The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 109, November 29, 1851 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 109, November 29, 1851 Author: Various Editor: George Bell Release date: March 23, 2012 [eBook #39233] Language: English Credits: Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV, NUMBER 109, NOVEMBER 29, 1851 *** Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) [Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs indicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been standardized. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] NOTES and QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. "When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. VOL. IV.--No. 109. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 29. 1851. Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ CONTENTS. Page NOTES:-- Thomas More and John Fisher 417 Notes on Newspapers, by H. M. Bealby 418 Treatise of Equivocation 419 Notes on Virgil, by Dr. Henry 420 Minor Notes:--Verses presented, to General Monck--Justice to Pope Pius V. 421 QUERIES:-- Crosses and Crucifixes 422 Master of the Buckhounds, by John Branfill Harrison 422 Minor Queries:--"No Cross no Crown"--Dido and Æneas--Pegs and Thongs for Rowing: Torture among the Athenians--French Refugees--Isabel, Queen of the Isle of Man--Grand-daughter of John Hampden--Cicada or Tettigonia Septemdecim--The British Sidanen--Jenings or Jennings--Caleva Atrebatum, Site of--Abigail--Etymology of Durden--Connecticut Halfpenny 423 MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Arms displayed on Spread Eagle--St. Beuno--Lists of Knights Bachelor--Walker--See of Durham 424 REPLIES:-- Convocation of York 425 The Old Countess of Desmond 426 Coins of Vabalathus 427 Marriage of Ecclesiastics 427 Replies to Minor Queries:--"Crowns have their Compass"--The Rev. Richard Farmer--Earwig 428 MISCELLANEOUS:-- Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 429 Books and Odd Volumes wanted 429 Notices to Correspondents 430 Advertisements 430 Notes. THOMAS MORE AND JOHN FISHER. Although I am afraid "NOTES AND QUERIES" may not be considered as open to contributions purely bibliographical, and admitting I am uncertain whether the following copy of the treatise of John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, has been before noted, I am induced to send this extract from Techener's _Bulletin du Bibliophile_ for May 1851. The book is in the library at Douai. "This Treatise concernynge the fruytful Saynges of David the King and prophete in the seven penytencyall psalmes, devyded in _ten_ sermons, was made and compyled by the ryght reverente fader in god Johan Fyssher, doctour of dyvinyte and bysshop of Rochester, at the exortacion and sterynge of the most excellent pryncesse Margarete, Countesse of Richemount and Derby, and moder to out souverayne Lorde Kynge H[=e]ry the VII." It is described as a small 4to., printed upon vellum, in Gothic letters, at London, 1508, by Wynkyn de Worde, and contains 146 leaves. On the first leaf it has a portcullis, crowned with the motto "Dieu et mon Droit." On the recto of the last leaf there is-- "Here endeth the exposycyon of the 7 psalmes. Enprynted at London in the fletestrete, at the sygne of ye Sonne, by Wynkyn de Worde. In the yere of oure lorde M.CCCCC.VIII. ye 16 day of ye moneth of Juyn. The XXIII. yere of ye reygne of our souverayne Lorde Kynge H[=e]ry the Seventh." At the back, there is the sun, the monogram of Wynkyn de Worde--the letters W. C. displayed as usual--and beneath, "Wynkyn de Worde." At the beginning of the book, "sur une garde en vélin" (a fly-leaf of vellum?), there is written in a very neat hand the following ten verses, the profession of faith of Thomas Morus and of his friend John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester: "The surest meanes for to attaine The perfect waye to endlesse blisse Are happie lief and to remaine W'thin ye church where virtue is; And if thy conscience be sae sounde To thinse thy faith is truth indeede Beware in thee noe schisme be founde That unitie may have her meede; If unitie thow doe embrace In heaven (_en_?)joy possesse thy place." Beneath-- "Qui non rectè vivit in unitate ecclesiæ Catholicæ, salvus esse non potest." And lower on the same page-- "Thomas Morus d[=n]s cancellarius Angliæ Joh. Fisher Epûs Roffensis." It is traditionally reported, upon the testimony of some Anglican Benedictines (an order now extinct), that the lines which contain the profession of faith, and those which follow, are in the handwriting of Bishop Fisher, and that the work was presented by him to the chancellor, during their imprisonment, when by order of Henry VIII. the chancellor was denied the consolation of his books. In the same library there is a fine Psalter, which belonged to Queen Elizabeth. The _Livre d'Heures_ of Mary Queen of Scots was here also to be found: "Maria, glorious martyr and Queen of Scotland." It is conjectured these books were brought to Douai by the fugitive English Roman Catholic priests. In 1790 their collections were confiscated and given to the public library of Douai. It would be of interest to ascertain, if possible, the authenticity of the _Heures à l'Usage_, stated to have belonged to Mary Queen of Scots. Upon this point one may be permitted to be sceptical. I have myself seen two. One of these, it was said, had been used by Mary on the scaffold, and contained a note in the handwriting, as I think, of James II. attesting the fact. It was understood to have been obtained from a monastery in France. The other, a small Prayer Book MS. in vellum, of good execution, had the signature "M." with a line I think over it of "O Lord, deliver me from my enemies!" in French. I am, however, now writing from memory, and, in the first case, of very many years. Whether the line, "Maria, glorious martyr and Queen of Scotland," be written in the Psalter, or has been added by the mental excitement of M. Duthilloeul, the librarian at Douai, I cannot decide. The grand culmination of "and Queen of Scotland" forms doubtless a very striking anti-thesis: but neither the possessor of the book nor a priest would have so sunk the martyr, although a woman and a queen were alike concerned, as this line does. Lowndes states there is a copy of the bishop's treatise on vellum at Cambridge. A copy is in the British Museum; but the title, according, to Lowndes, has _seven_ sermons. It will be observed the title now given has _ten_. S. H. NOTES ON NEWSPAPERS. The social elements of society in the seventeenth century were more simple in their character and development than at the present period. The population was comparatively small, and therefore the strivings for success in any pursuit did not involve that severe conflict which is so frequently the case in the present day. Society then was more of a community than it is now. It had not public bodies to aid it. It was left more to its own inherent resources for reciprocal good, and for mutual help. The temptations to evade and dissemble, in matters of business, or private and public negotiations, were not so strong as they now are. Its transactions were more transparent and defined, because they were fewer and less complicated than many of our own. We readily grant that society now, in its social, religious, and commercial aspects, enjoys advantages immeasurably superior to those of any former period; still there are some few advantages which it had then, that it cannot possess now. The following advertisements, from the newspapers of the time, will illustrate the truth of the foregoing remarks: From a _Collection for Improvement of Husbandry and Trade_. Friday, January 26, 1693/4. "One that is fit to keep a Warehouse, be a Steward, or do any Business that can be supposed an intelligent Man that has been a Shopkeeper is fit for, and can give any Security that can be desired, as far as Ten Thousand Pound goes, and has some Estate of his own, desires an Employment of One hundred Pounds a year, or upwards. I can give an account of him." That a man having 10,000_l._ to give as security, and in possession of an estate, should require a situation of 100_l._ per annum, sounds oddly enough in our ears. "I can give an account of him," denotes that the editor was a man well known and duly appreciated. He appears to have been a scribe useful in many ways. He was known, and knowing. Friday, February 2, 1693/4. "A very eminent Brewer, and one I know to be a very honest Gentleman, wants an Apprentice. I can give an account of him." In what sense the word "honest" must here be taken it is difficult to define. As an eminent brewer, we should naturally conclude he must have been an honest man. He is here very eminent and very honest. Friday March 16, 1693/4. "Many Masters want Apprentices, and many Youths want Masters. If they apply themselves to me, I'll strive to help them. Also for variety of valuable services." Here is the editor of a paper offering his help to masters and apprentices for their mutual good. Let us suppose an advertisement of this kind appearing in _The Times_ of our own day. Printing-house Square would not contain a tithe of the individuals who would present themselves for the reception of this accommodating aid. In such a case the editors (as it regards their particular duties) would be cyphers, for a continuous absorption of their time would necessarily occur in the carrying out of this benevolent offer. This advertisement may be considered as _multum in parvo_, giving the wants of the many in an announcement of three or four lines, connecting them with a variety of services which in those days were thought to be valuable. How greatly are we assisted by these little incidents in forming correct views of the state of society at that period. The next advertisement shows the value set upon the services of one who was to perform the duties of a clerk, and to play well on the violin. "If any young Man that plays well on a Violin, and writes a good Hand, desires a Clerkship, I can help him to Twenty Pounds a year." Of course twenty pounds was of more value then than it is now: still it seems a small sum for the performance of such duties, for twelve months. Here is musical talent required for the amusement of others, in combination with the daily duties of a particular profession. An efficient musician, and a good writer, and all for 20_l._ per annum! We learn by the editor's "I can help him," his readiness to assist all who would advertise in his journal, to obtain those employments which their advertisements specified. Friday, April 6, 1694. "A Grocer of good business desires an Apprentice of good growth." The "good growth" must have been intended to convey the idea of height and strength. My next article shall be devoted to advertisements of another class, further illustrating the state of society and the peculiarities of the people at the end of the seventeenth century. H. M. BEALBY. North Brixton. TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION. As having originated the inquiry in "NOTES AND QUERIES"[1] respecting this Treatise, under the signature of J. M., I feel great obligation both to the editor of that journal, and the editor of the Treatise itself, for having brought it to light by publication, and added it to the stock of accurate and very important historical information. Indeed, a real vacancy was left for it; and it is a subject of high self-gratulation, that a boon previously, and for a length of time, hidden and unproductive, is now accessible and operative without limit. I have no doubt that all your readers, and the whole reading public, join with me in rejoicing that the editorship of the work has fallen into hands so competent and so successful. [Footnote 1: Vol. i., pp. 263. 357.; Vol. ii., pp. 136. 168. 446. 490.] I was, not for ten, but twenty years or more, in quest of the MS. now so happily made public property, and should have fallen upon it much earlier, but for the misleading title under which it appears, where it _is_ really; for it has been found. In the _Catalogus Lib. MSS._: Ox. 1697, among the Laudian MSS. appears, p. 62., "968.95. _A Treatise_ against _Equivocation, or fraudulent Dissimulation_." _Against!_ when no such word is in the original, and the real matter and meaning is _for_! I had, at some early time, marked the very entry; but presuming that the work had been actually _printed_ (which I believe it was in a very few copies, which have disappeared), naturally enough I did not pursue the search in that direction. Others, I am happy, have, and I am gratified. The work is very important; for there is not a work more evidently genuine and authentic than this is proved to be by plain historic evidence, both as to the document itself and the facts which it attests. The witness, or witnesses, appearing in it, give their testimony respecting themselves with the most unsuspectable simplicity. They meant not, and have not, misrepresented themselves: they have proclaimed their own doctrine for themselves respecting Equivocation and Mental Reservation--the last of which is really of most importance; and it was most needful to the Roman body at the time, and under their circumstances. Their object, for mere safety, was concealment as to their resorts or residences. They could not exist, as they did, without the assistance and knowledge of many individuals, some of inferior class. Against the incessant inquiries to which they were exposed they had no defence, except the power of disappointing or misleading by ambiguity or deception, which was completely secured by reserved termination in the mind to any uttered declaration. Now, there is in this very Treatise _plain admission_ that all the co-religionists of the endangered party, particularly a lady who is distinctly noticed, were not convinced of the moral rectitude of such a procedure; and it was necessary, or expedient, that their hesitation should be removed. And this seems to be the main object of the present work. How far it has succeeded must depend upon the evidence which is adduced. We have generally had the doctrine of the Roman body on the subject of the Treatise presented by opponents; here we have it as deliberately stated by themselves. There is a passage rather observable in p. 103., beginning at the bottom and extending to the words "he hath no such meaning to tell them," of which we are not acquainted with a duplicate. But the whole has something of the freshness and interest of novelty. _Macbeth_, it is agreed, I believe, was written in 1607, consequently after the Powder Plot, when the doctrine before us was brought forward pointedly against the traitors. Might there not be some reference to the fact in the Second Act, where the porter of the castle, roused by repeated knockings, on the murder, after other exclamations in the manner of the poet, proceeds: "Here's an Equivocator, that could swear in both the scales, against either scale: who committed treason enough for God's sake, yet could not equivocate to heaven. Oh, come in, Equivocator"? Mr. Jardine will thank your correspondent for pointing out an error or two which should be corrected in another edition. At p. 44., for "[Greek: chtho]," in the margin, should be printed "_sub verbo_." The word in the MS. is a contraction to that effect: the capital "V" has a curved stroke across the first line of the "V," followed by "_bo_." Generally the _Dubium_, in alphabetic works of the kind referred to, ranks under some alphabetic word, one or more, as it may happen; but in Em. Sà's work the word _Dubium_ comes under the letter D., and this is meant to be expressed. At p. 49. the footnote should be omitted, as the Vulgate, which is followed, calls the 1st of _Samuel_ the 1st of _Kings_. The first line of p. 56. should have "_autem_" instead of "_antea_." I have inspected the MS. carefully, and therefore speak with confidence. EUPATOR. NOTES ON VIRGIL. (_Continued from_ p. 308.) IV. "Illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas Turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto." Virg. _Æn._ I. 48. "TURBINE; volubilitate ventorum. SCOPULO; saxo eminenti."--_Servius._ "Hub sie im Wirbel empor, und spiesst' an ein scharfes Gestein ihn."--_Voss._ "Ipsum vero Pallas fulmine percussum procellæ vi scopulo etiam allisit."--_Heyne._ "Impegit rupi acutæ."--_Ruæus._ "Infixit. _Inflixit_, lectionem quorundam MSS. facile prætulissem, et quod statim præcesserit _transfixo_, unde evadit inconcinna cognatæ dictionis repetitio, et quod etiam Æn. x. 303.: "'Namque inflicta vadis, dorso dum pendet iniquo,' "si Sidon. Apoll. v. 197. haud tueretur vulgatam scripturam: "'Fixusque Capharei Cautibus, inter aquas flammam ructabat Oileus.'"--_Wakefield._ To which criticism of Wakefields's, Forbiger adds: "Præterea etiam acuto scopulo _infigendi_ voc. accommodatius videtur quam _infligendi_." And Wagner: "acuto scopulo _infigi_ melius." This interpretation and these criticisms are founded altogether on a false conception of the meaning of the word _infigere_, which is never to fix _on_, but always either to fix _in_, or to fix _with_, i.e. pierce _with_. _Scopulo infixit acuto_, _fixed or pinned_ down or to the ground _with_ a sharp rock; _i.e._ hurled a sharp-pointed rock on him, so as to nail him to the ground. So (_Æn._ XII. 721.) "Cornua obnixi infigunt," fix their horns, not _on_, but _in_; infix their horns; stick their horns into each other; stick each other with their horns: _q.d._ Cornibus se mutuo infigunt: and, exactly parallel to our text: "Saturnius me sic _infixit_ Jupiter, Jovisque numen Mulcibri adscivit manus. Hos ille _cuneos_ fabrica crudeli _inserens_, Perrupit artus; qua miser sollertia Transverberatus, castrum hoc Furiarum incolo." Cicero (translating from Æschylus), _Tuscul. Quæst._ II. 10. In confirmation of this view of the passage, I may observe: 1st, that it is easier to imagine a man staked to the ground by a sharp-pointed rock, than flung on a sharp-pointed rock, so as to remain permanently impaled on it; and 2dly, that the account given of the transaction, both by Quintus Calaber and Seneca, agree as perfectly with this view as they disagree with the opposite: [Greek: Kai ny ken exêlyxe kakon moron, ei mê ar' autô, rhêxas aian enerthen, epiproeêke kolônên; eute paros megaloio kat' Enkeladoio daïphrôn Pallas aeiramenê Sikelên epikabbale nêson; ê rh' eti kaietai aien hyp' akamatoio Gigantos, aithaloen pneiontos esô chthonos; hôs ara Lokrôn amphekalypsen anakta dysammoron oureos akrê, hypsothen exeripousa, baryne de karteron andra; amphi de min thanatoio melas ekichêsat' olethros, gaiê homôs dmêthenta, kai akamatô eni pontô.] Quintus Calab. XIV. 579. And so Seneca; who, having presented us with Ajax clinging to the rock to which he had swum for safety, after his ship had been sunk, and himself struck with lightning, and there uttering violent imprecations against the Deity, adds: "Plura cum auderet furens, Tridente rupem subruit pulsam pater Neptunus, imis exerens undis caput, Solvitque montem; quem cadens secum tulit: Terraque et igne victus et pelago jacet." _Agam._ 552. And, so also, beyond doubt, we are to understand Sidonius Apollinaris's-- "Fixusque Capharei Cautibus, inter aquas flammam ructabat Oileus." Not, with Wakefield and the other commentators, _fixed on_ the rocks of Caphareus, but, _pierced with_ the rocks of Caphareus, and lying under them. Compare (_Æn._ IX. 701.) "fixo pulmone," the pierced lung; "fixo cerebro" (_Æn._ XII. 537.); "verubus trementia figunt" (_Æn._ I. 216.), not, fix _on_ the spits, but, stick or pierce _with_ the spits; and especially (Ovid. _Ibis._ 341.), "Viscera sic aliquis scopulus tua figat, ut olim Fixa sub Euboico Graia fuere sinu," pierced and pinned down with a rock, at the bottom of the Euboean gulf. TURBINE. SCOPULO.--Not two instruments, _a whirlwind and a rock_, but one single instrument, _a whirling rock_; scopulo turbineo; in modo turbinis se circumagente; as if Virgil had said, Solo affixit illum correptum et transverberatum scopulo acuto in eum maxima vi rotato: or, more briefly, Turbine scopuli acuti corripuit et infixit. Compare: "Præcipitem scopulo atque ingentis turbine saxi Excutit effunditque solo."--_Æn._ XII. 531. "Stupet obvia leto Turba super stantem, atque emissi turbine montis Obruitur."--Stat. _Theb._ II. 564. "Idem altas turres saxis et turbine crebro Laxat."--Stat. _Theb._ X. 742. So understood, 1st, the passage is according to Virgil's usual manner, the latter part of the line explaining and defining the general statement contained in the former; and, 2ndly, Pallas kills her enemy, not by the somewhat roundabout and unusual method of first striking him with thunder, and then snatching him up in a whirlwind, and then either dashing him against a sharp rock, and leaving him impaled there, or, as I have shown is undoubtedly the meaning, impaling him with a sharp rock, but by the more compendious and less out-of-the-way method of first striking him with thunder, and then whirling a sharp-pointed rock on top of him, so as to impale him. From Milton's imitation of this passage, in his _Paradise Lost_ (ii. 180.), it appears that even he fell into the general and double error: "Caught in a fiery tempest shall be hurled, Each on his rock transfixed." Caro's translation shows that he had no definite idea whatever of the meaning: "A tale un turbo In preda il diè; che per acuti scogli Miserabil ne fe' rapina, e scempio." * * * * * V. "Ast ego, quæ Divûm incedo regina, Jovisque Et soror et conjux, una cum gente tot annos Bella gero."--_Æn._ I. 50. "'INCEDERE' wird besonders von der feierlichen, würdevollen Haltung im Gange gebraucht: vers 500, von der Dido, 'Regina incessit.' (Ruhnk. zu _Terent. And._ I. i. 100. _Eun._ v. 3. 9.) Deshalb der majestätischen Juno eigenthümlich, [Greek: Hêraion badizein]. Also nicht für _sum_, sondern ganz eigentlich."--_Thiel._ "But I who walk in awful state above." _Dryden._ "_Incedere_ est _ingredi_, sed proprie cum quadam pompa et fastu."--_Gesner._ "Incessus dearum, imprimis Junonis, gravitate sua notus."--_Heyne._ And so also Holdsworth and Ruæus. I think, on the contrary, that _incedo_, both here and elsewhere, expresses only the stepping or walking motion generally, and that the character of the step or walk, if inferable at all, is to be inferred only from the context. Accordingly, "Magnifice incedit" (Liv. II. 6.); "Turpe incedere" (Catull. XXXXII. 8.); "Molliter incedit" (Ovid, _Amor._ II. 23.); "Passu incedit inerti" (Ovid, _Metam._ II. 772.); "Melius est incessu regem quam imperium regno claudicare" (Justin. VI. ii. 6.); "Incessus omnibus animalibus certus et uniusmodi, et in suo, cuique, genere" (Plin. X. 38.). The emphasis, therefore, is on _regina_, and the meaning is, _I who step, or walk, QUEEN of the Gods_; the dignity of the step being not expressed by "incedo," but inferable from "regina." The expression corresponds exactly to "ibit regina" (_Æn._ II. 578.); with this difference only, that "ibit" does not, like "incedo," specify motion on foot. "Jovisque et soror et conjux."--Both the _ets_ are emphatic. "Jovisque _et_ soror _et_ conjux." "Bella" expresses the organised resistance which she meets, and the uncertainty of the issue; and being placed first word in the line is emphatic. JAMES HENRY. Minor Notes. _Verses presented to General Monck._--The subjoined notice of a curious entry in the records of the Belfast corporation may be acceptable. The author is unknown. They are inscribed, "Verses to General Monck," and, as the last six lines show, are an attack on the Rump Parliament:-- Advants George Monck, and Monck St. George shall be, England's restorer to its liberty, Scotland's protector, Ireland's president, Reducing all to affree parliament. And if thou dost intend the other thing, Go on, and all shall cry God save ye king. R. R doth rebellion represent, V. By V nought else but villainy is meant, M. M murther signifies all men doe knowe, P. P perjuries in fashion grow. Then R and V with M and P Conjoined make up our misery. The occasion of their presentation is unknown. General Monck took Belfast in 1646 from the Scotch, who being true Presbyterians of the older school, had turned against the parliament. This was the probable occasion of their being presented to the future restorer of King Charles II. E. L. B. _Justice to Pope Pius V._--You have done yourself credit by exonerating Queen Elizabeth from a charge the easiest to bring, and the most difficult to rebut, implying the proof of a negative; and therefore frequently brought by the unprincipled. I propose, as a counterpart, to exonerate Pope Pius V. from an imputation, mistakingly, though unjustly, cast upon him by an authority of no less weight than that of Sir Walter Scott. In his edition of _Somers's Tracts_, vol. i. p. 192., occurs a note on a place in the _execution of justice_: "Pius V. resolved to make his bastard son, Boncompagni, Marquis of Vincola, King of Ireland," &c. For this assertion no authority is cited, nor indeed could be. The very name might have suggested the filiation to his successor, Gregory XIII., which was the fact. In a work, not much known, _The Burnt Child dreads the Fire, &c._, by William Denton, M.D., London, 1675, at p. 25. we read, "Gregory XIII. had a bastard, _James Buon Compagna_, and to him he gave _Ireland_, and impowered _Stewkely_ with men, arms, and money, to conquer it for him."[2] There is no reason to doubt, that with the editor of the _Tracts_ the above imputation was a simple mistake; but it is an important duty of all who interfere with historical literature, to state and correct every discovered instance of the kind. [Footnote 2: Camden, in his _Elizabeth_, under 1578, states the fact without mention of the name, only calling him "the pope's bastard;" but the date is the sixth year of the pontificate of Gregory XIII.] EUPATOR. Queries. CROSSES AND CRUCIFIXES. In the 22nd volume of the _Archæologia_, p. 58., is the following passage: "The cross, which does not appear to have been peculiar to Christianity, when introduced on these obelisks, is usually filled with tracery." The obelisks, or stones of memorial, referred to are the subjects of a very interesting paper communicated by Mr. Logan to the Society of Antiquaries. (See Plates 2, 3, 4, and 5.) I am desirous of being informed what authenticated instances there are of crosses, or stones marked with crosses, being used for landmarks, memorials, or for any other purpose, civil or religious, before the introduction of Christianity? I have met with one instance. Prescott, in his _History of Mexico_, relates that-- "In the court of one of the temples in the island of Columel he was amazed by the sight of a cross of stone and lime, about ten palms high." It was the emblem of the god of rain (See vol. i. p. 240., &c.) In the same paper Mr. Logan observes-- "Crosses, or stones on which the figure was traced, marked a place of meeting for certain districts; and within memory of man a fair was held on this spot. It is not improbable that market-crosses may be deduced from this custom." It seems that every town that had the privilege of a market or fair (I am speaking of England) had a market-cross. In most of these towns the cross has disappeared, and in its place a ball or globe has been mounted on the shaft; but the term "market-cross" is still in use. In the town of Giggleswick, in the parish of Giggleswick, there is a perfect market-cross, the cross being what is, I believe, called a cross-fleury. In the town of Settle, in the same parish of Giggleswick, the ball or globe is placed on the top of the shaft. Are there other instances of market towns in which the cross is still found? I passed through a market town lately in which the stone steps, and socket in which the shaft was placed, are preserved; but they have been removed to one corner of the market-place. The shaft and cross have disappeared. Is not this erection of the cross, in places in which markets and fairs were held, of ecclesiastical origin? Was the cross erected by licence granted by the bishop within whose jurisdiction it was placed? Is there any grant of such licence in existence? Or did these crosses originate in the gratuitous piety of our ancestors? I fear to ask the question, whether the buyers and sellers under the cross are more upright in their dealings than those who buy and sell without the presence of this emblem of all that is true and just. Is the cross erected in the cities and towns of other states, as in England? Was the custom general in Europe? F. W. J. Mr. Curzon states, in the introduction to his _Monasteries of the Levant_, that-- "The crucifix was not known before the fifth or sixth century, though the cross was always the emblem of the Christian faith." I am persuaded that this assertion is incorrect, and that the crucifix was used in much earlier times. Will some one kindly inform me where the first mention of it is to be found, and what is the date of the earliest examples now known? DRYASDUST. MASTER OF THE BUCKHOUNDS. In reading the _Topographer_ for January 1791 (a work which was published under the editorship of my uncle, Sir Egerton Brydges), I was surprised to find, in an account of the family of Brocas, of Beaurepaire, in the county of Hampshire, that the post of Master of the Buckhounds had been sold in the reign of James I. Mr. Gough (_Sepulchral Monuments_, pp. 160, 161.) appears to be the authority quoted who describes the monument of Sir Bernard Brocas, Kt., as existing at Westminster, and having on it an inscription in which is the following sentence: "Sir Bernard succeeded to the paternal inheritance both in England and France, and having married Mary, daughter and heiress of Sir John de Roche, had a large estate with her, and the hereditary post of Master of the Buckhounds; which was confirmed to him by King Edward the Third, and held by the family, till sold in James the First's reign." I have no means of ascertaining at the present time whether this monument is still in existence or not; nor indeed has that much to do with the object of my writing, which is to suggest the following Queries, in the hope that some of your correspondents may be able to send satisfactory answers. 1. By whom was the post of Master of the Buckhounds first instituted, and who was the first Master? 2. Is there any list of persons holding this office; and if so, where may it be seen? 3. Is there any instance of an unmarried lady having held it: for in the case before us we see that a lady was able to convey it by inheritance to her husband? 4. By whom was it sold? Was it by the last hereditary possessor; and if so, what was his name? Or was it by the king, on the death of one of the possessors, for the purpose of enriching himself? 5. Is it known whether there is any other instance of its having been sold: and when did it come to be, as now, a ministerial office? JOHN BRANFILL HARRISON. Maidstone. Minor Queries. 300. "_No Cross no Crown._"--Where did Penn get the title of his well-known work? St. Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, in allusion to the custom of crowning crosses, has these lines:-- "Cerne coronatam Domini super _atria Christi_, Stare crucem, duro spondentem celsa labori Præmia: _tolle crucem, qui vis auferre coronam_." "See how the cross of Christ a crown entwines: High o'er God's temple it refulgent shines; Pledging bright guerdon for each passing pain: Take up the cross, if thou the crown would'st gain." Vide Dr. Rock's _Hierurgia_. Quarles says, in his _Esther_: "The way to bliss lies not on beds of down, And he that had no cross deserves no crown." MARICONDA. 301. _Dido and Æneas._-- "When Dido found Æneas did not come, She wept in silence, and was--di-do-dum." Who was the author of the above well-known bit of philology? A. A. D. 302. _Pegs and Thongs for Rowing: Torture among the Athenians._--Dr. Schmitz (in Smith's _Antiq._, article SHIPS) speaks of "the pegs, [Greek: skalmoi], _between which the oars move[d]_, and to which they were fastened by a thong, [Greek: tropôtêr]." What is the authority for two pegs, _between which_, &c? A single peg and thong, as still in frequent use, would be intelligible! Dr. Smith observes (ap. id. p. 1139.) that the decree of Scamandrius, which ordained that no free Athenian should be tortured, "does not appear to have interdicted torture as a means of execution, _since_ we find Demosthenes (_de Cor._ 271.) reminding the judges that they had put Antiphon to death by the rack." Does it not escape him that Antiphon was _then an alien_, having suffered expulsion from the Lexiarchic list. (See Dem. _l.c._) A. A. D. 303. _French Refugees._--Where is the treaty or act of parliament to be found which guaranteed compensation to the French refugees at the end of the war? Is it possible to obtain a list of those who received compensation, and the amount paid; and if so, where? S. QUARTO. 304. _Isabel, Queen of the Isle of Man._--In Charles Knight's _London_ mention is made, amongst the noble persons buried in the church of the Grey Friars, of Isabel, wife of Baron Fitzwarren, sometime queen of the Isle of Man. Will you or some of your correspondents be so kind as to tell me who this lady was, and when the Isle of Man ceased to be an independent kingdom? FANNY. 305. _Grand-daughter of John Hampden._--According to the _Friend of India_ of 4th September, 1851, there is at Cossimbazar the following inscription:-- "SARAH MATTOCKS, Aged 27. Much lamented by her husband, Lieutenant-Colonel JOHN MATTOCKS. Was the grand-daughter of the Great JOHN HAMDEN, Esq., Of St. James's, Westminster." In the following number (dated 11th September, 1851), the editor offers an apology for having omitted the date of the decease of Mrs. Mattocks, viz. 1778; and then remarks that-- "As she was twenty-seven years old at her death, she must have been born in 1751; it was therefore impossible that she should have been the grand-daughter of the great John Hampden, that died in 1643, one hundred and eight years before her birth." Query, Can any of your correspondents give me any information respecting the subject? SALOPIAN. 306. _Cicada or Tettigonia Septemdecim._--In Latrobe's _Rambler in North America_, London, 1835, vol. ii. p. 290., is a curious account of this insect, which visits Pennsylvania every seventeenth year, and appears about May 24. It is under an inch in length when it first appears early in the morning, and gains its strength after the sun has risen. These insects live ten or fifteen days, and never seem to eat any food. They come in swarms, and birds, pigs, and poultry fatten on them. The female lays her eggs in the outermost twigs of the forest; these die and drop on the ground. The eggs give birth to a number of small grubs, which are thus enabled to attain the mould without injury, and in it they disappear; they are forgotten till seventeen years pass, and then the memory of them returns, and they rise from the earth, piercing their way through the matted sod, the hard trampled clay, &c. They appeared in 1749, &c., to 1834, and are expected in 1851. Has this expectation been fulfilled? C. I. R. 307. _The British Sidanen._--Under this title (the proper spelling in which should be _Sina_ or _Senena_) an article appears in Vol. iv., p. 120., comprising a portion of the genealogy of the Welsh princess, in which three of her sons are mentioned, viz., Owen, Llewellyn, and David. But there was a _fourth_ son, Roderic, who settled in England, and appears to have been residing there for some time, when the fatal rupture occurred between the two countries. It would appear that descendants of his have lived, and are living in our own times; among them, the late Dr. John Mawer, of Middleton Tyas, whose remarkable epitaph was given in a former number of "NOTES AND QUERIES." My first inquiry is, Is there known to exist any genealogy assuming to extend between the Rev. and learned gentleman just named and Prince Roderic? I am told there was one published in the _British Peerage for 1706_, at which time John Mawer would be three years of age; is such the fact? I wish also to ask, whether Prince _Owen_ was in existence at the time of the deaths of Llewellyn and David--whether in Wales or England? and whether he was the ancestor of Owen Tudor, the proud father of Henry VII.; and, if not, who _was_ Owen Tudor's ancestor? AMANUENSIS. 308. _Jenings or Jennings._--Was the late Mr. Jenings of Acton Hall, Suffolk, descended from the family of Jenings, formerly of Silsden, Skipton in Craven, and afterwards of Ripon, Yorkshire; and if so, where can information as to the pedigree be obtained? A. B. C. Brighton. 309. _Caleva Atrebatum, Site of._--May not the site of Caleva Atrebatum have been at Caversham, on the north of the Thames, near Reading? The distance of Caleva from Londinium was forty-four Roman miles, making forty English; and from Venta Belgarum, thirty-six Roman or thirty-three English miles. Caleva, according to Ptolemy's map, was on the north of the Thames; a portion of the present Oxfordshire being in the country assigned by the same geographer to the Atrebates. G. J. 310. _Abigail._--Whence, or when, originated the application of _Abigail_, as applied to a lady's maid? It is used by Dean Swift in this sense; but in a way that shows that it was no new phrase in those days. J. S. WARDEN. Balica. 311. _Etymology of Durden._--Jacob, in his _Law Dictionary_, giving Cowel as his authority (who, however, advances no further elucidation), derives the word from _dur-den_, a coppice in a valley. Does the word _dur_ signify wood, or, if the British _dwr_, is it not water? F. R. R. 312. _Connecticut Halfpenny._--I have a halfpenny, apparently American, bearing on the obverse, a head to the right, and "Auctori Connect.;" and on the reverse, "Inde." for _independence_, and "Lib." for liberty; date in the exerg., 1781 or 1787; and between "Inde." and "Lib." five stars. Can any of your correspondents tell me if my explanation of the reverse is the correct one? and also who was the "_Auctori Connect._," or founder of the state of Connecticut? J. N. C. King's Lynn. Minor Queries Answered. _Arms displayed on Spread Eagle._--For what reason are the arms of Methwen (and some others, I believe) placed on the breast of a two-headed eagle displayed sable? H. N. E. [When armorial ensigns are borne upon the breast of an eagle, the general inference is that the bearers thereof are Counts of the Holy Roman Empire, it being the practice in Germany for Counts of the Empire so to display the eagle. There are some cases in which especial grants have been made to Englishmen so to do, as in the case of the family of _Methwen_; and persons having received the royal licence in England to accept the dignity of Count of the Empire, so carry their arms, as in the cases of Earl Cowper, Lord Arundel of Wardour, St. Paul, &c.] _St. Beuno._--Where can I obtain any information respecting St. Beuno, to whom I find several churches dedicated in Wales? J. D. D. [In Rees's _Essay on the Welsh Saints_, p. 268., and Williams's _Ecclesiastical Antiquities of the Cymry_, p. 137. The college of Beuno is now called Clynog Vawr. See also _The Cambro-Briton_, vol. iii. p. 14.] _Lists of Knights Bachelor._--What publication contains a list of the _knights bachelor_ made by George I. and George II. (1714-1760)? With regard to the subsequent reign I have found the _Calendar of Knights_, by Francis Townsend, London, 1828, very accurate and perfect. ==> N. [There is not any continuous list of _Knights Bachelors_ in any published works since Philpot's _Catalogue_, 1660, until Townsend's _Calendar_, which commences in 1760. The knights made by Kings George I. and II. will be found only in some of the genealogical publications of the day, such as the _British Compendium_, published at intervals between 1720 and 1769; Chamberlayne's _State of Great Britain_; or Heylin's _Help to English History_, or Phillipps's _List of Nobility_, and similar works. Mr Townsend contemplated the publication of a list, and left an imperfect MS., which passed into the hands of Sir Thomas Phillipps, who printed it; but though privately circulated, it was never published. See Moule's _Bibliotheca Heraldica_ for various works of the character referred to.] _Walker._--An American lady lecturing on Bloomerism last week was much puzzled by the audience bursting into roars of laughter upon her quoting Professor Walker as an authority for some statement. The roars redoubled upon her declaring her belief that Professor Walker was a most respectable and trustworthy person. Can any one explain the origin of the joke that lies in the name "Walker?" Why do people say "Walker" when they wish to express ridicule or disbelief of a questionable statement? DAVUS. [The history of the renowned "Hookey Walker," as related by John Bee, Esq., is simply this:--John Walker was an out-door clerk at Longman, Clementi, and Co.'s in Cheapside, where a great number of persons were employed; and "Old Jack," who had a crooked or hooked nose, occupied the post of a spy upon their aberrations, which were manifold. Of course, it was for the interests of the surveillants to throw discredit upon all Jack's reports to the heads of the firm; and numbers could attest that those reports were fabrications, however true. Jack, somehow or other, was constantly outvoted, his evidence superseded, and of course disbelieved; and thus his occupation ceased, but not the fame of "Hookey Walker."] _See of Durham._--Can any of your readers inform me of "The privileges of, and the ancient customs appertaining to, the See of Durham?" H. F. Clapham, Nov. 3. 1851. [These relate most probably to the palatine rights of the Bishops of Durham, granted by Egfrid, King of Northumbria, in 685; when he gave to St. Cuthbert all the land between the Wear and the Tyne, called "the patrimony of St. Cuthbert," to hold in as full and ample a manner as the king himself holds the same. This donative, with its ancient customs and privileges, was confirmed by the Danes, and afterwards by William the Conqueror; in addition to which, the latter made the church a sanctuary, and the county a palatinate. Its bishop was invested with as great a power and prerogative within his see, as the king exercised without the bounds of it, with regard to forfeitures, &c. Thus it was a kind of royalty subordinate to the crown, and, by way of eminence, was called _The Bishoprick_. For an account of the ancient customs connected with the cathedral, our correspondent is referred to the curious and interesting work of Davies of Kidwelly, entitled, _The Ancient Rites and Monuments of the Monastical and Cathedral Church of Durham_, 12mo. 1672, which has been republished by the Surtees Society.] Replies. CONVOCATION OF YORK. (Vol. iv., p. 368.) This body (of which I am a member) ought to meet on the same occasions with that of Canterbury; but owing to the neglect or the wilfulness of its officials, many omissions and mistakes occur. I have heard a commission to _further_ adjourn the Convocation, from a day to which it previously stood adjourned, read the day _after_ that on which it ought to have assembled, but which day had arrived and passed without any one recollecting the fact! Our Convocation appears at no time to have acted a very prominent part, though its constitution is far better fitted for a working synod than that of the southern province. In the latter the _parochial_ clergy are so inadequately represented as to be much outnumbered by the _dignitaries_ appointed by the crown and the bishops; but in York there are _two_ proctors chosen by the clergy of _each_ archdeaconry and peculiar jurisdiction, and _two_ by each cathedral chapter; thus affording a complete counterpoise to the deans and archdeacons who are members _ex officio_. Another peculiarity in the Convocation of York is, that it assembles in _one_ house, the bishops commonly appearing by their proxies (priests), and the archbishop presiding by his commissioner, who is always the dean, or one of the residentiary canons of York. In 1462 (_temp._ Archbishop Booth) the Convocation of York decreed that such constitutions of the province of Canterbury as were not prejudicial to those of York should be received, incorporated, and deemed as their own (Wilkins's _Concilia_, vol. iii. p. 580.). Under Archbishop Grenefeld it was decreed that since the Archbishop of York hath no superior in spirituals except the Pope, no appeals should be suffered to the Archbishop of Canterbury (p. 663.). At an earlier period the northern metropolitan laid claim to all England north of the Humber, with the whole realm of Scotland (Wilkins, vol. i. pp. 325, 479, &c.). In a provincial council at London, A.D. 1175, his jurisdiction was denied over the sees of Lincoln, _Chester_, Worcester, and Hereford, upon which he appealed to the Pope. With the exception of Chester, however, none of these sees were finally retained in the province. The next year we are told that, in a (national) council at Westminster, the Pope's legate presiding, the Archbishop of York, "disdaining to sit at the left hand of the legate, forced himself into the lap of the Archbishop of Canterbury, but was immediately _knocked down_ by the other bishops and clergy, severely beaten, and thrust out of the council!" (Hoveden ap. Wilkins, vol. i. p. 485.) How far the Northern Convocation supported their burly prelate in these claims I do not know; but I _note_ that in those days the disorderly conduct of the clergy was _not_ made a pretext for the indefinite suspension of synodical functions; and I _query_ whether the clergy might not be trusted to behave quite as well in the nineteenth century. But to return to the Convocation of York. There is a curious letter, A.D. 1661, from Accepted Frewen, Archbishop of York, to the Convocation, desiring them to send up to London some of their members duly commissioned on their part to sit with the Lower House of Canterbury for the review of the Liturgy. In this letter the archbishop says that himself and the other bishops of the province were sitting _with the bishops of the southern province in their House_. A similar expedient for constituting a _quasi_-national synod seems to have been resorted to upon some earlier occasions; but the Convocation of York still passed in due form by their own separate decree what was so agreed upon. The Articles were thus subscribed by our Convocation in 1571, and the Canons in 1604 and 1640. Since then the Convocation of York has been regularly summoned, met, adjourned, and been prorogued, without even the dutiful address to the crown, which is regularly discussed and adopted in Canterbury. In the year 1847, a spasmodic attempt at life was manifested in this venerable and ill-used institution. Archbishop Harcourt had consented that an address to the crown should be adopted, and himself procured a draft to be approved by the bishops. His grace however died before the day of meeting. Some difficulty was experienced by the officials, both in York and London, as to the course to be pursued; but a precedent having been pointed out in the reign of James I., when Archbishop Hutton died after summoning the Convocation and before its assembly, a writ was issued from the crown to the dean and chapter at York to elect a _præses_ for the Convocation during the vacancy of the archbishoprick. They appointed the canon who happened to be in residence; an unusually large attendance was given; the Convocation was opened, the names called over, and then the officials had reached the limit of their experience; according to _their_ precedents we ought all to have been sent away. The address however was called on by the _præses_, being apparently quite unaware that a _prolocutor_ should be chosen by the clergy before they proceeded to business. Such an officer probably seemed to the dignitary already in the chair like a _second King of Brentford_ "smelling at one rose," and the demand was refused. Further difficulties ensued, of course, the moment the debate was opened; and finally, the _præses_, determined not to be tempted out of his depth, rose all at once, and read the fatal _formula_ which restored our glorious Chapter House to its silent converse with the ghosts. The Convocation has never since been heard of. CAN EBOR. THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND. (Vol. iv., p. 305.) If your correspondent A. B. R. will refer to Walpole's _Fugitive Pieces_ he will find a minute inquiry into the person and age of this long-lived lady. This is doubtless the dissertation alluded to by C. (Vol. ii., p. 219.) Pennant has _two_ notices of the countess in his Scotch tours. In that of 1769 (which somewhat strangely follows the one of 1772), he gives at p. 87. the engraving spoken of (Vol. iv., p. 306.), apparently taken from the original at Dupplin Castle. It differs a little from R.'s description of another portrait, as the cloak is strapped over the chest, not held by a button. In 1772 Pennant again describes this portrait in his _Tour in Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 88., and speaks of four others, viz., first, at Devonshire House; second, at the Hon. John Yorke's seat, near Cheltenham; third, at Mr. Scott's, printer; and the fourth, in the Standard Closet, Windsor Castle. At the back of the last is written with a pen "Rembrandt." "A mistake (says P.) as Rembrandt was not fourteen years of age (he was indeed only eight) in 1614, at which time it is certain the countess was not living." In my copy of the _Fugitive Pieces_ (the Strawberry Hill edition, presented by Walpole to Cole), I find the following manuscript note by Cole; _an amplification of the_ passage from Walpole's letters quoted at p. 306.:-- "Being at Strawberry Hill in April, 1773, I saw there a copy of the picture commonly attributed to the old Countess of Desmond; but Mr. Walpole told me that there is sufficient proof that it is a painter's mother, I think Rembrandt's. However, by a letter from Mr. Lort, April 15, 1774, he assures me that on Mr. Pennant's calling at Strawberry Hill to see this picture, he was much chagrined at having a print of it engraved for his book, till Mr. Lort revived him by carrying him to a garret in Devonshire House, where was a picture of this same countess with her name on it, exactly corresponding to his engraved print. I remember a tolerable good old picture of her at Mr. Dicey's, prebendary of Bristol, at Walton in Bucks." Walpole could not dismiss Pennant without a disparaging remark. He is "a superficial man, and knows little of history or antiquity; but he has a violent rage for being an author." Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones: Pennant would not have displayed the ignorance which Walpole exhibits in the instance before us. In an inscription, which the latter gives, on a Countess of Desmond buried at Sligo, occurs the following contraction: "Desmoniæ _Noie_ Elizabetha." Walpole says (_Fugitive Pieces_, p. 204.), "This word I can make no sense of, but _sic originale_; I take it to be redundancy of the carver. It seems to be a repetition of the last three syllables of Desmoniæ!" The sarcastic observations which Walpole passes on the Society of Antiquaries, its members, and its publications, are so frequent and so bitter, that they must have been founded on some offence not to be pardoned. Were the remarks on the "Historic Doubts" by the president, Dean Milles, and by the Rev. Robert Masters (printed in the first two volumes of the _Archæologia_), regarded as satisfactorily confuting Walpole's arguments; or did he aim, but unsuccessfully, at the president's chair? J. H. M. Bath. COINS OF VABALATHUS. (Vol. iv., p. 255.) There have been many attempts to explain the puzzling VCRIMDR, on the supposition that a Latin sentence was concealed under these letters. Pinkerton suggested "Voluntate Cæsaris Romani Imperatoris Maximi Domini, Rex." I hope to offer a better solution, which, although not new, has been passed over, I believe, by all subsequent writers. The Rev. George North, in the _Museum Meadianum_, p. 97., gives the following note: "Apud Arabes accepi verbum Karama significare Honoravit, a quo Ucrima, et Ucrim; quo sensu respondet hoc Arabicum [Greek: Tô Sebastô] apud Græcos." On applying to a well-known scholar and linguist here, I found that from the verb _Karama_ there was derived the adjective _Kar[=i]mat_ (nobilis), from which again the superlative _Akram_ comes. There can, I think, be little doubt that the word VCRIMDR is originally derived from this verb _Karama_, and that it is most probably equivalent to _Nobilissimus_, a title so common shortly afterwards, as applied to the heirs to the empire.[3] [Footnote 3: "_Nobilissimus_, in the Byzantine historians, is synonymous with Cæsar."--_Niebuhr._] The word [Greek: SRÔIAS] or [Greek: SRIAS], which appears on the Alexandrian coins of this prince, is of more difficult explanation. Some think it a prænomen, some a Syriac or other Eastern title, perhaps corresponding to VCRIMDR. Pellerin thought so. I hope some Oriental scholar will direct his attention to this point. These coins are very often ill struck, so that the part of the legend below the head, where the word in question is found, is indistinct, for which reason I suppose MR. TAYLOR has followed the erroneous reading of Banduri, [Greek: HERMIAS] (properly [Greek: HERMIAS], with lunate epsilon) for [Greek: SRÔIAS], which has been corrected by Eckhel. Of three specimens which I possess, one only reads clearly [Greek: SRÔIAS], from the above-mentioned cause, but it is unquestionably the correct reading on all. The best arrangement of the legend, from analogy with those forms used by the Romans, is as follows: [Greek: AUTokratôr . SRÔIAS . OUABALLATHOS . ATHÊNOdôrou . Huios.] The existence of coins, of which I possess a specimen also, reading [Greek: A . SRIAS . OUABALLATHOS . ATHÊN . U.] shows that we must not read [Greek: ATHÊNOU] as one word, but must divide it as above. I think MR. TAYLOR will find his specimen to read as the last-mentioned coin, the [Greek: ER] (properly [Greek: ER]) being [Greek: SR], and the [Greek: AU] in like manner [Greek: AS]. My coin gives the whole legend distinctly, and I can vouch for the exactitude of the above legend. I believe there appeared some years ago, in the _Revue de Numismatique_, an article on the coins of the Zenobian family, but I do not remember when it was published, nor the conclusions to which the writer came. That is, however, the most recent investigation of the subject, and to it I must refer MR. TAYLOR, as I have not access to that periodical here. Sir Gardner Wilkinson has published in the _Numismatic Chronicle_, vol. vii. or viii., an inscription containing the names of Zenobia and Vabalathus. After the name of Vabalathus, who has the title of Autocrator, is the word [Greek: ATHÊNODÔROU], which justifies the reading [Greek: Athênodôrou Huios] on the coins. Vabalathus is thus probably the son of Zenobia by a former husband, Athenodorus, while bearing himself the same name, as Vabalathus (better Vaballathus, as on the Alexandrian coins) is said to be equivalent to Athenodorus, Gift of Pallas. W. H. S. Edinburgh. MARRIAGE OF ECCLESIASTICS. (Vol. iv., pp. 57, 125, 193, 196, 298.) I entirely agree with you that your pages are not a fit battle-ground for theological controversy. Still, since the question of the translation of Heb. xiii. 4. has been mooted, I beg with much deference to suggest that it will not be quite right to let it fall to the ground unsettled, especially since CEPHAS has thought fit to charge those of our Reformers who translated the Scriptures with mistranslating advisedly, and with propagating new doctrines. CEPHAS'S version of the passage is right, and our English version is wrong; but the fault lies in the ignorance of our translators, an ignorance which they shared with all the scholars of their day, and many not bad scholars of our own, of the effect produced on the force of the article by the relation in which it stands to the other words in the clause, in point of order. [Greek: ho timios gamos] is "the honourable marriage;" [Greek: ho timios gamos esti] is "the honourable marriage is;" [Greek: ho gamos timios] is untranslateable, unless you supply [Greek: esti], and then it means "the marriage" (or, marriage in general, in the abstract) "is honourable." But [Greek: estô] might be supplied, as it is in Heb. xiii. 4., when it will mean, "let marriage be honourable:" and [Greek: timios ho gamos] has just the same meaning, with perhaps this difference, that the emphasis falls more distinctly on [Greek: timios]. The circumstance that the mere assertion that marriage is honourable in all (men or things), true as it is in itself, ill accords with the tenor of the passage of which it forms a part, which is hortatory, not assertive, is a good reason why CEPHAS'S version should be preferred. But when we find afterwards the words [Greek: kai hê koitê amiantos], it is impossible to deny this hortatory force to the sentence; for those words cannot mean "the undefiled bed:" and to translate them "the (or their) bed is undefiled"--which is the only version which they will here bear, but one--would give but a feeble sense. That sole remaining sense is, "the bed (let it) be undefiled;" subaudite [Greek: estô] in the verse is, "Let marriage be honourable in all" (men or things), "and the bed be undefiled; but (or for) whoremongers and adulterers God will judge." Had our translators known that [Greek: hê koitê amiantos] could not mean "the bed undefiled," they would at once have been driven to see that the verse is a commandment: and the commandment that marriage should be held honourable in all men (or in all respects), would have served the purpose of their doctrines quite as well as the affirmative form which they have given to their present version. I say, it would have served their purpose; but I say more: they heeded not what did or would serve their purpose. They looked only for the truth and disregarded all else in their pursuit of it. With regard to the controversy about [Greek: en pasi], it is immaterial which version be adopted. MR. WALTER is right in the rule which he enunciates, if he means that in those cases of adjectives in which the masculine and neuter forms are the same, "man" or "men," not "thing" or "things," must be understood: but it is not always observed, even in classical writers, either in Latin or in Greek. There is no reason why it should be broken here; and I do not believe it is broken. It must have been only by a slip of CEPHAS'S pen that he called [Greek: pasi] a feminine adjective. It undoubtedly refers to both sexes. I wish E. A. D. had given the Greek of the passages from Chrysostom and Augustine, of which he has communicated the Oxford translation, which is as likely to err, perhaps, as any other. Jerome's Latin, like the Vulgate, though the words are not precisely the same, gives a literal version of the Greek, without supplying any verb at all, either _est_ or _sit_, and, since the Latin has not that expressive power in cases like this which the article gives to the Greek, leaves the passage obscure and undecided. THEOPHYLACT. Replies to Minor Queries. _"Crowns have their Compass," &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--The lines alluded to by your correspondent MR. ABSALON form a inscription on a portrait of King James I. in the Cracherode Collection. (Vide Beloe's _Anecdotes_, vol. i. p. 210.) "Crownes have their compasse, length of dayes their date, Triumphes their tombes, felicitie her fate; Of more than earth can earth make none partaker, But knowledge makes the king most like his Maker." I am aware that this reference does not go to the "root of the matter," if MR. ABSALON wishes to ascertain the author's name; but it may serve as a clue to further discovery. MARGARET GATTY. Ecclesfield. It is quite obvious what lines your correspondent alludes to, though the above quotation which he gives as the commencement of them is not quite correct, nor were they written with the object he supposes. I send a correct copy of them below, taken from Mr. Payne Collier's very interesting _Life of Shakspeare_, to whom they have always been attributed; and, it is said, with every show of reason. It is supposed they were written by him in the shape of a complimentary allusion to King James I., in grateful acknowledgment of the patronage bestowed by that monarch upon the stage. The subject is fully discussed at pp. 202, 203. of Mr. Knight's volume, whence, indeed, the above information is derived; and he publishes the lines, as follows, stating then to be copied from a coeval manuscript in his possession:-- "SHAKSPEARE ON THE KING. "Crowns have their compass--length of days their date-- Triumphs their tomb--felicity, her fate-- Of nought but earth can earth make us partaker, But knowledge makes a king most like his Maker." Some one, to make the allusion more complete, that is, to over-do it, changed "_a_ king" into "_the_ king" in a subsequent publication of the lines. But this, as Mr. Payne Collier very justly feels, completely spoils the whole complexion of the epigram, and perverts a fine allusion into a raw personality. J. J. A. _The Rev. Richard Farmer_ (Vol. iv., pp. 379.[4] 407.).--The observations of BOLTON CORNEY upon my incidental mention of Dr. Farmer, are, I think, wholly unwarranted, both in substance and manner, especially as he himself furnishes ample confirmation of its truth. [Footnote 4: At page 379., second column, fifth line from bottom, for "thrice" read "twice."] Taking his quotations in due order-- 1. The certificate of Dr. Farmer's character for learning and ability is unnecessary, because neither was impugned; nor does an allegation of atrocity in taste and judgment necessarily imply deficiency in mere book-learning. 2. As for Isaac Reed's opinion in favour of Farmer's Essay, it might be met by many of directly opposite tendency, and of at least equal weight. 3. In the only point really in question, BOLTON CORNEY "cannot deny that Farmer related the anecdote of the _wool-man_" (that being the reputed trade of Shakspeare's father); but to what end was it related, if not to suggest an application of which Steevens was only the interpreter? But BOLTON CORNEY thinks the character of the witness suspicious; he forgets that only just before he had stated that the anecdote and its application had been repeated in three editions, extending over thirteen years, all within the lifetime of Dr. Farmer! A. E. B. Leeds. _Earwig_ (Vol. iv., pp. 274. 411.).--The correspondent who asserts the _curious fact_ that Johnson, Richardson, and Webster do not notice the word _earwig_ must have consulted some expurgated editions of the works of those celebrated lexicographers--or else we must consider his assertion as a _curious fact_ in the history of literary oversights. BOLTON CORNEY. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. Although there are few books which have proved of greater utility to inquirers into the more recent history of England than Beatson's _Political Index_, yet it is also true that there are few which have more frequently or more justly caused the reader to feel the want of a new and improved edition. A very short examination, however, of Mr. Haydn's recently published Beatson's _Political Index Modernised, The Book of Dignities, containing Rolls of the Official Personages of the British Empire, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Judicial, Military, Naval, and Municipal, &c._, will satisfy the reader that such want has at length been supplied in a manner the most ample and the most satisfactory. For though we have referred to Beatson's well-known work for the purpose of furnishing a better idea of the _Book of Dignities_, we are bound to acknowledge that Mr. Haydn is justified in stating, that in the work in question he owes little more than the plan to Beatson. Mr. Haydn's volume not only contains many lists (among them the "Administrations of England, and the Judges of the Ecclesiastical Courts") not to be found in the _Political Index_, but the author has had the advantage of being permitted to search the various official records with the view of enabling him to give complete and accurate information. The result, of course, is obvious; namely, that just in the same proportion that our author surpasses Beatson in the extent and accuracy of his various lists, does the _Book of Dignities_ exceed its predecessor in usefulness to the official man, the historian, and the scholar. Mr. Hunt's experience as a public lecturer at the various literary and scientific institutions of the country, having convinced him that for the majority of the members of those institutions most of the existing works on natural philosophy are of too abstruse and technical a character--are, in short, sealed books,--he has been led to publish a small volume which we have no doubt will soon become extremely popular. It is entitled _Elementary Physics, an Introduction to the Study of Natural Philosophy_; and, as its object is to teach physical science so far as to render all the great deductions from observation and experiment satisfactorily clear, without encountering the difficulty of mathematics,--and no one is better able to do this, and throw a charm over such a subject, than the author of the _Poetry of Science_,--the work, which is illustrated with upwards of two hundred woodcuts, will be found eminently useful; not only to those who have neither time nor opportunity to carry their studies beyond its pages, but especially as a "first book" to those in whom it may awaken the desire for a more perfect knowledge of the beautiful and important truths of which it treats. The nature of the _Hand Atlas of Physical Geography, consisting of a Series of Maps and Illustrations, showing the Geographical Distribution of Natural Phenomena, embracing the Divisions of Geology, Hydrography, Meteorology, Natural History: from the Physikalischer Atlas of Berghaus, and the Maps of the Erdkunde, drawn by and under the immediate Superintendence of Drs. Ritter and Kiepert, Oetzel, Grimm, &c., by the Editor of the University Atlas of the Middle Ages_, is sufficiently described by its ample title-page; which shows, moreover, that the work is not a mere copy or reduction of the great atlas of Berghaus, on which it is founded. As a companion to the works of Humboldt, Mrs. Somerville, and other writers on physical geography, it will be found most useful; while its convenient size, and moderate price, place it within the reach of almost all classes of readers. CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--Nattali and Bond's (23. 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HELENA; THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN. Tale IV. DESDEMONA; THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD. Tale V. MEG AND ALICE; THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR. Vol. II. Price 6_s._ Tale VI. ISABELLA; THE VOTARESS. Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA; THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE. Tale VIII. OPHELIA; THE ROSE OF ELSINORE. Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA; THE FRIENDS. Tale X. JULIET; THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA. Vol. III. (In progress.) Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO; THE COUSINS. Tale XII. OLIVIA; THE LADY OF ILLYRIA. SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationer's Hall Court. CHOICE AND USEFUL BOOKS, AT JAS. NEWMAN'S, 235. HIGH HOLBORN. =Ashmole's= Institution, Laws, and Ceremonies of the Order of the Garter, fine plates by Hollar, with an Autograph Letter of Ashmole inserted, folio, neat. 3_l._ 3_s._ 1672. =Anderson's= Royal Genealogies, best edition, folio, neat. 2_l._ 1736. =Banks's= Dormant and Extinct Baronage of England, with Supplement, 4 vols. 4to. hf. bd. calf. 1_l._ 16_s._ 1807-37. ---- Baronia Anglica Concentrata; or, An Account of Baronies in Fee, with the Proofs of Parliamentary Sitting from the Reign of Edward I., 2 vols. 4to. 1_l._ 1_s._ 1844. =Bracton= De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliæ, best edition, folio, very neat. 2_l._ 2_s._ 1569. =Britton's= Cathedral Antiquities of Great Britain, fine plates, large paper, 6 vols. royal 4to. hf. bd. uncut. 15_l._ 15_s._ 1814-36. ---- Architectural= Antiquities of Great Britain, fine plates, large paper, 4 vols. royal 4to. russia extra. 8_l._ 8_s._ 1807-14. =Berry's= Encyclopædia of Heraldry, plates, 3 vols. 4to. cf. gt. 3_l._ 3_s._ 1820. =Bibliotheca= Topographica Britannica (Nichols's) a Collection of Topographical, Antiquarian, and Biographical Tracts, 8 thick vols. 4to. boards, very scarce 14_l._ 14_s._ 1780-90. =Collectanea= Topographica et Genealogica, 8 vols. royal 8vo. 5_l._ (Published at 8_l._ 8_s._) 1834-43. =Carte's History of the Life of James Duke of Ormonde, 1610-88, 3 vols. folio, very neat. 3_l._ 15_s._ 1735-6. =Chronicles= of England and France, by Froissart and Monstrelet, translated by JOHNES, with the Memoirs of Froissart and John Lord de Joinville, plates, 9 vols. royal 4to. fine set, russia extra. 12_l._ 12_s._ 1803-10. =Devonshire.=--Oliver's Monasticon Diocesis Exoniensis, fine plates, folio, calf extra. 3_l._ 3_s._ 1846. =Domesday= Book, with the Introduction and Indexes, also the Supplements, 4 vols. folio, new, hf. bd. calf. 7_l._ 10_s._ 1783-1816. =Dibdin's= Bibliographical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Tour in France and Germany, fine plates, best edition, 3 vols. royal 8vo. russia extra. 6_l._ 10_s._ 1821. =Drummond's= Histories of Noble British Families, numerous fine Plates, some in colours. 2 vols. royal folio, hf. bd. morocco. 21_l._ 1846. =Dugdale's= History of the Imbanking and Draining of Fens, &c., plates, folio, very neat. 2_l._ 1772. =Dumont= et Rousset, Corps Universel Diplomatique du Droit des Gens, ou Recueil de Traites de Paix, de Treve, &c. &c. 30 vols. large paper, folio, fine copy, calf. 10_l._ 10_s._ 1726-39. =Essex.=--Morant's History of the County, plates, best edition, 2 vols. folio, uncut. 6_l._ 6_s._ 1768. =Fenn's= Original Letters of the Paston Family, written during the reigns of Henry VI., Edw. IV., &c., 5 vols. 4to. fine copy in russia, very scarce. 6_l._ 16_s._ 6_d._ 1787-1823. =Fosbrooke's= Encyclopædia of Antiquities, with the Foreign Topography, plates, best edition, 3 vols. 4to. calf extra. 2_l._ 15_s._ 1823-8. =Fox's= Book of Martyrs, numerous curious cuts, &c. 3 vols. folio calf, very neat. 3_l._ 13_s._ 6_d._ 1641. =Fuller's= Worthies of England, with the Index, folio, very neat, 2_l._ 2_s._ 1662. =Grimaldi's= Origines Genealogicæ, 4to. calf gilt, scarce, 2_l._ 2_s._ 1828. =Gough's= Sepulchral Monuments in Great Britain fine plates, large folio. 1786-96. ---- British Topography, an Account of what has been done for illustrating Topographical Antiquities, 2 vols. 4to. very neat. 1_l._ 8_s._ 1780. =Grose's= Antiquities of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, several hundred plates, 12 vols. imperial 8vo. russia. 8_l._ 8_s._ 1784, &c. =Guillim's= Heraldry, fine plates, best edition, thick folio, neat. 4_l._ 4_s._ 1724. =Hertfordshire.=--Chauncy's History of the County, plates, including the scarce ones, fine copy, calf. 8_l._ 8_s._ 1700. =Hertfordshire.=--Clutterbuck's History of the County, fine plates, 3 vols. folio, very clean copy, in boards, 11_l._ 11_s._ (Published at 18_l._ 18_s._) 1815-27. =Lelandi= de Rebus Britannicis Collectanea, cum T. Hearnii, plates, 6 vols, 8vo. neat. 2_l._ 16_s._ 1770. =Lysons'= Magna Britannia, an Account of the Counties of Beds, Berks, Bucks, Cambridge, Cheshire, Cornwall, Cumberland, Derby, and Devon, many plates, 6 vols, 4to. hf. bd. neat. 3_l._ 13_s._ 6_d._ 1806-22. ---- Account of the Environs of London, with the Supplement, plates, best edition, 6 vols. 4to. half russia. 3_l._ 10_s._ 1792-6. =London.=--Stow's Survey, many plates, best edition by Strype, 2 vols. folio, fine copy in russia. 1754. ---- Wilkinson's Graphic and Historical Illustrations, 207 interesting plates, 2 vols. royal 4to. hf. bd. 3_l._ 13_s._ 6_d._ 1819-25. =Madox's Firma Burgi, Baronia Anglica, Formulare Anglicanum, and History of the Exchequer, large paper. 4 vols. folio, russia, gilt edges. 3_l._ 16_s._ 1727. &c. =Manuscripts in the British Museum.--Catalogues of the Cottonian, Harleian, and Lansdowne Collections, 6 vols. folio. 5_l._ 10_s._ 1802-19. =Montfaucon= (B. De), Les Monumens de la Monarchie Française, numerous fine plates, 5 vols. folio, neat in calf, scarce. 8_l._ 18_s._ 6_d._ Paris, 1729-33. =Meyrick's= Ancient Armour, last edition, much enlarged, fine coloured engravings, 3 vols. folio, hf. bd. morocco. 8_l._ 18_s._ 6_d._ 1844. =Murphy's= Arabian Antiquities of Spain, 100 fine engravings, large folio, hf. bd. morocco, 7_l._ 7_s._ =Neale's= Views of Seats, nearly 900 fine plates, proofs on India paper, with descriptions, large paper, 11 vols. 4to. 12_l._ (Published at 55 guineas.) 1822-9. =Nichols's= Progresses and Processions of Queen Elizabeth, also of King James I., plates, 7 vols. 4to. fine copy, new in calf. 9_l._ 1823-8. =Norfolk.=--Blomefield and Parkin's History of the County, plates, large paper, 11 vols. 4to. fine copy, calf. 9_l._ 1805-10. ---- and Suffolk.--Cotman's Engravings of the Sepulchral Brasses in those Counties, original edition, folio, hf. bd. 2_l._ 15_s._ 1819. ---- another new edition enlarged, 2 vols. folio, hf. bd. morocco. 4_l._ 14_s._ 6_d._ (Published at 8_l._ 8_s._) 1838. ---- Cotman's Architectural Antiquities of the County, 240 fine plates, with Descriptions by Rickman, 2 vols. large folio, hf. bd. morocco. 7_l._ 7_s._ 1838. =Nottinghamshire.=--Thoroton's History of the County, with additions by Thoresby, plates, 3 vols. 4to. very neat. 2_l_ 15_s._ 1797. =Oxfordshire.=--Plat's History of the County, best edition, folio, fine copy, calf. 1_l._ 10_s._ 1705. ---- Skelton's Antiquities of the County, fine plates, royal 4to. calf extra. 2_l._ 8_s._ ---- The same, with the Oxonia Antiqua Restaurata, the Colleges, Halls, &c. and the Record of Oxford Founders, 4 vols. royal 4to. cloth. 6_l._ 10_s._ (Published at 24_l._) 1823-8. =Painter's= Palace of Pleasure, a series of Tales which appeared during the reign of Elizabeth, edited by Haslewood, 2 vols. 4to. hf. russia, uncut. 2_l._ 15_s._ 1813. =Picart's= Ceremonies and Religious Customs of various Nations, fine plates, large paper, 7 vols. large folio, hf. bd. 5_l._ 1733. =Rolls= (The) of Parliament, comprising the Petitions, Pleas, &c., from Edward I. to Henry VII., with Index, 7 vols. folio, hf. bd. neat. 2_l._ 15_s._ =Sandford's= Genealogical History of the Kings and Queens of England, best edition, by Stebbing, plates, fine copy. 6_l._ 10_s._ 1707. =Somersetshire.=--Collinson's History of the County, plates, with some scarce additional ones inserted, 3 vols. royal 4to. hf. bd. uncut. 4_l._ 4_s._ 1791. Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 29, 1851. [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | +------------------------------------------------+------------+ *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV, NUMBER 109, NOVEMBER 29, 1851 *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. 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