FMFM 1-1, MARINE BAYONET TRAINING, is one of a series of Fleet Marine Force Manuals covering the tactics and techniques to be employed in operations and training by the operating forces of the Marine Corps. It is made available to other Services for information and use as desired. The purposes of FMFM 1-1 are:

Beginning with a brief history of bayonet fighting and the evolution to the present technique employed by the Marine Corps, individual and group attack and defense are described. Training techniques, use of the pugil stick, and construction of an assault course are included.

This publication supersedes NAVMC 1135-AO3, BAYONET FIGHTING, dated 22 March 1957, copies of which may be destroyed without report.

Recommendations for improvements to this manual are invited. Comments and recommended changes should be forwarded to the Coordinator, Marine Corps Landing Force Development Activities, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia 22134.

[Pg i]

MARINE BAYONET TRAINING

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
	Paragraph	Page
General	101	1
Principles of Bayonet Fighting	102	10
SECTION 2: POSITION AND MOVEMENTS
General	201	13
The Guard Position	202	14
Change of Direction	203	18
Foot Movements	204	18
SECTION 3: INDIVIDUAL ATTACK
General	301	23
The Slash	302	23
The Vertical Butt Stroke	303	27
The Smash	304	31
The Horizontal Butt Stroke	305	34
The Jab	306	38[Pg ii]
SECTION 4: INDIVIDUAL DEFENSE
General	401	43
Parry Right	402	43
Parry Left	403	44
Block Against Slash	404	46
Block Against Vertical Butt Stroke	405	48
SECTION 5: COMBINATION MOVEMENTS
General	501	51
List of Movements	502	52
SECTION 6: GROUP ATTACK AND DEFENSE
General	601	53
Group Attack	602	53
Group Defense	603	54
SECTION 7: TRAINING
General	701	59
Demonstration and Application of the Basic Fundamentals	702	60
The Assault Course	703	62
The Pugil Stick	704	73
INDEX		83

101. GENERAL

a. Evolution of the Bayonet.—The bayonet is the infantry weapon which has changed the least during the development and refinement of weapons of war during the last three hundred years. There are several suggested origins of the bayonet. Some sources suggest that it derives from the Baioniers, crossbowmen of the middle ages, who carried a large knife or dagger to supplement their crossbows. Other sources credit the smugglers of Basque with using a bayonet-type weapon as a last ditch defense. Most English literature sources give the credit to Seigneur Marecal de Puysegur who, in 1647, at Ypres, France, ordered his troops to insert their daggers into the muzzles of their muskets after firing. De Puysegur and his unit were from Bayonne, France, a town known for dagger manufacture, hence the term bayonet.

(1) Early infantry commanders employed a warrior known as a pikeman, armed with a knife attached to the end of a quarterstaff, to defend the musketeers from an enemy charge while the musket was reloaded. Reloading was a time consuming operation and the musketeer was[Pg 2] vulnerable during the time his weapon was empty. The pikeman stationed himself in front of the musketeer and warded off any enemy assault with his pike until the musketeer was again ready to fire. De Puysegur’s development thus enabled the musketeer to assume both functions of the “medieval fire team.” This so called plug bayonet was used for a period of forty to fifty years. It consisted of a long dagger with a tapered shaft which was inserted into the muzzle of the musket. The taper was necessary since muzzle diameters were not standardized. The plug bayonet fitted snugly into the muzzle of the musket and was difficult to remove. This was necessary in order to prevent it being withdrawn by the enemy. The musket could not be fired with the bayonet inserted, a significant disadvantage. The plug bayonet lost favor when it contributed to the defeat of the English at the hands of the Scots at Killiecrankie, Scotland, in 1689. The English were ordered to fix bayonets after firing a volley at the Scots. The British commander then discovered that his troops were further from the Scots than he had originally thought. He ordered bayonets detached and muskets reloaded. Before loading could be accomplished the Scots closed with the English and thoroughly routed them. The English commander, Hugh MacKay, having noted the disadvantages of the plug bayonet, developed a modification which came to be known as the ring bayonet. The ring bayonet was similar to the plug bayonet, but the tapered shaft was inserted between two rings fastened to the[Pg 3] muzzle, allowing the musket to be fired with the bayonet attached. There is some evidence that a similar device was being used in France ten years prior to the engagement at Killiecrankie, indicating that the ring bayonet was not an English invention.

(2) The ring bayonet still left much to be desired. The lack of standardization made a secure fit difficult, and the rings had a tendency to stretch out of shape with use, rendering the bayonet useless. This led to the next development of a new bayonet, known as the socket bayonet. The socket bayonet was introduced in the early 1690’s. The lower part of the bayonet was shaped like an elbow, leaving the blade well out of the line of fire and seating the bayonet firmly on the barrel. Again, lack of standardization made it impossible to produce a single model which would fit even a small number of the weapons of one unit. Also, a sudden tug by an enemy would dislodge the bayonet from the barrel. These difficulties led to further advancements in bayonet design, in an attempt to find a rapidly attachable bayonet which could be held securely to the barrel. One development made the bayonet part of the musket itself. This was accomplished by splitting the socket sleeve of the ring lengthwise permitting a wider opening which could be hammered closed to obtain a snug fit. Experiments with slots, rings, catches, clasps, springs, and other assorted devices were made in an attempt to develop a more satisfactory bayonet.

(3) The bayonet as we know it today has its origins at the beginning of the 19th century. Late in the 18th century a major bayonet modification appeared, the sword bayonet. This has been the prototype for most bayonets since that date. The now familiar knife blade bayonet came into general use about the same time as the introduction of the magazine rifle, just prior to the Civil War. There were a variety of shapes and sizes ranging from the sword-like, 24-inch blade down to the dagger-type, 10-inch blade. Typically, there were a variety of short-lived variations and multiuse bayonets. There were saw-toothed blades for use by engineer troops, saber-edged blades for use by the cavalry, spade-shaped blades to help the infantryman dig in, and bolo-knife blades for cutting through the jungles. In addition, there was a ramrod/cleaning rod blade consisting of a long cleaning rod, sharpened to a point at one end and folding under the barrel like the old fashioned cleaning rod. None of these modifications were adopted for long. At this point the rifleman had an instrument with which he could protect himself as he reloaded his weapon. It served to protect him and better his morale when rain had soaked his powder or wind had blown the powder from his pan. He could now defend himself against the sabre slashes of the cavalry or a charge by the infantry.

b. Development of Bayonet Fighting Techniques.—The bayonet was developed to protect[Pg 5] the musketeer while he reloaded his weapon, a defensive mission. The tactics employed were an individual or unit matter; there was no published doctrine for bayonet fighting. However, as weapons improved and rapid fire, longer range weapons were developed, the troops were more widely dispersed on the battlefield. The percentage of time spent in close combat with the enemy was reduced. As a result, the use of the bayonet, a close combat weapon, was also reduced. There is little said about the use of the bayonet in the American Civil War and Spanish-American War.

(1) The development of the machinegun and refinements in artillery reversed the trend toward battlefield mobility and World War I was a static conflict in which trench warfare was employed. There were great concentrations of troops, sometimes in close proximity to one another. The bayonet was extremely important in trench fighting, and the experience gained in World War I led to the publication of the first manuals on bayonet fighting doctrine. The bayonet was depicted as an offensive weapon, used in assaulting enemy troops in trenches. Many of the principles appearing in these manuals are still valid today. Early doctrine pictured the bayonet as essential for successful culmination of the attack. Artillery fire was capable of demolishing enemy trenches, but this was undesirable since the trenches would have to be redug to defend against the inevitable counterattack. Therefore the only way to drive the enemy from his trenches[Pg 6] without destroying the trench and burying him was through the bayonet assault. The doctrine set forth in these manuals regarding attitude, standardization of movements, and practice for bayonet fighting was as follows:

(a) The bayonet fighter was given a firm knowledge of the underlying principles of bayonet combat. The bayonet was regarded as an individual weapon and each bayonet fighter was taught in such a manner as to take advantage of his own physical characteristics. No attempt was made to set down prescribed standards as to the position of feet or hands on the weapon. Each bayonet fighter was left free to choose positions and movements most natural to him.

(b) Instructors corrected individual errors, but took advantage of any particular skill possessed by any individual. Instructors tried to develop to the fullest degree the proficiency of the individual, consistent with his physique and degree of development, but guarded against attempting to make a precise parade or calisthenic drill of bayonet training.

(c) Assumption of a vicious, aggressive attitude was the “spirit of the bayonet.” An actual bayonet fight was depicted as lasting only a few seconds during which time the bayonet fighter was to kill his opponent or be killed himself. The necessity for aggressive action was as obvious then as it is today. The enemy was to[Pg 7] be forced on the defensive; the battle was won if this was achieved. The attack consisted of a succession of thrusts, cuts, feints, and butt strokes delivered in succession and without pause, so as not to allow the opponent to recover.

(d) The employment of teamwork in the bayonet assault was emphasized. The assaulting troops remained on line. An individual who got too far ahead and was killed before assistance could arrive was not contributing to a successful assault. Similarly, an individual who remained behind was useless in the assault.

(2) The individual attack movements described in early manuals closely resemble those taught and employed today. Today’s system is somewhat simpler and facilitates better balance of the bayonet fighter and control of the weapon. Training consisted of individual familiarization with the movements, the use of dummies, thrusting rings, and practice in assaulting enemy trenches with troops on line. The latter category received more emphasis. Dummies were placed in trenches and attacked by bayonet fighters. The system of bayonet fighting taught to American fighting men during World War II closely resembled that employed during World War I. The basics of this system were established in 1905 and changed very little through the conduct of World Wars I and II. Bayonets were employed during World War I principally in the assault of enemy trenches, while, in World War II, their[Pg 8] employment was extended to include seizure of key enemy held terrain objectives.

(3) The bayonet fighting system currently taught and employed by the Marine Corps was developed by Doctor Armond H. Seidler, professor in the Department of Physical Education at the University of Illinois. Dr. Seidler was a bayonet instructor in the U.S. Army during World War II when the Biddle system was taught. He felt the movements of the old system were awkward and difficult to execute, and often caused the bayonet fighter to lose his balance. If the bayonet fighter failed to disable his opponent with the first blow he was then frequently left at the enemy’s mercy. Dr. Seidler was convinced that the movements of the Biddle system were unnatural and this would result in their being discarded in an actual bayonet fight, and the bayonet fighter resorting to a disorganized attack on his enemy. Under the Seidler system the guard position remains the basic position. All movements begin from the guard position and each movement consists of an attack and a recovery. The recovery is a return to the guard position. In the execution of a movement, the two phases follow without deliberate pause. This makes the entire movement a uniformly smooth action. The attack may be continued without returning to the guard position, either by repeating the same movement or utilizing another followup movement. Followup movements are designed so that a blocked initial[Pg 9] movement sets the opponent up for the delivery of another killing blow without the bayonet fighter having to return to the guard position and without loss of balance.

c. The Importance of the Bayonet.—The importance of the bayonet cannot be measured by the frequency of its use or the number of casualties for which it accounts. It is indispensable because of the confidence it breeds in the individual fighting man, and the willingness instilled in him to close with the enemy and destroy him. Closing with and destroying the enemy is the mission of the infantry, and the major importance of the bayonet is that it allows the individual Marine to accomplish this mission under a wide variety of conditions. The bayonet is always loaded and always operative.

(1) The importance of assuming the offense as a principle of war cannot be questioned. The bayonet is a symbol of the offense; of aggressiveness. It gives the infantryman courage and confidence, provided he is properly trained in its use. It gives individual infantrymen a more offensive attitude, and better enables them to accomplish their mission in the final assault. It gives them a means of personal protection, contributing to their security and safety. In addition to its offensive roles, the bayonet can serve as a last ditch protective measure.

(2) In situations where friendly and enemy troops are mingled in hand-to-hand combat, rifle[Pg 10] fire may hit friendly personnel. However, the bayonet is more selective and kills only the person into which it is thrust. As long as the infantry closes with the enemy this capability remains important. In situations of reduced visibility the presence of the bayonet may discourage premature firing and the tragedy which can result from it. For a discussion of the employment of bayonets in the control of riots and civil disturbances, see FMFM 6-4, Marine Rifle Company/Platoon.

(3) When stealth is required the bayonet is irreplaceable. It is flexible, capable of being fixed to the end of the rifle or held as a knife, silent and deadly. It gives the riflemen two capacities, bullets and blade. Bayonet drill is an excellent physical conditioner. The bayonet assault course is strenuous exercise and develops a combination of fitness and skill that contributes to the creation of total military fitness.

102. PRINCIPLES OF BAYONET FIGHTING

The bayonet fighter should be aggressive, ruthless, savage, and vicious. Herein lies the key to success with the bayonet. He must never pause in his attack until he has killed his enemy. He must follow each vicious attack with another, remembering that if he does not kill his opponent, his opponent will kill him. Hesitation, delay, and excess maneuvering may result in death. The primary aim of the bayonet fighter is to get his[Pg 11] blade into the enemy. All defensive moves, butt strokes, and footwork drive towards this end. They are actions taken to enable the bayonet fighter to sink his blade, for it is the blade that kills. He aims for the vital areas of the enemy. The throat is the best target, but the belly and chest are also vulnerable. When the enemy seeks to protect one vital area, he attacks another. He hacks, cuts, and slashes the face, arms, and hands in order to get to the vital areas. He makes maximum use of the rifle butt to open up vital areas. He delivers the butt strokes hard and close in, then kills with the blade. If the opponent gives no opening, he makes one by parrying his weapon. If required, the bayonet fighter protects himself through blocks and parries. The rifle and bayonet make a good shield. The best defense is not to allow the opponent to take the offensive. The successful bayonet fighter strikes the first blow and follows up with the kill. Training and practice are the only way to attain proper form, accuracy, agility, and speed with the rifle and feet. Practice and training in these traits lead to coordination, balance, speed, and endurance. The bayonet fighter must continue to practice these movements until they become second nature, and his attack as natural as running.

201. GENERAL

a. The basic starting and recovery position in bayonet fighting is the guard position. From this position all movements can originate. This includes movements to attack an enemy, which will be covered in section 3; movements to change direction; and movements of the feet. These movements are natural, instinctive, and easy to teach and execute. They bear a close resemblance to the established athletic skill of boxing. Although the hands are held in a relatively fixed position, the arm and foot movements, feinting, speed, and balance are markedly similar. In this system, the rifle and bayonet are used as a club or quarterstaff, as well as a spear. There is no sportsmanship in bayonet fighting. The opponent must be destroyed, not merely defeated.

b. Descriptions of movements will state approximate distances. These distances may be adjusted to suit the individual. All movements described are for a right-handed bayonet fighter.

c. The rifle and bayonet in the hands of a trained Marine become a deadly combination of spear, sword, club, and shield.

202. THE GUARD POSITION

a. General.—As in boxing the basic position of the bayonet fighter is the GUARD position. The bayonet fighter in this position is relaxed and alert. The initial attack movement begins from this position. Each movement consists of an attack and a recovery. The recovery is in fact a return to the guard position. In executing a movement the phases follow each other without a deliberate pause, thus making the entire movement a uniformly smooth action. The attack may be continued without returning to the guard position by repeating the same movement or utilizing another movement. In the guard position the bayonet fighter is ready to move into the attack to ward off his enemy. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate front and side views of a bayonet fighter in the guard position.

b. Position of the Feet.—The feet are spread apart about shoulder width. The left foot is about 6 inches forward of the right, in line with the right instep.

c. Position of the Body.—The body is held erect or bent slightly forward from the hips, if this is more comfortable. The knees are slightly bent, and the weight is evenly balanced on the balls of both feet. The right elbow is slightly forward of the right hip in a relaxed, natural position and the right forearm is held approximately parallel to the deck depending on [Pg 17]the size of the individual. The head is held high permitting continuous eye contact with the opponent. The opponent’s facial expression, especially the eyes, may give the bayonet fighter warning of his intentions, but the bayonet fighter must also keep the opponent’s feet and hands in view through peripheral vision.

d. Position of the Hands.—The hands grip the rifle firmly, but not tensely. The left hand grasps the rifle just below the upper sling swivel, under the sling. The right hand holds the small of the stock behind the trigger guard.

e. Position of the Rifle.—The rifle is held so it bisects the angle made by the neck and the left shoulder. It is held a sufficient distance from the chest to contribute to the balance of the bayonet fighter, usually 10 to 15 inches. The right arm is bent slightly providing a firm, solid position. The extended position of the arms protects the bayonet fighter’s body against an attacker’s blows and permits ready parry movements. In the guard position the rifle is held as in port arms, except that the sling and cutting edge of the blade face the opponent.

f. The Growl.—A yell or growl can be effective prior to an attack to temporarily stun the opponent and cause him to freeze momentarily. This yell or growl should be a short, loud, vicious noise, executed in much the same manner[Pg 18] as a tiger growls just before he pounces on his victim. The yell or growl adds a feeling of aggressiveness, self-confidence, and force to each attack movement.

203. CHANGE OF DIRECTION

a. General.—The whirl is used to face an opponent not positioned directly to the bayonet fighter’s front. Whirl movements are executed by pivoting on the foot of the side to which the change of direction is to be made. The rifle and bayonet are held in the guard position during the execution of the whirl.

b. Execution of the Whirl.—It is possible to whirl 180° to the right or left, pivoting on the foot closest to the opponent. It is not necessary to whirl the entire 180° if stopping short of that distance permits the bayonet fighter to face his opponent.

204. FOOT MOVEMENTS

a. General.—Proper foot movements must be utilized in order to enable the bayonet fighter to maintain balance and maneuverability of his body at all times, and thus retain the capability of delivering effective attack movements. The feet are picked up and set down with a slight stomp in the shuffle. They are not slid along the ground. On the battlefield there are numerous obstacles to trip the bayonet fighter who slides[Pg 19] his feet. One foot is kept on the deck at all times. Never bring the feet together as this results in vulnerability to the slightest attack or push. The shuffle is used to the front or either side.

b. Shuffle Right.—To shuffle right, step to the right about 15 inches with the right foot, and follow with the left foot. To move to the right front, execute a partial whirl to the right and then shuffle forward in the desired direction. Figure 3 illustrates steps involved in the shuffle right movement.

c. Shuffle Left.—To shuffle left, follow the same procedure for shuffle right, except move the left foot to the left and follow with the right. To move to the left front execute a partial whirl to the left and then shuffle forward in the desired[Pg 20] direction. See figure 4 for an illustration of the shuffle left movement.

d. Shuffle Forward.—To shuffle forward, step about 15 inches forward with the left foot and follow with the right foot to assume the guard position. See figure 5 for an illustration of the shuffle forward.

301. GENERAL

There are five basic attack movements; the slash (to include the horizontal slash), vertical butt stroke, smash, horizontal butt stroke, and jab. The movements described for hands, feet, and body are done simultaneously, both in the attack and during recovery to the guard position.

302. THE SLASH

(2) Step forward about 15 inches with the left foot, keeping the right foot in place as a base. (See fig. 6.)

(3) Hold the right hand in place, extending the left arm almost fully, while pulling back on the butt with the right arm. Swing the edge of the bayonet forward and down in a slashing arc aimed at the opponent’s neck area.

(4) The step forward and the extension of the left arm are performed simultaneously. The forward step adds force to the slashing movement.

(5) At full extension of the arms, when delivery of the blow is complete, the bayonet should be flat. The left arm is extended, and the right forearm is held along the stock of the rifle, approximately waist high. (See fig. 7.)

b. Horizontal Slash.—There is a variation to this movement known as the horizontal slash. The difference is that the bayonet fighter steps forward with the left foot and rotates his body to the right by pivoting on the right foot. At the same time bring the rifle and bayonet to a relatively horizontal position in front of the body. Simultaneously, the right arm is pulled across the body and a hooking action is executed with the left arm. This slash is directed on a horizontal plane at the opponent’s head, neck or side.

303. THE VERTICAL BUTT STROKE

(3) Using the left hand as a pivot for the rifle, drive the right hand forward and upward in an uppercut type motion. Aim the butt of the rifle at the groin. If the opponent bends to avoid being hit in the groin, his midsection and chin will protrude. In this event, carry the stroke upward until contact is made with his midsection or chin along the centerline of his body.

(4) Execute the step and uppercut motion at the same time to add force to the blow. (See figs. 9 and 10.)

(1) Pull the right hand back and down until the right elbow is again slightly forward of the right hip in a relaxed, natural position.

304. THE SMASH

a. Execution.—The smash, frequently used as a followup to the vertical or horizontal butt stroke, is executed as follows:

(2) Draw the left arm back to the neck area. The rifle is held with sling up. The rifle is now over the left shoulder, parallel to the deck. (See fig. 11.)

(3) Step toward the opponent about 15 inches with the right foot, slamming the rifle butt into the opponent’s face by extending the arms about 6 inches toward the target, the rifle remains parallel to the deck. (See fig. 12.)

(4) Follow with the left foot after the blow has been struck. If further extension of the arms is necessary, the bayonet fighter should shuffle forward and again execute the smash.

b. Recovery to the Guard Position.—Step forward with the left foot about 15 inches, assuming the guard position.

305. THE HORIZONTAL BUTT STROKE

(2) Step forward approximately 20 inches forward with the right foot, using the left foot as a pivot point. (See fig. 13.)

(3) Simultaneously, bring the rifle butt across in a horizontal arc, using the left hand as a pivot point. The right arm is almost completely extended. This is a fast hooking action.

(4) During delivery the rifle is held flat on its side so the toe of the rifle and the sling are pointed toward the target. If the rifle is not held flat, it is possible that the stock will be broken by the force of an aggressive butt stroke. (See figs. 14 and 15.)

(6) The step, pivot, and blow should all occur simultaneously in order to add force to the blow.

306. THE JAB

(2) Move the left hand downward diagonally across the body, extending the left arm fully. At this point the blade of the bayonet should be flat, pointed toward the opponent. At the same time, pull the small of the stock to the rear with the right hand until the cone of the stock is opposite the hip bone and the right forearm is resting along the flat of the stock with the sling turned out. (See fig. 16.)

(4) Step forward about 15 inches with the left foot, pushing forward with the shoulders, and thrusting the blade into the opponent. (See figs. 17 and 18.)

(1) Withdraw the blade and bring the right hand down and forward while bringing the left hand back.

401. GENERAL

At times the bayonet fighter may lose the initiative and the opponent may move into the attack. Some defensive measures are therefore necessary for protection and in order to permit the bayonet fighter to regain the initiative. The basic defensive moves are the block and parry. The parry is effective against the jab, while the block is used against the slash and the vertical butt stroke. Timing, speed, and judgment are key factors in handling defensive moves. The parry is done either to the right or left, depending on the position of the incoming blade. If the opponent’s blade comes in above the bayonet fighter’s piece, the parry should be to the right. If it comes in below the bayonet fighter’s piece, the parry should be to the left.

402. PARRY RIGHT

(1) If the opponent’s blade is thrust toward the bayonet fighter in a position above the piece of the bayonet fighter, the parry will be to the right.

(2) From the guard position, step forward about 7 inches with the left foot, keeping the right foot as a base.

(3) Extend the left arm outward, to the right and down, engaging the opponent’s weapon and forcing it to the right and down. This is done by pulling the right hand back along the right hip. Ideally, the opponent’s weapon is engaged at the balance of the bayonet fighter’s weapon. The operating handle is pointed toward the deck after the opponent’s weapon is engaged. (See fig. 19.)

(2) Deliver a jab, or step forward with the right foot and deliver a vertical butt stroke.

403. PARRY LEFT

(1) If the opponent’s blade is thrust toward the bayonet fighter in a position below the piece of the bayonet fighter, the parry will be to the left.

(2) From the guard position, step forward about 7 inches with the left foot, using the right foot as a base. Bring the rifle to a vertical position with the right forearm nearly parallel to the deck.

(3) Snap the left hand forward to the left and down engaging the opponent’s weapon anywhere between the back of the bayonet and the balance of the bayonet fighter’s piece. The rifle will be nearly horizontal with the operating handle up and the sling pointing toward the opponent. (See fig. 20.)

(1) After the parry left, a slash can be delivered by stepping forward with the left foot. A horizontal or vertical butt stroke can be delivered by stepping forward with the right foot.

404. BLOCK AGAINST SLASH

(1) From the guard position, thrust the rifle out and up. The weapon stays in the same general position as in the guard position, but the arms are now nearly at full extension.

405. BLOCK AGAINST VERTICAL BUTT STROKE

(2) The rifle is now nearly horizontal to the deck, and the arms fully extended.

501. GENERAL

Followup movements are attack movements which naturally and harmoniously follow other attack movements. The followup movement is executed from the completed position of the previous movement, rather than after recovery to the guard position. To ensure a successful attack a bayonet fighter follows each movement with another attack movement until he has killed his opponent. All attack movements are designed so that the attacker is in position to deliver another attack movement should his initial attack not be successful. For example, if the attacker delivers a slash which is blocked, he is in excellent position to followup with a vertical butt stroke. Ideally, the followup movement is executed in the same plane as the previous movement, and it is in keeping with this principle that the followup movements listed in the following paragraph are designed. The most important principle is to follow the initial attack with another offensive action so that the initiative is not lost. The key principle here is aggressiveness rather than a memorized technique. Aggressiveness is the real spirit of the followup attack. Show no mercy, for the enemy will show none.

502. LIST OF MOVEMENTS

The below listed combinations allow the best transition from one attack movement to another with the least amount of wasted motion. This enables the bayonet fighter to stay on the attack without having to return to the guard position after an unsuccessful initial attack, thus risking loss of the initiative.

a. Guard, slash, vertical butt stroke or horizontal butt stroke, recover to guard position.

b. Guard, parry left, vertical butt stroke or horizontal butt stroke, smash, slash, recover to guard position.

f. Guard, block vertical butt stroke, slash or jab, horizontal butt stroke, recover to guard position.

g. Guard, block vertical butt stroke, horizontal slash, vertical butt stroke, smash, recover to guard position.

601. GENERAL

a. All the individuals in group actions employ the same individual movements previously described.

b. Teamwork is important in any endeavor, and especially in fighting. The bayonet fighting team can use a few simple tactics to take advantage of superior numbers before the enemy reinforces his position. Teamwork can also be used to overcome a numerical advantage favoring the enemy.

602. GROUP ATTACK

a. Two Against One.—Two Marines approach a single enemy. Unable to anticipate his actions they advance directly forward but neither converges on him. As the range closes, the enemy will turn his attention toward one of the two. This Marine advances quickly toward the enemy and engages him. The other Marine advances quickly toward the enemy’s exposed flank and kills him. Should the enemy turn to guard his exposed flank he exposes the other flank, and can be killed by the Marine who first attacked him. In such a coordinated attack the Marine who makes the kill is usually the one attacking the exposed[Pg 54] flank. The approach, attack, and kill are made in a very few seconds. The importance of speed and aggressive action is obvious. (See fig. 23.)

b. Three Against Two.—Three Marines approach two opponents. The Marines advance directly forward awaiting the enemy’s reaction. Two Marines will be engaged. The third then moves swiftly to the exposed flank of one of the enemy, usually the nearest to his position. As soon as one enemy is killed, the other is attacked swiftly from his exposed flank by the Marine who can reach him first. Should either enemy being attacked on the exposed flank turn to defend that flank, he is swiftly killed by the Marine who was originally making the frontal attack. (See fig. 24).

603. GROUP DEFENSE

a. One Against Two.—When one Marine is engaged by two enemy opponents, he immediately dashes to the outboard flank of the nearest enemy. Should he allow himself to be caught between the two, he will be easily killed. He always keeps an enemy between himself and the other enemy so they can be engaged and killed one at a time. A savage attack and quick disposal of one enemy, before the second can move to the aid of the first, turns the tide. (See fig. 25.)

b. Two Against Three.—When two Marines are engaged by three enemy, both move to the outboard flanks of the enemy, leaving one enemy in the middle. Each Marine savagely attacks and disposes of his adversary before the enemy in the middle can act to help one of his companions. Once one Marine has defeated his opponent he turns on the lone enemy in the middle. Again, victory will go the side which acts swiftly and aggressively. (See fig. 26.)

701. GENERAL

a. In addition to introducing the student to the offensive and defensive movements of bayonet fighting, the initial stages of training should emphasize the development of speed, form, balance, timing, coordination, and a vicious, aggressive attitude, all important in bayonet fighting. The instructor works to develop a genuine determination in his students; i.e., to gain the initiative from the beginning and move in to kill the opponent. Each student yells and growls as he executes his practice moves to get into the proper habit. This gives the student the self-confidence and enthusiasm he needs. The instructor tries to make the yell spontaneous, if possible, but if students fail to perform properly, they are encouraged until they do so.

b. Future training rekindles the spirit of aggressiveness. Variety is employed in training to avoid boredom and useless repetition. The use of training aids such as the pugil stick and bayonet assault course provide this variety, and are also extremely valuable as training vehicles. Bayonet training should be as vigorous as possible in order to contribute to the physical[Pg 60] condition of the student. It should be emphasized that bayonet fighting is not for the soft and paunchy.

702. DEMONSTRATION AND APPLICATION OF THE BASIC FUNDAMENTALS

a. The recommended sequence for demonstration and application of the basic fundamentals of bayonet fighting is as follows:

b. Each position and movement is explained in detail and demonstrated by the primary instructor. Fundamentals and footwork, as well as attack and defensive movements, are covered slowly and thoroughly.

c. After a thorough explanation and demonstration, the students move slowly through everything covered in subparagraph a, above, in slow motion, by the numbers, until they are thoroughly familiar with what they have been taught. Speed is increased as the students become more[Pg 61] familiar with the movements until they are being conducted at full speed. Timing, enthusiasm, and an aggressive spirit are maintained.

d. The whole sequence should be completed for one group of movements before the next is taught. For example, the student should be thoroughly familiar with the positions and footwork, and have mastered them at the normal rate, before he is introduced to the attack movements.

e. After individual movements have been mastered, combinations and followup movements are taught. These movements are then practiced by the students until they become second nature. The most effective movement to follow another is influenced by the opponent’s reaction. These movements are stressed and practiced until they become automatic. The bayonet fighter cannot stop to consider his next move. It is necessary that the student be able to deliver a forceful, aggressive series of attack movements, accompanied by proper footwork, without hesitation or indecision.

f. Practice of the attack and defensive movements against another student at half speed facilitates correction of errors. The two students correct one another, and secondary instructors move among the students, assisting with corrections.

g. Throughout training the student should be relaxed to avoid rigidity. The weapons should be held firmly, but not tensely. All phases of bayonet fighting are practiced until they are executed instinctively. The student should be able to strike at openings without thinking, and remain in the attack until he has killed his opponent.

703. THE ASSAULT COURSE

a. Purpose.—The bayonet assault course is constructed in order to achieve the following objectives:

(1) To familiarize the student with situations simulating those with which he might be confronted in an actual combat situation.

(3) To challenge the determination and will power of the student. These qualities are extremely important.

(5) To develop skill in bayonet fighting and make the various movements instinctive and second nature.

b. Obstacles.—The model assault course presented in this publication consists of ten obstacles. They are offered as examples of what can be used. The number and type of obstacles included in any given course depend on the ingenuity of the builders and local conditions. These obstacles are attacked with a mockup rifle which should resemble the M-14 rifle in weight and dimensions.

(1) Obstacle number 1 represents an enemy in the guard position. The student executes a parry right, steps forward, and executes a jab. (See fig. 27.)

(2) Obstacle number 2 represents an enemy in the guard position. The student executes a parry right, steps forward and executes a vertical butt stroke. (See fig. 28.)

(3) Obstacle number 3 represents an opponent in a position best suited for attack by the smash. The student steps forward and delivers the smash. (See fig. 29.)

(5) Obstacle number 5 represents an opponent running toward the bayonet fighter. The student executes a jab so that the blade penetrates the center of the obstacle. The instructor emphasizes the importance of withdrawing the blade before moving on. (See fig. 31.)

(7) Obstacle number 7 represents an enemy’s head and shoulders protruding from a foxhole. The student slashes at the tire portion of the obstacle. (See fig. 33.)

(8) Obstacle number 8 is a target for a horizontal butt stroke. The student executes the horizontal butt stroke, hitting the bag on top of the post. (See fig. 34.)

(9) Obstacle number 9 represents an enemy behind an embankment. The student charges over the embankment, turns to face the enemy, executes a jab, then withdraws. (See fig. 35.)

(10) Obstacle number 10 is a training aid which can be used in connection with either basic or advanced bayonet drill. It is inexpensive and versatile. The trainee has his choice of methods of attack and can utilize all accepted bayonet movements against this obstacle. [Pg 70]It can be used to introduce a “free” movement within an established course, depending on the individuals speed or position, or to constitute an entire course, utilizing assistant instructors to call different methods of attack in order to vary the trainees approach to the aid. (See fig. 36.)

c. Construction.—The ten obstacles are constructed from readily available materials. They consist mostly of old auto tires, canvas, and 2 by 4 inches and 4 by 4 inches lumber. Obstacles 1, 2, and 10 have moving wooden arms which are not difficult to construct. The obstacles should be set far enough apart to allow maneuvering between them. The assault course can be laid out in any available terrain, and should be at least 200 to 300 meters in length. Rugged terrain provides excellent physical conditioning facilities. Natural obstacles such as streams, ridges, thick foliage, etc., can be used to make the course more difficult. Artificial obstacles such as wire entanglements, log walks, hurdles, and fences can also be added.

d. Safety Precautions.—Students should first run the assault course at a moderate pace, and increase their speed as their technique and physical condition improve. The instructor ensures that discipline and control are maintained. The instructor and his assistants station themselves along the course to observe the method of [Pg 72]attack and make necessary corrections. In addition, the following safety precautions should be observed:

(1) Ensure that the bayonet is securely attached to the weapon before beginning the assault course.

(2) Caution personnel to remain in the line of obstacles. Serious injury can result if personnel are permitted to zigzag through the course.

(3) Do not permit personnel to attack the first obstacle until preceding personnel have reached the third obstacle.

(4) When the last obstacle is completed, personnel should be directed to return by specific routes to the designated marshalling area, remaining at least 5 yards away from the closest obstacle.

e. Demonstration and Application.—The first phase of the assault course training includes a demonstration of the technique of attacking each obstacle by the instructor. The instructor then runs the entire course employing the correct movements on each obstacle. The students then practice their movements on the individual obstacles. When the students have gained sufficient proficiency they move through the entire assault course.

704. THE PUGIL STICK

a. General.—The execution of the movements of bayonet fighting in response to a verbal command from instructors are kept to a minimum. This type of training is necessary to teach the movements, but once they have been learned the student must automatically execute them in response to the movements of his opponent. There is no substitute for practical application when learning a skill. Actual bayonet fighting is not practical because of the hazards involved. However, bouts employing the pugil stick bear a close resemblance to actual bayonet fights, and can be employed without serious injury to either contestant. The student sees for himself the importance of assuming the attack immediately, as well as the importance of aggressiveness and ferocity. He sees which combinations of blows are successful, and learns to understand the result of his making a mistake in an actual bayonet fight. Here he learns the meaning of the term “kill or be killed.”

(a) Cut grooves ½-inch deep in the stick as shown in the diagram (see fig. 37). Taper the stick at the hand grips to approximately 1¼ inches in diameter.

[Pg 75]

(b) Fill the bags with chopped foam rubber and cotton.

(c) Wire and tack the bags to the end of the stick. Tighten the wire into the grooves at the end of the stick. The stick should extend 6 inches into the bag, leaving 4 inches of overlap and making the total length of the pugil stick 52 inches, the length of the M-14 rifle with bayonet.

(d) Cover the wire and tacks with tape.

(e) Wrap foam rubber around the center of the stick, leaving only the 6 to 8 inches of tapered hand grip exposed. Secure the foam rubber padding with tape.

(3) Size of Pugil Stick.—The pugil stick should be approximately the same length and weight as the M-14 rifle with bayonet attached. This enables the bayonet fighter to train with a weapon which closely approximates the weapon he uses in an actual combat situation.

(1) Whenever engaged in a pugil stick bout, the student should be equipped with the following:

(2) Instructors in charge of pugil stick bouts see that proper bayonet fighting procedures are followed by students engaged in bouts. The proper bayonet fighting grip is employed at all times. The pugil stick is not used as a baseball bat. In no instance do the hands leave the pugil stick. Neither throwing or swinging is allowed. Pugil stick fighters refrain from hitting their opponent with the center portion of the pugil stick.

(3) Instructors ensure that protective equipment is properly secured before the bout begins. Bouts will be stopped whenever one participant becomes completely defenseless, after a telling blow has been struck, when equipment becomes loosened or knocked off, or when the pugil stick is being used improperly. Students are instructed to stop all action when the whistle is blown.

(1) Students are normally paired off so that opponents are of approximately equal height and weight.

(3) Contests continue until one contestant has scored a killing blow. A killing blow is one delivered solidly to the head, neck, groin, or midsection with the blade end of the pugil stick; and to the head, groin, or neck with the butt end of the stick. If a killing blow is struck in the first few seconds of the bout, for training purposes the bout may be continued for a prescribed period of time. The winner will be the individual who struck the most killing blows in the time allotted. Time limits may be set by the instructor, taking into consideration the physical condition of the students and the time available.

(4) Instructors periodically remind students that basic attack movements and combinations are most effective. Instructors also continually emphasize aggressiveness. They ensure that all trainees yell and growl while engaged in a bout.

(5) Short bouts, with rapid changing of equipment, retains enthusiasm and interest.

(6) Bouts begin with both contestants in the guard position and about 5 yards apart. (See figs. 38 and 39.)

(7) No score occurs if a student removes either hand from the weapon to throw or swing at his opponent. (See fig. 40.)

(8) A round-robin type elimination is effective in getting all students into bouts, and emphasizing the importance of aggressive action in winning. The winners of each bout are allowed to fight again after a brief rest, until they are defeated. This provides one winner in the end, with appropriate personal recognition.

e. Demonstration and Application.—All movements, offensive, defensive, and combinations are demonstrated with the pugil stick. The student is then given the opportunity to go through the movements with the pugil stick in slow motion, and then at normal speed. After gaining proficiency in all movements the students are given an opportunity to practice what they have learned against a target. An artificial stationary target offering resistance further develops timing and coordination. Heavy bags, similar to the type used by boxers in training, can be used effectively to train bayonet fighters. (See fig. 41.) After the student has attacked the dummies, allowing him the sensation of attacking a solid target, and practicing the attack movements, he is then ready for bouts against other students.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 35 cents

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FMFM1-1 MARINE BAYONET TRAINING ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

2035/6025/6200/6300/6500/6800/7215/	(2)
7506/7525-01	(2)
7255/7352/7508/7600 (less 7636)/7857	(3)
2010/2088/3510/4000 (less 4125)/5000	(5)
(less 5537-09 and 5612)/6600	(5)
7373/7800-03,-04,-05/8145	(5)
1025/3000/3520/3530/6900/6903/6905/	(10)
6910/6965/7000-48	(10)
7530 (less 7539)/7800-14,-15/7950/	(10)
7970/8506/8511-02	(10)
2020/2060/3540/7380/7539	(15)
2030/3550/4125/5612/7636/7800-01,	(20)
-02,-06,-09	(20)
2100	(25)
7230-01	(30)
7385/7391/7800-11	(50)
3700	(75)
7800-12,-13	(100)
5537-09	(150)
7315	(200)
7230-04	(4200)
7000-02	(50)

The Project Gutenberg eBook of FMFM1-1 Marine bayonet training

FOREWORD