Notes And Queries, Issue 170.

This work, so often quoted, is familiar to every antiquary; but as the name of the intelligent and laborious editor does not appear in any of our biographical dictionaries, a short sketch may not be unacceptable to our readers.

William Robertson was born at Fordyce, in the county of Banff, in the year 1740. Having gone through the usual course of elementary instruction in reading and writing, he entered the Latin class at the grammar school of his native parish; a seminary then, as now, of great celebrity in the North of Scotland. Among his schoolfellows he contracted a particular intimacy with Mr. George Chalmers, afterwards Secretary of the Board of Trade; so well known by many elaborate and valuable commercial, historical, and biographical publications. The connexion between the schoolboys, originating in a similarity of taste and pursuits, was strengthened at a subsequent period of their lives by the contributions of the intelligent Deputy Keeper of the Records of Scotland to the local and historical information of the author of Caledonia, so honourably recorded in that national work. He completed his academical studies at King's College, Aberdeen, where he was particularly distinguished by his proficiency in the Greek language, under Professor Leslie. He was then apprenticed to Mr. Turner of Turnerhall, advocate in Aberdeen; but had been little more than a year in that situation, when Mr. Burnett of Monboddo applied to Professor Leslie to recommend to him as his second clerk a young man who had a competent knowledge of the Greek language, and properly qualified to aid him in his literary pursuits. The Professor immediately mentioned young Robertson; and Mr. Turner, in the most handsome manner, cancelled his articles of apprenticeship. During his connexion with Mr. Burnett, he accompanied him in several visits to France, on taking evidence as one of the counsel in the great Douglas cause. On his first visit there, he went with him to see the savage girl, who, at that time, was creating a great sensation in Paris; and, at his request, made a translation {102}of M. Condamines' account of her, to which Mr. Burnett wrote a preface. In the year 1766 he was appointed Chamberlain to James, Earl of Findlater and Seafield, on the recommendation of Lord Monboddo. In 1768 he published, at Edinburgh, The History of Greece, from the Earliest Times till it became a Roman Province, being a concise and particular account of the civil government, religion, literature, and military affairs of the states of Greece, for the use of seminaries of education, and the general reader, in 1 vol. 12mo. At this period, having caught a portion of the jealous nationality of the multitude, he published a political jeu d'esprit entitled A North Briton Extraordinary, by a young Scotsman in the Corsican service, 4to., 1769: designed to repel the illiberal invectives of Mr. Wilkes against the people of Scotland. Some of the popular objections to the Union reiterated by the young Scotsman having been found in the characteristic discussion between Lieutenant Lesmahagon and Matthew Bramble on the same subject, in The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker, the authorship was on that account erroneously attributed to Dr. Smollet, who had then discontinued an unsuccessful opposition to Mr. Wilkes in the The Briton.

In 1773 Mr. Robertson married Miss Donald, only child of Captain Alexander Donald, of the 89th, or Gordon Highlanders. In the year 1777 he received his commission from Lord Frederick Campbell, the Lord Clerk Register of Scotland, as colleague of his brother, Mr. Alexander Robertson, who had been appointed one of the Deputy Keepers of the Records of Scotland some years before. He was now in a situation completely suited to his wishes, and entered on the duties of his office with the utmost enthusiasm. It very early occurred to him, that many ancient records of Scotland, which had been removed by Edward I., might still be recovered; and he suggested to Lord Frederick Campbell, who was as enthusiastic as himself in everything tending to throw light on the early history of Scotland, that searches ought to be made in the State Paper Office in London for the purpose of ascertaining whether some of the earlier records might yet be found. Lord Frederick Campbell entered warmly into his views, and the success with which the search was made may be ascertained by consulting the Preface to the Index of Charters.

The Reports to the Parliamentary Commissioners appointed to inquire into the state of the records, with the suggestions made by him, and which have been so ably followed up since his death by the late Thomas Thomson, Esq., Deputy Clerk Register, were considered of such importance as to merit a vote of thanks of the Select Committee, which was transmitted to him along with a very friendly letter from Mr. Abbot, then Speaker of the House of Commons, afterwards Lord Colchester. He commenced the laborious work of printing The Records of the Parliament of Scotland, in which he made considerable progress, having, previous to his death, completed one very large folio volume.

Between the years 1780 and 1790, in consequence of a strict investigation into the validity of the claims of several persons to peerages in Scotland, Mr. Robertson was much employed in inquiring into the state of the peerage, both by those who made and those who rejected such claims. This circumstance naturally led him to a minute acquaintance with the subject; and induced him to publish, in 1794, a quarto volume, entitled Proceedings relative to the Peerage of Scotland from 16th January, 1707, to 20th April, 1788: a work which has been found of the greatest service in conducting the elections of the representative peers of Scotland.

The object of this publication was to endeavour to recover many ancient records, which there was much reason to believe were still in existence. The labour which he underwent in preparing this volume for the press, and in transcribing a very ancient quarto manuscript, written on vellum, which was found in the State Paper Office, was very great. Every word of this ancient vellum MS. he copied with his own hand, and it is printed along with the volume of the Records of the Parliament of Scotland. The preface, introduction, notes, and appendix to the Index of Charters, show, not only the great labour which this work required from him, but the extensive information also, on the subject of the ancient history of Scotland, which he possessed.

At a general meeting of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, held Jan. 28, 1799, he was elected a member, and placed in the literary class of the Society. He died March 4, 1803, at his house, St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh, in the sixty-third year of his age.

COWPER, OR COOPER.

In the midsummer holidays of 1799, being on a visit to an old and opulent family of the name of Deverell, in Dereham, Norfolk, I was taken to the house of an ancient lady (a member of the aforesaid family), to pay my respects to her, and to drink {103}tea. Two visitors were particularly expected. They soon arrived. The first, if I remember rightly (for my whole attention was singularly riveted to the second), was a pleasant-looking, lively young man—very talkative and entertaining; his companion was above the middle height, broadly made, but not stout, and advanced in years. His countenance had a peculiar charm, that I could not resist. It alternately exhibited a deep sadness, a thoughtful repose, a fearful and an intellectual fire, that surprised and held me captive. His manner was embarrassed and reserved. He spoke but little. Yet once he was roused to animation; then his voice was full and clear. I have a faint recollection that I saw his face lighted up with a momentary smile. His hostess kindly welcomed him as "Mr. Cooper." After tea, we walked for a while in the garden. I kept close to his side, and once he addressed me as "My little master." I returned to school; but that variable, expressive, and interesting countenance I did not forget. In after years, standing, as was my wont, before the shop windows of the London booksellers (I have not quite left off this old habit!), reading the title-pages of tomes that I intensely longed, but had not then the money, to purchase, I recognised at a shop in St. Paul's Churchyard that well-remembered face, prefixed to a volume of poems, "written by William Cowper, of the Inner Temple, Esq." The cap (for when I saw "Mr. Cooper" he wore a wig, or his hair, for his age, was unusually luxuriant) was the only thing that puzzled me. To make "assurance doubly sure," I hastened to the house of a near relation hard by, and I soon learnt that "Mr. Cooper" was William Cowper. The welcome present of a few shillings put me in immediate possession of the coveted volumes. I will only just add, that I read, and re-read them; that the man whom, in my early boyhood, I had so mysteriously reverenced, in my youth I deeply and devotedly admired and loved! Many, many years have since passed away: but that reverence, that admiration, and that love have experienced neither diminution nor change.

It was something, said Washington Irving, to have seen even the dust of Shakspeare. It is something too, good Mr. Editor, to have beheld the face and to have heard the voice of Cowper.

YANKEE, ITS ORIGIN AND MEANING.

The meaning of the term Yankee, which our transatlantic brethren now willingly adopt as their collective name, has acquired more notoriety than it deserved from the unlucky and far-fetched derivations which it has received in so many different publications. The term is of Anglo-Saxon origin, and of home-growth. We all know, from the veritable Diedricht Knickerbocker's History of New York, that its earliest settlers were exclusively Dutchmen, who naturally named it, though from anything but similarity in local situation, New Amsterdam. We may, of course, suppose that in the multitude of these Dutch settlers the names they carried over would be pretty nearly in the same proportion as at home. Both then and now the Dutch Jan (the a sounded very broad and long), abbreviated from the German Johann, our John, was the prevailing Christian appellative; and it even furnished, in Jansen, &c. (like our Johnson), frequent patronymics, particularly with the favourite diminutive cke, Jancke: and so common does it still remain as such, that it would be difficult to open the Directory of any decent-sized Dutch or Northern German town without finding numerous instances, as Jancke, Jaancke, Jahncke, &c., according as custom has settled the orthography in each family. It is scarcely necessary to say that the soft J is frequently rendered by Y in our English reading and speaking foreign words (as the Scandinavian and German Jule becomes our Yule), to show how easily and naturally the above names were transformed into Yahnkee. So much for the name as an appellative; now for its appropriation as a generic. The prominent names of individuals are frequently seized upon by the vulgar as a designation of the people or party in which it most prevails. We have Paddies for Irishmen, Taffies for Welshmen, and Sawnies (abbreviated Alexander) for our Scotch brethren: so, therefore, when English interests gained the upper hand, and the name of New Amsterdam succumbed to that of New York, the fresh comers, the English settlers, seized upon the most prominent name by which to designate its former masters, which extended to the whole of North America, as far as Canada: and the addition of doodle, twin brother to noodle, was intended to mark more strongly the contempt and mockery by the dominant party; just as a Sawney is, in most of the northern counties, a term next door to a fool. It is, however, to the credit of our transatlantic brethren, and the best sign of their practical good sense, that they have turned the tables on the innuendo, and by adopting, carried the term into repute by sheer resolution and determinate perseverance.

The term slave is only the misappropriation, by malevolent neighbours, of the Slavonic term slaus or laus, so frequent in the proper names of that people; Ladislaus, Stanislaus, Wratislaus, &c., meaning, in their vernacular tongue, glory or praise, like the Latin laus, with which it is no doubt cognate: and so servi and servants is but a derivative from the Serbs, Sorbs, or Servians, whose glorious feats in arms against their Turkish oppressors have proved that there is nothing servile in their character.

SHAKSPEARE'S BEDSIDE, OR THE DOCTORS ENUMERATED.—A NEW BALLAD.

On looking over a collection of MSS. which has lain untouched for many years, I have lighted on the accompanying ballad. Of its source I know nothing; nor do I recollect how it fell into my hands. I have never seen it in print. The author, fancifully enough, imagines the various editions of Shakspeare brought in succession to the sick-bed of the immortal bard, and has curiously detailed the result of their several prescriptions.

If you do me the favour of giving it insertion in your valuable "N. & Q." I shall feel obliged; and I think that your numerous Shakspeare correspondents, to some of whom it may be unknown, will not be displeased at seeing it in the columns of your interesting journal. The editorial period to which the ballad is brought down will tolerably fix its date:

Old Shakspeare was sick—for a doctor he sent—

But 'twas long before any one came;

Yet at length his assistance Nic Row did present;

Sure all men have heard of his name.

As he found that the poet had tumbled his bed;

He smooth'd it as well as he could;

He gave him an anodyne, comb'd out his head,

But did his complaint little good.

Doctor Pope to incision at once did proceed,

And the Bard for the simples he cut;

For his regular practice was always to bleed,

Ere the fees in his pocket he put.

Next Theobald advanced, who at best was a quack,

And dealt but in old women's stuff;

Yet he caused the physician of Twick'nam to pack,

And the patient grew cheerful enough.

Next Hanmer, who fees ne'er descended to crave,

In gloves lily-white did advance;

To the Poet the gentlest of purges he gave,

And, for exercise, taught him to dance.

One Warburton, then, tho' allied to the Church,

Produced his alterative stores;

But his med'cines the case so oft left in the lurch

That Edwards^[1] kick'd him out of doors.

Next Johnson arrived to the patient's relief,

And ten years he had him in hand;

But, tired of his task, 'tis the gen'ral belief,

He left him before he could stand.

Now Capel drew near, not a Quaker more prim,

And number'd each hair in his pate;

By styptics, call'd stops, he contracted each limb,

And crippled for ever his gait.

From Gopsal then strutted a formal old goose,

And he'd cure him by inches, he swore;

But when the poor Poet had taken one dose,

He vow'd he would swallow no more.

But Johnson, determined to save him or kill,

A second prescription display'd;

And, that none might find fault with his drop or his pill,

Fresh doctors he call'd to his aid.

First, Steevens came loaded with black-letter books,

Of fame more desirous than pelf;

Such reading, observers might read in his looks,

As no one e'er read but himself.

Then Warner, by Plautus and Glossary known,

And Hawkins, historian of sound^[2];

Then Warton and Collins together came on,

For Greek and potatoes renown'd.

With songs on his pontificalibus pinn'd,

Next, Percy the Great did appear;

And Farmer, who twice in a pamphlet had sinn'd,

Brought up the empirical rear.

"The cooks the more num'rous the worse is the broth,"

Says a proverb I well can believe;

And yet to condemn them untried I am loth,

So at present shall laugh in my sleeve.

Rigdum Funnidos.

FOLK LORE.

Cures for the Hooping Cough (Rubus fruticosus).—The following is said to prevail in the counties of Warwick, Worcester, and Stafford, as a remedy for this harrowing disorder in children: that if a child is put to walk beneath a common bramble (Rubus fruticosus), having rooted in the ground at both extremities (which may be very commonly met with where they grow luxuriantly), a certain number of times, a perfect cure would be the result.

Gryphea incurva.—In the course of conversation with an old man in the county of Warwick, relative to ancient customs, he related to me as a fact within his own knowledge, that the pretty round stone shell, as he termed it (picking one up at the same time), a specimen of the Gryphea incurva, or Devil's Thumb, as it is frequently called, which is found in considerable quantities in the gravel beds of that county, when prepared in a certain manner—calcined, I believe—is a certain specific for this complaint in its most obstinate form. Indeed, he related to me some very extraordinary cures which he had himself witnessed.

Donkey.—A certain number of hairs taken from the black cross on the shoulders of a donkey, and put into a small bag made of black silk, and worn round a child's neck afflicted with the complaint, is a never-failing remedy.

Minor Notes.

"Wha lies here?

Pate Watt, gin ye speer.

Poor Pate! is that thou?

Ay, by my soul, is't;

But I's dead now."

Epitaph composed by an old gardener at Ilderton, Northumberland, for his own tombstone:

"Under this stone lies Bobbity John,

Who, when alive, to the world was a wonder;

And would have been so yet, had not Death in a fit

Cut his soul and his body asunder."

Nostradamus on the Gold-diggings.—Nostradamus (physician to Henry II. of France) has the following among his prophecies (p. 33.):

"Las, qu'on verra grand peuple tourmenté

Et la loy sainte en totale ruine,

Par autres Loix toute la Christianité,

Quand d'or, d'argent trouve nouvelle mine."

"Alas! how a great people shall be tormented,

And the holy law in an utter ruin;

By other laws all christendom be troubled,

When new mines of gold and silver shall be found."

Whimsical Bequest.—Is the following cutting from the Ipswich Journal of January 8th, 1853, worth preserving in your pages?

The Orkneys in Pawn.—Dr. Clarke mentions a curious circumstance, which was related to him in Norway, by Bernard Auker, of Christiana. He stated that Great Britain had the Orkney Islands only in pawn. Looking over some old deeds and records, belonging to the Danish crown, at Copenhagen, Mr. Auker found that these islands were consigned to England, in lieu of a dowry for a Danish princess, married to one of our English kings, upon condition that these islands should be restored to Denmark whenever the debt for which they were pledged should be discharged. Therefore, as the price of land, and the value of money, have undergone such considerable alteration since this period, it is in the power of Denmark, for a very small sum, to claim possession of the Orkneys.

Lord Duff's Toast.—Having made a considerable collection of old Scots almanacks, I find occasionally on the waste papers at the beginnings and ends some curious notes: they, however, chiefly refer to the weather, crops, fairs, and prices of corn, starting-hours of coaches, &c. I find the following toast noted on the New Scots Almanack for 1802: I send it to "N. & Q.," not knowing if it ever has been in print:

Queries.

THE METEORIC STONE OF THE THRACIAN CHERSONESUS.

In the Quarterly Review just published, the reviewer, in the course of an interesting article on "Meteors, Aerolites, and Shooting Stars," makes a suggestion which, if admitted into "N. & Q.," may {106}meet the eye of some English resident or traveller in the East, who will give to it the attention it deserves.

A great degree of interest is attached to the recorded fall of aerolites in times past, and the most remarkable and authentic record of antiquity on this subject is that of the massive stone which fell in the 78th Olympiad (about the time of the birth of Socrates), at Ægospotamos (the goat's river), on the Hellespont,—the place soon afterwards the scene of that naval victory of Lysander, in the last year of the Peloponnesian war, which subjected Athens and Greece for a time to the Spartan power. The fall of this stone, says the reviewer, is expressly mentioned by Aristotle; by the author of the Parian Chronicle; by Diogenes of Apollonia; and most fully by Plutarch and Pliny, both of whom distinctly state it to be shown in their time—the sixth century after its fall. Pliny's description is well marked. "Qui lapis etiam nunc ostenditur, magnitudine vehis, colore adusto;" and he adds the fact that a burning comet (meteor) accompanied its descent. Plutarch explicitly states that it was still held in much veneration by the inhabitants of the Chersonesus. He also speaks of its vast size. If the mass remained visible, and of such magnitude as described, down to Pliny's time, it is far from impossible (remarks the reviewer) that it may even now be re-discovered, with the aid, perchance, of some stray tradition attached to the place, surviving, as often happens, the lapse of ages, the changes of human dominion, and even the change of race itself, upon the spot. The locality, indeed, is not further indicated than by the statement of its fall at Ægospotamos; but the invariable manner in which it is thus described defines tolerably well the district to be examined. We learn (he adds) from the old geographers, that there was a town called Ægospotami on the Thracian side of the Hellespont, and we may infer a stream from which its name was derived. The description of the naval fight, and the situation relatively to Lampsacus (the modern Lamsaki), further define the locality within certain limits. The reviewer then adds some practical suggestions of importance. The traveller devoting himself to this research should make his head-quarters at various places near the spot in question. He should render himself previously familiar with the aspect of meteoric stones, as now seen in European cabinets, and should study the character of rocks and fragmentary masses in the vicinity, to appreciate the differences of aspect. A small part only of the mass may now appear above the surface, and may even be wholly concealed by alluvial deposits, in which case the research would, of course, be in vain, unless happily aided by local tradition, which at the outset should be sedulously sought for. The research, if successful, would be of interest enough, both for history and science, to perpetuate a man's name. In the hope that some of the correspondents of "N. & Q.," now sojourning in, or likely to visit the locality, may be tempted to undertake it, I send you these suggestions, extracted from an article of no small scientific interest and value; and I will conclude with the Query, whether the "sacred black stone," which is mentioned by Colonel Williams (the British Commissioner for the settlement of the Turkish boundary question) to be regarded by the Seids inhabiting Despool as their palladium, has any legend of meteoric origin connected with its history?

BANBURY CAKES AND ZEAL.

The Tatler, No. 220., in describing his "Ecclesiastical Thermometer" which gave indication of the changes and revolutions in the Church, and of the different degrees of heat in religion throughout the country, says:

In Gough's Camden, vol. i. p. 298., there is rather an amusing account of the manner in which the town of Banbury gained a proverbial reputation for zeal; and the following note by Mr. Camden, in his MS. supplement to the Britannia, is added:

"Banbury veal, cheese, and cakes."

and refers to the mistake in Camden.^[3] Now it is {107}possible, that Dr. Fuller derived his estimation of the town of Banbury from Camden; still, as we know that Banbury in the seventeenth century had a character for Puritanism, he may have intended by the word zeal to refer to the sectarian spirit of the inhabitants. But what I would ask is, whether any events occurred in Banbury in the eighteenth century, which justify The Tatler in classing it among those places which were hot in the cause of the Church; and giving to the words of the "facetious divine," whom he quotes, a signification entirely different to that which must have been intended?

Also, where is the first mention of Banbury cakes? Did their reputation decline in the eighteenth century, and revive again afterwards; or had they a celebrity in early days to which the present age can present no parallel? The Banbury people would hardly assent to The Tatler's disparaging remark.

Minor Queries.

Richardson or Murphy.—I have in my collection a portrait, purporting to be that of "Joseph Richardson, Esq., Barrister, and Member for Newport in Cornwall," engraved in line by W. J. Newton, from a picture by the late president, M. A. Shee, Esq., R.A.; and another impression, from the same plate, inscribed "James Murphy, Esq., Architect." Will any of your readers be good enough to inform me which of those gentlemen was the real Simon Pure, and what induced the alteration of name, &c.?

I could cite numerous instances of the same kind of trick having been practised, and may trouble you with further inquiries on a future occasion. At present I am anxious to ascertain whether I have got a genuine or spurious portrait in my portfolio of artists.

Legend attached to Creeper in the Samoan Isles.—Walpole, in his Four Years in the Pacific, mentions a creeper of most singular toughness, to which the natives attach a legend, which makes it the material employed by some fabulous ancestor to bind the sun, and which they term facehere, or Itu's cord, affirming that it cannot be broken "even by the white man, clever as he is." Mr. Walpole certainly failed in his attempts to clear a way through it. Will any of your botanical readers give me the proper name of the plant? and also of the "Giant Arum," which the same people call the king or chief of plants?

Shearman Family.—Is there a family named either Shearman or Spearman in Yorkshire or in Wales? What are their arms? Is there any record of a member of this family settling in Ireland, county of Kilkenny, about the middle of the seventeenth century; his name, &c.? Are there any genealogical records concerning them?

American Fisheries.—Almost from the first settlement of the colony of Massachusetts Bay, this has been a troublesome question; and now that it is under the consideration of the English and American governments, it is to be hoped that it may be finally settled.

In June, 1623, a vessel arrived at Plymouth, Cape Cod, commanded by Admiral West, who had been sent from England for the sole purpose of preventing all persons, whether subjects of Great Britain or foreigners, from fishing on the coast, unless they had previously obtained permission for that purpose from the Council of New England. The admiral meeting with much opposition, and finding he could not settle the question in an amicable manner, left Plymouth in disgust, and sailed for southern Virginia. The colonists then appealed to Parliament, and an act was passed that the fisheries should be free.

Query, In what year was this act passed, and has the permission then granted ever been annulled?

Grindle.—What is the true meaning of this word, and are any other parts of the kingdom called thus? The one I allude to is still called "The Grindle," close adjoining the town of Bury St. Edmund's; and consists of an encampment and earthworks, very similar to several mentioned before in "N. & Q." under the articles "Grimsdyke" (Vol. iv., pp. 152. 331. 454.; Vol. v., p. 43. &c.). A local guide to the town (Gillingwater, p. 5.) gives the word Grim, a fortress=Grinneal, depths in the ground.

Can any reader of your valuable Notes give any further explanation of the word, or of its origin at Bury?

A Gentleman executed for whipping a Slave to Death.—In the first volume of Eastern Europe, published in London by T. C. Newby, in 1846, it is thus recorded:

Might I ask if there is any other instance known of a gentleman's having suffered similar punishment for the same crime, during the period the West India islands were held as slave colonies of England?

Brydone.—A. J. C. would be glad to be informed of the birthplace of Mr. Brydone, the tourist and author. The biographies state that he was the son of a clergyman, and born in Scotland; but do not give the exact locus in quo.

"Clear the Decks for Bognie's Carriage."—The announcement, in Punch, that the Lords of the Admiralty had ordered a large supply of arm-chairs (of course on castors) for the use of our veteran commanders, has recalled to my recollection the above, which used to pass current in Banffshire, as a call for a clear stage. Can any of your readers tell us who was "Bognie;" what was his "carriage," and what the connexion between it and "decks?"

The date when chains and bars were first erected for levying toll into the City of London.

The date of the erection of the first Temple Bar, its architect's name, and when pulled down or destroyed, and if burnt during the Great Fire.

The authority for the present gate having been built after designs of Sir Christopher Wren.

Scarf worn by Clergymen.—By what authority do clergymen, who are neither chaplains to any member of the royal family, or to any peer or peeress, or have not taken the degree of D.D., wear a scarf either over the surplice or the black gown?

Erasmus Smith.—The undersigned is much interested in learning something of the life and history of Erasmus Smith, the founder of the numerous schools in Ireland that still go under his name, and are governed by a chartered incorporation. If it was a great act to found and endow so many schools, assuredly Erasmus Smith gives additional authority to the dictum, that "The world knows nothing of its greatest men."

Croxton or Crostin of Lancashire.—Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." furnish me with any particulars of this family; whether they bore arms, and what they were? They are, I believe, of Lancashire origin,—the name frequently occurring in the history of that county. Where is also the ancient (and formerly very extensive) parish of Crostin?

Grub Street Journal.—Can any of your readers give me information as to the parties by whom this journal was conducted; or who formed the Grub Street Society, shortly before, and for a few years after 1730; or what this society was: or refer me to the best sources of information on the subject? My reason for asking the question is, that I have lately found a manuscript book—a common thickish square account-book in a vellum back—containing at one end, as it seems, the minutes of the meetings of the Grub Street Society, signed by the members at each meeting: at the other end, the accounts of the funds of the association. If it should prove that the entries are genuine, and they should prove to be of any interest, I should send you some extracts from the book.

Chaplain to the Princess Elizabeth.—What was the surname of the person who officiated as chaplain to the Princess Elizabeth during her imprisonment at Woodstock in 1554? His Christian name was William.

"The Snow-flake."—In a comparatively obscure poem, The Snow-flake, not very long published, occurs the line:

"When Kola's mild blue eyes shall weep."

Minor Queries with Answers.

Leamhuil or Lahoel.—Can you, or any of your readers, give me a description of the place, abbey, or other ancient building, called Leamhuil or Lahoel, or refer me to some work where I may find the history of the same? In Lewis's Topographical Dictionary it is said to be somewhere in Queen's County, Ireland. Also, inform me whether there has been any family of that name?

Orte's Maps, Edition of 1570.—I have in my possession a quarto volume of fifty-three coloured maps, by Abraham Orte, and printed at Antwerp in 1570.

Almost all the maps are ornamented with some miniature paintings, representing the ships or galleys used in the country which the map describes. On many of these there are also the figures of whales and flat-fish. On the map of Russia, in one part, there are three large tents, with three men, clothed in coloured garments, at the entrance of them; and near by some camels are grazing. In another part is seen a cluster of trees, and seated in the branches of the first and largest there is the figure of a saint, to whom it would appear five men, or priests, are kneeling and praying, with their heads uplifted and hands outstretched. On the branches of the trees in the background several persons are hanging.

On the twenty-eighth map there is a large town represented at the foot of a hill, and above it these words: "Urbis Salis Burgensis genuina Descriptio." Can any of your correspondents inform me if there is another copy of this work known to be extant; and, if so, whether the maps are like those I have briefly described? In a catalogue of rare books, I have seen no mention made of this edition of 1570, though reference is made to one of twenty years a later date.

Prayer for the Recovery of George III.—In 1815, when I first went to school, one of my schoolfellows had (I think in manuscript in the fly-leaf of his Prayer-Book) a prayer for the king's recovery, of which I remember only two detached portions:—"Restore, we implore Thee, our beloved sovereign to his family and his people"—"and whether it shall seem fit to Thine unerring wisdom, presently to remove from us this great calamity, or still to suspend it over us, dispose us, under every dispensation of Thy Providence, patiently to adore Thine inscrutable goodness." The rest I forget. Can any of your correspondents supply the remainder of the prayer; or tell me where it is to be found, or who was the author?

Replies.

MRS. MACKEY'S POEMS.

Mrs. Mary Mackey was "a real person," and the widow of a conveyancer in good practice. Of him she says (Scraps of Nature, p. 362.):

He left only enough to purchase for her a small annuity. She was uneducated, as she says, p. 274.:

"I never learned to write or spell,

Although I read and write so well;"

but laboured under the illusion that she was a poetess. She sought an interview with Hewson Clarke by inviting him to meet a lady who admired his writings in White Conduit Fields. He went, and was somewhat mortified to find a matron of about forty-five, who placed her MS. in his hand, and requested his candid opinion on a future day. She was lady-like and sensible upon all matters except her own poems. Of course his opinion was easily formed; but he assured her that, though the poems were very good, they would not suit the public taste, and that she would be rash in publishing. She took his advice, but unfortunately happened to know Peter Pindar, who had been one of her husband's friends. She devotes a "scrap" to a kiss which he gave her (p. 215.). He was blind, but on hearing some of her poems read, he exclaimed, "Oh, my God, madam, there is nothing like this in Shakspeare!" Such a compliment turned her head; she sold her annuity to publish her book, and was reduced to extreme distress and misery. This is stated in a notice of the book in The British Stage, Sept. 1817, p. 210. The article, which is signed K., was written by the editor, Mr. Jones Broughton of the India House, a friend of Hewson Clarke, and once editor of The Theatrical Inquisitor.

I agree with G. C. that the "scraps" are niaiseries; as literature nothing can be worse; but they are curious and, I think, deeply interesting as genuine expressions of feeling. Mary Mackey was vain and weak, but true-hearted, {110}generous, and affectionate; she conceals nothing, and lays bare her poverty and her wish to marry again. She advertises herself under the form of a pony for sale:

"For since she has been free by the death of her

Late owner, the poor thing has been a scamperer,

And has often known the want of a good meal;

For she was highly fed in her old master's lifetime.

But he, alas! sleeps in peace, and peace be to his soul.

He was a good master and a real gentleman,

And left his little trotter to a merciless world:

She is gentle by Nature; but the poor thing's heart

Is now breaking; yet by kind treatment she might

Be made one of the most valuable and amusing

Things in Nature. She is a little foundered, but not to hurt

Or retard her movements; she is of some mettle and

High spirit, notwithstanding her hard fate,

She will even kick if roughly handled,

Nor would she suffer a dirty hand to touch her."—P. 105.

"I wish I had an only friend,

To shield me from the winter's blast,

For should I live to see another,

He may cut keener than the last;

And I shall never wish to feel

A keener winter than the past."—P. 288.

She complains of a refusal from one to whom she wrote "to beg or solicit some bacon," and says:

"To him she has given, she never did lend,

For her plan is to give to the foe or the friend."—P. 180.

Some one, probably Clarke, wrote an anonymous letter to dissuade her from publishing. This she answers indignantly in prose, concluding:

Throughout the silliness run veins of feeling, respect for her husband, gratitude for the smallest acts of kindness, and cheerfulness under want. In some lines to a cat, apparently written during her husband's sickness, she says:

"Now Grimalkin each day on her throne takes a seat,

With a smile on her face when her master can eat;

But, alas! he eats little."—P. 309.

Truly Mary Mackey must have been a good wife and friend, and I hope I may claim some credit for extracting evidence thereof from perhaps the weakest verses ever written. Her own opinion was different, and is thus expressed in her

G. C.'s copy is defective. Mine has a portrait of Mrs. Mary Mackey, which indicates considerable beauty, despite of very poor drawing and engraving, and the execrable thin curls and short waist of 1809. The "falling tear is visible;" but, had not the authoress told us what it was, it might be taken for a mole or a wart. As the face is perfectly cheerful, and the "scrap" is headed "Compliment to the Engraver," I hazard the conjecture that he was instructed to add the tear to a miniature painted before she had been compelled to shed tears on her own account.

MAP OF CEYLON.

Your correspondent Ajax asks information of me as to the best, or even a tolerable, map of Ceylon. I am not surprised at the inquiry, as no satisfactory map of that island exists to my knowledge. It may illustrate this assertion to mention, that in 1849 I travelled through the vast and interesting district of Neura Kalawa, to the north of the Kandyan range; and I carried with me the map of "India and Ceylon," then published, and since reprinted in 1852, by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. In that map the country I was passing through appears as a large blank, with the words "Unknown mountainous region." But I found it abounding in prosperous villages, and tracts of land cultivated both for rice and dry grain. So far from being "unknown," its forests have a numerous though scattered population; and as to its being "mountainous," there is scarcely a hill in the entire "region." There is a meagre map of Ceylon, drawn by George Atkinson, who was civil engineer and surveyor-general of the colony, and published by Wylde in 1836. It is more correct than others, but sadly deficient in information.

Mr. Arrowsmith, of Soho Square, published in 1845 an admirable map of what is called the Kandy Zone, being the central province of the island, prepared by the Deputy Quarter-Master-General, Colonel Frazer; assisted by Captain Gallwey and Major Skinner, of the Ceylon Civil Service. Col. Frazer has since placed in Mr. Arrowsmith's hands a map of the entire island: it has not yet appeared; but when published it will be found to be as nearly perfect in its details as any map can be.

In reply to the inquiry of Ajax as to the publication of my own work on the history and {111}topography of Ceylon, it is still in hand; but the pressure of official and parliamentary duties has sadly retarded its preparation for the press.

"AM, HAVE, AND WILL BE:" HENRY VIII., ACT III. SC. 2.

Independently of the obvious probability that Shakspeare, in these three words, intended to embody the present, the past, and the future, there is another reason why we can by no means part with have, or suffer it to be changed into any other word; and that is, because it is open to one of those parallel analogies which I have so often upheld as sure guides to the true reading. Only a few lines before, in a previous speech of Wolsey's, he makes use of a precisely similar elliptical coupling together of the verbs have and be:

"My loyalty,

Which ever has, and ever shall be, growing."

Here we have, in "has and shall be," the identical combination which, in the case of "have and will be," has given rise to so much doubt; so that we have only to understand the one phrase as we do the other, and make the slight addition of the personal pronoun I (not before, but after am), to render Wolsey's exclamation not only intelligible, but full of emphasis and meaning.

But in the first place the King's speech to Wolsey might be more intelligibly pointed if the words "your bond of duty" were made a parenthetical explanation of that. The "bond of duty" is the mere matter-of-course duty to be expected from every subject; but the King says that, over and above that, Wolsey ought, "as 'twere in loves particular," to be more! Thereupon Wolsey exclaims—

"I do profess

That for your highness' good I ever labour'd

More than mine own."

Here he pauses, and then immediately continues his protestation in the fine passage, the meaning of which has been so much disputed; suddenly reverting to what the King had just said he ought to be, he exclaims:

"That, am I, have, and will be,

Though all the world should crack their duty to you,

and throw it from their soul," &c.

Still less can it be permitted to change "crack their duty" into "lack their duty." Setting aside all consideration of the comparative force of the two words, and the circumstance that crack is frequently used by Shakspeare in the sense of sever by violence—the adoption of lack would be to attribute to Shakspeare an absolute blunder, for how could "all the world" throw from their soul that which they lacked?

With reference to another alteration ("capable" into "palpable," in As You Like It, Act III. Sc. 5.), notwithstanding that it seems so obvious, and has been declared so self-evident, "as to be lauded needs but to be seen," I, for one, enter my protest against it, being of opinion that the conservation of capable is absolutely essential to the context.

Capable may be, and has been, defended upon various grounds; but there is one consideration which, with me, is all-sufficient, viz., it is necessary for the explanation and defence of the accompanying word "cicatrice." Capable is concave, and has reference to the lipped shape of the impression, and cicatrice is a lipped scar; therefore one word supports and explains the other. And it is not a little singular that cicatrice should, in its turn, have been condemned as an improper expression by the very critic (Dr. Johnson) who, without perceiving this very cogent reason for so doing, nevertheless explains "capable impressure" as a hollow mark.

SIR HENRY WOTTON'S LETTER TO MILTON.

I desire to speak with the greatest deference to Mr. Bolton Corney's superior judgment, but still I cannot help saying that Thomas Warton's remarks upon "our common friend Mr. R." and "the late R.'s poems" do not seem to be supported by the facts. Randolph's poems were printed at Oxford in 1638, but in which month we are not told. The first question then is this, Were they printed before or after the 13th of April, when Wotton's letter was written? If after the 13th, or even the 6th of April, when Milton's presentation copy of Comus was forwarded, of course the matter is decided. But, allowing for the present that they were printed before the 13th of April in the year 1638, I must ask, in the second place, Could Sir H. Wotton predicate of any volume printed in that year before that date (or rather of Comus stitched up with that volume), that he had viewed it some long time before with singular delight? I certainly think not, but shall be very happy to have my objections overruled.

Then, again, if we admit Mr. Bolton Corney's "novel conjecture" (which I freely allow to be a great improvement upon that of Thomas Warton), how comes it the Sir H. Wotton knew nothing of "the true artificer" of Comus until he was let into the secret by Milton himself? If Robert Randolph was the "common friend" of Wotton and Milton, was he not likely to have {112}known something of the authorship of Comus, and to have enlightened Sir Henry thereon? My principal objection remains. Thomas Randolph was far too popular a poet to have been contemptuously alluded to by Wotton or any one else in that age, and, making all due allowance for laudation and compliment, Wotton does disparage the poems to which Milton's Masque was appended.

I think that quaint old Winstanley gives the general opinion of Randolph. He says:

We must therefore, perhaps, look out for some more obscure and worthless poet, whose "principal" Milton's "accessory" was to "help out."

When writing on this subject before, I said that Samuel Hartlib had not settled in England at the time of Sir H. Wotton's letter to Milton (Vol. vi., p. 5.). I am indebted to Warton for that mistake. He fixes the date of his coming hither to "about the year 1640." (Illustrations of Milton's Minor Poems, p. 596.: Lond. 1775.)

Samuel Hartlib figures amongst the correspondents of Joseph Mede in March, 1634, and even then dated from London. (Mede's Works, vol. ii. lib. iv. p. 1058.: Lond. 1664, fol.)

Amongst the Letters and Despatches of Lord Strafforde are two letters from Sir Henry Wotton, which do not appear in the Reliquiæ (vide vol. i. pp. 45-48.: Dublin, 1740, fol.), though some sentences in the former of the two may be found at p. 373. of said work. I often find it a pleasant employment to fill up the gaps and trace out the allusions in Wotton's correspondence.

May I give a short specimen of one of his letters filled up? It was written, I suppose, to Nicholas Pey:

By "B." is meant St. Edmund's Bury, and by the "excellent physician" no less than Gaspero Despotine, who, together with Mark Anthony de Dominis, accompanied Sir H. Wotton and his chaplain Bedell from Italy.

However, he was very unlike the archbishop of whom Dr. Crakanthorp used to say, that he was well called "De Dominis in the plural, for he could serve two masters, or twenty if they would all pay him wages." (Hacket's Life of Williams, part i. p. 103.: Lond. 1693, fol.) Despotine left Italy that he might at the same time leave the communion of the Church of Rome, and when Bedell was appointed to the living of St. Edmund's Bury, he accompanied him thither. One of Wotton's very interesting letters announces the event. (Reliquiæ, p. 400.) Under the fostering care of the saintly Bedell, Despotine rose to eminence in his profession at St. Edmund's Bury, and kept up a kind correspondence with his guide and patron after his promotion to the Provostship of Trinity College, Dublin, and the sees of Ardagh and Kilmore. (Burnet's Life of Bishop Bedell, ad init.)

In another letter (Reliquiæ, p. 356.) Wotton speaks of having given also to Michael Brainthwaite and the young Lord Scudamore the advice of Alberto Scipioni to himself, to "keep his eyes open and his mouth shut," which Milton sadly disregarded.

SKULL-CAPS VERSUS SKULL-CUPS.

Your correspondent James Graves seems to consider cooking in a skull impossible. I certainly have never tried it, nor do I wish to express an opinion as to the taste of the Irish or their invaders, A.D. 1315, though methinks those who relished the "flesh" need not have demurred to the pot. But as to the possibility, in Ewbank on Hydraulic Machines, book i. cap. 3., I find the following mention of

He then quotes Kotzebue as finding "the Radack Islanders boiling something in cocoa-shells." A primitive Sumatran vessel for boiling rice is the bamboo, which is still used; by the time the rice is dressed the vessel is nearly destroyed by the fire. This destructibility needs hardly to be considered an objection to the "starving fugitives," as plenty of the same kind must have been at hand, and even an Irishman's skull is probably as little inflammable as gourds, cocoa-sells, or bamboos.

Should the following extract not be considered as bearing on the question, we must admit that it is a remarkable bit of folk lore.

The quotation is second-hand, being taken from the Chronicles of London Bridge, Family Library, p. 436.; the authority is, however, there given. The passage refers to some parties engaged to refine the coinage, and who were taken ill, affected probably by the fumes of arsenic.

INEDITED POEM BY POPE.

This, which is headed "Note," ought to have been headed Query: and it affords an instance of ignorance on the part of some of our correspondents; and of, I fear I must add, inattention on that of our worthy Editor, which I think it right to notice as a warning to all parties for the future: and I appeal to the candour of our Editor himself to give my protest a place.

The first step in this curious affair is to be found in "N. & Q.," Vol. ii., p. 7., where "the Editor of Bishop Warburton's Literary Remains" produced, as attributed to Mr. Charles Yorke, a kind of epitaph of sixteen lines, beginning—

"Stript to the naked soul, escaped from clay."

That the "editor of Bishop Warburton's Literary Remains," and his friend "an eminent critic," should have been at a loss to know where these well-known verses were to be found, and should have countenanced their having been Charles Yorke's, seems the more wonderful: for the verses are given in Warburton's own letters as Pope's, and were printed near a hundred years ago in Ruffhead's Life of Pope, as Pope's; and in the MS. copy furnished by Mr. Yorke, they are marked as "Mr. Pope's."

The next error is, that this mention of Mr. Yorke's name—though his MS. bore the name of Pope—seems to have given rise to the idea that he was the author, which Lord Campbell has so fully adopted as to have reprinted, in his Lives of the Chancellors (vol. v. p. 428.), the verses as the composition of Charles Yorke.

We next find in "N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 43., a reply of W. S. to the Query of Warburton's editor, stating "that the verses were by Pope," and lately republished in a miscellany by James Tayler, with a statement that they were not inserted in any edition of Pope's works. The fact being, that they have been inserted in Warton's edition, 1797; and in Bowles', and in all subsequent editions that I have seen: and it seems strange that W. S. did not take the trouble of verifying, by a reference to any edition of Pope, the statement that he quoted.

Next we have, in the same (3rd) volume of "N. & Q.," a communication from Mr. Crossley, which states correctly all the foregoing circumstances, with the addition, that the verses appeared as Aaron Hill's in an edition of his works as early as 1753. Thence arises another discussion; were they Pope's or Hill's? Roscoe thought they were Hill's; Mr. Crossley thinks they were Pope's. I think, both from external and internal evidence, that they were not Pope's. But that has little to do with my present object, which is to show how often the matter has been already discussed in "N. & Q." I must observe, however, that Mr. Crossley has fallen into a slight anachronism. He says that the verses were "transferred from Ruffhead into Bowles' edition;" whereas they, as I have stated, were transferred into Warton's many years earlier.

After all this disquisition comes a recent Number of "N. & Q.," of which a column and a quarter is wasted by a correspondent A. T. W., who confesses that he (or she) has not a modern edition of Pope within reach, and begs to know whether these verses (repeated in extenso) "have been yet introduced to the public?"

Surely "N. & Q." should beware of correspondents that write to inquire about Pope, without having an edition of his works; and I cannot but wonder that this crambe, which had been served up thrice before, and so fully by Mr. Crossley, should have been recocta, and introduced as a new theme, entitled to a special attention.

CIBBER'S "LIVES OF THE POETS."

Allow me to draw your attention to a curious letter which I transcribe, with reference to the above. It appears to have escaped the notice of Mr. Croker, although it corroborates his statements. It was written by the bookseller himself who published the Lives, and would seem to set the matter as to their authorship completely at rest. Griffiths appears to have been also the editor of the Monthly Review; and Cartwright, the inventor of the power-loom, to whom the letter is addressed, to have been one of his contributors.

ENGLISH COMEDIANS IN THE NETHERLANDS.

From the following extract from the Thes. Rek. (Treasury Accounts) of Utrecht, it appears that English actors performed there:

In the Gerechtsdagboecken (Minutes of the Council) of Leyden appear several requests of English comedians to perform there in 1614; these I hope soon to have in hand. I can now give the decision of the Council on the request of the Englishman W. Pedel:

In 1656 English comedians came to Dordrecht, but were soon obliged to withdraw. About 1600 some appeared in Germany, who considerably diminished the taste for biblical and moral pieces. See Dr. Schotel, Blik in de Gesch. v.h. tooneel.; Gervinus, Neuere Geschichte der poetischen Nationalliteratur der Deutschen, vol. iii. pp. 96-100.—From the Navorscher.

LA BRUYÈRE.

I am unable to reply to Ursula's questions; but I would ask permission to solicit from such of your better-informed correspondents as may become votaries to Ursula, that they would extend the range of their genealogical pilgrimage so far as to pay a visit to the ruins of Tor Abbey. I should be glad to learn whether either William Lord Briewere or William de la Bruere (both of whom were connected with the foundation of that religious house) were of the same family as Thibault de la Bruyère, the Crusader, who is one of the subjects of Ursula's inquiry. Dr. Oliver (Monast. Exon., note at p. 179.) thinks that these two William Brewers may have represented families originally distinct from each other:

Whether these two William Brewers represented distinct families or not, it appears that they became closely allied by marriage. At fol. 81. of an "Abstract of the Tor Cartulary, at Trinity College, Dublin," given by Oliver, p. 187., the following grants occur; viz.:

Both families appear to have given the name of Brewer to their places of residence.

Buckland Brewer, on the other hand, derived its name (according to the same authority) from the family of which William Lord Brewer was the representative.

The Brewers appear to have founded other religious houses, and to have held possessions in other parts of England. It was from Welbeck Abbey, in Nottinghamshire, that William Lord Briwere obtained subjects for his abbey at Tor; and Bruern, or Temple Bruer, in Lincolnshire, belonging to the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, Clerkenwell (see Dugdale's Monast., new edition, vol. vi. par. ii. p. 801.), would seem to owe its name to some connexion with the Brewer family, as did also, perhaps, Bruera in Chester, &c.

Mention is made of a William de la Bruera in the History of Northamptonshire (edit. Oxon., 1791, tom. i. p. 233.), in connexion with the township of Grafton, to which manor Joane, his wife, and her sister Bruna, appear to have been co-heirs, as daughters of Ralph de S. Samson, temp. Henry III.

William Brewer, Bishop of Exeter (brother of the William Lord Briewere already mentioned), was "put in trust" by King Henry III. "to conduct his sister, the Lady Isabella, into Germany, to her intended marriage with the Emperor Frederic." See Jenkins's History of Exeter, 1806, p. 252.

There was another William Brewer, a son of William Lord Brewer; but he died without male issue.

I fear these few notices bear no very precise relation to Ursula's inquiries. Still I send them, in the hope of discovering, by the kindness of some of your erudite contributors, what is the difference (if any) between the names La Bruyère, De la Bruere, and Briewere; and also whether, originally, these names belonged to two or three distinct families, or only to so many different branches of the same family.

P.S.—The name Bruere is probably not yet extinct, either in France or in England. In the Bodleian Library there is a letter, addressed by John Bruere to the clergy of the diocese of Oxford, written within the last century, and bearing date "May 19, 1793," "Odington, near Islip," of which place the author was probably the rector. And in the British Museum Catalogue, under the name of (M. de la) Bruere, is mentioned Histoire du Règne de Charlemagne, 2 tom. 12^o; Paris, 1745.

SOUTHEY'S CRITICISM UPON ST. MATHIAS' DAY IN LEAP-YEAR.

Mr. Yarrum's exposé of Southey's singular blunder is perfectly just; but it does not include the whole truth, a consideration of which renders the lapsus even more notable and unaccountable than if it arose only from a want of acquaintance with the distribution of Roman Catholic Feriæ.

The allegation of error against the historians, because they had "fixed the appointed day on the eve of Mathias," would seem to imply that they might have fixed upon some other feast-day with more correctness; whereas there is no other in the calendar which could by any possibility be affected by leap-year: but the most extraordinary part of the mistake is, the ignorance it displays (scarcely credible in Southey) of the origin and etymology of the bissextile institution—the very subject he was criticising.

Because the name "bissextile," as every body knows, arose from the repetition in leap-year of the identical day in question: the sixth of the kalends of March; the 24th of February; the feast of the Regifugium amongst the Romans; and of its substitute, that of St. Mathias, amongst the Christians.

It is clear, that since the Regifugium was held upon the sixth day before the 1st of March (both inclusive), that day must, according to our {116}reckoning, be the 24th of February in common years, and the 25th in leap-years: therefore, the supernumerary or superfluous day, added on account of leap-year, was considered to be the 24th of February, and not the 25th; which latter, in those years, became the true "Sixth before the Kalends." Indeed, it is highly probable, although it cannot be supported by direct evidence, that the first day of the double sextile was distinguished from its name-fellow of the following day by having the word "bis" prefixed to sextum; so that, in leap-years, the 24th of February would be expressed as follows: "Ante diem bis-VI Calend. Martias;" while the following day, or the 25th of February (being considered the real Simon Pure), would retain the usual designation of "A.D. VI Calend. Mar." Such an hypothesis offers a reasonable explanation of the seeming reversal in terms of calling the day which first arrived posterior, and that which succeeded it prior.

Although the Church of England Calendar now places the feast of Saint Mathias invariably on the 24th of February in all years, yet the earlier copies of the Book of Common Prayer allocated it to "The Sixth of the Kalends of March," without any direction as to which of the two days, bearing that name in leap-years, it should be appropriated. The modern Reformed Church Calendar therefore repudiates the usage of the Romans themselves, rather than that of the Roman Catholics.

PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.

Portable Camera for Travellers.—Your correspondent E. S. asks for a clear description of a camera that will supersede the necessity of a dark room. Mr. Stokes has invented one; and in the early part of the photographic exhibition at the Society of Arts it was exhibited. The weight of the camera is only nine pounds, including focussing-glass, lens, shutter, &c. The shutter is so arranged that it will contain from twelve to twenty pieces of prepared paper, each piece between separate sheets of blotting-paper. Light and air are completely excluded, by the paper being pressed by the front portion of the shutter. When required for use, the first piece of paper is placed at the back of the glass. By the assistance of a small hood, the impression is then taken; and, by removing the millboard, the paper will fall back into its place. At the same time another piece can be brought forward, ready for a second picture, before focussing, and so on to the end. The hood is made of India rubber cloth, and answers the purpose of a focussing cloth, without the trouble of removing it from the camera throughout the day. The size of the pictures that can be taken by it is 9½ by 12 inches. It has been tried during the latter part of the last year, and proved most successful.

The Albumen Process.—I shall be greatly obliged to Dr. Diamond, or any other photographer, by their kindly communicating through your medium their experience with albumenized glass. I have Thornthwaite's Guide to Photography.

Must the albumen be poured off from the plate after it is spread over the surface, in the same manner as collodion?

Is the plate (while roasting, according to the process of Messrs. Thompson and Ross) nearly perpendicular in the process?

May the same sensitive bath be used for a number of plates without renewing, in the same way as silver bath for collodion?

In conclusion, what is the average time with single achromatic lens, six or seven inch focus, to allow to get a good picture?

Will photographers who are chemists turn their attention to obtain sensitive dry glass plates? for I think there can scarcely be any doubt of the advantage of glass over paper for small pictures (weight, expense, &c., are perhaps drawbacks for pictures larger than 5 × 4 inches); but the desideratum is a sensitiveness nearly equal to collodion, and a plate that can be used dry.

Black Tints of French Photographers.—Can you inform me, through the medium of your valuable periodical, how those beautiful black tints, so much prized in the French prints from photographic negatives, are obtained? By so doing you will give great pleasure to several excellent amateur photographers, and especially your constant reader,

Originator of the Collodion Process.—As some think the credit of the invention of the collodion process a matter of dispute, will you allow me to remind your correspondents that the truth will be much easier to discover if they will confine themselves to actual facts?

In No. 167., p. 47., G. C. first recklessly accuses Mr. Archer of untruth, and then tests his own claim to truth by quoting from Le Gray's edition of 1852, to prove Le Gray's edition of 1850. Why did he not go back at once to the 1850 edition; and if that contains anything like an intelligible process, why is it altogether omitted from Le Gray's edition of 1851, which was the one Mr. Archer spoke of, and correctly? {117}

The history of collodion is (as far as I know) this. In September, 1850, Dr. Diamond invited me to meet Mr. Archer at his house, and for the first time Mr. Archer produced some prepared collodion, a portion of which identical sample Dr. Diamond now has in his possession.

Mr. Archer had then been trying it some five or six weeks. His experiments then went on, and in March, 1851, he published it in the Chemist. Let any of your readers procure that Number, and compare Mr. Archer's claim with Le Gray's, who, in 1852, states that he published it in 1850, and gave "the best method that has been discovered up to the present time;" and yet, singularly enough, in his edition of 1851, leaves out this best method entirely.

Developing Paper Pictures with Pyrogallic Acid, &c.—Have any of your photographic correspondents tried developing their paper negatives with pyrogallic acid? If so, perhaps he would favour the readers of "N. & Q." with the result of his experiments.

In Dr. Diamond's process for paper negatives, he says the paper, after the iodizing solution has been applied, must be dried before soaking in water. I wish to ask whether it may be dried quickly by the fire, or must it be dried spontaneously by suspension, &c.? Again, how long must the paper remain on the sensitive mixture: must it be placed on the sensitive solution, and immediately taken off and blotted, or placed on the sensitive solution, and after some time (what time?) taken off and immediately blotted?

Have any of your readers substituted iodide of ammonium for iodide of potassium, in preparing paper, collodion, &c., and with what success? And have they substituted nitrate of zinc for glacial acetic acid, as recommended in a French work, with any success?

Replies to Minor Queries.

Waterloo (Vol. vii., p. 82.).—P. C. S. S. conceives that it may be interesting to Philobiblion to learn that the greatest man in the world was not ignorant of the passage in Strada regarding Waterloo, to which Philobiblion refers. From a diary kept for some years, it appears that on Saturday, the 30th of October, 1843, P. C. S. S., who was then on a visit at Walmer Castle, had the pleasure of directing the Duke of Wellington's attention to the passage in question, as translated by Du Ryer (Paris, 1665). He well remembers that the Duke seemed to be greatly struck with it; that he more than once referred to it, in subsequent conversations; and that on the following day he requested P. C. S. S. to furnish him with a transcript, which he doubts not might still be found among the Duke's papers.

Your correspondent Philobiblion has been led into a double error by a similarity of name. The pagus Waterloeus mentioned by Strada is the French village of Wattrelo, in the modern Département du Nord, about six miles to the northeast of Lille.

Irish Peerages (Vol. vi., p. 604.).—The book alluded to by D. X. as professing to give pedigrees of ennobled Irish families, may be the contemptible Letters to George IV., by Captain Rock, a miserable attempt at a continuation of Moore's Memoirs of that mystic personage. Some half of the former book contains libellous notices of the "low origin" of the Irish nobility. Can your correspondent refer me to the play in which there is some sneer that "the housemaid is cousin to an Irish peer?"

Martha Blount (Vol. vii., p. 38.).—An engraving of this lady, from "an original picture, in the collection of Michael Blount, Esq., at Maple-Darham," is prefixed to the tenth volume of Pope's Works by Bowles, 1806.

In reply to Mr. A. F. Westmacott (Vol. vii., p. 38.), I have, in my collection of engraved portraits, one of the subject of his inquiry, "Martha Blount." It is in stipple, by Picart, after a picture by Gardner. I have no idea the portrait is rare, and think your correspondent may easily procure it among the printsellers in London.

Quotations wanted (Vol. vii., p. 40.).—Bacon, in his Essay "Of Studies," has this sentence:

"A world without a sun," is from Campbell's Pleasures of Hope, Part II. line 24.:

"And say, without our hopes, without our fears,

Without the home that plighted love endears,

Without the smile from partial beauty won,

Oh! what were man?—a world without a sun."

"What is life, when wanting love?

Night without a morning:

Love's the cloudless summer sun,

Nature gay adorning."

"Thine am I, my faithful fair."

Pepys's Morena (Vol. vi., pp. 342. 373.).—In the note on this word in the last edition of the Diary, it is stated that it may be read either "Morma" or "Morena." There is little doubt but the latter is the correct reading. "Morena" is good Portuguese for a brunette, and may have been used by Pepys as a term of endearment for Miss Dickens, like the "Colleen dhas dhun" of the Irish, which has much the same meaning. The marriage of the king to Catherine of Braganza in the previous year would have caused her language to be more studied at this time, especially by persons about the court. Morma has no meaning whatever.

Goldsmiths' Year-marks (Vol. vi., p. 604.; Vol. vii., p. 90.).—I observe that, a few weeks ago, in the "N. & Q.," one of your correspondents made inquiries respecting the publication of my paper on plate-marks, which was read at the Bristol meeting of the Archæological Institute.

In reply, I beg to inform him that he will find, in the last two Numbers of the Journal of the Institute, the first and second parts of the paper, and that the concluding portion of it, and I hope also the table of annual letters, will appear in the forthcoming Number. Should it not be possible to get the table in a fit state for printing in that Number, it will appear in the next; and the whole subject of the assay marks of British plate will then be complete.

Turner's View of Lambeth Palace (Vol. vii., pp. 15. 89.).—In reply to your correspondent L. E. X., respecting Mr. Turner's picture of Lambeth Palace (which is in water-colours), I beg leave to say that it is in the possession of a lady residing in Bristol, to whose father it was given by the artist after its exhibition at Somerset House, and it has never been in any other hands. The same lady has also a small portrait of Mr. Turner, done by himself when visiting her family about the year 1791 or 1792: further particulars respecting these pictures (if desired) may be known by a line addressed to Miss N——, 8. St. James' Square, Bristol.

J. H. A., after referring to the exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1791, by Mr. Turner, of "King John's Palace, Eltham" (No. 494.), and "Sweakley, near Uxbridge" (No. 560.), adds:

A reference to the catalogues of the Royal Academy exhibitions will prove that Mr. Turner's name appears as an exhibitor there every year between 1790 and 1850, excepting the years 1821, 1824, and 1848. Several views of Fonthill Abbey, and "The Fifth (not the Tenth) Plague of Egypt," were exhibited in 1800, and "The Tenth Plague of Egypt" in 1802.

"For God will be your King to-day" (Vol. vii., p. 67.).—In reply to your querist H. A. S. with respect to the above line, I believe that it belongs not to Somersetshire, but to Ireland; not to Monmouth's rebellion, but to the civil wars of 1690.

It is the closing couplet of a stanza in the popular ballad on the "Battle of the Boyne."

A very perfect copy of this ballad will be found in Wilde's Beauties of the Boyne, p. 271., beginning with—

"July the first, of a morning clear,

One thousand six hundred and ninety,

King William did his men prepare—

Of thousands he had thirty,—

To fight King James and all his host,

Encamp'd near the Boyne water," &c.

"When that King William he observed,

The brave Duke Schomberg falling,

He rein'd his horse with a heavy heart,

On the Enniskilleners calling.

"'What will you do for me, brave boys?

See yonder men retreating;

Our enemies encouraged are,

And English drums are beating.'

"He says, 'My boys feel no dismay,

At the losing of one commander,

For God shall be our King this day,

And I'll be general under.'"

The lines here referred to occur in the old ballad of Boyne Water, some fragments of which are given in Duffy's Ballad Poetry of Ireland, 5th edition, p. 248. They are supposed to have been spoken by William III. on the death of the Duke Schomberg.

"Both horse and foot they marched on, intending them to batter,

But the brave Duke Schomberg he was shot, as he crossed over the water.

When that King William he observed the brave Duke Schomberg falling,

He rein'd his horse, with a heavy heart, on the Enniskilleners calling:

'What will you do for me, brave boys? See yonder men retreating;

Our enemies encouraged are, and English drums are beating.'

He says, 'My boys, feel no dismay at the losing of one commander,

For God shall be our King this day, and I'll be general under.'"

The lines quoted by your correspondent also occur in the more modern song of The Battle of the Boyne, which may be found at p. 144 of Mr. Duffy's work.

Jennings Family (Vol. vii., p. 95.).—I am much obliged to Percuriosus for his reply to my Query. The William Jennings, who was Sheriff of Cornwall in 1678, an admiral, and knighted by King James II. (see Le Neve's Knights, Harleian MS. 5801.), was most probably descended from the Yorkshire family of that name, his escutcheon being the same. The Francis who married Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Spoure of Trebartha, was descended from the Shropshire family, whose arms were—Ermine, a lion rampant, gules quartered with those of Jay, as recorded in the Visitation by Henry, the son of Francis. This Francis died about 1610-11. His will (the executor being Henry Spoure) was proved at Doctors' Commons in 1611. But what I particularly wanted to ascertain was, whether Rowland, who is the first that occurs in the Cornish Visitation, was the first who settled in Cornwall. I have inquired at the Heralds' College, but can gain no further information than that to be found in the Visitations of Salop and Cornwall in the British Museum. Percuriosus would gratify my curiosity, if he would kindly inform me where the Spoure MSS. are to be seen. They are not to be found in the British Museum. I have always thought that they were in the hands of some member of the Rodd family, whose ancestor (a Life Guardsman) was about to be married to the heiress of all the Spoures, but she, dying before the marriage, left him all her estates, Trebartha among the rest which is in the possession of the family to this day.

P. S.—I inclose my card, in order that Percuriosus (who evidently knows something of the family) may communicate personally or by letter. I think that I might possibly be able to give him some information in return for his kindness.

The Furze or Gorse in Scandinavia (Vol. vi., pp. 127. 377.).—Henfrey, in his Vegetation of Europe, states that the furze (Ulex Europæus) occurs, but not abundantly, in the south-western parts of the Scandinavian peninsula. It is well known that in Central Germany it is a greenhouse plant.

Mistletoe (Vol. ii., p. 418.; Vol. iii., pp. 192. 226. 396. 462.).—There is in the parish of Staveley, Derbyshire, a solitary mansion called the Hagg, erected by Sir Peter Frescheville, in what was at that time a park of considerable extent, for a hunting lodge, when age and infirmity prevented him from otherwise enjoying the pleasures of the chase. In one of Colepeper's MSS. at the British Museum, there is the following curious notice of this house:

I presume it is the same which is referred to in the following letter addressed by the Countess of Danby to Mrs. Colepeper; it is without date, but was written between 1663 and 1682:

The oak tree still exists, and in 1803 it contained mistletoe, but there is none to be seen now. About a quarter of a mile from this locality I observed the mistletoe in a large crab-tree, and I recently found it in a venerable yew of many centuries' growth near Sheffield.

Inscription on a Dagger (Vol. vii., p. 40.).—These lines form a Dutch proverb, and, if thus written, rhyme:

"Die een peninck wint ende behovt

Die macht verteren als hi wort owt.

Had ick dat bedocht in min ionge dagen

Dorst ick het in min ovtheit niel beklagen."

Which being interpreted inform us that, He who gains a penny, and saves it, may live on it when he becomes old. Had I minded this in my youthful days, I should not have to complain in my old age.

Steevens (Vol. ii., p. 476.; Vol. iii., p. 230.; Vol. vi., pp. 412. 531.).—Steevens's will contains no mention of any portrait of himself, nor any other except his picture of "Mr. Garrick and Mrs. Cibber, in the characters of Jaffier and Belvidera, painted by Zottanij," which he bequeaths to George Keate, Esq. He gives to Miss Charlotte Collins of Graffham, near Midhurst, daughter of the late Christopher and Margaret Collins of Midhurst, 500l. To his cousin Mary Collinson (late Mary Steevens), wife of William Collinson of Narrow Street, Ratcliffe Cross, Middlesex, 300l. for a ring (so in my copy). The residue of his property he gives to his dearest cousin Elizabeth Steevens of Poplar, spinster, and appoints her sole executrix of his will. A copy of the will can be met with in the ninth volume of the Monthly Mirror for 1800.

"Life is like a Game of Tables," &c. (Vol. vii., p. 40.).—The sentiment is very possibly "from Jeremy Taylor," but it is not his own. It occurs in Terence's Adelphi and Plato's Commonwealth.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The issue by the Shakspeare Society of an edition of the Notes and Emendations to the Text of Shakspeare's Plays from early MS. Corrections in a Copy of the Folio 1632, in the Possession of J. Payne Collier, Esq., affords an opportunity, of which we gladly avail ourselves, to recall attention to a volume which is unquestionably the most important contribution to Shakspearian literature which has issued from the press for many years. Although we have no evidence of the authority upon which these Notes and Emendations were made, an examination of them must, we think, convince even the most sceptical, that they were made upon authority, and are not the result of clever criticism and happy conjecture. The readers of "N. & Q." know well what discussions have been raised upon such phrases as "Prenzie Angelo," "Whose mother was her painting," "Ribaudred nag," "Most busy, least when I do it," &c. The writer of the Notes and Emendations, now first published, has given in these, and hundreds of other difficult and disputed passages, corrections which are consistent with Shakspeare's character as the poet of common sense. He converts the "prenzie Angelo" into the "priestly," and the "prenzie guards" into "priestly garb." So that the passage now reads—

"Claud. The priestly Angelo.

Isab. O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell,

The damned'st body to invest and cover

In priestly garb."

In the passages to which we have referred above, "whose mother was her painting," is changed into "who smothers her with painting;" "ribraudred nag" into "ribald hag;" and the passage from The Tempest is made plain—

"Most busy blest when I do it."

We think these examples are sufficient to make all lovers of Shakspeare anxious not only to examine the present volume, but to see the promised new edition of his works, in which Mr. Collier proposes to give the text as corrected by this great, although unknown authority.

The meeting for the establishment of the Photographic Society, held on Thursday week at the Society of Arts, was most numerously attended. The Society was formed, Sir Charles Eastlake elected president for the first year, Mr. Fenton honorary secretary, and Mr. Roslyn treasurer. The subscription was fixed at one guinea, with an admission fee of the same amount.

At a recent meeting of the Surtees Society, it was announced that the works in progress for this year are the Pontifical of Egbert, Archbishop of York (to be edited by the Rev. W. Greenwell), and a volume of Wills and Inventories from the Registry at Richmond, by Mr. Raine, Jun. The books for 1854 are to be the Northumbro-Saxon translation of The Gospel of St. Matthew, to be edited by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, and the Inventories and Account Rolls of the Monasteries of Monkwearmouth and Jarrow until the Dissolution, which will appear under the editorship of the Rev. James Raine.

The Corporation of London Library is being thrown open to all literary men; the tickets of admission being accompanied by letters expressive of a wish that the holders should make frequent use of them. This is an act of becoming liberality, worthy of imitation in other quarters.

Books Received.—History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles, 1713-1783, by Lord Mahon, vol. i. This is the first volume of a new and revised edition of this history of a most important period in our national annals, by the noble President of the Society of Antiquaries.—The Ethnology of the British Islands, by R. G. Latham, M.D. The value of all Dr. Latham's researches, whether into the history of our language, or of the races by which these islands have been successively inhabited, is so fully recognised, that we may content ourselves by merely calling attention to the publication of this able little volume.—On the Lessons in Proverbs: Five Lectures, &c., by the Rev. R. C. Trench. Those who know the value of Mr. Trench's admirable lectures On the Study of Words, will find in this companion volume, in which he attempts to sound the depths and measure the real significance of National Proverbs, a book which will give them a pleasant hour's reading, and subjects for many pleasant hours' meditation.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

Costerus (François) Cinquante Meditations de toute l'Histoire de la Passion de Nostre Seigneur. 8vo. Anvers, Christ. Plantin.; or any of the works of Costerus in any language.

What the Chartists are. A Letter to English Working Men, by a Fellow-Labourer. 12mo. London, 1848.

Rapin's History of England, 8vo. Vols. I., III. and V. of the Continuation by Tindal. 1744.

^*_*^* Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send their names.

^*_*^* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

Dick the Treble will find the Gloucestershire Ballad George Ridler's Oven in our 4th Volume, p. 311.

Hogmanay. Our Correspondent J. Bd., who inquires the etymology of this word, is referred to Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary and Brand's Popular Antiquities (ed. Bohn. 1849), vol. i. p. 460., for the very numerous and contradictory derivations which the learned have given of it.

W. W. (Stilton.) The stone of which our Correspondent has forwarded an impression appears to be one of those gems called Abraxas, used by the Gnostic and Basilidian heretics. On it is a double serpent, and the seven vowels of the Greek alphabet, Α Ε Η Ι Ο Υ Ω, which constantly appear on their engraved stones, and to which they referred certain mystical ideas. These were worn as amulets: sometimes used as love charms; and our Correspondent will find some curious facts about them in an old Greek papyrus just published by Mr. Godwin, in the Proceedings or Transactions of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society.

C. E. F. is informed that Mr. Eaton's proportion of ten grains of salt to the pint is quite correct; and he will find it produce a most agreeable tint.

G. S. "The Cataract of Lodore" will be found in Longman's one-volume edition (1850) of Southey's Poetical Works, p. 164.

Rubi. We have several communications for this Correspondent. How may they be forwarded?

Rosa, who asks about Men of Kent and Kentish Men, is referred to our 5th Vol., p. 322.

I. N. (Leicester.) There must be something wrong in the preparation of your chemicals. Consult the directions given in our Nos. 151, 152. We have seen some glass negatives of landscapes taken by Dr. Diamond during the past week, which have all the intensity which can be desired. The time of exposure in these cases has varied from fifteen to sixty seconds, the lens used being a single meniscus.

Amber Varnish. Our Correspondent Littlelens will find the directions for making this in No. 153. p. 320. It will be reprinted in the Photographic Notes announced in our advertising columns.

Dr. Diamond's Papers on Photography. It is as well to remind writers on Photography that, Dr. Diamond being about to republish his Photographic Notes, the reprinting of them by any other parties would be uncourteous—not to say piratical.

Sir W. Newton's Calotype Process in our next. His first communication was in type before the amended copy reached us.

Errata.—P. 90. col. 1. for "immiscuerunt" read "immiscuerint." P. 86. col. 1. for "honour" read "humour"." P. 84. col. 1. lines 46. and 48., for "Trajecteasem" read "Trajectensem."

We again repeat that we cannot undertake to recommend any particular houses for the purchase of photographic instruments, chemicals, &c. We can only refer our Correspondents on such subjects to our advertising columns.

Our Sixth Volume, strongly bound in cloth, with very copious Index, is now ready, price 10s. 6d. Arrangements are making for the publication of complete sets of "Notes and Queries," price Three Guineas for the Six Volumes.

"Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive copies in that night's parcel, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

DEMOCRITUS IN LONDON; with the Mad Pranks and Comical Conceits of Motley and Robin Goodfellow: to which are added Notes Festivous, &c. By GEORGE DANIEL, Author of "Merrie England in the Olden Time," "The Modern Dunciad," &c.

"An exquisite metrical conceit, sparkling with wit and humour, in the true spirit of Aristophanes, in which Democritus guides his brilliant and merry muse through every fantastic measure, evincing grace in the most grotesque attitudes. As a relief to his cutting sarcasm and fun, the laughing philosopher has introduced some fine descriptive scenes, and passages of deep pathos, eloquence, and beauty. Not the least remarkable feature in this very remarkable book are the recondite and curious notes, at once so critical and philosophical, so varied and so amusing, so full of interesting anecdote and racy reminiscences.—See Athenæum, Critic, &c.

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Are respectfully informed that the THIRD and FOURTH VOLUMES of the New and Enlarged Edition, printed uniformly with Pepys's celebrated "Diary," are now ready for delivery; and they are requested to order the completion of their sets without delay, to prevent disappointment, as the Volumes will only be sold separately for a limited period.

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THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH: illustrated with Brief Accounts of the Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are most frequently met with in England; also the Early Christian and Mediæval Symbols, and an Index of Emblems.

"It is perhaps hardly necessary to observe, that this work is of an Archæological, and not a Theological character. The Editor has not considered it his business to examine into the truth or falsehood of the legends of which he narrates the substance; he gives them merely as legends, and, in general, so much of them only as is necessary to explain why particular emblems were used with a particular Saint, or why Churches in a given locality are named after this or that Saint."—Preface.

"The latter part of the book, on the early Christian and mediæval symbols, and on ecclesiastical emblems, is of great historical and architectural value. A copious Index of emblems is added, as well as a general Index to the volume with its numerous illustrations. The work is an important contribution to English Archæology, especially in the department of ecclesiastical iconography."—Literary Gazette.

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Among the many purposes to which the art of Lithography is most successfully applied, may be specified.—ARCHÆOLOGICAL DRAWINGS, Architecture, Landscapes, Marine Views, Portraits from Life or Copies. Illuminated MSS., Monumental Brasses, Decorations, Stained Glass Windows, Maps, Plans, Diagrams, and every variety of illustrations requisite for Scientific and Artistic Publications.

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TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.—Pure Chemicals, with every requisite for the practice of Photography, according to the instructions of Hunt, Le Gray, Brébisson, &c. &c., may be obtained of WILLIAM BOLTON, Manufacturer of pure chemicals for Photographic and other purposes.

ROSS'S PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT AND LANDSCAPE LENSES.—These lenses give correct definition at the centre and margin of the picture, and have their visual and chemical acting foci coincident.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who published the application of this agent (see Athenæum, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months; it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.

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MR. R. W. THOMAS begs most earnestly to caution photographers against purchasing impure chemicals, which are now too frequently sold at very low prices. It is to this cause nearly always that their labours are unattended with success.

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BIBLES FOR MANUSCRIPT ANNOTATIONS, with either broad margins for the Notes, or alternate blank pages, ruled and Indexed in great variety. Catalogues by Post free.

ANCIENT ENGLISH BIBLES and TESTAMENTS, by the Reformers. The Genevan Version, Tyndale's, Coverdale's, &c. &c. Catalogues by Post free.

HEBREW, GREEK, LATIN, FRENCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, SPANISH, PORTUGUESE, and SYRIAC BIBLES and TESTAMENTS, alone or combined, in every variety of interpaging, and bound in "Bagster's Flexible Turkey" binding. The Greek Testaments with and without English Lexicons, &c., constitute an important feature of this class. PSALTERS also in very great variety. Catalogues by Post free.

AIDS TO THE STUDY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTURES, Critical, Philological, and Devotional; Lexicons, Grammars, Analyses, &c. &c. Catalogues by Post free.

Πολλαι μεν θνητοις Γλοτται μια δ' Αθανατωσιν.

Contents:—1. Bardism. 2. The Kings of Wales. 3. The Welsh Church. 4. Monastic Institutions. 5. Giraldus Cambrensis.

HISTORY OF EUROPE, FROM THE FALL OF NAPOLEON IN 1815 TO THE ACCESSION OF LOUIS NAPOLEON IN 1852.

To be completed in 5 vols. 8vo., uniform with the Library Edition of the "History of Europe from 1789 to 1815."

THE HISTORY OF EUROPE, from the Commencement of the French Revolution in 1789 to the Battle Of Waterloo.

THE LIFE OF JOHN DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH, with some Account of his Contemporaries, and of the War of the Succession. Second Edition. 2 vols. demy 8vo., Portraits and Maps, 1l. 10s.

EPITOME OF ALISON'S EUROPE, for the Use of Schools and Young Persons. 4th Edition, bound, 7s. 6d.

ATLAS TO ALISON'S EUROPE: 109 Plates. Constructed under the direction of SIR A. ALISON, by A. KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., &c., Author of the "Physical Atlas," &c. Demy 4to., 3l. 3s.; Crown 4to., 2l. 12s. 6d.

[This edition contains 100 pages of additional matter, and the price has been reduced from 18s. to 15s.]

AN ELEMENTARY COURSE OF MATHEMATICS, designed principally for Students of the University of Cambridge. By the REV. HARVEY GOODWIN, M.A., late Fellow and Mathematical Lecturer of Gonville and Caius College. Fourth Edition.

"As Tennis is a game of no use in itself, but of great use in respect it maketh a quick eye, and a body ready to put itself into all postures; so in the Mathematics, that use which is collateral and intervenient is no less worthy than that which is principal and intended."—Bacon, Advancement of Learning.

PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES: Comprising Plain Directions for the Practice of Photography, including the Collodion Process on Glass; the Paper and Wax-Paper Processes; Printing from Glass and Paper Negatives, &c.

Dublin: ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, and HODGES & SMITH, 104. Grafton Street.
London: T. & W. BOONE, 29. New Bond Street.

APOSTOLIC MISSIONS: Five Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge in May, 1852, by the REV. W. B. HOPKINS, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of St. Catharine's Hall, and formerly Fellow and Mathematical Lecturer of Gonville and Caius College.

THE CONFIRMATION OF FAITH BY REASON AND AUTHORITY. The Hulsean Lectures, preached before the University of Cambridge in 1852. By the REV. GEORGE CURREY, B.D., Preacher at the Charterhouse, formerly Fellow and Tutor of St. John's College.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,

HOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary Introduction by an Antiquary. Square post 8vo. with 54 Engravings, being the most accurate copies ever executed of these gems of Art, and a Frontispiece of an Ancient Bedstead at Aix-la-Chapelle, with a Dance of Death carved on it, engraved by Fairholt, cloth, 9s.

LOWER'S (M. A.) ESSAYS ON ENGLISH SURNAMES. 2 vols. post 8vo. Third Edition, greatly enlarged. Cloth, 12s.

BIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA LITERARIA; or Biography of Literary Characters of Great Britain and Ireland, arranged in Chronological Order. By THOMAS WRIGHT, M.A., F.S.A., Member of the Institute of France. 2 thick vols. 8vo. Cloth. Vol. I. Anglo-Saxon Period. Vol. II. Anglo-Norman Period. 6s. each, published at 12s. each.

COINS. An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins. By J.Y. AKERMAN. Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from the original coins, 6s. 6d.

COINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and illustrated. By J.Y. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly enlarged with plates and woodcuts, 10s. 6d. cloth.

GUIDE TO ARCHÆOLOGY. An Archæological Index to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, fellow and secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. illustrated with numerous engravings, comprising upwards of 500 objects, cloth, 15s.

WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ESSAYS ON THE LITERATURE, POPULAR SUPERSTITIONS, AND HISTORY OF ENGLAND in the MIDDLE AGES. 2 vols. post 8vo. cloth, 16s.

WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ST. PATRICK'S PURGATORY: an Essay on the Legends of Purgatory, Hell, and Paradise, current during the Middle Ages. Post 8vo. cloth, 6s.

THE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral tradition. Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with 38 Designs by W. B. Scott. 4s. 6d. cloth.

POPULAR RHYMES AND NURSERY TALES, with Historical Elucidations; a Sequel to "The Nursery Rhymes of England." Edited by J.O. HALLIWELL. Royal 18mo. 4s. 6d.

LOWER'S CURIOSITIES OF HERALDRY, with Illustrations from Old English Writers. 8vo. Numerous Engravings. Cloth, 14s.

HERALDS' VISITATIONS. An Index to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the Heraldic Visitations and other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum. By G. SIMS, of the Manuscript Department. 8vo. closely printed in double columns, cloth, 15s.

^*_*^* An indispensable book to those engaged in genealogical or topographical pursuits, affording a ready clue to the pedigrees and arms of above 30,000 of the gentry of England, their residences, &c. (distinguishing the different families of the same name, in every county), as recorded by the Heralds in their Visitations, with Indexes to other genealogical MSS. in the British Museum. It has been the work of immense labour. No public library ought to be without it.

CONSUETUDINES KANCIÆ. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable Customs in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A. (Cantianus), illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume, 8vo. cloth, 15s.

BRUCE'S (REV. J.C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ROMAN WALL FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and 194 woodcuts, half morocco, 1l. 1s.

BOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 8vo. closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12s.

ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from Anglo-Saxon Literature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay, and Notes, critical and explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the University of Giessen, 2 thick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12s. (original price 18s.)

A DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the Language. By the Rev. W. BARNES of St. John's College, Cambridge, author of the Poems and Glossary in the Dorset Dialect. 12mo. cloth, 2s. 6d.

FACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS. By W.A. CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving," in one handsome vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and coloured, cloth 1l. 1s.

BIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA; a Bibliographical account of the Music and Poetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets, Ayres, Canzonets, &c. By DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5s.

A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs from the reign of Edward I. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. containing upwards of 1,000 pages closely printed in double columns, cloth 1l. 1s.

It contains about 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the reading of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians, and other authors, whose works abound with allusions, of which explanations are not to be found in ordinary Dictionaries and books of reference. Most of the principal Archaisms are illustrated by examples selected from early inedited MSS. and rare books, and by far the greater portion will be found to be original authorities.

A LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick Books, MS. and Printed. By E.F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo. pp. 240, half-bound in morocco, 6s.

—— Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old,

Now cheaply bought for thrice their weight in gold.

GUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose, for the Use of Learners. By E.J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth, 5s. 6d.

^*_*^* This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or to those well versed in other languages.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet street aforesaid.—Saturday, January 29. 1853.

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Notes:—	Page
Robertson's "Index of Charters"	101
Cowper or Cooper, by George Daniel	102
Yankee, its Origin and Meaning, by Dr. William Bell	103
Shakspeare's Bedside, or the Doctors enumerated: a new Ballad, by James Cornish	104
Folk Lore:—Cures for the Hooping Cough: Rubus fruticosus, Gryphea incurva, Donkey	104
Minor Notes:—Epitaphs—Nostradamus on the Gold-diggings—Whimsical Bequest—The Orkneys in Pawn—Lord Duff's Toast	105
Queries:—
The Meteoric Stone of the Thracian Chersonesus, by W. S. Gibson	105
Banbury Cakes and Zeal	106
Minor Queries:—Richardson or Murphy—Legend attached to Creeper in the Samoan Isles—Shearman Family—American Fisheries—Grindle—A Gentleman executed for whipping a Slave to Death—Brydone—"Clear the Decks for Bognie's Carriage"—London Queries—Scarf worn by Clergyman—Life of Queen Anne—Erasmus Smith—Croxton or Crostin of Lancashire—Grub Street Journal—Chaplain to the Princess Elizabeth—"The Snow-flake"	107
Minor Queries with Answers:—Leamhuil or Lahoel—Orte's Maps, Edition of 1570—Prayer for the Recovery of George III.	108
Replies:—
Mrs. Mackey's Poems	109
Map of Ceylon, by Sir J. Emerson Tennent	110
"Am, have, and will be:" Henry VIII., Act III. Sc. 2.	111
Sir Henry Wotton's Letter to Milton	111
Skull-caps versus Skull-cups, by Thomas Lawrence	112
Inedited Poem by Pope	113
Cibber's "Lives of the Poets," by W. L. Nichols	113
English Comedians in the Netherlands	114
La Bruyère, by J. Sansom	114
Southey's Criticism upon St. Mathias' Day in Leap-year	115
Photographic Notes and Queries:—Portable Camera for Travellers—The Albumen Process—Black Tints of French Photographers—Originator of the Collodion Process—Developing Paper Pictures with Pyrogallic Acid	116
Replies to Minor Queries:—Waterloo—Irish Peerages—Martha Blount—Quotations wanted—Pepys's Morena—Goldsmiths' Year-marks—Turner's View of Lambeth Palace—"For God will be your King to-day"—Jennings Family—The Furze or Gorse in Scandinavia—Mistletoe—Inscription on a Dagger—Steevens—"Life is like a Game of Tables," &c.	117
Miscellaneous:—
Notes on Books, &c.	120
Books and Odd Volumes wanted	120
Notices to Correspondents	121
Advertisements	121

"LORD DUFF'S TOAST A.D. '45.
A. B. C.	A Blessed Change.
D. E. F.	Down Every Foreigner.
G. H. J.	God Help James.
K. L. M.	Keep Lord Marr.
N. O. P.	Noble Ormond Preserve.
Q. R. S.	Quickly Restore Stewart.
T. U. V. W.	Truss Up Vile Whigs.
X. Y. Z.	'Xert Your Zeal."

Art.	Part III.—SCIENCE. Price 7s. 6d.
VII.	Description of a new Anemometer, &c.; by REV. T.R. ROBINSON, D.D., &c.
VIII.	On the Equilibrium and Motion of an Elastic Solid; by the REV. J.H. JELLETT, M.A., &c.
IX.	Account of Experiments made with a Friction Sledge for stopping Railway Trains; by the REV. SAMUEL HAUGHTON, M.A., &c.
X.	On certain Improvements in the construction of Galvanometers, &c.; by MICHAEL DONOVAN, ESQ., &c.
XI.	On the Original and Actual Fluidity of the Earth and Planets; by the REV. SAMUEL HAUGHTON, M.A., &c.
XII.	On the Homology of the Organs of the Tunicata and the Polyzoa; by GEO. JAMES ALLMAN, M.D., &c.
Part IV.—POLITE LITERATURE, Price 10s.
III.	On Two Medallion Busts which are preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, and on Two Inedited Patmian Inscriptions; by REV. JAMES KENNEDY BAILLIE, D.D., &c.
IV.	On the Assyrio-Babylonian Phonetic Characters; by REV. EDWARD HINCKS, D.D., &c.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Number 170, January 29, 1853

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle.

CONTENTS.

Notes.

ROBERTSON'S "INDEX OF CHARTERS."