peace and commissioner for the summary trial of small causes. Hon. Mr. Laviolette has always been an active politician and a supporter of the Conservative party. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec, in 1876, for the division of De Lorimier. For several years he was a director of the Montreal and Champlain Railway. He was married twice, the first time to Célanire, a daughter of the late Lieut.-Colonel Portelance, M.P.P.; the second time to Corine, a daughter of André Bédard, N.P., brother to Justice Bédard. He has a family of six children, two sons and four daughters; one son is a merchant in San Francisco, Cal., the other a druggist and M.D., in Montreal; three sons-in-law: A. Bélaire, merchant, of St. Eustache, J. Girouard, M.D., of Longueuil, A. Marsolais, M.D., of Montreal, and the late L. N. Duverger, merchant, of Montreal.

Campbell, Francis Wayland, M.A. (Bishop’s College), M.D. (McGill), L.R.C.P. (London, England), was born in the city of Montreal, where he still resides, on the 5th November, 1837. His father, the deceased Rollo Campbell, for many years carried on the business of printer and publisher, and was the proprietor of The Pilot, a political newspaper that exerted a great influence in its day. This gentleman was born at Dunning, Perthshire, Scotland, and settled in Canada many years ago. He could trace his descent as far back as 1670, there being in the village in which he was born a stone cottage, with a slab over the doorway with the initials engraven thereon of “R. C. and J. F., 1670,” these letters standing for “Rollo Campbell” and “Janet Fenton,” and from this pair Dr. Campbell has sprung. On the maternal side, Dr. Campbell’s mother was Elizabeth Steel, who was a native of Kilwinning, Scotland. He received his general education at the Baptist College, Montreal; his medical education he received at McGill University, in the same city, graduating in 1860, and subsequently at the universities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and finally at London, where he took the English qualification of licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians. On his return to Montreal he commenced practice, and has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. In 1872 Dr. Campbell joined with the late Drs. David and Smallwood, and Drs. Hingston and Trenholme, in organizing the present medical faculty of Bishop’s College in Montreal, and he was appointed professor of physiology, and registrar. These offices he filled till 1882, when, on the death of Dr. David, he was chosen to fill the chair of practice of medicine, and elected dean of the faculty, both of which positions he still fills. Dr. Campbell represents Bishop’s College in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec; and for the last seven years has been the secretary of this—the licensing board of that province. He is a physician to the Montreal General Hospital, and to the Western Hospital. This latter is at present the only hospital in Canada devoted to the diseases of women. Although others were connected with him in the early organization of this hospital corporation, its equipment, and its actual commencement of work, was due to Dr. Campbell, who assumed its rental, organized its committee, and, till self-sustaining, supplied for two years a considerable amount of money to sustain it. He is a consulting physician to the Montreal Dispensary. Dr. Campbell is known as one of the best life insurance medical men in the Dominion. Since 1868 he has been an examiner for the New York Life, and two years ago was given charge, by this company, of all its medical matters in Canada. His work with this company occupies much of his time. He is also the chief medical officer of the Citizens’ Life and Accident Company of Montreal; this he has held for over eight years. Dr. Campbell takes a deep interest in the volunteer movement, and his record as a volunteer is one of which any man might be proud. He is surgeon of B. company Infantry School Corps, permanent militia, and was lately promoted surgeon-major after twenty years service as surgeon. He joined No. 2 company of Montreal Independent Rifles as a private in the summer of 1855, at the age of sixteen years. In 1858, when it formed No. 2 company of the 1st Battalion Volunteer Militia Rifles of Canada, he became hospital sergeant of the battalion. In May, 1860, on his graduation as M.D., he was gazetted its assistant surgeon, and in 1866 served with it (then become the 1st Prince of Wales Rifles) on the eastern frontier during the Fenian raid. On the 6th October, 1866, he was gazetted surgeon of the regiment, and again served with it at Pigeon Hill and St. John’s, Quebec, during the Fenian raid of 1870. He continued as surgeon of the Prince of Wales Rifles till the 21st December, 1883, when he was transferred to the permanent force as surgeon of Infantry School Corps. On leaving the Prince of Wales Rifles, with which he had been connected for twenty-eight years, Dr. Campbell addressed a letter to his brother officers, in which he made a statement such as few men in the force could make, viz.: that up to that date, during his entire connection with it, the regiment had never turned out, either for active service or holiday parade, that he had not been with them. What this means can only be fully appreciated by those who know the large amount of varied service which the Prince of Wales Rifles have performed. Dr. Campbell is a past master of Victoria lodge, late C.R., A. F. and A. M., and now an active member of Royal Albert lodge. He is president of the Upsalquitch Salmon Club, holding a lease on the Restigouche river, in New Brunswick, and is an enthusiastic salmon fisherman. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and a member of the Junior Conservative Association of Montreal. He has travelled a good deal, having crossed the Atlantic twelve times, and been over most of the European continent. In religious matters he is a Baptist. He was married in October, 1861, in Greenock, Scotland, to Agnes Stuart Rodger, of the same town. Her maternal grandfather, Walter Washington Buchanan, was born at Morristown, New Jersey, U.S.A., and was christened in General Washington’s arms, Kosciusko and Lafayette being his godfathers. On Washington’s death, he bequeathed to him his camp knives and forks, which are now in possession of Mrs. Campbell’s brother, Walter Washington Buchanan Rodger, of Bagatelle, Greenock. In Dr. Buchanan’s early life he was an intimate playmate of Washington Irving, and the two have often rolled hoops around New York city. He subsequently entered the American navy, and was afterwards professor of midwifery in Columbia College, New York. While in the navy he served under Commodore Sands, and was on Lake Ontario during the war of 1812. He subsequently inherited property in Scotland, and removed thither, where he died.

Park, William A., Newcastle, M.P.P. for the County of Northumberland, New Brunswick, was born at Douglastown, Miramichi, N.B. on the 27th June, 1853. His father, William Park, a merchant in Newcastle, N.B., is a native of Dumfries, Scotland, who settled in Miramichi about five years before the great fire of 1825, and engaged extensively in the milling and lumbering business. His mother, Margaret McLaggan, is a native of New Brunswick, and is a daughter of the late Alexander McLaggan, of Blackville, Northumberland, N.B. William A. Park, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the Presbyterian Academy, Chatham, and at Harkin’s Seminary in Newcastle. He studied law as a profession; was admitted as an attorney for New Brunswick in April, 1875, and called to the bar of the same province in April, 1876. He carries on his practice in Newcastle, and does a good business. For some time Mr. Park was connected with the volunteer militia, but of late years his numerous other engagements have precluded him from taking an active interest in the force. From 1876 to 1879 he was a municipal councillor for Newcastle; and was warden of the county of Northumberland in 1877. In 1882, at the general election held that year, he was elected to the New Brunswick legislature for Northumberland county, and was again returned at the general election in 1886. Mr. Park is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and has always supported the policy of the Dominion government, led by Sir John A. Macdonald. In religion he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church.

Inch, James R., M.A., LL.D., Sackville, New Brunswick, President of the University of Mount Allison College, Sackville, is one of the veteran educationists of Canada, having been engaged in the work of teaching for the last thirty-seven years. He is of Scotch-Irish descent. His parents, Nathaniel Inch and Anne Armstrong, emigrated from the neighbourhood of Enniskillen to New Brunswick in 1824, and settled in Petersville, Queens county, where the subject of this sketch, the youngest of eight children, was born on the 29th of April, 1835. His early education was in the district school of his native place and at the High School of Gagetown, the county town. In 1850, after attendance at the St. John Training School, he received the license of a first-class teacher. After spending three years in the Public school service, he accepted in 1854 a situation at Mount Allison Academy, an institution founded by the late C. F. Allison, at Sackville, and then under the principalship of the Rev. H. Pickard, D.D. In 1862 Mount Allison College was organized with university powers. Mr. Inch entered the junior-class, and took his B.A. degree in 1864, and M.A. three years later. Upon receiving the baccalaureate degree in 1864, he was called to the charge of the Ladies’ Academy, at that time without financial resources, heavily burdened with debt, and having but a slight hold upon public confidence. In the arduous and important work of building up this branch of the Mount Allison institutions he laboured for fourteen years, and not without marked success; for when in 1878 he was elected to the presidency of the college, he left the Ladies’ Academy in a high state of efficiency, the buildings having been renovated, greatly enlarged and refurnished, the debt paid, and the public confidence and patronage fully secured. Before entering upon the duties of the presidency and of the chair of philosophy and logic, he was honoured by his alma mater with the degree of LL.D. As president of the college, Dr. Inch has been obliged, in addition to his professional duties, to devote much of his time and energy to the work of extending and strengthening the material resources of the institution. Under his régime, besides many general improvements, the endowment fund has been increased, by about one hundred thousand dollars, and a handsome stone university building erected at a cost of thirty-five thousand dollars. In 1876 the government of Nova Scotia appointed Dr. Inch a Fellow of the University of Halifax, a degree-conferring university, modelled after the University of London, and intended to consolidate university education in the province of Nova Scotia. The University of Halifax, from causes which need not be here mentioned, had but a brief existence; yet during its organization and its subsequent history, Dr. Inch, as a member of the Senate and examiner in mental science and logic, rendered it loyal and valuable service. In 1880, accompanied by his daughter, Dr. Inch spent three months in Europe, travelling extensively in England, Scotland, Ireland, Holland, Germany, France, and Switzerland. In crossing the Atlantic the steamship Anchoria, in which he had taken passage, when about three hundred miles from Sandy Hook, came into collision, during a dense fog, with the steamship Queen, both vessels being under full headway. The Anchoria was struck abaft the foremast and cut down nearly to the keel; the Queen, though not so badly damaged as the Anchoria, had her bow completely demolished and her forward compartment opened to the waves. The Anchoria’s passengers hastily took to the boats, were transferred to the Queen, and brought in safety back to New York. More than a thousand human beings, many of them women and children, were by this accident placed for hours in deadly peril, and yet, through the mercy of Providence, not a life was lost. It is doubtful whether the records of ocean disaster furnish a parallel case. Dr. Inch is an active member of the Methodist church, and a member of the General Conference Special Committee, to whose care the general interests of the denomination are entrusted during the interim between the conference sessions. As representative of his district he has attended all the general conferences except the first—at Montreal in 1878, at Hamilton in 1882, at Belleville in 1883, and at Toronto in 1886. He is also a member of the Board of Management of the Church Educational Society, and lay treasurer of the fund for supernumerary ministers. In 1886 he was elected vice-president for the province of New Brunswick of the American Institute of Christian Philosophy. Dr. Inch was married in 1854 to Mary Alice Dunn, of Keswick, York county, and has one daughter, now the wife of Prof. Sidney W. Hunton, of Mount Allison University.

Evanturel, Francis Eugene Alfred, LL.B., St. Victor d’Alfred, M.P.P. for Prescott, was born at Quebec, on 31st August, 1849. He is the eldest son of the Hon. Francis Evanturel, who was minister of agriculture in the Macdonald-Sicotte administration in 1862. His grandfather, François Evanturel, after serving in the French army under Napoleon Bonaparte, when he took part in some of his great battles, emigrated to Canada and settled in Quebec, where he died. Mr. Evanturel received his education at the Seminary of Quebec, and after completing his classical studies at that institution, followed the law course of Laval University, graduated B.A. and LL.B. in 1870, and was admitted to the bar of the province of Quebec in January, 1872. He then entered into partnership with the late Judge McCord, and they practised for a year under the firm name of McCord & Evanturel. At that period he was offered a position in the civil service at Ottawa; he accepted and removed to the latter city, where he remained for several years. During his residence in Ottawa he took a prominent part in the organization of the Institut-Canadien and St. Jean Baptiste Society. He was elected school trustee in 1874, for the most important ward—Wellington—of Ottawa, and held the position for two years. In 1878 he resigned his position in the civil service and removed to Prescott county, where the French population was fast coming to the front, and had no interpreter before the public and the courts. In 1883 he presented himself to the electorate of the county of Prescott, for the Provincial legislature, against Mr. Hagar, the old member, and was defeated by a few votes. At the last general election, however (December, 1886), he again entered the field against James Molloy, and was elected by a majority of 200, as a supporter of the Mowat administration. Mr. Evanturel had always been a supporter of the Tory party until that period, but the savage attacks of the Mail upon the French Canadians and the Catholics of the country, coupled with the intolerance and bigotry displayed by a certain portion of the population of Ontario, caused him to sever his connection with the Conservatives, and become an out-and-out Liberal. He did effective work in the county of Ottawa during the by-election held in that county in September, 1887, and it was largely due to his exertions that Mr. Rochon, mayor of Hull, was elected to the legislature of Quebec by an immense majority (over 1,200), as a supporter of the Mercier cabinet. Mr. Evanturel, who is a distinguished English scholar, and an eloquent and forcible speaker, had the honor to be chosen by the Hon. Mr. Mowat to second the address in reply to the speech from the Throne, at the opening of the session of 1887, of the Ontario legislature. The speech he delivered on this occasion was highly praised, even by the newspapers which are the bitterest foes of the race he so ably represents in the legislature. A couple of obscure sheets tried to cast aspersions on his able effort, and yet the manly and independent stand he took forced the admiration of all, and he was accorded “British fair play,” in the broadest sense of the term, by almost the entire community of Ontario. He was also greatly admired for his attitude on the home rule question when it was brought up in the legislature during the same session. Having inherited the chivalrous nature of his ancestors, he could not see a people oppressed without raising his voice on their behalf. Mr. Evanturel has a bright future before him, and the capabilities he displayed on the threshold of his parliamentary career will soon bring him to the front rank of the able politicians of the country, and he will thus enjoy the pre-eminence attained by his father in Canadian politics. He was invited by the French societies of the counties of Essex, Russell, Glengarry, etc., to deliver orations on important occasions. As a writer, Mr. Evanturel is well known, having contributed several articles on political topics to the English and French press, and at the present time he is editor-in-chief of L’Interpréte, a newspaper published at Alfred, Ontario, in the interests of the French population of Eastern Ontario. In 1873 he married Louisa Lee, granddaughter of the late Justice Van Felson, judge of the Superior Court for the district of Montreal, by whom he has issue two children, one son and one daughter.

Jolliffe, Rev. William John, B.C.L., Methodist Minister, Quebec city, was born in Liskeard, Cornwall, England, on the 22nd December, 1846. His father, John Jolliffe, who was born in Liskeard, was reared in the Church of England, but when a young man joined the Methodist denomination. His mother, Ann Berbeck Vyvyan, was a native of Plymouth, in Devonshire, England. She died in 1873. The Rev. Mr. Jolliffe’s father, intending his son to follow business, educated him in the public and private schools of his native place, the former of which he left when thirteen years of age. But young Jolliffe, having a strong impression that he would some day enter the ministry, and, being very fond of reading, his further studies were pursued with that end in view. On his eighteenth birthday he preached his first sermon. While preparing to enter the ministry in England he was induced by the late Rev. Mr. Saunders, then of Oshawa, Ontario, who was at that time on a visit to Britain, to come out to Canada. Accordingly he left his native land, and landed in Quebec in November, 1868. Proceeding west he was appointed a junior preacher in the Bowmanville circuit, the Rev. Richard Whiting, now an ex-president of the Montreal Conference, being his first superintendent. He was ordained in London, Ontario, in June, 1873, the Rev. Dr. Rice being the president of the conference. While stationed in Montreal the Rev. Mr. Jolliffe entered McGill University as a law student, and graduated in 1882 with the degree of B.C.L. For some time he was stationed at Coaticooke, a growing town in the Eastern Townships, province of Quebec; and is now pastor of the Methodist Church in the ancient capital. He is also chairman of the Quebec district. The Rev. Mr. Jolliffe, we have no hesitation in saying, is a minister of very superior abilities, “rightly dividing” and clearly expounding the Word of God. He has been highly esteemed in every station he has occupied, and may be considered in every respect a fine example of what a Christian minister should be—faithful to duty, and most courteous in his intercourse with all classes of the community. He has been active in all good works, especially in the temperance movement, and been connected with the Sons of Temperance and the Good Templars. In politics he has always voted for the man and not the party. While in England he was allied with the Liberal party, and would still be if he were residing there, but in Canada his sympathies incline to the Conservative party. Rev. Mr. Jolliffe has two brothers in the Methodist ministry: the Rev. C. E. Jolliffe, now stationed in England, and the Rev. E. Jolliffe, a missionary in British Honduras. While a strong believer in the doctrines of the Methodist church, the Rev. Mr. Jolliffe is in favor of the extension of the pastoral term, and believes, as many others also do, that it would be in the interests of the church as a whole if the time-honored system of frequent changes were abolished. He was married on the 8th of July, 1874, to Clara Robinson, fifth daughter of Isaac Robinson, of Toronto.

Armstrong, Hon. James, Q.C., C.M.G., Sorel, province of Quebec, son of Charles Logie Armstrong, descendant of a United Empire loyalist, and of Marjory Ferguson, daughter of Alexander Ferguson, of Restigouche, district of Gaspé, was born at Berthier, province of Quebec, in 1821. He was educated at Berthier and Sorel academies, and called to the Quebec bar, 1844. Mr. Armstrong was appointed Crown prosecutor for the district of Richelieu in 1864, and as such conducted the trial of Provencher, for the murder of Joutras, poisoned by strychnine, being the first case actually tried for such an offence in Canada, and when the “color test” of Messrs. Girdwood & Rogers was established. The Evening Telegraph of the 15th April, 1867, referring to the celebrated trial, said: “The crime was clearly proved on a trial of unusual length. We mention the matter particularly now to express in a marked manner our appreciation of the way in which the case was got up and conducted throughout for the Crown. Having followed it day by day, and carefully gone over the evidence since, we feel justified in saying that there has not been these twenty years in Lower Canada a criminal case of the magnitude and difficulty so carefully and thoroughly prepared, and so completely and convincingly placed before the jury. If it lacked the fire-work flashes of eloquence, to which too many criminal lawyers trust, it showed at every step of its long course the true genius, intelligence directing patient labor in mastering every difficulty, seeking for, finding, and welding into one chain the many far scattered and deep hidden links of evidence.” He was appointed chief justice of St. Lucia, West Indies, 1871, where the old French law was in force, and in 1880 to the chief justiceship of Tobago, which he held, conjointly with that of St. Lucia. He was created a companion of the most distinguished order of Saint Michael and Saint George in 1879. He is author of a “Treatise on the Law of Marriage of the Province of Quebec,” and of the “Law of Intestacy of the Dominion” (1886). In conjunction with Sir George William Desveaux, then governor, he prepared the civil code of St. Lucia, based in a great measure upon that of Quebec in civil matters, and succeeded in having laws passed by the legislature, enacting that the laws of England should prevail in commercial and criminal matters. He afterwards prepared a code of civil procedure. He received the thanks of the Legislative Council of St. Lucia “for the great service rendered by him in the preparation of the codes.” He resigned office in December, 1881. The governor, in announcing this to the Legislature, said: “He regretted to have to inform the Council that he had received a despatch from the Secretary of State, notifying him of the retirement of Chief Justice Armstrong, which he considered would be a serious loss to the colony.” The Legislature passed a vote of thanks embodying the opinion of the governor. In a despatch to the Earl of Kimberley, the governor wrote: “I cannot close this despatch without placing on record my appreciation of the invaluable services rendered to the colony by Mr. Armstrong during his term of office of chief justice,” and after mentioning Mr. Armstrong’s labors on the code and revision of the statutes, added: “Measures such as these will stamp Mr. Armstrong’s term of office as one which, whilst reflecting the greatest credit upon himself, will be remembered in this island as the inauguration of a new and more simple machinery for the administration of law and justice.” Mr. Armstrong was appointed, in 1886, by the Dominion government, a member of the commission for the purpose, among others, of inquiring into and reporting upon the subject of labor, its relation to capital, and to inquire into and report on the practical operations of courts of arbitration and conciliation in the settlement of disputes between employers and employees, and the best mode of settling disputes. He is married to Charlotte, daughter of the late Major Hercule Olivier, who was wounded in the engagement at Plattsburg, in 1812.

Steeves, Chipman Archibald, Barrister, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born at Hillsborough, N.B., on the 28th of January, 1880. His father, Joseph A. Steeves, was descended from a German family, formerly called “Steiff,” a common name in Germany, who, after leaving Fatherland, resided for some time in Pennsylvania, and then made their home in New Brunswick a few years before the arrival of the U. E. loyalists. His mother, Rebecca Taylor, is of Irish descent, her people having come from the north of Ireland. Mr. Steeves was educated at the public schools in Albert county, and at the Baptist Seminary in Fredericton; and studied law with the present Judge Palmer, at St. John, N.B. He was admitted an attorney on the 21st October, 1876. In September, 1878, Mr. Steeves was appointed by the Mackenzie government official assignee under the Insolvency Act of 1875, for the county of Westmoreland, and this office he held until the repeal of the law. At present he is one of the school trustees for the town of Moncton, and is also a member of the Moncton town council. From early youth he has been connected with the temperance movement, though at this moment he is not a member of any of the existing temperance organizations. Mr. Steeves has travelled, accompanied by his wife, through portions of the United States and Europe, and has visited Rome and Naples, and been up Vesuvius and down into the Catacombs. He was brought up in the Baptist faith, and is a member of the Baptist church. On the 15th November, 1877, he was married, at St. John, N.B., to a daughter of Dr. W. Y. Theal, formerly of that city. This lady has a number of brothers and sisters, one of whom, George M. Theal, resides in, and fills a government position at, Cape Town, South Africa, and has written and published several works on the history, geography, and folk-lore of Africa, which have been adopted and used in public schools. Mr. Steeves has two brothers, who are masters of British iron steamers, and one sister, who is married, and resides in St. John, N.B.

Bourinot, John George, LL.D., Ottawa, Honorary Secretary of the Royal Society of Canada, Fellow of the Statistical Society of London, Honorary Corresponding Secretary of the Royal Colonial Institute, Clerk of the House of Commons, Canada, and author of several important works and essays, was born at Sydney, Nova Scotia, on the 24th of October, 1836. He is a son of the late Hon. J. Bourinot, senator of the Dominion, and grandson of Judge Marshall, of Nova Scotia. His mother was a daughter of the late Judge Marshall, well-known as an advocate of temperance, and for his works on religious and social topics. His father’s family came originally from Normandy, were Huguenots, and settled in the Island of Jersey. The Marshalls were Irish originally. The father of Judge Marshall was a captain in the British army, and a loyalist. In his early days Mr. Bourinot received his intellectual training under the tutorship of the Rev. W. Y. Porter, at Sydney. The preceptor saw much promise in the lad, and often spoke highly of his quickness and perception, and of the strength of his intellectual grasp. When this period of tutorship was over, his father conceived the idea of sending him to the University of Trinity College, Toronto. At college young Bourinot distinguished himself, and he always was a prominent figure in his class. His industry frequently called forth admiration; and he secured the Wellington and other scholarships. When he left college he could not easily decide upon a calling. It was with the young graduate as it has been with all men possessed of a pervading literary instinct. He was restive, and looked with dissatisfaction at any course of life that promised only a drudgery and a routine, removed from the dear aspiration that was in him. The newspaper press has always afforded a sort of escapement for literary yearning; and as was quite natural to expect, to the newspaper press the young man attached himself in the meantime. He became parliamentary reporter and editor, continuing in such position for some time. Subsequently, in 1860, he established the Halifax Reporter, and was chief editor of that journal for a number of years. From 1861 to the year of confederation, Mr. Bourinot was likewise chief official reporter of the Nova Scotia Assembly. In 1863 he was appointed to the Senate as shorthand writer, and this office he retained until appointed second clerk assistant of the House of Commons, in April, 1873. In February, 1879, he was appointed first clerk assistant, and on the 18th of December, 1880, he became chief clerk of the House of Commons. Through the greater part of his life Mr. Bourinot has been a tireless literary worker, and his articles are remembered by all who take an interest in the discussion of important public questions. His essay on the “Intellectual Development of Canada,” which appeared in the pages of the “Canadian Monthly,” was a careful, elaborate and valuable treatise on the intellectual development of the colonies as an unwedded brotherhood, and of Canada subsequent to the union. He has contributed to many leading papers of this continent, to the Toronto Mail in its inception, and to the New York World. He was for years one of the best known contributors to the “Canadian Monthly.” His desire has always been to create a love for Canadian subjects. He has contributed papers to the Royal Colonial Institute, which have attracted much attention. One of these papers, which referred to the federation of the empire, was deemed so important that Justin McCarthy devoted a whole chapter of his “History of our Times” to its consideration. An article in “Blackwood” (to which he has been one of the very few Canadian contributors), on the “Progress of the New Dominion,” was reviewed by the London Times as “the best article that has yet appeared on the subject in a British periodical.” He has also written other papers in the “Westminster Review,” the “London Quarterly,” the “Scottish Review,” and other leading British periodicals, with the view of making Canada better known to the British world. A monograph on “Local Government in Canada,” which appeared in 1886, attracted much attention in England and Canada, and was reprinted in the series of historical and political science, which is published by the Johns Hopkins University, Maryland. Of late years he has devoted his leisure time for the most part to constitutional and parliamentary studies, and has written a large work on “The Practice and Procedure of Parliament, with a review of the origin and growth of parliamentary institutions in the Dominion of Canada,” which has been most favorably reviewed in England and Canada, and has already been accepted as a constitutional authority in every dependency of the Crown. The London Times, in a three-column review, wrote most approvingly of the work, and the Australian press has also noticed it in very eulogistic terms. Mr. Bourinot is an advocate of the grand idea of Imperial Federation, and a member of the executive committee appointed at a public meeting in Montreal, in May, 1885, with the object of promoting the scheme. In April, 1887, Mr. Bourinot received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Queen’s University, Kingston. Mr. Bourinot was married in October, 1865, to Emily Alden Pilsbury, daughter of the American consul at Halifax, who was distinguished for her remarkable beauty and many accomplishments. She died in September, 1887, amid the regrets of a very large circle of friends. She belonged to a well-known family of Maine, which is connected with that of the famous Governor Endicott, who played so important a part in the annals of the old colonial times of New England.

Moles, Robert George, Arnprior, Ontario, was born in the township of Yonge, county of Leeds, on the 7th October, 1845. He is the youngest son of the late Edward Moles, Leeds county. Mr. Moles received his education in the public school of his township; and in 1866 he began business as a photographer in the city of Hamilton, and remained there until 1868, when he removed to Arnprior, in which place he has since resided and built up a good business. In 1873 he established the Art Union Copying Company, of which he was manager for several years; and did a large business throughout Canada in copying and enlarging portraits for the trade. In 1874 Mr. Moles took an active part in the establishment of Vivian lodge, No. 146, Independent Order of Oddfellows, of which he was a charter member, and was four times elected to represent it in the Grand Lodge of Ontario. He is also an active Freemason, and for several years held the position of master in Madawaska lodge, No. 196. Mr. Moles has been a member of the Arnprior Board of Education for the past fifteen years; and in 1884 and 1885 occupied a seat in the municipal council. In January, 1886, he was chosen reeve of Arnprior, and occupied the position with honour to himself and credit to the town. He has always been closely identified with every enterprise which has had for its object the improvement and advancement of the place in which he resides, and his fellow-citizens duly appreciate his work. In politics Mr. Moles is a Conservative, and is secretary of the South Renfrew Conservative Association. On the 20th March, 1866, he was married to Mary, youngest daughter of John Burgess, Hamilton, and has a family of six children, four daughters and two sons.

Doney, Charles, Merchant, Ottawa, province of Ontario, was born at Lannevet, in Cornwall, England, on the 10th March, 1854. His father, William Doney, was one of the earliest railway contractors in Great Britain, and aided in the construction of most of the trunk lines in the west of England. He is at present one of the twenty-five individuals who receive a life pension from the Railway Association of Officers in Great Britain as a reward for distinguished railway services. This pension is granted by a majority of votes from the railway officers throughout the kingdom. His mother, Elizabeth Hawke, is descended from one of the oldest families and landed proprietors of Cornwall; her father being Thomas Hawke, of Tintagel, whose father was Thomas Hawke, of St. Kew. They owned estates in different parts of the county, and carried on business at (1) the Pollard Tucking Mills, weaving blankets; (2) the St. Tudy flouring mills; (3) the Polrade farms and the Soloden’s farm in the parish of St. Tudy; (4) the Trevilla farm in the parish of St. Teath; (5) the Fenteonadel farm, in the parish of St. Brewevard; (6) the Tippen farm, in the parish of Tintagel, near King Arthur’s castle; and (7) the Beslow farm, in the parish of Tintagel. Mr. Doney’s parents now reside in Plymouth, England. Charles Doney, the subject of our sketch, being of an adventurous and speculative turn of mind, decided against his parents’ wishes, to leave his native land, and sailed for America. Arriving in Canada on the 2nd of February, 1874, he went direct to the city of Ottawa, where he filled a humble position until November of the same year, when he decided to prepare himself for a commercial career. Entering the Ottawa Business College, after three months’ study, the shortest on record, he graduated, receiving a diploma. He then received the position of book-keeper and assistant manager of the Clarendon Hotel, Ottawa. He remained here nine months, and then was appointed, through the introduction of the late Hon. James Skead, caterer to the Senate of Canada. At the same time he received the appointment of steward of the steamer Queen Victoria, of the Ottawa River Navigation Company, which gave him employment during the summer months. Two years after the Queen Victoria was destroyed by fire, and then he made use of his time by travelling through the Western States and Canada, and spent some months studying the French language in the College of Ste. Thérèse, in the province of Quebec. In 1881 he resigned his position as caterer to the Senate for the purpose of entering into business as a retail shoe merchant, and opened a store at 65 Sparks street, Ottawa, where after three years he removed to his new and handsome store in the Scottish Ontario Chambers, 52 Sparks street. Within six years after this he placed himself at the head of the shoe business in Ottawa, being now president of the Ottawa Shoe Company, and proprietor of the store in the Scottish Ontario Chambers, which is recognized as being the leading shoe establishment in Ottawa. As a merchant, for his years, and without any other aid or capital to start him in his Canadian career, save youth and energy, he has certainly been remarkably successful; but as a writer he stands out unique. The talents which make a successful trader and those which tend to success in the field of literature are generally supposed to be diametrically opposed to each other, and they really are; yet he has demonstrated beyond dispute that he is possessed of both. In 1881 he started out in his career as a trader; in 1887 he is the recognized leader in his city of his particular line of trade. In May, 1886, he entered the field of “trade” literature in the United States. To-day, 1887, he is recognized and has fairly earned the recognition of being the first and best writer throughout the continent of America among shoe merchants. In the early part of 1886 the publishers of the Boot and Shoe Recorder, of Boston, the leading shoe paper of the United States, offered three prizes, first, second, and third, for the best essays from shoe merchants, on “How to Manage a Retail Shoe Store.” Mr. Doney was the first to reply, sending in his essay within four days after the prizes were offered. The Recorder acknowledged the receipt of the essay with many compliments, and decided to publish it in their next issue, May 19, 1886. From this day it can be fairly claimed that Mr. Doney has been famous throughout America as a writer upon shoe topics, and his name is continually in the ascendency. This competition went on for over five months, and although all the other writers had the advantage of reading Mr. Doney’s essay, and the president of the Shoe Dealers’ Association of the United States was among the competitors, yet by vote throughout the United States and Canada, the shoe merchants awarded Mr. Doney the first prize, giving to their president the second. The Boot and Shoe Recorder on June 8, 1887, forwarded to him a beautiful silver tea and coffee service of six pieces in recognition of first prize. Inscribed on the coffee pot are the words, “Presented to C. Doney for Prize Essay, 1886.” Mr. Doney is the only known shoe merchant holding a prize for a similar effort or for any other production in the field of literature throughout America. In his youth he always found pleasure in writing upon subjects beyond his years. When a boy of fourteen he wrote for self-amusement an essay upon the “Lord’s Supper,” which obtained quite a circulation among his private circle. During the time he held the position of caterer to the Senate, about 1877, he wrote a small temperance novel of one hundred pages, and published it some five years after it was written, its title being “John the Flunky.” This little work has many faults, some of them slightly ridiculous; but the book, as a boy’s mere free will effort, shows the bent of the author’s mind and undoubted mental capacity. He has completed a second novel which he intends to publish in 1888, and as G. W. Bengough has consented to illustrate it, we may infer that it is at least creditable. It will make a book of 244 pages, and with illustrations by Mr. Bengough, will become a volume of 275 pages. Its title is “David Morrice; or the Reunion of the Races.” Mr. Doney is a constant contributor to the Boot and Shoe Recorder, of Boston; the Shoe and Leather Review, of Chicago, and occasionally to The Merchant, of Toronto, and Leather Gazette, of St. Louis. The Review, of Chicago, pays him regularly for editorials for its shoe dealers’ department. As an inventor he is the possessor of two patents; one for a plate for the heel of a rubber shoe which it is generally conceded will bring him good returns. It is a simple device, but being a universal want in a climate such as Canada possesses, it has the merit of being an excellent commercial idea. The other is a plate for the heel of a leather boot or shoe. This plate will also in all probability become much used, as it is decidedly the best of its kind ever invented. We think it is not too much to predict for Mr. Doney a successful career.

Longworth, Hon. John, Q.C., Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island. The Hon. Mr. Longworth, who died at Charlottetown, on the 11th of April, 1885, in the seventy-first year of his age, was born in Charlottetown, on the 19th September, 1814, and was a son of Francis Longworth, who came to the island when a young man, and during his residence there held many important and responsible offices. He was a member of a highly respectable Irish family, and married Agnes Auld, a native of Prince Edward Island, her parents being from Ayrshire, Scotland. Hon. Mr. Longworth received his education at the old Central Academy, Charlottetown, and studied law with Sir Robert Hodgson, when he was attorney-general of the province. He was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme Court in the autumn of 1837, and was called to the bar in the autumn of the next year. He went to England for a year, and returning to Charlottetown, opened a law office there in 1840, and was created a Queen’s counsel on the 23rd of May, 1863. He served as a deputy judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court of the province, a member of the legislature for twelve years, a member of the government for eight years, at various times, as Queen’s counsel, and as attorney-general, with credit to himself and advantage to the country. The administration of which he was an influential member, first led by the Hon. Edward Palmer, now chief justice of the province, afterwards by the Hon. Colonel Gray, C.M.G., was a strong and able one, and during its existence many measures of great importance to the well being of the province were carried into effect. Amongst them was the purchase by the government of the Selkirk and Cunard estates, two of the largest and most valuable estates in the province, made upon terms highly favourable to the interests of the government and tenantry; and as a mark of the Queen’s approval of the general policy of the administration, Mr. Longworth and his colleagues, on their retirement in May, 1867, received Her Majesty’s special sanction and authority to retain the rank and title which they held as members of Her Executive Council. Mr. Longworth’s politics were Conservative, but it is well known that the acts and legislation of the present Dominion government, especially in connection with the Pacific Railway, and its trade or national policy, did not meet his approval, this policy being especially, in Mr. Longworth’s opinion, highly detrimental to the most vital interests of Prince Edward Island and the other Maritime provinces. The deceased gentleman was well known as a consistent and devoted member of St. Paul’s, Church of England. He was a man of sound Christian character, generous impulses, a kind friend to the unfortunate, and his career as a public and private member to the community, won for him the warm respect of all who had the pleasure of being intimately acquainted with him. He married in March, 1847, Elizabeth W. Tremaine, daughter of Richard Tremaine, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and by her had six children, of whom three died. He left a widow, two sons and one daughter to mourn his loss.

Hossack, William, of Mount Pleasant, Quebec, was born in the ancient capital, on the 12th January, 1814, and has continued to reside there ever since. He is the eldest of twelve children of the late William Hossack, who for so many years was engaged in the grocery trade in Quebec. The Hossacks came to Quebec from Morayshire, Scotland, about the middle of last century, though their origin is Danish. For several generations the name has been a prominent one in Quebec in connection with the grocery trade, the family business being still in the hands of a member of the family, George Hossack, of Garden street. The subject of our sketch, after receiving a good English and commercial education at old Mr. Thom’s Academy, became associated with his father in business, and continued with him until he was in a position to start in life for himself. His first venture was in the leather trade, but the great fire of Quebec in 1845, which destroyed millions worth of property, destroyed Hossack’s tannery and warehouse, involving the young and enterprising owner of it in what seemed at one time the commercial ruin of the city. Nothing daunted, however, the young merchant set to work to recruit his fallen fortunes. A short time after the terrible calamity which befell his native city, he once more took to his father’s line of business, and soon forgot his first commercial drawback in the prosperity which began to smile on his new enterprise. After many years of close attention to his business, he eventually found himself in a position to retire on a competency. His inclinations had always been those of a careful reader of books and events, and now, when he found leisure on his hands, even while he had but yet attained to the prime of life, he determined to travel in Europe and Egypt, where for months he passed from city to city, visiting the scenes of historic interest, and deepening the impressions gained of such by desultory study. Even while busily engaged with his daily occupations as a business man, he was known to be one who was fond of what people call heavy reading; and he was now able to mature his native intelligence within the broader and deeper light of a personal experience with the scenes of which he had read. On his return to Quebec he began to take an active part in public affairs. For eight years he represented St. Louis ward in the city council, and was at the end of that period chosen mayor of Quebec, an office, however, which he held only for a short period, on account of some legal technicality in connection with his residing beyond the city limits. In addition to this high honor conferred upon him by his fellow councillors, he was for some time president of the St. Andrew’s Society, president of the Eastern Townships Colonization Society, and vice-president of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Few men have been more highly respected as a public man. Straightforward in his dealings, he has easily won and retained the confidence of those associated with him in conducting public business. At present he is president of the Quebec City Mission; vice-president of the Literary and Historical Society, and chairman of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners. These offices he has held for a long period of years. For fifteen years he fulfilled the duties of treasurer of Chalmers’ Church, Quebec, a congregation in which he is one of the most highly-respected members and adherents. Indeed, in every good work Mr. Hossack is always to be depended upon to take his share. In 1868 he married Helen, daughter of the late Philip Peebles, of Quebec. His youngest sister is married to William Cassils, one of Montreal’s most prominent citizens.

Smith, Robert Barry, Barrister, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born at Portland, St. John, N.B., on the 15th May, 1852. His father was the Rev. William Smith, Wesleyan minister, who came to Nova Scotia from Nottingham, England, as a missionary, in 1827, and who died at St. Andrew’s, N.B., in 1862. His mother, Ellen Barry, was the fourth daughter of Robert Barry, who went to Virginia in one of the king’s ships, and having procured his discharge, settled there, and when the revolutionary war began left a very valuable property and emigrated to Nova Scotia, settling near Shelburne, and afterwards removing to Liverpool, N.S., where he died in 1839, greatly esteemed. Mr. Smith was educated at Mount Allison College, Sackville, N.B., and went through the arts course, but left without taking any degree. He studied law with A. A. Stockton, LL.D., now member of the New Brunswick legislature for St. John city and county. He was admitted an attorney in 1874, and called to the bar in 1875. In 1880 he removed to Dorchester, and practised in partnership with J. B. Beck, then clerk of the courts. In 1881 he, however, returned to Moncton, and has since been engaged in nearly every important case tried in the county. In 1885 he argued the “Scott Act Scrutiny” case before the Supreme Court of Canada at Ottawa, in the interests of the liquor dealers, in which, after six months’ consideration, a majority of the court gave an adverse opinion. In 1886 he argued before the same court against an appeal taken by the town of Moncton from the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, which had decided that the mode in which the town carried on its tax-sales of land was illegal, and was successful. He was counsel in the Cadby extradition case, in the interest of the United States, and succeeded in obtaining the prisoner’s extradition after much delay and argument. In this case he was associated with W. F. MacCoy, Q.C., of Halifax, and C. A. Palmer, of St. John, leading on the arguments. Mr. Smith is thought to be successful in criminal trials, and is generally employed for the defence. In 1884 he was appointed clerk of the circuits for Westmoreland county, and in the same year a police judge for Moncton, and holds these offices still. In 1886 he entered into a professional partnership with James Kay, and the firm is now doing a large business. Mr. Smith is a strong Liberal in Dominion politics, and supporter of the present local government. He has taken an active part in politics, both in canvassing and speaking throughout the constituency. In municipal politics he offered, in March, 1887, as a candidate for councillor in the 2nd ward, but was defeated by a small majority, on account of his opposition to the Scott Act. In religious matters he inclines to Methodism in most points, but is generally opposed to creeds and dogmas. He was married on the 29th June, 1875, to Miss T. W. Knapp, daughter of Charles E. Knapp, clerk of the peace for Westmoreland county, and a great-granddaughter of Major Dickson, who was a sturdy Indian fighter, and who commanded Fort Beauséjour (Cumberland) for some time. She was also a direct descendant of U. E. loyalists who settled near the fort.

Kennedy, James Thomas, Contractor and Builder, Indiantown, St. John, New Brunswick, was born in 1809, at Westfield, Kings county, New Brunswick. The paternal grandfather of Mr. Kennedy was born at Covent Garden, London, Eng., and before he attained his majority sailed for America in the frigate Cumden, which was laden with supplies for the loyalists during the American revolution. This vessel was cast away on the east end of Long Island, but the crew and passengers escaped with their lives. Soon after this, James Kennedy joined one of his Majesty’s foot regiments stationed near Boston, in which he served until the close of the war, and was afterwards removed to Fredericton, where he got his discharge. Here he married Elizabeth Belmain, who was born in Londonderry, Ireland, May 27th, 1750, and settled in Westfield, Kings county, where he died, leaving four children—James, Anne, John and Joseph, all of whom are now dead. John Kennedy, the father of James Thomas, was born at Westfield, June 27th, 1788, and was married to Mary Trott in 1810, by Parson Scoville, rector of the Episcopal Church, at Kingston, Kings county, by whom he had a family of twelve children—John, James T., Elizabeth, Mary B., Joseph E., Kate A., William D., Polly S., Samuel P., Sophia R., Sarah C., and Moses R., seven of whom are now residing in California. On 1st November, 1819, John Kennedy removed with his family from Westfield to the United States, James T. being at this time about ten years of age. They set sail from St. John in the fishing schooner Bunk, but as the war of 1812 had not yet been brought to a close, they were landed in a small boat at the mouth of the Penobscot river, and shipped in the coasting schooner Seven Brothers. The weather was cold and stormy, and on the 1st of December they were wrecked during a snowstorm on Cranberry Island. Here they remained on the beach from eight o’clock in the evening until two o’clock the following day. Mrs. Kennedy and the children suffered great hardships, the passengers having been brought to land by boats attached to a line. After a short delay on the island they sailed for Castine in a fishing schooner, and on their arrival at this place the unfortunate castaways were treated with great kindness by the inhabitants. The family remained in Maine until 1822, when they returned to New Brunswick and settled in Carleton county. James Thomas Kennedy, the subject of this sketch, received his education in Westfield, and was married on the 4th July, 1838, to Cynthia Waters, of Westfield, who was of loyalist descent. This lady died on the 17th July, 1839; and on the 27th November, 1845, he married Eliza Lingley, also of Westfield. Miss Lingley was a daughter of Abraham Lingley, a grandson of Jane Astor, a sister of the late John Jacob Astor, of New York, who came with a party of U. E. loyalists to New Brunswick in 1773. Her grandfather bore arms through the revolutionary war, and at its close settled at Nerepis Creek, Kings county, where he died in 1861, at the age of ninety-one years, and was buried on the anniversary of his birth. His wife died three weeks after him in the same place at the age of eighty-six years. Early in life Mr. Kennedy displayed that aptitude in business which has made nearly every enterprise in which he has engaged a success. In 1842 and 1843, we find him sailing a passenger steamer, and also in command of a boat, towing logs from Fredericton to St. John. And about the same time he erected two sawmills which he worked successfully. In 1841 he removed his family from Westfield to Indiantown, St. John, where he took up his residence. In 1843 he transported in boats from Spoon Island the granite that was used in the construction of the North Wharf buildings in St. John; and also conveyed from the same quarries the granite used in the building of the custom-house on Prince William street, destroyed by the great fire in 1877. This was one of the most imposing buildings erected in the Maritime provinces previous to confederation. He also transported the stones used in the fortifications about St. John, including those at Partridge Island, the Hampton Jail, and for the capital of the province at Fredericton. During the years 1878, ’79, ’80 Mr. Kennedy was engaged in the construction of the deep-water terminus of the Intercolonial Railway at Lower Cove, St. John, which is one of the most substantial structures of the kind on the coast of the Dominion; and in 1882 he completed the St. Peter’s canal at St. Peter’s, Cape Breton. It is half a mile in length, fifty-eight feet in breadth, eighteen feet in depth, and has a lock two hundred feet long and forty-eight wide. This canal—its usefulness being of great value—will stand for centuries as a monument to its builder. He took a great interest in the centennial celebration of the landing of the U. E. loyalists in St. John, which was held on the 17th May, 1873; and on the occasion presented to Portland an elegant freestone drinking fountain for man and beast, in commemoration of the day, and in memory of his only son, born 24th November, 1854, and who died on the 30th October, 1877. Mr. Kennedy was made a freeman of the city of St. John in 1839, and was appointed a magistrate in 1873. Although his business life has been a most active one, yet he has found time to travel through several of the states of the neighbouring Republic and in the provinces of Canada. During these rambles he has been a keen observer, and never failed to store his mind with facts likely to prove useful to him in the prosecution of his business. He has never been an aspirant for official honours, the only office he ever accepted being a seat in the Portland town council in 1874 and 1875. He has always been a constant advocate of temperance, and is a member of several temperance societies. In religious matters he is an adherent of the Episcopal church. Active in all movements calculated to improve the condition of the poor and to elevate the masses to a better appreciation of the duties and responsibilities of life. Five children have been born to Mr. Kennedy, one son and four daughters. Mr. Kennedy, we may add, is a Conservative in politics.

Cameron, Charles, Manager of the Great Northern Transit Company, Collingwood, Ontario, was born on the 24th February, 1835, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He is the son of Donald Cameron, of Appin, Argyleshire, one of the clan of Lochiel, and a slate manufacturer. His mother was Isabella Harper, and belonged to the parish of Marnoch, in Banffshire, Scotland. Mr. Cameron received a liberal education at the public schools of his native town, and was apprenticed to the joiner and millwright trade, and came to America in 1853. After spending one season in Cleveland, Ohio, and a second in Toronto, he went north to Collingwood, arriving in that place on the 7th February, 1855. After working at his trade for about two years, on the fine railway station, which is so conspicuous an ornament of the town of Collingwood, he went into the hotel-keeping, combining therewith livery stables, and controlling the principal mail stage routes of the vicinity, until 1871, when he retired from this business, and since that time has devoted his time mostly to the shipping enterprises with which he has since become identified. Mr. Cameron has ever been in the front with any and every undertaking calculated to benefit the town he has chosen as his home. He built the first schooner ever launched in the port, and was the primary promoter of the Collingwood Tug and Wrecking Co., the Georgian Bay Transportation Co., the Great Northern Transit Co., and the Collingwood Iron Foundry—all of them pioneer enterprises. Mr. Cameron is also an active member of the Agricultural and Horticultural societies in the county of Simcoe, and has been of great service to the farming community of this part of the province. He has aided greatly in the importation of valuable draught stallions, and thus gave an early impulse to the improvement of the breed of horses, now so noticeable in the local fall shows. Mr. Cameron held the offices of a councillor, reeve, and deputy-reeve for nine years, closing with the office of warden, to which he was elected by a unanimous vote of the county council of Simcoe, which at that time numbered fifty-four members, and ranked the fourth largest legislative body in the dominion. Although declining all municipal honours since 1881, he still enjoys the esteem of his former colleagues by representing them on the Collegiate Institute board, and this position he has held for the past fourteen years consecutively. Mr. Cameron is also vice-president of the Farmers’ North-West Land and Colonization Co., a director of the Collingwood Horticultural Society, treasurer of the North Simcoe Conservative Association, and manager of the Great Northern Transit Co. He is the largest property-owner in the town of Collingwood, and one of the largest in the county of Simcoe. Mr. Cameron is a Knight Templar of the Masonic order, in which he has held the office of eminent preceptor. He is a strong Conservative in politics, and in his religious opinions adheres to the Presbyterian church of his ancestors. He was married, in February, 1860, to Margaret Barron, daughter of George Lunan, formerly of Lower Canada, by whom he has had seven children. Four are living, viz., Isabella H. (married to Chas. E. Holmes, of Toronto), Alexander B., Chestena C., and Charles H. M. Mrs. Cameron died 12th April, 1885.

Cameron, William, Farmer, Sutherland River, Pictou, M.P.P. for Pictou county, Nova Scotia, was born at Sutherland River, Pictou, N.S., on the 25th September, 1847. His parents were Alexander Cameron and Margaret McKay, of New Glasgow. His paternal grandfather emigrated from Inverness, Scotland, and settled in Pictou about 1801, and his maternal grandmother came from the same place about 1790, and her parents were among the earliest settlers in New Glasgow. Mr. Cameron received his education at Dalhousie College, Halifax, and graduated from that institution in 1873 with the degree of B.A. He taught school for some years before going to college, and afterwards during college recess. He was for a time principal of the high schools of Westville, River John, and Bridgewater, and closed his teaching career in the mathematical department of the New Glasgow High School. For two years Mr. Cameron studied medicine at the Medical School at Halifax, but his health failing, and on account of the death of his brother, which took place in 1877, he abandoned his medical studies, and returned home to assist his father, who was now growing old, and his mother very infirm, both of whom demanded his company as well as his care. He has been auditor of the municipality of Pictou since 1884. In 1873 he joined the Masonic brotherhood, and has ever since taken an interest in the order. On the 8th March, 1887, a vacancy having occurred in Pictou county, in consequence of the resignation of A. C. Bell, the sitting member, Mr. Cameron offered himself as a candidate, and was elected for his native county to a seat in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. In politics he is a Conservative, of the independent type, and is a thoroughly practical man. In religion he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. In 1882 he was married to Mary Catherine Dawson, of Little Harbor, Pictou county, N.S.

Strothard, Rev. James, Pastor of Grafton Street Methodist Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Tadcaster, a small market town in Yorkshire, England, on the 5th August, 1847. His parents were Joseph and Mary Strothard. His father held a position of trust under the first Lord Londesborough, of Grimston Park, Yorkshire; and his maternal grandfather was a person of considerable wealth and importance, and for many years was a surveyor of highways. As a lad the Rev. Mr. Strothard attended the National Grammar School in the village of Ulleskelf, and from a very early age developed a love for books, often pursuing his studies long after the rest of the family had retired to rest. He won his first prize at school when only seven years of age, and a few years later received as a prize a fine Reference Bible. After leaving the Grammar School he spent two years in study at two first class boarding schools, and by this means he secured a good English education. He was religiously brought up in the Episcopal church, but having been converted in his fourteenth year, joined the Wesleyan Methodist Church in his native town. After attending the Sabbath-school as a scholar and teacher for four years, he was sent out as a local preacher when eighteen years of age. For several years he continued his theological studies under the guidance and with the assistance of the several ministers who successively occupied the circuit. Moving to Barnsley in 1868, he had also the advantage for two years of listening to the theological lectures from the Rev. Thos. H. Leal, at that time stationed there. While pursuing his theological studies with a view of offering himself to the English Wesleyan Conference for the West African mission field, he received in November, 1870, a letter from the Rev. Humphrey Pickard, D.D., who was then president of the Conference of Eastern British America, informing him that he had been chosen for the ministry in the Maritime provinces, and urging him to come out and accept an appointment at once. Believing this to be a call of Providence, he responded by embarking at Liverpool for Halifax on the 17th of December, 1870. His clerical companions were the Rev. Caleb Parker, now at Souris River, Manitoba, and the Rev. W. H. Emsley, of the Toronto Conference. After a stormy voyage of sixteen days, the City of Limerick steamed up Halifax harbor on Monday morning, 2nd January, 1871. His destination was Miramichi, New Brunswick. He labored on that circuit under the superintendence of the late Rev. Ingham Sutcliffe, until the conference of 1872; and was then appointed to take charge of the Charles Street Church in the city of Halifax, this being a small mission church at that time, and he was its first pastor. During his three years incumbency, the congregation and Sunday-school grew so rapidly as to necessitate an enlargement of the building. At the last session of the Conference of Eastern British America, held at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, in 1874, presided over by the Rev. John McMurray, D.D., he was ordained to the Methodist ministry, together with twelve other candidates, among whom were Rev. W. W. Brewer, of Centenary Church, St. John; Rev. W. Dobson, of Fredericton, and the Rev. Ralph Brecken, of Sackville, New Brunswick. From the conference of 1875 to 1878 he was stationed at Avondale, Hants county. During this period the circuit was visited with a gracious revival, and a large number was added to the church. The next three years were spent in Canning, Kings county. From thence he removed to Granville Ferry, Annapolis county, where he remained the full term. In 1884 he was invited to take charge of Providence Church, Yarmouth; and after three years of successful work in Yarmouth, he is now back in Halifax, having received an invitation to the Grafton Street Church, of which he is now pastor and doing good work in the Master’s vineyard. As a youth the Rev. Mr. Strothard served seven years in the First West York Battalion of Rifle Volunteers. He was admitted when only fourteen years of age (the regulation age being seventeen), being exceptionally tall for his age. He is associated with the Independent Order of Oddfellows; with the Independent Order of Good Templars; and with the order of Sons of Temperance, and for two years filled the office of Grand Chaplain of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of Nova Scotia. He has travelled a good deal, and has twice visited Great Britain and France via Boston and New York. He was married on the 8th of July, 1874, in the old Centenary Methodist Church at St. John, N.B., by the Rev. Henry Pope, D.D., to Alice Eliza, second daughter of Henry S. Beek, bookseller and bookbinder. Mr. Beek was born in Cork; Ireland, but came to New Brunswick early in life, his father being connected with the Crown Lands office in the city of Fredericton. He was married to Olivia, the daughter of Dr. Smith, of the Royal navy, by whom he had five sons and two daughters.

Trueman, Harmon Silas, M.D., Sackville, New Brunswick, was born on the 20th August, 1858, at Point de Bute, Westmoreland county, N.B. His father, Martin Bent Trueman (now, 1887, aged seventy-four years) was a son of Harmon Trueman, whose father, William Trueman, came to Westmoreland, then part of Cumberland, Nova Scotia, in 1775, from Yorkshire, England. He came in company with his parents, his father being also named William, and he William, junior, the only son. He, the younger William, left, however, a large family, and those descended from him now number over six hundred. Dr. Trueman’s mother, who is also still living, and aged sixty-nine years, is Bethia Purdy, daughter of Samuel Purdy, and grand-daughter of the late Colonel Gilbert Purdy. This gentleman served in the British forces during the American revolutionary war. For his bravery he was promoted to the rank of colonel, and on the declaration of peace received a life pension. His home was for many years in New York state, where he married one Phœbe Wood, and from which place he with his wife and two of his brothers removed to Cumberland, Nova Scotia, at the close of the war, they being of the true loyalist stock. Dr. Trueman received his primary education in his native parish, and afterwards carried to partial conclusion a course in arts at Mount Allison Academy and College. He took the regular medical course at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, during the years 1877-1880 inclusive. In the autumn of 1880 he settled in Sackville, and having purchased the premises of Dr. A. Fleming, who was leaving for Manitoba, he began the practice of his profession, and has ever since carried on practice without any interruption. He belongs to the Royal Arcanum. In politics he is a moderate Conservative, but takes no active part in political movements. He was brought up in the Methodist church, and still adheres to the same denomination. In 1880 he visited Europe, and travelled considerably in England and France. He has also visited most of the New England cities. The doctor takes an interest in military affairs, and has been a surgeon for two years in the 74th battalion of Canadian infantry. On the 22nd June, 1881, he was married to Priscilla Carlisle Bliss, daughter of the late A. A. Bliss, of Halifax, and closely connected with the Bliss family now largely distributed throughout America.

Dobson, Rev. William, Methodist Minister, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Bedeque, Prince Edward Island. His father, William Dobson, was a native of Yorkshire, and came to America in 1821, and settled in Prince Edward Island, where he began farming. In 1823 he married Ann Moys, the eldest daughter of Captain Thomas Moys, of Bedeque, and the subject of our sketch is the second son of this union. Rev. Mr. Dobson received his primary education at the public schools of his native place, and when about eighteen years of age entered the Grammar School, where he remained two years. He then went to Mount Allison College, where for a time he studied Greek, Latin, German, and theology. After leaving school he entered the ministry of the Methodist church, and since then he has occupied churches in Guysborough and Digby, in Nova Scotia; and Jacksonville, Sheffield, Albert, Potton, St. John, and Fredericton, in New Brunswick. He entered his present charge in Fredericton in 1886, and is very much respected by his congregation. Rev. Mr. Dobson takes an active interest in any movement calculated to advance the Redeemer’s kingdom on earth. On the 11th of August, 1874, he was married to Ella A. Morehouse, of Digby, N.S. Her parents were of the old loyalist stock, who settled in Nova Scotia during the American rebellion.

Robertson, George, Merchant, St. John, New Brunswick, was born on the 30th January, 1844, at Kingston, Kent county, N.B. His father, the late Duncan Robertson, ship-builder, was a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, whose forefathers had come from Perthshire and settled in Aberdeen. The mother of the subject of our sketch was Georgina Jardine, a native of Wamphray, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. Both parents first settled in Kingston, about the year 1834. Mrs. Robertson’s brothers, J. & T. Jardine have had a long and successful career as ship-builders and ship owners in Kingston; and her mother, Janet Paterson, came of a family which has provided some men of historical note: among others, William Paterson, the founder of the Bank of England, one of the promoters of the disastrous Darien scheme, etc., and Sir Walter Scott’s “Old Mortality,” etc. Mr. Robertson was educated in the English branches at the public schools, and at Sackville Academy, and spent the greater part of his boyhood in Moncton and Cocagne. He acquired some general knowledge of ship-building, shop-keeping, and farming; and in 1858-9 lumbered in a small way on his own account. The family having returned to Moncton in 1860, he shortly afterwards left for St. John in search of employment, and to make his way in the world. On his arrival in that city he found an opening in the establishment of James Macfarlane, then a leading grocer, and this gentleman he served in the capacity of clerk for seven years. In 1868, Mr. Robertson having saved some money, he began business on his own account, and continued to prosper until 1877, when the great fire occurred in St. John, and swept away a considerable portion of his property. He then retired from active business for about a year, in the meantime putting his affairs in order. In 1878 he made a fresh start, and since that period the world has gone well with him. He is now at the head of the firm of George Robertson & Co.,—having taken S. A. Corbitt, a few years ago, into partnership,—carrying on a large wholesale and retail business in groceries, and as importers of West India and Mediterranean produce. Their office is at 50 King street, and their warehouse at 17 Water street. Like all men in business, Mr. Robertson has had the usual amount of losses and worries, but has now the satisfaction of feeling that he has nevertheless succeeded, and also gained the esteem and respect of his fellow-citizens, and others, who have done business with him for many years past. Mr. Robertson was a captain in the St. John city light infantry militia. He is also a member of the St. Andrew’s Society of St. John; the Board of Trade, and a director of the Maritime Warehousing and Dock Company. He has taken part in various political discussions, and has strongly advocated trade reciprocity with the United States; St. John as a winter port for the Dominion; the short line railway with Montreal; St. John Harbor Commission, etc. In religion he is in accord with the Presbyterian form of worship, and is an elder in St. Andrew’s Church. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. He was married to Agnes Turner, a lady of Scotch descent, on the 18th June, 1873, and has a family of six children.

Hopper, Rev. John Elisha, M.A., D.D., Pastor of the Brussels Street Baptist Church, St. John, New Brunswick, is a native Canadian, having been born in Salisbury, Westmoreland county, N.B., on 18th December, 1841. He is son of Robert Hopper, whose father came from Hamilton, Yorkshire, England, among the earliest settlers in New Brunswick. He married Sarah Peck, a descendant of Joseph Peck, of Hingham, Norfolk county, England, who, with his brother, Rev. Robert Peck, in 1636, fled from persecution with other Puritans to New England, and settled in Hingham, Massachusetts, where, in addition to being a representative of the general court, he held other important offices. John Elisha Hopper completed his academic studies in the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton, N.B., and matriculated in Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., taking its course of study, save that of the junior year, which he spent at Madison University, New York, and graduating A.B. in June, 1862. His theological studies were pursued in part under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Cramp, of Acadia College, and in part at Regent’s Park College, London, England, with Rev. Dr. Angus and Rev. Dr. Ben. Davis, the celebrated Hebraist. Here we may say Dr. Hopper comes of Baptist parentage, and was baptized by the Rev. W. A. Coleman, at Harvey, Albert county, N.B., in December, 1858, and preached his first sermon, 29th April, 1860, in Greenfield, N.S. In 1865, after completing his theological studies, he for a short time preached at Shediac, Petitcodiac, and Sussex Vale. At the latter place the first regular services in connection with the Baptist denomination were held by him, and resulted in the establishment of one of the strongest churches in the place. In the same year he accepted an invitation to become associate principal with Rev. Dr. Spurden, of the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton, and the following year he succeeded him as principal. In September, 1868, Dr. Hopper was ordained a minister at Fredericton. In 1869 he resigned the principalship of the Baptist Seminary, and on the invitation of the Baptists of St. Stephen, began there the work of organizing a Baptist church. A handsome church edifice and parsonage were erected, and a good congregation and Sabbath-school gathered; and then in 1872 he accepted the pastorate of the First Baptist Church, Burlington, Iowa, and remained there six years, receiving into the fellowship of the church in that time over two hundred persons. In April, 1878, Dr. Hopper having purchased a half interest in the Christian Visitor newspaper, published in St. John, N.B., returned to Canada, Rev. Dr. George Armstrong becoming associated with him. In 1879 he bought the other half of the paper, and enlarged the printing, publishing and book business, editing and publishing the Christian Visitor, Canadian Record, Youth’s Visitor, Gem, and International Sunday school lessons. This business he carried on until 1885, when he sold it out, and assumed the pastoral charge of the Brussels Street Baptist Church. His relationship with this church began in 1880, and is still continued. He, however, still edits and publishes the Canadian Record and Sunday school papers. In 1870 Rev. Mr. Hopper received the degree of M.A. from Acadia College; and in 1882 that of D.D., from Morgan Park Theological Seminary, Chicago. In August, 1867, he married Emma, daughter of Deacon John Smith, of St. John.

Irvine, Matthew Bell, C.B., C.M.G., Commissary-General, Quebec, was born on the 7th January, 1832, in Quebec city. He is descended from an ancestry that have left their mark on Canada. Adam Irvine, son of Adam and grandson of Peter Irvine (spelt Irving in the Orcadian records of 1730), of Garson, in the Orkney islands, North of Scotland, came to Canada soon after the conquest, and was accidentally killed at Quebec, on the 7th May, 1776. His son, James Irvine, born in England in 1766, was a member of the mercantile firm of Irvine, McNaught & Co., of Quebec, and for a number of years was a member of both the Executive and Legislative councils of Lower Canada. In 1822 this gentleman was commissioned president of the Court of Appeal of the Executive Council in the absence of the chief justices of Montreal and Quebec; and in 1824 was nominated by letters-patent under the Great Seal, arbitrator for Lower Canada to adjust the duties between Upper and Lower Canada. He served in the militia of the province from 1803 until 1822, when he retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. James Irvine married on the 13th July, 1801, Anne, eldest daughter of John George Pyke, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and had issue two sons, John George and James. The latter died young; and the Hon. James Irvine died at Quebec on the 27th September, 1829. John George Irvine, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born at Quebec on the 31st December, 1802, and passed his early life in the firm of Irvine, McNaught & Co. In 1837, on the outbreak of the rebellion, he was appointed a captain in the Royal Quebec Volunteers. In 1838 he was gazetted a lieutenant-colonel and deputy-quartermaster-general of militia; and on the 5th November of the same year was commissioned major of the Queen’s Volunteers, a regiment raised for active service. He was appointed extra Provincial A.D.C. to the governor-general of Canada on the 14th November, 1851; Provincial A.D.C. on the 1st November, 1852; and principal A.D.C. on the 2nd October, 1868. On the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales in 1860, Colonel Irvine was nominated acting adjutant-general to attend on his Royal Highness during his official tour in Canada. He married, on the 4th February, 1826, Anne, third daughter of the Hon. Matthew Bell, of Three Rivers, and had issue four sons and four daughters. He died at Quebec on the 1st November, 1871, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. Of this family three sons and two daughters still survive; namely, Hon. George Irvine, judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court, Quebec; Acheson Gosford Irvine, lieutenant-colonel and late chief Commissioner of the North-West Mounted Police; Matthew Bell Irvine, commissary-general, Quebec; Eliza Inglis Irvine, and Frances Isabella Irvine. Commissary-General Irvine was educated at the High School of Quebec. On the 30th March, 1848, when a mere lad, he joined her Majesty’s Commissariat department of the army, and in this branch of the service he remained until the 1st of April, 1881, when he retired with the honorary rank of commissary-general. During this period he served in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America, and Australia. He was present in Turkey and the Crimea during the latter part of the Eastern campaign, in 1855-56. He was created a companion of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George, for services as senior control officer on the Red River expedition of 1870, under Colonel (now Lord) Wolseley; and was also created a companion of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath in 1874, for services as senior control officer during the Ashantee campaign under Major-General Sir Garnet Joseph (now Lord) Wolseley, K.C.M.G., C.B. In religion he is an adherent of the Church of England. He was married at Bayswater, London, England, on the 2nd June, 1875, to Charlotte Feodore Louisa Augusta, only child of the Rev. N. Guerout, of Berthier, en haut, Quebec, and widow of George A. L. Wood, of Quebec.

Wilson, Daniel, LL.D., F.R.S., President of the University of Toronto, was born in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1816. His father, Archibald Wilson had a large family. One of his sons, Dr. George Wilson, well known as an eminent chemist, was for some time professor of technology in the University of Edinburgh, and died in 1859. Dr. Daniel Wilson, the subject of our sketch, after passing through the High School, entered the University of his native city; and when he had reached his twenty-first year, went to London, England, to push his fortune. After a residence there of several years, during which he relied for support chiefly on the reward of his literary labors, he again turned north, and continued to wield his pen in Edinburgh, where he soon became distinguished for his ardent love for archæological studies. In his twenty-seventh year he came to Canada, at the insistance of the historian Hallam, who, with Lord Elgin, the then governor-general of Canada, warmly recommended the appointment of the young littérateur and zealous secretary of the Scottish Society of Antiquaries to the chair of history and English literature in University College, Toronto. The removal to Canada was a grave step in itself. But it was more than this when it broke in, as it did, upon serious studies pursued with great ardor, severed the dearest ties, social and professional, and withdrew from a promising field of labor one who was not only fast making his way to the front, but whose genuine abilities and true scientific devotion, had he remained in it, would doubtless have gained him rich pecuniary rewards, with many accompanying honors. However, to Canada he came, and one of the interesting as well as valuable souvenirs of his parting with his Scottish friends and scientific associates is a costly service of silver in the learned doctor’s possession, the inscription on which bears the testimony of his associates in the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, “To Dr. Wilson’s intelligent and faithful labors as secretary, and to their admiration of his great learning and genius so successfully devoted to the investigation of the archæology of Scotland.” Devoted student as he was of archæology, and much as he had done in Scotland to enrich the subject by laborious local research, Dr. Wilson, in coming to Canada, found a wide field for its pursuit on the American continent; and much has he assiduously gathered in the interval to add to the stores of information and reasonable conjecture in this interesting branch of science. The fruit of this is abundantly found in important treatises on the subject which have come from his pen, as well as in the many occasional papers contributed to the scientific journals and transactions of learned societies in both hemispheres. The number and bulk of the latter would fill many portly volumes, and are in themselves a monument of intellectual labor. In the brief space at our disposal we can give but a bald enumeration of the more important works which have come from Dr. Wilson’s pen. The first of these was “Memorials of Edinburgh in the Olden Time,” a work in two volumes, published in 1847, with illustrations from the author’s facile pencil. This interesting work, with his “Reminiscences of Old Edinburgh,” published in 1878, reveal Dr. Wilson’s tastes as an antiquary and his varied accomplishments in undertaking the work of tracing the history, antiquities and local traditions of the Scottish metropolis. A contemporary critic affirms of the first of these books, that “these volumes will do the author honor in his native city so long as the ancient capital of Scotland stands.” In 1851 appeared a kindred but more ambitious work in the wider field of Scottish antiquities, entitled “The Archæology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland.” This scholarly and elaborate production drew from the historian Hallam the criticism that it was the most scientific treatment of the archæological evidences of primitive history which had ever been written. The reviewers were also equally laudatory, a high authority saying that the work was “full of original views, bearing everywhere the stamp of independent investigation and of an independent judgment,” and calculated “to form an epoch in the study of the earlier antiquities of Scotland and of Britain at large.” Another competent authority speaks of this work as “one of extraordinary merit, particularly in the lucidity of its scientific combinations and inductions, the charm of its style, and the perfect fidelity of its many pictorial illustrations.” A second edition being called for, the author in 1863 republished the work, with large additions and a careful revision, under the shorter title of “Prehistoric Annals of Scotland.” The term “Prehistoric” in its earlier use, in 1851, it may be worth noting, was, we believe, a coinage of the author’s; he, at least, was the first to bring the word into vogue. In 1863 also appeared what may be considered the author’s magnum opus, a work embodying the results of researches in archæology and ethnology in both hemispheres, and of which two subsequent editions, considerably re-written, have appeared. Of this production, which bears the title of “Prehistoric Man: Researches into the Origin of Civilisation in the Old and the New Worlds,” the Edinburgh Witness at the time under the editorship of the geologist, Hugh Miller, remarks that “the topic is not only vast in range, complex in material, and difficult from its nature, but brings the man who ventures to discuss it into contact with momentous and perplexing questions touching the origin of civilisation, the unity of the human race, and the time during which man has been a denizen of this planet. Dr. Wilson proves himself at all points equal to his task.” This emphatic verdict has been endorsed in other eminent quarters, and high commendation passed upon the book, not only for its scientific value, but for the attractiveness of its literary style. To these works have to be added three volumes, which, though notable in themselves, by no means represent the bulk of Dr. Wilson’s purely literary labors. They are respectively entitled “Chatterton: a Biographical Study” (1869); “Caliban, the Missing Link” (1873); and “Spring Wild Flowers,” a volume of graceful verse. In the Chatterton biography, the author has lovingly gathered all that is worthy of record in the career of the ill-fated Bristol dreamer; and the volume is the best tribute known to us to the young poet’s genius. “Caliban” is an interesting Shakespearian study, combining great imaginative power with a strong critical faculty, and giving the reader much curious information, with not a little fanciful disquisition, on the Evolution theory. The little volume dedicated to the Muses, of which two editions have appeared, emphasises the twin sisterhood of Science and Poetry, and enshrines some thoughtful lines on religious and moral subjects, with several happy examples of lighter verse. In addition to these published works, a whole library of contributions from the author’s pen is scattered through the “Proceedings” of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, the London Anthropological Institute, the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution, the British and American Associations for the Advancement of Science; the “Journal” of the Canadian Institute (for some years edited by Dr. Wilson); and the “Transactions” of the Royal Society of Canada. Of this latter society, to the vice-presidency of the literature section of which Dr. Wilson was nominated by its founder, the Marquis of Lorne: the doctor has been the chief working supporter, and to it has contributed many valuable papers, both in literature and science. To the present (ninth), as well as to the earlier (eighth), edition of the “Encyclopædia Britannica,” Dr. Wilson has also been an extensive contributor. In the current edition, the articles on “Canada,” “Confederation,” and “Toronto” are from his pen, as are the biographical articles on “Ferguson” and “Chatterton”; while the article on “Edinburgh,” it is understood, was written by him, and, oddly enough, was sent to Scotland from Toronto. Besides this mass of literary work, a number of contributions from the same source, on literary and historical subjects, with a good many reviews, art critiques, and academical addresses, have from time to time appeared in the pages of the “Canadian Monthly,” the “Canada Educational Monthly,” The Week, and other native journals. These, with other important philanthropic and Christian labors in Toronto, covering the period of half a lifetime, bear witness to Dr. Wilson’s untiring industry, and the force and range of his mental powers, as well as mark the nobleness of his personal character. A sketch, however brief, of the life and work of Dr. Wilson would be singularly incomplete which contained no reference to his labors as an educationist, and to his onerous duties in University College, both as professor and since 1881, when he succeeded Dr. McCaul, as its executive head. In some respects, and perhaps with truth, it may be said that Dr. Wilson would have done more justice to himself if he had made a choice in his life’s work between literature and science rather than, as he has done, given the prose side of his mind to archæological studies, and reserved its poetical side for literature. But the financial circumstances of the institution with which he has been so long connected, made this from the first impossible, and compelled him, laboriously and ardently, to toil on in dual and somewhat incongruous fields of work. With the result, however, no one can reasonably quarrel, for in both fields it must be said he has acquitted himself well and won merited fame. He who would trace Dr. Wilson’s life in the sphere of his academic labors must do so with real enthusiasm, with loving sympathy, and with hearty admiration for the scholar and the man. His lifelong interest in Toronto University, the many sacrifices he has made for it, his devotion to the subjects he has so ably taught in the college, and his inspiring and elevating influence upon the students who have successively come under his care, are matters that require little dwelling upon by any local pen. Nor is there need to say a word to any graduate, of the college at any rate, of the learned doctor’s ever ready courtesy, of his kindness of heart, of his simplicity of character, or of his high moral worth. Testimony to these and other lovable qualities in the president of University College is, we are sure, as abundant as testimony is emphatic to the learning and genius of their gifted possessor. If the state, strangely enough, has done little to mark Dr. Wilson’s services, both to science and education, throughout a long and unwearying life, he has at least this consolation, that, among those who have had the honor of personally knowing him, appreciation of their number and worth lies deep in every breast. The passing years have dealt kindly with the subject of this brief sketch; the figure, always spare, is still erect, and the step has lost little in the march of time of its early elasticity. The eyes look at you with the old-time keen, rapid glance; and there is the same kindly note in the voice, which rises and falls with that familiar, soft, measured cadence, which belongs distinctively to those who hail from the Scottish metropolis. For thirty-five years President Wilson has been connected with the University and College of Toronto, and has given to that institution the abundant fruitage of a rich, matured, and industrious life. During that long period, though he has daily gone in and out among almost all classes of the people of Toronto, and in many ways has contributed to the intellectual life and to the enriching of the scientific thought of Canada, and, indeed, of the continent, there are not many, we fear, outside of academic circles who recognise the genius, the learning, and the pre-eminent abilities of Dr. Wilson, or who appreciate him as a man at his true worth. In a general way the few in Toronto may know him as a learned scientist, and perhaps as an accomplished littérateur; but to the mass of his fellow-citizens he is little more than a prominent educationist, and the head of the national university. If this statement seems unfair, let us ask, how many know of his great reputation and high recognised status in the first scientific circles of the Old World, or who think of him in the light of his deserts—as one of the foremost men of the age in his own special departments of archæological and ethnological science? Canada as yet has not been fertile in great men; but here doubtless is one, if we are to take the measure of his worth not only from his books, though these undoubtedly are an author’s best and truest memorial, but from the estimation in which he is held in high scientific circles abroad, and the unsought honors conferred upon him by many of the learned societies of Europe. Only eminent services to science could have secured him the recognition of crowned heads and the issue of royal diplomas setting forth these services, with enrolment among the distinguished honorary members of the great scientific societies and learned institutions of the mother land, and of France, Italy, and Denmark. Dr. Wilson has now reached the evening of his days, and as the lengthening shadows fall athwart him and his labors, the writer of this, with many who love him, may well wish that a life so singularly pure and worthy may be prolonged and continued for many years yet at the service of his adopted country. But when the line of the allotted span has been crossed, wishes we know must be vain; and the granite shaft in yonder cemetery, with its touchingly beautiful tribute “to the wife of his youth,” who “was the bright sunshine of a long and happy life,” is a monition which neither he nor any wise friend can disregard, however distant all may wish the day when the Master’s summons shall come to one who has been eminently faithful, and the sombre curtain shall drop for ever upon his work.

Miller, John Stewart, Centreville, Ontario, Treasurer of the Township of Camden, M.P.P. for Addington, was born on the 17th September, 1844, in the township of Camden, county of Addington. He is the only son of Thomas Miller and Christina Madden. The family came originally from Ireland and settled in New England. During the revolutionary war they left that country and moved to Three Rivers, and subsequently, in 1790, took up their abode in the Bay of Quinté. He received his primary education in the schools of his native place, and then entered the Commercial College at Belleville, where he graduated in 1871. He then began farming on the homestead, lot No. 30, seventh concession of Camden, and here he continued his agricultural pursuits until 1886. In 1883 Mr. Miller began with a partner, business as a general merchant in the village of Centreville, and is still engaged in mercantile pursuits. He has taken a deep interest in military affairs, and in 1879 held the rank of lieutenant in the 48th battalion, and on the disbandment of this corps became attached to the 47th battalion. In 1875 he was appointed clerk of Camden township, and on resigning this office in 1886, received the appointment of treasurer of the same township, and this office he still holds. He joined the Orange Association in 1864, and served as county master in 1878-9. He became a member of Prince of Wales lodge, No. 146, of the Free and Accepted Masons in 1869; assisted in organizing Victoria lodge, No. 229, and was its master in 1870-71; and in 1883 he helped to organize Lorne lodge, No. 404, and was elected its first master, holding the office for three years. Mr. Miller has always taken an active interest in politics, and in 1880 was elected secretary-treasurer of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Addington. He presented himself in 1886 for parliamentary honors, and in December of the same year was elected to represent his native county in the Ontario legislature by a handsome majority over his opponent. In politics, as will be seen above, Mr. Miller is a Liberal-Conservative. His mother joined the Methodist church in 1828—who, by the way, is still alive, and a member of the same church—and the son is connected with the same religious body. He has been twice married; first, in 1871, to Carrie, second daughter of James Hawley. She died on the 24th February, 1874. He married, the second time, in 1877, Anne, eldest daughter of the late Robert Robertson, of Kingston.

Choquette, Philippe Auguste, LL.B., Advocate, Montmagny, Quebec province, M.P. for the county of Montmagny, was born on the 6th January, 1854, at Belœil, county of Verchères. His ancestors came from Amiens, Picardie, France, in 1643, and settled in Varennes, in the county where the subject of our sketch was born. His parents were Joseph Choquette, farmer, and Marie Thaïs Audet. He received his education at St. Hyacinthe College, and at Laval University, Quebec, and graduated B.C.L. from the latter institution in 1880, having previously taken the silver medal given by the governor-general, Lord Lorne. While he was prosecuting his studies at Laval, he acted as private secretary to the Hon. Honoré Mercier, then solicitor-general in the Joly administration, and now premier of Quebec province. He held, for about three years and a half, the position of book-keeper in a wholesale boot and shoe establishment in St. Hyacinthe before he began to study law. He then returned to Quebec in 1877, and entered the office of the Hon. François Langelier, M.P., and mayor of Quebec, to study law. After being admitted to the bar of Lower Canada in 1880, he removed to Montmagny, where he successfully practised his profession. Since 1877 he has been a contributor to L’Union, of St. Hyacinthe, and L’Electeur, of Quebec; and was publisher of La Sentinelle, a weekly paper at Montmagny, during the years 1883 and 1884. In 1878 he began to take an active part in politics; and in 1882 he ran for a seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa against A. C. P. R. Landry, the Conservative candidate, but was defeated by a majority of 120 votes. At the general election held in 1887 he again presented himself in opposition to Mr. Landry, and this time carried his election by a majority of 193 votes. Mr. Choquette has travelled through the principal parts of the United States. He has been secretary of the Reform Club of the county of Montmagny since 1881. In politics he is a strong Liberal, a free trader, in favor of commercial union, and would not object to annexation to the United States. He is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church, but objects to the clergy interfering and mixing in political contests. On the 29th August, 1883, he was married to Marie, daughter of A. Bender, prothonotary of the Superior Court, and granddaughter of the late Sir E. P. Taché baronet, A.D.C. to her Majesty the Queen, and one of the promoters of confederation.

Méthot, Right Rev. Michel Edouard, A.M., D.D., Quebec, Domestic Prelate of his Holiness, also Professor of Literature at Laval University, and of Moral Theology at the Grand Seminary of Quebec, member of the Archiepiscopal Curia of Quebec, was born on the 28th July, 1826, in the parish of Ste. Croix, county of Lotbinière, province of Quebec. His parents were Joseph Méthot, farmer, and Marie Xavier Desrochers. In 1839 he entered the Little Seminary of Quebec, where he followed the literary and scientific course of that institution. In 1847, having completed a classical course of instruction, he entered the Grand Seminary of Quebec, and went through a course of theology, being admitted to the holy orders in 1849. It may truly be said that Monsignor Méthot has devoted his entire life to the education of the youth of his country, teaching at first in the Little Seminary of Quebec, and then successively at the Grand Seminary and at Laval University, where he gave a public course of literature. He was also prefect of studies for ten years at the Little Seminary, twice director of the Grand Seminary, librarian of Laval University, and lastly, superior of the Seminary and rector of the University for seven years. He was the first vice-rector of the branch of Laval University in Montreal, which positions he resigned at the end of the academic year 1886-7 owing to ill-health. He visited Europe twice, the first time in 1860, when he went to England, France, and Italy. Our readers need not be surprised if we tell them that Monsignor Méthot visited the principal institutions of learning, colleges, museums, the most celebrated libraries, and monuments of arts of those countries, his taste and eagerness for learning leading him to choose those attractions in preference to all others. In 1866, having obtained leave of absence to recuperate from the exhausting labor of teaching, he crossed the Atlantic a second time and passed a whole year in Belgium. Rest, however, consisted in further studies. On his arrival in Belgium he went to the Catholic University of Louvain and applied himself to the study of theology, scriptures, and ecclesiastical history in that celebrated institution of learning. He has contributed to the newspaper and periodical press of the Province of Quebec several articles, biographical sketches and literary essays, which will help the historian of the future to write accurately the history of our Dominion. Mgr. Méthot was elevated to the dignity of domestic prelate by his Holiness Pope Leo XIII. in 1887.

Cloran, Henry Joseph, B.C.L., Barrister, Montreal, was born in that city on the 8th May, 1855. His father and mother are both Irish. The former, Joseph Cloran, is a native of county Galway, and the latter, Ann Kennedy, is from county Limerick. Having received his primary education in the Christian Brothers’ School at home, and passed a year in the public schools of New York, he entered the Montreal College in 1868, where he made a complete and successful course of classical studies. On graduating from college in 1875, he left for Europe, where during three years he prosecuted a course of scientific, philosophical and theological studies in the celebrated college of St. Sulpice, in Paris. During his sojourn in Europe he visited Italy, Switzerland, France, England and Ireland, and returned to Canada strongly equipped for the combats of the future with an extensive stock of knowledge, and a precious ensemble of information on the Irish question and general European politics. On his return home, Mr. Cloran filled for a year a professorship of English literature in his alma mater, the Montreal College. He then took a course of law in the Universities of Laval and McGill, and graduated from the latter with the degree of B.C.L. He studied in the offices of the eminent legal firm of the late Edward Carter, Q.C.; Hon. R. Church, now judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench; and of Hon. J. A. Chapleau, ex-premier of Quebec, and now Secretary of State. At the close of his law studies, the editorship of the Montreal Post and of the True Witness became vacant in 1882 by the resignation of J. C. Fleming. This responsible and important position was offered to Mr. Cloran, who accepted, and then commenced a journalistic career which has been crowned with marked success. We have no need to dwell upon the cleverness, judgment and ability displayed by Mr. Cloran in the functions of editor, nor upon the success he achieved. The Post is the only Irish daily paper in America, and he made it the organ of Irish Canadian opinion, esteemed by friends and feared by foes. The articles from Mr. Cloran’s pen have been widely reproduced and commented on by the leading papers in Canada and the United States, and even in the European press. In 1886 when the board of directors wished to give the support of the Post to certain Tory candidates in the general provincial elections of that year, the young editor declined to obey their mandate, and rather than write a single line inconsistent with his convictions, he threw up the editorship of the paper. Mr. Cloran is a man of principle, and has on all occasions the courage of his convictions. There is no hypocrisy in his nature; he is at all times manly and straightforward. Animated by no prejudice, he bends and yields to none. His public opinions are also his private ones—a trait which is not always to be discovered in the character of public men. He is an ardent lover of fair play, and finds his pleasure in championing the cause of the weak and the wronged. An Irish Canadian, and an uncompromising Home Ruler, like all patriotic Irishmen, he ranks among the number of those broad and liberal minds who do not shut themselves up in the narrow circle of an exclusive programme. The cause of the half breeds of the North-West—which is, after all, the same in many respects as that of the Irish people—naturally found in Mr. Cloran a willing and earnest advocate. His attitude on the North-West and Riel questions was inspired by the purest and most patriotic of motives. Living in the midst of French Canadians, whose friend he is, and a patriot from a Canadian as well as an Irish standpoint, Mr. Cloran rightly believed he was consistent with himself in joining with them in the province of Quebec to defend provincial rights and autonomy. He finds, with much reason, that Home Rule, if it is good for Ireland, is equally good for Canada; and he has in consequence labored with all liberal minds for the cause of provincial autonomy, which is, in Canada, the condition necessary to ensure union and harmony among the different races, and consequently the condition essential to the future grandeur and prosperity of our country. Mr. Cloran’s public and political career began on the 16th November, 1885, when he was unanimously chosen at a meeting of citizens, jointly with George H. Duhamel, now the solicitor-general of the province, to fill the position of secretary to the national movement that was inaugurated to secure the defeat and overthrow of Sir John A. Macdonald’s government, for the mal-administration of the North-West Territories, and the execution of the leader of the half breeds. He took a prominent part in the historic mass meeting of fifty thousand people assembled, from all parts of the province, on the Champ de Mars, Montreal, where he distinguished himself at one bound as an orator capable of speaking in both the French and English languages. He went through the famous winter campaign of 1886, and during the late provincial elections he fought a brilliant and victorious battle in company with Messrs. Laurier, Mercier, Bellerose, Duhamel and Bergeron, which resulted in the final overthrow of the old Conservative government, and the general break-up of the Tory and “Bleu” party which had controlled the destinies of Quebec almost uninterruptedly since confederation. No one contributed more to the establishment of the National administration of Hon. Honoré Mercier in Quebec than Mr. Cloran. There was not a National candidate who made a vain appeal to him for assistance. Always in the breach, and always at the disposal of his friends, Mr. Cloran covered almost the entire province; he addressed mass meetings in over forty counties, and everywhere he appeared he won the esteem and the confidence of the people who heard him. In the short space of one year he became one of the most popular orators, and one of the political lights of the province. Mr. Cloran placed himself at the service of the Liberal party to fight out the election campaign in Ontario, and put down the “No Popery” brigade in favor of the Mowat administration, which carried the standard of honest government and of civil and religious liberty. He took an active part in the struggle in the counties of Glengarry, Stormont and Prescott, where the three Liberal candidates were elected by large majorities. In showing no hesitation to go to Ontario to assist the Liberal government of Mr. Mowat, Mr. Cloran and his Quebec friends contributed much towards giving its true signification to the National movement. They clearly proved thereby that in the minds of none of them there never was harbored the slightest thought of a war of races, as was pretended by the Tory press and speakers; that far from attempting to divide and separate the different races, they were, on the contrary, ready and willing to strengthen more firmly than ever the bonds that unite us from one end to the other of the Dominion, irrespective of race and creed. In the general elections of 1887 for the House of Commons at Ottawa, Mr. Cloran was selected by the Liberal party as their standard bearer for Montreal Centre, one of the largest and most important constituencies in the Dominion. Although defeated, he almost doubled the Liberal vote given in the election of 1882, and succeeded in reducing the previous majority of his opponent, J. J. Curran, Q.C., M.P., by some five hundred votes. Before becoming one of our most noted public men, Mr. Cloran had occasion, at different times, to give proof of his energy and ability in occupying honorary positions in a number of literary, athletic and national and other organisations to which he was called by the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. It was thus that he was elected president of the Catholic Young Men’s Society, of Montreal, in 1880 and 1881. He was chosen secretary of the Parnell Reception Committee, which was the grandest accorded the great Irish leader in his memorable visit to America seven years ago. He has filled the office of president of the Press Association of the province of Quebec. An amateur of Canadian sports, he is the president of the renowned Shamrock Lacrosse Club. A Home Ruler, he is president of the Montreal branch of the Irish National League. He was a delegate to the Irish National Convention at Chicago in 1886, where he distinguished himself by two eloquent speeches. He was chairman of the organisation that gave Michael Davitt, the father of the League, a reception which has never been surpassed for brilliancy and enthusiasm. He is first vice-president of the St. Patrick’s Society; and is a director of the Montreal Diocesan Colonization Society, under the presidency of his Grace Mgr. Fabre. At the convention of the Young Liberals of the Dominion, held last July, he was elected as the Irish representative from Quebec province on the executive committee. Mr. Cloran was also a delegate to the Central Trades and Labor Council, in the foundation of which he took an active part. Since his début in public life he has not ceased to interest himself in the welfare of the working classes. His pen and voice were always at their service. He was also the chief organiser of the immense popular demonstrations and receptions accorded to William O’Brien, M.P., editor of United Ireland, on the memorable occasion of the latter’s visit to Montreal. Having abandoned journalism, he prepared himself for the bar, and on the 7th July, 1887, after a severe and brilliant examination, he was admitted with honors to the practice of the law. Although still young in years Mr. Cloran has acquired much valuable experience, and, as has been seen, has played an honorable and influential rôle in society, and has rendered distinguished service to his country. Mr. Cloran married, in 1882, Agnes, the third daughter of Michael Donovan, a leading Irish citizen and business man of Montreal, and for years president of the St. Patrick’s Society, and of the Irish National League.

Edwards, William Cameron, Manufacturer of Lumber, Rockland, Ontario, M.P. for the county of Russell, was born in the township of Clarence, Russell county, in 1844. His father, William Edwards, was a native of Portsmouth, England, and came to Canada about 1820, and settled in Clarence township. Here, for a long period, he took a leading part in all movements intended for the advancement of the district in which he resided, and was for over twenty years reeve of the township. The mother of the subject of our sketch, Ann Cameron, was a native of Fort William, Scotland. William was educated in the Ottawa Grammar School, and when he had reached the age of nineteen was employed by Cameron & Edwards, lumbermen, of Thurso, and here he remained for a number of years. In 1868 he joined in a partnership with James Wood, and they, having built a small steam sawmill at Rockland, on the Ottawa river, commenced the lumber business under the firm name of W. C. Edwards & Co. The business having proved successful, in 1871 Cameron & Edwards gave up their establishment at Thurso, and threw in their lot with W. C. Edwards & Co., at Rockland. A large mill was then erected, and their business steadily increased. In 1875 a fire visited the locality, and unfortunately destroyed the whole premises of the firm, including mills, docks, buildings, plant, and indeed everything pertaining to the establishment, and besides a large stock of sawn lumber. And to add to this misfortune, the amount of their insurance did not cover one-third of the loss. Nothing daunted, the firm went to work, the same year, to rebuild, and in the spring of 1876 they were at work again. Since this time their business has largely increased, and the firm now give employment to a great number of hands. Previous to the opening of the mills at Rockland there were only two or three houses in the place; but to-day the village has a population of about fifteen hundred; is incorporated; and has a post office, telegraph office, stores, school house, churches, a good public hall, a division court, etc. Mr. Edwards has always been the sole manager of the firm’s business, and, as may be seen, has very successfully conducted its affairs. In 1866 he succeeded in forming the Thurso infantry company, and for three years, up to his leaving the village, was captain of this company. He has been for many years a justice of the peace, and has also been reeve of the village of Rockland. During the past four years he has been president of the County of Russell Agricultural Society, and has done considerable towards promoting the improvement of stock and the general advancement of agriculture in the county. He is a Liberal in politics, and in 1882 he unsuccessfully contested Russell for a seat in the House of Commons against Moss Kent Dickinson. Again at the last general election he entered the field, and was elected by a majority of 156 votes over C. H. McIntosh, who opposed him. Mr. Edwards is an adherent of the Baptist church. In 1885 he was married to Catherine M., eldest daughter of William Wilson, of Cumberland, Ontario, who for many years has been the leading business man of his township, and over twenty years its reeve, and a justice of the peace.

Jones, Sir David, Brockville.—The late Sir David Jones, who was born in 1794, died on the 23rd August, 1838, at Brockville, Ontario, where he and his family long resided. Few men were more respected, and none could be held in higher estimation by his countrymen. He was an uncompromising supporter of British interests. On visiting England in 1835, as agent of the Brockville Loan and Trust Company, he received the honor of knighthood from His Majesty William IV., at Windsor Castle, being the first native of Ontario who had the honor of receiving so distinguished a mark of royal favor. Sir David died after an illness of only five days, and his early demise cast a gloom over his native place.

Kemble, William, Quebec.—This talented journalist was a native of Surrey, England, and a member of a distinguished mercantile family in London, one of whom, at the time of Mr. Kemble’s death, was a member of the Imperial parliament, for the county above mentioned. He was born in 1781, and died at Quebec, on the 25th February, 1845. While editing the Quebec Mercury, from 1823 to 1842, he greatly distinguished himself as a writer, and the spirit and raciness that characterized his writings will long be remembered by his confrères of the press. His talents were of a high order. He was also a generous contributor to many periodicals, including the then celebrated “Simmond’s Colonial Magazine,” of London, England.

McMicken, Hon. Gilbert, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Agent of the Commercial Union Assurance Company of London, England, is a native of England, having been born in London in 1813, but was from earliest infancy brought up in Glenluce, Wigtonshire, Scotland, of which country, his father was a native. He left Scotland in 1832, and landed at the port of Quebec on the 1st July of the same year. He proceeded to Montreal, and remained there about three weeks, and then went to Toronto (then Little York). From Toronto he removed, in September, to Chippewa, and engaged in the forwarding business. In July, 1838, he was appointed collector of customs, at Queenston, and subsequently held the same office at Suspension Bridge, near Niagara Falls. In 1851 was warden of the united counties of Lincoln and Welland; and was the first mayor of Clifton, and served for several subsequent terms in the same office. In 1857 Mr. McMicken entered the political field, and was elected to represent the county of Welland in the parliament of Canada, which he did for four years. In 1860 he moved to the county of Essex; and in 1864 was appointed stipendiary magistrate with jurisdiction over the whole Western Canada frontier, and in this capacity he successfully quieted frontier excitement, especially in the cities of Detroit and Buffalo, and afterwards received the special thanks of Lord Monck, the then governor-general of Canada, for his services on this occasion. He managed the extradition of Burley, for piracy on lake Erie; and also adjudicated upon and extradited the parties in the two celebrated express robbery cases of Reno and Anderson and of Morton and Thomson. He discovered and arranged the settlement of the disputed line of international boundary at the St. Clair flats canal. In 1865 Mr. McMicken was specially charged to watch over the Fenian movement in the United States in that year, and continued to do so until their last efforts at invasion failed in 1870. During these exciting times, and on the occasion of the murder of T. D’Arcy McGee, on Sparks street, Ottawa, he had committed to his care the government and parliament buildings in that city, and the persons of the members of the government and of parliament then at the capital; and protected, by convoy, the persons of Black, Richot and Scott, delegates from Manitoba, from the United States to Ottawa, during the first troubles in the North-West. In 1869 he was appointed to accompany his Royal Highness Prince Arthur, and his suite, with Governor-General Young, Lady Young, and Colonel Elphinstone, in their tour through Ontario, thence to Montreal, and then on to Ottawa, and for the valuable services rendered the party he received the special thanks of Prince Arthur, accompanied by a valuable souvenir. In 1871 he was made agent of the Dominion lands in Manitoba, and assistant receiver-general, Dominion auditor, manager of the Dominion savings banks, and immigration agent. In the same year he was instrumental in preventing a rising of the Metis when the Fenians offered to come over from the United States to help them. From 1874 to 1877 he was the acting inspector of the Manitoba Penitentiary, and in the latter year he retired from the government service on a pension, having served the Dominion faithfully and well. In 1879 he was elected to represent Cartier in the Manitoba legislature, was chosen speaker of that body, and retired from political life on the dissolution of the parliament in 1883. In 1879 he was appointed agent of the Commercial Union Assurance Company of London, England, and this position he still holds. Though greatly advanced in age, he is still hale and hearty, and a good many years of usefulness are still apparently before him. Hon Mr. McMicken married at Chippewa, on the 19th February, 1835, Ann Theresa, grand-daughter of Commodore Grant.

Masson, Lt.-Colonel Louis François Roderique, ex-Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec, was born at Terrebonne, on November 7th, 1833. He is the fourth son of Hon. Joseph Masson, a member of the Legislative Council of Canada, at the time of his death, and M. G. Sophie Raymond, of Laprairie. Mrs. Masson died in 1883, at Terrebonne, where she was buried. The ceremonies of her funeral were very impressive, the archbishop of Montreal officiating; the musical service, under the leadership of Professor Guillaume Couture, of Montreal, with a select choir of forty male voices, was the grandest ever performed in the country. Besides distributing a considerable fortune to her children and relatives, she left princely legacies to various charitable institutions, the Deaf Mute Institution of Montreal receiving for its share a sum of $20,000. The ancestors of Mr. Masson came to Canada very early, and settled originally in Saint Eustache. At the present time the ramifications of the family spread over the whole province of Quebec. The subject of our sketch was educated at the Jesuits’ College, Georgetown, Worcester, Mass., and at St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, where he completed his classical studies. During this period he travelled for two years through Europe and the Holy Land, in company with that distinguished scholar, Rev. Mr. Désaulniers, of St. Hyacinthe College. Their tour lasted twenty four months, and was productive of immense benefit to young Masson, both in a physical and mental point of view. At the conclusion of his classical course he entered the law office of the late Sir George Etienne Cartier, in Montreal, where he resided three years, and in November, 1859, he was admitted to the bar. He never, however, practised his profession. Since October, 1862, he has held a commission in the Canadian volunteer force. On August 21st, 1863, he was appointed brigade-major 8th military district of Lower Canada, doing active duty on the frontier during the first Fenian raid, March, 1866; and also during the second raid in the same year, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1867. Colonel Masson has held various offices in the municipality of his native town, and was mayor of Terrebonne in 1874. In 1867 he was first elected to parliament as representative for the county of Terrebonne, and at every subsequent election he was re-elected by acclamation. He is perhaps the most popular man in the province of Quebec among his constituents. He is a Conservative, and stands very high in the estimation of his chiefs. In 1873 he was offered a seat in the Macdonald cabinet, but declined; the outspoken views he held on the amnesty for political offences in Manitoba, and on the settlement of the New Brunswick mixed schools question, forbade his acceptance of the honour proffered, unless he should make a sacrifice of principles. He is in favour of a reciprocity treaty with the United States, provided Canada is able to get equitable terms; of a moderately protective tariff, and he always advocated the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway wholly on Canadian soil. In 1878, when the Mackenzie administration resigned, Mr. Masson, who was travelling in Europe, was offered a portfolio in the new cabinet, and he sailed immediately for Canada. On his arrival (19th October), he was sworn in a member of her Majesty’s Privy Council and minister of militia and defence. Under his energetic administration numerous improvements and useful changes were effected in the Canadian militia organization,—more especially the establishment of drill associations in educational institutions, the supply of military clothes from Canadian manufacture, the manufacturing in the country of gunpowder, cartridges, heavy guns, etc. For reasons of health he was forced to discontinue the arduous labours he had undertaken, and on the 16th January, 1880, he resigned his position of minister of militia and defence, and was appointed president of the Privy Council. Mr. Masson resigned his seat in the cabinet in 1880, and in 1882 was called to the Senate. In 1884 he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and he held that position until the 7th November, 1884, when he resigned, to assume the duties of lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec. In 1856 Col. Masson married Louise Rachel, eldest daughter of Lieut.-Col. Alexander Mackenzie, and granddaughter of Hon. Roderique Mackenzie, once a member of the Legislative Council of Canada, and a partner in the North-West Fur Company; by this marriage he had issue five children, three sons and two daughters. Mrs. Masson died, and in 1884 he married his second wife, Cécile Burroughs, eldest daughter of John H. Burroughs, prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Canada.

Belleau, Sir Narcisse, K.C.M.G., Q.C., ex-Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec, was born on the 20th October, 1808, in the city of Quebec, where he was educated, and where he still resides. Shortly after leaving school he chose law as a profession, and soon built up a lucrative business. Being a public spirited gentleman, he took an active part in municipal affairs, and in 1860, when the Prince of Wales visited Canada, Mr. Belleau was mayor of Quebec, and on this auspicious occasion he had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him. He entered the Legislative Council in 1852, soon made his mark there, and in 1857 was elected speaker of that body. This elevated position he retained until 1862, when he received the appointment of minister of agriculture in the Cartier-Macdonald administration. In 1865 he was persuaded to undertake the responsible duties of premier and receiver-general, and held these important offices until appointed lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec in 1867. Sir Narcisse took an active part in all the most celebrated trials at this time in contested election cases, and his voice was no insignificant one in all and more than peculiarly delicate questions which so frequently arose during the time he was speaker of the upper house before confederation. As a legal adviser in civil cases he had few compeers at the time of his practising in Quebec that were recognized as his equal, still less his superior. Though now well advanced in years he still possesses a large circle of friends inside and outside of politics, and is a gentleman highly respected in his native city. His excellency Señor Don Boniface de Blas, minister of foreign affairs, by order and in the name of his Majesty the King of Spain, for services rendered on the occasion of the projected invasion of Cuba by the filibusters, conferred upon him the dignity of commander and grand officer of the royal order of Isabella la Catolica, in 1872, and on the 24th May, 1879, he had the still higher honour conferred upon him of being made a knight commander of the order of St. Michael and St. George, by her Majesty Queen Victoria, at the hands of the Marquis of Lorne, late governor-general, in the presence of her Royal Highness the Princess Louise. Sir Narcisse Belleau, now an old man, can look back on his past record as barrister, mayor, speaker of the Legislative Council, minister of agriculture, receiver-general, premier and lieutenant-governor of his native province, with satisfaction—having filled these high offices with credit to himself and honour to his country—and enjoy the remainder of his days as a public benefactor and a humane sympathetic Christian gentleman should always be able to do. On the 15th September, 1835, Sir Narcisse was married to Mary, daughter of the late L. Gauvreau, at one time a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. There is no issue by the marriage.

Desaulniers, François Sévère Lesieur, B.C.L., Yamachiche, M.P. for St. Maurice, Quebec Province. The subject of this sketch is a member of one of the oldest, most well known and respectable families of the province of Quebec—the Desaulniers having come from France to Canada some time during the seventeenth century (1642), and settled in the district of Three Rivers. He is descended from Charles Lesieur, who was a notary royal and solicitor general under the French government, and of Françoise de Lafond, a niece of Pierre Boucher, the illustrious governor of Three Rivers under the government of M. de Mésy (1663). Mr. Desaulniers is the son of the late François Lesieur Desaulniers, and of the late Marguerite Pothier, and was born at Yamachiche on the 19th September, 1850. He received his education at Nicolet College, an institution to which both church and state are greatly indebted for having produced many citizens who distinguish themselves in the various walks of public life. After successfully passing his examinations, Mr. Desaulniers was admitted to the bar on the 13th January, 1879, at Three Rivers, and is now a member of the legal firm of Desilets, Desaulniers & Duplessis of that city. But his love for journalism was evidently greater than for the law, for we meet him, while studying law, editing the Constitutionnel at Three Rivers, a journal founded by one of the most distinguished French Canadian writers, the late Hon. E. Gérin, legislative councillor. Later on, from 1875 to 1877, we find him in Quebec, as assistant editor of Le Canadien, whilst he contributed several editorials and political articles to the Revue Canadienne of Montreal, to Le Foyer Domestique of Ottawa, as well as to several other papers. Mr. Desaulniers’ political career began in 1878, when he was, for the first time, returned to the Quebec parliament, at the general elections, for his native county, St. Maurice, P.Q. He was elected by a majority of 245 votes over his opponent, L. A. Lord. At the general elections of 1881 he was re-elected for the same constituency by a majority of 110 votes over S. J. Remington. While in the Quebec parliament he was a moderate Liberal-Conservative, and a strong supporter of the conciliatory and moderate policy inaugurated by the Chapleau government. In 1886, at the late provincial elections, Mr. Desaulniers withdrew from the political arena to accept a charge from the provincial government. Upon the recommendation of the Hon. M. de la Bruère, speaker of the Legislative Council, he was, on the 2nd November, 1886, appointed by the Ross government deputy-clerk and clerk of the private bills of the Legislative Council of Quebec, vice J. A. Jodoin, resigned. Lately a vain attempt was made to deprive him of this office, but by a unanimous vote of the Legislative Council his appointment was confirmed. On the 22nd February, 1887, Mr. Desaulniers was returned to the Dominion parliament for his old and faithful constituency of St. Maurice, where he enjoys a well-deserved popularity. He won the contest this time by a majority of 267 votes over his opponent, L. A. Lord. While devoting all his energies to the fulfilment of his numerous duties as representative of the people, Mr. Desaulniers, who takes a deep interest in agriculture, has been unanimously elected for ten years consecutively as president of the Agricultural Society of the county of St. Maurice. He has also been a justice of the peace since 1878. In politics Mr. Desaulniers is a staunch Conservative. He strongly endorses the protective policy adopted some years ago, and is a warm supporter of the Sir John A. Macdonald administration. In July, 1877, he married, at St. Guillaume d’Upton, Marie Aglaé Maher, daughter of Francis Maher, merchant, whose ancestors came from Stuttgart, Germany. They have five children living. Mr. Desaulniers is extremely popular in his own constituency and in the neighbouring counties, where he has often addressed large meetings on all the vital issues of the day, and performed many acts of kindness and liberality—winning, at the same time, for himself the esteem and respect of all by his social qualities, his proverbial hospitality, his sterling integrity, and his devotedness to the public interests.

McClelan, Hon. Abner Reid, Senator, Riverside, Hopewell, New Brunswick, was born where he now resides, in 1831. He is the youngest son of the late Peter McClelan, who was for a considerable period a justice of the peace, and of the common pleas, in the county of Albert. His paternal ancestry were Irish; but his mother (Robinson) was descended from the Clarkes, of New Hampshire. A. R. McClelan was educated at the district school, and at the Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy, of which he was subsequently one of the Board of Governors. In 1854, Mr. McClelan was elected one of the representatives of his native county in the New Brunswick legislature, and continued to hold the position till the union, in 1867. He is liberal in politics, and united with the Hon. Charles Fisher, the Hon. S. L. Tilley, and other Liberals of that day, in the overthrow of the Conservative administration, and in the establishment, on a firmer basis, of the rights of all under the responsible system of government. Mr. McClelan was an ardent supporter of the treaty of 1854, which secured free reciprocal trade with the United States. In addition to other reforms, he succeeded in obtaining amendments to the law of inheritance, including the removal of the rights of primogeniture, and in providing postal regulations for the better observance of the Sabbath day. His efforts were always employed to obtain a fair and equitable distribution of the public appropriations, and the county which he so long represented derived considerable advantages thereby. In 1865, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the speakership of the Assembly. During that year he helped to lead the opposition against the government formed to oppose the union, and on the resignation of the ministry, he accepted a seat in the new administration with the portfolio of public works, which he held till the union, when he was called to the Senate. He advocated the construction of the railway from Shediac to St. John, now a part of the Intercolonial, and subsequently the establishment of branch lines, including an ample subsidy for the Albert Railway, which was guaranteed by the Dominion government, upon the special request of the friends and promoters of the road. Mr. McClelan at the outset urged the government which he was then supporting to subsidize a short line to Hillsboro’, which was done, and the road afterwards extended to Hopewell. He prepared and introduced the original Act of Incorporation, assisted in securing the aid of the Dominion guarantee, and asked for and obtained a loan of rails to facilitate a branch line to Hillsboro’. As a member of the Dominion parliament, Mr. McClelan has continued on the side of liberalism and free trade, believing and affirming that the policy of protection is not based on equitable principles, that it is generally injurious in its tendencies, and especially detrimental to the smaller provinces by the sea. Though formerly in mercantile business, the Hon. Mr. McClelan has partially retired therefrom, owing to delicate health. In the Senate, it may be added, he is a man of much usefulness, for he gives to public questions a thoughtful and impartial study. To the broad interests of Canada, the Hon. Mr. McClelan has been always loyal, and there is nothing hollow about his patriotism. He is married to Anna J., eldest daughter of W. J. Reed, of Harvey, New Brunswick.

Clemo, Ebenezer, Inventor, was a native of London, England, and came to Canada in 1858. He was, although young, a person of great genius and ability. On his arrival in Montreal he was reduced to such necessity, that he applied to John Lovell, publisher of that city, for employment as a message boy; but Mr. Lovell knowing his acquirements, engaged him to write a couple of books. Hence “Simon Seek,” and “The Canadian Homes,” which appeared in the same year. Not works of the highest standard of literature certainly, but evincing much talent, and giving a good insight into Canadian character and life. He was the inventor and discoverer of making paper pulp out of straw, an industry which has grown to great proportions since his day; and when engaged in erecting machinery for the manufacture of such paper at Morristown, New Jersey, died in 1860, at the early age of thirty.

Fullerton, James S., President of the Osgoode Literary and Legal Society, Toronto.—Mr. Fullerton is a native Canadian, having been born on April 3, 1843, in the township of South Dorchester, Elgin county, Ontario. Early in life he formed a taste for the law, and finally came to Toronto a student. He studied with N. G. Bigelow, John Leys and Beverly Jones, and ten years ago he was admitted to the bar. He had the honor of taking third and fourth year scholarships. He has now practised his profession for a decade, and is senior partner in the firm of Fullerton, Cook & Miller. He has had more of the successes of life than fall to the lot of most men. His practice has steadily increased, and it is said in legal circles that in three years he has only lost a couple of cases—and those it was well nigh impossible to win. His reputation for office work is great, and his unusual capabilities for making a jury think as he thinks have given him considerable counsel work to do.

Begg, Alexander, Dunbow Ranch, North-West Territory, Canada, is a native of the parish of Watten, Caithness-shire, Scotland, and was born 7th May, 1825. He is a son of Andrew Begg, farmer, and Jane Taylor, of Houstry, Dunn, Watten. His father was also miller of the mill of Dunn until about fifty years ago, when it and similar small oatmeal mills throughout Caithness were discontinued. The work of kiln-drying oats, formerly done by every farmer at home on his own kiln,—the winnowing of the shelled grain after it had first passed between the mill stones, and the sifting of the meal had to be done by hand; but about that time was transferred to larger mills erected by each proprietor for his tenants. The modern mill was furnished with a fanning mill to clean the shelled oats, and sieves which sifted the meal thoroughly. A kiln was also attached for the use of the tenants, who were bound each to bring his grain to the mill belonging to the estate on which his farm was situate and pay toll there. Mr. Begg received his elementary education at a somewhat celebrated select school, taught by William Campbell, near his father’s house at Backlass, Dunn. Up to the age of eighteen he assisted on the farm and attended the Watten parish school. Subsequently he attended the Normal School at Edinburgh, from which he received a diploma qualifying him as a teacher. This he utilized by teaching at Cluny, Aberdeenshire, until 1846, when he emigrated to Canada. Soon after his arrival at Belleville, where some of his school fellows had formerly emigrated, he taught school in the townships of West Huntingdon and Madoc, and afterwards at Oshawa. There he met J. E. McMillan (now sheriff in Victoria, B.C.), and joined him in publishing The Messenger, the first newspaper published in Bowmanville. After a couple of years he sold out to Mr. McMillan, and purchased the plant of the Cobourg Sun, removing it to Brighton, Ontario, and published The Sentinel, the first newspaper published there. He afterwards started The Advocate at Trenton, also the pioneer newspaper of that place. Shortly afterwards he disposed of his interest in the printing business, and visited his native land. On his return to Canada he received an appointment in the customs, serving at the ports of Morrisburg, Port Dover, Brockville and Cornwall; and in 1869 was promoted to be collector of customs and inspector of inland revenue for the North-West Territories, accompanying the lieutenant-governor, Hon. Wm. McDougall and party, as far as Pembina, when the French half-breeds under Riel stopped their advance, compelling their return. To conciliate certain parties, another collector of customs was sent out to Fort Garry after Riel’s flight to the United States. Mr. Begg was transferred to the Inland Revenue department, but being dissatisfied at being deprived of his position without any fault on his part, he left the service of the Dominion government, and accepted the office of emigration commissioner in Scotland for the Ontario government. In that work he was remarkably successful, and during several years continued to send out a superior class of emigrants. Owing to a change in the emigration policy, only one agent for Ontario was retained for Great Britain, at Liverpool. Mr. Begg then turned his attention to the establishment of a temperance colony in the Parry Sound district. The township of McMurrich was chosen as being then without any settlers. A grist mill, saw and shingle mills were erected by him at Beggsboro’ in 1874, to encourage the settlement; and although by a decision of the Provincial government, that settlers, other than strictly temperance men, could be admitted to the colony, it became and still continues a prosperous settlement. Whilst engaged in opening up roads through the wilderness and fostering the colony, Mr. Begg became editor and joint proprietor of the Muskoka Herald, published at Bracebridge; and soon afterwards commenced in Toronto the publication of the Canada Lumberman, a paper devoted to the interest of lumber dealers. This paper was purchased by a Peterboro’ firm, and has attained a leading position in the lumber trade. Next we find him, in 1879, at the World’s Exposition in Paris, where he had on view, and received prizes for, a landau carriage from London, Ontario, and a sleigh from Orillia, at which latter place his family have resided since their return from Scotland. He also brought across the Atlantic with him from the Muskoka lakes, a number of live black bass, the first ever brought alive across the ocean from the new to the old world. Some of the bass were deposited at Dunrobin, the seat of the Duke of Sutherland’s family in Scotland; some in England, and a few more taken across the English channel to Paris, for which latter he received a medal from the Paris Société d’Acclimatation. In 1881 Mr. Begg made a tour to the North-West by way of Chicago, St. Paul and Bismarck, as the Toronto Mail correspondent; taking the steamer up the Missouri to Fort Benton, the head of navigation, the Northern Pacific Railway not having been completed farther than Bismark at that time. The journey onward and northward from Benton to Fort McLeod was made by team and on horseback, camping out by the way. His Excellency the Marquis of Lorne reached McLeod from Battleford and Calgary on his tour across the continent at the same time Mr. Begg arrived from the south, so he had the opportunity of meeting the governor-general and party, and of including in his correspondence the earliest written news of their arrival there, and the enthusiastic reception given them by the Bloods, Piegans and a party of Indians (Blackfeet), under Chief Crowfoot. From McLeod, Mr. Begg proceeded to Morley, where one of his sons (Magnus) was farm instructor of the Stoney tribe of Indians on the reserve there. Magnus has since been promoted to be chief agent at the Blackfoot reserve. From Morley, Mr. Begg rode up Bow River to the foot of the Rockies, where an advance party of the Canadian Pacific Railway engineers were at work to ascertain if the railway line could be located by that route. Returning to Calgary, he proceeded north to Edmonton and St. Albert; then eastward to Battleford, Prince Albert and Duck Lake, on to Humboldt, Fort Qu’Appelle, Fort Ellice and Brandon, which latter place the Canadian Pacific Railway had just reached. At Humboldt he was obliged to sell his saddle and pack horses and take the stage, as winter had fairly set in, and travelling alone was no longer safe, especially without stopping places for the night. Next year, Mr. Begg returned to the North-West by the same route, taking one of his sons (Robert) with him to establish a sheep, cattle and horse ranch (Dunbow) at the confluence of High river with Bow river. This summer (1887) another of his sons (Roderick) joined him on the ranch, which is now well stocked and flourishing. His sons, Alexander and Peter, have recently been engaged in the Eastern States in connection with a printing establishment; another son, Ralph, is attending the Military School in Toronto, whilst the sixth, Colin, is studying at the High School in Orillia, where Mrs. Begg and five daughters yet reside. This autumn Mr. Begg was appointed emigration commissioner by the government of British Columbia, to arrange with the Crofter fishermen of Scotland to settle on the western shores of the island of Vancouver, to develop the valuable deep sea fisheries of the Pacific. On this important mission he left Canada in October, having formulated a scheme which will, he considers, solve the difficulty which has hitherto prevented the Imperial government from advancing funds to assist the emigration of the Crofters.

Panneton, Louis Edmond, Q.C., B.C.L., LL.M., Barrister, Sherbrooke, province of Quebec, was born at Three Rivers, in that province, on the 6th July, 1848. His parents were André Panneton and Marie Blondin. Mr. Panneton received his education at the college of Three Rivers, where he took the classical course. In 1865 he removed to Sherbrooke, and in 1870 was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada. He was elected a school commissioner in 1877, and in the same year was appointed a member of the Catholic Board of Examiners for granting diplomas to teachers. In 1878 he was elected president of the Club Cartier (Conservative Association), and a member of the city council in 1886. The degree of B.C.L. was conferred upon him in 1882, and that of LL.M. in 1885. He is a professor of civil law at Bishop’s University. He was chosen president for the years 1885 and 1886 of the Eastern Townships Typographical Company, which published Le Pionnier. He was made a Queen’s counsel in 1887, and in the same year was elected president of the bar of the district of St. Francis. Mr. Panneton travelled through the United States in 1876, and made an extended tour through Europe in 1878. In religion, he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church, and in politics, a Conservative. He was married on the 6th July, 1886, to Corinne Dorais, of St. Gregoire, daughter of L. T. Dorais, M.P.P. for the county of Nicolet, Province of Quebec.

Blair, Frank I., M.D., St. Stephen, New Brunswick, was born on 6th January, 1855. His father, Dugald Blair, M.D., was a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Greenock, Scotland, and afterwards settled in New Brunswick. His mother, Sarah Henrietta Marks, was a native of St. Stephen, and was a descendant of Captain Nehemiah Marks, a noted loyalist. Dr. Blair received his early education in Sunbury Grammar School and the University, Fredericton; and adopting medicine as a profession, completed his studies at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. He then returned to his native province, and began the practice of his profession in St. Stephen, where he has succeeded in building up a good business. He takes an interest in Masonry, and is a Knight Templar. He has travelled a good deal, and found time to visit Europe, California, and several other Western states of America. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion an adherent of the Church of England. On the 1st of December, 1881, he was married to Alice J. Owen, of St. Stephen.

Irving, Andrew, Registrar of the County of Renfrew, Pembroke, Ontario, was born at Chatham, Miramichi, Northumberland county, New Brunswick, on the 14th of December, 1820. His father, Andrew Irving, was a second cousin of the celebrated preacher and divine, Edward Irving, the founder of the sect known as the “Irvinites,” and was born in the parish of Middlebec, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. He emigrated to New Brunswick in 1816, and lived a quiet life as a farmer on the banks of the Miramichi river, about a mile from the town of Chatham, where he died in 1864. His mother, Margaret Henderson, came to this country some time after her husband, and died at a ripe old age in 1871. Mr. Irving’s grandfather, John Henderson, married Clarinda Douglas, the daughter of Sir Archibald Douglas, of Castle Milk, and had the Cleugh Brae farm presented to him by Sir Archibald on the day of his marriage. He died at the age of fifty-eight. Having made his will only eight days before his death, it was declared illegal, from the circumstance that at that time the law of Scotland required that a testator must attend both kirk and market, and live six weeks after making his will, otherwise it would be null and void. The family contested the validity of this will in the courts, with the usual results, namely that of financial ruin to them all. Andrew, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Grammar School at Chatham, and afterwards studied medicine for three years with Dr. Key, then the most successful practitioner in New Brunswick. Finding, however, that too close application to study was endangering his health, he abandoned medicine, and resolved to seek his fortune in Western Canada. With this object in view, in the summer of 1842 he began his journey westward, and rather than slowly voyage on board a schooner from Miramichi to Quebec he chose the land route. He rode on horseback from Miramichi to Dalhousie, a distance of over a hundred miles, then crossed the Restigouche river at Campbelltown with his provisions on his back, and walked across the country to the St. Lawrence river at Metis, a distance of nearly a hundred miles. The road for the greater part of the route was only a footpath, and the sole guide he and his party had was the Indian blaze; and it took three hard days’ travel to make the journey. He then walked the entire distance, two hundred miles, from Metis to Quebec, in five days. When he arrived at Bytown (now Ottawa city), he crossed the Ottawa river, and was driven to Aylmer in a vehicle called a stage, a distance of nine miles, by a man named Moses Holt, who is still alive, though bordering on his one hundredth year. The next day he took passage in a bark canoe, working his way as far as Fitzroy Harbor, a small village on the south banks of the Upper Ottawa. The following day he embarked on the steamer George Buchanan, which at her best could not steam more than five miles an hour, and came on with her as far as Farrel’s Wharf, in the township of Horton. The distance from this point to Pembroke by the then route was nearly fifty miles, and our dauntless young Scotch settler accomplished the distance in a day and a half, arriving at his destination in good health and spirits. At this time it took a traveller three days from Ottawa to Pembroke, and now the journey can be made in about as many hours. In January, 1842, he began his career as a teacher in Pembroke, the settlers having erected for him a log school-house, in the bush, and agreeing to pay him a salary of forty pounds ($60) and board for a year, which, we may say, was not always promptly paid. However, our young teacher was satisfied, and his indomitable pluck carried him through all difficulties, and he is now one of the leading men in his county. For about three years Mr. Irving filled the office of clerk of the township and village of Pembroke, and was Division Court clerk for over twenty years. In 1861 he was chosen county treasurer, and held the office until 1875. He was local superintendent of education for a part of the county before the law abolishing this office came into force; and was a member of the Board of Education for a number of years, during three of which he acted as its chairman. In 1861 he was appointed a justice of the peace; and for upwards of ten years was license inspector. In 1866 he was appointed registrar of the county of Renfrew, and this office he still holds, and devotes all his time to the performance of his duties. Mr. Irving has always taken a deep interest in municipal affairs, and it was he who during the years from 1861 to 1865 led in the county town struggle for Renfrew county, and it has since been conceded by both friends and foes that it was through his good management that Pembroke came off victorious. He has been an ardent politician, and was always found fighting in the Reform ranks. On one occasion, during a hard election contest, he was approached by an old and valued friend, and offered a lucrative office if he withdrew his opposition to the government candidate, but, with true Scotch pride, he replied, “My principles are my own; they are neither those of John A. Macdonald or George Brown, and you would think very little of me if I would abandon them for any such offer.” This answer led to an estrangement between him and his friend, but after some years his friend admitted he was right, and so the matter was forgotten. Unfortunately Mr. Irving is not so liberal in his religious views as he is in his political. He is a very strict Presbyterian; and the highest of Calvinists, and would resist to the death any innovation or reform in his church standards. In 1844 he was married to Jane Reid, the eldest daughter of the late Peter Whyte, the first settler in Pembroke. She died in 1852, and two of her children survive her. He again married in 1860, his second choice being Mary, daughter of the late Doctor William Cannon, of the Royal navy. This lady is still alive, and has been the mother of five children, four of whom are living.

Laliberté, Jean Baptiste, Fur Merchant, St. Roch, Quebec, was born in the city of Quebec, in 1843. His father, who was the owner of one of the largest tanneries located on St. Valier street, in that city, sent him early to the Quebec Normal School, where he received a sound commercial education. On leaving school he commenced work with a merchant, and was afterwards apprenticed for a few years to a furrier to learn the trade. Here he soon acquired a thorough knowledge of it in all its branches, and laid the foundations of a successful business career. In May, 1867, he began, in a small way, on his own account. Being attentive and obliging and keeping all the latest styles in his stock, customers came dropping in; and at the end of five years, having worked very hard, he had accumulated sufficient means to enable him to re-build the store in which he had begun, and which had now become too small to accommodate his growing trade. After a lapse of a few more years he began again to be crowded for room; and he then decided to enlarge his premises. This time he erected a handsome building on St. Joseph street, St. Roch’s, containing six floors, 110 x 45 feet, which he now occupies. On the top of the building is a dome and flag-staff, on which he always hoists the French flag on the 24th of June of each year, this being the anniversary of his patron saint, St. Jean-Baptiste. Mr. Laliberté has made it a rule to purchase his goods in the best markets of the world, and to offer for sale only articles which may, by their excellence in regard to quality and workmanship, defy the keenest competition. Not content with visiting only the fur markets of New York, London, Paris and Leipsic, he, in 1880, and every year since, has visited in person the great fur emporium of Russia, being the first furrier from the province of Quebec who has done this. He has now branch offices in the principal cities of Europe, and his managers at these places advise him weekly as to prices, etc. Mr. Laliberté employs over three hundred persons, several of whom are constantly employed trapping and hunting in our own northern forests, and are paid the highest prices for furs and peltries in season and of the best grades. He is both an importer and exporter, and when a choice set of furs is wanted, even for the far west, the St. Roch fur emporium is generally called upon to supply it, as it is well known that from his immense stock, said to be the largest in Canada, it can readily be selected. Mr. Laliberté is erect in stature, manly in bearing, and is noted for his courteous demeanour to his fellow men. In short, he is a fair representative of the progressive French Canadian of the present day.

Macdonald, Augustine Colin, Merchant, Montague, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 30th June, 1837, at Panmure, P.E.I. He is a son of Hugh Macdonald, who came from Moydart, Inverness-shire, Scotland, to Prince Edward Island in 1805, and settled at Panmure. The mother of the subject of our sketch was Catherine, daughter of A. Macdonald, of Rhue Arisaig, Inverness-shire. Augustine Colin Macdonald received his education at the Grammar School of Georgetown, and at the Central Academy, Charlottetown, P.E.I. He has taken part in all matters pertaining to the interests of the island in which he was born, and has been on several occasions a commissioner for managing the Exhibition of Local Industry for Prince Edward Island. He, too, is interested in military matters, and is captain in one of the local companies. He was first returned to the Legislative Assembly, as representative for the third electoral district of Kings county, P.E.I., in 1870. He supported the Railway bill, and on a dissolution of the house was again elected by his political friends. In 1873 he once more appealed to his constituents, and, as a supporter of “confederation” and “better terms,” was elected. When Prince Edward Island became part of the confederacy, Mr. Macdonald was returned a member of the Dominion parliament as a supporter of Sir John A. Macdonald. At the general election, held in 1874, he suffered defeat at the polls, being beaten by a small majority; but at the general election, held in 1878, he was again elected to a seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa. In politics Mr. Macdonald is a Liberal-Conservative, and during his parliamentary career at Ottawa rendered good service to the government when they were carrying through the Canadian Pacific Railway bill and the national policy resolutions. He is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He married at Charlottetown, on the 27th June, 1865, Mary Elizabeth, sixth daughter of the late Hon. John Small Macdonald, and has a family of seven children.

Harris, John Leonard, Merchant and Manufacturer, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born in Norton, Kings county, on the 27th September, 1833. He is the second son of Michael Spurr Harris, who came to Moncton with his family in 1836. Here John L. Harris received his education, and in early life became engaged with G. &. J. Salter, shipbuilders, as their bookkeeper and chief business man. About the year 1856 he associated with him his brother, C. P. Harris, in the shipbuilding business, which they carried on under the firm name of J. & C. Harris. And since 1858, as general merchants, they have largely imported British, foreign and West India goods. From this business it may be said was developed some of the most important industries of the town of Moncton, viz.: a sugar refinery and a cotton mill—and these were established in 1880 and 1882, under the supervision of this firm—J. L. Harris being the president and managing director of both companies. But it is largely to Mr. Harris’s own personal exertions and untiring energy that his native town is indebted for the accomplishment of its most important public benefit—a work which has been of equal benefit to every citizen, and has not only placed Moncton at once in a position to prosecute the industries and arts of life, but has fixed a permanent value to real estate, while it protects property from fire, and insures health, cleanliness and comfort for future generations. It was in 1878 that he organized the Moncton Gas Light and Water Company, the works of which, although extensive, were carried to completion with great promptness and success during the same year. Within three months 30,000 days’ labor were performed; and combined with this was erected the gas works, during the same year, which subsequently included a system of electric lighting. Mr. Harris has been the president and managing director of this company, as well as of the sugar and cotton manufacturing companies, from their organization to the present time; and he has for many years been active in advocating and promoting a harbor improvement enterprise for Moncton, having, with his colleagues, obtained acts of the Dominion and Local parliaments incorporating the Moncton Dock and Harbor Improvement Company. He has also been identified with other public enterprises in the town, and generally those called into existence by reason of the national policy of Canada, which he has warmly supported. He is an upholder of the principles of the Liberal-Conservative party. In 1881 and 1882 Mr. Harris was elected to the position of mayor, and thus served two years as presiding officer of the Moncton town council. He has been for many years very active in Freemasonry, and is a past master of Keith lodge; past first principal of Botsford Royal Arch Chapter; a member of the order of Knights Templars, and has taken other advanced degrees. In religion he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married August 11th, 1864, to Mary, second daughter of the late Alexander Cowie, M.D.

Joncas, Louis Zephrin, General Agent, Grand River, M.P. for Gaspé, is of Norman descent, and was born at Grand River, in the county of Gaspé, province of Quebec, on the 26th July, 1846. His parents were Léon Joncas and Esther Beaudin. His family was during many years engaged in the fishing industry. Mr. Joncas, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the College Masson, in Terrebonne, near Montreal, and after having gone through his classical course of studies he began studying law in Montreal, but in consequence of ill health was obliged to discontinue it and go back to his native village, where during twelve years he has carried on the business of fish-curing. In 1876 Mr. Joncas was appointed sheriff of the county of Gaspé, in place of John Short, and this office he held until the 20th February, 1887, when he resigned to run for the House of Commons. Under the name and style of L. Z. Joncas & Co., he keeps at Grand River a general agency and accountant’s office. In 1883 he was chosen by the Dominion government one of the commissioners to represent Canada, and more especially the province of Quebec, at the International Fisheries Exhibition, held in London, England, and in this capacity he won golden opinions both from the British and from the Canadian press. At the Fishery Congress in connection with the International Fisheries Exhibition, Mr. Joncas read a paper on the “Fisheries of Canada,” which has been greatly appreciated both abroad and at home. Speaking of this lecture, the London Canadian Gazette of the 5th July, 1883, said: “At a conference held on Monday, the 2nd day of July inst., at the Fisheries Exhibition, the Hon. A. W. McLelan, minister of marine of Canada, presiding, a remarkably comprehensive and interesting paper upon the various fisheries of British North America was read by Mr. L. Z. Joncas, one of the Canadian commissioners at the Exhibition. The subject was a large one, but Mr. Joncas’ practical knowledge of it enabled him to do justice to all its branches, and he concentrated in his paper much information of great value upon all sections of the trade. We hope at an early date to give some extracts from it of interest to our readers. By order of the executive committee of the Exhibition this work has been published and thousands of copies are being distributed.” The London Daily Telegraph, alluding to the same paper, says: “The most important of the papers yet read at the International conference was that of Monday, 2nd instant., on the ‘Fisheries of Canada,’ by Mr. L. Z. Joncas, one of the executive commissioners for Canada, which was at once able, valuable, and as far as possible exhaustive.” In 1884 Mr. Joncas was asked to lecture on the same subject before the members of the British Association then assembled in Montreal, and he read a paper considering the fisheries from an economical point of view. This paper, which makes a pamphlet of over sixty pages, has been largely distributed both in Europe and in Canada by the Dominion government. In 1887, when Dr. Fortin, who had represented Gaspé in the House of Commons since 1867, signified his intention of resigning, Mr. Joncas was asked to come forward by a large number of the electors of Gaspé, and he was elected at the general election held on the 22nd March, 1887, to the House of Commons of Canada. In politics he is an independent Conservative; and in religion is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. On the 18th July, 1870, he married Emerentienne Blouin, of St. Valier, in the county of Bellechasse, province of Quebec, a sister to the Right Rev. F. A. Blouin, curé of Carleton, Bonaventure county, and general vicar of the diocese of Rimouski, P.Q.

Law, William, Shipping and Commission Merchant, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, M.P.P. for Yarmouth, was born in Belfast, Ireland, on 5th August, 1833, and in October, 1847, he came to Yarmouth. Here he remained until 1849, when he went to Oxford, in the state of Massachusetts, and did business there until 1855, when he again took up his abode in Yarmouth. Since that time Mr. Law has been extensively engaged in business, as head of the firm of William Law & Co., shipping and commission merchants. In 1870 he was appointed a justice of the peace for Yarmouth county. He has filled the office of president of the Oriental Marine Insurance Company for eight years; and was appointed manager, for Nova Scotia, of the Boston Marine Insurance Company, in 1881. In 1886 he was chosen to represent Yarmouth county in the Nova Scotia legislature. In politics he is a Liberal, and is a strong advocate of free trade and commercial union with the United States. In his religious views he is an independent. While living in Oxford, Mass., he was married to Mary A., daughter of Enoch and Abigail Brown, of Douglas, Mass. Mr. Brown represented the town of Douglas in the Massachusetts legislature.

Laurie, John Wimburn, Major-General, Oakfield, Nova Scotia, was born on the 1st October, 1835, in London, England. He is the eldest son of John Laurie, M.P. for Barnstaple, of 10 Hyde Park Terrace, London, and Marshalls, Havering atte Bower, in Essex; justice of the peace for Middlesex and Essex, and deputy-lieutenant for both counties. His mother is Eliza Helen Collett, youngest daughter of Kenrick Collett, master in Chancery, of Holcrofts, Fulham, Middlesex, England. Major-General Laurie received his education at Harrow, and Dresden, Saxony, and graduated with honors at the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, obtaining a commission without purchase. He was appointed to the 2nd Queen’s Royals in depot, in 1853, and volunteered for active service against the Russians in 1854, and appointed to the 4th King’s Own regiment of foot. With this regiment he served ten months at the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was twice wounded in the trenches, and was mentioned in despatches for his gallant defence of advanced positions against a largely superior force of Russians. He never missed a day’s duty during the twenty months he spent in the Crimea, except when wounded. He was present at the attacks on Sebastopol on the 18th June, with a storming party on Barrack battery on the 8th September, and at the capture of the stronghold on the 9th. September, 1855. He served at Mauritius in 1857, to keep order among the Indian coolies during the excitement consequent on the Indian mutiny; and in Central India against the rebellious Sepoys during 1858-59-60, as staff officer of a field force with irregular cavalry and camel corps, making forced marches in the Rewah and Mahi Kante districts. He was promoted to major, unattached, for distinguished service, in 1861. In 1854 and 1856 Major Laurie attended the School of Musketry at Hythe, and took a prominent part in introducing musketry instruction and rifle practice in the army. He passed a competitive examination, and entered Staff College at Sandhurst in 1861; but on the occurrence of the Trent affair he volunteered for active service, and was sent to Canada to organize the militia, and was retained in Nova Scotia by the Marquis of Normanby and General Sir Hastings Doyle, and remained as inspecting field officer until that province joined the confederation. In 1866 he placed 15,000 men under arms to repel the threatened Fenian invasion, and also took over the garrison duties at Halifax, so that the regular troops might go to the New Brunswick frontier. In 1869 he took over the duties of brigade major, and succeeded to the position of deputy adjutant-general on the death of Colonel Sinclair, continuing in command in Nova Scotia until 1881, when he was transferred to British Columbia. When on leave in England, in 1877, he offered to raise a regiment in Canada for active service against the Russians, and for this he received the personal thanks of the secretary of war; and in 1881 he volunteered and accompanied Sir Frederick Roberts to South Africa, with the expedition against the Boers of the Transvaal. On the conclusion of peace he returned and assumed command in British Columbia, and remained there until 1882, in which year he was promoted, by selection, to the rank of major-general in the army. In 1885, on the outbreak of the Servo-Bulgarian war, he was appointed commissioner to the headquarters of the Servian army, under the Red Cross Convention, and remained until the conclusion of peace in 1886, in charge of hospitals organized by him, and in carrying aid to the wounded and those suffering from contagious and epidemic diseases; and with Baron Mundy, the eminent philanthropist of Austria, jointly organized an ambulance train for the conveyance of wounded from the field by railway trains, for all of which services he received the personal and repeated thanks of the King and Queen of Servia, as well as of the Red Cross Society of Great Britain, and of Austro-Hungary. On the outbreak of Riel’s rebellion in the North-West of Canada, he volunteered for service under General Middleton, who was his junior in the army, and after joining the advanced column, was appointed commandant of base and line of communication, which position he filled until the close of the campaign. He has received, as decorations for his war services: from her Majesty, Queen Victoria, the Crimean medal, with clasp for Sebastopol, Indian mutiny medal for Central India, North-West Canada medal; from the Sultan of Turkey the Russian war medal and the Imperial Order of the Medjijie; from the King of Servia the Servian war medal and the decoration of Knight Commander of the order of St. Sava; and from the Queen of Servia, the order of the Red Cross for saving life. Major-General Laurie was elected councillor for his district, and first warden of Halifax county on the organization of the municipality in 1879, and again in 1880. He was appointed a justice of the peace for Halifax county in 1869. For ten years he has been president of the Provincial Board of Agriculture in Nova Scotia, and has been active in organizing joint stock companies for the development of manufactures. He carries on a large experimental farm at Oakfield, about twenty miles from Halifax. He has been elected for ten years grand master of the Freemasons of Nova Scotia; and was also president of the St. George’s Society of Halifax; and aided in organizing the Royal British Veteran Society, a self-supporting benefit society, composed of members who have served in the army or navy, and of which he is president. He contested Shelburne county, a Liberal stronghold, at the general election of 1887, as an independent supporter of the national policy, and was defeated by thirty-four votes. During the thirty-four years of his active service, Major-General Laurie served her Majesty in a campaign in every quarter of the globe; has written descriptive articles for the contemporary press, and was called upon by the Admiralty authorities in Britain to publish his views as to the most suitable position for a naval base for Great Britain in the Pacific. He is a strong advocate for closer union and more harmonious united work amongst all Evangelical denominations. He married, in 1863, Frances Robie, youngest daughter of the Hon. Enos Collins, of Gorsebrook, Halifax, granddaughter of the late Chief Justice Sir Brenton Haliburton, and great-granddaughter of Bishop Inglis, of Nova Scotia, who, as rector of Trinity Church, New York, at the time of the revolution, continued to offer prayers for the king, although levelled guns warned him that his life would be taken unless he desisted. Two sons are now serving in the army: the elder in the 4th King’s Own, in which General Laurie won his spurs, and the younger in the old 86th, now the Royal Irish Rifles.

Hall, John Smythe, Jun., B.A., B.C.L., Q.C., M.P.P. for Montreal West, is a native of Montreal, having been born there on the 7th August, 1853. He is the son of John S. Hall and Emma Robins Brigham. Mr. Hall, sen., was a member of the old firm of Grant, Hall & Co., extensive lumbermen, and subsequently flour millers. Mr. Hall, jun., received his primary education at Bishop’s College School, Lennoxville, and afterwards entered McGill University, taking the degree of B.A. in 1874, and that of B.C.L. in 1875. He was called to the bar in 1876, and at once took a prominent place. He is now a member of the well-known law firm of Chapleau, Hall, Nicholls & Brown. He has always taken a deep interest in educational matters. In 1883 he was chosen representative fellow-in-law, and became a member of the corporation of McGill University, and re-elected to the same position in January, 1886. He was also president of the University Literary Society; in 1884 president of the Graduates’ Society; and in 1887 president of the University Club. In politics he is a Conservative, and an active member of the Junior Conservative Club, occupying the position of president in 1885. This year (1887) he was made a Q.C. Mr. Hall has taken an active interest in the volunteer force, and is now a captain in the Montreal Field Battery of Artillery. He is a member of the Church of England; and on the 3rd January, 1883, married Victoria Brigham, daughter of the late T. C. Brigham, of Ottawa. At the last general election for the province of Quebec, Mr. Hall contested Montreal West against G. W. Stephens, Liberal, and W. W. Robertson, workingman’s candidate, for a seat in the Quebec legislature, and was returned by a majority of 127 over Mr. Stephens, and 1,000 over Mr. Robertson.

Labelle, Rev. François Xavier Antoine, the “Apostle of Colonization,” Parish Priest, St. Jerome, county of Terrebonne, Province of Quebec, was born in the village of Ste. Rose, Laval county, on the 14th November, 1834, his father being Antoine Labelle, a master shoemaker, who was married to Angélique Mayer. In 1844 he was sent to the Seminary of Ste. Thérèse, and in that institution completed a full course of classical studies. He was chiefly remarkable at college for his sound judgment and his happy and retentive memory. The consideration he enjoyed among his fellow-students caused him to be chosen president of the Grammar Society, and vice-president of the Literary Society of the college. His favorite studies were history and philosophy, and his favorite authors DeMaistre, Balmès, DeBonald, and Nicholas, chiefly the latter, whom he possessed almost by heart, and thereby gained the surname of “Nicholas,” given him by his companions. He chose the ecclesiastical state, and received the first of the minor orders in 1852, at the Seminary of Ste. Thérèse, where during three years he was a teacher, performing at the same time the humble duties of recreation room master and attendant of the convocation room. In 1855 he went to the Grand Seminary of Montreal, where he devoted himself exclusively to the study of theology. He was only twenty-two years old when he was ordained priest, in 1856, in his native village, by Mgr. Pinsonneault, eight days after the consecration of that prelate. By virtue of an edict of the Holy See the privilege of ordaining a certain number of priests before they had attained the required age, was granted to the bishop of Montreal, and Father Labelle was one of the first on whom the honor was conferred. He was appointed vicar to Father Vinet, since promoted to the dignity of prelate to the Holy See, then parish priest of the beautiful and wealthy parish of Sault-au-Récollet. The young vicar rendered great services to his curé in the difficulties the latter had to encounter in connection with the building of the Convent of the Sacred Heart. Father Labelle resided two years and a half in the parish of Sault-au-Récollet, and the parishioners expressed the livliest regret when he was sent to help the parish priest of St. Jacques-le-Mineur, Rev. Father Morin, who required rest; in this parish he resided nine months. In 1859 he was appointed parish priest of St. Antoine Abbé, a mixed parish on the border. Here he had many difficulties to smooth over as first resident curé of this parish, which had been divided in two for civil purposes by the division of the counties of Huntingdon and Chateauguay. In the midst of the greatest obstacles he had to create everything; he succeeded, however, in having the parish civilly erected and organized as a scholastic and municipal corporation, in spite of the electoral influences which prevented him from attaining his aim immediately. Religious embarrassments also existed, but thanks to the energy and tact displayed by Father Labelle, these were overcome. The impetus given to St. Antoine Abbé during the four years’ residence of the curé in that parish, placed it in the way of progress, and it is at the present day one of the most prosperous in the province of Quebec. A few years ago the humble chapel, which had been erected in the first days of the village, was demolished, and in its place stands one of the finest church edifices in the county. It was here that Rev. Father Labelle experienced a deep sorrow in the death of his father, who had followed the fortunes of his only son. In 1863 he was sent to Lacolle by his bishop, Mgr. Bourget, who had had occasion to appreciate his energy and charity. Grave difficulties had arisen, owing to the choice of a site for a new church, which had been selected outside of the village as the centre of the parish, causing division, fed by a few Protestants, who went even so far as to offer help to build the church in the village. When Father Labelle arrived to take the place of Father Bourbonnais, the situation was almost desperate; but the inhabitants of St. Antoine predicted to those of Lacolle that nothing would resist the efforts of their new pastor. And, in fact, despite the intelligence and wealth in league against him, despite the efforts of the Protestants who owned the greater portion of the territory, he succeeded through perseverance and diplomatic acuteness to make Lacolle what it is to-day, one of the finest villages in the country. When he left the parish, both Protestants and Catholics recognized his ability and admitted the justice of his previous claims. It was during his sojourn in Lacolle that the Fenian invasion of 1866 took place. The spot offered an easy access to the enemy, being at the entrance of the plain leading to St. John’s. The patriotism roused by the curé, however, in the hearts of his parishioners caused the enemies of the country to choose another point to enter Canada. “If the Fenians come here,” the pastor said, “I will place myself at your head to repel them.” In 1868 he was transferred to the curacy of St. Jerome. After having passed his first years of priesthood in the midst of struggles, it was a welcome change to the good man to settle in a quiet and well organized parish. He fell on his knees on the threshold of his presbytery to return thanks to God for his mercy. He discovered in his parishioners the spirit of union, so efficacious in the performance of noble works. The site of the village, the progress already made, the intelligence and ambition of its inhabitants, everything tended to forebode an era of happiness such as he had never before experienced. He knew the North only from geographical descriptions and hearsay; but the position of St. Jerome at the foot of the Laurentian mountains, in that broad and fertile valley of the Ottawa river, opened up to his view the perspective of a vast field for the exercise of his patriotism. He wanted to convince himself de visu of the resources of the country, and with that end in view, he organized an expedition to explore the valley to its most extreme limits, and he returned with the conviction that this vast plain should be the cradle of a numerous and vigorous population, whose industry and needs would develop an important trade. The best means to attain that end, he thought, was to build a railroad, which, reaching the Gatineau, would in after years be an immense feeder to Montreal, whilst helping to colonize that part of the province; for he had found, during his voyage, a fertile soil and a wealth of timber and minerals hardly surpassed in any other part of the Dominion. He was also thinking of the great number of willing and vigorous workers who, after receiving so many favors in their native land, left it to go and enrich the foreigner, while their own country’s resources were undeveloped for the want of their sturdy sinews. “Any subject,” he would say, “who willingly leaves the benevolent shadow of the British flag, proves a loss to the country and an evil to the subject.” Before undertaking to build a railroad, however, colonization roads must be built, the country must be opened; so he turned his attention to the roads at once. Public men know what it costs to obtain favors from a government which, in spite of its patriotism and good-will, is often-times hampered in the distribution of its favors. The influences of the southern part of the province, which set up the plea that they had not obtained enough at the hands of the government, tempered the generous impulses of the ministers. To this Father Labelle offered a strong argument: “The south has received a great deal, the north almost nothing; when the south receives, the north derives no benefit; whilst, when the north is prosperous, the overflow of its wealth benefits the south.” He begged and supplicated, but was repulsed. Nothing daunted, he kept asking. “I wish you would send your curé to his parishioners,” a minister said one day to the member for Terrebonne. “You can do that yourself,” said the latter; “if he annoys you, give him what he asks, otherwise you will never get rid of him.” After months of waiting and innumerable requests, the ministry acquiesced to the just demands of the north, and granted subsidies according to the means at the disposal of the government. Let us say right here that the zeal of Father Labelle was vigorously seconded by the Hon. Mr. Chapleau, who has always done all he could in the interest of his constituents, and also by the Hon. Mr. Masson, the late lieutenant-governor of the Province of Quebec, and the then representative of the county in the House of Commons. The zealous priest was also sustained by the successive administrations of the province, and by the sympathy and energy of the citizens of St. Jerome, among whom may be mentioned Messrs. Laviolette, M. J. B. Lefebvre-Villemure, Prévost, de Montigny, William Scott, J. A. Hervieux, and many others. The whole parish is in accord with its curé, for, in French Canada, when works of public utility are in view, political divisions are laid aside. The priests of the adjoining parishes also accorded a loyal and energetic support to Father Labelle. The principal work of this indefatigable man is certainly the railroad commenced under his auspices, known at first under the name of “Chemin à lisses de bois,” but laid to-day with steel rails. His matchless energy was displayed in its construction; and in the pursuit of this object he undertook struggles, voyages, writing, etc., the recital of which would be the recital of the stormy beginnings of two great railways which at the present day are the pride of the country. Father Labelle has always looked upon the “Colonization Railroad of the North” as part of the Canadian Pacific, and also took a great interest in the latter, which he considered as the artery destined to carry the wealth of the West, as well as the treasures of Japan and China, to our seaports through Canadian territory, favoring and feeding industry and commerce all along its immense length. He admired the plan of Sir George E. Cartier, and regretted the failure of Sir Hugh Allan, through the intrigues of his opponents, in his attempt to float the loan necessary to its construction. He foresaw, in the construction of the Pacific Railway, a powerful means of immigration, and calculated that in ten years, the indirect contributions paid by the new settlers into the Federal treasury, and the increase in value of the North-West lands, would pay the largest portion of the debt contracted for the undertaking. It is needless to add that his predictions were correct, as it has been amply proved since. His appreciation of the advantages and disadvantages offered by the diverse routes proposed, reveal the foresight of a true statesman. He worked also in the interest of the North Shore road, and helped it by his writings, visits and timely interference at critical periods. But his favorite road has always been the Colonization road. He is called its father, and he cannot possibly disclaim his offspring. He said one time, on the occasion of a visit paid him by the members of the Montreal press, that such children were the only ones the members of his calling were allowed to beget. At the same time he thanked the newspapers for the tender care they had exercised in nursing and clothing his child. If doubts existed on any one’s mind as to the important share of glory accruing to Father Labelle on account of this work, the following extracts which were communicated to us by an indiscreet friend of the curé of St. Jerome, would be sufficient to dissipate them. Sir Hugh Allan wrote him on the 25th July, 1883: —

The Hon. Mr. Abbott wrote from London, under date May 5, 1873: —

To-day the road is completed, and whoever is entitled to merit should receive it. Everyone knows that in consequence of unforeseen difficulties the future of the road was threatened even after the work had been undertaken. Father Labelle had arranged to get one million dollars voted by the city of Montreal, and he induced the ministry of the province to take the road under its control and to complete it. It is also said that the idea of getting the “Grand Trunk of the North” built by the government originated with him. The part he had taken in these events was recognized in a measure by the commissioners who named one of the first engines placed on the line, “Rev. A. Labelle.” On the fiftieth anniversary of Father Labelle’s birthday, at a dinner given at St. Jerome, on the 29th November, 1884, were gathered together ministers, journalists, members of parliament, aldermen and representative men from all parts of the province, and all with common accord applauded the work he had done. And we may say here that the tact he displayed in the circumstance justified what had been said of him on a previous occasion by a citizen distinguished among his English and Protestant brethren: “Father Labelle,” he said, “should be prime minister of Canada instead of curé of St. Jerome.” The following is an extract of a speech delivered on that eventful occasion: —

Father Labelle’s winning affability is proverbial, and in the midst of his enormous labors he always finds a moment to speak on any subject that might be of interest to his listeners. Ever ready to help the humblest of his parishioners, his generosity often oversteps the limit of his means, for he has not the leisure to figure up his fortune. The following incident is an example of his charity, which we publish at the risk of raising his ire: During a very severe winter the price of cordwood had risen in the city of Montreal to the fabulous figure of $20 a cord, owing to a “combine” of men who would have been insulted had anyone dared to assert that they were not honest. Father Labelle called on his parishioners, in the name of charity, to help the poor of Montreal in their sore need of fuel, and the result was that an immense procession of sleds loaded with cordwood, the good curé leading, was seen wending its way from St. Jerome to Montreal (a distance of thirty-three miles), and there distributed to the most needy and deserving poor of the city. This generous action was repeated the following winter. Besides his railroad undertakings, Father Labelle has been the means of a college being built in St. Jerome; a three-story brick building, having a frontage of eighty feet, with a lateral chapel, where the youth of the surrounding district receive a commercial, agricultural, and religious education under the direction of the Rev. Fathers of the Holy Cross. As soon as the railroad was completed to St. Jerome, Father Labelle undertook to supply the necessary traffic. He is convinced that the Laurentian range contains considerable mineral wealth, and geological reports prove his assertions. With the view of working and developing these mines, he immediately applied at every door to raise the necessary capital. His parishioners subscribed a few thousand dollars; but the resources are so slender, and the expenses so heavy to start on a solid basis, that he must receive more substantial help. It may be said, by the way, that minerals being one of the greatest sources of wealth of a country, there is no reason why the government should not give grants to the energetic men who undertake to search for those treasures in a practical manner. His many and varied occupations do not interfere with the exemplary regularity of the exercise of his holy ministry. His sermons are always remarkable for their characteristic clearness and practical common sense. Thoroughly orthodox, he never deviates from the strict doctrines of his church, which he believes accords with progress; as a result, in his parish, church and state go hand-in-hand, to the satisfaction of all parties. Far from feeling any pride in his successes, he makes them subservient to the glory of God, the primary cause and author of all greatness. The theological lore of Father Labelle is very profound, and he has had many occasions to elucidate very intricate questions. His lordship, Bishop Duhamel, honored him with his confidence, and delegated to him a part of his power for the purpose of erecting canonical parishes in the southern part of his diocese. Right Rev. Mgr. Conroy, delegated by the Holy See to adjust certain differences which had arisen in Canada in connection with the establishment of the branch of Laval University, at Montreal, wrote the following letter to Father Labelle, on the 19th March, 1877: “I reckon on your great and well-deserved influence. I shall always be glad to see you, and I shall do my best to meet your wishes as far as I possibly can do so.” After the decision of the Holy See in favor of Laval, Father Labelle was one of the most energetic workers, and did no small amount of work in connection with the establishment of the branch university in Montreal. The late Bishop Bourget was ably seconded by Father Labelle in the erection, for civil purposes, of the new parishes of Montreal. After the Guibord case had been settled, a bill was passed to prevent the recurrence of such difficulties and to meet the views of her Majesty, Queen Victoria, as intimated by her to Lord Dufferin; Father Labelle was entrusted with the drawing up of the bill. He was also instrumental, and did more than his share of the work, both here and at Rome, to obtain the division of the ecclesiastical provinces of Montreal and Ottawa. Since 1883, he has been sent to France by the Federal government for the purpose of making our country better known in Europe and promoting more extended commercial relations. At the present time (1887), he is engaged on the extension of the Montreal and Western Railway to Lake Temiscamingue, and there are already seventy miles under contract. He is also interested in a new cattle ranch at Wood Mountain, near Regina, N.W.T., etc. We cannot conclude this imperfect sketch without mentioning the charming bonhomie which in Father Labelle’s case, takes the place of the most refined courteousness. When his wine cellar is empty, his smoking-room is abundantly supplied, and in either case he receives the most illustrious men of the country with the greatest ease. Let us add that his venerable mother, who presides over the internal administration of his household, contributes, by her politeness and kind attentions, to make the presbytery of St. Jerome the most popular resort of the surrounding parishes. The priests of the neighborhood and the notable men of the province frequently visit the worthy pastor when in need of information, or in quest of rest and relaxation from their onerous duties.

Hale, Frederick Harding, Lumber Merchant, Woodstock, M.P. for Carleton, New Brunswick, was born at Northampton, in the county of Carleton, N.B., on the 8th December, 1844. His father, Martin Hale, was born in Ireland, and came to Canada, when a child, with his parents. His mother was Hulda Dickinson, daughter of Harding Dickinson, a U. E. loyalist. Mr. Hale received his education in the schools in Carleton county; and afterwards turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, and for the last twenty-five years has been heavily engaged in the manufacture and sale of all kinds of lumber at Northampton and Woodstock. A few years ago he entered the political arena, and at the general election held in the spring of 1887 was elected to represent the county of Carleton in the Dominion parliament at Ottawa. Mr. Hale is a director of the St. John Valley Railway. He takes an interest in Masonry, and is a member of the Woodstock lodge; and also a member of the Woodstock Royal Arch Chapter. In politics he is a Liberal; and in religion an adherent of the Free Baptist church. Mr. Hale has been twice married. On the 20th June, 1869, to Rhoda, daughter of the late George McGee; she died on the 16th June, 1870. And on the 17th June, 1873, to Emma E., daughter of Moses Boyer.

Nelles, Samuel Sobieski, D.D., LL.D., who died at Cobourg, on the 17th October, 1887, on his sixty-fourth birthday, was born of worthy Methodist parents at Mount Pleasant, near Brantford, Ontario, on 17th October, 1823. He attended the Lewiston Academy, New York, during 1839 and 1840, under the tutorship of the poet, J. G. Saxe, whose peculiarly pungent wit the doctor often rivalled in after life. The year following he entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, where he was converted and where he connected himself with the Methodist church. Two years later he became one of the two first matriculating students at Victoria University, Cobourg, the institution that was afterwards to achieve prosperity under his guidance, then presided over by Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D.D. During the two subsequent years spent at Victoria College he obtained a local preacher’s license, and distinguished himself, the venerable Dr. Carroll says, for “intellect and eloquence.” Seeking his degree at an older institution, he graduated at the Wesleyan University, Middleton, Conn., in 1846, and spent the next year as head master of the Newburgh Academy, whence he was recommended to the ministry by the Napanee Quarterly Official Board. In 1847 he was received on trial at Port Hope, and preached during 1848 and 1849 at Toronto East, in the old Adelaide street church, which has since been replaced by the Metropolitan, when he was received into full connection, ordained and sent to London as colleague of Rev. John Carroll, D.D., for the first quarter of 1850. It was then that the church wanted a man to take the presidency of their connexional university at Cobourg, an institution that had been founded in 1837 as an academy, had been created a university in 1841, and was then fighting a hard battle for a precarious existence. Samuel S. Nelles, M.A., was the man unanimously chosen, and taken, sorely against his will, from the London charge early in 1850 and installed as successor to the Rev. Alex. McNabb, D.D., in the president’s chair of Victoria University. From this time forward the career of Dr. Nelles is very closely identified with that of the college to which he fully devoted his best energies, his keen intellect, his marvellous power of management and his ripe culture. Finding the institution financially feeble, he travelled the country with persistent energy, appealing, and seldom in vain, to Methodists to support their college, and its rapid growth and success in keeping abreast with the times are largely due to his untiring labors. Together with the late Rev. Dr. Punshon, he undertook to raise an endowment of $100,000 for the college, and the best comment upon their faithful efforts is that they succeeded in swelling that amount to $150,000. Some ten years ago this indefatigable worker persuaded the people of Cobourg to erect a magnificent science building, known as Faraday Hall. In 1861 he received the honorary degree of D.D. from Queen’s University, which was followed in 1872 by the degree of LL.D. He was elected General Conference representative to the conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, United States, in 1864; and associate representative to the Eastern British American Conference in 1868; to the English Wesleyan Conference with Rev. Dr. Dewart in 1873, and to the British Conference, held in Newcastle, in 1883. The deceased was professor of moral and mental philosophy, as well as president at Victoria College, since his first connection with that institution; and in the University Act, passed at the time of Methodist union, he was created chancellor of the university. The doctor was one of the original framers of the University Federation scheme, and gave it vigorous advocacy by platform and press, but as the face of the scheme was changed, largely because of the defection of other colleges, he withdrew his support. He was married early in life to the eldest daughter of Rev. Dr. Wood, of Davenport, who survives him. Four children have blessed the union, all of whom are living. The only son is now practising law with Cameron & Co., at Tilbury Centre; the eldest daughter is the widow of the late Kenneth Dingwall, an eminent barrister of Hamilton, while the two youngest are still unmarried.

Drolet, Jacques Francois Gaspard, Quebec, Auditor of the Province of Quebec, was born at Quebec on the 23rd January, 1828. His parents were Gaspard Drolet, advocate; and Marie Antoinette LeBlond, daughter of Jacques LeBlond, advocate. He received a full and complete course of classics at the Quebec Seminary. He entered the public service in 1862 in the department of Public Works of Canada; and was appointed auditor of the province of Quebec in 1867, under section 20 of the Treasury Department Act, 31 Vict., cap. 9, province of Quebec; 46 Vict., cap. 4, section 3, 1883, which enacts “that the provincial auditor shall hold office during good behavior, but be removable by the lieutenant-governor upon an address of the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly.” He was president of the Institut Canadien in 1859-60. In 1869, he, along with J. W. Dunscomb, collector of her Majesty’s Customs at the port of Quebec, and François Vézina, cashier of La Banque Nationale, were appointed a Board of Commissioners to enquire into and report upon the civil service of the province. In 1875 he was on a commission with J. G. Bossé, Q.C., and James Dunbar, Q.C., to enquire into the settlement of the Quebec Fire Loan; and in 1883 he was appointed a commissioner along with L. Tellier and Lieut.-Colonel A. A. Stevenson, on an enquiry on the public service. He has taken an active interest in the Volunteer movement; and during the Trent difficulty held the rank of captain in the 7th battalion of Chasseurs. Mr. Drolet is a member of the Roman Catholic church, and holds the position of church warden. He was married at Montreal, in August, 1850, to Marie Louise Eugénie, daughter of the Hon. Jean Casimir Bruneau, judge of the Superior Court, and niece of the Hon. F. P. Bruneau, one of the Legislative councillors appointed by Lord Sydenham in 1841, and of Dr. Bruneau, for a number of years professor and lecturer of McGill College, Montreal. The living issue of this marriage is three sons and three daughters. The eldest son is Joseph Eugène, advocate; Jean Casimir, Roman Catholic priest; third son, Joseph Charles Gaspard, captain in the 9th battalion Quebec Rifles. Captain Joseph C. G. Drolet went through the North-West campaign with his regiment, and is now adjutant of the Royal School of Mounted Infantry at Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Whitney, Henry A., Moncton, New Brunswick, Mechanical Superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway, was born at St. Stephen, New Brunswick, on the 11th February, 1834. His parents were Beriah Whitney and Lucy Hall, and both were descended from very early settlers in America. The first of the Whitney family emigrated from Wales, England, about the year 1640, and settled in the state of Connecticut. Of the mother’s progenitors, the Howland branch came over with the Pilgrim Fathers in 1620; and the Hall branch emigrated from Hull, England, about 1650, and made their home on Long Island. Henry A. Whitney received a common school education at St. Stephen, New Brunswick, and at Calais, Maine. As early as 1852 he began his connection with railways, and with the exception of a short interval in the years 1853-4, has been in the railway service ever since. During these thirty years he has occupied various positions on government railways, such as foreman, engine driver, shop hand, locomotive foreman, and is now mechanical superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway. He has been obliged to change his residence several times since he began his useful career, having removed from St. Stephen to Moncton in 1857; to St. John in 1858; to Shediac in 1861; and lastly to Moncton in 1872, where he has since resided. In politics Mr. Whitney takes little interest; but in religion he may be classed among the Universalists, having held, from youth up, that our Heavenly Father will finally bring all his erring children home to his house of many mansions. He was married on the 13th of December, 1861, to Margaret J. Lindsay, of St. John, New Brunswick. This lady died on the 22nd May, 1872. On the 5th of May, 1874, he was married to his second wife, Henrietta Elliott, of Moncton, New Brunswick.

Fitch, Edson, Manufacturer, Quebec, Grand First Principal of Royal Arch Masonry in the province of Quebec, is a native of Glen’s Falls, New York state, having been born there in 1838. He is a direct descendant of Governor Thomas Fitch, who was governor of the colony of Connecticut, in 1756, under the reign of George II. The family is one of the oldest in the United States. They were originally from Eltham, county of Kent, England, and came to America, landing in Boston, Mass., in 1634. The homestead of the governor, in Norwalk, Conn., is still in possession of the family, being owned by the subject of this sketch and his sister. Mr. Fitch received his educational training in his native parish. In 1861 he entered the American army as a lieutenant, and was at once sent to the front on active service. During the winter of 1862-3 he received a commission as captain, and was present with General McClellan during the peninsular campaign, and took part in all the principal engagements until the first day’s fight in the battle of the Wilderness, 5th May, 1864, when he was severely wounded, having been shot through the body. This confined him to the rear for about three months, at the end of which time he returned to his post, where he remained till the close of 1864, when, his time having expired, he was mustered out of the service. He was on staff duty most of the time, having been in twenty-seven engagements, fighting under Generals McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade and Grant. When he returned from the service he held the position of acting assistant inspector-general and chief of staff of the first brigade of the second division of the Second Army Corps. On that occasion he received the following flattering letter: —

In 1867, Captain Fitch came to Canada with the intention of organizing the business he is now engaged in, that of manufacturing match splints, and settled at Montmorency, Quebec, but was burnt out there. He then removed to Etchemin, county of Levis, where he established his business, and has had a most successful career. Twice he has seen his factory destroyed by fire, but his indomitable pluck and perseverance have carried him through. The business of manufacturing match splints is one the magnitude of which few outsiders can realize. The factory owned by Mr. Fitch is the largest of its kind in the world, making nearly ninety millions of matches in a single day To reach this almost inconceivable result, five hundred hands are employed, and no less than twenty millions of feet of timber are cut up in the course of a single year. Early in life Mr. Fitch connected himself with Masonry, having, in 1861, been initiated in Senate lodge, No. 456, G.R. of N.Y., held at Glen’s Falls. In 1868, desiring further knowledge in Masonry, he applied for the Royal Arch degrees to Stadacona Chapter, No. 2, G.R.Q., and was exalted in that chapter on 22nd October, 1868. In 1873, he affiliated with Tuscan lodge, No. 28, G.R.Q., held at Levis, and occupied the worshipful master’s chair in that lodge in 1876 and 1877. In 1877 he was elected grand senior warden of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, and in 1880 was appointed D.D.G. Master for Quebec and Three Rivers district, and held that office two years and a half. In 1882 he was unanimously elected deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge. In 1884, the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons chose him as their grand third principal; in 1885 and again in 1886 as grand second principal, and at the last meeting of the Grand Chapter, held in the city of Montreal, in January, 1887, he was placed, by the voice of the companions assembled, in the exalted position of grand first principal. He was one of the charter members of William de la More, the Martyr Preceptory of Knights Templars at Quebec, with which body he is still connected. He has been chairman of the Committee of Benevolence and Charity of the Grand Lodge since 1882. He is representative in Quebec of the Grand Lodge of California and Grand Chapter of Indiana. And he has always taken an active part in all matters pertaining to the craft in his district and province, and is an ardent supporter of the principle of Grand Lodge sovereignty. In politics Mr. Fitch is a Liberal; and in religion is an adherent of the Baptist church. He was married to Mary A., second daughter of the late James Bowen, of Quebec.

Badgley, Rev. Prof. E. I., M.A., B.D., LL.D., Victoria University, Cobourg.—Professor Badgley, of United Empire loyalist descent, was born in Prince Edward county, which county was also the birth place of his father and mother. At the time of the American revolution his great-grandfather owned a large landed property in the state of New Jersey, but having espoused the royalists’ cause, his property was confiscated. Preferring citizenship under the British Crown rather than in the Republic, he determined to find a home in the then wilderness of Canada. Pursued as an enemy and a fugitive, he suffered many hair-breadth escapes. For several days he lay concealed in his hayloft, where more than once the enemy searched for him, repeatedly walking over him as he lay buried beneath the hay. From this place of concealment he escaped to find refuge for three days in a potato pit. After many adventures scarcely less perilous, he finally was enabled to reach Canada, whither his family in due time followed him. They settled about six miles from Belleville, in what is now the township of Thurlow. Dr. Canniff, in his work on the “Settlement of Upper Canada,” mentions him and his sons as among the first settlers north of the village of Cannifton. His wife’s name was Lawrence, whom he married in England, and through that connection repeated efforts have been made to secure for the heirs a supposed fortune lying to their credit, so far, however, without any success. One of the sons, Professor Badgley’s grandfather, finally settled in Prince Edward county, from which place he went to Kingston to do service for his country, in 1812. By an exchange of property the family removed to Thurlow, where his mother, whose maiden name was Howard, still lives. With an ardent desire for a better training than the public school could furnish, Professor Badgley left the farm when seventeen years of age, and entered as a student at Belleville Seminary, afterwards Albert University. He graduated with the second-class in 1868, and immediately entered upon the work of the ministry, in connection with the late Methodist Episcopal church. After three years of successful labor, he returned to Albert College as an adjunct professor in metaphysics and mathematics. Three years later, on the election of Dr. Carman, president of the university, to the episcopacy, Professor Badgley was appointed to the chair of mental and moral philosophy, which he satisfactorily filled for a period of ten years. While in the ministry, and during the period he served as adjunct professor, he pursued a definite line of reading, and regularly graduated in both theology and law. As a result of Methodist union, Albert University was consolidated with Victoria, in 1884, since which date he has held the chair of mental philosophy and logic in the latter university. For several years Professor Badgley was a regular contributor to the editorial columns of the Canada Christian Advocate, and has frequently written for the “Canadian Methodist Magazine.” He was a delegate to the Ecumenical Methodist Conference, in London, in 1881, where he read an important paper on ministerial education. At different times and places he has delivered several addresses on metaphysical and philosophical subjects, the publication of which has been frequently requested. In May, 1887, he delivered the tenth annual lecture before the Theological Union of Victoria University, on “Faith, vs. Knowledge.” In 1870 he was married to Emma Bell, daughter of John S. Bell, Napanee, whose father was an officer in the British army, and on whose confiscated property a part of the city of Albany now stands. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.

McConnell, John, M.D., M.C.P.S.O., Toronto, Lieutenant 12th Battalion York Rangers, was born in the township of Scarboro’, on the 4th March, 1846. His father, John McConnell, served under Mr. Howard, of High Park, in the defence of Little York (Toronto), during the time of the William Lyon McKenzie rebellion. He was an adherent of the Methodist church, and acted in the capacity of local preacher for about forty years; he was also a justice of the peace, and a man greatly respected in his day. His mother, Elizabeth McGaw, was a daughter of the late Andrew McGaw, of Port Hope. Both families first settled in Scarboro’ about 1836. Dr. McConnell’s father, after a residence of about ten years there, bought the farm, lot twenty-three, second concession, of Markham, and removed there in 1849. The subject of our sketch was the fourth son of the above union, born in the old homestead in Scarboro’, and accompanied his parents to their new home. He received his primary education in the public schools of Markham, where he remained until 1859. Then he began to entertain ideas of supporting himself, and hired out to a farmer at $10 a month, for the summer season. This engagement completed, he returned home, and his father sent him to the Grammar School, Richmond Hill, then under the charge of the late Rev. John Boyd, B.A. Soon after he entered this school, Mr. Boyd resigned, and was succeeded by L. H. Evans, B.A., of Trinity College, under whose able tuition young McConnell remained for three years. Early in 1863 he underwent an examination, and succeeded in gaining a second-class A. certificate, which gave him great satisfaction. He then applied for a situation as teacher in a number of school sections, but owing to his youth, he did not succeed until December of that year, when he obtained a school in York township, with a salary of £67 10s. per annum, when he began his real battle with the world. During the following year he undertook the somewhat difficult task of preparing himself for a matriculation examination in the Toronto University, and also to prepare for a first-class certificate as a teacher. He succeeded in both, and moreover, secured an advance of £10 to his salary for the next year, which was of great use to him. During 1864 he commenced the study of medicine. In 1866 he left York township and removed to Scarboro’, where he secured a school at £90 a year. From here he was in the habit of driving thirteen miles four days a week to prosecute his medical studies in Toronto, and the following spring he matriculated in medicine. He continued teaching until October, when he relinquished his school and became a student in the Toronto School of Medicine. In the spring of 1867 he passed his primary examination at the University of Toronto, and was admitted as an undergraduate in the Toronto Hospital, and also placed in charge of the Burnside Lying-in Hospital, Sheppard street. Notwithstanding these somewhat onerous duties, he attached himself to the military school in connection with the 13th Hussars, a British regiment of cavalry then stationed at the New Fort, Toronto, under the command of the late Colonel Jennings, one of the heroes of the Light Brigade, and from whom he received many evidences of respect and kindness. He was attached as an officer of the Oak Ridge troop of cavalry, to which he had belonged from 1860, when, on the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales, it was stationed in Toronto, and was with this troop, under arms, at Richmond Hill (headquarters) during the Fenian troubles, in 1866. Before leaving the Military School, in the autumn of 1868, he received from Colonel Jennings a first-class certificate, which he is proud still to possess. He then returned to his lectures in the university—still retaining his position in the hospital—and worked hard both in and out of school, so that when the examination came on in the spring, he passed a most critical examination, and succeeded in securing the degree of M.B. He received his diploma on the 11th June, 1869, and commenced to practise his profession at Thornhill, township of Vaughan, York county, where he practised for fifteen years, when he removed to Brockton, in 1882, then a suburb of, and now part of, the city of Toronto. Shortly after taking up his residence in Brockton, he was elected reeve of the village by acclamation; and in 1884, when it was annexed to Toronto as St. Mark’s ward, the doctor represented it in the city council. He is coroner for the county of York, and has held the position of president of the West York Reform Association, and also of the Reform Association of Vaughan. In June, 1886, Dr. McConnell was gazetted second lieutenant of the 12th Battalion York Rangers, and in June, 1887, was attached to “C.” Royal School of Infantry, New Fort Barracks, Toronto, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Otter, and was awarded a second-class certificate, and received his commission as first lieutenant of the York Rangers. As a professional man, he is endowed with a kindly disposition, and is never slow to help any poor person-visiting his office for medical advice or medicine. Dr. McConnell has been for four years attendant physician to the Protestant Orphans’ Home, of Toronto, where two hundred orphan children are supported by the charitable people of the city and neighborhood, and his watchful care has not only been gratuitous, but productive of the most gratifying results. Besides practising his profession, he has interested himself in real estate, and is now one of the largest property owners in the ward of St. Mark. His career points a moral which our young men would do well to study, showing as it does that perseverance and attention to duty is a greater requisite to success in life than to be born to affluence. He was married previous to his beginning his practice, to Miss Powell, of York township, and during their residence at Thornhill, eight children were born to them, five daughters and three sons, and of these, three daughters and one son survive.

Roberts, Charles George Douglas, M.A., Professor of Modern Literature, King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born at Douglas, near Fredericton, New Brunswick, on the 10th of January, 1860. His father, the Rev. G. Goodridge Roberts, M.A., rector of Fredericton, was the eldest son of the late George Roberts, Ph.D., a gentleman of English descent, formerly headmaster of Fredericton Collegiate School, and professor of classics in the University of New Brunswick. Our poet comes of a line of ancestors more or less conspicuous as scholars, upon both maternal and paternal sides. His mother, Emma Wetmore Bliss Roberts, daughter of the late Judge Bliss, also of Fredericton, comes of an old loyalist family, of which Emerson’s mother was a member. Mr. Roberts, the subject of this sketch, was educated at Fredericton Collegiate School, where he took the Douglas medal for classics. In 1877, while at the University of New Brunswick, he took a classical scholarship, with honors in Greek and Latin; in 1878, the alumni gold medal for an essay in Latin; and in 1879 graduating with honors in metaphysics and ethics. In this year he was appointed head-master of Chatham, New Brunswick, Grammar School. In 1880 his first volume of verse, entitled “Orion and other Poems,” was published by J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia; and in 1881 he took his degree of M.A., and according to the ordinary acceptation of the term, “finished his education,” though a man’s education may never truly be said to be finished while he is an inhabitant of this mortal sphere, and retains his faculties. Yet the foregoing statements prove that Mr. Roberts had acquired much knowledge at a very early age, and at a very early age was inspired by the soul of song. No one can doubt this who has read the following extract, which we take from his lines entitled “To the Spirit of Song”:

These lines are to be found on the first page of his volume, entitled “Orion, and other Poems,” and unquestionably show genius in the boy under twenty years of age, for it would have been impossible for any one not possessed of the soul of song to have conceived them. Had the first, third, fourth, eleventh, and thirteenth lines been equal to those we have quoted, the concluding line —

—would have made the picture of the dark-eyed, dark-haired aspirant for immortality, kneeling before the white-robed angel, a simply perfect creation. The poem “Orion” is an outcome of his early love for classical literature, and when we consider that it was written by a boy standing on the threshold of life, it is wonderful; and shows distinctly what he may attain in coming years, when at the zenith of his power. This poem contains many lines of unsurpassed beauty. We quote the following couplet, which is taken from that part of the poem which describes Orion lying upon the seashore in his utter wretchedness, when the drug administered by the king is beginning to affect him. The scene is described as, at the setting of the sun —

And again, later in the night, a slave comes with the king bearing a cup containing the juice with which he puts out Orion’s eyes, and a servitor bearing a torch, before whose light —

And how beautiful are the lines sung by the weeping sea-nymphs —

And again, when he regains his sight —

But it may be that the genius of Mr. Roberts is nowhere so apparent as in a short poem of his that we have seen somewhere, entitled, “Off Pelorus,” the first stanza of which is an exquisite piece of word-painting, combined with the very soul of song. We quote from memory —

It is impossible to separate true poetry from its sister, painting, and here the two walk hand in hand. The rich coloring of the painter, the subtle thought and music of the poet, and all developed strongly, so as to come within the immediate grasp of ordinary intelligence. We have not seen Mr. Roberts’ prose writing, but we are informed that he has written much that is masterly in thought and style; can do good battle in a political discussion, and has peculiar and abundant gifts in the field of criticism. In 1882 he was appointed head-master of York Street School, Fredericton. In 1883 he accepted the position of editor of The Week, a Toronto weekly, from which he, finding his tastes did not harmonize with the director’s, retired in four months, when he returned to New Brunswick, and was there engaged with several literary undertakings, till his call, in 1885, to the University of King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, as professor of English and French literature and political economy. In 1887 he published his most important work, “In Divers Tones” (Montreal: Dawson Bros.; Boston: D. Lothrop & Co.), which has been very favorably received. Professor Roberts is a contributor to most of the notable publications printed in the English language; among these may be mentioned “Longman’s,” “The Century,” “Wide Awake,” and “Outing.” Mr. Roberts is a member of the Church of England, and was married December 29th, 1880, to Mary Isabel Fenety, daughter of George E. Fenety, Queen’s printer, of Fredericton, New Brunswick. By this marriage he has three children.

Chicoyne, Jerome Adolphe, Advocate, Sherbrooke, was born on the 22nd August, 1844, at St. Pie, county of Bagot, province of Quebec. His paternal ancestors came over from France at the time Mr. de Maisonneuve was recruiting settlers for the colony of Ville-Marie. His name was Pierre Chicoyne, and his place in France was and is still called Channay, in the old Province of Anjou. He became proprietor of the fief Bellevue, in the parish of Verchères, which fief still belongs to his descendants. Members of the family continue to reside in the same place and vicinity in France, and intercourse is regularly kept up between them from both sides of the ocean. A new settlement, started in the township of Woburn, at the head of Lake Megantic, in the county of Beauce (where the subject of our sketch felled the first tree on the 8th December, 1880), is named Channay, as a reminiscence of the place wherefrom his ancestor came. Mr. Chicoyne was educated at the Seminary of St. Hyacinthe, and followed the usual course—eight years. He was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada on the 17th September, 1868, at Montreal; and after practising at St. Hyacinthe until 1872, was compelled to quit it in consequence of ill-health. He then became attached to the department of agriculture of the province of Quebec, as colonization agent, and has ever since been connected with the colonization movement in the Eastern Townships. In 1875 he left St. Hyacinthe with his family, and settled at La Patrie, one of the new settlements organized by him in his capacity of government agent. In 1880, he started a colonization scheme (under the patronage of both the Provincial and Federal governments) in France, which resulted in the influx of considerable French capital and immigrants to these townships. Some of the results may now be seen in the great progress achieved by the village of Megantic, in the county of Compton, and in the above mentioned settlement of Channay. In January, 1886, he took the direction of Le Pionnier, the oldest French paper in the Eastern Townships, which paper has largely contributed to, and still helps, the settlement of that comparatively new section of the country. He took part for the first time in politics during the elections of 1867, in the Conservative interest, and is still, and has ever been a most devoted and faithful worker in the Conservative ranks. Mr. Chicoyne has made four trips to Europe, and has visited England, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy, and while in these countries studied the political economy and social questions of the age. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic church. On the 7th January, 1868, he was married at St. Hyacinthe, to Dame Caroline Perreault.

Elliott, Edward, Barrister, Perth, Ontario, was born in the township of Elmsley, county of Lanark, Ontario, on the 29th June, 1884. He is of Irish descent, his father, John Elliot, and mother, Rebecca Taylor, both having been born in Ireland. The family came to Canada in 1818, and shortly afterwards settled in Lanark. The subject of this sketch received his education at the Grammar School of Perth. In 1863 he began the study of the law with the late William Oscar Buell, barrister, in Perth. Mr. Elliott was admitted as a solicitor in Michaelmas term 1868, and called to the bar in Hilary term 1869. Though devoted to his profession, he has yet found time to serve his fellow-citizens in various capacities. For ten years he has been a member of the town council, during two of which he served as mayor, namely, in 1879 and 1880. He has been for some time a member of the Board of Education of Perth. In politics, he has taken an active interest, and was a candidate for parliamentary honors, on the Conservative side, in South Lanark, in 1879, but was defeated by only fifty-three of a majority. Again he contested the same riding, in 1883, but again suffered defeat; this time, however, by only twenty-nine of majority. He has resided in Perth since he commenced the study of the law, and is the senior member of the firm of Elliott & Rogers, solicitors, etc., doing a good law business. In 1882 Mr. Elliott was called to the bar of Manitoba. In 1880 he joined the True Britons’ lodge, No. 14, A. F. and A. M., and has taken an interest in the order ever since. He has travelled through the United States, and the greater part of Canada. In politics, he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion, is a member of the Church of England. He has held the office of warden, and is also a lay delegate to the Diocesan Synod. He was married on the 5th July, 1870, to Harriet, youngest daughter of the late John Rudd, merchant, Perth, and has a family of four girls.

La Rue, Thomas George, Quebec, Notary Public and Collector of Inland Revenue for the Dominion of Canada, in the division of Quebec, is descended from one of the most ancient French families in New France, represented by Jean de La Rue, who settled at Quebec in 1636, and married Jaqueline Pin, in 1663, one of the first pupils of the Ursuline nuns of Quebec. Thomas George La Rue was born at St. Jean, Orleans Island, on the 21st December, 1834, and is the second son of Nazaire La Rue, who was a lieutenant-colonel in the militia, and a notary public. His mother was Adelaide Roy. He was educated at the Laval University, and was admitted to practice his profession on the 4th February, 1856. Mr. La Rue is noted for the lively interest he, in common with the late Dr. Hubert La Rue, and his brother, a professor at the Laval University, has taken in agricultural pursuits in the province of Quebec. In 1867 he published, in the Evénement newspaper, several essays, under the title of “Causeries Agricoles,” bearing on the experiments he had made on his farm on the Island of Orleans, and these were, in 1872, collected and issued in book shape by the Journal d’Agriculture de St. Hyacinthe, and distributed all over the province. He was a member of the Notarial Board for the province of Quebec, from 1862 to 1879, and was elected vice-president of it in 1876. In 1869, jointly with the Hon. Louis Archambault and Emery Papineau, his colleagues, he prepared the constitution which governs the Board of Notaries for the province of Quebec. For twenty-five years he was an active worker in the ranks of the Liberal party, and in 1862 acquired by purchase, assisted by the Hon. Ulric J. Tessier, now a judge in the Court of Appeal; Francis Evanturel, ex-minister of agriculture; the late G. Joly, seignior of Lotbinière, father of the present Hon. H. G. Joly; and J. G. Barthe, barrister, the journal known as Le Canadien. And this newspaper originated in its columns such a fierce opposition to the government of the day—the Cartier-McDonald—on the Militia Bill, that it compelled it to resign and give way for the formation of the McDonald-Sicotte administration. Mr. La Rue was mainly instrumental in securing for the Liberal party the parliamentary division of Quebec East, which, ever since the warmly-contested election of the Hon. Senator Pantaléon Peltier, in 1871, has remained until this day, a fortress to the party. In 1872 he came forward on the Liberal ticket, in the county of Montmorency, but was beaten at the polls by the late Jean Langlois, Q.C. In 1874 the McKenzie administration entrusted him, as a notary, with the settlement of the claims arising from seignorial dues in the province of Quebec. In 1878, Mr. La Rue finally withdrew from politics, and accepted the important appointment of collector of inland revenue for the division of Quebec, the duties of which he has continued to fill ever since. In 1857, he was married to Helen Marie Louise, eldest daughter of the late Pierre Guénette, a merchant in Quebec city.

Baynes, William Craig, B.A., was born in Quebec in 1809. He was educated in England for the service of the East India Company, but on the death of his father gave up the appointment, and later entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1836. In 1839 he was summoned to receive his M.A., but had scruples of conscience as to taking the oath of conformity, and the higher honor was refused. Mr. Baynes came of a military family. His father saw service in Africa, where he assisted in the capture of the Cape in 1795, and in India, and was adjutant-general of the army in Canada and colonel of the Glengarry Fencibles in the war of 1812. Three of his sons also entered the army. Mr. Baynes married in 1841, and in 1843 returned to Canada, and settled in the neighborhood of Kingsey, where his father had purchased land. Here he carried on farming for twelve years, giving it up in 1856, when he received the secretaryship of the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning (McGill College, Montreal), which post he held continuously until his death, which took place on Sunday, 9th October, 1887. He leaves four sons. He was for many years the leading member of the Plymouth Brethren in Montreal, and generally conducted their services.

Strachan, John, LL.D., D.D., Bishop of Toronto.—The late Bishop Strachan was born at Aberdeen, Scotland, on the 12th of April, 1778, and received his early education at the Grammar School of that city, and finished his term at King’s College in 1796, when he got his Master’s degree. His father was a poor man, straitened in circumstances; yet, with the characteristic ambition of a Scotchman, he had determined that his son should be well equipped for future conflict with the world. He was only nineteen years of age when he was declared the successful candidate for the parochial schoolmastership of Kettle. There were nearly one hundred and fifty pupils in this school, among them Sir David Wilkie, the artist, and Commodore Robert Barclay, doomed to misfortune on Lake Erie, from no fault of his own. He remained at Kettle three years, when an invitation to Canada came to change the current of his life. It was towards the close of the eighteenth century that some liberal friends of education anxiously contemplating the establishment of a high school and university, bethought themselves of applying to Scotland for a teacher to whom they could confide the training of their sons, and, amongst those, the most directly interested was the Hon. Richard Cartwright, grandfather of the present Sir Richard Cartwright, a man of enterprise and far-sighted views. Mr. Strachan having been engaged for the purpose, towards the end of 1799 he sailed from Greenock, by way of New York, and arrived in Kingston on the last day of the year. His first experience of Upper Canada took the form of disappointment. Governor Simcoe, with that statesmanlike prescience that characterised him, had from the first made the establishment of a university his first and chief desideratum. But unfortunately the first governor had been removed before his patriotic scheme was carried into effect, and just when Mr. Strachan arrived at Kingston there seemed to be no prospect that either the university or grammar school system would be attempted for the present. Mr. Cartwright recognised the trying position of the young teacher, and generously set himself to work on his behalf. He had four sons himself, and his friends could add to the number of pupils, and so provide the young Scot with an honorable and fairly remunerative living until the plans of the government were matured. Mr. Strachan was a Presbyterian, but his father was an Episcopal non-juror—a champion of the lost cause of the Stuarts, and his earliest recollections of church services were those he attended with his father at Aberdeen, presided over by Bishop Skinner. Subsequently he habitually accompanied his widowed mother to the Relief Church, of which she was a member. He was only a Presbyterian by accident. When he arrived at Kingston, and was thrown in contact with the Rev. Dr. Stuart, who, although an Anglican, was the son of a Presbyterian, he was naturally attracted to the church of his father, so that when Mr. Cartwright and Dr. Stuart advised him to study divinity, the change was easily made, and the result was that the future bishop received deacon’s orders in 1803. The bishop of Niagara, who was afterwards one of his pupils at Toronto, has given a graphic description of Mr. Strachan’s methods, and of his remarkable success as a teacher. His great care was to interest the boys in their studies, and to draw out their latent capabilities by attractive means. To him education meant what its etymology implies, not cramming, but development. Perhaps no instructor could boast of a larger number of pupils who obtained eminence in after life. Chief Justice Robinson, and his brother, the Hon. W. B. Robinson, Chief Justices Macaulay and McLean, Judge Jonas Jones, Dean Bethune, of Montreal, and his brother, Bishop Strachan’s successor in the See of Toronto, the Hon. H. J. and G. S. Boulton, Col. Vankoughnet, father of the chancellor, Donald Æneas Macdonell, and others, sat at the feet of the ex-dominie of Kettle. Dr. Strachan removed to York, at the insistance of General Brock, and, in 1812, became rector of York. For the first time he now entered the political sphere, by taking the initiative in forming a loyal and patriotic society. The times were out of joint; war was imminent, and with characteristic vigor the new rector came to the fore. There was a strong heart beating beneath the ecclesiastical vestments, and he had an opportunity soon of showing his mettle. When the long expected shock of war came on, there never was a busier or more useful man than Dr. Strachan. It has been remarked that when York was taken, he was “priest, soldier, and diplomatist,” all in one. At the capture of York, he was incessantly active. After the explosion by which General Pike was killed at the old fort, the Americans threatened vengeance upon the defenceless town which had been evacuated by General Sheaffe and his forces. The rector, however, was equal to the occasion; and, as a contemporary writer puts it, “by his great firmness of character, saved the town of York in 1813 from sharing the same fate as the town of Niagara met with some months afterwards.” The sturdy clergyman at once visited General Dearborn, and threatened that if he carried out his threat of sacking the town, Buffalo, Lewiston, Sackett’s Harbor, and Oswego, should be destroyed as soon as troops arrived from England. His earnestness and determination moved the American, and he spared the little Yorkers from any systematic burning and plunder. But all the danger was not over; marauding parties wandered about the town seeking for plunder, and not unfrequently were confronted by the sturdy little rector. On one occasion two American soldiers visited the house of Colonel Givens, who was an officer in the retreating army. The inmates were absolutely helpless, and the marauders made off with the family plate. Dr. Strachan at once went after them, and demanded back the stolen property. Under the circumstances this was a singularly courageous thing to do, and apparently a hopeless one. But the rector was a man of unwavering resolution, and managed at last, without any other weapon than that which nature had placed in his mouth, to secure the return of the goods to their rightful owner. The pluck and bravery displayed by him throughout that trying time showed sufficiently the real “grit” of the man, and the boldness and strength of will shewn then, characterized his life. In resolution and determined perseverance, he was every inch a Scot. In 1818 began Dr. Strachan’s public life in the ordinary sense of the term; for he was then nominated an executive councillor and took his seat in the Legislative Council. He remained a member of the government until 1836, and of the Upper House up to the union of the provinces in 1841. About the time of Dr. Strachan’s appointment as councillor, began the politico-ecclesiastical conflict which was only brought to a close within the memory of the existing generation. By the Imperial Act of 1774, which conceded to the Gallican clergy the right to collect tithes, provision was made for the support of “a Protestant clergy;” and in 1791, one-seventh of the lands was set apart for that purpose in Upper Canada under the name of Clergy Reserves. In 1819, the Presbyterians of Niagara petitioned the lieutenant-governor, Sir Peregrine Maitland, for a grant of £100 for the support of a Scottish Church minister, and boldly hinted that the grant should come from the funds arising from the Clergy Reserves. This memorial was forwarded in due course to Earl Bathurst, the colonial secretary, who replied that the reserves were intended for the established churches of England and Scotland, and not for “denominations” referred to by the governor. This despatch at once aroused Dr. Strachan, who in 1823 forwarded a memorial protesting against the attempt to distribute funds intended for the Anglican church. His somewhat narrow creed, political no less than ecclesiastical, to be rightly understood, must be viewed from his own standpoint, and it may be readily condoned when one contemplates his vigor and patriotic impulse. The law officers of the Crown decided that the Clergy Reserves were not intended exclusively for the Anglican church. As there were two established churches, each equipped with “a Protestant clergy,” they were of opinion that the Church of Scotland had an equal right with the sister communion to a share in the land endowment. They went still further and vindicated the claims of other Protestant denominations. No sooner was this conceded by parliament than the entire ground was cut from beneath the feet of those who advocated a monopoly in state support for religion. Before the Union of 1841, no less than sixteen measures which had passed the Legislative Assembly for the secularization of the Reserves were rejected by the Legislative Council. It was only after a bitter struggle, lasting over more than thirty years, it was finally set at rest by the Act of 1854. During the whole period Dr. Strachan was faithful to his principles, and could brook no compromise. In 1836 he resigned his place as executive councillor, and in 1839 became the first bishop of Toronto. The following year he ceased to be a member of the Legislative Council, and abstained thenceforth from taking any part in public affairs, save in that department which may be termed church politics. The other subject of intense interest with him was the Provincial University. Twenty-eight years elapsed before any attempt was made to carry out the project of Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. In 1827 a Royal charter was granted in favor of King’s College. It was to be essentially an Anglican university. In the four faculties, all the professors were to be “members of the Established United Church of England and Ireland,” and were required “to severally sign and subscribe the Thirty-nine articles.” The only liberal provision in it was an exemption from any religious test on the part of students and graduates in faculties other than that of divinity. King’s College was not opened until 1843, and in 1850 all that made it valuable in the bishop’s eyes were eliminated. All that was distinctly Anglican disappeared. The faculty of divinity was abolished and, as far as education was concerned, “all semblance of connection between church and state,” proclaimed afterwards in the preamble to the Clergy Reserve Act, was done away. The venerable bishop was equal to the emergency, and started on a mission to Britain to raise funds, and in little more than six months he returned with the first fruits,—some sixteen thousand pounds sterling. In the spring of 1857 the corner stone of Trinity College was laid, and in the beginning of the following year the building was so far completed as to be fit for occupation. The Royal charter was secured in 1853. Thus, by the inextinguishable ardor and energy of one zealous prelate was the purpose of his life at last secured. In other directions, the memorable prelate certainly effected work of unquestionable value. So soon as the severance between church and state had been formally proclaimed, his administrative and legislative tact was employed in placing the Anglican church upon a sound governmental basis. To him the laity of that communion owe it that they are represented in the synods of the church as substantially as with the Presbyterians. The bishop’s later years were spent in efforts to extend the usefulness of the church to which he was so ardently attached, and during the evening of his long and eventful life he was universally respected by men of all creeds and political parties. He had lived in the province and been a conspicuous actor in its affairs from the days of Governor Simcoe to the opening year of confederation, and died on the 2nd of November, 1867, in the eighty-ninth year of his age, manful, energetic and courageous to the last. The last tribute of respect was paid to Bishop Strachan by the attendance at his funeral of the two universities, with whose early fortunes his name was indissolubly associated. The national societies, the clergy of all churches, Protestant and Catholic, all the civic dignitaries and institutions, were fully represented on the occasion, and it was not without significance that the troops, regular and other, lined the streets, and that the strains of martial music were heard at the burial of one who was first a churchman of the military type, and next a patriotic citizen.

Wallbridge, Hon. Lewis, Chief Justice of Manitoba, born in Belleville, Ontario, 27th November, 1816, and died at Winnipeg, on the 20th October, 1887, was a grandson of Elijah Wallbridge, a United Empire loyalist, who settled in Canada shortly after the American war of independence. His father was a lumber merchant of Belleville. The family emigrated from Dorsetshire, England, on account of having taken part in the Duke of Monmouth’s rebellion against King James. Mr. Wallbridge received his education under the late Dr. Benjamin Workman in Montreal, and at Upper Canada College, Toronto. He studied law in Robert Baldwin’s office, Toronto; was called to the bar in 1839, and created a Queen’s counsel in 1856. In 1858 he was elected to the parliament of Canada, subsequently becoming solicitor-general, and a member of the Macdonald-Dorion government. In 1863, whilst holding the office of solicitor-general, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons, which position he occupied for a little more than four years, and presided over the debate on confederation at Quebec. After retiring from political life he practised law in Belleville, and on the death, in 1882, of Hon. E. B. Wood, chief justice of Manitoba, was appointed to succeed him. Hon. Mr. Wallbridge was one of the last survivors of a long line of prominent Canadian politicians whose records as such are, for the most part, now known only in history. It is almost fifty years since he first began the practice of his profession, and almost the lifetime of a generation since he first entered parliament. He was a moderate Reformer in politics. He was of a kindly genial disposition, and had many personal friends. He was buried at Belleville, Ontario.

Brodie, Robert, Merchant, Quebec, was born in Montreal on the 11th May, 1835. His parents, Charles Brodie and Elizabeth Kerr, emigrated from Innerleithen, Peeblesshire, Scotland, in 1831, and settled in Montreal. Robert, the subject of our sketch, received a common school education in his native city, and in 1850, when but a lad of fifteen years of age, entered the dry goods establishment of Henry Morgan & Co., the then leading retail store in Montreal, and continued in this business until 1855, when he removed to Quebec city. Here he entered the employment of his brother, Charles Brodie, who was at that time carrying on an extensive flour and provision business. In 1859 Charles Brodie died, when Robert, with his brother William, succeeded to the business, and continued to carry it on on a more extensive scale, under the firm name of W. & R. Brodie. In 1868, Thomas Brodie, another brother, was admitted a partner, the firm name remaining unchanged. The operations of the firm then further extended, and the three brothers are now doing the largest business in their line in the ancient capital. Besides an extensive local trade, they send to the Provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia annually large quantities of flour and provisions. Outside of business hours, Mr. Brodie has taken an active part in whatever movement happened to be on foot calculated to improve the social condition of the people among whom he resided. He has been a total abstainer all his life, and was one of the first to join the Rechabites, when this temperance order was first introduced into Canada. When it was superseded by the order of the Sons of Temperance at a later date, he joined the new order, and for many years was one of its most active members. He is one of those who firmly believe in the doctrine that the liquor traffic must be ultimately suppressed by law. Apart from social reform, he has also been connected with most of the local enterprises originated in Quebec city during the past fifteen or twenty years, either as an assistant or promoter. He is a shareholder in the Quebec Steamship Company; the Quebec and Levis Ferry Company; the Quebec Fire Insurance Company; the Quebec Bank, etc. He, with others, originated the Quebec Worsted Company and is one of its directors. Mr. Brodie has been a member of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners for a number of years. This board is composed of six members—three being appointed by the city council and three by the local government, and he is the appointee of the city council. He has not had time to extend his travels beyond Canada, but he has visited nearly every point of interest in the Dominion. In religion, he is a Presbyterian. For a number of years he has been an elder in Chalmer’s Church, and was a commissioner from the presbytery of Quebec to the general assembly held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in June, 1887. He has always been a Liberal in politics, and gives a generous support to the Liberal party. In 1865 he was married to Jane, daughter of David Blair, of Lotbinière, Province of Quebec, who emigrated from Scotland in 1831.

Rourke, James, Manufacturer, St. Martin’s, New Brunswick, was born at Musquash, St. John county, N.B., on the 27th of June, 1838. His father was William Henry Rourke, a descendant of O’Rourke, one of the kings of Ireland. His mother, Phœbe Ann Cronk, born in Digby, Nova Scotia, came of a Lancaster, England, family. Mr. Rourke received his education in the schools of his native parish. He removed from Musquash in 1858, to Hopewell, Albert county, N.B., and in 1863 left Albert county and took up his permanent abode at St. Martin’s, where he now resides. Early in life he devoted himself to business pursuits, and is now extensively engaged in the manufacture and shipping of lumber at St. Martin’s. He is connected with the St. Martin’s Manufacturing Company; the Upham Railway Company; the North-Eastern Railway Company, and the Bell Telephone Company. He takes an interest in military affairs, and is captain of the St. Martin’s Rifles Company of Volunteers. He is a past master of the Masonic brotherhood, and is also a member of the order of Oddfellows. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and is vice-president of St. Martin’s Liberal-Conservative Club. At the last general election he was nominated for a seat in the New Brunswick legislature for St. John city and county, but failed to carry his election, although he received a large vote. He was a member of the municipal council of St. John city and county from 1876 to 1886, but on his being appointed a valuator he resigned. However, he was again elected in 1887 to a seat in the council, as representative of his parish. He is an adherent of the Episcopal church. On the 16th March, 1871, he was married to Charlotte Wishart, daughter of Captain B. Wishart, a native of Scotland.

Ure, Rev. Robert, D.D., Minister of the Presbyterian Church, Goderich, Ontario, though a long resident of Canada,—having come to the country in 1842—is a Scotchman by birth. He was born in the parish of Shotts, Lanarkshire, on the 23rd January, 1823. His father, John Ure, was an iron founder in Dumbarton, Scotland, and, like many other enterprising men of his day, helped to develop the iron industries of his native country, and are now held in grateful remembrance by the toiling thousands in the south-west of Scotland. His mother was Barbara Dalziel. The Ure family, from which the subject of our sketch is descended, came originally from France, being Huguenots, and settled in Scotland. Robert received his primary education in his native parish, and when only nineteen years of age emigrated to Canada, and settled in Hamilton, Ontario. Having resolved to devote himself to the ministry, he for a time studied privately with the late Rev. Alexander Gale, M.A., Presbyterian minister, and then, in 1845, entered Knox College, Toronto, and completed his theological course in 1850. The same year he received a call to the Presbyterian Church in Streetsville, where he remained for twelve years. In 1862 he removed to Goderich, and here he has since labored with great acceptance, and is greatly beloved by his flock. Dr. Ure’s scholastic attainments are of a high order, and in recognition of this, Queen’s College, Kingston, conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in May, 1876. For two years he lectured in Knox College, Toronto, on apologetics, still attending to his pastoral duties, but in consequence of ill-health he had to give up this lectureship. During the years 1879-80 he gave lectures on homiletics in Queen’s College, Kingston, and when the Knox College Alumni Association was formed, the doctor was chosen its first president. Dr. Ure took a conspicuous part in bringing about the union of the Presbyterian churches in Canada; first with the United Presbyterian Church, and secondly with that connected with the Kirk of Scotland. During the negotiations for the former union he was convenor of one committee, and the late Rev. Dr. William Taylor, of Montreal, of the other. When the scheme had been consummated, Dr. Taylor, being the senior, was honored by being chosen first moderator of the General Assembly of the united churches, and Dr. Ure had a similar honor conferred upon him by being its second moderator after the union. In the subject of education the doctor takes the deepest interest, and for a long period he served as grammar school trustee. He has a large parish, with two country stations attached, and has the advantage of an assistant. He is an eloquent preacher, and his sermons are noted for their earnestness and originality. He has been twice married. He was married to his first wife, Margaret Gale, sister of the late Rev. Alexander Gale, M.A., first Presbyterian minister of Hamilton. This estimable lady died in December, 1869. His present wife is Mary Fraser, widow of the late Sheriff Macdonald, of Goderich.

Taché, Eugene Etienne, Quebec, Assistant Commissioner of Crown Lands for the Province of Quebec, Provincial Land Surveyor for Upper and Lower Canada, and Architect, was born at St. Thomas, Montmagny county, on the 24th of October, 1836. His father was the Hon. Sir Etienne Paschal Taché, one of the fathers of confederation, and his mother, Sophie Morency. Mr. Taché, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Seminary of Quebec, and at the Upper Canada College, Toronto. In 1862 he held a captain’s commission in the Chasseurs Canadiens in Quebec, and after his temporary removal to Ottawa, held for a time the position of lieutenant in the Civil Service Rifle Corps. He is also a captain in the sedentary militia of Quebec. In 1869 he received the appointment of assistant commissioner of Crown Lands for the province of Quebec, and this position he occupies now. As a surveyor, he has had considerable experience. For eighteen months, while studying this branch of his profession under Walter Shanley, C.E., he was engaged on the survey of the Ottawa Ship Canal. As an architect, too, he has done a good deal, having acted in this capacity in the erection of the Quebec parliamentary buildings, and the Quebec drill hall. He was also the designer of the handsome façades on the new court house, in Quebec. In the midst of his various duties he has devoted some time to travel, and in 1867 visited Britain, France, and Italy. He is the author of “Maps of the Province of Quebec,” of which he issued two editions, the first in 1870, and the second in 1880. In religion, Mr. Taché is a Roman Catholic. He has been twice married; first, in July, 1859, to O. Eleonore Bender, who died without issue; second, to Clara J. Duchesnay, daughter of the late Hon. Antoine Juchereau Duchesnay, senator. Five children have been born of this union.

Adams, Aaron A., Coaticook, province of Quebec.—Mr. Adams, who was born at Henniker, New Hampshire, United States, on the 2nd September, 1806, and died at Coaticook, on the 13th of August, 1887, at the ripe age of eighty-one years, came to Canada when only sixteen years of age, and made his home in the Eastern Townships. He went into trade in 1832, at Georgeville, then an important place, and removed to Barnston in 1837, where he continued to trade with the late M. W. Copp, and others until 1853. Then he took up his abode in Coaticook, then a straggling village of about a dozen houses. He traded here for some years in company with John Thornton, and was subsequently largely interested in mining operations, at the time it was very active in the townships. Of late years Mr. Adams’ private business was principally confined to farming. For the past fifty years scarcely any public enterprise, affecting the interests of this part of the townships, has been carried through without Mr. Adams’ active and cordial support. He was for many years a leader in municipal matters, and in perfecting Coaticook’s present municipal organization. He was a member of the first district council, and under the new order a member of Barnston Council, of which he was mayor for several years, and at different times warden of the county. He was a member of the first council of Coaticook and mayor, which office he held for several years of this first council, elected twenty-three years ago, only one member, A. K. Fox, now survives. Mr. Adams was an active promoter of the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railway, now operated by the Grand Trunk and connecting Montreal and Portland. He was also actively engaged in the Massawippi Valley road, now operated by the Passumpsic Company. The establishment of the Eastern Townships’ Bank was actively promoted by him. He was one of the first directors, and from 1880 to 1885 was vice-president of the institution. He was also for many years a director of the S. and S. Mutual Insurance Company. All local enterprises received active and substantial support from him. He was, from its foundation, a director of the flourishing industry, the Coaticook Knitting Company, of which he was vice-president at the time of his death. In religion, Mr. Adams was a Methodist, and most zealous and consistent in his belief and practice; he joined this church at an early age, and for many years was a class leader and Sunday school teacher in its service. Few men led a more active and useful life, and his death was greatly regretted by his numerous friends. He left a widow, two daughters, and two sons, namely: Mrs. Pomroy, of Compton; Mrs. Baker, of Haverhill, Mass.; A. F. Adams, of Coaticook; and George E. Adams, of Boston, United States.

Cimon, Hon. Marie Honorius Ernest, Fraserville, Rivière du Loup (en bas), a Puisne Judge of the Superior Court for the province of Quebec, was born at Murray Bay, province of Quebec, on the 30th March, 1848. He is a son of Cléophe Cimon, notary public of Murray Bay, who represented Charlevoix county in the Canadian Assembly from 1858 to 1861. His mother, Marie Caroline Langlois, was a sister of the late Jean Langlois, Q.C., a distinguished member of the bar of Quebec, who represented, for several years, the county of Montmorency in the House of Commons. Cléophe Cimon, the father of our sketch, was born at Murray Bay, January 30th, 1822, from the marriage of Hubert Cimon, by Angèle Simard dit Lombrette. Hubert Cimon, his grandfather, was born at l’Isle-Verte, province of Quebec, April 22nd, 1789, from the marriage of Jean Baptiste Cimon, by Marie Angélique Salomée Miville dit Dechéne, and died in Bay St. Paul, county of Charlevoix, August 27th, 1854. Jean Baptiste Cimon, his great-grandfather, was born July 20th, 1751, at Rivière Ouelle, province of Quebec, from the marriage of Jean François Cimon, by Marie Dorothée Gagnon. This Jean François Cimon (whose name was then written Simon) was his first ancestor who came alone from France to settle in Canada, about the year 1744, leaving his father, Joseph Simon, with Jeanne Lefeuvre, his mother, in the parish of St. Pée, Evêché de Coutance, province de Rouen, en Normandie, France, where they were living. Judge Cimon was educated at Ste. Anne de Lapocatière’s College, Seminary of Quebec, and Laval University, where he became a licentiate of law (LL.L.) in June, 1871. He was called to the bar of Lower Canada on the 12th July, 1871, and took up his residence in Chicoutimi (Saguenay), where he practised from July 16th, 1871, to July, 1882. He acted as Crown prosecutor in Chicoutimi from 1873 to 1882, and from 1871 to 1882 his services were retained in all the important cases brought before the courts of that district. He sat in the House of Commons for the united counties of Chicoutimi and Saguenay from 1874 to 1882 as a Conservative member. For eleven years he was an active promoter of all the public enterprises in the Saguenay and Lake St. John country; and to his efforts and energy are due the telegraphic line to Chicoutimi, the Marine Hospital, the deepening of the river Saguenay. Members of the then House of Commons well remember how strongly he advocated the Federal subsidy, granted in the session of 1882 to the Quebec and Lake St. John Railway, and the other important public works obtained by his influence for the Chicoutimi and Saguenay counties. He was mayor of the town of Chicoutimi from 1881 to 1882, and also president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Chicoutimi. He was appointed a Queen’s counsel in January, 1882, and elevated to the Bench on the 20th July, 1882, with residence at Perce, Gaspé county; but soon afterwards, in June, 1883, was transferred to Joliette, province of Quebec. He received the commission of revising officer for the county of Joliette in October, 1885, and resigned this situation in May, 1886. He resided in Joliette for three years; but since April, 1886, he has administered justice in the district of Kamouraska. The Hon. Mr. Cimon was the recipient of congratulatory addresses, when appointed a judge, from the citizens of Chicoutimi, the bar of Perce, and from the bar of Joliette and l’Assomption on his arrival. He also received a farewell and complimentary address on leaving Joliette, soon followed by a welcome address from the bar of Kamouraska. In religion, he is a Roman Catholic, as his ancestors were. He married, January 27, 1880, Marie Delphine, only daughter of the late Pierre Antoine Doucet, judge of the Sessions of the Peace, Quebec, by Marie Thérèse Delphine, eldest daughter of the late Hon. Judge Bruneau, of the Superior Court, her godfather, and niece and goddaughter of Olivette Doucet, the wife of the well-known historian, Robert Christie, of Quebec, who for over thirty years represented the county of Gaspé in the old Canadian Assembly.

de Cazes, Paul, Secretary of the Department of Public Instruction of the Province of Quebec, was born in Britanny, France, on the 17th June, 1841, and came to Canada in February, 1858. He is the son of Charles de Cazes, who arrived in Canada in 1855, and settled in the Eastern Townships, where he purchased considerable property near Danville. This gentleman was elected member for the counties of Richmond and Wolfe in 1861, and died in 1867, being the only Frenchman by birth who has been a member of the Canadian parliament. Paul de Cazes studied at Paris at L’Institution Loriol, a preparatory or training school for the navy, and at the Polytechnic School. He obtained a certificate from the Military School at Quebec in 1865. He edited Le Messager de Joliette, and Le Courier de St. Hyacinthe for some time. He also owned and edited La Nation, published at St. Hyacinthe; and was for five years a contributor to Le Monde, of Paris. He was admitted to the bar of Quebec in October, 1869, and practised law from that date until 1874 at St. Hyacinthe, in partnership with the Hon. H. Mercier, the present premier of the province of Quebec. In January, 1874, he was sent to Paris as agent for the Dominion, took part in the Paris Exposition of 1878, and was recalled in April, 1879. He was appointed an officer of the department of Public Instruction in April, 1880, and secretary of the same department in April, 1886. He was appointed a member of the Geographical Society of France in 1875, and member of the Royal Society of Canada at its formation. He was vice-president of the first section of the said Society from May, 1884, to May, 1886, and president of the same from May, 1886, to May, 1887, and he is a member of several other learned societies. He is the author of “Notes sur le Canada,” of which four editions have been printed, and of several essays and studies, published at various times in France and Canada. The papers contributed by him to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada are the following:—“Deux Points d’Histoire”; “La Frontière Nord de la Province de Quebec”; “La Langue que nous parlons.” In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic church. He married, on the 3rd November, 1869, Hermine St. Denis, sister-in-law of the Hon. H. Mercier, premier of the province of Quebec.

Ratcliffe, Rev. John Hepburn, Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, St. Catharines, Ontario, was born in the township of East Whitby, county of Ontario, province of Ontario, on the 15th November, 1849. His parents, John Ratcliffe and Margaret Hepburn, were both born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, emigrated to Canada in the year 1833, and were among the pioneers of East Whitby. They belonged to that branch of the Presbyterian church known as the United Presbyterian church, which in 1861 united with the Free church, and formed the Canada Presbyterian church. At the age of fourteen, Hepburn Ratcliffe, their second son, the subject of our sketch, left the farm to engage in mercantile pursuits, but in the course of a few years was led to devote his life to the ministry of the Word. He entered Knox College in the autumn of 1869, and pursued his studies, first under the Rev. George Paxton Young, now the learned professor of metaphysics and ethics in Toronto University, and afterwards in the divinity classes, graduating in the spring of 1876. In October of the same year he was called to the pastoral charge of Ancaster and Alberton, and was ordained and inducted by the Presbytery of Hamilton on the 1st November. Here he continued to labor until May, 1883, when he became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, St. Catharines, where he is now laboring, and is very much respected by his people. He was married on the 11th January, 1887, to Margaret Fletcher, of Toronto.

Saint-Cyr, Dominique Napoleon Deshayes, Conservator of the Museum of National Instruction, Quebec, was born on the 4th of August, 1826, in the parish of St. Jean Baptiste de Nicolet, district of Three Rivers, province of Quebec. His father, Jean Baptiste Deshayes Saint-Cyr, was an honest farmer, and his mother, Josephte Lefebvre Descôteaux. They were both descended from old French families, having numerous representatives all over the province, and more particularly in the district of Three Rivers. After undergoing a successful course of classical studies at the College of Nicolet, Mr. Saint-Cyr proceeded to Sherbrooke, Quebec, at that time settled almost entirely by people of English descent, for the purpose of mastering a knowledge of the English language, teaching French meanwhile at the Lennoxville Grammar School from 1846 to 1848. He then founded the first French Catholic school ever established in Sherbrooke, teaching until 1850. (This school still exists in the town of Sherbrooke, in the same building in which it was started.) In August, 1850, he removed to St. Anne de la Pérade, and lived in that beautiful village until 1876, devoting twenty-six years of his life to the noble work of educating the youth of the country. In 1851, he received his diploma as model school teacher, and in 1859 that of academy teacher. In 1855, he was elected secretary-treasurer of the municipal council of Ste. Anne, and filled the duties of that office until 1863. During that period, the handsome bridge, 1,400 feet long, which crosses the river Ste. Anne, was built, and the same structure is still standing. In 1867 he was admitted a notary public. He attended the Quebec Military School in 1863, and received a first class certificate, and went into camp at Laprairie in 1864. In 1875 the subject of our sketch was induced to enter public life, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the county of Champlain by a majority of 122, at the general election which took place on the 7th July of that year. The constituents of his county elected him once more to represent them in the Assembly at the general elections held on the 1st May, 1878, by the handsome majority of 566. The favorite study of Mr. Saint-Cyr had been natural history, and, to have more freedom, he resolved, in 1881, to abandon public life, and to devote his time to the formation of a museum of specimens of natural history of the province of Quebec, with the result of forming the museum of public instruction, which is composed of large collections of plants, insects, fossils, minerals, etc., and for which he was awarded at the last provincial exhibition eleven diplomas, four medals, and two first prizes in cash, and this he considered sufficient reward for his untiring efforts. His appointment as conservator of the Museum of Public Instruction was confirmed by order-in-council on the 6th of April, 1886. In 1882, Mr. Saint-Cyr started on a scientific expedition to the Labrador coast and the islands, returning on the 20th September of the same year. He brought back with him a large number of plants, insects, shells (living and fossil), minerals, etc., to enrich his embryo museum. He made another voyage to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1885, a report of which was published by order of the Legislative Assembly in April, 1886. A second edition of the same work, ordered, at the last session of parliament, to be printed, was issued in November, 1887. He also wrote for several years in Le Naturaliste Canadien on Canadian zoology, etc. At the present time he devotes all his energies to the enlargement and management of the museum entrusted to his care. On the 12th September, 1854, Mr. Saint-Cyr married Marie Rose Anne Amanda, a daughter, of Antoine Deshayes Saint-Cyr and Marguerite Emilie Ricard, by whom he had issue fifteen children, eight of whom still survive, five sons and three daughters. His residence is Ste. Anne de la Pérade.

Thomas, Benjamin Daniel, D.D., Pastor of the Jarvis Street Baptist Church, Toronto.—This popular divine is a Welshman by birth, having been born near Narberth, Pembrokeshire, on the 23rd January, 1843. He comes of a good stock. His parents were Benjamin and Jane Thomas. His father, the Rev. Benjamin Thomas, was pastor of the Baptist Church in Narberth for the long period of forty years. Dr. Thomas received his primary education in Graig House Academy at Swansea, where he spent four years, and then entered Haverford-West, the denominational college of South Wales, where he pursued a regular course of study, and graduated. Immediately on leaving college he was chosen pastor of the Baptist Church at Neath, Glamorganshire, where he successfully labored for six years. In the fall of 1868 he came to the United States, and soon after his arrival entered upon the pastorate of the Baptist Church in Pittston, Pennsylvania, where he remained nearly three years. In October, 1871, became pastor of the Fifth Church, one of the largest in Philadelphia, where he labored with great acceptance until he removed to Canada. In 1882 he was chosen as successor to Rev. Dr. John Castle, who had become principal of McMaster Hall (Baptist College), Toronto, and in October of the same year he settled as pastor of Jarvis Street Baptist Church. Here a large congregation attends his ministrations, to whom he has greatly endeared himself. As a preacher he is popular, and never fails to bring forth things new and old from Bible treasures, and presents them to his hearers in “thoughts that breathe and words that burn.” He contributes occasionally to religious papers and magazines; and a few years ago he published a small volume of great merit, entitled, “Popular Excuses of the Unconverted.” He favors all social movements having in view the elevation of the race, and labors earnestly to extend Christ’s kingdom on the earth. He was married in Wales, in 1864, to Mary Jones, but this estimable lady died in 1886, leaving six children behind, with their father, to mourn her early demise.

Richey, Hon. Matthew H., Q.C., D.C.L., Government House, Halifax, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Nova Scotia, was born on the 10th June, 1828, at Windsor, N.S. He is the third son of the Rev. Matthew Richey, D.D., by his marriage with Louisa Matilda Nichols, a native of New York, but of English parentage, her grandfather having been one of John Wesley’s assistants, and of a Cornish family. Lieutenant-Governor Richey received his education at the Windsor Collegiate School, the Upper Canada Academy (Cobourg), of which his father was the first principal, the Upper Canada College (Toronto), and Queen’s College (Kingston), where he went through the usual course of study in the English branches and classics. He adopted law as a profession, and began its study in Windsor, N.S., in the office of the Hon. Lewis M. Wilkins, afterwards one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. He was called to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1850, and practised his profession in Halifax. In 1873 he was created a Queen’s counsel. He occupied a prominent position among his fellow-citizens of Halifax; sat as alderman in the city council during the years 1858-1864, inclusive; and was mayor of the city for six years, namely, from 1864 to 1867, and from 1875 to 1878. His attention to the duties of his office won general approbation. At the general elections held in September, 1878, he was first elected to represent Halifax in the House of Commons at Ottawa, and occupied a place in that house until his appointment to the position of lieutenant-governor on the 4th July, 1883, and this office he has since held with dignity and satisfaction to the people of Nova Scotia. While in political life he was a member of the Liberal-Conservative party. For some years he was president of the Halifax School Association, a society originated for the purpose of working reforms in the school system of his province; and in 1865, when the law establishing free schools came into operation, he was chosen one of the school commissioners, and served in that capacity for several years. When the University of Halifax was established he was appointed by the government one of the members of the senate of the university, and was also one of its examiners in jurisprudence and Roman law. Mount Allison Wesleyan College, Sackville, New Brunswick, conferred upon him the honorary degree of D.C.L. in 1884. Lieut.-Governor Richey has always manifested a strong inclination towards the promotion of social science, and formerly gave much time to literary and charitable institutions, which, in Halifax, are numerous and well conducted. Mr. Richey was for some years the president of the Halifax Society for the Prevention of Cruelty, and when a member of the parliament of Canada, was active in promoting remedial legislation in furtherance of the objects of such societies. His honor is an adherent of the Methodist Church of Canada. For six years, from 1854 to 1860, he conducted with marked success the denominational organ of that church in the Maritime provinces. While in the Dominion Parliament he did not often speak, but when he did so, was listened to attentively. During the session of 1879 he spoke on the then all-absorbing question—the tariff. In 1880 he was selected by the premier to move the answer to the Speech from the throne; and he led in the adjourned debate on the question of the fishery award, in a speech which covered a large field of constitutional law, and the relations of the provinces to the Dominion under the Act of Confederation. He was married on the 22nd June, 1854, to Sarah Lavinia, daughter of the late Hon. John Hawkins Anderson, for some time member of the Legislative Council, and receiver-general of the province of Nova Scotia, and called by Royal proclamation to the Senate of Canada, 1st July, 1867. Three children have been the fruit of their union. Hon. Mr. Anderson died in 1870.

McNeil, Hon. Daniel, Barrister, Port Hood, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, M.P.P. for Inverness county, N.S., was born at Mabou, C.B., on the 31st January, 1853. He is the second son of Malcolm and Ellen McNeil, and brother of the Rev. Neil McNeil, D.D., Ph.D., rector of St. François Xavier College, Antigonish. The subject of our sketch is descended, on the paternal side, from Roderick McNeil, of Bara, Scotland, who settled in Cape Breton during the early part of this century. Hon. Mr. McNeil was educated at the St. François Xavier College. He studied law at Halifax; was called to the bar of Nova Scotia in December, 1879, and then removed to Port Hood, the shiretown of his native county. Here he entered into partnership with S. Macdonnell, Q.C., ex-M.P., and continued as a partner with this gentleman for about three years and a half, when the partnership was dissolved. Afterwards he became the senior member of the law firm of McNeil & Hensley, solicitors, notaries public, etc., in the same town. In June, 1883, Mr. McNeil was appointed a school commissioner for South Inverness; in July, of the same year, a notary and tabellion public; and in March, 1884, a commissioner of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. He has for a number of years taken an interest in all the political movements,—municipal, provincial and federal—and always on the Liberal side. He was first returned to the Nova Scotia legislature at the last general election; and on the 28th June, 1886, was sworn in a member of the Executive Council of Nova Scotia, and took office in the Fielding administration, without a portfolio. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He married, on the 4th August, 1881, Ellen Maria Margaret, youngest daughter of the late James McDonnell. For a period of upwards of a quarter of a century, this gentleman held the important offices of prothonotary of the Supreme Court and clerk of the Crown at Port Hood; also the office of registrar of deeds for the county of Inverness for many years. He was the first inspector of schools for Inverness county under the present educational system of the province.

Chabot, Julien, Harbor Commissioner, Quebec, was born at Levis, in October, 1834, and is a descendant of one of the oldest French families who emigrated from Poitiers, France, and settled in Canada in the vicinity of Quebec in 1632. His father, Julien Chabot, was born at the Island of Orleans in 1800, and died on 10th August, 1864. He came to Levis at the age of thirteen, and here he married Dame Susanne Carrier in 1830. Being engaged in navigation, he gained wealth and reputation by promoting the local industries of Levis. He built the first horse boat which crossed the ferry between Quebec and Levis in 1828, and afterwards the first regular ferry-boat which ran between the two cities in 1844. He was also extensively engaged in the towing business, and between the years 1845 and 1860 he built several tug steamers to tow sailing vessels from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Montreal. His son Julien, the subject of our sketch, was educated in the Seminary of Quebec from 1846 to 1853; and in 1856 he became a partner with his father, and took the management of the business. In 1863 he succeeded, with all the tug owners of the port of Quebec, in forming a joint stock company, called the St. Lawrence Tow Boat Company, and had it incorporated on the 12th of May of that year, for the purpose of towing large sailing vessels from the Gulf to Montreal, and he had the management of this company for twenty-three years. During this period he supported the views of the president of the company, Hon. Thomas McGreevy and of the bishop, D. Racine, in inaugurating in 1866 the Saguenay line, which has proved so beneficial to the colonization of the Chicoutimi district and the St. John valley. Since 1874 a daily line has been established to Ha! Ha! Bay and Chicoutimi, the management of which is highly praised by the local and principally by the American tourists. The Saguenay line is now connected with the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, and is under the special management of its inaugurator, Mr. Chabot. He had the control of the Quebec and Levis ferries for several years, during which period the old system of summer and winter ferries were remodelled and rebuilt in the best modern style, and were classified the best ferry steamers in Canada. Mr. Chabot having been impressed from his boyhood with the difficulties of the winter navigation of the St. Lawrence, several successful tests were made by the St. Lawrence Steam Navigation Company, under his supervision, during the winter months on the Lower St. Lawrence. Mr. Chabot is now the oldest member of the Quebec Harbor Commissioners trust, having been on active duty since 1870, and has helped as trustee with his co-members in building the extensive harbor improvements in the port of Quebec, and in securing for Levis, his native place, the location of the largest graving dock on this continent. He was twice elected president of the Board of Trade of Levis. In religion, he is a member of the Roman Catholic church, and held the office of church warden in Notre Dame church in 1879. A Conservative in politics, Mr. Chabot has taken a prominent part in support of his principles. He contested the county of Levis in 1874 against Louis Honoré Frechette, the poet laureate, when the Liberal party came into power, but was defeated by the influence of the Federal government by only a small majority. He married, on the 26th October, 1857, Marguerite Aimée Brunelle, daughter of the celebrated ship builder, Pierre Brunelle, of Quebec.

Lugrin, Charles H., A.M., Barrister, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Fredericton in 1846. His parents were Charles S. Lugrin and Martha Stevens. (See sketch of Charles S. Lugrin.) Mr. Lugrin received his education at the Collegiate School of Fredericton, and at the New Brunswick University, graduating from the latter institution in 1865. For some time he taught the St. Stephen’s High School, and afterwards studied law. In 1868 he was admitted attorney, and called to the bar of New Brunswick in due course. He was appointed clerk of the peace, clerk of the county court, and clerk of circuits for Victoria, N.B., in 1869. He removed to Grand Falls, Victoria, in that year, and remained there until 1874, when he took up his abode in Fredericton, and joined in a law partnership with George Botsford. Since that time he has been engaged, with much success, as counsel in many important criminal cases. He acted as counsel for the temperance party in New Brunswick, in the cases involving the constitutionality of the Canada Temperance Act. He has also engaged largely in journalism, and took an active part in politics, unsuccessfully contesting Victoria for a seat in the local legislature in 1878. He was appointed secretary of the Board of Agriculture in 1885. He is the author of the works—“New Brunswick: Its Resources, Advantages and Progress;” “Open Season;” “The Fertile Belt,” and numerous pamphlets and letters upon New Brunswick, commercial union, temperance legislation, and other subjects. He volunteered and was enrolled at St. Stephen at the time of the threatened Fenian raid in 1866; and afterwards was appointed a captain in the reserve militia. He is a past worthy patriarch of the Sons of Temperance; and secretary and treasurer of the New Brunswick branch of the Prohibitory Alliance. He has been secretary of the Fredericton Board of Trade. In religion he is an adherent of the Methodist church, and in politics a Liberal. He is married to Maria, daughter of G. L. Raymond, now of Olympia, Washington territory. Mr. Raymond was grandson of Rice Raymond, a loyalist from Long Island.

Spencer, Elijah Edmund, Frelighsburg, province of Quebec, M.P.P. for Missisquoi county, is of English and Welsh descent, but his immediate ancestors were United Empire loyalists. He is a son of the late Ambrose S. Spencer, who was for many years one of the most prominent men and magistrates of the county, and whose father before him was among the first who settled in that section, and took an active part in the stirring scenes connected with its early history. His mother, Mary Thomas, is a daughter of the late Major P. Thomas, who was also one of that hardy band of pioneers who battled so successfully with the rougher elements of an early settler’s life. Elijah Edmund Spencer, the subject of our sketch, was born in St. Armand East, on the 19th April, 1846, and has always resided in the immediate vicinity of his ancestral home. He received his education mainly at the Frelighsburg Grammar School, but subsequently passed through a course of study at Poughkeepsie, in the state of New York. In June, 1883, he was married to Frances S., daughter of the late R. L. Galer, of Dunham, province of Quebec, with whom he now resides at his home overlooking the pleasant village of Frelighsburg. In religion, he is a Protestant, and in politics, a Liberal-Conservative. He has always followed farming as an occupation, and has at the present time a large landed estate demanding his personal supervision. From his boyhood he has taken an active part in municipal affairs, and held in succession many prominent offices in the town and county. He was for some time president of the Missisquoi County Agricultural Society, and is now president of the Missisquoi and Rouville Mutual Fire Insurance Company. At the general election in 1881, for member of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec, the county being essentially an agricultural one, and its farming interest largely predominating, he was brought forward as a candidate, representing a class which were thought to be as equally deserving recognition as the commercial and manufacturing interests of the country. The result was his return by a large majority, and he took his seat, being one of the youngest members of the house. At the last general election, in 1886, he again came forward as a candidate, and his course in the house during the five years he held the seat being eminently satisfactory, his constituents again honored him with their confidence, and re-elected him for another term.

Valin, Pierre Vincent, Shipbuilder, Château Richer, county of Montmorency, province of Quebec, was born at Château Richer, on the 1st of June, 1827. His parents, though not possessed of a large share of this world’s goods, were industrious and highly esteemed. From an old record we find that the family belongs to the nobility of old France, although in this democratic country they do not see fit to wear the title they are entitled to. We quote the extract: “Extrait de ‘L’Art Héraldique,’ par A. Playne, avocat et professeur chez Charles Osmond, libraire, enregistré à Paris le 23 décembre, 1716, avec approbation du roi du 2 décembre, 1716, par Fouquet. Valin . . . de gueules à la bande composée d’argent et d’azur.” Toussaint Valin, the father of the subject of our sketch, married Marie Tremblay, of Eboulements, county of Charlevoix, and they settled in Château Richer, where their elder children were born. The space at our disposal is too limited to admit of a narrative of the various phases through which Pierre Vincent Valin has passed in the course of a long and eventful career; we will simply refer in a general manner to the difficulties surmounted by the indefatigable energy he displayed from his youth until, having started from the lowest rung of the social ladder, he finally attained the pinnacle of rank and wealth. Through his own efforts, with only his energy and the good principles inculcated in his mind by zealous parents, he obtained sufficient education to enable him to hold, in after years, the following prominent positions: chairman of the Quebec Harbor Commission; member of the Legislative Assembly, and member of the House of Commons. In these divers posts his social and individual qualities made him a friend to all those who came in contact with him. His remarkable business tact and sterling integrity soon brought him to the front rank among the princes of finance and commerce, and he has fairly earned the title ascribed to so many in this country, “self-made man.” In his youth he worked at different trades, and devoted the whole of his scanty earnings to help his parents, and commenced shipbuilding when yet quite a young man. He soon rose to the position of employer, and as his business increased, so did his facilities for doing the work he was engaged in, until he gave employment to hundreds of men, paying $5,000 in wages alone every week. In the beginning of his career he fully developed the capacities he possessed, being at the same time architect, builder, clerk, bookkeeper, and his own consignee, seller and buyer on the European markets. He still owns several large ships which are engaged in the East India trade. He is also interested in steamers running to Newfoundland. He crossed the Atlantic sixty times in the transaction of business, and made warm and devoted friends in both France and England, in the best society of these countries. In 1872, the warm-hearted population of Quebec East, to whom he had been a benefactor, begged him to represent them in the city council. After serving a short time as councillor, his constituents sent him to the Legislative Assembly in 1874, and he made his first appearance in public life. In 1878 he presented himself before the electors of Montmorency, who elected him in preference to Jean Langlois, the former representative of the county, by a majority of 226. On the 14th January, 1880, he was unseated on petition, but re-elected again. At the general election of 1882 he was again chosen as the Conservative standard-bearer of the county of Montmorency over Charles Langelier, one of the strong men of the Liberal party. At the last general election (1887) he was unsuccessful, the majority against him being only one vote. Since he has acquired wealth Mr. Valin has made a noble use of his means. The whole county, and more particularly his native parish, are greatly indebted to him for the improvements he has made. He bought from the Lemoine family the splendid mansion called “Château Beau Pré,” and the numerous and artistic improvements with which he has adorned the château and its alentours, have made it a lovely spot, which excites the admiration of all the American tourists who visit this part of the country every summer. The beautiful parish church building, with its costly decoration and numerous oil paintings, has been mainly built by him, and as a crowning gift he presented the curé with its largest bell. The employment he gives to the laboring class of Château Richer gives sustenance to a large proportion of its population. Apart from his individual means, he has been able to secure an expenditure of over $80,000 by the government in public works in the county of Montmorency, and by untiring efforts has succeeded in establishing telegraphic communication between the mainland and the Island of Orleans. On the inhospitable beach of St. François and Ste. Famille, where so many lives have been lost by wrecks, two wharves were built at considerable expense. The channel of the St. Lawrence was deepened and widened between the island and Beaupré, thus enabling ships to pass through at low tide without danger. The placing of twelve lights and six buoys on the river, reducing danger from wrecking to the least proportion, is also due to his influence. In 1880 he presented the Cercle Catholique of Quebec with a handsome banner woven in golden cloth, which he had brought from Paris. He is chairman of the Harbor Commission of Quebec, and since he has held that office several important works have been undertaken and carried to a successful issue, among others may be mentioned the following: the graving dock, the Basin Louise, the work done opposite Quebec by the lifting-barge, etc. Mr. Valin married in 1854, Marie Angélique, daughter of Joseph Talbot, Beaumont, Bellechasse county. She died on the 8th of October, 1883. He married a second time, on the 10th June, 1885, in the chapel of the Sacred Heart, Quebec, Marie Virginie Célina, a daughter of the late and regretted Dr. P. M. Bardy, in his lifetime one of the most remarkable men of the city of Quebec, and a descendant of a French family of rank, in fact the Count de Bardi and the Duke de Parma being the sons of Madame Louise, the only sister of the late Henry V., Count de Chambord, the legitimate successor to Louis XVIII., and consequently the heir to the throne of France, if that country had retained its monarchical institutions. In the remarkable work of Benjamin Sulte, “L’Histoire des Canadiens-Français,” will be found a complete biography of Dr. Bardy, who was the first president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Quebec. On the occasion of the marriage of Mr. Valin, we clip the following from La Patrie of the 12th of June, 1885:—“A telegraphic despatch from Quebec announces the marriage of P. V. Valin, M.P. for Montmorency, and chairman of the Harbor Commission for Quebec, to Célina Bardy, only daughter of Dr. Bardy, the founder and first president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Quebec, in his lifetime one of the foremost citizens of the ancient capital. Miss Bardy, who is a lady endowed with wonderful beauty and good qualities, has conquered a most enviable rank among the littérateurs of the province. She is a member of L’Académie des Muses Santonnes, France. We extend our hearty congratulations to the happy couple.” The following extract is taken from the Ottawa Citizen of the 18th June, 1885:—“Last evening, while the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, secretary of state, was speaking on the Pacific Railway resolutions, applause commenced on the ministerial side and soon became general. Many persons were unable to discern for a time the cause of it, as the remarks of the honorable gentleman did not call for any expression of approval, more especially on the part of ‘honorable gentlemen opposite.’ It turned out that the greeting was addressed to Mr. Valin, M.P. for Montmorency, who had just entered the chamber on his return from his honeymoon trip. He acknowledged the compliment by bowing his head, and after the applause subsided, Hon. Mr. Chapleau complimented him in a few elegantly constructed sentences, wishing the honorable gentleman the supreme degree of connubial bliss.” These flattering newspaper comments show clearly the high esteem Mr. and Mrs. Valin enjoy among their friends, as well as among the members of the whole house.

Morin, Louis Edmond, President of the Corporation of Pilots, Quebec, was born on the 25th August, 1837, in St. Rochs, Quebec, Canada. He was the fourth son of a family of six children. His father, Michel Morin, was a sea pilot for a period of fifty years on the river St. Lawrence, and died at the advanced age of seventy-seven in 1880. His mother, Christine Nolet, is still living, and in full possession of her health, at eighty years of age. Mr. Morin, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Christian Brothers’ School, and afterwards at Thom’s Commercial Academy, Quebec. He was for two years in one of the largest dry goods stores in the upper town of Quebec, but finding that his health was declining, he left the trade. In 1855 he resolved to follow the calling his father had so very successfully followed, and apprenticed himself as a pilot. He served in this capacity for seven years, during which period he crossed the Atlantic ocean no less than ten times. On the 6th March, 1862, his apprenticeship being completed, he was permitted to act as a sea pilot, and he has been one of the most successful of the profession on the St. Lawrence. In 1868 he was selected to pilot the steamers of the Allan line, and continued to act as such until the fall of 1872, when he retired, on being elected one of the directors of the Corporation of Pilots of Quebec, incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1860. He remained on the board for a period of eleven consecutive years, of which time he was six years president. In 1884 he was again selected to pilot the steamers of the Allan line. In 1885 he was re-elected president of the Corporation of Pilots, and still occupies the same position. In 1873 Mr. Morin was delegated to go to Ottawa in the interest of the sea pilots, in order to watch the passing of the Pilotage Act, and succeeded in getting a clause inserted in this act, whereby a guarantee was given that at the end of each period of three years the salary of the pilots would be increased if their earnings were in the average during the season less than six hundred dollars net. In 1880, with the help of some of his confrères and of several members of the government, he succeeded in getting a by-law passed by the Board of Harbor Commissioners, by which the tariff of pilotage was raised fifteen per cent; but after having several interviews with the members of the Dominion government at Ottawa, with the object of gaining this boon, he failed to secure what he wanted in consequence of a strong outside pressure against the measure. He, however, accepted a compromise, namely that of an advance of seven and a half per cent, on the old tariff, and the promise of the government that the revised tariff would be based on tonnage throughout the whole Dominion. In religion Mr. Morin is a Roman Catholic; and in politics an independent. He was married, in 1863, to Marie Flore Trahan, daughter of the late Edward Trahan, in his lifetime shipbuilder in Quebec, and of Marie Bédard. The fruit of this marriage has been thirteen children, of whom eight are still living, four sons and four daughters.

Jones, Hon. Alfred Gilpin, P.C., Bloomingdale, North-West Arm, Halifax, M.P. for Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Weymouth, Nova Scotia, September, 1824. He is a son of the late Guy Jones, who was registrar of deeds for Digby county. His paternal ancestor, Josiah Jones, emigrated from England, and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1665. His grandfather, Stephen Jones, a graduate of Harvard College, was an officer in the King’s American Dragoons, and at the close of the revolutionary war settled in Nova Scotia, where he died in 1830. Hon. Mr. Jones was educated at Yarmouth Academy, and chose commerce as a profession. He has been a successful merchant, and is now the head of the firm of A. G. Jones & Co., West India importers. He occupies the position of governor of the Protestant Orphans’ Home, and also that of Dalhousie College; is president of the Nova Scotia Marine Insurance Company, and a director of the Acadia Fire Insurance Company. For a number of years Mr. Jones was lieutenant commanding the 1st Halifax Brigade Garrison Artillery. He sat in the House of Commons at Ottawa from 1867 to 1872, but at the general election, held during the latter year, he suffered defeat. However, in 1874 he was again elected, but resigned in January, 1878, in consequence of an alleged breach of the Independence of Parliament Act, but was re-elected. He was sworn in a member of the Privy Council, and held the office of Minister of Militia in the Mackenzie administration from January, 1878, to September of the same year. At the general elections held in 1878 and 1882, he was an unsuccessful candidate, but at the general election held in 1887 he again presented himself as a candidate, and was returned at the head of the poll. Hon. Mr. Jones has been twice married, first, in 1850, to Margaret Wiseman, daughter of W. Stairs. This lady died in February, 1865. Second, to Emma, daughter of Edward Albrough, of Halifax.

McConnell, John Bradford, M.D., C.M., Montreal, was born on 28th August, 1851, in Chatham, on the Ottawa river, county of Argenteuil. His father, Andrew McConnell, was a son of John McConnell, who came to Canada from Glasgow in 1819, his family consisting of John, Mary, Andrew, William and Agnes. Andrew McConnell was one of the most successful farmers in the county of Argenteuil, having, through his rare industry and indomitable energy, accumulated considerable wealth. He was thus enabled to carry out the intention of his early married life, namely, that of giving the members of his family the advantages of a good education. He has been for a quarter of a century a justice of the peace, a position which he has filled with great ability. The impartiality of his judgments drew to him applicants for justice from the most distant parts of the county. He was appointed captain in the militia during Lord Monck’s administration. He now resides in the town of Lachute. His family consisted of eight children, namely, John Bradford, Gilbert Smith, Richard George, Andrew William, Jessie Ann, James Quinton, Jennie and Hugh. Gilbert, Andrew and James settled a few years ago in the North-West, first at Qu’Appelle, but are now residing in Vancouver. Andrew acted as courier for General Middleton during the recent rebellion, and was one of the nine prisoners rescued at the battle of Batoche. Richard G. is a B.A. of McGill College, Montreal, and now holds a prominent position in the geological survey of Canada. His mother, Martha Jane Bradford, was the youngest daughter of George Bradford, son of the Rev. Richard Bradford, who was the first English church minister in Chatham. This gentleman came to New York in 1782, where he was engaged in a business partnership with a Mr. Smith. A few years later he came to Canada, and became chaplain to the 49th Regiment in 1812. He built a comfortable homestead on the Ottawa at a place called the “Point,” just at the head of the Carillon canal. He then owned the greater part of the township of Chatham, about twelve square miles. He accompanied Captain Cook on a voyage around the world; studied afterwards with an English minister, the Rev. Mr. Jeffreys, whose daughter he married, and their family consisted of Richard, John, Henry, George, Charles, Nancy, Sarah, Eliza, Harriet. The latter was married to the Rev. Joseph Abbott, and one of their sons is the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, senator, now mayor (1887) of Montreal. George married Martha Smith, of Chatham, was a school teacher, and owned a farm on the North River. He died at the age of sixty-five. His family consisted of George, Eliza, Henry, Charles, John, and Martha Jane. John Bradford McConnell, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the district school in Chatham, and at the Carillon Academy, conducted by the late George Wanless, and entered on his medical studies in 1869, at McGill College, Montreal, graduating in 1873. In 1871, he went through the Military School in Montreal, taking a Second class certificate, and the same year was appointed lieutenant in the 11th battalion Argenteuil Rangers. Subsequently, for a period of about eight years he was assistant surgeon in the 1st Prince of Wales Rifles. He has been a member of the Duke of Edinburgh lodge, I.O.O.F., B.U., since 1875; and was grand master of the order in the province of Quebec during the term 1884 and 1885; has been a member of St. James Street Methodist Church, Montreal, since 1878, and is a teacher in the afternoon Sunday-school. He was, with the late W. J. B. Patterson, a delegate from the Young Men’s Christian Association, of Montreal, to the convention in Poughkeepsie in 1874. He has taught in the medical faculty of the University of Bishop’s College during the last eleven years, first as professor of botany, a subject to which he paid considerable attention during his first year at college. He has one of the largest personal collections of Canadian plants in the Dominion. During the last three years he has filled the chair of materia medica and therapeutics, is lecturer on physical diagnosis, and conducts a practical class on histology and bacteriology. During the summer of 1886 he made an extensive European tour, visiting the hospitals of Dublin, London, Paris and Berlin, taking the course on bacteriology under Professor Koch, in the latter city. He has been in active practice in Montreal since 1873, and is now counted among Montreal’s most successful and reliable physicians. He is a member of the Natural History Society of Montreal; Montreal Microscopical Society; Executive Committee of the Dominion Alliance, Quebec Branch; Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal; and British Medical Association. He is one of the attending staff of the Western Hospital, consulting physician to the Montreal Dispensary, of which he was also secretary for about ten years, resigning in 1887. He is senior attending physician to the Protestant House of Industry and Refuge. In 1885, the doctor issued a pamphlet entitled, “Cholera: its Nature, Symptoms, History, Cause and Prevention, with an outline review of the Germ Theory of Disease,” being one of the Sommerville course of lectures (extended) provided for by the Natural History Society of Montreal. The Montreal medical journals show that he has frequently contributed to their pages papers which have been read at the Medico-Chirurgical Society. He was married in 1875 to Theodora Lovell, eldest daughter of Robert Miller, the well-known wholesale stationer, of Montreal, and has six children living, two others having died in infancy.

Jones, Simeon, Brewer, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Prince William, York county, N.B., on the 22nd August, 1828. His father, Thomas Jones, was a native of Weymouth, Nova Scotia, where Simeon Jones, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch, settled at the close of the American revolutionary war. His mother, Elizabeth Caverhill, was a daughter of Dr. Caverhill, of Dumfries, Scotland. Mr. Jones was educated in his native parish and at Dumfries, and after leaving school spent two years farming, under his father. He was then employed by Robert Keltie, brewer at St. John, to look after his business; and in the position of manager he remained with Mr. Keltie for eight years. At the end of this period he bought out the business, his late employer retiring, and has successfully conducted it ever since. In 1874, in company with Oliver T. Stone and Joseph R. Stone, Mr. Jones started a private banking house in St. John, under the firm name of S. Jones and Co., and since then the firm has done a good banking business. Almost everything to which Mr. Jones has put his hand has prospered, and this doubtless is owing in a large degree to his close attention to details, and his shrewdness as a manager. In 1879 he was elected a member of the city council, where he served for two years as chairman of the finance committee. So well did he attend to the duties of this office that in April, 1881, he was elected to fill the more responsible position of mayor without opposition, a mark of distinction never before this time conferred in St. John. During his term of office, which lasted for three years, his business capacities and fine executive talents showed themselves to good advantage, and he was one of the most popular chief magistrates St. John ever had. Mr. Jones has been for many years a vestryman of Trinity (Episcopal) Church, and is a generous supporter of various religious and benevolent societies. Indeed, he is never backward in contributing to any enterprise designed for the good of the community among whom he resides. In 1861 he was married to Annie M., daughter of Daniel McLaughlin, St. John, and the fruit of the union has been a family of eight children.

McLeod, Howard Douglas, St. John, Superintendent Southern Division of the New Brunswick Railway, was born at Studholm, Kings county, New Brunswick, on the 29th July, 1838. His father, Matthew McLeod, was of Scotch descent; and his mother, Deborah Heine, of German descent. Howard received a common school education at the schools in his native parish, and afterwards attended, for about six months, Sackville Academy, Sackville, N.B. For about eleven months he taught school in Studholm parish; and in the month of October, 1859, entered the railway service as station agent at Sussex, upon the opening of what was then named the European and North American Railway (now the Intercolonial). Here he remained as agent for two years, when he was removed to the audit department, in the general offices in St. John. From freight auditor he was promoted to accountant of the road, which was then worked as a government road. In 1865 he left the railway service, and took a situation in a leading dry-goods house as book-keeper; but not liking the change he soon abandoned this position. He then connected himself with the building of the railway west of St. John, and upon the completion of the line occupied the offices on it of accountant and general freight agent; and was afterwards promoted to the office of superintendent of the southern division, which position he now fills. Mr. McLeod is a justice of the peace for the city and county of St. John. He has travelled over the greater part of the United States east of the Mississippi, and is also familiar with the principal points in Canada. In religion he belongs to the Baptist church. He was married on the 26th May, 1869, to Isabel Barker, a daughter of T. B. Barker, druggist, and a niece of Sir Leonard Tilley, lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. Mrs. McLeod died on the 6th July, 1881.

McIsaac, Angus, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Judge of the County Court, was born in the parish of St. Andrew’s, Antigonish county, province of Nova Scotia. His ancestors came from Inverness-shire, Scotland, and were among the earliest Scotch settlers in Antigonish county. He was educated in St. François Xavier College. Admitted to the bar in 1872. Represented Antigonish county in the Canadian House of Commons from 1874 till September, 1885, when he was appointed judge of the County Court for Judicial District No. 6, of the said province. Was married in November, 1882, to Mary, daughter of the late Patrick Power, of Halifax, N.S.

Grant, Rev. George Monro, D.D., Principal of Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario.—In an age too prone to rank mere material good above the higher well-being of man, it is well for Canada that she can claim in Principal Grant a representative Canadian—representative at least of her higher, purer, and more generous life. The principal of Queen’s University is emphatically what the late editor of the “Century” magazine once styled him, “a strong man,” having that union of diverse qualities that constitutes strength. He comes of the fine old Celtic stock which, when its intensity and enthusiasm are blended with an infusion of Anglo-Saxon breadth, energy, and common sense, has produced not a few of the leaders of men. He is a native of the county of Pictou, Nova Scotia, somewhat remarkable for the number of eminent men it has already produced. His patriotic and passionate love for his country in all her magnificent proportions is one of his leading traits, and has much the same influence on his mind which the love of Scotland had on that of Burns, when, in his generous youth, he desired, for her dear sake, to “sing a sang at least,” if he could do no more. Principal Grant was born on the 22nd December, 1835, at Stellarton (Albion Mines), a village on the East River, Pictou county, and his early days were passed in a quiet country home, amid the influences of nature, to which he is strongly susceptible. His father, who was a Scotchman by birth, taught the village school. He was led by circumstances, and doubtless by that “divinity that shapes our ends,” to study for the ministry, and won honorable distinction in his preliminary course in the Academy at Pictou, where the family had removed. His studies were pursued chiefly at Glasgow University, where he came under the strong personal influence and inspiration of the high-souled and large-hearted Norman McLeod, whom in some of his characteristics he strongly resembles. While a student in Glasgow he became a laborer in the mission work carried on amid the degraded inhabitants of its closes and wynds, gaining there an insight into life and character which has been most valuable to him in fitting him for his later work among men. He did not remain long in Scotland, however, for though the beauty and culture of the land of his fathers had many attractions for him, he felt that to Canada his heart and his duty called him. He ministered for a time to the quiet country charge of Georgetown, in Prince Edward Island, from which he was soon called to the pastorate of St. Matthew’s Church, Halifax, one of the oldest congregations in the Dominion. His gifts as a pulpit orator were soon recognised. The force, directness, and reality of his preaching strongly attracted to him thoughtful young men, who found in him one who could understand their own difficulties, and who never gave them a “stone” for the “bread” they craved. His charge grew and prospered, and a new church was built during his pastorate. His ministerial relations were so happy that it was a real pain when a voice that he could not resist called him to another sphere. When his friend and parishioner, Sandford Fleming, civil engineer, was about to start on a surveying expedition for the proposed Canadian Pacific Railway, Dr. Grant accompanied the party for a much-needed holiday. The novel experiences of the long canoe journey, through what was then a “great lone land” with unknown capabilities, strongly impressed his own imagination, and were communicated to thousands of readers through the hastily-written but graphic pages of “From Ocean to Ocean.” This glimpse of the extent and grandeur of the national heritage of Canadians—the fit home of a great people—made him still more emphatically a Canadian, and gave him a still stronger impulse and more earnest aim to use all the powers he possessed to aid in moulding the still plastic life of a young nation born to such privileges and responsibilities. The popularity attained by the publication of this volume (published by Hunter, Rose & Co., Toronto) called attention to Principal Grant as a writer, and though his time and strength have been too much taxed in other fields to leave him leisure for much literary labor, his vivid and forceful style has made him a welcome contributor to Canadian and American periodical literature, as well as to “Good Words” and the “Contemporary Review.” Several articles of his in the “Century” magazine have given American readers some idea of the extent and grandeur of the Canadian Pacific. His happy associations with the inception of this enterprise, and repeated visits during its progress, have given him an almost romantic interest in an achievement worthy of the “brave days of old.” If in the judgment of some he seems to exaggerate its utility, and to lose sight of serious drawbacks and evils which have become connected with an enterprise too heavy for the present resources of the country, the explanation is to be found in the fascination which, to his patriotic heart, invests a work that connects the extremities of our vast Canadian territory, and helps to unite its far-scattered people. It need hardly be said that Principal Grant heartily rejoiced over the confederation of the Canadian provinces, or that he has always been a warm supporter of its integrity, and a staunch opponent of every suggestion of dismemberment. He thinks it not all a dream that this young sturdy “Canada of ours” should indeed become the youngest Anglo-Saxon nation, working out for herself an individual character and destiny of her own on the last of the continents where such an experiment is practicable. It is his hope that such a nation might grow up side by side with the neighboring Republic, and in the closest fraternal relations with it, free to mould its life into the form most useful and natural, and therefore most enduring, but yet remaining a member of the great British commonwealth, bound to it by firm though elastic bonds of political unity, as well as by unity of tradition, thought, and literature. This hope and belief makes him a warm supporter of Imperial federation—a scheme which he thinks full of promise, both for Great Britain herself and for her scattered colonies, as well as for the world at large, in which such a federation might be a potent influence, leading possibly to a still greater Anglo-Saxon federation. To such a consummation his wide and catholic sympathies would give a hearty God-speed. But he believes intensely that, in order to secure a noble destiny, there must be a noble and healthy political life, and that for this there must be a high and healthy tone of public opinion, a pure and lofty patriotism. And this he earnestly seeks to promote so far as in him lies. The following stirring words recently published in the Mail are a good illustration of the spirit in which he seeks to arouse Canadians to their responsibilities: “Duty demands that we shall be true to our history. Duty also demands that we shall be true to our home. All of us must be Canada-first men. O, for something of the spirit that has animated the sons of Scotland for centuries, and that breathes in the fervent prayer ‘God save Ireland,’ uttered by the poorest peasant and the servant girl far away from green Erin! Think what a home we have. Every province is fair to see. Its sons and daughters are proud of the dear natal soil. Why, then, should not all taken together inspire loyalty in souls least capable of patriotic emotion? I have sat on blocks of coal in the Pictou mines, wandered through glens of Cape Breton and around Cape North, and driven for a hundred miles under apple blossoms in the Cornwallis and Annapolis valleys. I have seen the glory of our Western mountains, and toiled through passes where the great cedars and Douglas pines of the Pacific slope hid sun and sky at noonday, and I say that, in the four thousand miles that extend between, there is everything that man can desire, and the promise of a mighty future. If we cannot make a country out of such materials it is because we are not true to ourselves; and if we are not, be sure our sins will find us out.” All narrow partisanship he hates, and every kind of wire-pulling and corruption he most emphatically denounces, whether the purchase be that of a vote, a constituency, or a province. The evils inflicted on the country by the virulence of blind party spirit he has again and again exposed, with a frankness that finds no favor from the thorough-going partisans of either side. During the elections of 1886-7 his voice and pen urged on all whom he could reach the honest discharge of the most sacred trust of citizenship, the paramount duty of maintaining political purity—of opposing, as an insult to manhood itself, every approach to bribery, direct or indirect. Nor were his eloquent appeals to conscience quite in vain. Some elections at least were in some degree the purer because, leaving the beaten track to which some preachers too often confine themselves, he followed the example of the old Hebrew prophets in denouncing the moral evils that threaten to sap the public conscience, and seeking at a public crisis to uphold the “righteousness that exalteth a nation.” In 1877 Principal Grant was called from his pastorate at Halifax, to take the responsible office of principal of Queen’s University, Kingston. It was no sinecure that was offered him, and considerations of personal happiness and comfort would have led him to decline the call. But the university had urgent need of just such a man to preside over its interests, and he could not refuse what he felt a call of duty. The institution was passing through a financial crisis, and it was imperatively necessary that it should be at once placed on a secure basis, with a more satisfactory equipment. He threw himself into his new work with characteristic energy, and his great talent for organization and comprehensive plans soon made itself felt. It is mainly due to his counsels and efforts that the university has been able to lengthen her cords and strengthen her stakes, as in the last ten years she has done. His eloquence stirred up the city of Kingston to provide a beautiful and commodious building to replace her former cramped and inconvenient habitation. But the gifts that he secured for her treasury were of less account than the stimulus imparted to the college life by his overflowing vitality and enthusiasm—a stimulus felt alike by professors and students. The attendance of the latter largely increased, and the high aims and ideals of the principal could not fail to have their influence on all its grades, down to the youngest freshman. He has always treated the students not as boys, but as gentlemen, seeking to lead rather than to coerce, and under his sway there has been no need of formal discipline. The application of female students for admission to the university led him to grant their request without reluctance or hesitation, from a conviction that public educational institutions should be open to the needs of the community as a whole, and, in supplying these, know no demarcations of sex. Without taking any special part in the movement for the “Higher Education of Women,” he believes that every individual who desires a thorough mental training should have the opportunity of procuring it. He has a firm faith in the power of the ineradicable laws of human nature to prevent any real confusion of “spheres,” and believes that it is as beneficial to the race as to the individual, that each should receive the fullest training and development of which he or she is susceptible. On the subject of University federation, Principal Grant has maintained a strongly conservative attitude. He believes firmly in the wisdom of respecting historic growth and continuity of organisation, and in the salutary influence of honorable traditions on institutions as well as countries. He deprecates extreme centralisation, as narrowing the scope of education for the many, even though raising its standard for the few. He thinks that for Canada, as for Scotland and the United States, several distinct universities, each with its own individuality and esprit de corps, will prove most useful in the end; and that the Queen’s University, for the good work she has done and the high position she has maintained, deserves to preserve her continuous historic life. Heartily endorsed in this position by the trustees and graduates of the university, he has set himself vigorously to the task of raising by voluntary subscription such an endowment as shall give it an assured position for the future, in the face of the growing needs of higher education in Canada. Probably no other man would have dared such a task, but that he will carry it to a successful completion few can doubt who know the man and the magnetic power over men of his cheery and resolute spirit. Principal Grant has since his appointment acted as professor of divinity also. His prelections in the class-room, like his preaching, are characterised by breadth of thought, catholicity of sympathy and vividness of presentation. He has instituted a series of Sunday afternoon services for the university, conducted sometimes by himself or other professors, sometimes by eminent preachers from other places and of different denominations. These are much appreciated, not only by the professors and students, but also by a large class of the thoughtful citizens of Kingston, to whom—though many admirable sermons are preached there—none are more welcome than those of the principal himself. As a preacher he is marked by simplicity, directness, earnestness and force. For “fine writing” and rhetorical and finished periods he has no admiration, and aims instead at the direct conversational style for which he has the highest of all examples. He is not afraid of plain speaking, and prefers direct appeals to heart and conscience to theological disquisitions. Valuing only that vital religion which is the root of right feeling and right action in daily life, he has no respect for a “profession” of faith without its fruits. As in the case of political sins, so he denounces social and individual sins with the same fearless freedom, believing that this is one of the preacher’s most solemn duties. He strives not for effect but for effects, and though he not infrequently rises to impassioned appeals, he aims rather at producing permanent conviction than temporary excitement. His moral influence on the community is somewhat analogous to that of the late Rev. Henry Ward Beecher in the neighboring republic. He is always on the side of the generous and unselfish policy as against that of mere expediency, and he seeks to uphold the pursuit of a noble idea as infinitely better than that of mere material success. Many, especially of young Canadians, owe to him their perception of this truth, and some measure of inspiration for his enforcement of it, and from the example of a noble and unselfish life. But while ever ready to promote with heart and hand any movement for the real good of humanity, he believes in no artificial panacea for evil. He holds that as this is radical, having its root in human selfishness, that power alone, which can change the natures of individuals, can in the long run change the condition of masses, and he believes that the only true light of a darkened World streams from the Cross. “In this sign” all his efforts, all his teachings find their inspiration. To him it is the most real of all realities; and to make it such to others is the central aim and impulse of his life. His faith in this, and in the duty of the Christian church to fulfil her “marching orders,” have made him a warm advocate for Christian missions, giving a catholic sympathy to all, of whatever name, who are seeking to plant among the heathen abroad what he holds to be the root of a true Christian civilization, or who are laboring by any method to humanise and christianise the heathen at home. The narrowness of conventionality in religion is as repulsive to him as that of creed or ritual. He delights to own true brotherhood with all who “profess and call themselves Christians,” and he looks and labors for the true spirit of unity in the Christian church, which shall give it its true power in the world. It is the inspiration of this faith and hope which has made his life so fruitful in power and inspiration, and will make him live in many hearts and lives when other men, as prominent now, shall be forgotten.

Gendreau, Jean Baptiste, Notary Public, Coaticook, county of Stanstead, province of Quebec, was born on 25th February, 1850, in that part of the old parish of St. Hyacinthe now called Ste. Madeleine, in the province of Quebec. His father, Jean Baptiste Gendreau, was first a farmer and afterwards an hotel keeper in the parish of St. Pie, in Bagot county. Jean Baptiste Gendreau, the subject of our sketch, first studied at the College of St. Hyacinthe, and after completing his college course, passed a few months in the Jesuits’ Novitiate, at Sault-au-Récollet, near Montreal. He left the latter place for Coaticook in the fall of 1873, where he served for a few months as a clerk in a store, and then, in May, 1874, he decided to study the notarial profession. This he did for four years, and was then admitted to the profession of notary in May, 1878. He then settled in Coaticook, where he still resides and does a good business. Though comparatively a young man, he has taken a prominent part in all the public questions, and is now one of the leading citizens of his district, especially amongst the people of his own nationality. When Mr. Gendreau first settled in Coaticook it was a village municipality, erected in January, 1864; now it has grown to be an enterprising place, and there are several manufactories and industries established in it. Mr. Gendreau has successfully filled the following offices, namely: secretary-treasurer of the Catholic School Board since 1875; municipal councillor since 1881; president of the old Coaticook Building Society at the time of its liquidation in 1882; director of the Eastern Townships Colonization and Credit Company of Lake Megantic since 1882; mayor of Coaticook, after its erection into a town, in 1884 and 1885, and warden of the county of Stanstead during the same years; and is now the revising officer of the same county under the new Dominion Franchise Act. He was married to Marie Rose Durocher, daughter of Gédéon Durocher, a notary public of the parish of St. Aimé, in Richelieu county.

McKnight, Robert, Owen Sound, Registrar of the county of Grey, was born at Kilkeel, in the county of Down, Ireland, on the 4th September, 1836. His parents were Robert McKnight and Eliza Gray. He received a scanty education in the schools of his native village, and when only nineteen years of age left his native land for Canada. He arrived in New York in the latter end of June, 1858, and while there he engaged with the captain of a whaling ship to go to the Arctic regions on a whaling expedition, but in consequence of the ship not being ready to put to sea at the time agreed upon, he broke off the engagement and started for Canada. Arriving in Tossoronto, Simcoe county, he found employment in a saw mill. Six months after the mill was placed in his charge, and the entire business was conducted by him for the next three years. In 1860 he left the mill, and took charge of a school in the adjoining township of Essa, where he remained for another three years. Leaving Essa, he took up his abode in Tecumseth, where he taught for another three years, and during this time secured the highest grade of a first-class teacher from the County Board of Education. In 1864 he entered the Military School at Toronto, and received a cadet’s commission. He raised a company of volunteers at Markdale during the Fenian raid, and was chosen captain, but the minister of militia having declined to increase the strength of the 31st battalion, the company disbanded. Subsequently, however, on his removal to Meaford, he accepted a lieutenant’s commission in No. 2 company Grey battalion, and remained in the service until he was appointed registrar of Grey, when he resigned. Bidding good-bye to school teaching, he opened a general store in the village of Markdale, Grey county, where he remained for two years and then sold out. He next took up his abode in Cookstown, Simcoe county, and here began business anew, adding drugs to his general business. Next year a fire broke out in the village, and, among other buildings, swept away Mr. McKnight’s store and dwelling. Nothing disheartened by this calamity, although a great loser by the destruction of the contents of both store and dwelling, he went to work and paid up every dollar of his indebtedness. He then removed to the then rising village of Meaford, and went into the drug and grocery business, and through close attention to business he soon overcame his losses at Cookstown, and it was not long before he became one of the leading citizens, taking an active part in everything pertaining to the advancement of the village. As a politician he was ever active, having first taken a part in the contest between the late Hon. William McMaster and John W. Gamble, in the old home district, for a seat in the Legislative Council of Canada. At this time Mr. McKnight sided with Mr. McMaster and the Reformers, and has ever since worked in the same ranks. In 1872 he was chosen by the Reformers to contest East Grey against W. R. Fletcher, the Conservative candidate, for a seat in the House of Commons, but he failed to secure his election. Again, in 1874, he took the field against his old opponent, but at the close of the poll it was found that Mr. Fletcher still held the seat, although only by a majority of three hundred, on the previous occasion he having carried his election by six hundred majority. In 1875 Mr. McKnight was once more chosen to carry the Liberal standard, and this time in North Grey. His opponent was David Creighton, the sitting member, and editor and proprietor of the Owen Sound Times, a gentleman well known throughout the riding, while Mr. McKnight was practically an outsider. The battle was a fierce one, but at the end of it Mr. Creighton held his old seat in the Ontario legislature, only, however, by a majority of fifty-nine. In 1874 Mr. McKnight was made a justice of the peace, and the same year a commissioner per dedimus potestatem. He was appointed registrar for the county of Grey in 1875, and to this office he now devotes the principal part of his time. His removal from the arena of politics has given the subject of our sketch some leisure to practise his favorite pursuits—notably, floriculture and horticulture—and his home in Owen Sound testifies to his skill and taste in both. But fortunately for his neighbors he does not confine himself to his own private pursuits. He is at present president of the Mechanics’ Institute; a member of the Board of Education, and of the Board of Health; and an active member of the Masonic fraternity. He is well known as an enthusiastic apiarist. He is one of the leading spirits of the Ontario Bee-keepers’ Association, having been present at the convention held in Toronto, when it was first organized, and presided over the deliberations of that meeting in the city hall for three evenings. He was elected the secretary-treasurer of the newly-organized association, and on him devolved the perfecting of the organization, which he did thoroughly and well. For two years he held this position, and during that time edited the bee department of the Canadian Farmer. The following year he was elected president, and he has been on the executive committee ever since. He was appointed one of the delegates to represent Ontario’s display in the Colonial exhibition, held in London, England, in 1886. The magnificent display of honey was due in a very great measure to his efforts, as after a fair trial it was found that he possessed the art of staging the goods to the best possible advantage, and we think we may say, without fear of contradiction, that he has no superior, if an equal, in this line. To him alone was left the entire arrangement of the display, and the bee-keepers of Ontario feel very grateful for his untiring efforts in watching and carefully keeping the display up, changing it from day to day and from week to week, and making it always look fresh, as if just placed in position. He not only worked in the honey-building, but frequently spent hours after midnight with the pen to maintain the honor and reputation of the bee-keepers of his adopted country. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. In 1865 he was married to Miss McLean, daughter of Duncan McLean, of Elm Grove, and has a family of three children.

Torrance, Hon. Frederick William, B.C.L., Judge of the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec.—The late Judge Torrance was born in Montreal on the 16th July, 1823, and died in the same city on the 2nd January, 1887. He was a son of John Torrance, in his lifetime one of the leading merchants of Montreal. Judge Torrance received his primary education at private schools at Montreal, at the Nicolet College, and at Edinburgh under private tutors; and finally entered the University of Edinburgh, where he took the degree of M.A. in 1844, ranking second in the order of proficiency in classics and mathematics. He had previously, in 1839-40, followed courses of lectures at Paris, France, at the Ecole de Médecine and at the Collège de France. He studied law with the late Duncan Fisher, Q.C., and the Hon. James Smith, subsequently attorney-general for Lower Canada, and a judge of the Queen’s Bench. In 1848 he was called to the bar of Lower Canada. In 1852 he formed a partnership with Alexander Morris, who afterwards for a time filled the position of chief justice of the Court of Queen’s Bench for Manitoba—the firm being known as Torrance and Morris. In 1861, Hon. Mr. Morris having entered the political arena, was elected to represent South Lanark in the Legislative Assembly, and shortly afterwards removed to the province of Ontario. He was succeeded in the firm by his brother, J. L. Morris. On 27th August, 1868, Mr. Torrance was appointed a puisne judge of the Superior Court of Quebec, and from that time until his death earned for himself the reputation of an eminent jurist, and an upright, careful and painstaking judge. His decisions in business matters were always considered of great value, on account of his extensive experience in commercial law while practising at the bar. Judge Torrance was lecturer and professor of Roman law in McGill University (of which he was governor, and from which he obtained the degree of B.C.L. in 1856) from 1854 to 1870. In 1865, he was one of the commissioners appointed to enquire into the St. Albans raid affair, and did good service. In conjunction with Strachan Bethune, Q.C., J. L. Morris, and the late Mr. La Franaie, he brought out the Lower Canada Jurist, to which he contributed for many years. He was intimately connected with the Fraser Institute, and with the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott devoted much of his time towards establishing a free library in connection therewith. In religion Judge Torrance was a staunch Presbyterian, and he took a deep interest in all things relating to that church. He was president of the Presbyterian Sabbath-school Association, and after being connected with the Coté Street Church, Montreal, for many years, he became an elder of Crescent Street Church, which position he held at the time of his death. He contributed materially to the foundation of the Montreal Presbyterian College, and always took a lively interest in its welfare. He was also a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital. He subscribed largely to the general fund of the Home and Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian church. He took special interest in the missions to the Jews. He always identified himself enthusiastically with Sabbath-school work. He was known as a generous, kind-hearted and public-spirited citizen, and his death was deeply regretted by a large number of personal friends and the whole community, by whom he was held in great esteem. Some ten years ago he married Mrs. Pugh, of Louisville, Ky. He left a widow, but had no children. Judge Torrance was not reputed to be very wealthy, but during his lifetime his donations to the institutions with which he was connected were large and numerous.

Thomson, Donald Cameron, Lieutenant-Colonel, Lumber Merchant, Quebec, one of the most esteemed and successful men of business in the ancient capital, was born in 1823, at Kenlochiel House, near St. Andrew’s, county of Argenteuil, province of Quebec. His father served as a commissariat officer during the war of 1812; and his mother belonged to the family of Lochiel. In 1860, when the Trent outrage aroused the loyalty of Canada’s sons, Mr. Thomson raised a company of volunteers, and was attached to the battalion commanded by Lieut.-Col. De Salaberry, and on the latter retiring from the service, Captain Thomson was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy, and given command of the battalion. He was out during the Fenian troubles, and subsequently retired retaining his rank. For a number of years Colonel Thomson has been actively engaged, and still continues, in the export trade of timber to Britain, etc. He took a prominent part in the creation of the Union Bank of Canada, at Quebec, as well as in the formation of several commercial companies connected with river navigation. At present he is a director of the Union Bank of Canada; vice-president of the Quebec Steamship Company; president of the Saguenay & Lake St. John Railway Company; director of the St. Lawrence Steamboat Company; and director of the Quebec Ferry Company. A lover of sport Col. Thomson divides his summer vacation between the secluded salmon pools of the Murray river, leased to him, and his rustic cottage at Pointe-à-Pic, Murray Bay. Later on one may meet him scouring for cariboo, with an Indian guide, the snow-clad heights in rear of Baie St. Paul, known as Les Jardins. In politics the colonel may be counted among the Liberal-Conservatives, and in religion an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He is married to Annie Atkinson, niece of the late Henry Atkinson, of Spencerwood.

Oulton, Alfred E., Dorchester, Judge of Probate for the county of Westmoreland, New Brunswick, was born in Westmoreland, on the 2nd March, 1845. His parents were Thomas E. Oulton and Elizabeth Carter, both natives of Westmoreland county, whose ancestors came from Yorkshire, England, and settled in Westmoreland in 1763. Mr. Oulton received his education at the schools of his native place, and after attending in his father’s store for a while, went to Sackville, New Brunswick, and spent three years in Mount Allison Academy, taking a course of studies which embraced the higher mathematics and the Latin language. He adopted law as a profession, and pursued his studies in the office of A. L. Palmer, now judge in equity of New Brunswick. He was admitted to practice as an attorney in June, 1867, and as a barrister in June the following year. He then went into a law partnership with Mr. Palmer for three years, when Mr. Palmer removed to St. John and the partnership was dissolved. Since then he has carried on business on his own account, and we may say here that he has been a very successful lawyer. His practice extends into all the courts in the province, and also into the Supreme courts of the Dominion, and he does a great deal of office work, such as the collecting of claims, conveyancing, and general notarial work. Mr. Oulton was elected secretary of the municipal council of Dorchester, N.B., on its organization on the 7th June, 1887, and still holds the office. On the death of Governor Chandler, he was appointed judge of probate, August 1, 1878, and is considered practical and painstaking in the discharge of his official duties, and gives great satisfaction to the public. He is a commissioner for the Admiralty Court of New Brunswick. He joined the Masonic order in 1866, and was for three years in succession master of the Blue lodge at Dorchester. He is also a Royal Arch Mason, being a member of the chapter held at Moncton. In religion he is a member of the Church of England; and in politics a Conservative. He was married in June, 1883, to Kate Estabrook, daughter of the late G. B. Estabrook, of Sackville, N.B., and they have a family of three children, two boys and one girl.

McIsaac, Colin F., Barrister, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, M.P.P. for Antigonish, was born at South River, Antigonish county, in 1856. He is of Scotch descent, his ancestors having come from Inverness-shire, Scotland, many years ago, and settled in Antigonish county. His brother, Angus McIsaac, now judge of the county court of Antigonish, sat in the House of Commons at Ottawa from 1873 to 1885. Colin F. McIsaac was educated at St. François Xavier College, in his native county. Having adopted law as a profession, he devoted some years to study, and on 12th January, 1880, was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia, since which time he has successfully practised his profession. In 1882 he was elected a governor of St. François Xavier College, and has occupied this position ever since. He entered political life in 1886, and at the general election held that year was elected by a handsome majority to represent Antigonish in the Nova Scotia legislature. In politics Mr. McIsaac is a Liberal; and in religion is a member of the Roman Catholic church.

Philp, Rev. John, M.A., Pastor St. James Street Methodist Church, Montreal, is a Canadian by birth, having been born in the town of Cobourg, in the province of Ontario. His father, the Rev. William Philp, a native of Cornwall, England, was for nearly forty years a minister of the Wesleyan Methodist church in Canada. His mother was a person of rare excellence of heart and life. Rev. Mr. Philp, the subject of our sketch, was educated at Victoria University, Cobourg, and graduated in the arts course in 1861, receiving the B.A. degree, and taking the Hodgins prize. Three years later the same university conferred upon him the M.A. degree. He entered the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist church in 1860, when in the twentieth year of his age, and while yet at college. In June, 1861, he received his first appointment. In June, 1865, he was married to Miss Maggie Grafton, of Dundas, Ontario, and has a family of four children, living, the eldest of whom will soon graduate in medicine in McGill University, Montreal. His stations in order have been Oakville, Dundas, St. Mary’s, Woodstock, Fairfield, Windsor, Paris, St. Mary’s, Queen’s Avenue Church, London; Wesley Church, Hamilton; Carlton Street Church, Toronto; St. James Street Church, Montreal, and few ministers in the denomination can show more work done in the Master’s vineyard during nearly twenty-eight years. Fairfield circuit, near Brantford, was his first superintendency, and here extensive revivals of religion took place. One of the finest country churches was erected on what is known as Fairfield Plain. At Windsor during his term, the small frame building in which the congregation had long worshipped was superseded by a new and attractive brick church. At Paris, the present beautiful sanctuary was built, and thus the interests of Methodism there greatly furthered. At St. Mary’s, a remarkable temperance movement took place, in which over two thousand signed the pledge. In this he took an active part. During his term in London, the Queen’s Avenue Methodist Church was modernised and beautified, at a cost of $14,000. And since he took charge of the St. James Street Church, Montreal, the congregation, by their spirit and liberality, have begun a signally important and greatly needed work—the erection of a representative church in a more central part of the city; which, when it is completed will be the most imposing and commodious religious edifice of Methodism in Canada. Mr. Philp has received many marks of esteem and confidence on the part of his brethren in the church. He has been the secretary of the London Conference; secretary of the Examining Board; delegate to the General Conference; Conference examiner for the Theological College, Montreal; preacher of one of the baccalaureate sermons for Victoria University, &c. Though greatly devoted to his ministerial duties, he has found time to go abroad a little, making a trip to Britain, and a tour through the Continent, sailing up the Rhine, lingering amid the glories of Alpine scenery, and viewing some of the principal cities of Europe. While in England, nothing affected the reverend gentleman more than a visit to the little Cornish town where his (now sainted) parents were born and spent their early days. From that unpretentious centre (Lostwithiel and its immediate vicinity) came eight young men who knew each other in their boyhood, and who entered the ministry of the Methodist church in Canada, doing blessed and effective service for Christ. Most of them have since passed to their reward. Rev. Mr. Philp is a firm believer in the great doctrines of truth as held by the Methodist church, not because they are the creed of the church, but because they are the vitalities of Christian life; preeminently, the divinity of the Son of God, the vicarious character and sufficiency of the atonement, free and full salvation alone through faith in Christ, regeneration, the witness of the Spirit, the divine authority of the Holy Scriptures. But, while strongly attached to the Methodist church, he would scorn all narrowness of thought and view, all servile devotion to mere dogma, all sectarian prejudice and caste, and would most fervently pray with the Apostle, “Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity.” He believes that the pulpit should be progressive in its spirit and aim; abreast of the times in sanctified scholarship and power to teach, wisely conservative in its doctrinal tendency (by which he means not too eager to hail and foster new things), gospel in its character, never descending to the level of the mere lecture platform, or wasting its energy in mere speculative enquiry. Its one mission should be to preach Christ with all tenderness, simplicity, earnestness and directness as the sinner’s hope, the world’s saviour. The Montreal Daily Star, of the 24th October, 1887, thus kindly speaks of the Rev. Mr. Philp:—“He is a comparatively young man, although his ministerial work has been much greater and more varied than falls to the lot of men of his years. In the pulpit he presents the appearance of a man of great intellectual power, and his delivery bears out the impression, as his discourses are logical and keenly analytic. His elocution is easy, and increases in animation as he approaches the conclusion and application of his arguments. Mr. Philp is noted as a successful revivalist, and he has held in many places large meetings, and by his earnest, self-denying labors in every station in which he has labored caused large increases in the membership of his church. While especially active in forwarding the advance of the spiritual interests of his flock, Mr. Philp is not forgetful of the fact that the handmaids of religion, architecture, music, etc., have also their influence on the people. He has endeavored to promote their cultivation in available forms, and his efforts in the direction of improving the ecclesiastical structures over which he has had control, and the erection of others, have been peculiarly successful.”

Paton, Hugh, General Manager and Secretary of the Shedden Company, Montreal, was born at Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland, on the 5th October, 1852. His parents were William Paton and Mary Shedden, of Kilbirnie, Ayrshire, Scotland. Mr. Paton received his education in the Grammar School of Paisley, Scotland. In 1871 he came out to Canada, to reside with his uncle, the late John Shedden, railway contractor, Toronto. He entered Mr. Shedden’s office in Toronto, and remained there until that gentleman’s untimely death in 1873, he having been killed by a train on the Toronto and Nipissing Railway, when celebrating the opening of that line, which he had built. Mr. Paton then removed to Montreal, where he has since resided, and became secretary-treasurer of the Shedden Company, general forwarders and carriers, and cartage agents for the Grand Trunk Railway, which succeeded to the business of the deceased Mr. Shedden. This position he occupied until 1879, when he became manager and secretary, and this office he still holds; and we say here that Mr. Paton is now the principal proprietor of this company. He was honorary secretary-treasurer of the Province of Quebec Turf Club for four years; and honorary secretary-treasurer of the Montreal Tandem Club for two years. From 1879 to 1886 he was honorary secretary-treasuror of the Montreal Hunt; and this year (1887) he was elected master of the fox hounds, and that position he now holds. He has always taken an interest in racing and in agricultural pursuits, and is the owner of a farm near the city of Montreal where he resides during the summer months, and where he indulges in his favorite pursuits. He has owned several “Queen’s platers” and “steeple-chasers.” Since Mr. Paton took charge of the Shedden Company he has considerably extended its ramifications over the Dominion of Canada and the Western States of America, carrying on the business of contractors, forwarders, and carriers, owning about eight hundred horses, and grain and general storage warehouses at several points. In 1879 he made an extended tour over the continent of America, visiting nearly all the western states, and among other places of note Salt Lake City, the Yosemite valley, and San Francisco. Since then he has twice travelled over the continent of Europe. Mr. Paton is a Liberal-Conservative in politics; and in religion is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married in 1884 to Bella Robertson, daughter of Andrew Robertson, formerly merchant, Montreal, and now chairman of the Montreal Harbor Commission.

De Wolfe, Charles Edgar, Windsor, Barrister, Judge of Probate, and Revising Barrister for the county of Hants, Nova Scotia, was born in the town of Windsor, the shire town of the county of Hants, Nova Scotia, on the 22nd of July, 1845. His parents were James Lovitt De Wolfe, and Margaret A., daughter of the late Thomas Lovett, of Cornwallis, Kings county, Nova Scotia. Their children were Charles Edgar, Sarah Frances, widow of the Rev. H. P. Almon; Amelia Isabella; Benjamin Arthur, who died 17th February, 1845; James Lovitt, a doctor, residing in England; Benjamin Alfred, who died 17th August, 1851; Perez Morton, head of the well-known book firm of De Wolfe, Fiske & Co., Archway Book Store, 365 Washington street, Boston; Annie, wife of W. I. Fenwick, broker, Montreal, and Mary Agnes. J. L. De Wolfe was a lawyer, studied law in the office of the late Judge L. M. Wilkins; and subsequently, and for many years, Mr. De Wolfe was engaged in mercantile business in the town of Windsor, in the widely-known firm of B. De Wolfe & Son, in which he was junior partner. He died on 16th April, 1863, and his wife died on 23rd November, 1886. Benjamin De Wolfe, grandfather of C. E. De Wolfe, was the senior partner in the before-mentioned firm. He was member for Hants county in 1827-31. He married a Miss Lovitt, of the city of St. John, New Brunswick. They had four children, James Lovitt, Benjamin, lost at sea when acting as supercargo of a vessel; George, a medical student, also dead; and Sarah L., who now resides in Windsor. Benjamin De Wolfe, senior, died 9th December, 1863. Loran De Wolfe, the father of Benjamin, was born at Say Brook, Connecticut, 7th April, 1754. He resided in Windsor, or about three miles from it, the greater portion of his life. He married Mary Fox, of Cornwallis, Kings county. They had five children, viz., Benjamin, Phœbe M., George, Hannah, and Isaac. In 1791 Loran De Wolfe was assessor for the town of Windsor. The “Baptist Missionary Magazine” for April, 1835, in an obituary notice of him remarks: “As an instance of the public confidence in this worthy man, we may remark that he was elected in 1812 by acclamation, to represent the township of Windsor in the General Assembly. He retained his seat until ill health obliged him to retire from public life.” Nathan De Wolfe, father of Loran, and great-great-grandfather of C. E. De Wolfe, was born in Say Brook, Connecticut, in 1720, graduated A.M. in 1743, at Yale College, New Haven, and was engaged in the practice of law. He had previously “owned the covenant,” or joined the Congregational church, 7th June, 1741. He married, first, about 1748, Lydia Kirtland, daughter of John Kirtland. His second wife was Lydia Beldon, born at Say Brook, October 28th, 1721. Their children were Lucilla; Edward, born 1752; Loran, born 7th April, 1754; Elisha, born 5th May, 1756, and Nathan. Nathan, senr., came to Horton, Kings county, Nova Scotia, in 1760. He was a successful farmer. The Nova Scotian census returns of 1770 give a detailed account of his farm produce and stock. His residence was on the east side of the main post road, opposite to the present Baptist church, in Wolfville (1887). His legal practice did not interfere with his agricultural pursuits. He was for many years senior justice of the peace for Kings county. He was also registrar of probate, and took an active part in public affairs. He died at Horton on the 21st of March, 1789, aged sixty-nine years. Charles Edgar De Wolfe, the subject of our sketch, after receiving the usual course of education, entered upon the study of law in the office of the solicitor of the city of Portland, Maine, U.S., and continued his studies in the office of S. L. Morse, Q.C., Bridgetown, Annapolis county, Nova Scotia, and completed them in the office of the Hon. James Macdonald, Halifax, the present chief justice of Nova Scotia. He was admitted to the bar on the 19th of July, 1870. In 1880 he was appointed judge of probate for Hants county; and in 1886 was made revising barrister for the same county, under the Electoral Franchise Act, and both offices he still continues to hold. Previous to his becoming a law student, Mr. De Wolfe owned and edited a weekly newspaper in Bridgetown, and for five years he was proprietor and editor of the Windsor Mail, published at Windsor, N.S. He has taken a deep interest in the temperance movement, and on various occasions, and in different places in his native province, delivered strong addresses on its behalf. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and has been an active party man in his county. On the 12th of October, 1887, he was married to Cassie H., daughter of Samuel Grey, of New Annan, Colchester county, N.S. Mrs. De Wolfe was, before her marriage, a captain in the Salvation Army, and a very zealous worker for God and humanity in the provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but through ill health, had to retire from active service in the army. Mrs. De Wolfe has a sister in India, working there as a missionary, under the direction of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, of Nova Scotia.

Killam, Amasa Emerson, Moncton, Manager of the St. Martin’s and Upham Railway, M.P.P. for Westmoreland county, New Brunswick, was born on the 25th of August, 1834. His parents were born in New Brunswick, his father on the 26th of March, 1811, and his mother on the 10th of May, 1812. His paternal grandfather was an officer in the British army, and served during the American war of independence, and on the declaration of peace came to New Brunswick and settled at Sackville. His grandparents, on the mother’s side, were U. E. loyalists, and also became settlers in the Maritime provinces. Mr. Killam received his education at the common schools of his native place. He held the position of postmaster for a number of years, and is now manager of the St. Martin’s and Upham Railway, and in 1884 purchased the Elgin, Petitcodiac and Havelock railway, from Petitcodiac to Elgin, and in 1885 built the extension of the road to Havelock, and became managing director, and in 1886 took an interest in building the Central Railway, from Norton to Fredericton, and is managing director of the company: also managing director of the Buctouche and Moncton railway. He first entered the House of Assembly after the general election held in 1878, as representative of Westmoreland county. At the following general election he failed to be returned; but in September, 1883, on the resignation of P. A. Landry, who was elected to the House of Commons at Ottawa, Mr. Killam was chosen to fill the vacancy. At the general election held in 1886 he again came before his constituents, and was once more chosen their representative in the local house. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. On the 25th July, 1857, he was married, at Sackville, to Millicent Wheaton, and the fruit of the union has been seventeen children.

Young, Sir William, LL.D., ex-Chief Justice of Nova Scotia, Halifax.—The late Sir William Young, who was a Scotchman by birth, was born at Falkirk, in 1799, and died at Halifax, on the 8th of May, 1887. He was a son of John Young, of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland, who, many years ago, emigrated to Nova Scotia, making Halifax his home. His son William received his education at the University of Glasgow, where he took honors. He then took up law as a profession, was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1826, and appointed Queen’s counsel in 1843. In commencing his career as a lawyer, he had some advantages over most young men, in his family connections, which were quite numerous. But he, wisely, did not too largely depend on this for success; he was well-read, clear-headed, energetic, and bound to get on through his own inherent powers and perseverance. When he had established his reputation at the bar, and became comparatively independent in circumstances, he entered the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia, having been returned in 1833 to represent the island of Cape Breton when it formed an electoral district. Subsequently, when the island was divided, he represented Inverness, extending over a period of twenty-two years—from 1837 to 1859. In the latter year he successfully contested the county of Cumberland against Dr. (now Sir Charles) Tupper. Sir William being at that time leader of the Liberals, or opposition, and Dr. Tupper that of the Conservatives, or government party. Cumberland returned both these gentlemen to the Legislature, there being three members, Sir William, however, taking the lead. Shortly after getting into parliament Sir William showed his boldness of spirit and manly independence by entering his protest against the unjust coal mining monopoly then in existence, which had been granted by the Crown to the creditors of the late Duke of York, a monopoly which he and his brother George were largely instrumental in having removed at a later date. In 1838, during the closing scenes of the Canadian rebellion of that time, he was appointed as a delegate, with others, to meet Lord Durham, and discuss the numerous grievances of which the French population complained. The grievances of his own province he exposed in a letter of vigorous remonstrance, which Lord Durham afterwards annexed to his celebrated report. His associates on this memorable occasion were Mather B. Almon, J. W. Johnson and Jas. B. Uniacke, and sad to say the last of these delegates in the person of Sir William Young has now passed away. They met Lord Durham in Quebec, and in the several interviews with his lordship and his suite, and representatives from the several other provinces, they laid the foundations of the confederacy which in July, 1867, was perfected. In 1839 Sir William Young and Herbert Huntington were sent to Britain to impress upon the home government the removal of grievances existing in Nova Scotia, such a delegation having been found necessary, Lord Durham having thrown up his office, and returned to England in disgust. These delegates showed a considerable amount of tact and diplomatic skill, and their mission advanced the interests of the people in many ways. Their report, which shortly after their return was published, covered a wide field, and exhibited an active correspondence with the several departments of the Imperial government, from which valuable concessions were obtained. During the long period Sir William served in parliament he was a prominent figure in that body, acting either as chairman or leading member on almost every important committee. He became a member of the Executive Council in 1842. In 1843 he was elected speaker of the Legislative Assembly, and occupied this office for eleven consecutive years. In 1854 he became leader of the government as well as attorney-general; and leader of the opposition in 1857, a change of government having taken place. In 1859 he was chosen president of the Executive Council. For all this period, even when in the speaker’s chair, the impress of his strong mind was visible in almost every important measure, as the journals of the house amply testify, from the time he first attacked the coal mine monopoly of the creditors of the Duke of York, to the time of his retirement from the arena of politics. In 1851 he was associated with Messrs. Ritchie and McCully, both of whom afterwards were, like himself, made judges, in revising the statutes of Nova Scotia; and on the floor of the house he was the recognized spokesman of the agriculturists of the province, “a legacy,” which he often jokingly remarked, “had possibly descended to him from his father, the famous ‘Agricola,’” a then popular writer on agriculture both as a science and as an art. In 1860 he retired from political life, and was appointed chief justice of Nova Scotia, and this office he resigned in 1881 on account of age. When appointed to the chief justiceship he brought to the discharge of his high duties a clear intellect, a sound understanding of law, and a well-trained judicial mind, and during the time he sat on the bench he attended to its duties faithfully. His quick apprehension of points of both law and practice, his searching insight into all matters of a difficult or abstract character, made him distinguished as a judge and respected by the bar. In 1876 Sir William started on a six months’ tour in Europe, and, just before he left, the bar of Nova Scotia, and the mayor and corporation of Halifax presented him with addresses, which bore feeling testimony to his eminent services in the legislative halls, on the bench, and as a citizen in all the various spheres of life. To these addresses he made an off-hand and very happy response, showing the cordiality of his disposition and warmth of heart, as well as his readiness and ability as a speaker. In 1868 he received the honor of knighthood from her Majesty Queen Victoria; and in 1881 the degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by Dalhousie College. Sir William Young was married, in 1830, to Anne, daughter of the late Hon. Michael Tobin, M.L.C. She died at Halifax on the 12th January, 1883, at the age of seventy-nine years. Few ladies in Halifax were more generally known or more sincerely respected than Lady Young. She was a lifelong contributor to all public charities of the city, and in her more active years was prominently connected with every benevolent undertaking. Sir William Young was possessed of considerable means at the time of his death, and by his will he left his possessions to various educational, charitable, and other institutes in the city in which he had lived and been so benevolent and public spirited a citizen for the greater part of a century.

Cannon, Lawrence Ambrose, Quebec, Advocate, and Clerk of the Corporation of Quebec city, was born at Quebec on the 20th March, 1814. His father, John Cannon, architect, was of Irish parentage, and his mother, Angèle Griault dite Larivière, was of French descent. Mr. Cannon, senr., was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1824 to 1830, and represented the county of Hampshire, then comprising the present counties of Portneuf and Champlain. He was an Independent in politics, and though not unfriendly to the powers that then ruled, was much attached to the principles of the French Canadian party in the Assembly. He was a strenuous supporter of the Autonomists, who, at the time of the first proposed union of Lower and Upper Canada, exerted themselves so strongly that they succeeded in defeating the measure. Mr. Cannon was also above all an Irishman, and although living in Canada, he deeply sympathized with every movement calculated to advance the prosperity of the land of his birth. He, too, helped his fellow-countrymen in the land of his adoption, and contributed largely by his exertions and means to have erected in Quebec St. Patrick’s Church, which stands to-day as a monument to the religious ardor and generosity of the Irish race in the ancient capital. He was twice married; first to Angèle Griault dite Larivière; and the second time, in 1826, to widow Rosslewin, née Archange Baby. Lawrence Ambrose Cannon, the subject of our sketch, was educated first in private English schools, and afterwards in the Quebec Seminary, where he prosecuted and terminated his classical course of studies in 1833. He entered as a law student the office of Hon. C. R. Ogden, then attorney-general of Lower Canada; and in 1836, that of Stuart and Black. When he had completed his legal studies in 1838, he was called to the bar, and continued to practise his profession until May, 1864. On the resignation of F. X. Garneau, the Canadian historian, the city clerk of Quebec, through ill-health, Mr. Cannon was elected to fill this important position, and he has done it faithfully ever since. Some time after his appointment, the charter of the city was materially amended, thus considerably increasing his duties. Among other important changes, he was charged with the preparing of the lists of the parliamentary electors, and also of the persons qualified to be called upon to act as grand and petit jurors. And by the Act 33 Vict., chap. 46, the sole management of the municipal elections was conferred upon him. He married in 1845, Mary Jane Cary, daughter of the late Thomas Cary, then proprietor and publisher of the Quebec Mercury, and of Marie Anne Dorion. He has three surviving children; one son, Lawrence John Cannon, a practising barrister in Arthabaskaville, and two daughters.

Torrance, David, Montreal.—Mr. Torrance, during his lifetime one of Montreal’s most successful and distinguished merchants, was of Scotch parentage. He was born in New York in 1805, and died in Montreal Jan. 29th, 1876. When yet a boy he came to Kingston, Upper Canada (now Ontario), with his father, James Torrance, who was then extensively engaged in business in that town. In 1821 he removed to Montreal, and became a clerk with his uncle, the late John Torrance, who kept a place of business at the corner of St. Paul and St. Nicholas streets. By his close attention to his duties, and aptitude to the work, he rapidly rose in his employer’s estimation, which ended in his being taken into partnership in 1833. During his clerkship the late Rev. Dr. Wilkes, and the late Hon. John Young were engaged in the same establishment. With the view of extending the business of the concern, in 1835 Mr. Torrance entered into partnership with Mr. Young, of Quebec, under the firm name of Torrance & Young; and on the retirement of the late John Torrance, the senior member, the firm’s name was changed to that of D. Torrance & Co., which continued to the date of his demise, his partners being for many years Thomas Cramp, and his son John Torrance. In 1826 the old firm purchased a tug and passenger boat, the Hercules, from John Handyside & Co., and placed it under the command of Captain Brush, who afterwards became the proprietor of the Eagle Foundry, Montreal. This was the first step towards the establishment of an opposition line to the Molsons’ steamboats, then plying on the St. Lawrence, and its stock was eventually merged in that of the Richelieu Steamboat Company (now the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company). Mr. Torrance was early alive to the great future in store for Montreal, and was the first to launch out into direct trade with the East Indies and China, and for over thirty years the name of his firm has been well known in the great eastern centres of commerce. As a business man he was remarkable for great force of character and determination. This, combined with unflinching industry and regular habits, made the immense business of the firm move ahead with precision. An old friend of his once said of him, “He was a model man in regard to his business and social habits, and in the days of his prosperity was as regular in his attendance at the counting house as when he first started in business. His ambition was great, but tempered with prudence, and though he engaged in commercial ventures in other cities than Montreal, yet was uniformly successful.” Besides his promotion of commerce and navigation, he likewise proved himself a stay to our banking system, and after holding office for a long time as one of the directors of the Bank of Montreal, he was in 1873 elected president, which responsible position he held at the time of his death. His firm was also one of the originators of the Dominion Steamship Company. While largely engaged in ocean commerce, his capital and resources were also devoted to the carrying on of our inland forwarding trade. He was a diligent merchant, and did not meddle much in public affairs, though he was a consistent Liberal in politics throughout. To all benevolent and charitable schemes he was a frequent and liberal giver. He was always ready to aid the distressed and bring joy to those in want, and the main feature in this regard was the unostentatious way in which he helped those in need. He was a member of the St. James Street Methodist Church, and at the time of his death was one of its trustees. He was, in fact, the thorough type of a merchant prince, a representative of a class which, unfortunately, is far too small in these latter days. He was married to his cousin, the eldest daughter of the late John Torrance. He was in feeble health for some years previous to his death, and had only a few months before to forego active business, and when death at last came he passed away quietly, surrounded by his sorrowing family.

Skinner, Hon. Charles N., Q.C., St. John, ex-Judge of Probate for the county of St. John, New Brunswick, was born in St. John on the 12th March, 1833. His father, Samuel Skinner, was a contractor and builder, and was a native of Nova Scotia. His mother, Phœbe Sherwood, was a daughter of Robert Golding, whose grandfather, Captain Golding, commanded a company of loyal dragoons during the American revolutionary war. Both the Skinner and Golding families were loyalists and emigrated from the New England states—Mr. Skinner, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch, a short time before the outbreak of the revolution, and Mr. Golding after the war—and settled in the Maritime provinces. Charles N. Skinner received his education in the common and grammar schools of St. John. He studied law under Charles W. Stockton, of that city; was admitted to practice in 1858, and called to the bar in 1860. Since then he has successfully practised his profession in his native city. He is a well-read lawyer, a fluent, clear, and logical speaker, and seldom fails to present his case in the best possible light before a jury. His mind, too, is of a judicial cast; he is candid, honest, and impartial, and is admirably fitted by nature for the position he holds. When only about twenty-eight years of age he entered the field of politics, and was elected to represent St. John in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1861. After being in the house three years, the party with whom he was allied was defeated on the question of confederation. In 1866 he again appealed to his constituents, and was elected. During August of next year he was appointed solicitor-general in the A. R. Wetmore administration, and this office he held until March, 1868, when he retired from political life, having been made a judge of probate. He was also created a Queen’s counsel that year by the Provincial government, and by the Dominion government in 1873. He was elected to the Dominion parliament to represent the city and county of St. John at the general election in 1887, having previously resigned the office of Judge of Probate. He still practises at the bar of St. John, and stands high among his confrères. For some years he was a member of St. John city council, and took an active interest in all matters brought forward for the benefit of the citizens. He is a member of the brotherhood of Oddfellows. He belongs to the Baptist denomination, and is considered a man of unblemished character and liberal impulses. On the 12th January, 1865, he was married to Eliza Jane, daughter of Daniel J. McLaughlan (then president of the Commercial Bank of N.B.), of St. John, and the fruit of this union has been a family of eight children.

Fenwick, George Edgeworth, M.D., C.M., Montreal, was born in the city of Quebec, on the 8th October, 1825. His father, Joseph Fenwick, in early life entered the East India Company’s service, and subsequently, in command of his own ship, traded between London and the port of Montreal. He was from Morpeth, Northumberland, England. His mother, Margaret Elizabeth Greig, was a native of Quebec, of Scotch descent. His grandfather belonged to the landed gentry of Northumberland. Dr. Fenwick received his education under the Rev. Mr. Ramsay, a clergyman of the Church of England; and in June, 1841, began the study of medicine and surgery in the Marine and Emigrant Hospital in his native city. His brother, Dr. A. G. Fenwick, was at that time house-surgeon to that institution, and he acted under him as house apothecary. He remained in this position until November, 1842, when he entered the medical department of McGill College, in Montreal. He successfully passed his examination in May, 1846, but not being of age did not receive his diploma until January, 1847, when a special convention of the University was called for the purpose of conferring upon him the degree of doctor in medicine and master in surgery. In May following, Dr. Fenwick was appointed house-surgeon and apothecary to the Montreal General Hospital, which office he filled until December, 1848, when he commenced general practice in Montreal. In 1849 he aided, in conjunction with Dr. Howard, the late Dr. G. D. Gibb (afterwards Sir G. D. Gibb, baronet, M.D., of London, England), and the late Drs. Pelletier, Boyer and Jones, in establishing the Montreal Dispensary, and was one of the attending staff of that institution until November, 1864, when, on the death of Dr. Thomas Walter Jones, he received the appointment of attending surgeon of the Montreal General Hospital. In 1867 he was appointed professor of clinical surgery in McGill University, and held this position until 1876, when, on the resignation of the late Dr. George W. Campbell, he was appointed professor of surgery, which chair he has filled to this time. As a teacher Dr. Fenwick has had long experience in the teaching of surgery. For many years professor of clinical surgery, his lectures were all delivered in the General Hospital, and every student who had the privilege of visiting the wards during his term of service, knows well the keen interest he took in everything concerning the cases in hand. Careful and painstaking himself, he firmly exacted from his assistants, house officers and dressers, a like degree of attention and carefulness in little things. After his promotion to the chair of surgery his lectures were of a more didactic nature, but to them he brought the same spirit of earnest devotion to the cause of science, the same grasp of subject leading to the formation of opinions strongly held, the same care for the important minutiæ, and the same genial and impressive manner which characterized his early teachings in the wards. In 1864 Dr. Fenwick, with his colleague, Dr. F. W. Campbell, established the Canada Medical Journal, which he continued to edit until 1879, when he relinquished the editorial chair. As a medical writer he is probably as well known as any in Canada. His articles upon surgical subjects are all terse and logical, and carry the impress of a vigorous and thoughtful mind. His most important papers are those upon lithotomy, of which operation he has probably had a larger experience than any other living surgeon in the Dominion. On excision of bronchocele, his bold operations have commanded the most wide-spread attention, and on excision of the knee-joint and other major operations he has been remarkably successful. He holds the degree of M.D., C.M. from his first university, and has never sought medical honors from any institution abroad; nevertheless, he has been considered worthy of them. He has been elected honorary member of the New Brunswick Medical Society; of the Medical Society of Nova Scotia, and of the Gynæcological Society of Boston. For many years Dr. Fenwick represented the profession of Montreal as one of the governors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec province. He has served as president of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal; and was, at the meeting of the Canada Medical Association, held at Ottawa in 1880, elected vice president of that body for Quebec province, and in 1882 was elected president of the association. Dr. Fenwick is an adherent of the Episcopal church; and in politics a Conservative. In 1852 he was married to Eliza Charlotte, daughter of the late Colonel de Hertel, of St. Andrews, Argenteuil. The fruit of this union has been seven children, only three of whom survive.

Adams, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Cambridge, D.C.L., Lennoxville, was born at Paramatta, New South Wales, on September 14, 1847. His father, the Rev. Thomas Adams, was a member of a family in Cornwall, England, of which the eldest brother is J. C. Adams, F.R.S., the celebrated discoverer of the planet Neptune, who, on the retirement of Sir G. B. Airy, declined the position of Astronomer Royal of Great Britain, and is still director of the Cambridge University. Another brother (W. G. Adams, F.R.S.), is a leading authority on electricity and natural philosophy, and occupies the professorial chair in King’s College, London, once held by Wheatstone, and afterwards by Clerk Maxwell. The father of Principal Adams became a missionary in the Friendly Islands (South Pacific), and it was in Australia, on the way to that mission, that Dr. Adams was born. Thomas Adams, sen., is chiefly noted for having been the translator of a great portion of the Bible into Tonguese, and for having been the first who issued a complete edition of the Sacred Book in that language. His mother was Maria French, of Taunton, Somerset. She accompanied his father into the mission field, and gave her life to the work. She died in Vavau in February, 1860. Professor Adams was educated first at Taunton, Somerset, at a large proprietary school, under T. Sibly, B.A.; next at University College, London, under the late Professor de Morgan, in mathematics, and Professor J. R. Seeley, in classics. In November, 1867, he joined the geological survey of England, under Sir A. C. Ramsay, but resigned in April, 1869, owing to a severe sprain. In October, 1869, he entered St. John’s College, Cambridge, and in January, 1873, graduated as 19th wrangler in a first class of thirty-seven. After acting temporarily as professor of mathematics in the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, he was appointed mathematical and science master in the Royal Grammar School, Lancaster, and in August, 1874, he became senior mathematical master in the Royal School of St. Peter’s, York. He was ordained deacon in 1874, and priest in 1876, by the present archbishop of York. In 1881, on the occasion of the jubilee meeting of the British Association in York, in conjunction with Dr. T. Anderson, he became local secretary. In December, 1882, he was elected, out of fifty-seven competitors, as the first head master of the High School for boys, Gateshead-on-Tyne, and left there a school of one hundred and fifty boys to accept the position he now holds of principal of the University of Bishop’s College, and rector of the College School, Lennoxville, province of Quebec. He has held this position since August, 1885, and succeeded Dr. Lobley in both offices. In July, 1878, he was married to Annie Stanley, youngest daughter of the late T. Barnes, of London, England.

Turnbull, Lieut.-Colonel James Ferdinand, Commandant of the Royal School of Cavalry, Quebec city, was born in London, England, on the 19th July, 1835, and baptized at Westerham, in Kent, in the same font that had done duty to the ever immortal General Wolfe. He is the eldest son of the late James Turnbull, by his second marriage with Caroline Oldaker, and came to Canada when only one year old with his parents, who settled in Quebec. In 1841 he was sent to St. Andrew’s Church school, under a worthy good master, William Bain, leaving next year to join the school of that excellent teacher and missionary, the Rev. Mr. Handsell, and from there went to the High School on its formation in 1845, where he received his education until May, 1850, when he left school for good and entered the office as junior clerk of the mercantile firm of P. Langlois & Co., on St. Andrew’s wharf. In 1855, upon the formation of the volunteer militia corps, he joined as a private, together with a number of other young men of Quebec, the troop of cavalry that was enrolled that autumn, and his love for horses and riding had an opportunity to display itself. In 1860, at a general meeting of the citizens of Quebec, called at the Merchants’ Exchange, by his Worship the Mayor, Hector Langevin, to form a committee for the reception of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, Mr. Turnbull was unanimously called upon to act as honorary secretary to the said committee, and performed his arduous duties to the entire satisfaction of the whole community, receiving a very complimentary vote of thanks. In 1861 he received a commission as cornet in No. 2 troop Quebec Volunteer Cavalry, and upon the disbanding of this troop in 1862, was promoted to be lieutenant in No. 3 troop, which subsequently replaced No. 2, and the subject of this sketch was gazetted captain on May 20th, 1864, and visited the American cavalry and their remount depôts during their civil war. In 1865 he proceeded to the Cavalry Depot, Canterbury, for a course of instruction, at the suggestion of Colonel MacDougall, adjutant-general, who saw the necessity of establishing a school of cavalry in Canada; and upon the news of a probable Fenian raid, returned by way of New York in March, 1866, acting both there and on the frontier as intelligence officer to the adjutant-general then in Montreal; subsequently coming on to Quebec and assuming charge of the Quebec cavalry. In 1867 Captain Turnbull went to France, at the suggestion of Sir George Cartier, to study the French cavalry drill, and through the British ambassador in Paris, Lord Lyons, received the necessary permission to visit the regiment at St. Germain, “Les Dragons de l’Imperatrice.” In 1869 he received the brevet rank of major. In 1872 he went with official letters from the Governor-General to England for cavalry instruction, and was attached to the 7th Hussars at Aldershot, returning again in time for the annual drill in camp at Levis the next summer. In 1874 he received the brevet rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1875 he again proceeded to England for cavalry instruction, and was put on the cavalry staff at Aldershot during the autumn manœuvres, subsequently proceeding to Italy for the winter, and while in Rome had the privilege of a private presentation to His Holiness Pius IX., by Monsignor Stonor. Colonel Turnbull returned to Canada for the drill season of 1876, but shortly afterwards started again for an extended European tour, and while in Paris in the month of April, 1878, received an offer from the War Office, in the probable event of war with Russia, to raise a regiment of cavalry in Canada for service in the East, and spent some weeks in communication with the War office authorities and H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge, to whom he was presented by Sir Patrick MacDougall, as the best Canadian officer that he knew of to undertake the task,—rendered, however, unnecessary by the celebrated conference at Berlin, when “peace with honour” was concluded. In 1879 Sir Patrick MacDougall cabled from Halifax that Lieut.-Colonel Turnbull was ready to raise a regiment of cavalry for service in South Africa if permission were granted him by the Canadian authorities, the Whitehall “Review” of the 27th March, 1879, remarking upon the offer as follows:—“The Government has found it necessary to decline the offer made by Lieut.-Col. Turnbull to raise a regiment in Canada for service at the Cape, but it has signified its appreciation of the very laudable spirit in which the offer has been made. Colonel Turnbull was lately residing temporarily in England, and made the acquaintance of many officers of our army. He is spoken of as an officer of considerable military ability, and this is not the first occasion on which he has given convincing proof of his loyalty and anxiety to serve the interests of the British Crown.” In 1883 the dominion government having in view the establishment of a cavalry school of instruction, Colonel Turnbull, together with three other commandants of infantry schools, was sent to Aldershot, where he was attached for three months to the 15th Hussars, and on the 21st December, 1883, his official appointment as commandant of the cavalry school corps appeared in the “Gazette.” On the breaking out of the Riel rebellion he was ordered with his corps to the North-West and stationed by General Middleton in the Touchwood Hills, where so much depended upon the several reserves of Indians in that district being prevented from going on the war-path and joining the rebels at Batoche. The tact and firmness displayed in dealing with these bands, had a satisfactory result; and in common with the rest of the expedition, he received the war medal. Besides his military proclivities he has long been an active promoter of sport and general club life, having been a member of the committee of the Turf Club, Hunt Club, Curling Club, Racket Court, Tandem Club, Yacht Club, Rowing Club, Rifle Association, of which he was president; Stadacona Club, and Garrison Club, Quebec. He is also a member of more than one military club in London, and the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, Toronto. Colonel Turnbull was married in June, 1867, to Elizabeth, third daughter of James MacKenzie, of Point Levis. His residence is “Clermont,” St. Louis road, Quebec.

Pacaud, Ernest, Advocate and Journalist, Quebec, was born at Three Rivers, province of Quebec, on the 25th August, 1850. He is a son of the late P. N. Pacaud, in his lifetime notary at Arthabaska. Mr. Pacaud was educated at Nicolet’s College, from September, 1860, to September, 1867, and was admitted to the bar 8th July, 1872. He practised at the Arthabaska bar from 1872 to 14th June, 1878, when he was appointed by the Provincial government, Hon. Mr. Joly at the time being premier, the prothonotary of the Superior Court, clerk of the Crown, and clerk of the Circuit Court at Three Rivers. He was, however, dismissed for political reasons in March, 1880, by the Tory government, headed by the Hon. Mr. Chapleau. He established the Journal d’ Arthabaska in September, 1877, in the interest of the Liberal party, and published it till June, 1878, when he received the appointment of prothonotary at Three Rivers. He took the editorship of La Concorde, published at Three Rivers, April, 1880, but on the 15th December, 1880, left the Concorde, when called by the leaders of the Liberal party to take the editorship of L’Electeur, a daily morning paper published in the city of Quebec, and the chief Liberal organ in the province. He is now the proprietor and chief editor of L’Electeur. He ran as a representative for the local house in Drummond and Arthabaska in January, 1874, after Hon. Mr. Laurier’s resignation in the Legislative Assembly, to run for the House of Commons at Ottawa. He also was a candidate for the House of Commons in Bellechasse, at the general elections of 1882, but was defeated by Colonel Amyot, then the Tory candidate. He is Catholic in religion, and a Liberal in politics. Mr. Pacaud accompanied, in 1881, the Hon. Messrs. Blake, Laurier, and Huntingdon in their political tour in Nova Scotia, as correspondent for the French Liberal press of the province of Quebec. He was married on the 23rd August, 1876, to Marie Louise Camille Turcotte, daughter of the late Hon. J. E. Turcotte, who was a speaker of the House of Commons and member of the government under the union of the two Canadas, and sister of the Hon. A. Turcotte, Speaker of the House of Assembly of Quebec from 1878 to 1881, and now commissioner of crown lands in the Mercier government.

Doucet, Laman R., Bathurst, Sheriff of the County of Gloucester, New Brunswick, was born at Bathurst on the 25th of August, 1847. His parents were Romain D. Doucet and Marie DeGrâce. His father was of Acadian descent; and his grandfather one of the first French settlers after the expulsion of the Acadians from old Acadia in 1755. His mother was of Spanish descent, her grandfather having come from Spain to America about the year 1781, when only about seventeen years of age, with his uncle, Admiral DeGrâce, who was in command of a French fleet, and who figured conspicuously on the side of freedom at the siege of Yorktown, when the last successful effort was made for American independence in 1781. Sheriff Doucet was educated in the schools of his native parish, and succeeded in securing a good French and English education. He is a man of great energy of character, and through his own almost unaided exertions he now stands high among his fellow countrymen. In April, 1881, he was appointed sheriff of his native county, being the second gentleman of French origin who has attained to this position in the province of New Brunswick. Since his appointment he has acted as returning officer in all the local and federal elections in Gloucester county. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He was married on the 19th July, 1876, to Margaret Dion, of Bathurst.

Genest, Laurent Ubalde Archibalde, Counsellor-at-Law, Three Rivers, Province of Quebec, was born on the 4th March, 1828, at Gentilly, in the same province. His ancestors came from France, where several villages bearing their name remain to this day as old landmarks of several branches of this ancient family. One of them, Louis Genest, captain of militia, and a thriving agriculturist, settled at St. Jean, Isle d’Orleans, near Quebec, where, on the 19th January, 1777, he married Elizabeth Amireau, alias Mireau, from l’Acadie, in Nova Scotia. From Louis Genest and Elizabeth Amireau, or Mireau, was born on 18th April, 1779, Laurent Genest, father of the subject of this sketch. L. Genest, the elder, received his education at Quebec, where, on the 24th March, 1808, he was, by Royal commission, appointed a notary public for Lower Canada. Shortly afterwards he left Quebec, and settled in the parish of Gentilly, in the county of Nicolet, where he acted as agent for the seigniory of Gentilly, and on behalf of several large landowners in the neighboring townships of Maddington, Blandford, Bulstrode, Stanfold and Somerset. On 29th October, 1810, he married, at Gentilly, Marie Anne Panneton, daughter of Jean-Baptiste Panneton, a captain of militia, and a prosperous agriculturist. On 1st September, 1812, he was appointed adjutant of militia in full pay, and raised a battalion, from the Bécancour division, for the American war with Great Britain. He marched off with that battalion for the seat of war; but the battle of Chateauguay (26th October, 1813) having been won, his battalion was recalled home. On the 17th February, 1815; 8th March, 1816; 13th September, 1830; 11th October, 1834, and 2nd March, 1835, he was appointed, by as many Royal commissions, a returning officer for the election of members for the counties of Buckingham and Nicolet. On 13th February, 1822, under the Earl of Dalhousie, he was appointed again captain and adjutant of militia for the Bécancour division. On 27th January, 1831, under Lord Aylmer, he was appointed again captain for the second battalion in the militia of the county of Nicolet. On 13th April, 1839, he was appointed clerk of the Court of Requests at Gentilly, a county court for the county of Nicolet which sat quarterly, doing considerable business. On 7th June, 1842, he was appointed a justice of the peace for the district of Three Rivers. On 22nd April, 1844, he was appointed clerk of the Circuit Court of Gentilly, a circuit embracing the whole county of Nicolet. On 6th October, 1845, he was appointed a commissioner to administer official oaths in Lower Canada. He was offered on several occasions, by the electors of the county of Nicolet, the nomination as their representative in the House of Assembly, but always declined. He was a man of sterling worth, much loved and respected on account of his irreproachable integrity and his sociable character. His friends were many and most distinguished, especially in the city of Quebec, whence he came. He died much regretted at Gentilly, on the 25th of September, 1846, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. His son, L. U. A. Genest, the subject of this sketch, was born at Gentilly on the 4th March, 1828. He is a brother of the late Charles B. Genest, advocate, and an M.P.P. for Three Rivers in the House of Assembly of Quebec. He was educated at Nicolet College, under the rectorship of the Right Rev. J. B. A. Ferland, the learned and distinguished Canadian historian (1840-1846). At the death of his father, in 1846, he succeeded him as agent for the seigniory of Gentilly, which office he held until June, 1851. This position induced him to make a special study of the seignorial tenure and feudal system, which he admired very much, as having been, as he considered, an excellent mode to settle, with a select and prosperous population, French Lower Canada, though afterwards he was compelled to acknowledge that circumstances were changed, and that many abuses had taken hold of this fine tenure of lands, which later justified its abolition. Indeed, his opinion is that too much gratitude cannot be bestowed on the memories of two very justly regretted Canadian statesmen, the Hon. L. T. Drummond and Sir George Etienne Cartier (with whom he had the advantage of being intimately acquainted) for the abolition and redemption of that tenure, which had lived its full time. He holds that the present lord and tenant system of Ireland, which, when established, like the Canadian seignorial tenure, must have been beneficial to all parties concerned, should also now be abolished by redemption, just after the same mode which was followed for the abolition of the feudal tenure of Lower Canada; and he affirms that the British statesman who would accomplish this at the present time, whatever be his name, would be the greatest benefactor of the British empire in our days, whilst he would render the utmost service to every lord and tenant of Ireland, who would only be the happier for the change, with remarkable gain to all, and an incalculable saving of ill-feeling, trouble and millions of money to the mother country. On 20th May, 1850, Mr. Genest was commissioned an ensign of the 2nd battalion in the militia of Nicolet. In June, 1851 he left Gentilly for Montreal, where he began his regular legal studies, under Joseph Peltier, advocate, one of the Canadian braves of 1837, and his then partner, Joseph Papin, one of the chieftains of the Liberal party of that period. On 3rd May, 1853, he was admitted as an advocate and barrister at the bar of Montreal, where he began to practice with Toussaint Peltier and the Hon. Joseph Bourret. On 18th November, 1853, he was commissioned lieutenant in the 9th battalion of the militia of Montreal. In 1855 he was called to take part in the labors of the Seigniorial Commissioners at Montreal, a task which his previous studies and taste well fitted him to fulfil. He was also appointed to and filled the office of clerk of the Seigniorial Court of Review, which sat at Montreal and Quebec. On 8th March, 1856, he was appointed clerk of the peace for Three Rivers, where he removed from Montreal, whilst continuing for some time after to take part in the labors of the Seigniorial Commission at Montreal and Quebec. On 18th September, 1857, he was appointed a commissioner to administer official oaths in Lower Canada. On 1st August, 1876, he was appointed a member of the commission for the civil erection of parishes and the building of churches in the diocese of Three Rivers, of which commission he is the president. He is a member of the Institut National, and of the Historical Society of Montreal, and of the Literary Society of Three Rivers. He is also a member of the society for the re-wooding of the province of Quebec. As a member of the Historical Society of Montreal, he has contributed largely, with the regretted Sir L. H. LaFontaine, baronet, with whom he was on very friendly terms, to numerous and important researches concerning the ancient families who first settled Canada. He ranks among the first as a criminal lawyer in Lower Canada, and his advice is also highly prized in civil matters. His word is as good as gold, and he is held in very high esteem, and enjoys the confidence of his fellow citizens, on account of his unimpeachable integrity and frankness. Though neutral in politics, he is, by inheritance and education, a strong Conservative; nevertheless a friend of all, without regard to party or creed. He is an enthusiastic admirer of the British constitution, and will cling to the very last to his allegiance. In religion he is a Roman Catholic, holding that religion is indispensable in the governing and ruling of nations to secure their peace, prosperity and happiness, and to insure the stability of kingdoms, empires and republics, thereby justifying the family motto—“Nascor, vivere, vincere et mori, pro Deo, reginâ, patriâ et civibus”; “Je nais, pour vivre, vaincre et mourir, pour mon Dieu, ma reine, mon pays, mes concitoyens.” On 21st January, 1856, he married, at Montreal, Emma MacCallum, daughter of John MacCallum, of that city (formerly a Quebec merchant), by Flavie Raymond, of Laprairie, a grand-daughter of James MacCallum, a Quebec merchant, seignior of the seigniories of St. James and Thwaite, in the district of Montreal, and also at one time a member for the city of Quebec in the House of Assembly of Lower Canada. Mrs. Genest is a first cousin, on her mother’s side, of the late Hon. Edouard Masson, M.L.C., and of his Excellency the Hon. L. F. R. Masson, member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada, late lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec. Mr. Genest resides at 64 Royal street, Three Rivers, P.Q.

Lugrin, Charles S., who was born at Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 1818, and died in the same city on the 27th April, 1877, was educated at the Collegiate School of his native place. He was a son of George K. Lugrin, for many years Queen’s printer for New Brunswick, and grandson of Peter Lugrin, who served as master of hospital stores in the Royal army during the American revolutionary war. The Lugrins are of Swiss origin. Captain Peter Moses Lugrin lived at Romainmotier, Switzerland, in the early part of the eighteenth century, and held important public positions. He married Lady Beniné Marguerite Rochat, by whom he had issue, Simeon, great grandfather of Charles S. Lugrin. Charles S. followed his father’s business of printing, and after the latter’s death took charge of the Queen’s printer’s establishment, under John Simpson, the new incumbent of the office, with whom he was in partnership for some time. After Mr. Simpson’s death, he began the publication of the Colonial Farmer, which he conducted successfully for a number of years. In 1868 he was appointed secretary of the Board of Agriculture, and held the office until the abolition of the board in 1875, when he accepted the office of secretary of the school trustees for Fredericton, which he held until his death in 1877. He was paymaster in the militia when a young man. In his lifetime he was an active member of the Methodist church; a leading temperance advocate, and for a term occupied the position of grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of New Brunswick. As a writer he was sharp and incisive, and in politics a Liberal. He was married to Martha L., daughter of John and Mary Stevens. The latter was a granddaughter of Colonel Richard Lawrence, of Staten Island, N.Y., who served on the loyalist side during the American revolution.

Chisholm, Peter J., President and Manager of the Nova Scotia Lecture and Concert Bureau, Truro, Nova Scotia, was born at West River, Pictou county, N.S., on the 1st August, 1848, and is the youngest of a family of seven sons. Both parents were Scotch, and came to Nova Scotia in 1810. Being poor working people, they were only able to give their son a common school education; and at the early age of thirteen he was apprenticed to a general merchant. Here he remained until he was sixteen, and then started business on his own account. He visited Halifax and made his own purchases, and after a few years’ successful operations, he began to import his merchandise direct from foreign markets, and has continued to do so ever since. In 1866, he joined the Orange association by becoming a member of Derry lodge, No. 25, Truro, and is still a member of the same lodge. He occupied the position of worshipful master three years, and at the present time is grand master of the Grand Orange lodge of Nova Scotia. In 1873 he joined the Independent Order of Good Templars, and was elected chief templar the same year. In 1878 he was sent as a delegate to the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia, and was nominated for grand chief templar, but declined. In 1880 he was elected one of the delegates to the Right Worthy Grand Lodge which met in New York city in 1880; also to Washington in 1884; Toronto in 1885; Richmond in 1886; and to Saratoga in 1887; and at Washington session was elected right worthy grand marshal. In 1880, he was elected grand chief templar of his own Grand Lodge. He held the office for four successive years; but on being elected the fifth time, he resigned, and was unanimously elected grand secretary. This office he held for two years, declining re-election at the last session of the Grand Lodge, on account of business engagements. When he assumed the office of grand chief templar in 1880, the Grand Lodge for Nova Scotia had less than 2,000 members, with a debt of over $400; but when he retired from the office the membership was over 6,000, and a surplus of cash on hand. During the four years he held the office of grand chief templar, he travelled extensively through the province of Nova Scotia as a lecturer and organizer, and was very successful. In 1886 he received an appointment as deputy right worthy grand templar from his very intimate friend, the late Hon. John B. Finch, R.W.G.T., and two weeks afterward he received a commission to proceed at once to Newfoundland and look after the interests of Good Templary there. His trip was a grand success, and on the eve of leaving the island he was tendered a grand reception and was presented with a very flattering address, signed by the leading Good Templars of Newfoundland. For three years he held the position of chairman of lecture work, and it was through his influence that the following celebrated lecturers visited Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, namely, Hon. John B. Finch, Colonel J. J. Hickman, Lou. J. Beauchamp, Hon. John Sobieskie, Professor Crozier, and others. In one year he reported over 300 lectures delivered and 60 lodges organized; the greatest number of lodges ever organized in one year in Nova Scotia. At the present time he holds no office in the Grand Lodge, but he is ever in demand as a lecturer and organizer. At the present time he is president and manager of the Nova Scotia lecture and concert bureau. He is a member of the Independent Order of Foresters. In politics, Mr. Chisholm has always been a strong Liberal; and in religion, a Presbyterian. Mr. Chisholm has been in business for twenty years in the town of Truro, and no one living in that beautiful town takes such great delight as he does in pointing out its beauty and advocating its advancement. During the last ten years great inducements have been offered him to leave his beautiful town, but to all such offers up to the present time he has given a refusal. In 1872 he married Bessie A. Cock, of Brookside, Colchester county. Her great-grandfather, Rev. Daniel Cock, was the first settled Presbyterian minister in the province of Nova Scotia. This is the oldest Presbyterian church in the Dominion. The Rev. William McCulloch, D.D., who retired from the ministry about a year ago, was pastor of the above congregation forty-eight years. Rev. John Robbins, late of Glencoe, Ontario, is now pastor of this church. Mr. Chisholm has been blessed with a family of two boys. Mrs. Chisholm is a very active church member; a worker in the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, and other moral reforms.

Guillet, Major George, Merchant, Cobourg, Ontario, M.P. for West Northumberland, Ontario, was born in Cobourg, on the 19th July, 1840. His father, John Guillet, was born in St. Helier, Island of Jersey, and after coming to America resided several years in St. John’s, Newfoundland, where he acted as agent for a Jersey firm engaged in the fisheries. His mother, Charlotte Payne, was the second daughter of John Payne, and was born in Frome, Somersetshire, England. Mr. Guillet received his elementary education at the public schools, and at a private school of John Wilson, M.A., LL.D., and then entered Victoria College, Cobourg. He enlisted at the time of the Trent difficulty in the Cobourg Rifle Company, was promoted to the ensigncy of that company, and afterwards received a lieutenant’s commission in No. 2 company, 40th battalion, becoming its captain in October, 1873. He is now quartermaster of the 40th, with the rank of major. He sat in the municipal council of Cobourg seven years, and was also for four years mayor and commissioner of the town trust. His municipal career was marked by the liberal encouragement given to the manufacturing interests of the town; the obtaining of the passage of an act in the Ontario legislature providing a property qualification for commissioners of the town trust, and declaring the position shall be held without emolument, save by the chairman and treasurer of the board. Several important street improvements in the town also owe their origin to him. In addition, he was active in promoting the educational interests of Cobourg, particularly in getting erected the Faraday Science Hall, in connection with Victoria University, and the Collegiate Institute. He contested the West Riding of Northumberland in the provincial election of 1879, but was defeated by 21 votes. On the resignation of the Hon. James Cockburn, in 1881, Mr. Guillet was nominated for the vacant seat, and was elected by a majority of 79 votes over the Reform candidate, George Waters, M.D. He was re-elected at the general election of 1882, but his election having been voided by the Supreme Court, he was again nominated for re-election, and was returned, defeating for the second time his opponent of 1882, William Kerr. At the general election of 1887, he again defeated the Reform candidate, J. H. Dumble, police magistrate of Cobourg, and now represents West Northumberland in the House of Commons at Ottawa. He is a firm supporter of British connection, and all lines of national policy consistent therewith. He is, however, in favour of reciprocal trade in natural products with the United States, and the abolition of the canal tolls on Canadian trade. While he is opposed to frequent changes in the British North America Act, he favours the idea of transferring the power of prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors to the provinces. In the session of 1882, he introduced the bill granting to seamen a first lien and the right of recovery of wages in rem, and by a summary process, which resulted in the amendment of the Merchants’ Shipping Act of 1873 to that effect; and he received the thanks of the Seamen’s Union for obtaining these concessions. He is opposed to commercial union, on the ground of impracticability, save at the sacrifice of distinctively Canadian interests and institutions, and at the cost of humiliation and dishonour to the Canadian name. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also of the Oddfellows, and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. In politics Mr. Guillet is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion an adherent of the Methodist church. He has lived continuously in Cobourg since the day of his birth, and has been engaged in the wholesale and retail grocery and crockery business for over twenty-five years. This business was first established by John Guillet, and is now one of the oldest of its kind in Cobourg. Mr. Guillet has been a successful merchant; his career not having been interrupted by either suspension, assignment, or compromise. In addition to his regular line of business, he has invested considerable of his means in lake shipping.

McKinnon, Hon. John, Farmer and Trader, Whycocomagh, M.P.P. for Inverness, Nova Scotia, was born at Whycocomagh, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, on the 14th July, 1833. The family belongs to the McKinnons, of Skye, Scotland, and the subject of our sketch is the second son of Lauchlan McKinnon, who emigrated to Cape Breton from North Uist in 1828. His mother was Anna McLean. Mr. McKinnon received his education at the Free Church College, in Halifax. Apart from his business operations, he has devoted a good deal of his time to public concerns. He taught for several years, as Grammar school teacher in Halifax and Victoria counties. He was gazetted captain in No. 5 Inverness Infantry of militia, previous to confederation. In 1874 he was elected to represent the county of Inverness in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. In May, 1875, he was sworn in as member of the Executive Council, and held office without a portfolio in the Hill administration until its resignation, in October, 1878. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the general elections, held in 1878 and 1882; but at the general election in 1886 he was again returned to the Legislature by his old constituency. Mr. McKinnon was a strong supporter of confederation, and assisted in promoting the building of the railway extension from New Glasgow to the Strait of Canso. He takes a deep interest in the temperance movement, and has held several offices in the orders of the Sons of Temperance and Good Templars. He actively supports the Scott Act. In politics, he is a Liberal; and in religion, an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married on the 19th December, 1878, to Harriet, daughter of the late D. McQueen, of Sydney, Cape Breton.

Owens, William, Stonefield, Lachute, M.P.P. for Argenteuil, was born at Stonefield, province of Quebec, in 1840. His father, Owen Owens, was a native of Denbigh, Wales, and his mother, Charlotte Lindley, of Brantford, England. Mr. Owens received his education in the schools of his native parish; and afterwards adopted commerce as his profession. In 1861 he joined his brother in partnership, under the firm name of T. & W. Owens, and they have since carried on an extensive business as merchants and forwarders, until 1887, when Mr. Owens retired from business. Mr. Owens was an officer in the active militia from 1863 to 1883, and retired with the rank of captain. For many years he held the position of postmaster of Chatham, and also filled several terms as councillor, and latterly as mayor, of the township of Chatham. In 1881 he entered political life, and at the general election of that year was returned to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec province, as representative of his native county. At the general election held in 1886 he was again elected for Argenteuil, this time by acclamation. In politics Mr. Owens is a Conservative; and in religion is an adherent of the Church of England. He is a widower.

Taschereau, Hon. Henry T., B.L., B.C.L., Montreal, Judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, was born in the city of Quebec, on the 6th October, 1841. He is the son of the Hon. Jean Thomas Taschereau, late one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the Dominion, who, after being on the bench for nineteen years, was forced to resign his position in consequence of ill-health, in October, 1878. His grandfather, Hon. Jean Thomas Taschereau, was in his lifetime one of the puisne judges of the Court of Queen’s Bench of Lower Canada, and his grandmother, Marie Panet, was a daughter of the Hon. Jean Panet, first speaker of the House of Assembly for Quebec province, which he held for twenty consecutive years. Judge Taschereau, the subject of our sketch, is the fifth member of the Taschereau family who have sat on the bench of the province of Quebec, or of the dominion of Canada, and is a nephew of his Eminence the Cardinal Archbishop of Quebec. The family is one of the oldest and most distinguished in that province, its founder in Canada having been Thomas Jacques, of Touraine, France, son of Christopher Taschereau, King’s counsellor, director of the mint, and treasurer of the city of Tours. This gentleman came to Canada about the beginning of the last century, was appointed treasurer of the marine, and in 1736 obtained the cession of a seigniory on the banks of the Chaudière river, Quebec province. Judge Taschereau was educated at the Quebec Seminary, and at Laval University, and received from Laval the degree of B.L., in 1861, and B.C.L. in 1862. He took up law as a profession, and practised in Quebec, with marked success, until he was elevated to the bench, in 1878. He was at one time a member of the city council of Quebec, and represented the city on the North Shore Railway Board. In 1862 he edited the newspaper, Les Debats, and in 1863 was one of the editors of La Tribune, of Quebec. He entered active political life in 1863, and ran as candidate for the county of Dorchester in the Legislative Assembly of Canada, but failed to secure his election. In 1872 he was more successful, and was returned as member for Montmagny county to the House of Commons. In 1874 he again presented himself for election, and was returned by acclamation. In politics, he was a Liberal. Being possessed of good talents and fine culture, with a good judicial mind, he has already done credit to his family of eminent parents. He was first married to a daughter of E. L. Pacaud, advocate of Arthabaska, on the 22nd June, 1864, and has a family of nine children. After the death of his first wife (Nov., 1883), he married in April, 1885, Mrs. Marie Masson, widow, of Montreal, sister-in-law of ex-Lieut.-Governor Masson. No children by last marriage.

McLachlan, Alexander, Erin, Ontario, was born at the Brig o’ Johnston, Scotland, in the year 1820. He is the son of a mechanic, and has had few of the advantages to be derived from a liberal education, yet from boyhood he was a great reader, and thus became acquainted with the works of the principal British authors. In early life he was apprenticed to a tailor, and worked at his trade for many years. In this way he fostered his inborn love of song, as few occupations are more conducive to the growth of poetic sentiment than a mechanical movement of the fingers, which leaves thought free to soar to heights that idleness could never hope to attain. In early life he became connected with the Chartist movement, but afterwards changed his views. In 1840 he emigrated to Canada, and, for a short time, made his home in the wild-wood; but since appearing before the public as an author and lecturer, he has resided at Erin, Wellington county, Ontario. The height of Mr. McLachlan’s ambition is to be to Canada what Burns was to Scotland: the poet of the people; and in this, we think, he has succeeded thus far. We cannot say that a greater than he may not appear in the future; but we have not yet seen any volume of Canadian verse equal to his in the simplicity that goes to the heart of the poor and lowly. In this respect he meets a want of the community, and occupies a position of honor that a poet of higher culture might vainly aspire to fill. It does not fall to the lot of every man to receive an education that will enable him to appreciate the classic beauties of a “Mulvaney” or a “Roberts,” or the chaste imagery of a “Maclean”; nor has nature gifted everyone with the “wild wealth of imagination” (we quote Collins) that would lead him to revel in the love-songs, of a “Caris Sima”; but what Canadian farmer, with a soul large enough to survive the transit to another sphere, would not feel the pathos of the lines that he writes on the death of his ox. This poem, though faulty in construction, brings the trials and sufferings of the early settler so graphically before the reader that it is impossible for us to overlook it. We quote the following lines:

And again he writes,

The reader of these lines, perhaps, at the moment, a judge of the supreme court, a member of parliament, or a minister of the Gospel, will instantly look back to his boyhood’s days and see the meek-eyed oxen standing before the log-cabin door, from which issues the form of his father, bearing a long slender switch, which he twirls round in front of the gentle animals as he says “haw, Buck, gee, Bright”; and again he will see them struggling in the yoke, their wide-spreading horns clashing together as they draw the great logs into a heap for the burning; and seeing the result of the early settlers’ efforts in the magnificent stretches of cleared land, and waving fields of grain, he will sing, with our poet, in patriotic strain:

It is, though portrayed in the humblest language, a very pathetic picture he draws of “Old Hannah,” poor old woman, husband and children all gone, sitting, on the Sabbath morn, on the doorstep of her desolate home, with her Bible on her knee, looking as sweetly patient as only those purified by affliction can look, and silently teaching us to thank God for the suffering that alone can fit us for the kingdom of heaven. We quote these lines:

For his poem, “Halls of Holyrood,” Mr. McLachlan, in a world-wide competition, won the prize offered some years ago by the Glasgow Workman newspaper, for a national song for Scotland. In 1863 he was appointed by the Canadian government to lecture throughout Great Britain in favor of emigration to Canada. He has also lectured in the principal Canadian towns and villages on various subjects. He speaks with much earnestness and simplicity. As a poet, we would say, Mr. McLachlan has written many pretty musical pieces, while all his work evinces much force, fervor, and simplicity. Here is a line of great beauty that he gives birth to when he speaks of the humming bird as

And here is a pretty stanza from “Indian Summer”:

Here our poet has left the logging-field and is enjoying the beauties of nature, while giving more attention to the rhythmic tone of the muse. We understand that Mr. McLachlan is now writing for Grip, and we have seen some lines of his entitled “May Song” which, as a lyric, is far in advance of his previous work. We give the first stanza:

Here is good word-painting, and shows what heights our poet is capable of attaining. We would say, in conclusion, that we think Mr. McLachlan should be looked upon as a benefactor to his country, in that he has thrown a halo over the humblest home. Well would it be, for those who are seized with the “brick and mortar craze” of the present day, to pause and read “The Old Settler’s Address to his Old Log House,” before he lays the foundation stone of the new brick mansion that too often leads to ruin, and sometimes to disgrace.

O’Connor, Hon. John, Q.C., Puisne Judge of the Divisional Court of Queen’s Bench, who died at Cobourg, on the 3rd November, 1887, was of Irish descent. His parents, both of whom were named O’Connor, were representatives of two distinct branches of that family, and emigrated in 1823 from Kerry to Boston, Massachusetts, where deceased was born, in January, 1824. Four years later his parents removed to Canada, and settled in Essex county, Ontario, where he grew to manhood. When about nineteen years of age he sustained an accident which materially influenced his future career. While cutting timber on his father’s farm a heavy tree fell upon him, jambing one of his legs in the brushwood. Young O’Connor struggled hard to liberate the limb, but failed, and as night was fast approaching, and a biting frost prevailed, he feared he might be frozen to death. There was no hope of assistance. Under these desperate circumstances the young fellow took out his jackknife, cut off the limb, and crawled to his home over the snow, bleeding profusely. This disabled the future judge for manual labor, and from that date he devoted all his energies to study. Mr. O’Connor was called to the bar in 1854, settled down to practice in Windsor, and was successful, not only in gaining a profitable business, but in acquiring a good deal of local influence, political and otherwise. He was also a member of the Michigan bar. He filled the offices of reeve of Windsor, warden of Essex, and chairman of the Windsor School Board. In politics, he was a Conservative, and in religion a Roman Catholic. Mr. O’Connor represented Essex in the Canadian Assembly for a short period, and he was member of the same constituency in the House of Commons from 1867 to 1873, being one of Sir John Macdonald’s cabinet from 1872 till it resigned in 1873. Defeated in Essex in 1874, he was out of Parliament until 1878, when he was elected for Russell county, and again became a member of the Conservative government, holding the portfolios successively of president of the Council, postmaster-general, and secretary of state. From the cabinet he went to the bench, having been a judge of the Ontario Queen’s Bench since September, 1884.

Moffat, William, Treasurer of the county of Renfrew, Pembroke, Ontario, was born on the 29th November, 1825, in Haddingtonshire, Scotland. His father, Alexander Moffat, came to Pembroke in 1840, and laid out the village (now town) of Pembroke. He was its first postmaster, and subsequently became an extensive mill owner. In his day he was a leading Reformer, and was on one occasion nominated by his party to represent it in the Legislative Council, but declined the honor. Mr. Moffat’s mother was Margaret Dickson Purvis, who died in 1834. Mr. Moffat, the subject of our sketch, is the eldest son of this worthy couple, and received his education in Bytown, now Ottawa. He worked with his father in his mills in the section of country where the family had settled, and which was then an almost unbroken wilderness, until he was twenty-three years of age, when he began the lumber business, and carried this on until 1865; and from that year he conducted his father’s business, which consisted of flour and woollen mills, until his death, on the 7th of April, 1872, when he, with his brother Alexander, continued the business, to which they have added oatmeal and saw mills, until 1878. The mills were on the site on which his father first built in 1840. Mr. Moffat has in his day taken an active interest in municipal affairs. He was reeve of the township of Pembroke for the years 1871 to 1874; and during 1872 to 1876 he was warden of the county of Renfrew. In 1875 and ’76 he occupied the position of reeve of the village of Pembroke; and he was also the first mayor of the town of Pembroke, holding that office in 1877 and 1878. In January, 1885, he was appointed treasurer for the county of Renfrew, and this office he continues to fill to the satisfaction of his fellow citizens. He was the projector of the Kingston and Pembroke Railway, and was one of its first directors. He is a member of the Masonic order. In politics he is a Reformer, and twice carried the standard of his party through political contests—one for the Dominion parliament and one for the Ontario legislature—but unfortunately was unsuccessful on both occasions. In religion he is a member of the Presbyterian church. In 1849 he was married to Isabella Ambrose Kennedy, who came from Dumfriesshire, Scotland.

Ouimet, Hon. Aldric Joseph, Lieutenant-Colonel, LL.B., Q.C., Montreal, M.P. for Laval County, and Speaker of the House of Commons at Ottawa, was born at Ste. Rose, Laval county, on the 20th May, 1848. He belongs to one of the oldest families in the district of Montreal, they having settled there over a century ago. His father was Michel Ouimet, a justice of the peace, and his mother, Elizabeth St. Louis Filiatrault. Hon. Mr. Ouimet was educated at the Seminary of St. Therese de Blainville, and graduated a LL.B. at Victoria College, Cobourg, Ontario, in 1869. He studied law in the office of Edmund Barnard, in Montreal, and was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1870, and since that period he has successfully practised his profession in Montreal, being the head of the law firm of Ouimet, Cornellier and Emard. On the 11th October, 1880, he was appointed a Queen’s counsel. In 1874, he was elected a member of the Board of Roman Catholic School Commissioners for Montreal, and has ever since taken a direct interest in educational matters. He is now a director of the Montreal City and District Savings Bank, and of the Credit Foncier Franco-Canadién; and president of the Laval Agricultural Society. A number of years ago he joined the volunteer movement, and was promoted to a captaincy in the Mount Royal Rifles. He is now lieutenant-colonel of the 65th battalion of rifles, and as such commanded his battalion throughout the North-West campaign in 1885. He did good service to his country in the Edmonton district, by pacifying the Indians, and persuading the Half-breeds to support the Dominion government. He is chairman of the council of the Dominion Rifle Association. He was first returned to the Dominion parliament in November, 1873, to his present seat, in place of the Hon. Joseph Hyacinthe Bellerose, who was called to the Senate in October of that year, and was re-elected by the same constituency by acclamation in 1874, 1878, and 1882. He was again elected at the general elections held in 1887. He was unanimously chosen speaker of the House of Commons on the 13th April, 1887, and now fills that high office with dignity and impartiality. Hon. Mr. Ouimet is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and was returned as an independent supporter of Sir John A. Macdonald’s administration. He is a thorough Canadian, and has great faith in the future of Canada and of the Canadian nation. He supports a protective tariff, and any other well-devised scheme for the improvement of the country. In 1882 he voted for commercial independence. He seems to have at an early period of his life struck out for himself an independent career, and thus far he has succeeded. On the 30th July, 1874, he was married to Theresa, daughter of Alfred La Rocque, of Montreal, by Emelie Berthelot, and the fruit of the union has been four children.

Whelan, Hon. Edward, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.—The late Hon. Edward Whelan was born of humble parents, in the county of Mayo, Ireland, in the year 1824, and having received a fair common school education, when quite a boy he emigrated to Nova Scotia, and apprenticed himself to the Hon. Joseph Howe as a printer. At the age of nineteen he came to Prince Edward Island, and commenced writing for some of the public newspapers, and the brilliancy and force of his articles soon brought him into public notice, and shortly afterwards he assumed the editorship of a newspaper called The Palladium, in which the cause of the tenantry was ably espoused, and the foundation laid for a vigorous campaign, which resulted in the establishment of the present system of responsible government, and the abolition of the rental system, which was then as obnoxious to the people of Prince Edward Island as it is at present to the people of his native land. At the early age of twenty-one years, looking but a mere boy, he was elected to represent the second district of Kings county in the local legislature, and shortly afterwards having, in conjunction with the Hon. George Coles, succeeded in obtaining responsible government for the province, was chosen a member of the first government formed under the new constitution, and was co-leader with Mr. Coles for several years; when, finding that his position as a member of the Executive Council interfered with his freedom in discussing public questions, he retired from the council, retaining the office of Queen’s printer. His ready pen and eloquent tongue were ever ready to defend the causes he had espoused, and sometimes he would reply to the attacks of his opponents with such keen severity, that, feeling their inability to cope with him in a paper warfare, he was dragged into the courts on charges of defamation of character. And his eloquent and able defence before the court on one of those occasions won for him the admiration of the judges, lawyers, and all who heard him, convincing not only the court and jury, but all who heard or read his eloquent address to them, that he was no slanderer, but only an exponent of public wrongs. He continued to represent the second district of Kings county for over twenty years, during which time his popularity never abated. When the confederation of the British provinces was proposed, he warmly espoused the project, sincerely believing that its accomplishment would materially add to the prosperity and development of his adopted country; and although the party with whom he formerly worked were for the most part opposed to the scheme, and although he knew that the project was held in small favour by the great majority of his constituents, he nevertheless openly advocated what his honest convictions assured him was for their true welfare, although at the expense of his present popularity and interest. And now, after a lapse of over twenty years, the province almost unanimously acknowledges that he was not only honest and sincere in his criticisms, but right in his judgment, and a movement is on foot to erect a statue to his memory in the principal square in Charlottetown. He was one of the delegates to the Quebec convention for the confederation of the provinces, where he made many friends, and did credit to himself and the province he represented. The “Canadian Biographical Dictionary” of 1881 contains the following tribute to his worth:—“Amongst the most noted statesmen and orators in Prince Edward Island fifteen and thirty years ago was Edward Whelan. A self-taught man and sagacious politician, at the age of eighteen he came to the island, and shortly afterwards entered upon a brilliant career of journalism, having great power with the pen, and wielding it on the side of the people. In the local parliament, of which he was a member for a score of years, he was a great power, the premier part of the time, and one of the most courageous spokesmen of his party (the Liberal at all times). Few men in this province, living or dead, have done more service in getting important measures through parliament and extending civil liberty through the island. . . . Mr. Whelan was a Roman Catholic, and his death is reported to have been the triumph of faith.” The following is an extract from a speech by J. C. Underhay, M.P.P., at a meeting at Morell Bear in the fall of 1886, in advocacy of erecting a monument to his memory:—“No marble monument is needed to perpetuate the memory of Edward Whelan in this province. Our free schools, free lands, and self-government, with the well-tilled fields and comfortable homes, which all over the province have taken the place of the rude structures and neglected farms of the rent paying era, are all monuments to his memory more lasting than freestone or marble. But the people of Prince Edward Island need to erect a monument to his memory to tell to future generations that we, who were the immediate recipients of the benefits his patriotic heart, his gifted intellect, and his eloquent tongue secured for us, are not ungrateful for or forgetful of the great benefits he was so largely instrumental in securing for this province.” In 1851 Mr. Whelan married Mary Major, daughter of George Hughes, of the commissariat department at Halifax, by whom he had two daughters, who died some time previous to his own decease, which took place on the 10th of December, 1867. He had one son, a promising young man, who perished by the upsetting of a boat in Charlotte Harbor on the 1st of July, 1875, casting a deep gloom over the city, and so adding to the bereaved wife and mother’s already overflowing cup of affliction, that the chief justice was heard to say on the occasion that if ever there was a time when the miracle of raising the widow’s son could be fitly repeated it was then. His widow is still living, and, in consideration of the great public services rendered to the country by her husband, receives an annual grant from the legislature. Her whole existence seems to be wrapt up in the memory of her departed husband, and the one great desire of her life is to live to see a suitable monument erected to his memory.

Underhay, John Collier, Farmer and Land Surveyor, Bay Fortune, M.P.P. for Kings, First District, was born at Bay Fortune, in Kings county, in the province of Prince Edward Island, on the 15th of January, 1829. He is the only surviving son of William Underhay, who emigrated to Prince Edward Island from Devonshire, England, in the year 1818, and married Marianne Withers, daughter of James Withers, of the Commissariat department, Somerset, England, and sister to J. C. Withers, the present Queen’s printer of Newfoundland. The first months of their married life were spent in one of the houses on Lord Townshend’s estate, which Captain Marryat gives an account of the building of for the Irish emigrants. It was first occupied by Pat. Pierce, who murdered Abel, the steward or agent, at whose place the officers of the ship in which the “naval officer” sailed stayed while Lord Townshend was settling his new tenants on his estate, the nearest part of which was only about a mile and a half from the harbor where the warship was lying, and close to which the agent, Edward Abel, lived. After several removals, each one diminishing the stock of money brought from the old country, until it was about exhausted, they settled on the land which now comprises the premises where the subject of this sketch was born, and now resides. He received there a good common school education, and he completed his studies with Robert Blacke Irving, who was then one of the best mathematicians in the province. Having at a very early age closely identified himself with the party who was contending for responsible government, free schools, and free lands. At the age of twenty-four years he was appointed a justice of the peace, the youngest person ever appointed to that office in the province. Some years after he was appointed a commissioner of the court for the trial of small debts at Bay Fortune, and occupied the position of presiding judge in that court until those courts gave place to the present county courts. In 1868 he connected himself with the Independent Order of Good Templars, and in 1870 was elected grand chief of the province, a position which he has since filled for two successive terms. In May, 1884, he was a delegate to the Washington session of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge, and was placed on several important committees; and has ever since his connection with the order taken a leading part in the temperance movement. In 1874, he contested, unsuccessfully, the first legislative council district of Kings county, but in 1879 he was returned to represent the first district of Kings county in the House of Assembly. At the general election in 1882 he contested the second district unsuccessfully; but at the next general election, in 1886, he was returned for that district, which he now represents, in conjunction with the leader of the government. He was formerly a Liberal in politics, but lately has allied himself with the Liberal-Conservatives, whom he thinks more fully represent the principles of the old Liberal party of his province. As a justice of the peace Mr. Underhay has demonstrated more successfully than any other officer in the province that the Canada Temperance Act was workable in all its provisions, and only wanted public sympathy and support to make it effectual in the suppression of the liquor traffic. He has been the presiding magistrate in over fifty suits for violation of its provisions, and not one of these has been set aside or judgment reversed by subsequent legal proceedings. During the survey for the Prince Edward Island Railway, he suggested several alterations as to location, which time has demonstrated, and it is now generally conceded, would have been great improvements had they been adopted, and would have materially added to the utility of the line. He, however, succeeded, in opposition to the official engineers, in getting the present line through Souris to the Breakwater—a route which, although universally admitted to be the best, was declared by the engineers in charge to be impracticable. This route has proved to be not only by far the most convenient, but the cheapest to construct. He was brought up a member of the Church of England, but living amidst a Presbyterian community, he is a regular attendant and supporter of the Presbyterian church, and has for over fifteen years held the offices of secretary and treasurer to the congregation. He took an active and leading part in the erection of the new church at Bay Fortune. He has been a trustee for the school district in which he resides continuously for nearly a quarter of a century; and on every occasion that he was a candidate for a seat in the legislature he received an almost unanimous vote from the settlers for several miles around, without regard to political or other party distinction. He is taking a leading part in the present movement for the erection of a monument to perpetuate the memory of the late Hon. E. Whelan, who, in conjunction with the Hon. G. Coles, obtained for the province self-government, free schools and free lands, and many other liberal reforms. On the 17th September, 1856, Mr. Underhay was married to Rosaline, daughter of the late Hon. James Craswell, M.L.C., a descendant of Sir Edward Craswell.

Read, John, Secretary-Treasurer and Manager of the Stratford Gas and Electric Light Company, Stratford, Ontario, was born in South Petherton, Somersetshire, England, on the 20th August, 1838. His parents were John and Susan Read. He received his education in his native parish, and also attended for a short time Billing’s Academy, near where he was born, receiving a very meagre education, having to leave school when only thirteen years of age to accompany his parents to America. Shortly after his coming to Ontario, in February, 1852—he having arrived in Canada in September, 1851—he was apprenticed to the late Mark Holmes, in London, to learn the trade of carriage-making; and having faithfully served his time and worked some time as a journeyman, he removed to Stratford in May, 1862, which city he made his place of abode. In 1865 he entered into partnership with John Humphrey, and they carried on the business of carriage and waggon makers for some years. In 1875 he became a building contractor, and continued as such until 1883, when he abandoned business, and accepted the position of secretary-treasurer and manager of the Stratford Gas and Electric Light Company, which office he still holds. Mr. Read has been in public life for about twenty years, and has held during that time the various offices of councillor, reeve, and public and high school trustee. He has always taken a great interest in the improvement of the city, and worked hard to secure for it a public cemetery, under one management, in which the remains of both Protestants and Catholics may be consigned to mother earth. He also took an active part in the erection of the high and public school buildings, which are a credit to the young city of Stratford. Mr. Read belongs to the order of Oddfellows, and is a past representative of that body. He is a Conservative in politics, and has held for several years the office of president of the Conservative Association of Stratford. He, too, has been president of the North Perth Agricultural Society, and while he held office the new fair grounds were purchased and buildings erected thereon. In religion he is an adherent of the Methodist church. He was married on the 1st September, 1874, to Mary E. Taylor, whose parents are of Irish descent, and live in Ohio, United States.

Pope, Hon. Joseph, ex-Auditor and Manager of the Savings Bank, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 20th June, 1803, at Turnchapel, Devon, England. His father was Thomas Pope, of Padstow, Cornwall, England, and his mother, Annie Hase, of Barnstaple, Devon, England. His grandfather was a substantial yeoman, who occupied his own estate. Joseph was the sixth and youngest son, and his brothers almost all distinguished themselves in their professions and callings. He received his education at West Hore, parish of Plymstock, Devon, England, and landed in Prince Edward Island in 1819, one year later than his brothers, William and John, who had established themselves there as merchants and shipowners. John returned to England in 1823, and William in 1828, leaving Joseph to carry on the business on his own account at Bedeque, where he afterwards remained for thirty-two years. In 1830 he was elected to represent Prince county in the Legislative Assembly, and occupied a seat in the house for twenty-three consecutive years, during which period he was twice speaker for two full terms. In June, 1839, he was appointed to a seat in the Executive Council, and in 1851, upon the introduction of responsible government, was reappointed to the Executive Council, and appointed treasurer of the island. In 1831 he was appointed a justice of the peace; in 1832, a commissioner for taking special bail, and for the recovery of small debts; also a sub-collector of customs, and collector of inland revenue at Bedeque; in 1833, a deputy receiver of land tax for Prince Edward Island; in 1837, a high sheriff of Prince county; in 1843, a commissioner under the Act for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors; in 1842, a commissioner for managing public shares in Steamboat Company; and in 1844, a commissioner of Oyer and Terminer. In 1838, the Hon. Mr. Pope was sent to Canada, with the Hon. J. H. Howland, Joseph Howe, Sir William Young, Dr. Dalrymple, and others, to confer with Lord Durham regarding federal union, and he received the special approbation of His Majesty William IV., for upholding the laws of the colony. In 1847, with the Hon. Edward Palmer (now chief justice), he was sent by the inhabitants with a petition to Her Majesty, signed by four thousand two hundred electors, and approved of by the legislature, praying for the removal of Lieut.-Governor Huntley; and whilst in England, he conferred with Lord Gray with regard to the introduction of responsible government, of which he was always an ardent advocate. On his return to the island with Sir Donald Campbell (a new governor), he received the thanks of the Assembly and people. As a member of the Assembly, he originated the erection of the Colonial Building, and obtained, through the influence of Lady Mary Fitzroy, a grant from the Imperial government towards the erection of an insane asylum. With Dr. Dalrymple, he obtained a satisfactory settlement of the glebe lands, and was chiefly instrumental in bringing in the Road Compensation Act. In 1838 he moved the resolution for the separation of the Legislative and Executive councils. In 1853, Hon. Mr. Pope resigned office, and was absent from the island for about fifteen years. In 1868 he returned, and in 1870 he was re-appointed to his old office of treasurer and manager of the Savings Bank. In 1873, after confederation, he was appointed by the Dominion government dominion auditor and manager of the Savings Bank, and his appointment was confirmed by order-in-council in November of the same year. But the Hon. Mr. Pope being a staunch Conservative, he was dismissed from this office by the Mackenzie government a few weeks after they came into power. However, he was almost immediately afterwards appointed provincial treasurer by the Island government, and two years later, commissioner of Crown and Public lands, which office he held until his reappointment as auditor and manager of the Savings Bank, in June, 1880. On the 30th of June, 1883, he retired from office, and has since resided at Summerville, Prince Edward Island. The Hon. Mr. Pope has for many years taken an interest in military affairs. As early as 1828, he was appointed captain in the Prince county militia; in 1837, he was major commanding; and in 1853, he was gazetted lieutenant-colonel. In religion, he is a member of the Church of England. He has been married three times, but had no children except by his first wife, Lucy, who was a daughter of Captain Colledge, of the First Royal Regiment of foot, of which the Duke of Kent was colonel. His only children, William Henry, and James Colledge, are both mentioned in this volume. He spent the year 1848 in Great Britain, and there married Eliza M. Cooke, of Liverpool, his present wife. In 1853 he fitted up a vessel and started for Australia, but owing to the sufferings of his wife from seasickness, had to abandon the voyage at Liverpool, where he then remained for the next fifteen years.

McCallum, George Alexander, M.D., Dunnville, Ontario, was born in Toronto, on the 23rd April, 1843. His parents were George McCallum, who was a native of Jedburgh, Scotland; and Jane Sangster, of London, England. The father’s family were of Highland origin, and the mother’s Lowland Scotch. Dr. McCallum was educated at Stouffville, Ontario, and at the age of seventeen, having gained a second-class certificate he began teaching school, and for two years taught at Ringwood, township of Markham. He then took up the study of medicine, under the late Dr. Andrew Lloyd, at Stouffville, and graduated M.D. at Victoria University, Cobourg, in 1866, and began the practice of his profession. He moved to Dunnville in 1868, since which time he has enjoyed a large practice. In 1882 Dr. McCallum entered political life and contested the county of Monck for a seat in the Dominion parliament, against Lachlan McCallum, but the county having been gerrymandered a short time before, he was defeated by a small majority. In 1887, at the general election of that year, the doctor again presented himself for parliamentary honors, but was defeated by Arthur Boyle. This time the county had been further manipulated by the new Franchise Act. He has always been a staunch Liberal; and in religion he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. Dr. McCallum was married to Flora Eakins, of Sparta, Ontario, on the 21st September, 1870, by whom four children have been born, two sons and two daughters.

Wallace, Rev. Robert, Pastor West Presbyterian Church, Toronto, was born on the 25th of April, 1820, at Castleblaney, county Monaghan, Ireland. His people were originally from Ayrshire, Scotland, and like the Ulster Presbyterians generally are called the Scotch-Irish. His father, Samuel Wallace, was in early manhood chosen as an elder, and long held a leading position in the church as such. For many years he acted as superintendent of a Sabbath school, and also conducted a prayer-meeting at his own house, where the young people were often examined in the Shorter and Brown’s catechisms. He was often sent for to visit the sick, and to draw up wills for the dying, and was the kind and sympathizing friend of the poor and afflicted, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant. He was greatly esteemed by all who knew him as a man of most loving and amiable disposition, and of great spirituality of mind, who held constant and intimate communion with his God and Saviour. Mr. Wallace’s mother, Agnes Stephenson, was born at Poyntzpass, county Armagh. Her brothers had as tutor a French officer of the old regime. Her elder brother, Robert, bought a commission as lieutenant in the regular army, and was shot in the battle of Coruna, under Sir John Moore, and died in London on his way home. Her younger brother, Thomas, was for some years a Presbyterian minister in Dublin, but died early. Robert, the subject of our sketch, was the youngest of four sons and five daughters. His father and family emigrated to Canada, in 1829, while he was still a little boy, and he attended school in Toronto for some time, his teacher being the late Mr. Barber, afterwards secretary of the School Board. The school was then called the Central School, on the corner of Adelaide and Jarvis streets, and it ultimately became the Collegiate Institute. His father purchased two hundred acres of college land, being No. 1, third concession East Chinguacousy, where Mr. Wallace lived some years, attending the public school there. He was early dedicated to the Gospel ministry by his father. When about twelve years of age he read the life of Rev. Levi Parsons, the first missionary to the Jews of Palestine sent out by the American Board from New England, and he then desired to be a missionary to the Jews of Palestine. But years after, when studying for the ministry, Rev. William Rintoul, of Streetsville, said to him that we needed all our young men for Canada, and he then resolved to give up that primary desire of his heart. Rev. Angus McColl, now of Chatham, Ontario, was the first of the Canadians who studied wholly in Canada for the Presbyterian ministry. He began in 1835. The Synod appointed Dr. John Rae, principal of the Grammar school at Hamilton, to take charge of any young men who might wish to study for the ministry. Mr. Wallace began his studies under Dr. Rae in February, 1838, and continued under his care during 1838, 1839, and 1840, taking the lead as head of the Grammar school most of the time (Mr. McColl taking lessons in private). During 1841 he studied with the Rev. Mr. Rintoul, of Streetsville, and Mr. Adam Simpson, of the Grammar school. In February, 1842, Queen’s College was opened, and Mr. Wallace, with six others, entered the theological classes under Rev. Dr. Liddell, principal, while also attending the Greek class under professor Campbell, along with John Mowat, now professor in Queen’s College. Mr. Wallace attended Queen’s College during three sessions, when, because of the disruption in Scotland, he and five others—that is six of the seven theological students—left Queen’s College and joined the Free Church of Canada, formed in June, 1844. Rev. Dr. Charles King, of Glasgow, was sent out by the Free Church as professor of theology in the new Free Church College at Toronto, called Knox College, after the heroic founder of the Church of Scotland. The synod appointed Rev. Henry Esson and Rev. William Rintoul to assist the Rev. Dr. King. The first session, 1844-5, was held in a small private house, the residence of Professor Esson, on James street, Toronto, and was attended by fourteen students. That was the last year of Mr. Wallace’s course. In April, 1845, he began his preaching tours over the land, and as the Rev. Mr. Rintoul wished the three young men who had finished their studies (Messrs. McColl, McKinnon and Wallace) to give at least a year to mission work, Mr. Wallace resolved to carry out his wishes, and he refused all calls to settle as a pastor until after fifteen months of most laborious work. The Rev. Mr. Rintoul advised him to accept the next call, as he saw that his health was breaking down with overwork and privation. During that time he travelled about six thousand miles on foot or on horseback, preached about four hundred times, and visited several hundred Presbyterian families scattered over the country from Kingston to Goderich. The roads were then in a primitive condition, and Mr. Wallace often travelled through rain and deep mud, his horse and himself covered with mud; and the fatigue was so great that he broke down several horses, and, at the same time, occasionally went without dinner in the new settlements. He thus organised or supplied in their earlier stages a large number of small congregations near Toronto, in Scarboro’, Markham, Vaughan, King, West Gwilliambury, Bradford, Inisfil, Chinguacousy, Toronto Township, Esquesing, Trafalgar, Oakville, etc., and a few times Stratford and other places up to Goderich, London Township and Westminster, besides preaching at Kingston, Belleville and places north of it. On the 15th July, 1846, Mr. Wallace was ordained at Keene, Otonabee, a place at that time very subject to fever and ague; and, as his constitution was very much run down, he was only three weeks there when he was stricken down by that disease till the close of the year 1847, when the doctor declared he was in danger of paralysis if he attempted to preach any more, and ordered him to return home and recruit. He remained at his mother’s during that winter, and regained his health, though with occasional symptoms of the old trouble. During the summer of 1848 he was sent by the Rev. Mr. Rintoul to take charge of the Free Church at the town of Niagara, a place free from malaria, and while there was greatly benefited. Towards the close of that summer he was advised to visit Ingersoll, and preach in a new church without a pastor. He did so, and was called and settled there in January, 1849. The congregation grew from being a handful of people to be a large, flourishing centre, and after some years the church had to be enlarged, which was done by erecting a gallery, without ventilators. The result was that soon after the re-opening, owing to the great heat from stove pipes meeting in front of the pulpit, Mr. Wallace took tonsillitis, or clergyman’s sore throat; and, after trying various remedies, was advised to resign his charge and visit Britain for the removal of his trouble. In January, 1860 he did so, and accepted the situation of agent for the French Canadian Missionary Society. In less than five months he collected over $4,000 for that mission in Canada, nearly double what had been collected the previous year. On the 30th June, 1860, he left for Britain, by the Allan steamer Hibernian. He collected in Scotland and England between $4,000 and $5,000, and introduced the mission among the higher classes in London, by addressing the annual soiree of the Evangelical Alliance, and getting subscriptions from such men as Lord Lawrence and the late Duke of Marlborough. He had reason to believe that he could have raised twice as much in an ordinary year; but that year about $1,500,000 had been contributed in England for three special objects—the famine stricken in India, the friends of the massacred Christians at Damascus and on Lebanon, and towards the sixty thousand silk weavers at Coventry, thrown out of employment by free trade with France. He also preached in Dr. Cooke’s church, Belfast, and got a grant of £100 a year from the Irish Presbyterian church, which was afterwards increased to £200 a year. After an absence of eleven months he arrived home on the 23rd of May, 1861, fully restored in health and vigor. He continued to labor for the French Canadian Mission till June, 1862, when he accepted a call to Thorold and Drummondville, where he labored for over five years. During that time the membership of the church at Thorold more than doubled, and at Drummondville was about trebled. In October, 1867, he received a call to West Church, Toronto, where he was inducted by the presbytery on the 6th November, 1867. Since then he has received about one thousand eight hundred into church fellowship, and a new, commodious and well-built brick church, seating about one thousand, has been erected, and a good work carried on. West Church has now a membership of about seven hundred and forty communicants. In February, 1839, while Mr. Wallace was a student at Hamilton, the late John Dougall, of Montreal, gave an address on the duty of Christians to give up the use of all intoxicants, in order to set an example to others, and thus prevent them from becoming drunkards—on the principle set forth by the great apostle in Romans 14th, and 1st Corinthians, 8th chapter. Mr. Wallace at once accepted the principle, and took the total abstinence pledge, and ever since it has been one of the chief aims of his life to promote the cause of temperance, through total abstinence, as the only effective way of preventing drunkenness. He often lectured, even while a student, and still more frequently since, and several times he has published sermons and pamphlets on the subject, such as “Temperance from the Bible Standpoint,” while labouring, as a member of the executive of the Ontario Temperance and Prohibitory League, to secure the Scott Act, which was carried at Ottawa as the result of a petition signed by about five hundred thousand persons. While residing at Ingersoll he leavened the county of Oxford with his views, and thus prepared the way for the Scott Act there. A few years ago he was appointed to prepare a tract for the executive of the Ontario Alliance, entitled, “The Lesson of Statistics; or, Facts and Figures on the Temperance Question,” five thousand copies of which were circulated. Since then he read a paper, by request, before the Toronto Ministerial Association, on “The Scriptural Argument for Prohibition,” which was published, by request, in the Canada Citizen, the organ of the Alliance. He also wrote, “The Scott Act and Prohibition the Hope of Canada,” published by the Methodist Book Room. Soon after the confederation of the provinces, Mr. Wallace wrote a pamphlet entitled “The New Dominion,” giving a description of the several provinces, with their various characteristics and resources. He has also written a good deal for The Presbyterian and other papers, on Missions, the Sabbath, etc. His life has been a very busy one, a hard worker, working generally twelve to fifteen hours a day ever since he entered on his course of studies for the ministry. He has received about three thousand into church membership, and supplied or fostered a large number of stations in their earlier stages. He has several times been moderator of his own presbytery, at London, Hamilton, and Toronto, and has been honored by his brethren by being made president of the Toronto General Ministerial Association, and also president of the Toronto Presbyterian Ministerial Association. He was married at Ingersoll, Ontario, on the 3rd September, 1850, to Marianne Barker. Mr. Wallace had only one son, now the Rev. F. H. Wallace, M.A., B.D., born at Ingersoll, county of Oxford, on the 5th of September, 1851. He has had a very brilliant career as a student. After studying some years at the High School of Drummondville, Niagara Falls, he came out “head boy” of Upper Canada College in 1869, carrying off the Governor-General’s prize, and several other prize books. During his course at Toronto University, he held the three first scholarships in classics, modern languages, and general proficiency, and when he graduated he obtained the gold medal in classics. He took part of his theological course in Knox College, Toronto, and studied two sessions at Drew Theological Seminary, New Jersey, where he took his degree of B.D. Then he went to Germany, and spent the session of 1876-77 at Leipsic University. He has since been in the Methodist ministry in Toronto, Cobourg and Peterboro’. He has lately been appointed professor of New Testament Exegesis in Victoria University, Cobourg. Mr. Wallace had only one daughter who grew up to maturity. She held a first position all through her course of study, and was married in December, 1879, to Rev. Donald Tait, of Berlin, Ontario, and died in September, 1881, greatly beloved, leaving one little boy behind her, Francis Wallace Tait, who, through the kindness of his father, is still left with his grandparents.

Dobell, Richard Reid, Timber Merchant, Quebec, was born in 1837, at Liverpool, England. His father, George Dobell, was a successful tradesman in Liverpool, and well known for his strict integrity and stern independence. Richard Dobell, the subject of our sketch, secured his education at the Liverpool College, and came out to Quebec in August, 1857. For many years he carried on the business of timber merchant, under the name of Richard Dobell & Co.; but since 1885 the firm has been conducted under the title of Dobell, Beckett & Co., with a branch house in London, England. Mr. Dobell has always been deeply interested in the trade and prosperity of Quebec. He served as president of the Board of Trade, and was delegated by the Dominion Board of Trade to organize a conference in London to consider the advisability of a closer fiscal policy between Great Britain and her colonies. He is a member of the Executive Council of the Imperial Federation League in London, and is a firm advocate of a closer union being established between all the British colonies. He has been a member of the Quebec Harbor Commission since it was re-organized by the government, and was mainly instrumental in the construction of the Louise basin and docks. He is a Conservative in politics; and in religion a member of the Church of England. He is married to Elizabeth Frances, eldest daughter of Sir David MacPherson, and has three sons and two daughters.

Carrier, Charles William, Manufacturer, Lévis, province of Quebec, was born at St. Henri de Lauzon, county Lévis, on the 20th January, 1839. He was one of the first pupils of the College of Lévis, having entered that institution in the year it was founded. He went through the usual course of studies, and showed himself one of the brightest pupils of the school. In 1855 he took a situation as clerk in the commercial house of L. & A. Carrier, where he remained six years, gaining the highest step in the ladder by hard work, integrity, and attention to business. In 1861 he opened a store on his own account, and in a few years was at the head of an extensive business. In the year 1864, a young mechanic, of Lévis, Mr. Lainé, asked Mr. Carrier to give him the help of his experience and money to establish an iron foundry in Lévis. Many a less enterprising or more timid man would have refused, under the specious plea that he was doing a prosperous business, and could see no reason why he should abandon a sure trade to embark into a risky undertaking. Not so with Mr. Carrier; he saw at a glance that the enterprise had a good chance of success, would be the means of giving employment to a large number of people, and enthusiastically concentrated all his skill and interest in the advancement of the town of Lévis. Time amply proved that he was right in his surmises. In 1872, eight years after its foundation, the small foundry had grown up to the immense “Carrier-Lainé” works, known all over the country. In this undertaking Mr. Carrier gave the full measure of his capabilities as a business man and manager. When he thought of establishing this new industry the building of wooden ships, which had been almost the sole support of the working population, was in the wane, so much so, in fact, that the question was anxiously asked how the deserted ship-yards were to be again put in operation, and what would be the outcome of the enforced idleness of willing workers. Mr. Carrier came just in time to raise the courage of the inhabitants of Lévis and put new life into trade. He had to create and organize everything. After twenty years of ceaseless toil he has succeeded in gathering as good a gang of iron workers as can be found in the province, and to-day the Carrier-Lainé works are among the first in the Dominion in extent, perfected machinery, and finish and solidity of work. Besides making a financial success of his enterprise, Mr. Carrier has earned the gratitude of his countrymen, for having opened the doors of his works to the aspiring youth desirous to learn. In a country where industrial schools are in an embryo state, it is opportune to recall to the memory of those who will come after us the name of the man who was the first to open new avenues to the young generation. The Carrier-Lainé workshop has been a nursery from which have issued mechanics of all kinds, who are eagerly sought after in all the great centres of industry. How many families owe the future of their children to this good man? Mr. Carrier was beloved by his employees, chiefly on account of the interest he took in their welfare. For each and every one of them he had a word of encouragement or a good advice. Unlike the majority of employers who have become wealthy, he knew and instinctively felt that a little consideration to an employee at the right time is never out of place. In times of depression he never closed his works, even temporarily. “Profits are not large these times,” he would say, “but my workmen earn a living, and I am glad of it.” Such an example might be advantageously followed in many quarters. In the midst of his numerous occupations, Mr. Carrier found time to devote himself to everything tending to better the condition of the working classes. He was one of the founders of the Permanent Building Society of Lévis, and of the Loan and Investment Society of Quebec, having been a director of the latter company from its foundation until his death. Since 1870 he held a seat in the Council of Arts and Manufactures, over which he presided for two years. He devoted both his time and wealth to acts of charity and works of public interest. In 1882 he gave the town of Lévis a bronze statue of its founder, which is erected in Deziel square, and the municipal authorities have had the name of the generous donor engraved on the pedestal of the monument. Worn out by incessant labour, Mr. Carrier went to California to improve his health, but after a few months sojourn in that country he returned to his home, where he died on the 18th of September, 1887. In 1864 Mr. Carrier was married to Henriette Camille, the only daughter of Louis Carrier, who was the first mayor of Lévis, and occupied that position for seven consecutive years.

Sedgewick, Robert, Q.C., Barrister, Halifax, Nova Scotia, is a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Aberdeen on the 10th May, 1848. His father, the Rev. Robert Sedgewick, D.D., was born in Paisley, Scotland, was a minister of the United Presbyterian church, and for several years pastor of the U. P. Belmont street Church, Aberdeen. In 1849 he came to Nova Scotia, and was inducted as the minister of the congregation of Musquodoboit, where he died in 1885. His wife was Anne Middleton, a native of Perth, Scotland. The Rev. Dr. Sedgewick was the author of several works, which at the time of their publication attracted considerable attention; among others, that on “The Proper Sphere and Influence of Women in Christian Society;” “Amusements for Youth,” and “The Papacy: the Idolatry of Rome.” His eldest son, the Rev. Thomas Sedgewick, of Tatamagouche, N.S., a graduate of King’s College, Aberdeen, was, in the year 1886, the moderator of the Synod of the Presbyterian church in the Maritime provinces, and is a leading member of that communion. Robert Sedgewick entered as an undergraduate at Dalhousie College, Halifax, N.S., in November, 1863, where he obtained the degree of B.A. in May, 1867. In 1868, he commenced the study of the law in the office of the late John Sandfield Macdonald, premier of Ontario, at Cornwall, and in November, 1872, he was called to the bar of Ontario. He was admitted by Act of Parliament to the bar of Nova Scotia in May, 1873, in which province he has since practised his profession. In 1880 he was made a Queen’s counsel by the Dominion government. In 1885 he was appointed and now holds the office of recorder of the city of Halifax. In 1874 he unsuccessfully contested the county of Halifax in the Conservative interest for the local legislature. He was for four years an alderman of the city of Halifax, and for two terms he was a commissioner of schools for the same city. He was for several years president of the Alumni Association of Dalhousie College, and is now a governor of that university. He is also lecturer on Equity-Jurisprudence in connection with the Dalhousie Law School. In 1886 he was vice-president of the Nova Scotia Barristers’ Society, and he is now a member of its council. He was for some years secretary of the North British Society and was eventually its president. Mr. Sedgewick is a Presbyterian in religion and a Liberal-Conservative in politics. He is at present the senior member of the legal firm of Sedgewick, Ross, and Sedgewick, Halifax, N.S. In 1873 he married Mary Sutherland Mackay, eldest daughter of the late William Mackay, of Halifax, N.S.

Sangster, Charles, Kingston, Ontario, was born 16th July, 1822, at the Navy Yard, Point Frederick, Kingston. His father, who was a shipwright at a naval station on one of the upper lakes, died before his son was two years old. Mr. Sangster’s education was limited, so much so, indeed, that had he not studied zealously when he reached man’s estate, we could not probably now have included his name among our Canadian celebrities. At the age of fifteen he left school to seek employment, that he might aid in supporting his mother, and was received in the laboratory of Fort Henry during the rebellion of 1838. For ten years after this date he filled a humble position in the Ordnance office, Kingston. In 1849, seeing no prospect of promotion, he resigned and went to Amherstburg, where he edited the Courier until the death of its publisher, which event occurred in the following year. He then returned to Kingston, and filled the position of sub-editor of the Whig, which office he held till 1861, when he resigned. In 1864 he joined the staff of reporters for the Daily News, and in 1867 again resigned his post to enter the civil service at Ottawa. Through his writings, years ago, he established his claim to a place in the front rank of Canadian poets. In 1856 he published “The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay, and other poems.” Of this work, Mrs. Susanna Moodie says: “If the world receives them with as much pleasure as they have been read by me, your name will rank high among the gifted sons of song. If a native of Canada, she may well be proud of her bard, who has sung in such lofty strains the natural beauties of his native land;” while the London National Magazine remarks: “Well may the Canadians be proud of such contributions to their infant literature; well may they be forward to recognize his lively imagination, his bold style, and the fulness of his imagery. . . . There is much of the spirit of Wordsworth in this writer, only the tone is religious instead of being philosophical. . . . In some sort, and according to his degree, he may be regarded as the Wordsworth of Canada.” In 1860 he published “Hesperus, and other poems and lyrics.” In “Hesperus,” a legend of the stars, it is said: “The poet essays a lofty flight.” Why not? How otherwise could he obtain a firm grasp of his subject, a matter too little thought of by many of our poets who bring the accessories so prominently forward that the subject is in danger of being utterly eclipsed? Even so is it with this poem, “Hesperus.” Though Mr. Sangster took a high flight, aye, even to the stars, to grasp his subject—and though he may have grasped it in his own mind, he has failed to delineate it clearly. We think in writing this poem, Mr. Sangster has been unduly swayed by some critic who was in love with the misty style of verse-writing so popular at the present day, which is considered most beautiful when most incomprehensible, as he does not often err in this way. It would be well if the young aspirant for the laurel-wreath would remember that poetic words thrown together promiscuously, or even with some attempt at form; aye, even with a perfect lyrical ring, will not make poetry, any more than a number of lovely tints, all in perfect harmony, thrown upon canvas will make a picture. There must be form as well as harmony of color, and the subject must stand boldly out from the accessories. We like much of Mr. Sangster’s writing; besides being good descriptive verse, it recalls pleasant scenes, illustrative of the simple amusements of the earlier settlers of our country, when there were no lectures, concerts, etc., and folk spent their evenings at home, or at little rustic gatherings, such as described by our poet in the “Happy Harvesters.” We quote the following: —

We were once witnesses of a scene of this description, where an aged, white-haired son of “Auld Scotia” was called upon to make an osculatory impress upon the damask cheek of a maiden of sixteen summers, and when the performance was over, the octogenarian turned to the assembled multitude and said: “Aye, but isn’t that refreshing.” We do not agree with the writer of “Life and Times of Sir John A. Macdonald,” when he says, with ill-advised harshness, that Mr. Sangster’s verse “is not worth a brass farthing.” In 1856, when Mr. Sangster published his first volume, Canadian literature was in its infancy; and we have not yet advanced so far that we can afford to scoff at his unassuming efforts to aid in a good cause. We think (Mr. Collins to the contrary) that there is much of Mr. Sangster’s work that is worth a great deal, as all writing must be that tends to elevate the soul of man; and Mr. Sangster’s work, however faulty it may be as poetry, is decidedly elevating. There has in the past been much poetry written that is gross and sensual; let us turn our backs on that, and foster the pure and true, until our country has a poetic literature without spot or blemish. Mr. Sangster has written much good verse in aid of this achievement. His “Falls of the Chaudière” is very good, and we must do his ungenerous critic the justice to suppose that he never saw “The Light in the Window Pane,” or he could not have made such an uncalled-for assertion. We give the following: —

Pathos is the very soul of poetry, and here we have it in abundance. Who that has watched, night after night, when home returning, for the “Light in the Window-pane?”, who will not feel its power when he realizes, without any strain of imagination that the hand that placed it there is cold and dead? All is dark in the window-pane, and the darkness of desolation reigns in the heart of him who returns nightly to that doubly-desolate home. We cannot realize this and not feel that Mr. Sangster’s verse is well worthy of the place in Canadian literature that it has already won.

de La Bruère, Hon. Pierre Boucher, St. Hyacinthe, Speaker of the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec, was born in St. Hyacinthe, on the 5th of July, 1837. His father, Pierre Boucher de La Bruère, a physician, was a descendant of Pierre Boucher, at one time governor of Three Rivers under the French domination; and his mother was a descendant of an old French family of noble extraction, H. Boucher de La Broquerie. The ancestors of Hon. Mr. de La Bruère distinguished themselves during the war of 1812-13 between England and the United States, and the latter has still in his possession two flags presented to the battalion his grandfather, René B. de La Bruère, commanded, by Princess Charlotte of England, and the medal of Châteauguay, presented also to his grandfather by Queen Victoria. Mr. de La Bruère received his education at the College of St. Hyacinthe. In 1870 he was appointed prothonotary of the Superior Court for the district of St. Hyacinthe, and held the position until 1875, when he resigned to take the editorial chair of the Courier de St. Hyacinthe. He was one of the chief promoters of the Dairymen’s Association of the province of Quebec, and has been its president since its formation. The efforts he made to advance the interests of this industry in his province have been crowned with success, as it was amply proved when the association met in annual meeting at St. Hyacinthe, when the delegates received a right royal reception at the hands of their president. He was also one of the chief factors in the establishment of beet root sugar factories in Canada. In 1877 he was called to the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec; in March, 1882, Hon. Mr. Chapleau made him a member of his cabinet, and he was appointed Speaker, to which position he was re-appointed in January, 1887. Hon. Mr. de La Bruère is a lifelong Conservative, and has never flinched from his allegiance to the party. In his younger days he belonged to the active militia of Canada, and was lieutenant in the volunteer corps of St. Hyacinthe. He has written several historical and political pamphlets, among which may be mentioned “Le Canada sous le Domination Anglaise,” “Le Saguenay,” “De l’Education,” “L’Existence de l’homme,” “Le droit de tester,” and “L’Histoire de Saint Hyacinthe.” In January, 1861, he married Marie Victorine Leclère, daughter of the late Pierre Edouard Leclère, notary public.

Fulford, Francis, D.D., Lord Bishop of Montreal and Metropolitan of Canada, was born at Sidmouth on the 3rd of June, 1803. He was the second son of Baldwin Fulford, of Great Fulford, and came of an old English family who trace back their ancestry for more than six hundred years. He received the rudiments of his education at Tiverton, and entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1821, and in 1824 took his degree of B.A., and was elected a fellow of his college in the following year. In 1826, at Norwich cathedral, he was ordained deacon, and priest at Exeter cathedral on the 22nd of June, 1828. In 1830 he married Mary, daughter of Andrew Berkeley Drummond, of Cadland, Hants, and the lady Mary, daughter of John, second earl of Egmont, and sister of the Right Honorable Spencer Percival, first lord of the treasury, and prime minister of England, who was murdered by Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons. After filling successive curacies in two parishes, Francis Fulford became rector of Trowbridge, in Wiltshire, and there resided from 1832 to 1842, and at the request of the government acted, for several years, as a magistrate. In 1838 he received his degree of M.A., and was appointed chaplain to her Royal Highness the late Duchess of Gloucester. In 1842 he resigned the position of rector of Trowbridge, and accepted that of Croydon, in Cambridgeshire, where he remained until 1845, when he removed to Mayfair as minister of Curzon chapel. This appointment he held until selected by Her Majesty as the first bishop of the new diocese of Montreal. The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by the University of Oxford, and he was consecrated at Westminster Abbey on the 25th of July, 1850. On the 12th of September of the same year he, with his wife, and their son and daughter, arrived in Canada. At St. John’s he was met by the bishop of Quebec, and a number of the clergy and laity of Montreal. After divine service had been held in the parish church at St. Johns, an address of congratulation was presented by the clergy and churchwardens of the Richelieu district, and the whole party were hospitably entertained by a prominent layman of the place. On his arrival at Montreal he was warmly received by the clergy and laity, who presented several addresses of welcome expressive of an earnest desire to co-operate with him in his labors for the spread of the Gospel. On the following Sunday, the 15th September, 1850, the ceremony of the bishop’s enthronement took place at Christ church, which thenceforward became the Anglican cathedral of the diocese. On this occasion the bishop preached a sermon from the text: “Lord, I will follow Thee whithersoever Thou goest.” It was remarkable for felicity of language and reverence of style; but especially, says a writer, “for the preacher’s modest and clear appreciation of the difficult duties of his office.” On the 11th of October, 1850, the Church Society of the diocese of Montreal was organized, and on the 10th of October, 1851, an auxiliary branch of the “Colonial Church and School Society,” of London, was formed for the district of Montreal, with his lordship as president. In 1860 he was promoted to the office of Metropolitan of Canada, which office he filled, with honor to himself and the cause of Christ, until his death. Bishop Fulford was one of the most self-denying, large-hearted, broad-minded Christians the record of whose life it has been our privilege to read. True to the Church of England, he was, nevertheless, anxious to promote good feeling amongst all denominations. On his first landing in Montreal, in answer to an address, he made the following remarks:—“While we are bound to seek, to provide for the wants of our own people, and I must ever remember my duty to the church of which I have been appointed a chief pastor and overseer, yet still I hope to cultivate a spirit of charity to all around me.” With this end in view he accepted the suggestion that denominational distinctions should not be perpetuated in the grave, and consecrated the cemetery of Montreal that was free to all who wished for a resting-place therein. There came a time when Christ Church, the cathedral church of his diocese, was so completely demolished by fire that it became necessary to build a new one, and of this building Bishop Fulford laid the corner stone on the 21st of May, 1857, and on Advent Sunday, 1859, he preached the opening sermon. The new cathedral, which those engaged in its construction had wished “should be beautiful exceedingly,” was, through the death of the architect and other unforeseen circumstances, burthened with an oppressive debt, which weighed heavily on the mind of the bishop, who, in his straightforward old world style, knew of but one way of liquidating—a way which bishops, clergy and laymen, under similar circumstances, might adopt to their credit. He moved to a small dwelling, and laid aside, not only every indulgence, but almost every convenience. “His new mansion was modest enough, for it was built for the official residence of the parish school master, and the school rooms became his salons for the reception of guests,” the whitewashed walls being decorated with maps, instead of pictures and statuary. Here the heir presumptive of Great Fulford, and Metropolitan of Canada, with his delicate, high-bred wife, lived for years, and practised economy so patiently and self-sacrificingly in order to attain the darling wish of his heart, namely, to see the cathedral free from debt, that his heroic example stands forth as a shining light to “lighten the darkness,” not only of those who give grudgingly but of those who fancy that social status depends upon the size of the domicile, the costliness of its decorations, and the silks, satins, and velvets with which they adorn their bodies, regardless of the fact that nobility is to be found in the heart and soul of the individual, not in the outside covering. It is believed he lived to know the pleasure of having the debt liquidated, and it was from this humble home, prepared for the parish schoolmaster, that the great and good Bishop Fulford, Metropolitan of Canada, passed to his eternal rest on the 9th of September, 1868. His remains were interred in Mount Royal cemetery, Montreal. Near to him lies a member of the Church of Scotland, and one of the most eminent and highly esteemed citizens of Montreal, the Honorable Peter McGill, “who loved the English prelate as one friend loves another,” and was happy to know that in death he would rest beside him.

Sturdee, Henry Lawrance, M.A., Barrister-at-law, Solicitor, etc., Mayor of Portland, New Brunswick, was born in St. John, N.B., on the 11th April, 1842. His father, Henry Parker Sturdee, was born in Topsham, Devonshire, England, and his mother, Emily Lawrance, in London, England. Mr. Sturdee was educated at private schools in St. John, and at the Collegiate School, and at King’s College, Fredericton, N.B. He matriculated there in September, 1858, and in the following year was awarded the Douglas gold medal. He received the degree of B.A. in June, 1861, and M.A. in June, 1883, in course. He studied law in his native city with Messrs. Gray and Kaye, barristers; was admitted an attorney-at-law in June, 1864, and called to the bar in June, 1865. He has since practised law in St. John. He is one of the referees of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, equity side. He takes an interest in military matters, and is major of the 3rd St. John reserve militia. Mr. Sturdee resided in St. John until November, 1877, when he removed to the adjoining city of Portland. In April, 1883, he was elected an alderman for ward four of Portland, and was re-elected alderman the two following years. On taking his seat at the council board in that year he was appointed by the Portland city council to represent ward four of that city in the municipal council of the city and county of St. John. In April, 1884, he was elected warden of the municipality of the city and county of St. John; and in April, 1885, was re-elected warden without opposition. This office he held until April, 1886, when, having been elected mayor of Portland, he declined re-nomination as warden. On the 11th April, 1887, he was again chosen mayor of Portland, without opposition, and this responsible position he still holds. He has been vestry clerk and treasurer of Trinity Church, St. John (Church of England), since May, 1871; and secretary-treasurer of the Madras School Board since September, 1877. He is a vice-president of the St. George’s Society; and a member of Portland Union Lodge A. F. and A. M., and of New Brunswick Royal Arch Chapter, St. John. He was married at Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton, on the 26th September, 1866, to Jane Agnes, daughter of the late William R. Fraser, Esq., M.D. (Edinburgh), of Fredericton, and has a family of three sons and two daughters.

Hensley, Hon. Joseph, Charlottetown, Assistant Judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature, and Vice-Chancellor in the Court of Chancery, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 12th June, 1824, at Tottenham, Middlesex, England. He is the second son of the late Hon. Charles Hensley, who at the time of his death, in 1875, was a commander in the Royal navy, which service he entered in 1805, and was actively engaged in it for ten years—1805 to 1815—during the last war with France. Subsequently he lived in Prince Edward Island, and was a member of the Legislative and Executive Council there, and treasurer of the province. The Hon. Joseph Hensley was educated in England by private tuition, and afterwards at the Hackney Grammar School, Middlesex. In the year 1841 he came out with his father and family from England to Prince Edward Island, where he has since resided, and has now been a resident for upwards of forty-six years. In 1842, he commenced his studies for the bar in the office of the Hon. Robert Hodgson, then attorney-general of the island. He was called to the bar in January, 1847, and practised in Charlottetown from that time until his elevation to the bench, on the 18th June, 1869. Has since sat uninterruptedly as judge of the Supreme Court and vice-chancellor in Chancery. Judge Hensley has filled the following public offices under the government of Prince Edward Island:—In 1851 he was law-clerk to the House of Assembly, and also solicitor-general; in 1853 and 1854, attorney-general; from July, 1854, to July, 1858, attorney-general; from March, 1867, to June, 1869, attorney-general; in 1857, Queen’s counsel by her Majesty’s warrant; during the years 1853-8 inclusive, member of the Legislative Council; from 1861 to June, 1869, member of the House of Assembly; in 1868-9, president of the Executive Council, and leader of the government; from 1853 to 1876, member of the Board of Education; and from 1869 to 1876, chairman of the Board of Education. He was married on the 8th September, 1853, to Frances Ann Dover Hodgson, only daughter of the late Hon. Sir Robert Hodgson, knight, formerly attorney-general, afterwards chief-justice, and, lastly, lieutenant-governor of Prince Edward Island, who died in 1880. He has had four children, three of whom still survive, namely: Fanny Louisa Catherine, married to George Macleod, manager, in Charlottetown, of the Bank of Nova Scotia; Mary Eva; and Katherine Emily, married to Lieutenant Waldemar D’Arcy Rose, United States navy. Hon. Joseph Hensley’s residence is in Charlottetown. He is a member of the Church of England, and has always taken an active part in connection with the work of various religious societies and associations, particularly that of the Charlottetown Young Men’s Christian Association, since its formation, in 1856, filling at various times the position of its president, etc.

Barbeau, Henri Jacques, Montreal, is descended from an old and distinguished French-Canadian family, allied to the de Noyons and the de Rainvilles. The first of M. Barbeau’s ancestors to come to Canada was the Sieur Jean Barbeau-Boisdoré, who was born at St. Vivien-du-Pont, parish of Xaintes, France, in 1666. Having taken to a military career, the Sieur Jean joined the troops of the marine, and at the age of twenty his name appears on the roll of the Sieur de St. Cirque’s company, then stationed in Canada. This progenitor of the Canadian branch of the Barbeau family married, at Boucherville, Mdlle. Marie de Noyon, and left many descendants, who to-day occupy prominent and influential positions in the Quebec province. Mr. H. J. Barbeau was born at Laprairie in 1832, of the marriage of Edmund Henry Barbeau, merchant, and Sophie Bourassa, a daughter of captain Bourassa. His father having died at an early age, young Barbeau’s education was undertaken by his grandfather, the late Lieutenant-Colonel Louis Barbeau-Boisdoré, notary, of Laprairie, who died in 1864, at the ripe age of eighty. Colonel Barbeau-Boisdoré married Mary Powell, niece of Edmund Henry, who for many years had control of Colonel Christie’s vast seigneuries in the neighborhood of Lake Champlain, and afterwards became government agent for the seigneurie of Laprairie, and notary for the district. This gentleman inherited the military instincts of his ancestors, and when the war of 1812 broke out, he was among the first to offer his services to the Canadian government in resisting the invasion of the country. He served as a lieutenant in the campaigns of 1812-13, and from 1830 to 1840 held higher commands, dying in 1864 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Mr. H. J. Barbeau, the subject of the present sketch, has almost exclusively devoted himself to commercial pursuits. He received a good commercial education, under Mr. H. O’Regan, whom the Jesuit Fathers had made parish teacher at Laprairie, then under their ecclesiastical supervision. Young Barbeau commenced his commercial life at Laprairie, where he held a clerkship, and gave promise of attaining success in business. In 1852 he came to Montreal, and held responsible positions in several of the wholesale houses of the city until 1858, when, having acquired the necessary experience, he went into business for a while on his own account at St. Hyacinthe. Later on he held positions as insurance agent, appraiser for the Trust and Loan Company, and official assignee. In 1870 he was appointed to the management of a branch of the Merchant’s Bank, which was then opened for the first time at St. Hyacinthe. Five years later, the Savings Bank having established a series of branch offices in Montreal, Mr. Barbeau was offered the management of one of them, a position which he accepted and held till 1879, when he was called to succeed his brother, Mr. E. J. Barbeau, as general manager of the Montreal City and District Savings Bank. Mr. E. J. Barbeau, it may be said, was for thirty years the able manager of the Savings Bank, and now retired, to be succeeded by the subject of this sketch. In this new position of responsibility as a banker, Mr. Barbeau has evinced the same judgment, prudence and foresight which has always characterised his own business transactions, marked the character of his earlier career, and won for him success in all his enterprises, with the good opinion of those with whom he came in contact. In 1859 Mr. Barbeau married Josephine Varin, daughter of J. B. Varin, notary, and late member for Laprairie. Eleven children were born of this union, of whom seven survive. It may here be added, that Mr. Varin, whose high character and profound legal attainments are well known, married Hermine, daughter of the late Jean Moïse Raymond, who in his day was a prominent merchant, and member for l’Assomption, and a grand-daughter of M. Jean Raymond, for many years member for Laprairie.

Pope, Percy William Thomas, Assistant Receiver-General, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, eldest son of the Hon. James Colledge Pope and Eliza Dalrymple, his wife, was born at Summerside, Prince Edward Island, on the 8th May, 1856. He was educated at the Prince of Wales College, in Charlottetown. During his early life he was employed in the management of large ship-building and fishing industries in the western portion of the island. In 1882 he emigrated to the North-West Territories, and was one of the earliest settlers who located upon the site of the present town of Regina, the capital of Assiniboia. After the advent of the Canada Pacific Railroad, he engaged in the lumber business, importing the first manufactured lumber ever brought into that district. When, in the fall of 1882, the growth of the town rendered some form of civic organization desirable, he was elected one of three commissioners to represent the settlers’ interests. Mr. Pope remained there until the summer of 1883, when the position of assistant receiver-general, Charlottetown, rendered vacant by the retirement of the Hon. Joseph Pope, was offered to him by the government. This office he accepted, returned to his native island, and has since resided in Charlottetown. In religion, he is a member of the Church of England. In politics, a Conservative. He was married on the 15th day of April, 1882, to Mary Louise, second daughter of John Macgowan, by whom he has issue a son and two daughters.

Sullivan, Hon. William Wilfrid, Charlottetown, Premier and Attorney-General of Prince Edward Island, and a member of the Provincial Parliament for the second district of Kings county, was born at New London, Prince Edward Island, on the 6th of December, 1843. His parents, William Sullivan and Mary McCarthy, both now deceased, were natives of the county Kerry, Ireland. Hon. Mr. Sullivan was educated at the Central Academy and St. Dunstan’s College, Charlottetown. He studied law with the Hon. Joseph Hensley, then attorney-general, and now one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island. He was called to the bar of Prince Edward Island in Trinity Term, 1867, and became a partner of his preceptor, holding that connection until Mr. Hensley was appointed to the Supreme Court bench two years later. No client ever suffers at the hands of Mr. Sullivan for the want of close application to his cause. Possessed of much coolness, clear judgment and sterling good sense, and being candid and logical in his arguments, Mr. Sullivan never fails to make admirable points, or to favorably impress bench and jury. We learn from the “Historical Illustrated Atlas of Prince Edward Island” that Mr. Sullivan was appointed a Queen’s counsel by the government of Prince Edward Island in June, 1876, and by his excellency the governor-general of Canada, under letters-patent, on the 19th May, 1879; that he was one of the counsel for the government in the interests of the tenants before the Land Commissioners’ Court under “The Land Purchase Act, 1875.” Hon. Mr. Sullivan is head of the extensive law firm of Sullivan & Macneill, who do business in all the courts of the province and the Supreme Court of the Dominion; is a deputy judge of the Admiralty Court, and a notary public, and is president of the Board of Education; president of the Board of Trustees of the Prince Edward Island Hospital for the Insane, and a director of the Merchants’ Bank of Prince Edward Island, and a local director of the Canada Life Assurance Company. He first entered public life in 1872, when he was elected to represent the first district of Kings county. He was returned for his present seat at the general election in April, 1873, and again, by acclamation, the following month on being appointed to office. He was re-elected at the general elections of 1876, 1879, 1882, and again at the last general election, 1886. He was a member of the Executive Council from 22nd of April to June, 1872, when he resigned; was appointed to the Executive Council, with the office of solicitor-general, on the formation of the Pope administration, 18th April, 1873; resigned his seat in the Executive Council upon the resignation of the Conservative government, on the 4th of September, 1876; and was unanimously elected leader of the opposition at the meeting of the legislature on the 14th of March, 1877. On the 1st of March, 1879, Mr. Sullivan moved, in the House of Assembly, a resolution of non-confidence in the government, which, after a long and animated debate, was carried by a vote of nineteen to ten on the 6th of March, and the administration resigned the following day. Our subject was then invited by the lieutenant-governor, Sir Robert Hodgson, to form a government, and take the position of premier. He succeeded in forming an administration, and the government were sworn in on the 11th of March, 1879. He was elected leader of the government by the unanimous vote of his party in both branches of the legislature, and was appointed attorney and advocate general, and president of the Executive Council on the formation of the administration, which positions he has held continuously ever since. The House of Assembly was dissolved and a general election held on the 9th of April, 1879, when the government were sustained by a majority of twenty-six to four, being the largest support ever accorded to any administration in the island. Among other acts, Hon. Mr. Sullivan was chiefly instrumental in securing branch lines of railway to Souris and Tignish in 1872; assisted in carrying through the Island legislature terms of confederation in 1873; assisted in passing The Land Purchase Act, 1875, and other acts on the same subject in 1876; introduced and carried through the legislature An Act for Abolishing Imprisonment for Debt, in 1879, and The Jury Act, 1880, which provides for the trial of all civil cases by seven instead of twelve jurors, as well as many other measures of law reform, and acts for the general benefit of the province. The Hon. Mr. Sullivan has been, on several occasions, a delegate to Ottawa, on public business; and, in 1886, was a delegate to London, to lay before the Imperial government the case of Prince Edward Island, concerning the non-fulfilment of the terms of confederation, with regard to continuous steam communication between that province and the mainland of Canada. He declined a nomination for the House of Commons at the general elections in February, 1887. Hon. Mr. Sullivan has been premier for a longer period than any of his predecessors. As a leader he matures his measures thoroughly before submitting them to the house, hence his success in that position; his industry is unwearied; he clings with the utmost tenacity to the cause which he advocates, and never trusts the discharge of any parliamentary duty devolving upon himself to another. He is a thorough master of the English language, and speaks with exactness and precision. He is also extremely cautious, and takes good care not to get his party (the Conservatives) into deep water. Having a strong and determined will, once convinced that he is right, he pushes forward, with unflinching perseverance, and success almost invariably crowns his efforts. He was married at Charlottetown, on the 13th of August, 1872, to Alice Maude Mary, third daughter of John Fenton Newbery, B.A., of Oxford, and formerly of London, England, and Siena, Italy, and they have six children. The family are members of the Roman Catholic church. Their residence, “Brighton Villa,” adjoining Charlottetown, is a beautiful place.

Boire, Louis Henri Napoleon, Manager of the Three Rivers Branch of the Banque d’Hochelaga, was born on the 17th of February, 1850, in the parish of St. Philippe, county of Laprairie, province of Quebec, of well-to-do parents. After attending for five or six years the country school of the place of his birth, he entered, at the age of twelve, the Montreal College, where he remained three years, after which he became a scholar in the Jacques Cartier Normal School in Montreal, where he followed the whole course of studies with a decided and marked success. Later on, in May, 1869, he was admitted to the study of medicine, but gave it up to enter on a business career; and for this purpose he became a student in the Montreal Business College, and after a few months he graduated from this institution. The following years, of which a few months were passed in Manitoba, he was employed as accountant or bookkeeper in Montreal mercantile houses, when, in September, 1874, he was appointed accountant in the Joliette branch of the Banque d’Hochelaga, and six months later, in March, 1875, he was made manager of the same branch. Here he remained until February, 1885, and was then appointed manager of the Three Rivers branch of the same bank, and in that town he has resided since. He was married in January, 1876, to M. Lea Cornellier, of Joliette, P.Q., daughter of the late E. Cornellier, a retired merchant.

Wade, Edward Harper, Quebec, was born in 1846, in what was formerly known as “the good old town of Liverpool.” His father, Samuel Mosley Wade, and his grandfather, Samuel Wade, were long engaged as brokers in the cotton trade of that port, and his mother was a daughter of the late Richard Harper, of Low Hill, Liverpool. He received his commercial training in the office of Sharples, Jones & Co., who then carried on a large wholesale importing business in Quebec timber in connection with their Canadian house. His father having been lost at sea in the Royal Charter, when returning from a visit to Australia, he was apprenticed to the firm named, by his uncle and guardian, the late Thomas Wilson, a well-known Liverpool shipbuilder. Indentures were drawn up in the good old-fashioned style, binding the apprentice to five years’ service in consideration of being taught the trade and business of a timber merchant. This engagement was faithfully carried out on both sides, and every opportunity given for the acquisition of such knowledge of all timber mysteries as the Canada Dock Quay, or the town office of the firm, afforded; and the lesson of straightforward and truthful dealing and liberal fulfilment of all business obligations and promises was duly inculcated. After the expiration of the term named he remained three years with the firm, and was then transferred to the Quebec office of C. & J. Sharples & Co. The Quebec firm became John Sharples, Sons & Co., and the Liverpool house Henry Sharples, Son & Co., and all the senior partners had passed away before he left the employ at the end of 1877, having for several previous years travelled on contracting business in all parts of the United Kingdom, but especially in Ireland and North Wales, districts then largely importing Quebec goods. At that time this portion of the business seldom fell into such young hands, but the high standing and careful shipments of the firm served the young salesman well, and enabled him to continue and extend the connection of the house in the districts specially left to his care. Many little ports that are now entirely or almost altogether supplied from larger centres at that time imported several Quebec timber cargoes each year, and districts which now consume little besides pitch pine, spruce deals and Baltic goods were good customers for Canadian white pine, then commonly called yellow pine. At the end of 1877 he entered into business arrangements with the old and well-known Quebec firm of Roberts, Smith & Co. The parting between Messrs. Sharples and himself was characterized by the greatest good feeling on both sides, and the long connection left behind it a warm friendship that has never been disturbed in the slightest degree, even during the keen competition of the most trying selling seasons. His respect and esteem for all members of the family have always been strongly expressed, and their kindly feeling towards him has remained unchanged. For three years he continued as salesman with Roberts, Smith & Co., with a percentage on the profits of the business; and on Mr. Joseph Roberts retiring in 1880, he was taken into partnership by Mr. R. H. Smith, and the firm was continued under the style of Smith, Wade & Co. Taught by the sound judgment and thorough practical knowledge of timber and its classification and by the long experience of all points connected with Quebec contracting possessed by Mr. Roberts, and instructed in sound principles of finance, banking, and details of management by Mr. Smith, whose qualifications in this respect are so well known, the subject of our sketch obtained a thorough insight into the working of a Quebec shipping business as it should be carried on. Under such training it is not strange that he has established a character for reliability, that with him a promise is as faithfully carried out as a contract, and the spirit as well as the letter of the agreement always kept. For many years Mr. Roberts and Mr. Smith had entire charge of the Canadian supply to the English dockyards under admiralty contracts through Messrs. Chapman, of London. This was a most important business, including the annual supply of many large masts and spars of considerable value, such as are now only obtained from the Pacific coast. Mr. R. H. Smith retired at the end of last year, and Mr. H. T. Walcot, for nine years past a member of the firm of John Burstall & Co., has joined Mr. Wade in carrying on the business, under the same style, with the same staff, and upon the same lines. Shortly after his arrival in Canada, and during a political riot, Mr. Wade had a narrow escape with his life in rescuing from an infuriated mob an unfortunate man who, but for his interference, would probably have been killed. Except in such extreme cases he is an advocate of non-intervention, and of letting people manage their own affairs in their own way. The Canadian system of home rule is, in his opinion, the perfection of government. Although a firm believer in free trade, he readily admits that sometimes there are more important questions than any connected with the tariff, and believes it is essential to keep in power the best men in the country. Apart from his energy, enterprise, and thorough knowledge of that portion of the trade of which he is a worthy representative, much of Mr. Wade’s success is doubtless due to the genial and courteous manner which characterizes his intercourse with all sorts and conditions of men, and which has been the means of securing him hosts of friends and well-wishers. Mr. Wade was married in 1874 to Margaret, eldest daughter of John Simons, of Quebec, by whom he has five children.

Blanchet, Hon. Jean, Q.C., Quebec, M.P.P. for the County of Beauce, was born in February, 1843, in St. François, county of Beauce, and is a descendant of one of the oldest settlers in La Nouvelle France. He is the son of C. Blanchet, N.P., of St. François de la Beauce, and a nephew of the Right Rev. Mgrs. Blanchet, bishops of Oregon and Vancouver respectively, whom we may truly call the pioneer apostles of evangelisation in British Columbia. This country is under a heavy debt of gratitude to the reverend prelates for the detailed descriptions and quaint narratives of their early travels in that far-off part of the Dominion, and the historian of the future will find an inexhaustible supply of materials in their memoirs. The subject of our sketch was educated at the College of Nicolet, and at the termination of his classical course of studies entered Laval University to follow the law course of that institution, attending the office of Bossé and Bossé at the same time. On the 3rd of October, 1863, he was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada, and in 1876 was appointed a Queen’s counsel by the government of the province of Quebec, and re-appointed as such by the Dominion Government, on the 11th October, 1880, it having been decided by the courts of law that the appointment of Queen’s counsels was ultra vires of the provincial legislatures, and rested solely with the federal authorities. He is a member of the council of the bar, Quebec section. On his first presenting himself for parliamentary honours in his native county, at the general election of 1872, he was unsuccessful. In November, 1881, he, however, was elected by acclamation, and was sworn in as a member of the executive council on the 31st July, 1882, taking the portfolio of provincial secretary in the Mousseau administration. In 1884, he was again appointed to the same office, under the Ross administration, and accepted the same portfolio in January, 1887, under the Hon. L. O. Taillon, who resigned in the same month. He has been elected at the general election of 1886 by 187 majority. Hon. Mr. Blanchet is an honorary member of several societies. Among others, may be mentioned L’Athénée Louisianais, the Historical Society of Montreal, and the Geographical Society of Bordeaux, France; he is also president of the Asbestos Mining and Manufacturing Company of Canada, and the Artisans’ Permanent Building Society. In politics Hon. Mr. Blanchet is a Liberal-Conservative, and resides in Quebec, enjoying an extensive clientèle in Quebec, Beauce, and Montmagny. He is a member of the law firm of Blanchet, Drouin and Dionne. He married on the 5th of August, 1878, Jeanie, daughter of General S. Seymour, of Albany, late state engineer of the state of New York, by whom he has issue two children, one son and one daughter.

Phillips, Rev. Caleb Thaddeus, Minister of the Free Baptist Church, Woodstock, New Brunswick, was born at Wakefield, county of Carleton, N.B., on the 7th June, 1841. His father was Cornelius Ackerman Phillips, whose grandfather was one of the U. E. Loyalists; and his mother Frances Stevens, daughter of John Stevens and Mary Ackermann, and grand-daughter of Colonel Lawrence, a noted officer in the British army during the revolutionary war. Rev. Mr. Phillips received his education in his native parish and at Acadia College, Wolfville. He afterwards entered the ministry, and was for fourteen years in charge of the Sussex pastorate, in Kings county. Upon his resignation he was presented with a gold watch and an address from the citizens, and in 1884 took charge of the Free Baptist Church in Woodstock, N.B., of which he is the present pastor. He takes a deep interest in the temperance reform, and is a hard worker for the advancement of the Master’s kingdom on earth. He belongs to the fraternity of Freemasons, and is a member of Woodstock lodge. On the 8th October, 1870, he was married to Georgia, daughter of the Rev. Cyriac Cyrell Doucette, and has a family of four children.

Jetté, Hon. Louis A., LL.D., Montreal, Judge of the Superior Court, was born at L’Assomption, province of Quebec, on the 15th January, 1836. His father was Amable Jetté, merchant, whose ancestors came to Canada from near Tours, in France, in the sixteenth or seventeenth century. His mother, Caroline Gauffreau, was also of French descent. Her grandfather was a planter in St. Domingo when that island was under French rule, but left during some political troubles, and came to Canada. Judge Jetté, the subject of our sketch, received his literary education at L’Assomption College, and afterwards studied law (first) with Pelletier & Belanger, barristers, and afterwards with David & Ramsay, barristers. He was called to the bar in February, 1857. He practised his profession in Montreal from that date until he was appointed to the bench, on 2nd September, 1878. While at the bar Hon. Mr. Jetté greatly distinguished himself; and in the celebrated Guibord case he won an almost world-wide reputation for legal ability. In an extended review of the case, the Belgique Judiciaire, of Belgium, Europe, thus spoke of him, quoting largely from his pleading: “This speech, like all the pleadings of Mr. Jetté, has a tone remarkable for sincerity and loyalty. Mr. Jetté appears to us, moreover, to be an advocate of great merit, who must hold the front rank at every bar where he has a great cause to plead. * * * Voltaire, hearing the speech of Mr. Jetté, at Montreal, would find himself more comfortable than at the Court of Appeals at Paris, or in the Legislative Assembly at Versailles.” At one period of his life Judge Jetté was greatly interested in politics, and was a pronounced Liberal. At the general election in 1872 he contested Montreal East, and succeeded in beating the late Sir George E. Cartier, baronet, the then great statesman and leading Conservative in the province of Quebec, having polled the unprecedented majority of twelve hundred votes. This great triumph produced at the time great enthusiasm among the judge’s confrères. At the general election held in 1874, he was re-elected by acclamation; served through the session of the House of Commons at Ottawa in 1878, and in the spring of that year was offered a seat in the cabinet of the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, who then held the reins of government. But he declined the proffered honor, having decided to retire from political life. In the summer of 1878 he visited Europe, and while in Paris he received, by telegram, the information that he had been appointed to a seat on the bench of the Superior Court of his native province, and requesting his immediate return. Since his elevation to the bench he has fully realized the most sanguine expectations of his friends, and no judge in the province is more respected than he. Amongst the important cases he has been called to decide, since his appointment to the bench, we may mention: 1st. the liberation from the lunatic asylum of Mrs. Lynam, a poor unfortunate woman who had been kept there for nearly two years, a case which, three or four years ago, attracted the attention of everyone in the Dominion, and led to an investigation by the provincial government in the management of those institutions; 2nd. the Laramée and Evans case, where he stated, in a most exhaustive judgment, the law of the province on the subject of marriage, a judgment which was deemed so important that, on motion of Hon. E. Blake, a copy of it was laid on the table of the House of Commons; 3rd. the case of Dobie and the Board of Temporalities of the Presbyterian church; 4th. the case of Lambe vs. the Insurance Companies, for the recovery of the tax imposed on those companies by the provincial government of Quebec, where he maintained the constitutionality of the provincial law, being confirmed in that view by her Majesty’s Privy Council. Judge Jetté is a corresponding member of La Société de Legislation Comparée de Paris; and is also a corresponding editor of the Revue de Droit International of Ghent, Belgium. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Laval University, Quebec, in 1878, and is professor of law in the Montreal branch of the same celebrated institution of learning. In 1862 he married Berthe Laflamme, daughter of the late Toussaint Laflamme, merchant, Montreal, and sister of Hon. R. Laflamme, minister of justice in the Mackenzie government.

McLellan, Hon. David, Lumber Merchant, Indiantown, M.P.P. for St. John city and county, New Brunswick, was born in Portland, N.B., on the 20th of January, 1839. His father, David McLellan, was by trade a shipbuilder, emigrated from Kelton, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and settled in the Maritime provinces many years ago. His mother, Mary Knight, was a descendant of a Quaker family in Pennsylvania, United States. Mr. McLellan received his education chiefly in a commercial and mathematical school in St. John, taught by William Mills, and acquired a good mental outfit with which to begin life. After leaving school he commenced business as a surveyor and dealer in lumber, and is now the senior member of the firm of McLellan & Holly, doing a large trade in lumber in the rough, handling over 60,000,000 superficial feet of logs annually. He entered political life in 1878, and at the general election of that year was elected to represent the city and county of St. John, in the New Brunswick legislature. He again, at the general election held in 1882, presented himself for re-election, and was returned by his old constituency. On the 28th July, 1883, he was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and was appointed provincial secretary in the Blair administration, in place of the late Hon. Wm. Elder. His acceptance of office necessitated another appeal to the electors, and he was again elected. At the general election held in 1886 he was once more chosen by a large majority. Hon. Mr. McLellan is president of the Board of Agriculture for the province of New Brunswick. He is a Freemason, and also belongs to the fraternity of Oddfellows. In politics he is a pronounced Reformer; and in religion, an adherent of the Baptist church. In December, 1864, he was married to Fanny B. Richards, daughter of Henry Richards, of St. John, N.B., and has had a family of four children—two sons and two daughters, one of the boys died in infancy.

Taschereau, Hon. Henri Elzéar, Judge of the Supreme Court, Ottawa, was born at the Seignorial Manor house, Ste. Marie de la Beauce, county of Beauce, province of Quebec, on the 7th of October, 1836. He is the eldest son of the late Pierre Elzéar Taschereau, and a near relative to Cardinal Taschereau. His father was, prior to the union of the provinces, for many years a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, and after the union he was also a representative in the parliament of the united provinces. He had married Catherine Hénédine, a daughter of the late Hon. Amable Dionne, who was also at one time a member of the Legislative Council. The founder of the family, Thomas Jacques Taschereau, settled in the province of Quebec several years before the conquest. Many members of the Taschereau family have achieved high distinction in Canada, no less than seven of its members having occupied seats on the judicial bench. The subject of our sketch was sent to the Quebec Seminary, and after completing his classical studies, studied law in the office of his cousin, the Hon. Jean Thomas Taschereau, one of the most eminent lawyers of the province of Quebec, who was appointed a puisné judge of the Supreme Court of the Dominion on its formation in 1875, and was superannuated some years ago. In October, 1857, Mr. Taschereau was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and formed a partnership with his cousin, the eminent jurist above mentioned, and they practised their profession at Quebec. He soon gained a high reputation as a lawyer, and subsequently entered into partnership with William Duval and Jean Blanchet, who afterwards became speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, and of the House of Commons at Ottawa. In 1861, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the county of Beauce, and continued to represent that constituency until confederation, when, at the general election of 1867, he was unsuccessful as a candidate for the House of Commons. During that year he was made a Queen’s counsel, and the following year he was appointed clerk of the peace for the district of Quebec, a position which he held only three days, resigning at the end of that time on account of a misunderstanding with the government. He then devoted himself to professional pursuits, and on the 12th of January, 1871, he was appointed a puisné judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, and held that position until the 7th of October, 1878, when he was elevated to his present position of a judge of the Supreme Court of the Dominion. As a law writer, Judge Taschereau is an authority, he having written several important works, among which we may mention “The Criminal Law Consolidation and Amendment Acts of 1869, 32-33 Vict., for the Dominion of Canada, as amended and in force on the 1st November, 1874, in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, and on the 1st of June, 1875, in British Columbia, with Notes, Commentaries, Precedents of Indictments,” etc., etc., in two volumes, the first of which was published in Montreal in 1874, and contains 796 pages. The second volume, containing 556 pages, was published in Toronto in 1875. Both volumes display much erudition, and have been highly commended by competent legal authorities, among others by C. S. Greaves, an English Queen’s counsel, and one of the most eminent contemporary writers on English jurisprudence. “Le Code de Procédure Civile du Bas-Canada, avec annotations” was published in 1876, and also received high commendation from legal critics. The Hon. Judge Taschereau married, on the 27th of May, 1857, Marie Antoinette de Lotbinière Harwood, a daughter of the Hon. R. U. de Lotbinière Harwood, a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and seigneur of Vaudreuil, near Montreal. Mrs. Taschereau is a sister of Lieut.-Col. de Lotbinière Harwood. They have a family of five children, two sons and three daughters. Hon. Judge Taschereau has his residence in Ottawa, and is joint proprietor of the seigniory of Ste. Marie de la Beauce, conceded to his great-grandfather in the year 1726.

Williams, Right Rev. James W., D.D., Bishop of Quebec, was born in the town of Overton, Hampshire, England, on the 15th September, 1825, and was brought up in that neighbourhood. He is the son of the Rev. David Williams, for many years rector of Baughurst, Hampshire. He was educated by his father at home, at the Grammar School, Crewkerne, Somerset, and at Pembroke College, Oxford. In 1851 he graduated as B.A., taking honours in classics, and in due course obtained his degree of M.A. and D.D. The Lord Bishop of Oxford admitted him to deacon’s orders, and in 1856 he was ordained priest by the Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells. He held curacies for a short time in Buckinghamshire and Somersetshire. His classical attainments were of more than average excellence. For two years he was assistant master in Leamington College. In 1857, whilst curate of Huish-Champflower, he was chosen to organize a school in connection with Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, Quebec. He held the office of rector of the College Grammar School, together with that of professor of belles-lettres in the university, until his elevation to the episcopacy. Upon the death of the late Right Rev. George Jehosaphat Mountain, Bishop of Quebec, in 1863, Rev. Mr. Williams was chosen by the synod to succeed him, and on the 11th of June, of the same year, he was consecrated at Quebec by the Most Reverend the Metropolitan, assisted by the bishops of Toronto, Ontario, Huron and Vermont. His first episcopal act was to advance three deacons to the priesthood. The See of Quebec, over which the bishop’s jurisdiction extends, was constituted in 1863, and formerly comprised the whole of Upper and Lower Canada. Owing to various causes, and mainly to the increase in the population and growth of the Church of England its extent has been curtailed from time to time until it was confined to that part of the province of Quebec extending from Three Rivers to the Straits of Belle Isle and New Brunswick, on the shores of the St. Lawrence, and all east of a line drawn from Three Rivers to Lake Memphremagog. Bishop Williams is a plain preacher, and never exhibits any affectation; he is a man of scholarly tastes. He makes no pretence to showy or transcendent gifts of pulpit oratory, but is known as an energetic and industrious ecclesiastic, watching with zealous care over the spiritual welfare of his flock and clergy. Several of his lectures and sermons have been published and were highly commended by the Canadian and American religious newspapers. Among them may be more especially mentioned his charge delivered to the clergy of the diocese of Quebec at the visitation held in Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, in 1864; and a lecture on Self-Education, published at Quebec in 1865.

Moody, James Cochrane, M.D., Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born at Liverpool, N.S., on the 1st of September, 1844. His father, the Rev. John T. T. Moody, D.D., was born at Halifax, on the 25th of March, 1804, and at the date of his son’s birth was rector of Liverpool, but subsequently removed with his family to Yarmouth, N.S., to which parish he was appointed rector in 1846. His mother was Sarah Bond, eldest daughter of the late Henry Greggs Farish, M.D., of Yarmouth, N.S., and was born on the 9th of July, 1807. They were married in 1830, and both lived to the advanced age of 80 years. Dr. Moody commenced the study of medicine under the preceptorship of his great uncle, the late Joseph B. Bond, M.D., of Yarmouth, in 1862. He is a graduate of the University of New York, having taken his degree of M.D. at that institution in the spring of 1866. On his return home during the Fenian alarm of the same year, he was appointed an assistant surgeon to the Yarmouth militia. Commencing the practice of his profession at Richibucto, Kent county, New Brunswick, in the autumn of 1866, he soon succeeded in building up a good practice. Was appointed a coroner for Kent county, November 1st, 1870. He took an active part in agitating for the construction of the Kent Northern Railway; takes a deep interest in Masonry, is a past master of St. Andrew’s Lodge, A. F. and A. M., Richibucto, New Brunswick, he is also a Royal Arch mason, and has been for a considerable time connected with the order of Oddfellows. On account of the hardships and exposure attending the practice of his profession in northern New Brunswick, he decided to remove to Windsor, Nova Scotia, which he did with his family in the autumn of 1882, where he at present resides in active practice. On the eve of departure to his new field of labour, he was presented with a very complimentary address, signed by the leading inhabitants of Richibucto and vicinity. The following are brief extracts:—“Your departure from Richibucto is deeply regretted by all classes in this community. The sixteen years spent in active work in our midst have made you personally acquainted with us all, and while your professional skill won our trust, and commanded our admiration, your sterling qualities, as a man, gained our enduring friendship. A broader field of labour may await you in your new home, and a more ample recompense favour your work, but you will search in vain for hearts more fervent in wishes for your welfare than those you leave behind in Richibucto.” Dr. Moody is a member of the Church of England, and has always taken an active part in church work, having held while in Richibucto the offices of church warden and delegate to the diocesan synod. He is at present a warden of Christ Church, and also a governor of the University of Kings College, Windsor, N.S. On the 9th of September, 1880, he was married to Augusta Whipple, second daughter of the late James H. Jones, of Digby, N.S. Their family consists of three children, one son and two daughters.

Griffin, Martin J., Ottawa, Librarian of Parliament, was born in St. John’s, Newfoundland, August 7, 1847. He received his collegiate education in St. Mary’s College, Halifax, and studied for the Nova Scotia bar; first in the office of Hon. Wm. Miller, late speaker of the Senate; and later, in the office of Hon. James McDonald, now chief justice of Nova Scotia. He was most successful, being called, when only twenty-one, with a first-class certificate. From an early age he had shown decided talent for literature, and even before he became regularly connected with any public journal, he had contributed articles of various kinds to the press of Halifax, and had made some ambitious ventures in poetry and criticism for magazines in the United States. His ability secured for him a place on the staff of the Halifax Chronicle, for which he did good work while carrying on his studies. A year after his admission to the bar, that is to say in 1868, he became editor of the Halifax Express, which position he held until 1874. His writing during that period attracted wide attention, and marked him as the strongest journalistic champion of the Liberal-Conservative party in the province. His wide and accurate knowledge of public affairs caused him to be chosen as the assistant of the Hon. James McDonald, Q.C., the representative of Nova Scotia before the Fishery Commission, whose decision has since gone into history as the “Halifax Award.” His work in this direction was interrupted by an election contest, in 1874, in which he unsuccessfully sought election to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. When the Conservatives came into power in the Dominion, in 1878, and Hon. James McDonald was sworn in as minister of justice, Mr. Griffin was appointed the minister’s private secretary, but resigned in three months to accept the offer of a position on the editorial staff of the Toronto Mail. His letters and despatches to the Mail, as well as the editorial articles which he contributed, were marked by the same vigorous and scholarly style which had brought him to the front in the Maritime provinces. It was but natural, therefore, that when a vacancy occurred in the chief editorship of this paper, Mr. Griffin should be called to fill it. This was in 1881. He carried the Mail, editorially, through the great campaign attending the general election in 1882, and it is only just to say, that the brilliant victory achieved by the Conservative party then, was due, in considerable degree, to the vigor and skill with which the chief representative journal of the party was managed by Mr. Griffin. On the death of Mr. Todd, who had so long and so well managed the library of parliament, it was decided to have a dual headship of the library, in keeping with the system of having both English and French as authorized languages, and Mr. Griffin was chosen as the fittest man for the high and responsible position of joint librarian. He was appointed in August, 1885. No man could be more faithful to any trust than Mr. Griffin has been in the management of the library, and few in any country could have brought to the work an equally wide knowledge of books. Mr. Griffin is above all else a scholar; but his long editorial experience has given him also a quickness of comprehension, and a systematising ability which fit him to be the adviser of legislators and writers in mastering questions with which they have to deal. Mr. Griffin was married in 1872 to Harriet Starrat, daughter of the late William Starrat, of Liverpool, N.S.

Hingston, William Hales, M.D., L.R.C.S. (Edinburgh), D.C.L., Montreal, was born at Hinchinbrook, province of Quebec, on the 29th June, 1829. His father, Lieut.-Colonel S. J. Hingston, formerly of her Majesty’s 100th Regiment, which did good service during the war of 1812-14, came to Canada with his regiment, of which he was then adjutant. In 1819, when his regiment was disbanded, he received from Lord Dalhousie command of the militia force of the county of Huntingdon, which he organized, taking up his residence on the bank of the Chateauguay river. Subsequently Sir James Kemp gave Colonel Hingston command of the militia of the county of Beauharnois. He was wounded at the battle of Chippewa, and died in 1830, when his son, William Hales Hingston, the subject of our sketch, was eighteen months old. The Hingstons are an old Irish family, and are related to the Cotters, of Cork, the elder Latouches, of Dublin, and the Hales family. At the age of fifteen, having received his primary education at the school in his native place, W. H. Hingston entered the Montreal College, where, at the end of the first year, he carried off three first and two second prizes out of a possible five. Subsequently he spent a couple of years in the study of pharmacy, and then entered McGill College, where he graduated in medicine, in 1851. He went at once to Edinburgh, where he obtained the diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons. While in Europe he spent most of his time in hospitals, and brought back diplomas from France, Prussia, Austria, and Bavaria, in addition to that from Scotland. One, the membership of the Imperial Leopold Academy, was the first ever obtained by a Canadian, the late Sir William Logan being the next recipient. Dr. Hingston began practice in Montreal, where he soon succeeded in building up a clientèle, surgery being his leading and special branch. In 1867 he again visited Europe, and, when there, on the invitation of Sir James Simpson, successfully performed, in Edinburgh, a difficult surgical operation on one of Sir James’ patients, and was afterwards qualified by that far-famed physician as “that distinguished American surgeon lately among us.” Soon after beginning practice in Montreal, Dr. Hingston was appointed surgeon to the Hotel-Dieu Hospital, where he had a large field for the exercise of his art. There he has since given daily clinical instruction in surgery. A recent number of a Montreal medical journal mentions some of the operations he was the first to perform in Canada: excision of the knee; removal of the womb; removal of the kidney; excision of the tongue and lower jaw, etc. Dr. Hingston was one of the organizers of McGill University Society, which secured to the alumni the appointment of convocation fellows. When Bishop’s College Medical School was organized, he was named professor of surgery and clinical surgery, and afterwards dean of faculty; but soon resigned the professorships. He was one of the resuscitators of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, and was its president many times. He was the first secretary of the Dominion Medical Association, and afterwards its president. He was chosen by the international council to represent Canada at the International Medical Congress, held in Philadelphia, in 1876, and was offered the same honor at Washington, in 1887, but preferred to remain representative in surgery. He has been, for many years, a governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec, and is now its president. He is consulting physician to several dispensaries, and to the Hospital for Women, of which he was one of the founders. He organized the first board of health in the Dominion, and has long been a faithful worker in behalf of the sanitary interests of Montreal. On three different occasions he had been urged to permit his name to be submitted as a candidate for the mayoralty, but declined. However, in 1875, at the unanimous request of his professional brethren, he consented, and was chosen chief magistrate by a majority of nearly ten to one over his opponent, and, as he stated at the time, “without having spent one moment of time, or one shilling of money, to obtain a position which no one should seek, but which, coming, as it did, no one was at liberty to decline.” He was re-elected the following year by acclamation. A third term was offered him, but that he declined. The period of Dr. Hingston’s mayoralty was one of grave interest and anxiety to the order-loving citizens of Montreal, and it was well that the office of chief magistrate was, at the time of the Guibord affair especially, held by a gentleman of character, coolness, and judgment. He received the thanks of the Governor-General (Lord Dufferin) for his conduct on that occasion. When an epidemic of small pox reigned in Montreal, and the anti-vaccinators offered every opposition to vaccination, Dr. Hingston, as chairman of the board of health, under cover of “A few instructions to the vaccinators,” wrote a paper on the disputed points in controversy, which effectually silenced his opponents. This paper was distributed gratuitously by order of the city council of Montreal, and was freely quoted all over America, and attracted attention in Europe. Again, when in 1885, the province of Quebec was visited with an epidemic of small pox, the government called into existence a provincial board of health, with all necessary power. The subject of our notice was again named chairman, and so soon as efficient sanitary measures had been completed, Dr. Hingston visited Washington, and induced the authorities there to modify their quarantine regulations, which had interfered severely with commercial intercourse and freedom of travel. During his professional career he has contributed a number of articles to various medical periodicals, chiefly on surgery. A more considerable contribution to Canadian science was his work on the “Climate of Canada, and its relations to life and health.” which was published in 1885. No member of the medical profession in Canada has been more honored by scientific bodies. In addition to those already named, several of the state boards of medicine of the United States have elected him honorary member, and many American state medical societies have done so likewise; the British Association, for the Advancement of Science, chose him as vice-president; and within the past few months the British Medical Association elected him honorary member, and the president of council, Sir Walter Foster, thus announced his election: “Dr. Hingston is too well and too favourably known to the members of this Association to require the council to give reasons for selecting him for this honor. His reputation as a surgeon is not confined to Canada.” The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec, in noticing the last honor, ordered the following resolution to be transmitted to England: “The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec, has learned with pleasure of the honor conferred by the British Medical Association on their president, Dr. Hingston, whose reputation as a surgeon, whose labors in the cause of public health, and whose delicately honourable bearing towards his professional brethren, had already secured to him every honor the profession of this Dominion could confer.” In 1875, Dr. Hingston married Margaret Josephine, daughter of the Hon. D. A. Macdonald, formerly lieutenant-governor of the province of Ontario, and has three sons and one daughter.

Bergeron, Joseph Gédéon Horace, B.C.L., Advocate, Montreal, M.P. for Beauharnois, was born at Rigaud, province of Quebec, on the 13th October, 1854. He is a son of the late T. R. Bergeron, who was a notary at Rigaud. His mother was Léocadie Caroline Delphine, daughter of Gédéon Coursol, notary, of St. Andrew’s, uncle of C. J. Coursol, M.P. for Montreal East. Mr. Bergeron was educated at the Jesuits’ College in Montreal, where he took a partial classical course. He then entered the McGill University, where he graduated B.C.L. in March, 1877. He adopted law as a profession, and was called to the bar of the province of Quebec in July, 1877, and is now one of the law firm of Archambault, Lynch, Bergeron & Mignault, Montreal. In 1874 he entered the Military School at Montreal, where he took a second-class certificate and then joined the No. 1 cavalry troop. He is an active member of the St. Jean Baptiste Society in Montreal, having joined it in 1875; and in 1880 he became a member of the same society in Valleyfield. He entered political life in 1879, on the death of the then sitting member, Mr. Cayley, for Beauharnois, and was returned to the Dominion parliament. At the general election of 1882 he was re-elected by acclamation; and in 1887, at the general election of that year, he was once more sent to parliament to represent his old constituency in the House of Commons at Ottawa. He is a Liberal-Conservative in politics; and in religion is a member of the Roman Catholic church.

Sicotte, Hon. Louis Victor, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, one of the judges of the Superior Court of Quebec, is a son of Touissant Sicotte, of the parish of Ste. Famille, Boucherville, and was born at Boucherville, on the 6th of November, 1812. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe College. Our subject entered public life in 1852, representing the county of St. Hyacinthe in the Canadian parliament, and continued to do so for eleven years. The opening part of his political career was an exciting period in the history of the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada—the questions of clergy reserves and the seignorial tenure being still unsettled; and in August, 1853, he was offered a seat in the Cabinet of the Hincks-Morin administration as commissioner of Crown lands, but he declined to accept it, because the government refused to proceed immediately to settle those two questions. Mr. Sicotte, by his writings on the question of the clergy reserves, extensively reproduced in the Upper Canada papers, was greatly instrumental in creating a powerful opinion to settle the question; the result was an overwhelming majority in parliament for the settlement of these two important matters. In 1854, Mr. Sicotte was chosen speaker, and held that honorable post till the dissolution in November, 1857. He was commissioner of Crown lands in the Taché-Macdonald government; and in 1858 became commissioner of public works in the Cartier-Macdonald administration, retiring from the government on the Ottawa question, in December of that year. In May, 1862, when the Sandfield Macdonald-Sicotte government was formed, our subject took the portfolio of attorney-general for Lower Canada, held that position until May, 1863; and was made judge of the Superior Court in the following September. In the year previous he was sent to England on public business, relating principally to the extension of communications with the North-West Territory, to realise what is now the Canadian Pacific Railway, and while there acted as commissioner on behalf of Canada at the international exhibition held in London. Before going on the bench, he held for a long time the presidency of the Board of Agriculture, and was also a member of the Council of Public Instruction, resigning the latter office when he accepted the judgeship. Judge Sicotte belongs to the Roman Catholic church, and people who have known him the longest and most intimately, credit him with having lived a blameless and eminently useful life. He was an intimate friend and coworker with Mr. Ludger D. Duvernay, and, with him, took the step towards the formation of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Montreal. He was married, in 1837, to Margaret Amelia Starnes, daughter of Benjamin Starnes, of Montreal, and sister of Hon. Henry Starnes. They have ten children living. Judge Sicotte, after serving twenty-four years’ of judicial life, resigned in November, 1887, at the advanced age of seventy-five years, still strong and healthy, free and anxious for the study of the law, but outside of all litigation.

Thornton, John, Coaticook, President of the Cascade Narrow Fabric Company, province of Quebec, was born on the 3rd April, 1823, at Derby, Vermont. His father was John Thornton, and mother, Sally Lunt. His great-grandfather, on the paternal side, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Mr. Thornton received his education in Derby, and came to Canada in 1840. He settled in Stanstead for about a year, when he removed to Barnston. Here he remained until 1855, when he moved to Coaticook, and there he has resided since, and done business as a general storekeeper. Being a public spirited gentleman, he was elected a councillor; then he held the office of mayor and warden of Stanstead county for two terms, and finally entered political life, and sat for eight years in the Quebec legislature, representing the county of Stanstead. He has been largely interested in the material prosperity of the district in which he resides. For a while he was one of the directors of the Magog Print Company, from which position he retired in 1885. He is now a director of the Coaticook Cotton Company; of the Coaticook Knitting Company; and is also president of the Cascade Narrow Fabric Company, the only concern in Canada where braids of all descriptions are manufactured. He is one of the directors of the Eastern Townships Bank, and president of the Coaticook Water Company. In politics Mr. Thornton is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion an adherent of the Methodist church. He belongs to the order of Oddfellows. He has been twice married. In 1847 to Lucy Baldwin, of Barnston, province of Quebec, by whom he had two children, a son and daughter, who still survive; and again on the 17th of June, 1884. to A. H. Cleveland.

Mountain, George Jehoshaphat, second son of Dr. Jacob Mountain, first bishop of Quebec, and descendant of one of the Huguenots whom the persecutions of Louis the Fourteenth had driven out of France to take refuge in Norfolk, England, was born at Norwich, on the 27th of July, 1789. He was of Norman and Saxon descent, claiming kindred with Michael De Montaigne, the celebrated French essayist. At the age of seven years he commenced his Latin grammar, while residing with his father, at Woodfield, near Quebec. At sixteen he was sent to Little Easton, county of Essex, England, where he prepared to enter Trinity College, Cambridge. There he acquitted himself in such a manner as induced Dr. Monk, professor of Greek, one of his examiners, to recommend him as principal of a college in Nova Scotia, for which position he considered Mr. Mountain peculiarly fitted. On leaving Cambridge he returned to Quebec, and acted as secretary for his father while studying for the ministry. On the 2nd of August, 1812, he was ordained a deacon, and was appointed to assist the bishop’s chaplain, Rev. Salter Mountain. In 1814 he was admitted to the order of priest, and was appointed evening lecturer in the cathedral, and on the 2nd of August, in the same year, he was married to Mary Hume, third daughter of Deputy-General Commissary Thompson, and went to Nova Scotia, where he was appointed rector of Fredericton, and also chaplain of the troops and Legislative Council. After three years sojourn there he resigned, and returned to Quebec, and on his arrival was appointed bishop’s official and officiating clergyman of Quebec. He commenced life well; his earliest noticeable act was to establish intimate relations with the “Venerable Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and for Propagating the Gospel.” His second was to establish, at Quebec, national schools for boys and girls. Early in January, 1818, he commenced as a simple missionary, and afterward continued as archdeacon to visit the outlying portions of the diocese. Such work he found, to the end of his career, to be full of attraction and encouragement, for in heart and soul he was the beau ideal of a missionary. In 1819 he received the degree of D.D. from the Archbishop of Canterbury, and was appointed a member of the “Board for the Advancement of Learning in Canada.” In 1821 he became rector of Quebec and archdeacon of Lower Canada. In 1823 he was nominated honorary professor of divinity and principal of McGill College, Montreal. In 1825 he went to England, his chief object being to represent the claim of the Anglican church in the matter of the clergy reserves, and also to express his father’s wish to be relieved of a portion of the cares of his bishopric. The suggestion he made was that the diocese of Quebec, which covered nearly half a continent, should be divided into two parts, each to be a separate bishopric; or, if this proposition was not acceded to, he suggested that the Rev. Dr. Stewart be associated with his father in the administration of the See. These plans, however, were set at naught by the death of his father, which event occurred on the 18th of June, 1825, while he was yet absent in the motherland, and Rev. Dr. Stewart succeeded Rev. Jacob Mountain as Bishop of Quebec. Ten years passed slowly by, and in 1835 the archdeacon, the subject of our sketch, again went to England, his objects being the same as before—the settlement of the clergy reserve question, and the necessity of procuring further episcopal assistance in the diocese. Bishop Stewart had broken down, even as his predecessor had done before him, and was most anxious that the archdeacon, “whom he dearly loved and called his ‘right hand,’ should be appointed suffragan.” “This duty,” says his biographer, “the latter was more than disinclined to accept, for his desire from first to last was to serve, not to rule. He only yielded when Bishop Stewart emphatically declared he would have no one else.” He was consecrated coadjutor on the 14th of January, 1836, under the title of Bishop of Montreal. On the 22nd of September, Bishop Stewart went to England, and did not return, for, becoming weaker and weaker, he died in the following year. Thus, despite his wishes to the contrary, the subject of our sketch became the third bishop of the undivided diocese of Canada. Rev. George Jehoshaphat Mountain was a true and humble-minded Christian; all the events of his life go to prove this. While his devotion to the sick and suffering at Quebec, in 1832, when the cholera rushed like a cyclone from Grosse-Isle to the mainland, and hundreds of homes were made desolate, renders his name well worthy of record among the great and good of our land, and again his light shines before the world in 1847, when typhus fever, the result of the famine in Ireland, was imported into Canada. It is written: “The Anglican clergy, few in number, with devoted zeal, took their duty at Grosse-Isle week about, the bishop taking the first week. Most of the clergy sickened, and two of them died of the fever. The trial, we may imagine, was acute enough, for in the summer of 1847, upwards of five thousand interments took place at the immigrants’ station at Grosse-Isle. ‘No one liveth to himself or dieth to himself,’ wrote the heroic bishop. There was chivalry as well as gentleness in his nature which, like expressed virtue, communicated itself to all.” Bishop Mountain served his God as a minister of the gospel for fifty years, and died on the morning of the feast of the Epiphany, 1863, deeply respected and beloved.

Blair, Hon. Andrew George, Attorney-General and Premier of New Brunswick, was born in Fredericton, N.B., on the 7th March, 1844. He is of Scotch descent. He was educated at the Collegiate School, in Fredericton. He chose law as a profession, and after spending the usual time in study, was called to the bar in April, 1866, and successfully practised for some years. In 1878 he entered the political arena, and was returned to represent York county in the House of Assembly of New Brunswick, at the general election of that year. A petition, however, having been filed against his return, he resigned the seat, and on the issue of a new writ, was re-elected on the 14th November of the same year. At the first session of the new house, in February, 1879, he was chosen leader of the opposition, then consisting of only six members beside himself, in a house of forty-one. In the last session of that house, held in 1882, the opposition, under his leadership, had increased to seventeen. At the general election of that year, 1882, he was re-elected for his old constituency, and in March, 1883, defeated the Hanington government, and was called upon to form a new ministry, which he succeeded in accomplishing in one day. On accepting the office of attorney-general he again appealed to his constituents on the 24th of March, and was elected. At the general elections held in 1887 he was once more elected, at the head of the New Brunswick Legislature as premier and attorney-general. Hon. Mr. Blair is an independent Liberal in politics; and in religion is an adherent of the Methodist church. He was married on 31st October, 1866, to Annie E., eldest daughter of George Thompson, late of the educational department, at Fredericton. The issue of this union has been ten children.

Burland, George B., President and General Manager of the British American Bank Note Company, Montreal.—Mr. Burland, the subject of our sketch, is descended from a long line of illustrious ancestry. There is an old estate in Cheshire, called “Burland,” after the family, and at the time of the accession of Edward III. to the throne in 1327, Robert de Burland held possession in the county of Somerset. John Burland, born in 1696, married, in 1718, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Claver Morris, M.D., of the city of Wells. He died November 6, 1746, and left four sons and two daughters: John Burland, son and heir; Claver Morris Burland, M.D.; William Burland, fellow New College, Oxford; Robert Burland; Mary, wife of Rev. William Hudlestone, and Anne, wife of Rev. William Eater. John, the eldest son, was of Baliol College, Oxford, where he entered in 1740. In 1743 he went to the Middle Temple, and was called to the bar in 1746. In 1762 he was made sergeant-at-law; in 1773 he was given the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws; in 1774 he was knighted and sworn one of the Barons of the Exchequer in room of Baron Adams. This he enjoyed but one year and eleven months, and died February 29, 1776, by the rupture of a blood vessel in his brain, as he was sitting in company with his brother, Robert Burland, and his intimate friend, Colonel Charles Webb. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, where a handsome monument, with the following inscription, is erected to his memory: “Near this place are deposited the remains of the Hon. Sir John Burland, Knt., LL.D., one of the Barons of his Majesty’s Court of Exchequer; as a man, valued and beloved, as a judge, honoured and revered. He died suddenly on the 29th February, 1776, aged 51 years.” This gentleman married, in 1747, Lætitia, the daughter of Wm. Berkeley Portman, of Orchard Portman, and Anne, his wife, only daughter of Sir Edward Seymour, of Maiden Bradley, baronet, speaker of the House of Commons, and comptroller of the household of Queen Anne. George B. Burland, of Montreal, is descended from this family, and was born at Loggan Hall, in the county of Wexford, in the year 1829. His father, Benjamin Burland, was born in 1779, and educated for the medical profession. He married, in 1806, Belinda Roe, daughter of Robert Roe, a gentleman of ample wealth, and owner of large estates in Queen’s county. He sailed for Canada in July, 1840, and died in 1842. His uncle was one of the first to afford relief to the sufferers in the great famine of 1739. His father and his father’s brothers were gentlemen of considerable influence, and owned extensive properties in the counties of Wicklow and Wexford, now in possession of the DeRenzie family. They took an active part in the troubles of 1798. One of them was reputed in his day the best horseman and swordsman in Ireland. During the Irish rebellion his father, at great personal risk, saved the life of a priest by placing himself between the levelled muskets and their intended victim. For this service the rev. gentleman presented him with a sword now in the possession of the subject of this sketch. Tablets in Kilpipe and Kilcommon churches note the resting-places of members of his family. His uncle was appointed surveyor to the customs at Montreal by the British government; and his cousin, B. Burland, is at present a surgeon-major in the 19th Hussars. George B. Burland’s education was entrusted to a private tutor, and when his schooling was over, he entered upon business pursuits, in 1844, in the office of his uncle, George P. Bull, who was at that period proprietor and publisher of the Hamilton Gazette. His cousins, Rev. Geo. A. Richard, and the late Hon. Harcourt B. Bull, were then residents of Hamilton; and he remained with them some three or four years and then returned to Montreal. This initial connection with the press soon led to another stage in a cognate branch of publication. The late George Matthews, engraver, succeeded, after many efforts, in inducing the Bank of Montreal to have its bills printed in Canada, the plates being then engraved at the Bank of England, in London. Having secured this step, his next important move was to obtain for that department a manager who could be relied upon for his intelligence and business energy to carry out the new undertaking with success. The choice fell upon Mr. Burland; and thus having identified himself with the undertaking from the first, and acquired an interest in it, his energy, industry and tact enabled him soon to attain to a full partnership. His partner, Mr. Matthews, having secured a competency in the course of time, retired from the business, and left Mr. Burland to conduct affairs. The latter then set about to widen the sphere of his operations, and in spite of many obstacles, which only seemed to stimulate his pluck and perseverance, and notwithstanding the strenuous opposition of the American Bank Note Company and his former partner, he successfully established the British American Bank Note Company, which has been intimately connected with the engraving and printing of the bank note work of the country for over a quarter of a century. Besides being the founder, Mr. Burland is president, and has been general manager of the company since its incorporation. In 1874 he obtained a charter of incorporation for the Burland Lithographic Company, the destinies of which he successfully conducted, as president and general manager, until 1886, when he retired from that double office, on account of his health, and because of his other multifarious interests and occupations. Indeed, he is concerned in many important business enterprises. He is president of the Protestant Insane Asylum of the province of Quebec, to which charity he donated the sum of five thousand dollars. He is a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital, Western Female Hospital, Montreal Dispensary, Boys’ Home, Protestant Orphan Asylum, Irish Protestant Benevolent Association, and Protestant Orphan Asylum, Ottawa, and a life member of the Art Association, of Montreal. To support the principles advanced by the Rev. James Roy, who had been accused of heresy in the Methodist church, and with the view of retaining him in the ministry, Mr. Burland built and equipped one of the handsomest churches in the city of Montreal, at a cost of over $50,000. We merely mention this as an instance of the liberal assistance which he has extended to others without desiring or allowing publicity, and in fact many other proofs of his generosity are known to the writer, which have been carefully hidden from the world by their donor. This sacred edifice has since become the property of the St. Gabriel Church congregation, to which body Mr. Burland donated the sum of $5,000. He also contributed the sum of $2,500 to the Congregational College, Montreal, and has always been a liberal contributor to charitable objects. He was, furthermore, one of the original subscribers to the stock of the Windsor Hotel Company, Montreal, and was one of the few who formed a syndicate to complete the building at a time when its success appeared to be doubtful. He has been one of the directors for many years, is the vice-president, and largest shareholder in the company. He is also widely interested in the manufacturing industries and joint stock companies of the Dominion, and is one of the largest property-owners in the city of Montreal. Some of its most modern and artistic buildings have been erected by him, and he was the first of the citizens to import some of the beautiful woods of British Columbia which have been used in their construction. Mr. Burland married, in 1857, Clarissa, the youngest daughter of the late George Cochrane, of Quebec, by whom he had one son and three daughters. When his son became of age a few years ago he presented him with $25,000 as a birthday present. His gifts to other members of his household have been proportionately liberal on their attaining their majority. The action of Mr. Burland in this matter, as well as in his numerous acts of munificence to the many charitable institutions of the city of Montreal and elsewhere, is worthy of the highest commendation, and we trust the day is not far distant when the men of wealth and noble instincts will follow his example, and not defer the disposal of their wealth till after death, but witness, in the evening of their days, the great blessings they were enabled to impart to their fellow beings. In the year 1883 Mr. Burland paid a visit to Europe with his family, travelling over England, Ireland, Scotland, France, Germany and Switzerland, and thereby greatly benefiting his health; and since then, while still keeping an eye on his numerous interests, he is free to devote much time to works of philanthropy and public usefulness. He is still comparatively a young man, and there is every reason to hope that he will be spared many years to the circle of his family, and to the more enlarged sphere of good citizenship. Men of his stamp are not met with every day, and the lesson of patience, industry, thrift and business management, resulting in the accumulation of large wealth, invested where it can do most private and public good, which his career presents, is worthy of permanent commemoration.

Tellier, Hon. Louis, Judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, St. Hyacinthe, is a son of Zephirin Tellier, of Ste. Melanie de Daillebout, yeoman, and Luce Ferland, daughter of Prisque Ferland, and was born at Berthier-en-haut, December 24th, 1844. The Tellier family came from France about 1789, its progenitor in this province settling at Berthier-en-haut. Mr. Tellier was educated at Joliette College; began the study of law at Joliette, under the Hon. Mr. Baby, who became federal minister of inland revenue, and is now one of the judges of the Court of Queen’s Bench, and finished at St. Hyacinthe, under the Hon. Hubert W. Chagnon, now a puisne judge of the Superior Court, and was called to the bar at Montreal on the 16th of October, 1866; and since 1873 has been in practice at St. Hyacinthe, being the senior member of the firms of Tellier, DeLabruere and Beauchemin, and of Tellier, Lussier and Gendron. He has a liberal share of business in both the civil and criminal courts, and an honorable standing in the profession, being a hard student, well informed in law matters, and preparing his cases with the greatest care and credit. His opinion on legal points is not given hurriedly, but, once expressed, can be relied on. He is very precise and honorable in all his dealings. His law library is one of the best of its kind in the district of St. Hyacinthe. Mr. Tellier was deputy prothonotary of the Superior Court, and deputy clerk of the circuit court for this district, from 1863 to 1873, and crown attorney for the same from the last-named date until 1878. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in September, 1878, for the county of St. Hyacinthe, and an unsuccessful candidate at the general election in 1882. His politics are Conservative, and though younger than the majority of his political confrères in the district, very few of them have more talent, prestige and influence. When elected to parliament, he drew more than the full party vote. Mr. Tellier was married in St. Hyacinthe, on the 26th of May, 1868, to Hermine, second daughter of the late Dr. Adolphe Malhiot and Hermine Lamothe, who died on the 7th of February, 1878, leaving one son, and on the 18th of July, 1882, to Elzire, daughter of J. A. Hamel, collector of customs of St. Hyacinthe. The family belong to the Roman Catholic church, and on the 24th of June, 1880, Mr. Tellier was a delegate to represent St. Hyacinthe at the grand national fête of St. Jean Baptiste, held in Quebec. He was appointed a Queen’s counsel on the 23rd of January, 1882. He has lately, and most deservedly, been appointed judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec.

Haliburton, Thomas Chandler, was born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, in December, 1796, and there received the primary portion of his education. He then attended the University of King’s College, and graduated with high honors in 1824. At an early period of his college course he showed a decided taste for literary pursuits, and took many prizes, among them the English essay prize, which he succeeded in wresting from the expectant grasp of several able competitors. On leaving college he turned his attention to law, entered the legal profession and practised at Annapolis, where he had a large and lucrative connection. He then, at the earnest solicitation of friends, entered the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia, as member for the county of Annapolis, and here his fine intellect, and good debating powers, soon gave him a leading position. As an orator he is said to have been “earnest, impressive and dignified; though he often showed a strong propensity for wit and humor.” In 1828 he was appointed chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and discharged the duties of his position with great ability till 1840, when he was transferred to the Supreme Court. In February, 1856, he resigned his office, left his native land; and found a home in England, where he spent the remainder of his days. At the general elections in 1859 he entered the Imperial parliament as member for Lancaster. Here he joined in some of the debates; but parliamentary life appears to have become irksome to him, and his greatest pleasure was derived from advancing the interests of the village of Isleworth, where he lived, by aiding the philanthropical projects of its inhabitants, and contributing to its charitable institutions; and it was there he died, on the 27th August, 1865. Haliburton first became known as an author in 1829, when he published “An Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia,” This work is said to be written with “clearness, spirit, accuracy, and impartiality,” and is at the present day regarded as a standard work. So much was thought of it that the House of Assembly in Nova Scotia tendered the author a vote of thanks, which he received when in his place in parliament. In 1834 he published “Kentucky,” a tale. In 1837 the first series of “The Clock Maker; or Sayings and Doings of Sam. Slick of Slickville,” came before the public, which was followed by the second and third series in 1838 and 1840. It was in order to preserve some anecdotes and stories, which were too good to be lost, and were in danger of passing into oblivion, that Haliburton wrote, anonymously, a series of articles for a paper, the Nova Scotian, speaking to the public through the medium of a Yankee pedlar. These papers were a great success, and appeared as a collection under the foregoing title, and as a work on common sense it is doubtful if it has its equal. It has been re-published in England and the United States, and translated into foreign languages. In 1839 he published “The Letter-Bag of the Great Western; or Life in a Steamer,” after which followed “The Bubbles of Canada”; “A Reply to the Report of Lord Dufferin”; “Traits of American Humor”; “Sam. Slick’s Wise Saws and Modern Instances”; “The Old Judge; or Life in a Colony”; “The Americans at Home”; “Rule and Misrule of the English in America”; “The Attaché; or Sam. Slick in England”; “Yankee Stories and Yankee Letters”; “The Sayings and Doings of Sam. Slick, Esq., with his Opinion on Matrimony”; “Sam. Slick in Search of a Wife”; “Nature and Human Nature.” Two of his speeches have also been published; one on “Resources and Prospects of British North America,” in 1857, and the other, “On the Repeal of the Differential Duties on Foreign and Colonial Wool.” Critics say, “although a man of mark in other departments of literature, Haliburton is best known as a humorist.” His “History of Nova Scotia” will bear comparison with any works of a similar kind that have appeared in America; but it is to Sam. Slick that he owes his fame. The revelations and remarks of the Yankee pedlar are valuable, no less for their shrewdness and sound sense, than for their raciness and humor, their sarcasms and laughable exaggerations. Haliburton is indeed more than a humorist; and his productions will be read with profit by others besides his countrymen. As a story-teller he is inimitable, and the quaint dialect in which his yarns are couched increases the comic effect of his utterances. Sam. Slick has an individuality that insures for him a place amongst the best known characters of fiction. It is needless to say anything more of one who has attained such world-wide celebrity as he who is familiarly known to Canadians as Judge Haliburton.

Gervais, Marie Emery, M.D., Three Rivers, a descendant of a French family who migrated from France in the beginning of the present century, and settled in the prosperous city of Three Rivers, was born in that city on the 13th of December, 1845, and is the son of Louis Emery Gervais, a merchant of good repute, and a highly esteemed citizen, who served his fellow-townsmen in the capacity of councillor for over twenty years; his mother was Julie Huart, of Point Levis. The doctor was educated at the college of Three Rivers, and on completing a full course of classical studies in that institution, removed to Montreal, and entered the Medical and Surgical School, to follow a course of medical studies, and in May, 1869, graduated M.D. at the University of Victoria College, Cobourg. He then returned to his native place, where he has practised ever since, enjoying the confidence and esteem of the entire community. His urbane manners and uniform courtesy and kindness, together with the careful attention he bestows on all who come under his care have made him hosts of friends. He served in the town council for several years, and in July, 1881, he was returned by acclamation for the ward he had previously represented. He is also a member of the Provincial Board of Health, to which office he was appointed for a term of three years in July, 1880. On the 6th of August, 1870, he married Marie Madeleine Etuchienne, daughter of the late Edouard Normand, of Three Rivers, by whom he has issue twelve children, five sons and seven daughters. The Normand family is well and favorably known in Three Rivers, where it has numerous representatives, and by his alliance with it, Dr. Gervais seems to have been endowed with the many estimable and philanthropic characteristics which are its inheritance.

Turcotte, Hon. Arthur, Q.C., Three Rivers, Quebec.—The distinguished subject of this sketch bears a name deservedly honored in Lower Canadian annals, and for over half a century intimately associated with the institutions, development and history of the city of Three Rivers. His father was one of the most remarkable of the eminent public men of Lower Canada during the last generation. The Hon. J. E. Turcotte was, during his lifetime, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of United Canada and a member of the Macdonald-Cartier Cabinet, and played a leading part in the politics of his day, besides endowing Three Rivers with important public works of all kinds, which have handed down his fame to a grateful posterity. Among these lasting mementoes of his services to his constituents may be more specially mentioned the railway from Arthabaska to Doucet’s Landing, and the extensive wharves on the water front of the trifluvian city. The first charter of the Piles Railway was secured through his exertions, and, though he did not live to see that road built, the honor of its initiative still remains attached to his memory. He further earned the title of a public benefactor by his large and generous gifts to local institutions of charity, education and religion, which still sacredly cherish his name and lineaments, while his energy and eloquence continue to be household words throughout the province of Quebec. His son, the Hon. Henri René Arthur Turcotte, is the worthy representative of a distinguished father, whose life-work he has warmly taken up, and in whose footsteps he has faithfully walked; so that between the careers of the father and the son, there are many striking points of analogy. Both have played a controlling part in the general politics of the country, as well as in the affairs of Three Rivers as a city, fighting the same battles, and filling the same positions as ministers and speakers of the House. In both, too, are to be found united the same energy and industry, the same civic spirit, which have raised them to the pedestal of public benefactors in the eyes of their fellow-citizens. Hon. Arthur Turcotte is still in the full vigor of manhood. Born at Montreal, on the 19th January, 1845, he received a brilliant education at the Jesuits’ College, Montreal, and Stoneyhurst College, Lancashire, England. He early developed remarkable literary and artistic tastes, and the oratorical talent which he inherited from his father, one of the most eloquent men of his time. In 1867, Mr. Arthur Turcotte was admitted to the bar, where he soon won a prominent position. In 1879 he was appointed a Queen’s counsel. He took an active and important part in the municipal affairs of his native city, and represented his fellow citizens during a number of years successively as councillor, alderman and mayor. He was returned to the Quebec Legislature by the popular vote for the first time in March, 1876. Two years later, the electoral division of Three Rivers re-elected him by acclamation, and on the 4th June, 1878, the Legislative Assembly of Quebec raised him to the dignity of its speaker, which he continued to fill until the dissolution of the houses, in 1881. At the general elections of 1881, he was again a candidate for Three Rivers, but the close of the polls found him in a minority. The election of his successful competitor, Mr. Dumoulin, having been set aside, however, for corruption, a new election took place in March, 1884, and Hon. Mr. Turcotte was again returned to the legislature. At the general elections of the 14th October, 1886, superhuman efforts were made to defeat him, but he once more triumphed with a considerable majority of the popular vote. When Hon. H. Mercier was charged with the formation of a new cabinet for the Province of Quebec, in 1887, Hon. Mr. Turcotte was asked to enter it, and did so as a minister without portfolio. Some months later he was called to act as commissioner of crown lands, during the absence of the actual incumbent, the Hon. Mr. Garneau, who was in Europe, for the benefit of his health. In November, 1887, ill-health having forced Mr. Premier Mercier to take a rest for some time, Hon. Mr. Turcotte was charged by him to act as Premier, and preside over the cabinet councils during his absence. The acting prime minister of Quebec is generally admitted to be one of the most powerful and popular tribunes of his day. In the house, he never speaks without adding new and precious light to any question under debate, and his deliverances are always marked by much originality and independence of thought. He has ever been the friend of the masses, and to his exertions they are indebted for the Quebec Statute, exempting from attachment one-half of workmen’s wages. His industrious habits make him a valuable representative, and he has always taken an active part in public legislation. He has been the author of numerous amendments for the simplification of the civic code, and of the procedure before the Civil Courts. He has also done much for the city of Three Rivers, where, notwithstanding the bitterness of political contests, his name is exceedingly popular. Like his illustrious father, he has contributed largely to the improvement and extension of its railway facilities. The Three Rivers “loop line,” an important local accommodation, is due to his initiative and exertions, and he is actually engaged in promoting another great public enterprise, the Three Rivers and North-Western Railway, which promises most beneficial results. Hon. Mr. Turcotte is a director of the British Empire Life Assurance Company. On 16th January, 1873, he was wedded to Marie Eleanore Isabella, only daughter of Angus Macdonald, of Becancour.

Fabre, Most Rev. Edward C., Roman Catholic Archbishop of Montreal, was born in the city in which he holds such a high and holy office, on the 28th February, 1827. His parents, Edward Raymond Fabre, and Lucy Perrault, were both born in Montreal. His father for many years carried on the business of bookselling, standing, during his lifetime, high in the estimation of his fellow citizens, and was mayor of the city in 1849-50. Archbishop Fabre is the eldest of a family of five children who survive their father. A younger brother, Hon. Louis R. Hector Fabre, occupied a seat in the senate of the Dominion for a number of years, for La Salle; and a sister, Hortense, was married to the late Sir George E. Cartier. The Most Rev. Archbishop Fabre was educated at St. Hyacinthe College, Quebec province, and at Issy, near Paris, in France. He received the tonsure at the hands of Archbishop Affre, of Paris, on the 17th May, 1845, and, returning to Canada, was ordained in Montreal on the 23rd February, 1850, by Bishop Prince. After remaining four years in Montreal, he was appointed curate of Sorel, where he proceeded and entered upon his duties on the 3rd of April, 1850. In 1852 he was promoted to the office of parish priest at Pointe Claire, on the St. Lawrence river, between Lachine and St. Anne. Here he remained until November, 1854, and then returned to the bishop’s palace, at Montreal. He was made a canon on the 25th December, 1855; on the 1st April, 1873, was appointed bishop of Gratianopolis, and was consecrated by Archbishop Taschereau, of Quebec, on the 1st of May following. In 1876, on the resignation of Bishop Bourget, he became bishop of Montreal, and entered upon the important duties of that office in September of that year, and was created Archbishop of the same See on the 8th of June, 1886, on which date the See was created an Archbishopric. Archbishop Fabre has a large territory under his control and superintendence, but he has not shrunk from his duties. He is beloved by his people, and works in the full consciousness that he is in the right path, and has been called of God to do His work on earth.

Mackintosh, Charles H., Journalist, Ottawa, was born in London, Ontario, in 1843. He is a son of the late Captain William Mackintosh, county engineer of Middlesex, Ontario, who came to Canada as an attaché of the ordnance branch of the British army. Mr. Mackintosh has led an unusually active life, and has succeeded in making his way, unaided, from an humble position to one of honor and influence. He was educated at the Galt Grammar school and Caradoc Academy, two well-known institutions at that time. When almost yet a schoolboy he had strong impulses toward a literary life. When the Prince of Wales came to Canada, in 1860, an ode of welcome from the pen of Mr. Mackintosh, then a youth of seventeen, was read in his honor, and presented to His Royal Highness. Two years later, under the title of “Fat Contributor,” he wrote for the London Free Press a series of bright articles which were characteristically named “Hurry-Graphs.” These attracted so wide attention, that the entrance of the young writer into journalism was a foregone conclusion. He gave up the study of law, upon which he had entered, and became first reporter, and soon afterwards city editor of the Free Press. His journalistic career was marked by rapid progress. In 1864 he was city editor of the Hamilton Times. A year later he founded the Dispatch, of Strathroy, which he conducted until 1874. In 1868 he married Gertrude Cooke, daughter of T. Cooke, J.P., of Strathroy. In 1871, he founded the Parkhill Gazette, which he controlled for some time, while still managing the Dispatch. In the same year he unsuccessfully contested North Middlesex as Conservative candidate for the local legislature. In 1871 he visited Chicago during the fire, and wrote a description of the terrible event; 60,000 copies were sold in two weeks. In 1873 he was elected a member of the town council of Strathroy, in which capacity he exhibited talents, as a public man, which afterwards showed to better advantage in a wider sphere. Believing in himself, as all men do who come to the front in human affairs, he deliberately proceeded to fit himself for the higher place in public life which he believed himself destined to fill. Thinking that the protection system which had long been established in the United States would come up for active discussion in Canada, he went to Chicago, accepting the position of managing editor of the Chicago Journal of Commerce. While resident in the western metropolis he studied carefully the protection system, as well as other institutions of the United States. He also wrote a graphic account of the United States “panic, of 1883.” Returning to Canada, he declined an editorial position on the Mail; sold out his interest in the Strathroy Dispatch, and went to Ottawa, where he became editor of the Ottawa Citizen, the Conservative journal of the capital. He at once attracted attention, not only because of the vigorous management and writing of the Citizen, but because of the active interest he displayed in public questions. At the celebration of the O’Connell centennial he wrote a poem which won the gold and silver medal over many others submitted. He was an ardent protectionist long before the Conservative party accepted that system as a plank in their platform, and must be counted as one of the leaders in that great movement. In 1877, the late John Riordon, of St. Catharines, urged Mr. Mackintosh to cooperate with him in reorganizing the Mail, but the offer was again declined. His active interest in public affairs, combined with an unusual share of those qualities which make men popular with their fellows, caused him to be nominated as mayor of Ottawa in 1879, and the result of the election was his return by a large majority. In the two succeeding years he was re-elected, and though unseated on a technicality after the third contest, he was a fourth time favored with the support of the people and fulfilled his term. As mayor of the capital of Canada he inaugurated many reforms which have proved of the greatest benefit to the city. In the general election of 1882 he was one of the Conservative candidates in Ottawa for the House of Commons, and both he and his colleague were elected by sweeping majorities. During his term in parliament he made several speeches which were marked by a combination of keen common sense, full information and finished oratory. He spoke but seldom; but when he took the floor he always secured a careful and attentive hearing. Mr. Mackintosh resigned his seat for Ottawa in July, 1886, but at the request of his friends agreed to hold it until the dissolution, which he did. The capital of Canada is no bed of roses for any active or generous man, and thus the senior member found it, hence his positive objection to being again a candidate. In the last general election Mr. Mackintosh, by the unanimous wish of the Conservative party, contested Russell against Mr. W. C. Edwards, the largest manufacturer and most popular Liberal in the county, and was defeated by a narrow majority, owing mainly to the feeling against the government among the French-Canadians, aroused by the execution of Riel. He polled 2,146 votes, or between 400 and 500 more than were ever given to a Conservative candidate in that county. The Home Rule and Riel cries concentrated at least 1,700 votes solidly against any Conservative nominee, the constituency being largely catholic. The election has been contested, and at this writing the trial on the merits of the case has not been held. Mr. Mackintosh, besides the prominent part he has taken in public affairs, has done much to benefit the Ottawa region by the formation of public works. Notably he was the chief promoter and president of the Gatineau Valley Railway Company, and succeeded in interesting a syndicate of capitalists in the enterprise, so that the road is now under construction. Quite recently Mr. Mackintosh declined to be a candidate for the mayoralty of the capital in 1888.

Paton, Andrew, Sherbrooke, Managing Director of the Paton Manufacturing Company, Sherbrooke, dates his birth on the 5th of April, 1833, near Stirling, Scotland, his parents being James Paton and Mary Harvey, the former dying before his son was born. He received a fair English education, and at an early age became an apprentice to J. and D. Paton, woollen manufacturers, of Tillicoultry, Clackmannanshire, Scotland, for which firm he worked after finishing his apprenticeship. In 1855, Mr. Paton came to this country, engaged in business, with another man, in the manufacture of cloth at Galt, Ontario, and six years later went to Waterloo, in the same province, and continued the same business under the firm name of Paton and Brickes. Mr. Paton was the first man in Canada to make double and twist, or Scotch tweeds. In 1866, he came to Sherbrooke, and took charge of what shortly afterwards became the Paton Manufacturing Company, he supervising the erection of all the buildings now owned by that company, one-half being put up that year, and the rest in 1872. The main building next the office is 212 feet long, and four stories above the basement; the other large building is 216 feet long, and five stories high. Besides these two buildings, which are used for carding, spinning, weaving and finishing, are the dye rooms, 150 feet long; dressing room, 100 feet long, and three stories high including basement; two warehouses the same height, and over 100 feet long; and a number of other buildings, including boiler-houses, machine and carpenters’ shops, office, etc., all of solid brick. It is the largest factory of the kind in the Dominion of Canada, being a twenty-two set mill. The ground plan of the several buildings, their construction and internal arrangement, and the whole management of this mammoth institution are highly creditable to the mechanical talents and business capacity of Mr. Paton. The company gives employment to about five hundred and fifty men, women and children, and pays out to those operatives more than $140,000 annually. Such mills add largely to the population of a town or city, and greatly benefit the surrounding country, as well as the place in which they are located, affording a ready and good market to the farmers in the vicinity for their wool, wood, etc. The leading fabrics manufactured in this mill are tweeds, cassimeres, overcoatings, shoe-cloth and military cloth, in all about 1,000,000 yards, representing a money value of $600,000. It is needless to say that to act as managing-director of such a concern, and to do it well, requires a clear head as well as an active body, and an almost ubiquitous presence. Yet Mr. Paton is cool, calculating, far-seeing and methodical, and never seemingly in a hurry. He thoroughly learned the business of cloth-making in the first place, understands it to perfection, and everything in the mill moves like clock-work. Mr. Paton has done good work in the city council, of which he was a member for eight years, acting as chairman of the Fire Committee, and has been a trustee of the Congregational church, in which he has a membership. He is a man of solid Christian character, and one of those citizens whom Sherbrooke could ill spare. In 1859, he was joined in marriage with Isabella Moir, an estimable Scotch lady, and they have six children.

Colfer, George William, Lieutenant-Colonel (Retired List), late 61st Battalion Montmagny and l’Islet Volunteer Infantry, Barrister and Chief-Clerk Provincial Secretary’s Office, Quebec, was born at Quebec, 31st January, 1837, youngest son of Charles Colfer, of Banna, county Wexford, Ireland, who came to this country in 1820, and was one of the principal founders of St. Patrick’s Church, Quebec, in which he was buried, on 19th December, 1843, and of Eliza Burke Henley, whose family came from Tipperary, and settled in Newfoundland towards the end of the last century. Educated at Quebec Seminary and Laval University, and finished a complete collegiate course at St. Mary’s (Jesuit) College, Montreal, in July, 1856. In November of the same year he entered the office of the eminent legal firm of Holt & Irvine, and after fulfilling his indentures with them, and following the law courses at Laval University, was admitted to the Quebec bar, on 7th January, 1861. When confederation was established, he entered the civil service of his native province, on 17th July, 1867, as chief clerk of the Executive Council, where he remained until November, 1869, when he was transferred to his present office. He was private secretary to the first premier of Quebec, Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, during the whole of his tenure of office, and also to several of his successors. He was called upon, on several occasions, while attending to his own duties, to replace, for lengthened periods, the assistant provincial secretary, and also acted as deputy provincial registrar for over a year. He acted also as A.D.C. and secretary, at various times, to the two first lieutenant-governors of Quebec. Lieut.-Col. Colfer might, perhaps, have attained a high position in his profession, but having a taste for things military, and not being anxious at the time about his bread and cheese, he undertook to go contrary to Cicero’s Cedant arma togæ, and paid more attention to the sword than to the gown. Having joined the Quebec cavalry, now the Q. O. C. Hussars, in 1857, he left that corps as regimental sergeant-major in November, 1864, to join the Military School, formed at Quebec, under Colonel Gordon, C.B., H. M. 17th Regiment. In December following he obtained first and second-class certificates, was immediately gazetted captain 2nd Battalion Quebec Regiment Service Militia, under 27 Vict., cap. 2, sec. 19, and sent to Arthabaska to superintend draft in that district, on 30th December, 1864-65. Drill instructor to Parliamentary Drill Association, composed of members during session of 1864-65, under the late Lieut.-Col. Suzor, A.A.G. The association was reviewed and complimented by His Excellency Lord Monck and Sir E. P. Taché, Kt. In 1865 he was appointed, April 25th, adjutant 1st Western Administrative Battalion for frontier service. He proceeded to Windsor, Ontario, on 26th same month, and served with the battalion until its recall in July following. In September, 1865, he was present at cadet camp, Laprairie, under Colonel (now Lord) Wolseley, and promoted to sergeant, the highest rank given, field and staff officers being regulars. In June, 1866—Fenian raid—he volunteered as cadet, and signed muster-roll for service in any capacity. He volunteered also to take over a company of 8th battalion R.R., as captain, if ordered to the front. In 1869-70 he attended the school, formed at Quebec, to learn new drill. In June, 1871, he was appointed paymaster of the 61st battalion Volunteer Infantry. He served as camp quartermaster of the divisional camp at Lévis. In September and October, he was present at battalion camp 61st Cap St. Ignace. In December, 1871, and January, 1872, he was A.D.C. and secretary to the lieutenant-governor of Quebec. In July he was with the battalion at divisional camp at Lévis. On June 28th he was appointed major of the 61st Battalion. He was present at successive camps, as ordered. From the 1st September to the 1st October, he was A.D.C. and secretary to the lieutenant-governor. On November 30th, 1877, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel 61st battalion. He was present at all successive camps, and served on brigade staff, as musketry instructor, in 1882. He retired, retaining rank, in July, 1883. He was married, 26th November, 1866, to Mary Rebecca Blakiston, daughter of Raymond Blakiston, of the ancient family of Blakiston, of Durham, England (whose father, at one time, expected to fall heir to a great part of the Tempest estates, through his great grandmother, Margaret Tempest, and which are now held by Vane Tempest, Marquis of Londonderry), and Elizabeth Jane Henn, of the distinguished Henn family, of Paradise Hill, county Clare, Ireland. Mrs. Colfer has always been known as a distinguished pianist, and a vocalist of rare power and sweetness. When a pupil at the Ursuline Convent, Quebec, she was chosen to sing the “Ode to the Prince of Wales,” to her own harp accompaniment, when His Royal Highness visited that institution, in 1860. She also wields a graceful and facile pen; is the author of “Stray Leaves,” and several short sketches, and often contributes to the local press, French and English, under her nom de plume. The issue of this marriage was one son and six daughters; five daughters survive, the eldest of whom graduated this year (1887) at the Jesu Marie Convent, Sillery, and had the honor of carrying off the Marquis of Lansdowne’s medal, for excellence. The Colonel was born, and hopes to die, a Roman Catholic. He is a member of the St. Patrick’s Literary Institute, of which he has been, at different times, president and vice-president; of the Quebec Historical Society, and of the Quebec Geographical Society. Being a member of the civil service, he does not consider it becoming to take part in political matters, though free to have his own opinions.

Nault, Joseph, the present joint Registrar of St. Hyacinthe, province of Quebec, was born at St. Ours, on the 17th of April, 1841. Early in life his father, Jean Baptiste Nault, who is a well known farmer of Quebec, married Edes’n Girouard, and in 1886 they celebrated their golden wedding at which eighty relatives, consisting of eight children with their families and some other distant connections were present. Joseph Nault, the subject of this sketch, received his education at the St. Hyacinthe Seminary, where he took a full classical course. In 1865 he passed his examination, and was duly admitted as a notary for the province of Quebec. He was secretary of the city of St. Hyacinthe from 1868 to 1874, and only retired from that office in order to take a position in the bank of St. Hyacinthe. In 1879, having received the appointment of joint registrar, he resigned his position in the bank, of which he is now a director. He has taken a great interest in the municipal affairs of St. Hyacinthe, where he occupied the position of alderman from 1874 to 1879, and was one of the promoters of the St. Hyacinthe waterworks, which were erected in 1875, and of which he is secretary and also a shareholder. Since 1878 he has been president of the school commissioners. He belongs to the prevailing religious denomination in Quebec, the Roman Catholic church, and in politics is a Liberal. He was married on the 8th of November, 1864, to Flavie Bourgeois, and has a family of nine children and two grandchildren.

Ouimet, Hon. Gédéon, Q.C., D.C.L., Quebec, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec, officer of Public Instruction of France, Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great, member of the “Academie des Arcades de Rome,” president of the Council of Public Instruction, and of the Roman Catholic Committee, of the province of Quebec, was born in Ste. Rose, Laval county, on the 3rd June, 1823. His father, Jean Ouimet, farmer, was descended from an old French family; and his mother was Marie Bontron dit Major. Mr. Ouimet received a classical education at the colleges of St. Hyacinthe and Montreal, having at the last named place been under the charge of the noted instructor, l’Abbé Duchaine. He studied law with Mr. Sicotte, who was afterwards promoted to the bench, and was admitted to the bar, at Montreal, in August, 1844. Mr. Ouimet practised his profession for about five years, when he removed to Vaudreuil. In October, 1853, he returned to Montreal, and continued his profession along with L. S. Morin and L. W. Marchand, and afterwards with P. Morean and J. A. Chapleau. He soon rose to prominence in his profession, and was highly respected by his fellow-citizens. He was created a Queen’s counsel in 1867, and for a period served as bâtonnier for Quebec province. In 1869 he filled the position of president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Montreal. He has also held the president’s chair of the Institut Canadien-Français; and is a member of the Literary and Historical Society; and the Geographical Society of Quebec. He was appointed commissioner to the Indian and Colonial Exhibition, in 1886. Entering political life, he represented the county of Beauharnois from 1857 to 1861 in the Legislative Assembly of Canada. From Confederation in 1867 to 1876 he represented the county of Two Mountains in the Quebec legislature, and was attorney-general of the province until February, 1873, when he became premier, minister of public instruction (succeeding the Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau), and provincial secretary. At that time it was necessary that the minister of public instruction should be a member of the parliament; but after a while it became evident to observant statesmen that the two positions were too burdensome for one man to hold, if not inimical to the best interests of education. Consequently, in 1875, the Assembly passed an act abolishing the dual office, and the administration of the educational affairs of the province was put in the same position it was before confederation, namely, in charge of a superintendent. The judgment of the proper authorities, as well as public sentiment, pointed to the Hon. Mr. Ouimet as the person best fitted to this highly responsible position, and he was, on the 1st February, 1876, appointed superintendent of public instruction for the province, when he retired from public life. Since that time educational matters have been greatly improved; and in all cases in which Protestant and Roman Catholic educational interests infringed upon each other, or came into collision, he has succeeded in smoothing down the conflicting elements by his strictly impartial decisions. And judging from his many published addresses, and the frequency of his visits to Protestant schools on public occasions, it cannot be questioned that he is at heart a real friend of education, irrespective of creed or nationality. His well-known urbanity, legal eminence, experience in public business, and impartial zeal in the cause of public education not only qualify him, in a mixed community like that of Quebec, for the important public post which he occupies, but justify the bright future for education in his province. Hon. Mr. Ouimet is a D.C.L. of the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, and of Laval University. He is the author of the “Law on District Magistrates”; and while in the legislature he secured important amendments to the law relating to the qualification of jurors in criminal cases, and also in the code of procedure. Herein it will be seen that he has, in more ways than one, and is still leaving the impress of his well-disciplined and powerful mind in the archives of his native province. In 1878 he was named by the French government “Officier d’Instruction publique,” as a mark of distinction and approbation of the scholastic exhibition of Quebec province during the International Exhibition held in Paris that year. In August, 1850 he was married to Jane Pellant, daughter of the late Alexis Pellant, and they have had a family of six children, five of whom are married.

Gauvreau, Rev. Antoine, Parish Priest, Lévis, was born at Rimouski, on the 22nd September, 1841. His father was Pierre Gauvreau, a notary public, and his mother Elizabeth Dubergès. Rev. Mr. Gauvreau was sent to the college of Ste. Anne de Lapocatière, in the county of Kamouraska, where he followed a complete course of classical studies. At the completion of his course he determined to enter the holy orders, and with that purpose in view was admitted to Laval University to study theology. On the 2nd of October, 1864, he was ordained priest, and appointed missionary vicar to the parish of Rivière-au-Renard, Gaspé. This charge he retained until 1866, when he was called to the city of Quebec, to assume the duties of almoner at the archbishop’s palace, being at the same time chaplain to the Sisters of Charity, the Christian Brothers, and St. Vincent de Paul Society. In 1870 he was removed by his ordinary to the curacy of St. Nicholas, Lévis county, where he remained until 1875. He was then transferred to Ste. Anne de Beaupré, the place of pilgrimage of the Roman Catholics of the whole American continent. Every summer thousands of devout pilgrims wend their way to the shrine of the saint. It is said that the number of people who visited Ste. Anne this season (1887) exceeded one hundred thousand. Two golden crowns of great value were lately presented to the present curate of Ste. Anne by the citizens of Quebec, and his eminence Cardinal Taschereau presided at the ceremonies incidental to the blessing of the princely gift. The attendance was so large that an altar was improvised and high mass was said in the open air, an eloquent proof that faith is still deep-rooted in the hearts of the faithful of the province of Quebec, reports to the contrary notwithstanding. Rev. Mr. Gauvreau exercised his ministry in Ste. Anne until 1878, when he took charge of the important parish of St. Romuald d’Etchemins, county of Lévis, and retained it until 1882. At that date he removed to Lévis, and has had charge of that parish ever since. Rev. Mr. Gauvreau is remembered in all the parishes over which he presided as a kind and considerate pastor.

Peck, Charles Allison, Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, Barrister-at-law, was born at Hopewell, in the county of Albert, N.B., on the 12th August, 1840. He was educated at Fredericton. Mr. Peck is the youngest son of Elisha and Sarah Peck. His father was an extensive landowner in the county, and captain in the militia, and was one of the first appointed to the magistracy. Charles Allison Peck studied law in the office of the late Sir Albert J. Smith, and was called to the bar in Easter Term, 1861, receiving a first-class certificate. Shortly after he formed a law co-partnership with the Hon. Bliss Botsford, at present Judge Botsford, and practised his profession at Hopewell, residing upon the old homestead. He first appeared in public life in 1865, when he unsuccessfully contested Albert on the Quebec scheme of confederation, to which he was opposed, against the Hon. John Lewis and A. R. McLellan, but was defeated by a small majority. After the union in 1867 he was elected to the New Brunswick Legislature for Albert, where he sat for three sessions, and was generally found supporting progressive legislation; but devoted much of his time to the Albert Railway question, the necessary legislation for which railway he secured against much opposition, the construction of this railway being largely due to his efforts while in the legislature, and subsequently. He was the solicitor of the company until its completion. He organized, and was the first president of, the Albert Southern Railway. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. He has more than once declined candidature for political honors, preferring to devote himself to his profession. Mr. Peck was appointed captain of the militia; trustee of Albert county Grammar School; and is a referee in equity. He is not a member of any religions denomination, but a liberal supporter of all. Mr. Peck was married, in 1864, to Amelia, youngest daughter of the late Solomon Nichols, of the city of St. John, who was president of the Bank of New Brunswick at the time of his death. Mrs. Peck is an Episcopalian; and her ancestors were loyalists, who, on coming to the Maritime provinces, left behind them at Flushing, New York state, large and valuable properties. They have two sons, Henry Brougham and Charles Allison, and one daughter, Celia Isabel Frances. The elder son, Henry, who is a student at law, recently entered the civil service.