The Project Gutenberg eBook of Report on the Radiolaria Collected by H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-1876, Plates This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Report on the Radiolaria Collected by H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873-1876, Plates Author: Ernst Haeckel Release date: December 28, 2013 [eBook #44527] Language: English Credits: E-text prepared by Charlene Taylor, Adrian Mastronardi, Keith Edkins, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE RADIOLARIA COLLECTED BY H.M.S. CHALLENGER DURING THE YEARS 1873-1876, PLATES *** E-text prepared by Charlene Taylor, Adrian Mastronardi, Keith Edkins, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 44527-h.htm or 44527-h.zip: (https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/44527/pg44527-images.html) or (https://www.gutenberg.org/files/44527/44527-h.zip) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive. See https://archive.org/details/reportonradiolar00haecrich Project Gutenberg has the other two parts of this work. First Part: First Part: Porulosa (Spumellaria and Acantharia) see https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44525. Second Part: Subclass Osculosa; Index see https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/44526. Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_Actissa_). A carat character is used to denote superscription: a single character following the carat is superscripted (example: _g_^2). Some typographical errors in the printed work have been corrected. They are listed at the end of the text. REPORT ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER DURING THE YEARS 1873-76 Under the Command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and the Late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N. Prepared Under the Superintendence of the Late Sir C. Wyville Thomson, KNT., F.R.S., &c. Regius Professor of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh Director of the Civilian Scientific Staff on Board and Now of John Murray One of the Naturalists of the Expedition ZOOLOGY--VOL. XVIII. PLATES Published by Order of Her Majesty's Government Printed for Her Majesty's Stationary Office and Sold by London:--Eyre & Spottiswoode, East Harding Street, Fetter Lane Edinburgh:--Adam & Charles Black Dublin:--Hodges, Figgis, & Co. 1887 Price (in Two Parts, with a Volume of Plates) £5, 10s. CONTENTS. REPORT on the RADIOLARIA collected by H.M.S. CHALLENGER during the years 1873-1876. By ERNST HAECKEL, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Zoology in the University of Jena. PLATES. CONTENTS. PLATES 1-50. SPUMELLARIA. " 51-98. NASSELLARIA. " 99-128. PHÆODARIA. " 129-140. ACANTHARIA. MAP, SHOWING THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE RADIOLARIA. PLATE 1. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order COLLOIDEA. Family THALASSICOLLIDA. Fig. 1. _Actissa princeps_, n. sp., × 300 13 The entire living Spumellarium. _c_, The spherical central capsule containing finely granulated protoplasm, which is radially striated in the cortical zone; _v_, spherical vacuoles enclosed by the protoplasm; _n_, the spherical nucleus in the centre; _l_, the concentric nucleolus; _f_, the radial pseudopodia which pierce the calymma or the (yellowish) jelly-envelope of the central capsule and arise from the granular sarcomatrix. Fig. 1_a_. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, in which the original central nucleus is cleft into numerous small nuclei, × 400 Fig. 1_b_. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, filled up by flagellate spores, × 400 Fig. 1_c_. Eight isolated flagellate spores, × 800 Fig. 2. _Thalassolampe maxima_, n. sp., × 8 17 The entire living Spumellarium. _c_, The big spherical central capsule; _a_, the large alveoles filling the central capsule and surrounding a central nucleus; _f_, the pseudopodia piercing the extracapsular calymma. Fig. 2_a_. The nucleus alone, with numerous nucleoli, × 30 Fig. 3. _Thalassopila cladococcus_, n. sp., × 20 17 _c_, The big central capsule; _a_, numerous large alveoles contained in the central capsule; _k_, oil globules, many of which are placed in the radially striped cortical zone; the nucleus placed centrally, is covered with numerous radial apophyses or cæcal sacs. _f_, The radially striped calymma. Fig. 4. _Thalassicolla maculata_, n. sp., × 100 21 _c_, The central capsule; _v_, vacuoles filling this capsule; _n_, the central nucleus; _l_, the concentric nucleolus; _g_, the voluminous calymma, a small radial piece of which is only represented; _a_, the large alveoles; _b_, peculiar exoplasmatic bodies; _p_, black pigment in the inner zone; _f_, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone. Fig. 4_a_. An exoplasmatic body, × 300 Fig. 4_b_, Vacuoles in the endoplasm, × 300 Fig. 5. _Thalassicolla melacapsa_, n. sp., × 300 21 _n_, The large nucleus; _l_, numerous small nucleoli inside the nucleus; _v_, the vacuoles filling up the central capsule and separated by black pigment; _a_, large alveoles in the calymma; _k_, oil globules; _b_, exoplasmatic bodies; _f_, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone of the calymma. Fig. 5_a_. An endoplasmatic vacuole, resembling a cell, × 600 Fig. 5_b_. A piece of the central capsule, × 600 [Illustration: 1. ACTISSA. 2. THALASSOLAMPE. 3. THALASSOPILA. 4. 5. THALASSOCOLLA.] PLATE 2. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order BELOIDEA. Family THALASSOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Lampoxanthium pandora_, n. sp., × 120 38 The central capsule exhibits distinct pore-canals in its membrane, and a clear interval between this and the coagulated and vacuolated protoplasm. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The spicula are scattered throughout the alveolate calymma. Fig. 2. _Thalassoplancta brevispicula_, n. sp. (vel _Lampoxanthium brevispiculum_), × 120 36 The central capsule contains numerous clear vacuoles, and in the cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus includes numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is alveolate. The spicula lie only in the cortical zone. Fig. 3. _Thalassoxanthium cervicorne_, n. sp., × 300 33 The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains a large central nucleus, with a single nucleolus. The spicula surround the thin calymma. Fig. 4. _Thalassoxanthium cervicorne_, n. sp., × 600 33 A single spiculum. Fig. 5. _Thalassoxanthium medusinum_, n. sp., × 120 32 The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains on its cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is radially striped, contains numerous small xanthellæ, and is surrounded by the spicula. Fig. 6. _Thalassoxanthium octoceras_, n. sp., × 400 34 Three isolated spicula. [Illustration: LAMPOXANTHIUM.] PLATE 3. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order COLLOIDEA. Family COLLOZOIDA. Fig. 1. _Collozoum serpentinum_, n sp (vel _Collophidium serpentinum_, Hkl), × 10 26 A living coenobium, with expanded pseudopodia. The spherical calymma (or the common jelly-mass of the colony) is alveolate and contains numerous cylindrical, serpentine, central capsules. Numerous yellow cells or xanthellæ are scattered between the radial pseudopodia in the periphery. Fig. 2. _Collozoum serpentinum_, n. sp., × 50 26 An isolated, cylindrical, worm-shaped, central capsule, with an axial series of oil-globules; the red points are nuclei. Fig. 3. _Collozoum serpentinum_, n. sp., × 150 26 An isolated, cylindrical, serpentine, central capsule. _k_, Oil-globules forming an axial series; _n_, densely placed, red-coloured nuclei;, _c_, the capsule membrane under which are scattered small black pigment spots in the colourless cortical zone of the endoplasm; _a_, extracapsular alveoles; _x_, xanthellæ or "yellow cells." Fig. 4. _Collozoum amoeboides_, n. sp., × 100 28 A spherical coenobium or jelly-colony. Each amoeboid central capsule contains an oil-globule; the small red points are nuclei. Fig. 5. _Collozoum amoeboides_, n. sp., × 400 28 _c_, A single isolated central capsule; _n_, nuclei; _k_, oil-globule. Fig. 6. _Collozoum vermiforme_, n. sp., × 30 27 _g_, A spherical coenobium or jelly-colony; _a_, large alveoles, forming a cortical zone; _c_, central capsules; _k_, oil-globules. Fig. 7. _Collozoum vermiforme_, n. sp., × 100 27 _c_, A single isolated central capsule; _x_, xanthellæ surrounding this central capsule; _k_, oil-globules; _n_, nuclei. Fig. 8. _Collozoum ellipsoides_, n. sp., × 2 26 A spherical colony; the red points are central capsules. Fig. 9. _Collozoum ellipsoides_, n. sp., × 150 26 _c_, A single isolated central capsule; _k_, oil-globules; _n_, nuclei. Fig. 10. _Collozoum inerme_, Hkl., × 2 25 An old, cylindrical, articulated coenobium; the red points are centralcapsules. Fig. 11. _Collozoum inerme_, Hkl., × 2 25 A young cylindrical coenobium; the red points are central capsules. Fig. 12. _Collozoum inerme_, Hkl., × 400 25 A piece of a young colony with eight small central capsules, without oil-globules. _n_, The central nucleus in different stages of division. Two capsules are also dividing. _x_, Xanthellæ in the jelly-like calymma (blue), which also contains numerous vacuoles. [Illustration: COLLOZOUM.] PLATE 4. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Orders BELOIDEA. Families Sphærozoida. Fig. 1. _Sphærozoum trigeminum_, n. sp., × 50 43 An annular colony. The main mass of the jelly-colony is filled up by large alveoles; the entire surface is densely covered with spicula, and beyond this skeleton-cover lie the spherical central capsules, each with an oil-globule. This species is by mistake not mentioned in the text. Fig. 2. _Sphærozoum alveolatum_, n. sp., × 50 43 Section through a spherical colony; displaying the inside of a hemisphere. All the central capsules lie in a single stratum on the surface of the jelly-sphere, each being surrounded by a thick-walled alveole. The spicula lie between the alveole and the capsule, which includes a central oil-globule. Fig. 3. _Sphærozoum alveolatum_, n. sp., × 400 43 A single central capsule, filled up by crystal-spores. Numerous geminato-radiate spicula and spherical xanthellæ lie between the capsule and the including thick-walled alveole. In the jelly-calymma, between the capsule and the alveole, numerous thin ramified pseudopodia are expanded. Fig. 4. _Sphærozoum geminatum_, n. sp., × 400 45 A single central capsule, with a central oil-globule, surrounded by numerous spicula and spherical xanthellæ. The jelly-substance of the calymma is expanded between the points of the spicula. Fig. 5. _Sphærozoum variabile_, n. sp., × 300 45 Three isolated spicula. Fig. 6. _Sphærozoum pandora_, n. sp. (vel _Rhaphidozoum pandora_), × 300 49 A group of various spicula. Fig. 7. _Sphærozoum verticillatum_, n. sp., × 300 44 A single spiculum. Fig. 8. _Sphærozoum arborescens_, n. sp., × 300 44 A single spiculum. Fig. 9. _Sphærozoum armatum_, n. sp., × 300 43 A single spiculum. [Illustration: SPHAEROZOUM.] PLATE 5. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family COLLOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Trypanosphæra transformata_, n. sp., × 150 111 A living colony. The centre of the spherical coenobium contains a large alveole, surrounded by a net of sarcode. The entire calymma is filled up by smaller, thin-walled alveoles. Its inner part contains numerous small, young, central capsules (each with an oil-globule) without shells; in the cortical zone of the calymma lie larger capsules, each of which is enclosed by a fenestrated shell with from two to four or more dentated tubes. Between the radiant pseudopodia very numerous small yellow cells (xanthellæ), which are scattered everywhere. Fig. 2. _Trypanosphæra transformata_, n. sp., × 300 111 A single shell. Fig. 3. _Trypanosphæra coronata_, n. sp., × 300 110 Fig. 4. _Trypanosphæra trepanata_, n. sp., × 300 110 Fig. 5. _Odontosphæra monodon_, n. sp., × 300 102 Fig. 6. _Odontosphæra cyrtodon_, n. sp., × 300 102 Fig. 7. _Acrosphæra inflata_, n. sp., × 300 101 Fig. 8. _Mazosphæra hippotis_, n. sp., × 400 108 Fig. 9. _Mazosphæra lagotis_, n. sp., × 300 108 Fig. 10. _Pharyngosphæra stomodæa_, n. sp., × 400 98 Fig. 11. _Buccinosphæra invaginata_. n. sp., × 500 99 Each shell contains numerous larger and smaller crystals. Fig. 12. _Tribonosphæra centripetalis_, n. sp., × 500 98 Each shell contains numerous large crystals. Fig. 13. _Collosphæra polygona_, n. sp., × 200 96 [Illustration: 1-4. TRYPANOSPHAERA. 5-9. MAZOSPHAERA. 10. 11. BUCCINOSPHAERA. 12. 13. COLLOSPHAERA.] PLATE 6. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family COLLOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. Siphonosphæra socialis, n. sp., × 500 106 A small piece of the surface of a living coenobium, seen from the surface. Only four individuals are visible, the central capsule of which contains numerous small nuclei and a central oil-globule. The including spherical lattice-shell is provided with a few (one to four) larger apertures, which are prolonged into short cylindrical tubules. Through these latter radiate bundles of fine pseudopodia, branching and anastomosing, and forming a fine sarcode network between the alveoles of the calymma. On the surface of the alveolated jelly-sphere the pseudopodia form a dense radiating zone. Xanthella or yellow cells are everywhere scattered. Fig. 2. _Siphonosphæra socialis_, n. sp., × 300 106 A small coenobium or colony in the state of alveolation, forming a jelly-sphere, composed of a great number of capsulated individuals, densely aggregated. Each central capsule contains an oil-globule, and is enclosed by a spherical lattice-shell, which bears a few (one to four) short cylindrical tubules. Each shell is again enveloped by a membranous polyhedral alveole and separated from it by structureless jelly. The thick cortical jelly-envelope, which surrounds the whole spherical colony, exhibits a fine radial striation, produced by radiating pseudopodia; many xanthellæ or yellow cells are scattered in the calymma. Fig. 3. _Siphonosphæra pipetta_, n. sp., × 300 108 Fig. 4. _Siphonosphæra tubulosa_, J. Müller, × 300 105 The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell, has a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a few xanthella. Fig. 5. _Siphonosphæra chonophora_, n. sp., × 300 107 Fig. 6. _Siphonosphæra serpula_, n. sp., × 300 107 Fig. 7. _Siphonosphæra patinaria_, n sp., × 300 105 The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell, contains a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a few xanthella. Fig. 8. _Siphonosphæra patinaria_, n. sp., × 300 105 Fig. 9. _Siphonosphæra conifera_, n. sp., × 300 106 Fig. 10. _Siphonosphæra cyathina_, n. sp., × 300 105 [Illustration: SIPHONOSPHAERA.] PLATE 7. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family COLLOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1 _Caminosphæra dendrophora_, n. sp., × 300 112 Fig. 2. _Caminosphæra dichotoma_, n. sp., × 300 112 Fig. 3. _Coronosphæra diadema_, n. sp., × 300 117 Fig. 4. _Coronosphæra calycina_, n. sp., × 300 117 Fig. 5. _Otosphæra auriculata_, n. sp., × 300 116 Fig. 6. _Otosphæra polymorpha_, n. sp., × 300 116 Fig. 7. _Solenosphæra serpentina_, n. sp., × 300 114 Fig. 8. _Solenosphæra cornucopia_, n. sp., × 300 115 Fig. 9. _Solenosphæra ascensionis_, n. sp., × 300 115 Fig. 10. _Solenosphæra pandora_, n. sp., × 300 113 Fig. 11. _Solenosphæra pandora_, n. sp., × 100 113 An entire spherical coenobium. The shells of the colony bear a variable number of fenestrated radial tubes and are densely crowded in the jelly-sphere of the calymma, the cortical zone of which is radially striped. [Illustration: 1. 2. CAMINOSPHAERA. 3. 4. CORONOSPHAERA. 5. 6. OTOSPHAERA. 7.-11. SOLENOSPHAERA.] PLATE 8. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family COLLOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Acrosphæra echinoides_, n. sp., × 400 100 Fig. 2. _Acrosphæra collina_, n. sp., × 300 101 Fig. 3. _Chænicosphæra nassiterna_, n. sp., × 400 103 Fig. 4. _Chænicosphæra murrayana_, n. sp., × 300 102 Fig. 5. _Chænicosphæra flammabunda_, n. sp., × 300 103 Fig. 6. _Clathrosphæra circumtexta_, n. sp., × 400 118 Fig. 7. _Clathrosphæra arachnoides_, n. sp., × 300 119 Fig. 8. _Clathrosphæra lamellosa_, n. sp., × 300 119 Fig. 9. _Xanthiosphæra erinacea_, n. sp., × 400 120 Fig. 10. _Xanthiosphæra lappacea_, n. sp., × 300 120 Fig. 11. _Xanthiosphæra lappacea_, n. sp., × 100 120 A complete spherical coenobium. The associated central capsules (each with a double shell) are densely crowded in the central part of the calymma, whilst its peripheral part is occupied by a layer of large alveoles. Numerous xanthellæ or yellow cells an scattered in the calymma. [Illustration: 1. 2. ACROSPHAERA. 3.-5. CHOENICOSPHAERA. 6.-8. CLATHROSPHAERA. 9.-11. XANTHIOSPHAERA.] PLATE 9. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order LARCOIDEA. Family PYLONIDA. Fig. 1. _Monozonium alatum_, n. sp., × 300 633 Dorsal view. Fig. 1_a_. Apical view. Fig. 2. _Dizonium pleuracanthum_, n. sp., × 400 636 Fig. 3. _Dizonium stauracanthum_, n. sp., × 300 636 Fig. 4. _Trizonium tricinctum_, n. sp., × 300 637 Dorsal view. Fig. 4_a_. Lateral view. Fig. 4_b_. Apical view. Fig. 5. _Amphipyle tetraceros_, n. sp., × 400 642 Dorsal view. Fig. 6. _Amphipyle callizona_, n. sp., × 300 644 Dorsal view. Fig. 7. _Amphipyle amphiptera_, n. sp., × 300 642 Dorsal view. Fig. 7_a_. Lateral view. Fig. 8. _Tetrapyle circularis_, n. sp., × 300 645 Dorsal view. Fig. 9. _Tetrapyle pleuracantha_, n. sp., × 400 646 Dorsal view. The lentelliptical central capsule is visible between medullary and cortical shell. Fig. 10. _Tetrapyle turrita_, n. sp., × 400 649 Oblique view, half dorsal, half lateral. Fig. 11. _Octopyle stenozona_, n. sp., × 400 652 Dorsal view. Fig. 12. _Octopyle sexangulata_, n. sp., × 300 653 Dorsal view. Fig. 13. _Octopyle decastyle_, n. sp., × 300 654 Dorsal view. Fig. 13_a_. Lateral view. Fig. 14. _Pylonium quadricorne_, n. sp., × 400 655 Dorsal view. Fig. 15. _Tetrapylonium quadrangulare_, n. sp., × 300 658 Dorsal view. Fig. 16. _Pylozonium octacanthum_, n. sp., × 300 660 Dorsal view. [Illustration: 1.-4. TRIZONIUM, 5.-7. AMPHIPYLE. 8.-10. TETRAPYLE, 11.-13. OCTOPYLE, 14.-16. PYLONIUM.] PLATE 10. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order LARCOIDEA. Family THOLONIDA. Fig. 1. _Tholartus tricolus_, n. sp., × 200 664 Fig. 2. _Tholodes cupula_, n. sp., × 500 665 Fig. 3. _Amphitholus artiscus_, n. sp., × 400 666 Fig. 4. _Amphitholus panicium_, n. sp., × 500 668 Fig. 5. _Amphitholus acanthometra_, n. sp., × 300 667 Fig. 6. _Amphitholus acanthometra_, n. sp., × 300 667 Frontal section of the shell. Fig. 7. _Amphitholonium tricolonium_, n. sp., × 300 669 Fig. 8. _Staurotholus tetrastylus_, n. sp., × 300 673 Fig. 9. _Staurotholus dodecastylus_, n. sp., × 400 674 Fig. 10. _Tholoma quadrigeminum_, n. sp., × 200 672 Fig. 11. _Staurotholonium octodoronium_, n. sp., × 300 676 Fig. 12. _Tholocubus tessellatus_, n. sp., × 200 677 Fig. 13. _Tholoma metallasson_, n. sp., × 300 672 Fig. 14. _Cubotholus regularis_, n. sp., × 200 680 Fig. 15. _Cubotholonium ellipsoides_, n. sp., × 300 682 Fig. 16. _Tholocubus tesseralis_, n. sp., × 400 678 Fig. 17. _Tholonium hexonium_, × 400 679 [Illustration: 1. 2. THOLARTUS, 3.-7. AMPHITHOLUS, 8.-10. STAUROTHOLUS, 11.-13. THOLOMA, 14. 15. CUBOTHOLUS, 16. 17. THOLONIUM.] PLATE 11. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family ASTROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Lychnosphæra regina_, n. sp., × 200 277 The entire shell and the central capsule. Numerous club-shaped radial apophyses or coecal sacs arise from the pink central capsule and are protruded through the pores of the medullary shell, which is completely hidden by them. The sarcomatrix in the calymma, surrounding the central capsule, exhibits a fine radial striation. Numerous retracted pseudopodia, bearing red granules, arise from the sarcomatrix and pierce the calymma radially. The interval between the two concentric shells is filled up by the hyaline calymma. Fig. 2. _Lychnosphæra regina_, n. sp., × 400 277 A part of the cortical shell, with a radial spine. Fig. 3. _Lychnosphæra regina_, n. sp., × 400 277 The medullary shell and the basal parts of the radial spines arising from it. Fig. 4. _Lychnosphæra regina_, n. sp., × 400 277 Distal end of a radial spine. Fig. 5. _Rhizoplegma lychnosphæra_, n. sp., × 200 276 The central capsule and the enclosed parts of the skeleton. The protoplasm is radially striped. The central nucleus (red) sends out numerous radial apophyses, which are protruded through the pores of the medullary shell. [Illustration: LYCHNOSPHAERA.] PLATE 12. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Orders PHÆOSPHÆRIA ET SPHÆROIDEA. Families OROSPHÆRIDA, ASTROSPHÆRIDA et LIOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Orosphæra huxleyii_, n. sp. (vel _Oroscena huxleyii_), × 50 1599 Fig. 1_a_. A piece of the network, the bars of which contain partly an axial canal, × 200 1599 Fig. 2. _Conosphæra orthoconus_, n. sp., × 200 221 Fig. 3. _Conosphæra platyconus_, n. sp., × 300 221 Fig. 4. _Conosphæra plagioconus_, n. sp., × 300 222 Fig. 5. _Ethmosphæra conosiphonia_, n. sp., × 400 69 Fig. 5_a_. Vertical section through the wall. Fig. 6. _Ethmosphæra polysiphonia_, n. sp., × 400 70 Fig. 7. _Cenosphæra compacta_, n. sp., × 300 65 Fig. 8. _Cenosphæra elysia_, n. sp., × 300 64 Fig. 8_a_. Vertical section through the wall. Fig. 9. _Cenosphæra mellifica_, n. sp., × 300 62 Fig. 10. _Cenosphæra favosa_, n. sp., × 300 62 Fig. 10_a_. Vertical section through the wall. Fig. 11. _Cenosphæra vesparia_, n. sp., × 300 62 Fig. 11_a_. Vertical section through the wall. [Illustration: 1. OROSPHAERA, 2.-4. CONOSPHAERA, 5. 6. ETHMOSPHAERA, 7.-11. CERIOSPHAERA.] PLATE 13. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA. Families STYLOSPHÆRIDA et ELLIPSIDA. Fig. 1. _Ellipsostylus aquila_, n. sp., × 300 300 Fig. 2. _Ellipsostylus hirundo_, n. sp., × 300 301 Fig. 3. _Ellipsostylus columba_, n. sp., × 300 300 Fig. 4. _Xiphostylus alcedo_, n. sp., × 400 127 Fig. 5. _Xiphostylus edolius_, n. sp., × 400 130 Fig. 6. _Ellipsostylus psittacus_, n. sp., × 400 300 Fig. 7. _Stylostaurus caudatus_, n. sp., × 400 157 Fig. 8. _Ellipsostylus ciconia_, n. sp., × 300 300 Fig. 9. _Xiphostylus phasianus_, n. sp., × 400 127 Fig. 10. _Xiphostylus trochilus_, n. sp., × 300 129 Fig. 11. _Xiphostylus emberiza_, n. sp., × 300 131 Fig. 12. _Saturnalis circoideus_, n. sp., × 400 132 Not fully developed. Fig. 13. _Xiphostylus alca_, n. sp., × 300 130 Fig. 14. _Xiphostylus falco_, n. sp., × 300 130 Fig. 15. _Saturnalis rotula_, n. sp., × 400 133 Fig. 16. _Saturnalis annularis_, n. sp., × 400 132 [Illustration: 1.-14. XIPHOSTYLUS. 15. 16. SATURNALIS.] PLATE 14. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA. Families STYLOSPHÆRIDA et ELLIPSIDA. Fig. 1. _Ellipsoxiphus atractus_, n. sp., × 300 298 Fig. 2. _Xiphosphæra venus_, n. sp., × 300 123 Fig. 3. _Ellipsoxiphus claviger_, n. sp., × 300 297 Fig. 4. _Xiphosphæra pallas_, n. sp., × 400 124 Fig. 5. _Xiphosphæra gæa_, n. sp., × 400 123 Fig. 6. _Xiphosphæra vesta_, n. sp., × 300 126 Fig. 7. _Ellipsoxiphus elegans_, n. sp., var. _palliatus_, × 400 296 Fig. 8. _Lithapium halicapsa_, n. sp., × 300 303 Fig. 9. _Lithapium pyriforme_, n. sp., × 300 303 Fig. 10. _Lithapium monocyrtis_, n. sp., × 300 304 Fig. 11. _Ellipsoxiphus bipolaris_, n. sp., × 600 297 Fig. 12. _Xiphostylus trogon_, n. sp., × 400 129 Fig. 13. _Xiphostylus picus_, n. sp., × 300 129 Fig. 14. _Lithomespilus flammabundus_, n. sp., × 400 303 Fig. 15. _Xiphostylus alauda_, n. sp., × 400 128 Fig. 16. _Lithomespilus phloginus_, n. sp., × 600 302 Fig. 17. _Lithomespilus phlogoides_, n. sp., × 600 302 [Illustration: 1.-11. XIPHOSPHAERA, 12-17. LITHOMESPILUS.] PLATE 15. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA. Families STAUROSPHÆRIDA et DRUPPULIDA. Fig. 1. _Cromyatractus tetracelyphus_, n. sp., × 300 335 Fig. 1_a_. The two inner medullary shells. Fig. 2. _Cromyatractus tetraphractus_, n. sp., × 300 335 Fig. 3. _Cromyatractus cepicius_, n. sp., × 300 336 The spongy distal part of a polar spine. Fig. 4. _Cromyatractus ceparius_, n. sp. (vel _Caryostylus ceparius_), × 300 336 Fig. 5. _Staurolonche pertusa_, n. sp., × 300 159 Fig. 5_a_. Its medullary shell. Fig. 6. _Staurosphæra philippi_, n. sp., × 300 154 Fig. 7. _Stauroxiphus gladius_, n. sp., × 400 163 Fig. 8. _Staurocaryum arborescens_, n. sp., × 300 167 Fig. 9. _Rhizoplegma radicatum_, n. sp., × 200 276 Fig. 9_a_. The medullary shell, which is completely hidden in fig. 9 by the numerous club-shaped apophyses of the central capsule. [Illustration: 1. 2. STYLOCROMYUM, 3. 4. CARYOSTYLOS, 5.-7. STAUROLONCHE, 8. STAUROCARYUM, 9. RHIZOPLEGMA.] PLATE 16. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA. Families STYLOSPHÆRIDA et DRUPPULIDA. Fig. 1. _Stylosphæra melpomene_, n. sp., × 300 135 Fig. 2. _Lithatractus jugatus_, n. sp., (vel _Stylosphæra jugata_), × 400 323 Fig. 3. _Lithatractus fragilis_, n. sp. (vel _Stylosphæra fragilis_), × 400 319 Fig. 4. _Stylosphæra lithatractus_, n. sp., × 300 The entire shell. Fig. 5. _Stylosphæra lithatractus_, n. sp., × 300 The greater part of the cortical shell and the two spines taken off. The description of _Stylosphæra lithatractus_ (intermediate between _Stylosphæra jugata_ and _Stylosphæra terpsichore_, p. 137) is by mistake not given in the text. Fig. 6. _Stylosphæra calliope_, n. sp., × 400 134 Fig. 7. _Stylosphæra clio_, n. sp., × 400 134 Fig. 8. _Druppatractus ostracion_, n. sp., × 300 326 The entire shell. Fig. 9. _Druppatractus ostracion_, n. sp., × 300 326 The anterior half of the cortical shell has been removed. Fig. 10. _Druppatractus hippocampus_, n. sp., × 300 324 The entire shell. Fig. 11. _Druppatractus hippocampus_, n. sp., × 300 324 The greater part of the cortical shell has been removed. Fig. 12. _Stylosphæra nana_, n. sp., × 300 136 The entire shell Fig. 13. _Stylosphæra nana_, n. sp., × 300 136 The greater part of the cortical shell taken off. Fig. 14. _Sphærostylus ophidium_, n. sp., × 300 140 The entire shell. Fig. 15. _Sphærostylus ophidium_, n. sp., × 300 140 The medullary shell alone. Fig. 16. _Saturnulus ellipticus_, n. sp., × 400 141 Fig. 17. _Saturnulus planetes_, n. sp., × 400 142 [Illustration: 1.-15. STYLOSPHAERA. 16. 17. SATURNULUS.] PLATE 17. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Orders SPHÆROIDEA ET PRUNOIDEA. Families STYLOSPHÆRIDA, DRUPPULIDA et SPONGURIDA. Fig. 1. _Stylatractus giganteus_, n. sp. (vel _Amphistylus giganteus_), × 300 329 Fig. 2. _Stylatractus sethoporus_, n. sp., × 400 330 The greater part of the cortical shell taken off. Fig. 3. _Stylatractus sethoporus_, n. sp., × 400 330 The entire cortical shell. Fig. 4. _Stylatractus compactus_, n. sp., × 400 329 Fig. 5. _Amphisphæra cronos_, n. sp. (vel _Amphistylus cronos_), × 400 144 Fig. 6. _Stylatractus neptunus_, n. sp. (vel _Amphisphæra neptunus_), × 300 328 Fig. 7. _Amphisphæra pluto_, n. sp., × 300 144 The entire cortical shell. Fig. 8. _Amphisphæra pluto_, n. sp., × 300 144 Meridional section through the three concentric shells. Fig. 9. _Xiphatractus glyptodon_, n. sp., × 400 334 The entire cortical shell. Fig. 10. _Xiphatractus glyptodon_, n. sp., × 400 334 The greater part of the cortical shell taken off. Fig. 11. _Xiphatractus armadillo_, n. sp., × 400 332 Fig. 12. _Spongoxiphus prunococcus_, n. sp., × 300 354 The spongy cortical shell. Fig. 13. _Spongoxiphus prunococcus_, n. sp., × 600 354 The two concentric latticed medullary shells. [Illustration: 1.-11. AMPHISTYLUS, 12. 13. SPONGOSTYLUS.] PLATE 18. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Centrocubus cladostylus_, n. sp., × 100 278 Fig. 2. _Octodendron spathillatum_, n. sp., × 300 280 The entire inner shell, but a small part only of the outer shell is represented. Fig. 3. _Octodendron cubocentron_, n. sp., × 400 279 The central capsule (somewhat irregular by compression?) exhibits a large excentric nucleus (probably dislocated artificially?). Fig. 4. _Octodendron spathillatum_, n. sp., × 800 280 Free distal end of a radial spine, with the spathillæ on the end of the branches. Fig. 5. _Rhizosphæra serrata_, n. sp., × 300 284 Fig. 6. _Rhizosphæra serrata_, n. sp., × 300 284 Medullary shell. Fig. 7. _Rhizosphæra serrata_, n. sp., × 600 284 A single radial spine. Fig. 8. _Plegmosphæra exodictyon_, n. sp., × 200 89 The central shell-cavity encloses the spherical central capsule and the concentric nucleus. Fig. 9. _Spongodrymus elaphococcus_, n. sp., × 150 272 The entire inner shell, but only a small part of the outer spongy envelope is represented. [Illustration: 1.-4. CENTROCUBUS, 5.-7. RHIZOSPHAERA, 8. PLEGMOSPHAERA, 9. SPONGODRYMUS.] PLATE 19. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family ASTROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Drymosphæra polygonalis_, n. sp., × 200 249 Fig. 2. _Leptosphæra hexagonalis_, n. sp., × 200 244 Showing the central capsule (forming numerous club-shaped protuberances) and the simple spherical nucleus in its centre. The skeleton is nearly the same as in _Diplosphæra hexagonalis_ (fig. 3). Fig. 3. _Diplosphæra hexagonalis_, n. sp., × 200 246 The spherical central capsule, with radially striped protoplasm, is enclosed in the inner shell, and exhibits in its centre the clear spherical nucleus. Fig. 4. _Astrosphæra hexagonalis_, n. sp., × 300 250 Fig. 5. _Astrosphæra stellata_, n. sp., × 300 251 The central capsule, enclosed in the inner shell, exhibits a distinct radial striation of the protoplasm, and in the centre a clear spherical nucleus. Fig. 6. _Haliomma rhodococcus_, n. sp. (vel _Sethosphæra rhodococcus_), × 400 237 The greater part of the outer shell is removed. [Illustration: 1.-5. DIPLOSPHAERA, 6. SETHOSPHAERA.] PLATE 20. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Drymosphæra dendrophora_, n. sp., × 300 249 Fig. 1_a_. Meridional section through the central capsule. In the centre the large spherical nucleus is visible. The protoplasm around it is distinctly radiate. From the central capsule arise numerous club-shaped apophyses or cæcal sacs, which are protruded through the meshes of the inner shell, × 300 Fig. 1_b_. Basal part of a single radial spine, and its connection with the network of the two shells, × 400 Fig. 2. _Liosphæra polypora_, n. sp., × 300 78 The greater part of the outer shell is removed. Fig. 3. _Liosphæra hexagonia_, n. sp., × 400 76 Fig. 4. _Carposphæra melitomma_, n. sp. (vel _Melitomma melittosphæra_), × 400 73 [Illustration: 1. DRYMOSPHAERA, 2.-4. MELITOMMA.] PLATE 21. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Hexastylus cochleatus_, n. sp., × 400 174 From the central capsule, enclosed in the shell, numerous delicate radial pseudopodia arise, which are protruded through the pores of the shell. Fig. 2. _Hexastylus triaxonius_, n. sp., × 400 175 Fig. 3. _Hexastylus phænaxonius_, n. sp., × 300 171 Fig. 4. _Hexastylus thaletis_, n. sp., × 400 172 Fig. 5. _Hexastylus minimus_, n. sp., × 400 172 Fig. 6. _Hexastylus dimensivus_, n. sp., × 400 175 Fig. 7. _Hexastylus spiralis_, n. sp., × 400 177 Fig. 8. _Hexastylus dictyotus_, n. sp., × 400 176 Fig. 9. _Hexastylus dictyotus_, n. sp., × 400 176 Central capsule with concentric nucleus and nucleolus; the protoplasm is radially striped. Fig. 10. _Hexastylus marginatus_, n. sp., × 400 176 Fig. 10_a_. Radial section through the shell-wall. Fig. 11. _Hexastylus solonis_, n. sp., × 400 173 Fig. 12. _Hexastylus contortus_, n. sp., × 300 177 [Illustration: HEXASTYLUS.] PLATE 22. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Hexalonche pythagoræa_, n. sp., × 300 185 Fig. 2. _Hexalonche conicornis_, n. sp., × 300 181 Fig. 3. _Hexalonche aristarchi_, n. sp., × 400 185 Fig. 4. _Hexalonche philosophica_, n. sp., × 400 186 Fig. 5. _Hexalonche anaximandri_, n. sp., × 400 182 Fig. 6. _Hexalonche octocolpa_, n. sp., × 300 183 Fig. 6_a_. The inner shell alone. Fig. 7. _Hexalonche heracliti_, n. sp., × 300 187 Fig. 8. _Hexalonche octahedra_, n. sp., × 400 181 Fig. 8_a_. The inner shell alone. Fig. 9. _Hexancistra tricuspis_, n. sp., × 300 188 Fig. 10. _Hexancistra triserrata_, n. sp., × 300 188 Fig. 11. _Hexancistra quadricuspis_, n. sp., × 300 189 [Illustration: 1.-8. HEXALONCHE, 9.-11. HEXANCISTRA.] PLATE 23. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Hexadendron bipinnatum_, n. sp., × 400 200 Fig. 2. _Hexacromyum octahedrum_, n. sp., × 400 202 Fig. 3. _Hexancistra mirabilis_, n. sp. (= _Hexapitys mirabilis_), × 400 189 The spherical central capsule encloses the concentric spherical inner shell (which is filled up by the nucleus), and is surrounded by the octahedral outer shell. The latter is enveloped by the octahedral calymma, which is radially striated and contains numerous xanthellæ. Fig. 4. _Hexacaryum arborescens_, n. sp., × 400 203 Fig. 5. _Hexacontium clavigerum_, n. sp., × 300 19 [Illustration: 1. 2. HEXADENDRUM, 3. HEXAPYTIS, 4. HEXACARYUM, 5. HEXACONTIUM.] PLATE 24. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Hexacontium sceptrum_, n. sp., × 400 194 Fig. 1_a_. The two medullary shells. Fig. 2. _Hexacontium favosum_, n. sp., × 400 194 Fig. 2_a_. The two medullary shells. Fig. 3. _Hexacontium axotrias_, n. sp., × 300 192 The six lattice-plates, which form the cortical shell, are not yet fully developed. Fig. 4. _Hexacontium floridum_, n. sp., × 300 195 Fig. 4_a_. The two medullary shells. Fig. 5. _Hexacontium papillosum_, n. sp., × 400 197 Fig. 5_a_. The two medullary shells. Fig. 6. _Hexacontium lævigatum_, n. sp., × 400 193 The contours of the two medullary shells are visible in the centre. Fig. 7. _Hexacontium prionacanthum_, n. sp., × 400 195 Fig. 7_a_. The two medullary shells, connected with a fragment of the cortical shell. Fig. 8. _Cubosphæra cubaxonia_, n. sp., × 400 203 Fig. 8_a_. A single radial spine. Fig. 9. _Hexacromyum elegans_, n. sp., × 400 201 A part of the two cortical shells is broken off. [Illustration: 1.-7. HEXACONTIUM, 8. 9. HEXACROMYUM.] PLATE 25. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family CUBOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Hexadoridium streptacanthum_, n. sp., × 400 206 Fig. 1_a_. The two concentric medullary shells. Fig. 2. _Hexalonche amphisiphon_, n. sp., × 300 182 Fig. 2_a_. Medullary shell connected with a fragment of the cortical shell. Fig. 2_b_. Vertical section through the wall of the cortical shell. (Below the centre of the Plate, also lettered 3_a_ by mistake.) Fig. 3. _Hexalonche rosetta_, n. sp., × 400 180 Fig. _3a_. Medullary shell. Fig. _3b_. Vertical section through the wall of the cortical shell. Fig. 4. _Hexalonche curvicornis_, n. sp., × 300 181 Outer shell not yet complete, or partly broken off (?). Fig. 5. _Hexalonche anaximenis_, n. sp., × 400 183 Fig. 6. _Hexalonche hystricina_, n. sp., × 300 187 Fig. 7. _Hexacontium circumtextum_, n. sp., × 400 193 Fig. 7_a_. Vertical section through the double wall of the cortical shell. Fig. 8. _Hexacontium gladiatum_, n. sp., × 400 198 A part of the two outer shells and of the radial spines is broken off. [Illustration: 1. HEXADORAS, 2.-6. HEXALONCHE, 7. 8. HEXACONTIUM.] PLATE 26. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Coscinomma amphisiphon_, n. sp., × 300 222 Fig. 1_a_. A piece of the lattice-shell, × 600 Fig. 1_b_. Vertical section through the shell-wall, × 600 Fig. 2. _Heliosphæra hexagonaria_, n. sp., × 300 217 Fig. 3. _Acanthosphæra castanea_, n. sp., × 400 211 Fig. 4. _Acanthosphæra angulata_, n. sp., × 300 216 Fig. 5. _Acanthosphæra reticulata_, n. sp., × 300 217 Fig. 6. _Heliosphæra coronata_, n. sp., × 400 219 Fig. 6_a_. A single pore with its coronal, × 300 Fig. 7. _Acanthosphæra mucronata_, n. sp., × 400 212 Fig. 8. _Acanthosphæra clavata_, n. sp., × 400 212 Fig. 9. _Heliosphæra pectinata_, n. sp., × 400 218 Fig. 10. _Cenosphæra perforata_, n. sp., × 400 66 Fig. 11. _Cenosphæra coronata_, n. sp., × 400 67 [Illustration: 1. 2. HELIOSPHAERA, 3.-9. ACANTHOSPHAERA, 10. 11. CERIOSPHAERA.] PLATE 27. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family ASTROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Cladococcus pinetum_, n. sp., × 300 226 Fig. 2. _Cladococcus scoparius_, n. sp., × 300 225 Fig. 3. _Cladococcus abietinus_, n. sp., × 300 226 The central capsule, enclosed originally in the shell, sends out numerous club-shaped apophyses through the pores of the lattice-sphere. The central spherical nucleus fills up half the shell-cavity. Fig. 4. _Cladococcus stalactites_, n. sp., × 300 227 Fig. 5. _Cladococcus dendrites_, n. sp., × 200 227 [Illustration: CLADOCOCCUS.] PLATE 28. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Haliomma lirianthus_, n. sp., × 300 232 Fig. 1_a_. Medullary shell, × 300 Fig. _1b_. Three pores of the cortical shell, × 900 Fig. 2. _Carposphæra nodosa_, n. sp., × 300 76 Fig. 2_a_. The medullary shell is visible, the upper half of the cortical shell being taken off, × 300 Fig. 3. _Heliosoma radians_, n. sp., × 300 240 Fig. 3_a_. Medullary shell, × 300 Fig. 4. _Heliosoma hastatum_, n. sp., × 400 241 Fig. 5. _Haliomma compactum_, n. sp., × 400 239 Fig. 5_a_. The upper half of the cortical shell is removed, × 300 Fig. 6. _Haliomma macrodoras_, n. sp., × 400 238 Fig. 7. _Haliomma circumtextum_, n sp., × 400 233 Fig. 8. _Elatomma juniperinum_, n. sp., × 400 243 Fig. 8_a_. Medullary shell, × 400 [Illustration: 1. 2. ANTHOMMA, 3. HELIOSOMA, 4.-7. HALIOMMA, 8. ELATOMMA.] PLATE 29. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Family ASTROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Echinomma toxopneustes_, n. sp., × 400 259 Fig. 2. _Echinomma sphærechinus_, n. sp., × 400 258 Fig. 3. _Actinomma denticulatum_, n. sp., × 400 254 Fig. 4. _Actinomma pachyderma_, n. sp., × 400 254 The half of the cortical shell is removed. Fig. 5. _Actinomma pachyderma_, n. sp., × 400 254 Fig. 6. _Actinomma capillaceum_, n. sp., × 300 255 Fig. 7. _Actinomma arcadophorum_, n. sp., × 400 255 A part of the two outer shells is removed. Fig. 8. _Actinomma arcadophorum_, n. sp., × 400 255 Inner medullary shell. Fig. 9. _Pityomma drymodes_, n. sp., × 300 260 A part of the two outer shells is removed. [Illustration: 1.-8. ACTINOMMA, 9. PITYOMMA.] PLATE 30. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order SPHÆROIDEA. Families LIOSPHÆRIDA et ASTROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Cromyechinus icosacanthus_, n. sp., × 300 263 Fig. 2. _Cromyomma villosum_, n. sp., × 300 261 Fig. 3. _Cromyechinus dodecacanthus_, n. sp., × 400 264 Fig. 3_a_. The innermost shells. Fig. 4. _Cromyomma circumtextum_, n. sp., × 300 262 Fig. 5. _Cromyomma mucronatum_, n. sp., × 200 263 Fig. 5_a_. The innermost shells. Fig. 6. _Cromyodrymus abietinus_, n. sp., × 300 265 Fig. 7. _Cromyodrymus quadricuspis_, n. sp., × 400 264 Fig. 7_a_. The inner concentric shells. Fig. 8. _Cromyomma perspicuum_, n. sp., × 300 262 Fig. 9. _Cromyosphæra quadruplex_, n. sp., × 300 84 Fig. 9_a_. The innermost shells. [Illustration: 1.-5. CROMYOMMA, 6. 7. CROMYODRYMUS, 8. 9. CROMYOSPHAERA.] PLATE 31. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Families CENODISCIDA et PHACODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Sethostaurus orthostaurus_, n. sp., × 300 433 Fig. 2. _Sethostaurus orthostaurus_, n. sp., × 300 433 Vertical section through the centrum. Fig. 3. _Sethostaurus recurvatus_, n. sp., × 100 434 Optical section through the equatorial plane. Fig. 4. _Sethostaurus rhombostaurus_, n. sp., × 100 434 Optical section through the equatorial plane. Fig. 5. _Sethostaurus cruciatus_, n. sp. (vel _Heliostaurus cruciatus_), × 300 434 Fig. 6. _Phacostaurus oceanidum_, n. sp., × 300 435 Fig. 7. _Phacostaurus magnificus_, n. sp., × 400 436 Fig. 8. _Phacostaurus magnificus_, n. sp., × 200 436 Vertical section through the centrum. Fig. 9. _Sethostylus distyliscus_, n. sp., × 400 428 Fig. 10. _Sethostylus dicylindrus_, n. sp., × 300 428 Marginal view. Fig. 11. _Stylodiscus endostylus_, n. sp. (vel _Sethostylus endostylus_), × 300 413 Fig. 12. _Phacostylus amphistylus_, n. sp., × 300 430 [Illustration: 1.-4. SETHOSTAURUS, 5. HELIOSTAURUS, 6. PHACOSTAURUS, 7. 8. ASTROSTAURUS, 9.-11. SETHOSTYLUS, 12. PHACOSTYLUS.] PLATE 32. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PHACODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Astrophacus solaris_, n. sp., × 300 453 Fig. 2. _Astrophacus apollinis_, n. sp., × 300 455 Fig. 3. _Astrophacus phacodiscus_, n. sp., × 300 454 Vertical section through the centrum. Fig. 4. _Astrosestrum ephyra_, n. sp., × 300 442 Fig. 4_a_. Transverse section through the double medullary shell, × 300 442 Fig. 5. _Astrosestrum nauphanta_, n. sp., × 300 442 Fig. 6. _Phacostylus caudatus_, n. sp. (vel _Astrosestrum caudatum_), × 200 431 Fig. 7. _Perizona scutella_, n. sp., × 400 427 Fig. 8. _Perizona pterygota_, n. sp., × 400 427 Fig. 8_a_. Medullary shells and radial beams connecting them with the disk, × 300 427 [Illustration: 1.-3. ASTROPHACUS, 4.-6. ASTROSESTRUM, 7. 8. PERIZONA.] PLATE 33. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PHACODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Sethodiscus lenticula_, n. sp., × 300 423 Fig. 2. _Sethodiscus lenticula_, n. sp., × 300 423 Vertical section. Fig. 3. _Sethodiscus macrococcus_, n. sp., × 300 423 Young shell, not yet closed, seen from the margin. Fig. 4. _Periphæna cincta_, n. sp., × 400 426 Fig. 5. _Triactiscus tricuspis_, n. sp., × 300 432 Marginal view. Fig. 6. _Triactiscus tripyramis_, n. sp., × 400 432 Fig. 7. _Heliodiscus cingillum_, n. sp., × 300 448 Fig. 8. _Heliodiscus asteriscus_, n. sp., × 300 445 Fig. 9. _Heliodrymus dendrocyclus_, n. sp.(vel _Heliocladus dendrocyclus_), × 300 451 [Illustration: 1.-3. SETHODISCUS, 4. PERIPHAENA, 5. 6. TRIACTIS, 7. 8. HELIODISCUS, 9. HELIOCLADUS.] PLATE 34. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PHACODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Sethostylus dentatus_, n. sp. (vel _Heliostylus dentatus_), × 300 429 Upper half of the disk. Fig. 2. _Sethostylus serratus_, n. sp. (vel _Heliostylus serratus_), × 300 429 Lower half of the disk. Fig. 3. _Heliosestrum octonum_, n. sp., × 300 440 Fig. 4. _Heliodiscus solaster_, n. sp., × 300 447 Fig. 5. _Heliodiscus echiniscus_, n. sp., × 400 448 Fig. 6. _Heliosestrum medusinum_, n. sp., × 300 438 Fig. 7. _Sethostaurus conostaurus_, n. sp., × 100 433 Normal form with four regular spines. Fig. 8. _Sethostaurus conostaurus_, n. sp., × 100 433 Abnormal form with five spines. Fig. 9. _Heliodiscus marginatus_, n. sp., × 100 449 Fig. 10. _Heliodiscus trochiscus_, n. sp., × 100 445 Fig. 11. _Heliodiscus polymorphus_, n. sp., × 100 447 Fig. 12. _Heliodiscus polymorphus_, n. sp., × 100 447 Fig. 13. _Heliodiscus trochiscus_, n. sp., × 100 445 Fig. 14. _Astrophacus trochiscus_, n. sp., × 100 453 [Illustration: 1. 2. HELIOSTYLUS, 3.-14. HELIODISCUS.] PLATE 35. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PHACODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Heliodiscus pertusus_, n. sp. (vel _Heliosestrum pertusum_), × 400 448 Irregular form with ten (instead of eight) larger latticed spines. Fig. 2. _Heliodiscus glyphodon_, n. sp. (vel _Heliosestrum glyphodon_), × 300 446 Fig. 3. _Heliodrymus ramosus_, n. sp., × 300 452 Fig. 4. _Heliodrymus ramosus_, n. sp., × 500 452 Medullary shell and a segment of the disk. Fig. 5. _Heliodrymus viminalis_, n. sp., × 400 452 Marginal view. Fig. 6. _Phacodiscus clypeus_, n. sp., × 400 425 Fig. 7. _Phacodiscus rotula_, n. sp., × 400 424 Marginal view. Fig. 8. _Phacodiscus lentiformis_, n. sp., × 400 425 Vertical section nearly through the centre. Fig. 9. _Phacodiscus clypeus_, n. sp., × 400 425 Vertical section nearly through the centre. [Illustration: 1. 2. HELIOSESTRUM, 3.-5. HELIODRYMUS, 6.-9. PHACODISCUS.] PLATE 36. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family COCCODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Coccodiscus lamarckii_, n. sp., × 500 459 The left half of the figure represents a horizontal section through the peripheral shell, the right half a view of the surface. Fig. 2. _Coccodiscus goethei_, n. sp., × 500 461 Vertical section nearly through the centre. Fig. 3. _Lithocyclia lenticula_, n. sp., × 400 459 Fig. 4. _Lithocyclia lenticula_, n. sp., × 400 459 Vertical section through the centre. Fig. 5. _Coccocyclia helianthus_, n. sp., × 400 468 Fig. 6. _Coccocyclia helianthus_, n. sp., × 500 468 Vertical section through the outer medullary shell, showing the inner. Fig. 7. _Astrocyclia solaster_, n. sp., × 300 466 Fig. 8. _Astrocyclia heterocycla_, n. sp., × 400 468 Horizontal section through the equatorial plane. [Illustration: 1. 2. COCCODISCUS, 3. 4. LITHOCYCLIA, 5. 6. COCCOCYCLIA, 7. 8. ASTROCYCLIA] PLATE 37. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family COCCODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Staurocyclia cruciata_, n. sp., × 400 465 Fig. 2. _Staurocyclia phacostaurus_, n. sp., × 300 465 Fig. 3. _Staurocyclia phacostaurus_, n. sp., × 300 465 Vertical section through the centre. Fig. 4. _Staurocyclia magniducis_, n. sp. (_Coccostaurus magniducis_), × 300 466 Fig. 5. _Trigonocyclia triangularis_, n. sp., × 400 464 Fig. 6. _Stylocyclia prionacantha_, n. sp., × 500 462 A great part of the peripheral shell is removed. Fig. 7. _Amphicyclia amphistyla_, n. sp., × 300 464 Vertical section through the centre. Fig. 8. _Stylocyclia excavata_, n. sp., × 200 463 Vertical section through the centre. [Illustration: 1.-3. STAUROCYCLIA, 4. COCCOSTAURUS, 5. TRIGONOCYCLIA, 6.-8. STYLOCYCLIA.] PLATE 38. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family COCCODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Amphicyclia chronometra_, n. sp., × 400 463 Fig. 2. _Amphicyclia pachydiscus_, n. sp., × 500 464 Vertical section through the centre. Fig. 3. _Amphiactura amphibrachia_, n. sp., × 300 470 Fig. 4. _Amphiactura amphibrachia_, n. sp., × 150 470 Vertical section through the centre. Fig. 5. _Diplactura diploconus_, n. sp., × 300 470 Fig. 6. _Trigonactura triacantha_, n. sp., × 200 472 Fig. 7. _Trigonactura triacantha_, n. sp., × 400 472 Vertical section nearly through the centre. Fig. 8. _Hymenactura archimedis_, n. sp., × 300 473 Fig. 9. _Hymenactura copernici_, n. sp., × 200 475 [Illustration: 1. 2. AMPHICYCLIA, 3.-5. AMPHIACTURA, 6. 7. TRIGONACTURA, 8. 9. HYMENACTURA.] PLATE 39. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order PRUNOIDEA. Families ELLIPSIDA, DRUPPULIDA, ARTISCIDA et CYPHINIDA. Fig. 1. _Cenellipsis faceta_, n. sp. (vel _Ellipsis faceta_), × 300 291 Fig. 2. _Cenellipsis infundibulum_, n. sp. (vel _Ellipsis infundibulum_), × 300 292 Fig. 3. _Druppula pandanus_, n. sp. (vel _Coccymelium pandanus_), × 300 308 Fig. 4. _Prunulum coccymelium_, n. sp. (vel _Coccymelium prunulum_), × 300 313 Fig. 5. _Prunocarpus artocarpium_, n. sp. (vel _Artocarpium indicum_), × 300 316 Fig. 6. _Pipettella prismatica_, n. sp., × 300 305 Fig. 7. _Pipetta tuba_, n. sp., × 300 337 Fig. 8. _Pipetta fusus_, n. sp., × 300 337 Fig. 8_a_. The enclosed medullary shell. Fig. 9. _Artiscus nodosus_, n. sp. (vel _Artidium nodosum_), × 400 356 Fig. 10. _Cannartus violina_, n. sp., × 300 358 Fig. 11. _Cyphonium cribellum_, n. sp., × 200 365 Fig. 12. _Cyphonium virgineum_, n. sp. (vel _Ommatospyris virginea_), × 400 363 Fig. 12_a_. Vertical section through the double medullary shell. Fig. 13. _Cypassis puella_, n. sp. (vel _Didymospyris puella_), × 400 367 The enclosed central capsule is visible. Fig. 14. _Cyphinus amphilophus_, N. sp., × 300 370 Fig. 15. _Pipettaria tubaria_, n. sp., × 300 339 Fig. 16. _Cannartidium mammiferum_, n. sp., × 300 375 Fig. 17. _Cannartidium mastophorum_, n. sp., × 150 375 Fig. 18. _Cannartidium bicinctum_, n. sp., × 300 374 Fig. 18_a_. Vertical section through the main axis. Fig. 19. _Cannartiscus amphiconiscus_, n. sp., × 300 372 [Illustration: 1. 2. ELLIPSIS, 3. 4. COCCYMELIUM, 5. ARTOCARPIUM, 6. PIPETTELLA, 7. 8. PIPETTA, 9. ARTIDIUM, 10. CANNARTUS, 11. 12. OMMATOSPYRIS, 13. DIDYMOSPYRIS, 14. CYPHINIDIUM, 15.-19. CANNARTIDIUM.] PLATE 40. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order PRUNOIDEA. Families PANARTIDA et ZYGARTIDA. Fig. 1. _Panartus diploconus_, n. sp., × 300 379 Fig. 2. _Panartus pluteus_, n. sp., × 300 382 Fig. 3. _Panartus tetrathalamus_, n. sp., × 300 378 Fig. 4. _Panicium coronatum_, n. sp. (vel _Panartidium coronatum_), × 300 386 Fig. 5. _Peripanartus amphiconus_, n. sp., × 300 383 Fig. 6. _Peripanartus cylindrus_, n. sp., × 150 384 Fig. 7. _Peripanartus atractus_, n. sp., × 300 384 Fig. 8. _Peripanicium amphicorona_, n. sp., × 300 387 Fig. 9. _Panarium tubularium_, n. sp., × 300 390 Fig. 10. _Ommatocampe nereides_, n. sp., × 300 394 Fig. 11. _Cyphocolpus virginis_, n. sp. (vel _Zygartus virginis_) × 300 369 Fig. 12. _Desmartus larvalis_, n. sp. (vel _Zygartus larvalis_), × 300 398 Fig. 13. _Zygartus chrysalis_, n. sp. (vel _Zygocampe chrysalis_), × 400 401 [Illustration: 1.-3. PANARTUS, 4. PANARTIDIUM, 5.-8. PERIPANARTUS, 9. PANARIUM, 10. OMMATOCAMPE, 11.-13. ZYGARTUS.] PLATE 41. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Families PORODISCIDA et SPONGODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Porodiscus flustrella_, n. sp., × 300 493 Fig. 2. _Porodiscus perispira_, n. sp., × 200 495 The rings alone (equatorial section). Fig. 3. _Porodiscus quadrigatus_, n. sp., × 200 494 The rings alone (equatorial section). Fig. 4. _Porodiscus semispiralis_, n. sp., × 500 497 Fig. 5. _Perichlamydium saturnus_, n. sp., × 300 499 Fig. 6. _Porodiscus centrospira_, n. sp. (vel _Perispongidium centrospira_), × 200 495 The rings alone (equatorial section). Fig. 7. _Porodiscus irregularis_, n. sp. (vel _Perispongidium irregulare_), × 200 498 The rings alone (equatorial section). Fig. 8. _Stylodictya heliospira_, n. sp., × 400 512 Fig. 9. _Stylodictya centrospira_, n. sp., × 400 512 Fig. 10. _Stylochlamydium asteriscus_, n. sp., × 400 514 Fig. 11. _Stylotrochus geddesii_, n. sp., × 300 585 [Illustration: 1.-4. PORODISCUS, 5. PERICHLAMYDIUM. 6. 7. PERISPONGIDIUM, 8.-9. STYLODICTYA, 10. STYLOCHLAMYDIUM, 11. STYLOSPONGIDIUM.] PLATE 42. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PORODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Staurodictya elegans_, n. sp., × 500 507 Fig. 2. _Staurodictya ciliata_, n. sp., × 400 506 Fig. 3. _Staurodictya medusa_, n. sp., × 400 506 Fig. 4. _Staurodictya cruciata_, n. sp., × 300 507 Fig. 5. _Staurodictya cruciata_, n. sp., × 300 507 Vertical section through the disk. Fig. 6. _Staurodictya grandis_, n. sp., × 300 508 Vertical section through the disk. Fig. 7. _Tripodictya triacantha_, n. sp., × 400 505 Fig. 8. _Tripodictya trigonaria_, n. sp., × 400 505 Fig. 9. _Tripodictya tribelonia_, n. sp., × 400 505 Vertical section through the disk. Fig. 10. _Xiphodictya amphibelonia_, n. sp., × 300 503 Marginal view. Fig. 11. _Xiphodictya amphirrhopalia_, n. sp., × 400 504 Fig. 12. _Xiphodictya staurospira_, n. sp., × 500 504 [Illustration: 1.-6. STAURODICTYA, 7.-9. TRIPODICTYA, 10.-12. XIPHODICTYA.] PLATE 43. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PORODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Rhopalastrum malleus_, n. sp., × 100 527 Fig. 2. _Rhopalastrum ypsilinum_, n. sp., × 50 528 Fig. 3. _Rhopalastrum hexaceros_, n. sp., × 100 529 Fig. 4. _Rhopalastrum triceros_, n. sp., × 50 529 Fig. 5. _Rhopalastrum trispinosum_, n. sp. (vel _Dictyastrum trispinosum_), × 150 525 Fig. 6. _Rhopalastrum arcticum_, n. sp., × 300 539 Fig. 7. _Rhopalastrum hexagonum_, n. sp. (vel _Dictyastrum hexagonum_), × 100 525 Fig. 8. _Rhopalastrum irregulare_, n. sp., × 100 528 Fig. 9. _Euchitonia lanceolata_, n. sp., × 80 534 Fig. 10. _Euchitonia carcinus_, n. sp., × 300 535 Fig. 11. _Euchitonia echinata_, n. sp., × 120 536 Fig. 12. _Euchitonia stohrii_, n. sp., × 100 534 Fig. 13. _Hymeniastrum euclidis_, n. sp., × 200 531 Fig. 14. _Chitonastrum jugatum_, n. sp., × 200 537 Fig. 15. _Chitonastrum lyra_, n. sp., × 500 538 A living specimen observed. The entire shell is enveloped by the calymma and surrounded by radiating pseudopodia (drawn much too short). Between the two paired arms arises a large "sarcode-flagellum." The central chamber and the first enveloping ring are filled by the clear nucleus; the other rings and all the chambers of the arms contain numerous pink oil-globules. Fig. 16. _Trigonastrum regulare_, n. sp. (vel _Chitonastrum regulare_), × 200 539 [Illustration: 1.-8. RHOPALASTRUM, 9.-11. HYMENIASTRUM, 12. 13. EUCHITONIA, 14. 15. DICTYASTRUM, 16. CHITONASTRUM.] PLATE 44. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PORODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Stephanastrum capitatum_, n. sp., × 200 549 Fig. 2. _Pentinastrum asteriscus_, n. sp., × 300 557 Fig. 3. _Pentalastrum ophidiaster_, n. sp., × 100 557 Fig. 4. _Hexinastrum geryonidum_, n. sp., × 300 560 Fig. 5. _Hexalastrum orchidaceum_, n. sp., × 50 560 Fig. 6. _Amphibrachium dilatatum_, n. sp., × 50 517 Fig. 7. _Amphymenium zygartus_, n. sp., × 400 520 Fig. 8. _Amphymenium pupula_, n. sp., × 300 519 Fig. 9. _Amphymenium amphistylium_, n. sp., × 200 520 Fig. 10. _Amphicraspedum murrayanum_, n. sp., × 300 523 Fig. 11. _Amphymenium monstrosum_, n. sp., × 300 520 [Illustration: 1. STEPHANASTRUM, 2. 3. PENTALASTRUM, 4. 5. HEXALASTRUM, 6. AMPHIBRACHIUM, 7.-11. AMPHYMENIUM.] PLATE 45. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PORODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Stauralastrum rhopalophorum,_ n. sp., × 200 541 Fig. 2. _Dicranastrum cornutum_, n. sp., × 200 551 Fig. 3. _Hagiastrum mosis_, n. sp., × 100 543 Fig. 4. _Hagiastrum mosis_, n. sp., × 50 543 Lateral view, from the edge. Fig. 5. _Hagiastrum buddhæ_, n. sp., × 50 542 Fig. 6. _Stauralastrum cruciforme_, n. sp. (in glycerine), × 500 540 The central capsule contains a large central nucleus with nucleolus, and is surrounded by the jelly calymma and numerous small zooxanthellæ. The endoplasm is radially striped. Fig. 7. _Tesserastrum democriti_, n. sp., × 100 548 Fig. 8. _Tesserastrum straussii_, n. sp., × 500 547 Fig. 9. _Tesserastrum brunonis_, n. sp., × 200 548 Disk seen from the edge. Fig. 10. _Amphirhopalum echinatum_, n. sp., × 300 522 Fig. 11. _Amphicraspedum maclaganium_, n. sp., × 100 523 Fig. 12. _Amphicraspedum wyvilleanum_, n. sp., × 300 523 [Illustration: 1.-6. HAGIASTRUM, 7.-9. HISTIASTRUM, 10. AMPHIRHOPALUM, 11. 12. AMPHICRASPEDUM.] PLATE 46. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PORODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Histiastrum boseanum_, n. sp., × 400 546 Fig. 2. _Histiastrum pentadiscus_, n. sp., × 200 546 Fig. 3. _Histiastrum quadrigatum_, n. sp., × 300 544 Fig. 4. _Histiastrum velatum_, n. sp., × 200 545 Fig. 5. _Stephanastrum quadratum_, n. sp., × 200 549 [Illustration: 1.-3. HISTIASTRUM, 4. DICTYASTRUM, 5. STEPHANASTRUM.] PLATE 47. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order DISCOIDEA. Family PORODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Dicranastrum bifurcatum_, n. sp., × 200 552 Fig. 1_a._ Central disc of the same, × 600 Fig. 2. _Dicranastrum furcatum_, n. sp., × 100 550 Fig. 3. _Dicranastrum wyvillei_, n. sp., × 100 551 Fig. 4. _Pentophiastrum forcipatum_, n. sp., × 50 559 Fig. 5. _Pentophiastrum caudatum_, n. sp., × 50 559 Fig. 6. _Myelastrum papilio_, n. sp., × 50 554 Fig. 7. _Myelastrum decaceros_, n. sp., × 20 554 Fig. 8. _Myelastrum heteropterum_, n. sp., × 20 553 Fig. 9. _Myelastrum anomalum_, n. sp., × 50 556 Fig. 10. _Myelastrum farfalla_, n. sp., × 50 554 Fig. 11. _Myelastrum dodecaceros_, n. sp., × 100 554 Fig. 12. _Myelastrum octocorne_, n. sp., × 90 553 Fig. 13. _Myelastrum medullare_, n. sp., × 50 553 [Illustration: 1. 2. DICRANASTRUM, 3. TRICANASTRUM, 4. 5. PENTALASTRUM, 6.-13. MYELASTRUM.] PLATE 48. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Orders PRUNOIDEA ET DISCOIDEA. Families ELLIPSIDA, ARTISCIDA, SPONGURIDA, CENODISCIDA, PORODISCIDA et PYLODISCIDA. Fig. 1. _Cenodiscus phacoides_, n. sp., × 100 411 Fig. 1_a._ Vertical section. Fig. 2. _Crucidiscus endostaurus_, n. sp., × 200 416 Equatorial section. Fig. 3. _Trochodiscus stellaris_, n. sp., × 200 418 Fig. 4. _Axoprunum stauraxonium_, n. sp., × 300 298 Equatorial section. Fig. 5. _Stylartus bipolaris_, n. sp., × 200 357 Vertical section. Fig. 6. _Spongocore puella_, n. sp., × 300 347 Fig. 7. _Spongoprunum amphilonche_, n. sp., × 300 347 Fig. 8. _Stomatodiscus osculatus_, n. sp., × 600 503 Fig. 9. _Archidiscus stauroniscus_, n. sp., × 400 487 Fig. 9_a._ Marginal view. Fig. 10. _Archidiscus hexoniscus_, n. sp., × 400 488 Fig. _10a._ Marginal view. Fig. 11. _Archidiscus pyloniscus_, n. sp., × 400 488 Fig. _11a._ Marginal view. Fig. 12. _Triolena primordialis_, n. sp., × 800 564 Fig. 13. _Triopyle hexagona_, n. sp., × 600 565 Fig. 14. _Triodiscus spinosus_, n. sp., × 600 565 Fig. 15. _Pylolena armata_, n. sp., × 300 568 Fig. 16. _Hexapyle dodecantha_, n. sp., × 300 569 Fig. 17. _Pylodiscus triangularis_, n. sp., × 400 570 Fig. 18. _Discozonium hexagonium_, n. sp., × 400 572 Fig. 19. _Discopyle osculata_, n. sp., × 400 573 Fig. 20. _Discopyle elliptica_, n. sp., × 400 573 [Illustration: 1.-3. CENODISCUS, 4. AXOPRUNUM, 5. STYLARTUS, 6. SPONGOCORE, 7. SPONGOPRUNUM, 8. STOMATODISCUS, 9.-11. ARCHIDISCUS, 12.-20. PYLODISCUS.] PLATE 49. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order LARCOIDEA. Families LITHELIDA, STREBLONIDA, PHORTICIDA et SOREUMIDA. Fig. 1. _Spirema melonia_, n. sp., × 300 692 Fig. 2. _Lithelius solaris_, n. sp. (the first central convolutions only), × 300 695 Fig. 3. _Larcospira quadrangula_, n. sp., × 300 696 Fig. 4. _Pylospira octopyle_, n. sp., × 300 698 Fig. 5. _Tholospira cervicornis_, n. sp., × 300 700 Fig. 6. _Tholospira dendrophora_, n. sp., × 300 700 Fig. 7. _Spironium octonium_, n. sp., × 300 701 Fig. 8. _Streblacantha siderolina_, n. sp., × 300 706 Fig. 8_a_. Outlines of the chambers, × 200 Fig. 9. _Streblopyle helicina_, n. sp., × 300 707 Fig. 10. _Phorticium pylonium_, n. sp., × 300 709 Fig. 11. _Spongophortis larnacilla_, n. sp., × 200 711 Fig. 11_a._ The upper half of the cortical shell is removed. Figs. 11_b_ to _11d_. The enclosed medullary _Larnacilla_-shell. _b_, Dorsal view; _c_, lateral view; _d_, basal view. Fig. 12. _Soreuma irregulare_, n. sp., × 200 713 Fig. 13. _Sorolarcus larnacillifer_, n. sp., × 300 715 [Illustration: 1.-7. LITHELIUS, 8. 9. STREBLONIA, 10. 11. PHORTICIUM, 12. 13. SOREUMA.] PLATE 50. LEGION SPUMELLARIA. Order LARCOIDEA. Families LARCARIDA, LARNACIDA et ZONARIDA. Fig. 1. _Larnacilla typus_, n. sp., × 300 617 From the sagittal pole (dorsal view). Fig. 1_a_. From the lateral pole (sagittal section). Fig. 1_b_. From the principal pole (equatorial section). Fig. 2. _Larnacalpis lentellipsis_, n. sp., × 400 620 From the sagittal pole (dorsal view). Fig. 2_a_. From the lateral pole (sagittal section). Fig. 2_b_. From the principal pole (equatorial section). Fig. 3. _Larnacalpis triaxonia_, n. sp., × 400 621 From the sagittal pole (dorsal view). Fig. 4. _Larnacantha hexacantha_, n. sp., × 400 622 From the sagittal pole (dorsal view). Fig. 5. _Larnacantha bicruciata_, n. sp., × 300 623 Frontal view. Fig. 6. _Larnacantha prismatica_, n. sp., × 300 623 Half frontal, half lateral view. Fig. 7. _Cenolarcus primordialis_, n. sp., × 300 607 From the sagittal pole. Fig. 7_a_. From the lateral pole. Fig. 7_b_. From the principal pole. Fig. 8. _Larcidium dodecanthum_, n. sp., × 300 612 From the sagittal pole. Fig. 8_a_. From the principal pole. Fig. 9. _Zonarium octangulum_, n. sp., × 300 685 Frontal view. Fig. 10. _Zoniscus tetracanthus_, n. sp., × 300 687 Frontal view. Fig. 11. _Zoniscus hexatholius_, n. sp., × 400 687 Dorsal view (from the sagittal pole). Fig. 11_a_. Lateral view (from the frontal pole). Fig. 12. _Zonidium octotholium_, n. sp., × 300 688 Frontal section (from the sagittal pole). Fig. 12_a_. Lateral view (from the frontal pole). [Illustration: 1. LARNACILLA, 2-6. LARNACALPIS, 7. CENOLARCUS, 8. LARCIDIUM, 9-12. ZONARIUM.] PLATE 51. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families TRIPOCALPIDA, PHÆNOCALPIDA et CYRTOCALPIDA. Fig. 1. _Tripterocalpis phylloptera_, n. sp., × 400 1138 Fig. 2. _Tripterocalpis conoptera_, n. sp., × 300 1138 Fig. 3. _Tripterocalpis ogmoptera_, n. sp., × 300 1138 Fig. 4. _Tripterocalpis ogmoptera_, n. sp., × 500 1138 A group of confluent pores, more enlarged. Fig. 5. _Tripterocalpis ogmoptera_, n. sp., × 300 1138 Central capsule. In the centre the striate podoconus, above it four oil-globules, to the right the nucleus. Fig. 6. _Tripocalpis triserrata_, n. sp., × 600 1136 Fig. 7. _Tridictyopus conicus_, n. sp., × 300 1145 Fig. 8. _Tridictyopus vatillum_, n. sp., × 400 1145 Fig. 9. _Cyrtophormis spiralis_, n. sp., × 400 1166 Fig. 10. _Archicorys ovata_, n. sp., × 300 1185 Fig. 11. _Cyrtocalpis gromia_, n. sp., × 400 1188 Fig. 12. _Archicorys microstoma_, n. sp., × 400 1185 Fig. 13. _Cyrtocalpis urceolus_, n. sp., × 500 1186 The ovate central capsule exhibits in the lower half the podoconus, in the upper half the spherical nucleus and three oil-globules. Between the capsule and the shell numerous xanthellæ, partly protruded through the shell-mouth along the radiating pseudopodia. [Illustration: 1.-6. TRIPTEROCALPIS, 7. 8. TRIDICTYOPUS, 9.-13. CYRTOCALPIS.] PLATE 52. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families TRIPOCALPIDA, PHÆNOCALPIDA, CYRTOCALPIDA et ANTHOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Cyrtophormis pila_, n. sp., × 300 1165 Fig. 2. _Cyrtophormis ærostatica_, n. sp., × 300 1166 Fig. 3. _Cyrtophormis ærostatica_, n. sp., × 300 1166 Longitudinal section. Fig. 4. _Cyrtocalpis sethopora_, n. sp., × 600 1187 Fig. 5. _Cyrtocalpis lithomitra_, n. sp., × 400 1187 Fig. 6. _Cyrtocalpis lithomitra_, n. sp., × 400 1187 Longitudinal section. Fig. 7. _Cyrtocalpis compacta_, n. sp., × 400 1187 Fig. 8. _Cyrtocalpis compacta_, n. sp., × 400 1187 Longitudinal section. Fig. 9. _Carpocanistrum flosculum_, n. sp., × 400 1171 Fig. 10. _Carpocanistrum cephalum_, n. sp., × 300 1171 Fig. 11. _Carpocanistrum evacuatum_, n. sp., × 400 1172 Fig. 12. _Carpocanium verecundum_, n. sp., × 400 1284 Vertical section through the top of the shell. Fig. 13. _Carpocanium verecundum_, n. sp., × 400 1284 Fig. 14. _Carpocanium irregulare_, n. sp., × 400 1284 Fig. 15. _Carpocanium hexagonale_, n. sp., × 400 1282 Fig. 16. _Carpocanium peristomium_, n. sp., × 500 1283 Fig. 17. _Carpocanium peristomium_, n. sp., × 500 1283 Vertical section. Fig. 18. _Carpocanium trepanium_, n. sp., × 600 1282 Peristome. Fig. 19. _Carpocanium petalospyris_, n. sp., × 300 1283 Fig. 20. _Carpocanium virgineum_, n. sp., × 600 1285 Fig. 21. _Tripodiscium sphærocephalum_, n. sp., × 400 1144 Fig. 22. _Tripodiscium tristylospyris_, n. sp. (vel _Tristylospyris tripodiscium_), × 600 1143 Fig. 23. _Tripodiscium ramosum_, n. sp. (vel _Tristylospyris ramosa_), × 600 1144 [Illustration: 1.-8. CYRTOCALPIS, 9.-20. CARPOCANIUM, 21.-23. TRIPODISCIUM.] PLATE 53. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Orders SPYROIDEA ET CYRTOIDEA. Families ZYGOSPYRIDA, TRIPOCALPIDA, PHÆNOCALPIDA et CYRTOCALPIDA. Fig. 1. _Archicapsa triforis_, n. sp., × 300 1191 Lateral view. Fig. 2. _Archicapsa triforis_, n. sp., × 300 1191 Basal view. Fig. 3. _Halicapsa triglochin_, n. sp., × 200 1190 Lateral view. Fig. 4. _Halicapsa triglochin_, n. sp., × 200 1191 Basal view. Fig. 5. _Halicapsa hystrix_, n. sp., × 200 1191 Lateral view. Fig. 6. _Halicapsa hystrix_, n. sp., × 200 1191 Basal view. Fig. 7. _Cantharospyris platybursa_, n. sp. (vel _Platybursa compressa_), × 400 1051 Fig. 8. _Tessarospyris clathrobursa_, n. sp. (vel _Clathrobursa dictyopus_), × 400 1045 Fig. 9. _Peridium spinipes_, n. sp., × 500 1154 Fig. 10. _Peridium palmipes_, n. sp., × 500 1154 Fig. 11. _Archiscenium quadrispinum_, n. sp., × 500 1150 In the spherical central capsule the dark nucleus is visible. Fig. 12. _Euscenium eucolpium_, n. sp., × 500 1147 Fig. 13. _Cladoscenium ancoratum_, n. sp., × 400 1149 Fig. 14. _Pteroscenium pinnatum_, n. sp., × 400 1152 Lateral view. Fig. 15. _Pteroscenium pinnatum_, n. sp., × 400 1152 Vertical section. Fig. 16. _Pteroscenium pinnatum_, n. sp., × 400 1152 Basal view. Fig. 17. _Calpophæna hexarrhabda_, n. sp., × 400 1176 Fig. 18. _Calpophæna hexarrhabda_, n. sp., × 400 1176 Basal plate. Fig. 19. _Tetraspyris tetracorethra_, n. sp., × 400 1044 With the four-lobed central capsule, in each lobe an oil-globule. Fig. 20. _Tetraspyris tetracorethra_, n. sp., × 800 1044 Shell more enlarged. [Illustration: 1. 2. ARCHICAPSA, 3.-6. HALICAPSA, 7. PLATYBURSA, 8. CLATHROBURSA, 9. 10. ARCHIPERA, 11. 12. ARCHISCENIUM, 13. CLADOSCENIUM, 14.-16. PTEROSCENIUM, 17. 18. ACROCORONA, 19. 20. TETRACORETHRA.] PLATE 54. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PHÆNOCALPIDA, CYRTOCALPIDA, ANTHOCYRTIDA et SETHOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Bathropyramis quadrata_, n. sp., × 300 1159 Fig. 2. _Sethopyramis quadrata_, n. sp., × 300 1254 Fig. 3. _Bathropyramis trapezoides_, n. sp., × 300 1160 Fig. 4. _Bathropyramis ramosa_, n. sp., × 300 1161 Fig. 5. _Peripyramis circumtexta_, n. sp., × 300 1162 Fig. 6. _Plectopyramis dodecomma_, n. sp., × 400 1258 Fig. 7. _Cinclopyramis infundibulum_, n. sp., × 300 1161 Fig. 8. _Plectopyramis trapezomma_, n. sp., × 400 1258 Fig. 9. _Cornutella hexagona_, n. sp., × 400 1180 Fig. 10. _Cornutella sethoconus_, n. sp., × 400 1180 Fig. 11. _Sethoconus orthoceras_, n. sp., × 400 1294 Fig. 12. _Sethoconus bimarginatus_, n. sp., × 400 1295 [Illustration: 1.-4. BATHROPYRAMIS, 5. PERIPYRAMIS, 6.-8. CINCLOPYRAMIS, 9.-12. CORNUTELLA.] PLATE 55. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PHÆNOCALPIDA, ANTHOCYRTIDA et SETHOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Sethoconus facetus_, n. sp. (vel _Phlebarachnium facetum_), × 300 1296 Upper part of the shell. Fig. 2. _Sethoconus venosus_, n. sp. (vel _Phlebarachnium venosum_), × 250 1297 Shell including the four-lobed central capsule. Fig. 3. _Sethophormis aurelia_, n. sp. (vel _Leptarachnium aurelia_), × 100 1248 Shell seen from above. Fig. 4. _Sethophormis aurelia_, n. sp., × 400 1248 Cephalis more enlarged, with the enclosed four-lobed central capsule. Fig. 5. _Cladarachnium ramosum_, n. sp., × 300 1165 Apical view. Fig. 6. _Cladarachnium ramosum_, n. sp., × 70 1165 Lateral view. Fig. 7. _Bathropyramis interrupta_, n. sp., × 300 1160 Apical part of the shell, from above. Fig. 8. _Litharachnium araneosum_, n. sp., × 300 1163 Apical part of the shell, from above. Fig. 9. _Litharachnium epeira_, n. sp., × 500 1164 Oblique view of the shell. Fig. 10. _Litharachnium araneosum_, n. sp., × 50 1163 Lateral view. Fig. 11. _Periarachnium periplectum_, n. sp., × 500 1297 Shell enclosing the trilobed central capsule. [Illustration: 1. 2. PHLEBARACHNIUM, 3. 4. LEPTARACHNIUM, 5.-10. LITHARACHNIUM, 11. PERIARACHNIUM.] PLATE 56. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families TRIPOCYRTIDA, ANTHOCYRTIDA et SETHOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Lithomelissa bütschlii,_ n. sp. (vel _Sethomelissa bütschlii_), × 400 1207 Fig. 2. _Lithomelissa decacantha,_ n. sp. (vel _Sethomelissa decacantha_), × 400 1208 Fig. 3. _Psilomelissa calvata,_ n. sp., × 400 1209 The cephalis alone, with the three collar beams. Fig. 4. _Lychnodictyum scaphopodium,_ n. sp., × 400 1231 Fig. 5. _Sethophormis pentalactis,_ n. sp. (vel _Pentaphormis pentalactis_), × 400 1244 Oblique view of the shell, from below. Fig. 6. _Sethophormis hexalactis,_ n. sp. (vel _Hexaphormis hexalactis_), × 400 1245 Central part of the shell, with the cortinar septum. Fig. 7. _Sethopyramis enneactis,_ n. sp. (vel _Cephalopyramis enneactis_), × 400 1254 Fig. 8. _Plectopyramis polypleura,_ n. sp. (vel _Sethopyramis polypleura_), × 200 1260 Fig. 9. _Sethophormis eupilium,_ n. sp. (vel _Craspedilium eupilium_), × 400 1247 Fig. 10. _Plectopyramis spongiosa,_ n. sp. (vel _Spongopyramis spongiosa_), × 400 1261 Fig. 11. _Arachnocorys araneosa,_ n. sp., × 500 1266 Fig. 12. _Sethophormis dodecaster,_ n. sp. (vel _Astrophormis dodecaster_), × 200 1248 Fig. 13. _Sethocephalus eucecryphalus,_ n. sp., × 400 1298 [Illustration: 1. 2. SETHOMELISSA, 3. 4. PSILOMELISSA, 5. PENTAPHORMIS, 6. HEXAPHORMIS, 7. CEPHALOPYRAMIS, 8. 9. SETHOPYRAMIS, 10. PLECTOPYRAMIS, 11. 12. ARACHNOCORYS, 13. SETHOCEPHALUS.] PLATE 57. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families TRIPOCYRTIDA, ANTHOCYRTIDA et SETHOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Dicolocapsa microcephala_, n. sp., × 400 1312 Fig. 2. _Sethocapsa pyriformis_, n. sp., × 300 1310 Fig. 3. _Lithopera ananassa_, n. sp., × 500 1234 Fig. 4. _Sethamphora favosa_, n. sp. (vel _Cryptoprora favosa_), × 400 1252 Fig. 5. _Sethamphora microstoma_, n. sp. (vel _Cryptoprora microstoma_), × 300 1252 Fig. 6. _Clistophæna hexolena_, n. sp., × 300 1287 Fig. 7. _Clistophæna armata_, n. sp., × 300 1288 Fig. 8. _Clathromitra pterophormis_, n. sp., × 400 1219 Fig. 9. _Sethophormis rotula_, n. sp. (vel _Enneaphormis rotula_), × 400 1246 Fig. 10. _Dictyophimus sphærocephalus_, n. sp., × 400 1195 Fig. 11. _Peromelissa phalacra_, n. sp., × 400 1236 Fig. 12. _Peromelissa calva_, n. sp., × 300 1237 Fig. 13. _Sethochytris triconiscus_, n. sp., × 300 1239 Fig. 14. _Micromelissa bombus_, n. sp., × 300 1235 [Illustration: 1. SETHOCAPSA, 2. 3. LITHOPERA, 4. 5. CRYPTOPRORA, 6. 7. SETHOPHATNA, 8. PTEROPHORMIS, 9. ENNEAPHORMIS, 10. DICTYOPHIMUS, 11. 12. PEROMELISSA, 13. SETHOCHYTRIS, 14. SETHOPERA.] PLATE 58. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families TRIPOCYRTIDA, SETHOCYRTIDA, PHORMOCYRTIDA et THEOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Cecryphalium sestrodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1399 Apical view. Fig. 2. _Cecryphalium lamprodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1398 Apical view. Fig. 3. _Clathrocyclas coscinodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1389 Apical view. Fig. 4. _Clathrocyclas coscinodiscus_, n. sp., × 700 1389 The cephalis alone, with the two horns. Fig. 5. _Clathrocyclas semeles_, n. sp., × 400 1388 Lateral view. Fig. 6. _Sethoconus capreolus_, n. sp., × 400 1291 Lateral view. Fig. 7. _Lampromitra quadricuspis_, n. sp., × 400 1214 Apical view. Fig. 8. _Lampromitra furcata_, n. sp., × 400 1215 The collar septum after removal of the cephalis. Fig. 9. _Lampromitra dendrocorona_, n. sp., × 400 1216 Apical view. [Illustration: 1. 2. CECRYPHALIUM, 3.-6. EUCECRYPHALUS. 7.-9. LAMPROMITRA.] PLATE 59. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families TRIPOCYRTIDA, PODOCYRTIDA et PHORMOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Lampromitra huxleyi_, n. sp., × 400 1215 Fig. 2. _Amphiplecta callistoma_, n. sp., × 400 1224 Fig. 3. _Corocalyptra agnesæ_, n. sp., × 400 1323 Fig. 4. _Corocalyptra emmæ_, n. sp., × 400 1323 The shell encloses the trilobate central capsule, with the trilobate nucleus. Fig. 5. _Clathrocyclas cassiopejæ_, n. sp., × 400 1390 Fig. 6. _Clathrocyclas alcmenæ_, n. sp., × 400 1388 Fig. 7. _Clathrocyclas latonæ_, n. sp., × 400 1389 Apical view. Fig. 8. _Diplocylas bicorona_, n. sp., × 400 1392 Fig. 9. _Clathrocyclas ionis_, n. sp., × 400 1389 Fig. 10. _Corocalyptra elisabethæ_, n. sp., × 400 1323 Oblique apical view of the shell, with the quadrilobate central capsule enclosed. Fig. 11. _Clathrocyclas europæ_, n. sp., × 400 1388 Apical view of the shell, after removal of the cephalis. Fig. 12. _Clathrocyclas europæ_, n. sp., × 400 1388 Central capsule, seen from above, with the quadrilobate nucleus. Fig. 13. _Clathrocyclas danaës_, n. sp., × 300 1388 Vertical section through the cephalis and the quadrilobate central capsule, with the quadrilobate nucleus. Fig. 14. _Clathrocyclas danaës_, n. sp., × 300 1388 Apical view of the shell. [Illustration: 1.-10. EUCECRYPHALUS, 11.-14. CECRYPHALIUM.] PLATE 60. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family TRIPOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Dictyophimus cienkowskii_, n. sp. (vel _Lamprotripus squarrosus_), × 300 1200 Shell seen from the side. Fig. 2. _Dictyophimus bütschlii_, n. sp. (vel _Lamprotripus horridus_), × 300 1201 Fig. 3. _Dictyophimus hertwigii_, n. sp. (vel _Lamprotripus spinosus_), × 400 1201 The cephalis of the shell includes the central capsule, with three lobes depending in the pyramidal thorax. Fig. 4. _Dictyophimus platycephalus_, n. sp., × 400 1198 Central capsule with four thoracic lobes, each of which contains an oil-globule; kidney-shaped nucleus in the cephalic lobe. Fig. 5. _Dictyophimus platycephalus_, n. sp., × 400 1198 Shell seen from the side. Fig. 6. _Dictyophimus brandtii_, n. sp., × 300 1198 Shell seen from the base, with the four large pores of the collar septum, two minor jugular and two major cardinal pores. Fig. 7. _Lampromitra coronata_, n. sp., × 400 1214 Shell seen from below, with the quadrilobate central capsule. Fig. 7_a_. A portion of the shell-margin, × 800 1214 Fig. 8. _Lampromitra arborescens_, n. sp., × 400 1216 Shell from above. Fig. 8_a_. The collar septum with the four crossed rods of the cortina, × 400 1216 Fig. 9. _Tripocyrtis plectaniscus_, n. sp., × 400 1202 Fig. 10. _Tripocyrtis plagoniscus_, n. sp., × 400 1201 [Illustration: 1.-6. LAMPROTRIPUS, 7.-10. LAMPROMITRA.] PLATE 61. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family TRIPOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Dictyophimus cortina_, n. sp., × 400 1197 Fig. 2. _Lychnocanium pudicum_, n. sp., × 200 1230 Fig. 3. _Dictyophimus longipes_, n. sp., × 400 1197 Fig. 4. _Lychnocanium clavigerum_, n. sp., × 300 1230 Fig. 5. _Dictyophimus lasanum_, n. sp., × 300 1197 Fig. 6. _Lychnocanium favosum_, n. sp., × 300 1225 Fig. 7. _Lychnocanium lanterna_, n. sp., × 300 1224 Fig. 8. _Dictyophimus plectaniscus_, n. sp., × 300 1196 Apical view. Fig. 9. _Dictyophimus plectaniscus_, n. sp., × 300 1196 Lateral view. Fig. 10. _Lychnocanium fenestratum_, n. sp., × 400 1228 Fig. 11. _Lychnocanium pyriforme_, n. sp., × 300 1225 Fig. 12. _Lychnocanium fortipes_, n. sp., × 300 1227 Fig. 13. _Lychnocanium tuberosum_, n. sp., × 300 1227 Fig. 14. _Lychnocanium nodosum_, n. sp., × 300 1225 Fig. 15. _Lychnocanium sigmopodium_, n. sp., × 400 1228 Fig. 16. _Dictyophimus pyramis_, n. sp., × 300 1196 Fig. 17. _Dictyophimus triserratus_, n. sp., × 300 1200 [Illustration: LYCHNOCANIUM] PLATE 62. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families ANTHOCYRTIDA, SETHOCYRTIDA et PHORMOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Dictyocephalus australis_, n. sp., × 300 1306 Fig. 2. _Dictyocephalus mediterraneus_, n. sp., × 300 1307 Fig. 3. _Sethamphora costata_, n. sp. (vel _Dictyocephalus costatus_), × 300 1251 Fig. 4. _Dictyocephalus amphora_, n. sp., × 400 1305 Fig. 5. _Cycladophora (?) favosa_, n. sp. (an _Dictyocephalus?_), × 400 1380 Fig. 6. _Cycladophora (?) favosa_, n. sp. (an _Dictyocephalus?_), × 400 1380 A variety with obliterated ribs (?). Fig. 7. _Dictyocephalus globiceps_, n. sp., × 400 1308 Fig. 8. _Sethocorys achillis_, n. sp., × 400 1301 Fig. 9. _Sethocyrtis oxycephalis_, n. sp., × 400 1299 Fig. 10. _Sethocorys odysseus_, n. sp., × 400 1302 Fig. 11. _Sethocyrtis agamemnonis_, n. sp., × 300 1300 Seen from above (apical view). Fig. 11A. _Sethocyrtis agamemnonis_, n. sp., × 300 1300 Seen from above, after removal of the cephalis. Fig. 12. _Anthocyrtium pyrum_, n. sp., × 400 1276 Fig. 13. _Anthocyrtis ovata_, n. sp., × 300 1272 Fig. 14. _Anthocyrtium chrysanthemum_, n. sp × 400 1272 Fig. 15. _Anthocyrtidium ligularia_, n. sp., × 400 1278 Fig. 16. _Anthocyrtidium cineraria_, n. sp., × 400 1278 Fig. 17. _Anthocyrtium campanula_, n. sp., × 400 1274 Fig. 18. _Anthocyrtium doronicum_, n. sp., × 300 1276 Fig. 19. _Anthocyrtium flosculus_, n. sp., × 300 1277 Fig. 20. _Anthocyrtium adonis_, n. sp., × 300 1273 Fig. 21. _Sethoconus anthocyrtis_, n. sp. (vel _Anthocyrtium sethoconium_), × 300 1296 [Illustration: 1.-7. DICTYOCEPHALUS, 8.-11. LOPHOPHAENA, 12.-21. ANTHOCYRTIS.] PLATE 63. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family TRIPOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Callimitra carolotæ_, n. sp., × 400 1217 Lateral view. Fig. 2. _Callimitra annæ_, n. sp., × 400 1217 Dorsal view. Fig. 3. _Callimitra emmæ_, n. sp., × 300 1218 Lateral view. Fig. 4. _Callimitra emmæ_, n. sp., × 400 1218 Cephalis alone, with the enclosed four-lobed central capsule, and the internal four divergent beams; surrounded by some scattered xanthellæ. Fig. 5. _Callimitra agnesæ_, n. sp., × 400 1217 Dorsal view. Fig. 6. _Callimitra elisabethæ_, n. sp., × 400 1218 Lateral view. Fig. 7. _Callimitra carolotæ_, n. sp., × 200 1217 Seen from above (from the apical pole). Fig. 8. _Callimitra carolotæ_, n. sp., × 200 1217 Seen from below (from the basal pole). [Illustration: CALLIMITRA.] PLATE 64. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families TRIPOCYRTIDA et PODOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Clathrocanium sphærocephalum_, n. sp., × 600 1211 Fig. 2. _Clathrocanium diadema_, n. sp., × 600 1212 Fig. 3. _Clathrocanium triomma_, n. sp., × 600 1211 Fig. 4. _Clathrocanium reginæ_, n. sp., × 600 1212 Fig. 5. _Clathrolychnus araneosus_, n. sp., × 600 1240 Fig. 6. _Clathrolychnus periplectus_, n. sp., × 600 1241 Fig. 7. _Pteropilium clathrocanium_, n. sp., × 400 1327 Fig. 8. _Clathrocorys murrayi_, n. sp., × 600 1219 Fig. 9. _Clathrocorys giltschii_, n. sp., × 600 1220 Fig. 10. _Clathrocorys teuscheri_, n. sp., × 600 1220 [Illustration: 1.-4. CLATHROCANIUM, 5.-7. CLATHROLYCHNUS, 8.-10. CLATHROCORYS.] PLATE 65. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family PHORMOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Alacorys friderici_, n. sp. (vel _Hexalacorys friderici_), × 400 1372 The central capsule, enclosed in the fenestrated shell, exhibits in its lower half four large club-shaped lobes, each of which includes in its upper part a large oil-globule. The uppermost, undivided part of the capsule includes the nucleus, which protrudes four small nuclear lobes through the four holes of the cortinar septum into the thorax. Numerous long pseudopodia arise from the granular sarcomatrix, which the capsule surrounds, and pass through the pores of the siliceous shell. Fig. 2. _Alacorys guilelmi_, n. sp. (vel _Hexalacorys guilelmi_), × 300 1372 Fig. 3. _Alacorys bismarckii_, n. sp. (vel _Pentalacorys bismarckii_), × 200 1372 Fig. 4. _Alacorys lutheri_, n. sp. (vel _Tetralacorys lutheri_), × 400 1370 Fig. 5. _Cycladophora goetheana_, n. sp. (vel _Lampterium goetheanum_), × 300 1376 [Illustration: 1. 2. HEXALACORYS, 3. PENTALACORYS, 4. TETRALACORYS, 5. THEOPHORMIS.] PLATE 66. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family THEOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Tricolocapsa theophrasti_, n. sp., × 400 1432 Fig. 2. _Tricolocapsa schleidenii_, n. sp., × 300 1433 Fig. 3. _Tricolocapsa dioscoridis_, n. sp., × 300 1432 Fig. 4. _Tricolocapsa decandollei_, n. sp., × 300 1433 Fig. 5. _Tricolocapsa linnæi_, n. sp., × 400 1432 Fig. 6. _Theocapsa aristotelis_, n. sp., × 300 1427 Fig. 7. _Theocapsa mülleri_, n. sp., × 400 1431 Fig. 8. _Theocapsa democriti_, n. sp., × 400 1427 Fig. 9. _Theocapsa forskalii_, n. sp., × 400 1429 Fig. 10. _Theocapsa cuvieri_, n. sp., × 400 1430 Fig. 11. _Theocapsa wottonis_, n. sp., × 400 1428 Fig. 12. _Theocapsa darwinii_, n. sp., × 300 1431 Fig. 13. _Theocapsa linnæi_, n. sp., × 400 1429 Fig. 14. _Theocapsa wolffii_, n. sp., × 400 1429 Fig. 15. _Theocapsa malpighii_, n. sp., × 400 1428 Fig. 16. _Theocapsa lamarckii_, n. sp., × 400 1430 Fig. 17. _Tricolocampe amphizona_, n. sp., × 400 1413 Fig. 18. _Theocampe collaris_, n. sp., × 300 1425 Fig. 19. _Tricolocampe polyzona_, n. sp., × 400 1412 Fig. 20. _Tricolocampe stenozona_, n. sp., × 400 1413 Fig. 21. _Tricolocampe cylindrica_, n. sp., × 300 1412 Fig. 22. _Tricolocampe urnula_, n. sp., × 400 1422 Fig. 23. _Theocampe stenostoma_, n. sp., × 300 1423 Fig. 24. _Theocampe costata_, n. sp., × 300 1424 Fig. 25. _Theocampe sphærothorax_, n. sp., × 300 1424 [Illustration: 1.-5. TRICOLOCAPSA, 6.-16. TRICOLOPERA, 17.-25. TRICOLOCAMPE.] PLATE 67. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family PODOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Lithornithium falco_, n. sp., × 400 1355 Fig. 2. _Lithornithium fringilla_, n. sp., × 400 1355 Fig. 3. _Lithornithium ciconia_, n. sp., × 400 1354 Fig. 4. _Lithornithium trochilus_, n. sp., × 400 1355 Fig. 5. _Theopera fusiformis_, n. sp., × 400 1357 Fig. 6. _Theopera chytropus_, n. sp., × 400 1358 Fig. 7. _Theopera prismatica_, n. sp., × 300 1357 Fig. 8. _Theopera cortina_, n. sp., × 400 1358 Fig. 9. _Rhopalocanium delphicum_, n. sp., × 400 1360 Fig. 10. _Rhopalocanium lasanum_, n. sp., × 300 1359 Fig. 11. _Lithochytris lanterna_, n. sp., × 300 1364 Fig. 12. _Lithochytris cortina_, n. sp., × 300 1362 Fig. 13. _Lithochytris pyriformis_, n. sp., × 400 1362 Fig. 14. _Lithochytris lucerna_, n. sp., × 300 1364 Fig. 15. _Lithochytris pteropus_, n. sp., × 300 1364 Fig. 16. _Lithochytris galeata_, n. sp., × 400 1363 [Illustration: 1.-5. LITHORNITHIUM, 6.-10. RHOPALOCANIUM, 11.-16. LITHOCHYTRIS.] PLATE 68. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PODOCYRTIDA, PHORMOCYRTIDA et THEOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Axocorys macroceros_, n. sp., × 300 1420 Fig. 1_a_. The internal axial rod of the shell, which bears on its basal part three verticils of three diverging forked spines, × 300 Fig. 2. _Cycladophora fenestrata_, n. sp., × 300 1380 Fig. 3. _Cycladophora pantheon_, n. sp., × 400 1379 Fig. 4. _Theosyringium tibia_, n. sp., × 300 1409 Fig. 5. _Theosyringium pipetta_, n. sp., × 200 1409 Fig. 6. _Pterocorys tubulosa_, n. sp., × 400 1319 Fig. 7. _Pterocanium pyramis_, n. sp., × 400 1330 Fig. 8. _Thyrsocyrtis rhizopodium_, n. sp., × 300 1351 Fig. 9. _Thyrsocyrtis arborescens_, n. sp., × 400 1350 Fig. 10. _Rhopalatractus foveolatus_, n. sp., × 400 1361 Fig. 11. _Rhopalatractus pentacanthus_, n. sp., × 300 1361 Fig. 12. _Rhopalatractus fenestratus_, n. sp. (vel _Dictyatractus fenestratus_), × 300 1361 Fig. 13. _Hexalatractus fusiformis_, n. sp., × 300 1391 Fig. 14. _Sethornithium dictyopterum_, n. sp., × 300 1356 The trilobate central capsule, which contains in its uppermost part the trilobate nucleus, and in the basal part of each lobe an oil-globule. Fig. 15. _Lophocyrtis synapta_, n. sp., × 300 1411 The quadrilobate central capsule, which contains in its uppermost part the quadrilobate nucleus, and in the basal part of each lobe an oil-globule. [Illustration: 1. AXOCORYS, 2. 3. CYCLADOPHORA, 4. 5. THEOSYRINGIUM, 6. PTEROSYRINGIUM, 7. PTEROCANIUM, 8. 9. THYRSOCYRTIS, 10. 11. RHOPALATRACTUS, 12. DICTYATRACTUS, 13. HEXALATRACTUS] PLATE 69. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PHORMOCYRTIDA et THEOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Theocorys plutonis_, n. sp., × 400 1416 Fig. 2. _Lophoconus rhinoceros_, n. sp., × 400 1405 Fig. 3. _Theocorys apollinis_, n. sp., × 300 1418 Fig. 4. _Theoconus jovis_, n. sp., × 400 1401 Fig. 5. _Theocorys veneris_, n. sp., × 300 1415 Fig. 6. _Phormocyrtis costata_, n. sp., × 300 1369 Fig. 7. _Theoconus junonis_, n. sp., × 300 1401 Fig. 8. _Theocyrtis ptychodes_, n. sp., × 400 1408 Fig. 9. _Lophocorys astrocephala_, n. sp., × 300 1421 Fig. 10. _Theocorys obliqua_, n. sp., × 400 1417 Fig. 11. _Theocorys dianæ_, n. sp., × 400 1416 Fig. 12. Lophocorys bovicornis, n. sp., × 300 1422 Fig. 13. Theocyrtis macroceros, n. sp., × 400 1407 Fig. 14. _Theocorys minervæ_, n. sp., × 300 1419 Fig. 15. _Phormocyrtis longicornis_, n. sp., × 400 1370 Fig. 16. _Theocorys ovata_, n. sp., × 300 1416 [Illustration: THEOCORYS] PLATE 70. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families ANTHOCYRTIDA, PODOCYRTIDA, PHORMOCYRTIDA et THEOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Theophormis callipilium_, n. sp., × 300 1367 Fig. 2. _Theophormis callipilium_, n. sp., × 300 1367 The four cruciate rods of the cortinar septum and the vertical columella in its centre. Fig. 3. _Theophormis callipilium_, n. sp., × 400 1367 The cephalis alone with the enclosed quadrilobate central capsule, which is surrounded by numerous xanthellæ. Fig. 4. _Sethophormis umbrella_, n. sp., × 150 1248 Fig. 5. _Sethophormis umbrella_, n. sp., × 400 1248 Cephalis with the cruciform cortinar septum. Fig. 6. _Theopilium tricostatum_, n. sp., × 400 1322 Seen from above. Fig. 7. _Phrenocodon clathrostomium_, n. sp., × 250 1434 Vertical section through the shell. Fig. 8. _Phrenocodon clathrostomium_, n. sp., × 500 1434 Shell seen half from below, and exhibiting the fenestrated septum between thorax and abdomen. Fig. 9. _Pteropilium stratiotes_, n. sp., × 400 1326 Fig. 10. _Pteropilium stratiotes_, n. sp., × 400 1326 The three rods of the cortinar septum and the three arches connecting them with the central axial columella. Fig. 11. _Pterocodon ornatus_, n. sp., × 300 1333 Fig. 12. _Theophæna corona_, n. sp., × 300 1394 [Illustration: 1.-5. THEOPHORMIS, 6. THEOPILIUM, 7.-8. CLATHROSTOMIUM, 9.-10. PTEROPILIUM, 11. PTEROCODON, 12. THEOPHATNA.] PLATE 71. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family PODOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Pterocorys rhinoceros_, n. sp., × 400 1320 Fig. 2. _Pterocorys columba_, n. sp., × 400 1317 Fig. 3. _Pterocorys campanula_, n. sp., × 400 1316 Fig. 4. _Pterocorys hirundo_, n. sp., × 300 1318 Fig. 5. _Pterocorys aquila_, n. sp., × 300 1317 Fig. 6. _Dictyoceras insectum_, n. sp., × 400 1324 Fig. 7. _Dictyoceras insectum_, n. sp., × 400 1324 Seen from the apex. Fig. 8. _Dictyoceras formica_, n. sp., × 400 1325 Fig. 9. _Dictyoceras melitta_, n. sp., × 400 1325 Seen from the apex. Fig. 10. _Dictyoceras bombus_, n. sp., × 400 1325 Fig. 11. _Dictyocodon annasethe_, n. sp., × 400 1334 Fig. 12. _Dictyocodon palladius_, n. sp., × 300 1335 Fig. 13. _Dictyocodon palladius_, n. sp., × 600 1335 Apical part of the shell alone. Fig. 14. _Dictyocodon carolotæ_, n. sp., × 300 1335 [Illustration: 1.-5. PTEROCORYS, 6.-10. DICTYOCERAS, 11.-14. DICTYOCODON.] PLATE 72. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family PODOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Podocyrtis prismatica_, n. sp., × 300 1340 Fig. 2. _Podocyrtis corythæola_, n. sp., × 300 1339 Fig. 3. _Podocyrtis lithoconus_, n. sp., × 300 1348 Fig. 4. _Podocyrtis tripodiscus_, n. sp., × 300 1338 Fig. 5. _Podocyrtis magnifica_, n. sp., × 500 1341 Fig. 6. _Podocyrtis divergens_, n. sp., × 400 1340 Fig. 7. _Podocyrtis cristata_, n. sp., × 400 1342 Fig. 8. _Podocyrtis pedicellaria_, n. sp., × 300 1347 Fig. 9. _Podocyrtis flosculata_, n. sp., × 500 1341 Fig. 10. _Podocyrtis surena_, n. sp., × 400 1339 [Illustration: PODOCYRTIS.] PLATE 73. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PODOCYRTIDA et PHORMOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Pterocanium tricolpum_, n. sp., × 400 1331 Fig. 2. _Pterocanium orcinum_, n. sp., × 400 1329 Fig. 3. _Pterocanium gravidum_, n. sp., × 400 1329 Fig. 4. _Pterocanium eucolpum_, n. sp., × 400 1332 Fig. 5. _Pterocanium bicorne_, n. sp., × 400 1332 Fig. 6. _Pterocanium virgineum_, n. sp., × 400 1330 Fig. 7. _Dictyopodium thyrsolophus_, n. sp., × 300 1354 Fig. 8. _Dictyopodium scaphopodium_, n. sp., × 300 1353 Fig. 9. _Calocyclas monumentum_, n. sp., × 400 1385 Fig. 10. _Calocyclas casta_, n. sp., × 400 1384 [Illustration: 1.-8. DICTYOPODIUM, 9. 10. LAMPROCYCLAS.] PLATE 74. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family PHORMOCYRTIDA. Fig. 1. _Calocyclas parthenia_, n. sp., × 400 1385 Fig. 2. _Calocyclas amicæ_, n. sp., × 400 1382 Fig. 3. _Calocyclas vestalis_, n. sp., × 400 1382 Fig. 4. _Calocyclas virginis_, n. sp., × 300 1381 Fig. 5. _Calocyclas veneris_, n. sp., × 300 1381 Fig. 6. _Clathrocyclas basilea_, n. sp. (vel _Calocyclas basilea_), × 400 1386 Fig. 7. _Clathrocyclas principessa_, n. sp. (vel _Calocyclas principessa_), × 400 1386 Fig. 8. _Clathrocyclas collaris_, n. sp. (vel _Calocyclas collaris_), × 400 1387 Fig. 9. _Alacorys carcinus_, n. sp. (vel _Calocyclas carcinus_), × 300 1375 Fig. 10. _Lamprocyclas deflorata_, n. sp., × 200 1391 Fig. 11. _Lamprocyclas reginæ_, n. sp., × 400 1391 Fig. 12. _Lamprocyclas reginæ_, n. sp., × 800 1391 Two meshes of the network. Fig. 13. _Lamprocyclas maritalis_, n. sp., × 400 1390 Fig. 14. _Lamprocyclas maritalis_, n. sp., × 400 1390 Vertical section. Fig. 15. _Lamprocyclas nuptialis_, n. sp., × 400 1390 Fig. 16. _Lamprocyclas saltatricis_, n. sp., × 400 1391 [Illustration: 1.-9. CALOCYCLAS, 10.-16. LAMPROCYCLAS.] PLATE 75. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PODOCAMPIDA et PHORMOCAMPIDA. Fig. 1. _Artopilium elegans_, n. sp. (vel _Trictenartus elegans_), × 200 1440 Fig. 2. _Artophormis horrida_, n. sp., × 300 1458 Fig. 3. _Cyrtopera thoracoptera_, n. sp. (vel _Artopera thoracoptera_), × 300 1450 Fig. 4. _Stichophæna ærostatica_, n. sp. (vel _Artophæna ærostatica_), × 400 1463 Fig. 5. _Cyrtophormis turricula_, n. sp., × 300 1463 Fig. 6. _Stichopodium dictyopodium_, n. sp., × 400 1447 Fig. 7. _Artopilium trifenestra_, n. sp. (vel _Clathropyrgus trifenestra_), × 500 1441 Fig. 8. _Artopilium stichopterygium_, n. sp., × 400 1442 Fig. 9. _Stichophormis cornutella_, n. sp., × 400 1455 Fig. 10. _Cyrtopera laguncula_, n. sp. (vel _Cyrtolagena laguncula_), × 400 1451 Fig. 11. _Stichopera pectinata_, n. sp., × 500 1449 Fig. 12. _Stichophæna ritteriana_, n. sp., × 400 1465 [Illustration: 1. ARTOPILIUM, 2. ARTOPHORMIS, 3. ARTOPERA, 4. ARTOPHATNA, 5 STICHOCORYS, 6. STICHOPODIUM, 7. CLATHROPYRGUS, 8. STICHOPTERYGIUM, 9. STICHOPHORMIS, 10. CYRTOLAGENA, 11. STICHOPERA, 12. STICHOPHATNA.] PLATE 76. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PHORMOCAMPIDA et LITHOCAMPIDA. Fig. 1. _Stichocapsa pentacola_, n. sp., × 400 1517 Fig. 2. _Stichocapsa hexacola_, n. sp., × 400 1517 Fig. 3. _Stichocapsa compacta, n_. sp., × 400 1517 Fig. 4. _Stichocapsa paniscus_, n. sp., × 400 1518 Fig. 5. _Artocapsa fusiformis_, n. sp., × 400 1519 Fig. 6. _Stichophæna nonaria_, n. sp., × 200 1466 Fig. 7. _Stichophæna novena_, n. sp., × 400 1466 Fig. 8. _Artocapsa elegans_, n. sp., × 400 1520 Fig. 9. _Cyrtocapsa chrysalidium_, n. sp., × 400 1515 Fig. 10. _Artocapsa spinosa_, n. sp., × 400 1519 Fig. 11. _Spirocampe callispira_, n. sp., × 300 1511 Fig. 12. _Spirocampe allospira_, n. sp., × 400 1511 Fig. 13. _Spirocyrtis cornutella_, n. sp., × 400 1509 Fig. 14. _Spirocyrtis scalaris_, n. sp., × 400 1509 Fig. 15. _Spirocyrtis merospira_, n. sp., × 500 1510 Fig. 16. _Spirocyrtis holospira_, n. sp., × 400 1509 Fig. 17. _Spirocyrtis diplospira_, n. sp., × 400 1510 [Illustration: 1.-4. STICHOCAPSA, 5.-10. STICHOPERA, 11. 12. SPIROCAMPE, 13.-17. SPIROCYRTIS.] PLATE 77. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PODOCAMPIDA, PHORMOCAMPIDA et LITHOCAMPIDA. Fig. 1. _Lithocampe ovata_, n. sp., × 500 1504 Fig. 2. _Lithocampe urceolata_, n. sp., × 400 1507 Fig. 3. _Lithocampe diploconus_, n. sp., × 400 1505 Fig. 4. _Dictyomitra eurythorax_, n. sp., × 300 1477 Fig. 5. _Eucyrtidium teuscheri_, n. sp., × 400 1491 Fig. 6. _Lithostrobus cornutus_, n. sp., × 400 1474 Fig. 7. _Eucyrtidium bütschlii_, n. sp., × 400 1492 Fig. 8. _Cyrtocapsa compacta_, n. sp., × 300 1512 Fig. 9. _Stichopilium bicorne_, n. sp., × 600 1437 Fig. 10. _Artopilium longicorne_, n. sp., × 500 1440 Fig. 11. _Stichopilium campanulatum_, n. sp., × 400 1438 Fig. 12. _Artopilium cyrtopterum_, n. sp., × 400 1440 Fig. 13. _Phormocampe campanula_, n. sp., × 400 1456 Fig. 14. _Phormocampe eucalyptra_, n. sp., × 300 1457 Fig. 15. _Cyrtophormis corona_, n. sp., × 300 1462 Fig. 16. _Phormocampe lamprocyclas_, n. sp., × 300 1457 Fig. 17. _Cyrtophormis cylindrica_, n. sp., × 300 1461 Fig. 18. _Cyrtophormis cornuta_, n. sp., × 500 1462 [Illustration: 1.-4. LITHOCAMPIUM, 5.-8. EUCYRTIDIUM, 9.-12. PTEROCORYTHIUM, 13.-18. ANTHOCORYS.] PLATE 78. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PHORMOCAMPIDA et LITHOCAMPIDA. Fig. 1. _Stichocapsa tetracola_, n. sp., × 600 1515 Fig. 2. _Stichocapsa tricincta_, n. sp., × 400 1516 Fig. 3. _Stichocapsa quadrigata_, n. sp., × 400 1515 Fig. 4. _Stichocapsa monstrosa_, n. sp., × 400 1517 Fig. 5. _Cyrtocapsa tetrapera_, n. sp., × 300 1512 Fig. 6. _Cyrtocapsa diploconus_, n. sp., × 300 1513 Fig. 7. _Cyrtocapsa fusulus_, n. sp., × 400 1514 Fig. 8. _Cyrtocapsa pyrum_, n. sp., × 400 1513 Fig. 9. _Cyrtocapsa cornuta_, n. sp., × 400 1513 Fig. 10. _Eusyringium conosiphon_, n. sp., × 400 1496 Fig. 11. _Eusyringium pachysiphon_, n. sp., × 400 1496 Fig. 12. _Eusyringium macrosiphon_, n. sp., × 400 1497 Fig. 13. _Eucyrtidium tricinctum_, n. sp., × 400 1494 Fig. 14. _Eucyrtidium armatum_, n. sp., × 400 1495 Fig. 15. _Eucyrtidium ehrenbergii_, n. sp., × 300 1495 Fig. 16. _Eucyrtidium conostoma_, n. sp., × 400 1495 Fig. 17. _Cyrtophormis armata_, n. sp., × 400 1460 Fig. 18. _Cyrtophormis cingulata_, n. sp., × 400 1460 [Illustration: 1-4. TETRACAPSA, 5-9. TETRAPERA, 10-12. EUSYRINGIUM, 13.-18. ACANTHOCYRTE.] PLATE 79. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families PHORMOCAMPIDA et LITHOCAMPIDA. Fig. 1. _Lithomitra nodosaria_, n. sp., × 600 1484 Fig. 2. _Cyrtophormis tabulata_, n. sp., × 400 1166 Fig. 3. _Lithomitra eruca_, n. sp., × 500 1485 Fig. 4. _Lithomitra chrysalis_, n. sp., × 300 1485 Fig. 5. _Lithomitra infundibulum_, n. sp., × 500 1487 Fig. 6. _Lithocampe octocola_, n. sp., × 400 1508 Fig. 7. _Lithocampe hexacola_, n. sp., × 400 1507 Fig. 8. _Lithocampe heptacola_, n. sp., × 400 1508 Fig. 9. _Stichophormis novena_, n. sp., × 400 1455 Fig. 10. _Siphocampe annulosa_, n. sp., × 300 1500 Fig. 11. _Siphocampe erucosa_, n. sp., × 300 1500 Fig. 12. _Siphocampe caminosa_, n. sp., × 400 1500 Fig. 13. _Siphocampe tubulosa_, n. sp., × 400 1500 Fig. 14. _Siphocampe spiralis_, n. sp., × 500 1501 Fig. 15. _Lithostrobus seriatus_, n. sp., × 400 1474 Fig. 16. _Artostrobus articulatus_, n. sp., × 400 1483 Fig. 17. _Lithostrobus lithobotrys_, n. sp., × 400 1475 Fig. 18. _Lithostrobus botryocyrtis_, n. sp., × 400 1475 Fig. 19. _Lithostrobus botryocyrtis_, n. sp., × 400 1475 Vertical section through the cephalis. Fig. 20. _Lithostrobus hexagonalis_, n. sp., × 400 1475 [Illustration: 1.-14. LITHOCAMPE, 15.-20. EUCYRTIS.] PLATE 80. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Family LITHOCAMPIDA. Fig. 1. _Lithostrobus conulus_, n. sp. (vel _Cyrtostrobus conulus_), × 400 1472 Fig. 2. _Lithostrobus cyrtoceras_, n. sp. (vel _Cornustrobus cyrtoceras_), × 400 1470 Fig. 3. _Stichocorys huschkei_, n. sp., × 400 1480 Fig. 4. _Lithostrobus caloceras_, n. sp. (vel _Cornustrobus caloceras_), × 400 1471 Fig. 5. _Stichocorys okenii_, n. sp., × 300 1480 Fig. 6. _Lithostrobus tetrastichus_, n. sp. (vel _Conostrobus tetrastichus_), × 500 1470 Fig. 7. _Stichocorys panderi, n. sp._, × 400 1479 Fig. 8. _Stichocorys baerii_, n. sp., × 400 1479 Fig. 9. _Eucyrtidium cienkowskii_, n. sp., × 400 1493 Fig. 10. _Stichocorys wolffii_, n. sp., × 400 1479 Fig. 11. _Eucyrtidium hexagonatum_, n. sp., × 600 1489 Fig. 12. _Eucyrtidium hertwigii_, n. sp., × 400 1491 Fig. 13. _Eusyringium cannostoma_, n. sp., × 600 1499 Fig. 14. _Eusyringium siphonostoma_, n. sp., × 500 1499 Fig. 15. _Lithostrobus hexastichus_, n. sp. (vel _Artostrobus hexastichus_), × 500 1470 [Illustration: EUCYRTIS.] PLATE 81. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order STEPHOIDEA. Family STEPHANIDA. Fig. 1. _Archicircus primordialis_, n. sp., × 200 942 Fig. 2. _Zygocircus polygonus_, n. sp., × 200 947 Fig. 3. _Zygocircus triquetrus_, n. sp., × 300 947 Fig. 4. _Archicircus hexacanthus_, n. sp., × 300 942 Fig. 5. _Zygocircus acacia_, n. sp., × 300 947 Fig. 6. _Lithocircus crambessa_, n. sp., × 400 944 Fig. 7. _Archicircus rhombus_, n. sp., × 300 942 Fig. 8. _Zygocircus pentagonus_, n. sp., × 300 946 Fig. 9. _Lithocircus quadricornis_, n. sp., × 300 944 Fig. 10. _Dendrocircus arborescens_, n. sp., × 300 949 Fig. 11. _Dendrocircus dodecancistra_, n. sp., × 300 949 Fig. 12. _Archicircus sexangularis_, n. sp., × 300 943 Fig. 13. _Dendrocircus elegans_, n. sp., × 400 949 Fig. 14. _Dendrocircus stalactites_, n. sp., × 400 950 Fig. 15. _Lithocircus decimalis_, n. sp., × 300 944 Fig. 16. _Lithocircus magnificus_, n. sp., × 400 945 The ovate, red-coloured central capsule exhibits in the lower half the striate podoconus, in the upper half four oil-globules, and at the left the kidney-shaped nucleus. Numerous "yellow cells" or xanthellæ are scattered in the calymma, which contains brown pigment around the porochora. Numerous pseudopodia radiate from the supporting spines of the sagittal ring. Fig. 17. _Lithocircus hexablastus_, n. sp., × 400 944 [Illustration: 1.-8. LITHOCIRCUS, 9.-17. DENDROCIRCUS.] PLATE 82. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order STEPHOIDEA. Families CORONIDA et TYMPANIDA. Fig. 1. _Coronidium cervicorne_, n. sp., × 400 974 Seen from the apical pole. Fig. 2. _Coronidium acacia_, n. sp., × 300 975 Fig. 3. _Eucoronis angulata_, n. sp., × 400 978 Half from the apical, half from the dorsal side. Fig. 4. _Eucoronis challengeri_, n. sp., × 400 978 The red central capsule encloses a large ovate nucleus and is surrounded by numerous xanthellæ. Fig. 5. _Eucoronis nephrospyris_, n. sp., × 300 977 Fig. 6. _Eucoronis perspicillum_, n. sp., × 300 977 Fig. 7. _Coronidium dyostephanus_, n. sp., × 400 974 Seen from the apical pole. Fig. 8. _Coronidium diadema_, n. sp., × 300 974 Fig. 9. _Acrocubus octopylus_, n. sp., × 300 993 Fig. 10. _Parastephanus asymmetricus_, n. sp., × 400 1008 Fig. 11. _Eutympanium militare_, n. sp., × 400 1014 Oblique view. Fig. 12. _Lithocubus astragalus_, n. sp., × 400 1012 Fig. 13. _Trissocircus globus_, n. sp., × 400 986 [Illustration: 1. 2. EUCORONIS, 3.-8. LITHOCORONIS, 9.-12. TYMPANIUM, 13. TRISSOCIRCUS.] PLATE 83. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Orders STEPHOIDEA ET SPYROIDEA. Families STEPHANIDA, SEMANTIDA, CORONIDA, TYMPANIDA, ZYGOSPYRIDA, PHORMOSPYRIDA et ANDROSPYRIDA. Fig. 1. _Lithotympanum tuberosum_, n. sp., × 400 1006 Fig. 2. _Eutympanium musicantum_, n. sp., × 300 1013 Fig. 3. _Semantis distephanus_, n. sp., × 300 957 Fig. 4. _Sphærospyris globosa_, n. sp., × 300 1100 Fig. 5. _Trissocyclus stauroporus_, n. sp., × 200 987 Fig. 6. _Trissocircus binellipsis_, n. sp., × 300 985 Fig. 7. _Podocoronis toxarium_, n. sp., × 200 980 Fig. 8. _Androspyris anthropiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1093 Fig. 9. _Cortina tripus_, n. sp., × 200 950 Fig. 10. _Cephalospyris cancellata_, n. sp., × 400 1035 Fig. 11. _Tripospyris furcata_, n. sp., × 400 1029 Fig. 12. _Petalospyris novena_, n. sp., × 400 1062 Basal view of the shell, with the cortinar septum. Fig. 13. _Rhodospyris tricornis_, n. sp., × 400 1089 Fig. 14. _Desmospyris mammillata_, n. sp., × 400 1089 Fig. 15. _Phormospyris tricostata_, n. sp., × 400 1087 Fig. 16. _Zygospyris equus_, n. sp., × 300 1056 Fig. 17. _Archicircus monostephus_, n. sp., × 300 941 Fig. 18. _Dipospyris cubus_, n. sp., × 400 1036 Basal view of the shell, with the cortinar septum. Fig. 19. _Gamospyris circulus_, n. sp., × 200 1042 Fig. 20. _Stephanospyris excellens_, n. sp., × 300 1043 [Illustration: 1. 2. LITHOTYMPANIUM, 3. DYOSTEPHANUS, 4. SPHAEROCIRCUS, 5. 6. TRISSOCYCLUS, 7. DIPOCORONIS, 8.-10. LAMPROSPYRIS, 11. 12. CLADOSPYRIS, 13. RHODOSPYRIS, 14. 15. DESMOSPYRIS, 16. 17. TETRASPYRIS, 18.-20. STEPHANOSPYRIS.] PLATE 84. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order SPYROIDEA. Family ZYGOSPYRIDA. Fig. 1. _Tripospyris capitata,_ n. sp., × 400 1028 Seen from the dorsal side. Fig. 2. _Tripospyris semantis,_ n. sp., × 300 1026 Seen from the ventral side. Fig. 3. _Tripospyris semantis,_ n. sp., × 300 1026 Seen from the lateral side. Fig. 4. _Tripospyris eucolpos,_ n. sp., × 300 1029 Seen from the dorsal side. Fig. 5. _Tripospyris diomma,_ n. sp., × 400 1026 Half from the right side, half from the basal side. Fig. 6. _Tripospyris cortiniscus,_ n. sp., × 500 1026 Half from the dorsal, half from the right side. Fig. 6_a._ Frontal section through the ring, × 500 Fig. 7. _Tripospyris conifera,_ n. sp., × 400 1027 Seen from the dorsal side. Fig. 7_a._ From the basal side, × 200 Fig. 8. _Tripospyris euscenium,_ n. sp. (vel _Euscenium tripospyris_), × 400 1147 Seen from the frontal or ventral side. Fig. 9. _Triceraspyris gazella,_ n. sp., × 500 1031 Seen from the ventral side. Fig. 10. _Triceraspyris damæcornis,_ n. sp., (vel _Elaphospyris damæcornis?_); compare p. 1032, × 400 1057 Seen from the apical (or basal?) side. Fig. 11. _Triceraspyris giraffa,_ n. sp., × 400 1031 Seen from the frontal side. Fig. 12. _Triceraspyris corallorrhiza,_ n. sp., × 400 1031 Seen from the frontal side. Fig. 13. _Tristylospyris scaphipes,_ n. sp., × 400 1033 Seen from the dorsal side. Fig. 14. _Tristylospyris palmipes,_ n. sp., × 400 1033 Seen from the dorsal side. Fig. 15. _Tristylospyris clavipes,_ n. sp., × 400 1033 Seen from the basal side. [Illustration: 1-8. TRIPODOSPYRIS, 9-12. TRICERASPYRIS, 13-15. TRISTYLOSPYRIS.] PLATE 85. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order SPYROIDEA. Family ZYGOSPYRIDA. Fig. 1. _Dipospyris forcipata_, n. sp., × 300 1037 Fig. 2. _Dipospyris irregularis_, n. sp., × 200 1037 Fig. 3. _Dipospyris chelifer_, n. sp., × 300 1037 Fig. 4. _Dorcadospyris dinoceras_, n. sp., × 400 1041 Fig. 5. _Dorcadospyris antilope_, n. sp., × 200 1041 Fig. 6. _Dorcadospyris dentata_, n. sp., × 200 1040 Fig. 7. _Dorcadospyris decussata_, n. sp., × 200 1041 Fig. 8. _Dendrospyris polyrrhiza_, n. sp., × 200 1039 Fig. 9. _Dendrospyris arborescens_, n. sp., × 400 1040 Fig. 10. _Stephanospyris cordata_, n. sp., × 200 1042 Fig. 11. _Stephanospyris verticillata_, n. sp., × 300 1043 [Illustration: 1.-3. DIPODOSPYRIS, 4.-11. DORCADOSPYRIS.] PLATE 86. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order SPYROIDEA. Family ZYGOSPYRIDA. Fig. 1. _Ceratospyris polygona_, n. sp., × 400 1066 Fig. 2. _Ceratospyris strasburgeri_, n. sp., × 400 1067 Fig. 3. _Ceratospyris allmersii_, n. sp., × 400 1067 Fig. 4. _Ceratospyris mulderi_, n. sp., × 400 1067 Fig. 5. _Anthospyris aculeata_, n. sp., × 400 1065 Fig. 6. _Petalospyris dictyocubus_, n. sp., × 400 1063 Fig. 7. _Liriospyris hexapoda_, n. sp., × 400 1049 Fig. 8. _Aegospyris caprina_, n. sp., × 400 1054 Fig. 9. _Ceratospyris preyeri_, n. sp., × 400 1068 Fig. 10. _Ceratospyris krausei_, n. sp., × 400 1068 Fig. 11. _Ceratospyris carnerii_, n. sp., × 400 1069 Fig. 12. _Elaphospyris alcicornis_, n. sp., × 400 1057 Fig. 13. _Elaphospyris cervicornis_, n. sp., × 400 1057 [Illustration: 1.-7. CERATOSPYRIS, 8.-13. ELAPHOSPYRIS.] PLATE 87. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order SPYROIDEA. Families ZYGOSPYRIDA et THOLOSPYRIDA. Fig. 1. _Gorgospyris medusa_, n. sp., × 300 1070 Fig. 2. _Gorgospyris medusetta_, n. sp., × 300 1070 From the basal side, with the nine cortinar pores. Fig. 3. _Gorgospyris polypus_, n. sp., × 300 1070 Fig. 4. _Gorgospyris schizopodia_, n. sp., × 400 1071 Fig. 5. _Gorgospyris eurycolpos_, n. sp., × 300 1071 Fig. 6. _Gorgospyris liriope_, n. sp., × 300 1071 Fig. 7. _Tiarospyris pervia_, n. sp., × 400 1082 Fig. 8. _Tiarospyris amphora_, n. sp., × 400 1083 Fig. 9. _Tiarospyris mitra_, n. sp., × 400 1082 From the ventral side. Fig. 10. _Tiarospyris mitra_, n. sp., × 400 1082 From the dorsal side. Fig. 11. _Petalospyris octopus_, n. sp., × 400 1061 Fig. 12. _Petalospyris dinoceras_, n. sp., × 400 1063 Fig. 13. _Petalospyris lobata_, n. sp., × 300 1064 Fig. 14. _Petalospyris triomma_, n. sp., × 200 1060 From the basal side, with the six cortinar pores. Fig. 15. _Anthospyris spathulata_, n. sp., × 400 1065 Fig. 16. _Anthospyris mammillata_, n. sp., × 400 1064 Fig. 17. _Anthospyris tragopogon_, n. sp., × 300 1066 Fig. 18. _Anthospyris doronicum_, n. sp., × 300 1065 Fig. 19. _Ceratospyris calorrhiza_, n. sp., × 400 1069 [Illustration: 1.-6. GORGOSPYRIS, 7.-10. TIAROSPYRIS, 11.-14. PETALOSPYRIS, 15.-19. ANTHOSPYRIS.] PLATE 88. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Orders STEPHOIDEA ET SPYROIDEA. Families TYMPANIDA et ANDROSPYRIDA. Fig. 1. _Toxarium circospyris_, n. sp., × 400 995 Fig. 2. _Amphispyris sternalis_, n. sp., × 300 1096 Fig. 3. _Amphispyris costata_, n. sp., × 300 1097 Fig. 4. _Amphispyris thorax_, n. sp., × 300 1096 Fig. 5. _Amphispyris subquadrata_, n. sp., × 300 1097 Fig. 6. _Amphispyris quadrigemina_, n. sp., × 300 1096 Fig. 7. _Amphispyris toxarium_, n. sp., × 300 1097 Fig. 8. _Tricolospyris baconiana_, n. sp., × 400 1098 Fig. 9. _Tricolospyris leibnitziana_, n. sp., × 600 1098 Fig. 10. _Tricolospyris kantiana_, n. sp., × 600 1098 Fig. 11. _Tricolospyris newtoniana_, n. sp., × 400 1098 Fig. 12. _Perispyris lentellipsis_, n. sp., × 400 1099 Fig. 13. _Perispyris bicincta_, n. sp., × 400 1099 [Illustration: 1. CIRCOSPYRIS, 2.-7. AMPHISPYRIS, 8.-11. TRICOLOSPYRIS, 12. 13. PERISPYRIS.] PLATE 89. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order SPYROIDEA. Families ZYGOSPYRIDA, THOLOSPYRIDA et ANDROSPYRIDA. Fig. 1. _Tholospyris tripodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1079 Ventral side. Fig. 2. _Tholospyris fenestrata_, n. sp., × 400 1079 Dorsal side. Fig. 3. _Tholospyris ramosa_, n. sp., × 400 1079 Dorsal side. Fig. 4. _Tholospyris cupola_, n. sp., × 400 1080 Ventral side. Fig. 5. _Therospyris leo_, n. sp., × 400 1059 Ventral side. Fig. 6. _Therospyris felis_, n. sp., × 400 1059 Dorsal side. Fig. 7. _Dictyospyris stalactites_, n. sp., × 400 1073 Ventral side. Fig. 8. _Dictyospyris anthophora_, n. sp., × 400 1076 Ventral side. Fig. 9. _Dictyospyris mammillaris_, n. sp., × 400 1076 Ventral side. Fig. 10. _Dictyospyris mammillaris_, n. sp., × 400 1076 Frontal section. Fig. 11. _Dictyospyris distoma_, n. sp., × 300 1073 Ventral side. Fig. 12. _Dictyospyris distoma_, n. sp., × 300 1073 Frontal section. Fig. 13. _Lamprospyris darwinii_, n. sp., × 300 1094 Ventral side. Fig. 14. _Lamprospyris huxleyi_, n. sp., × 300 1094 Ventral side. [Illustration: 1.-4. THOLOSPYRIS, 5. 6. TESSARASPYRIS, 7.-12. DICTYOSPYRIS, 13. 14. LAMPROSPYRIS.] PLATE 90. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order SPYROIDEA. Family ANDROSPYRIDA. Fig. 1. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp. (vel _Paradictyum paradoxum_), × 250 1102 The complete shell, seen from the frontal side. Fig. 2. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp., × 250 1102 The incomplete shell, seen from the dorsal side. Fig. 3. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp., × 500 1102 The sagittal ring, isolated, from the dorsal side; more enlarged. Fig. 4. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp., × 120 1102 Vertical section through half the shell, exhibiting the thickened margin with the included symbiontes (compare page 1101). Fig. 5. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp., × 200 1102 Oblique marginal view of the shell. Fig. 6. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp., × 250 1102 Marginal view of a young specimen, with open fissure between the two parallel net-plates. Fig. 7. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp., × 250 1102 The soft body alone, without the skeleton. The bilobed central capsule exhibits a central transverse nucleus, and on each lobe a stratum of oil-globules. The kidney-shaped calymma contains on the margin numerous symbiontes (_Xanthellæ_ or _Vorticellinæ_? Compare page 1102). Fig. 8. _Nephrospyris paradictyum_, n. sp., × 500 1102 Three single unicellular symbiontes (_Zooxanthellæ_?). Fig. 9. _Nephrospyris renilla_, n. sp. (vel _Nephrodictyum renilla_), × 250 1101 The bilobed central capsule is enclosed by the discoidal shell and in the middle constricted by the sagittal ring; it contains a transverse nucleus. The kidney-shaped calymma contains in the peripheral part numerous symbiontes (_Xanthellæ_ or _Vorticellinæ_? Compare page 1101). Fig. 10. _Nephrospyris renilla_, n. sp., × 250 1101 A singular abnormality (occurring not rarely), in which the reduced skeleton has nearly disappeared and the sagittal ring alone remained. The kidney-shaped calymma, however, which encloses numerous symbiontes, has preserved the form of the skeleton. The bilobed central capsule is similar to that in figs. 7 and 9, and is encircled by the thickened sagittal ring. [Illustration: PARADICTYUM.] PLATE 91. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Orders NASSOIDEA ET PLECTOIDEA. Families NASSELLIDA, PLAGONIDA et PLECTANIDA. Fig. 1. _Cystidium princeps_, n. sp., × 400 897 Fig. 2. _Triplagia primordialis_, n. sp., × 100 909 Fig. 3. _Tetraplagia phænaxonia_, n. sp., × 200 911 Fig. 4. _Plagoniscus tripodiscus_, n. sp., × 200 912 Fig. 5. _Plagiocarpa procortina_, n. sp., × 300 914 Fig. 6. _Plagonium sphærozoum_, n. sp., × 300 916 Fig. 7. _Triplecta triactis_, n. sp., × 300 922 Fig. 8. _Tetraplecta pinigera_, n. sp., × 300 924 Fig. 9. _Plectaniscus cortiniscus_, n. sp., × 300 925 Fig. 10. _Periplecta cortina_, n. sp., × 400 926 Fig. 11. _Plectanium trigeminum_, n. sp., × 400 928 Fig. 12. _Polyplecta heptacantha_, n. sp., × 300 929 [Illustration: 1. CYSTIDIUM, 2.-6. PLACONIDA, 7.-12. PLECTANIDA.] PLATE 92. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order STEPHOIDEA. Families STEPHANIDA et SEMANTIDA. Fig. 1. _Semantis sigillum_, n. sp., × 400 957 Fig. 2. _Semantis biforis_, n. sp., × 300 956 Fig. 3. _Semantrum tetrastoma_, n. sp., × 300 959 Fig. 4. _Semantrum signarium_, n. sp., × 400 960 Fig. 5. _Semantrum quadrifore_, n. sp., × 400 958 Fig. 6. _Semantidium hexastoma_, n. sp., × 400 960 Fig. 7. _Semantidium signatorium_, n. sp., × 400 961 Fig. 8. _Clathrocircus stapedius_, n. sp., × 400 962 Fig. 9. _Clathrocircus dictyospyris_, n. sp., × 300 963 Fig. 10. _Clathrocircus multiforis_, n. sp., × 300 963 Fig. 11. _Cortiniscus tripodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 963 Fig. 12. _Cortiniscus typicus_, n. sp., × 300 964 Fig. 13. _Cortiniscus dipylaris_, n. sp., × 400 964 Fig. 14. _Stephaniscus quadrifurcus_, n. sp., × 300 965 Fig. 15. _Stephaniscus quadrigatus_, n. sp., × 400 965 Fig. 16. _Semantiscus hexapodius_, n. sp., × 400 966 Fig. 17. _Semantiscus hexapylus_, n. sp., × 400 967 Fig. 18. _Semantiscus hexaspyris_, n. sp., × 400 966 Fig. 19. _Lithocircus tarandus_, n. sp., × 400 944 Fig. 20. _Stephanium quadrupes_, n. sp., × 200 952 Fig. 21. _Cortina cervina_, n. sp., × 300 952 [Illustration: 1.-7. SEMANTIS, 8.-10. CLATHROCIRCUS, 11.-13. CORTINISCUS, 14. 15. STEPHANISCUS, 16.-19. SEMANTISCUS, 20. 21. STEPHANIUM.] PLATE 93. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order STEPHOIDEA. Families CORONIDA et TYMPANIDA.. Fig. 1. _Zygostephanus dissocircus_, n. sp., × 300 971 Fig. 2. _Zygostephanus bicornis_, n. sp., × 300 972 Fig. 3. _Zygostephanium dizonium_, n. sp., × 300 973 Fig. 4. _Zygostephanium paradictyum_, n. sp., × 300 973 Fig. 5. _Acanthodesmia corona_, n. sp., × 400 976 Fig. 6. _Plectocoronis pentacantha_, n. sp., × 300 979 Fig. 7. _Tristephanium quadricorne_, n. sp., × 300 984 Fig. 8. _Tristephanium octopyle_, n. sp., × 300 983 Fig. 9. _Tristephanium dimensivum_, n. sp., × 400 983 Fig. 10. _Trissocircus lentellipsis_, n. sp., × 300 985 Fig. 11. _Trissocircus octostoma_, n. sp., × 300 986 Fig. 12. _Trissocyclus sphæridium_, n. sp., × 300 987 Fig. 13. _Tricyclidium dictyospyris_, n. sp., × 300 984 Fig. 14. _Protympanium amphipodium_, n. sp., × 300 992 Fig. 15. _Acrocubus arcuatus_, n. sp., × 300 993 Fig. 16. _Acrocubus cortina_, n. sp., × 300 994 Fig. 17. _Acrocubus amphithectus_, n. sp., × 300 995 Fig. 18. _Toxarium thorax_, n. sp., × 300 996 Fig. 19. _Toxarium cordatum_, n. sp., × 300 996 Fig. 20. _Toxarium bifurcum_, n. sp., × 300 997 Fig. 21. _Parastephanus quadrispinus_, n. sp., × 300 1008 Fig. 22. _Prismatium tripodium_, n. sp., × 300 1009 [Illustration: 1.-4. ZYGOSTEPHANUS, 5.-6. ACANTHODESMIA, 7.-13. TRISTEPHANIUM, 14.-17. ACROCUBUS, 18.-20. TOXARIUM, 21. 22. PRISMATIUM.] PLATE 94. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order STEPHOIDEA. Family TYMPANIDA. Fig. 1. _Tympanidium foliosum_, n. sp., × 400 1003 Fig. 2. _Octotympanum cervicorne_, n. sp., × 400 1000 Fig. 3. _Octotympanum octonarium_, n. sp., × 400 1000 Fig. 4. _Tympaniscus quadrupes_, n. sp., × 400 1002 Fig. 5. _Tympaniscus dipodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1001 Frontal view. Fig. 6. _Tympaniscus dipodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1001 Lateral view. Fig. 7. _Tympaniscus tripodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1002 Frontal view. Fig. 8. _Microcubus zonarius_, n. sp., × 300 998 Fig. 9. _Microcubus dodecastoma_, n. sp., × 300 998 Fig. 10. _Microcubus amphispyris_, n. sp., × 400 999 Fig. 11. _Pseudocubus obeliscus_, n. sp., × 400 1010 Fig. 12. _Pseudocubus hexapylus_, n. sp., × 300 1011 Fig. 13. _Lithocubus geometricus_, n. sp., × 200 1011 Fig. 14. _Paratympanum octostylum_, n. sp., × 400 1005 Fig. 15. _Dystympanium dictyocha_, n. sp., × 400 1007 Lateral view. Fig. 16. _Dystympanium dictyocha_, n. sp., × 400 1007 Apical view. Fig. 17. _Circotympanum octogonium_, n. sp., × 500 1013 Fig. 18. _Tympanidium binoctonum_, n. sp., × 400 1004 [Illustration: 1.-3, 18. TYMPANIDIUM, 4.-7. TYMPANISCUS, 8.-10. MICROCUBUS, 11.-13. LITHOCUBUS, 14. PARATYMPANIUM, 15.-17. DYSTYMPANIUM.] PLATE 95. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order SPYROIDEA. Families ZYGOSPYRIDA, THOLOSPYRIDA, PHORMOSPYRIDA et ANDROSPYRIDA. Fig. 1. _Tripospyris cortina_, n. sp., × 300 1025 Basal view. Fig. 2. _Tripospyris triplecta_, n. sp., × 300 1027 Basal view. Fig. 3. _Tripospyris semantrum, n_. sp., × 400 1027 Basal view. Fig. 4. _Tripospyris hexomma_, n. sp., × 300 1028 Basal view. Fig. 5. _Brachiospyris diacantha_, n. sp., × 400 1038 Basal view. Fig. 6. _Tetraspyris stephanium_, n. sp., × 300 1044 Basal view. Fig. 7. _Liriospyris amphithecta_, n. sp., × 300 1050 Basal view. Fig. 8. _Hexaspyris hexacorethra_, n. sp., × 300 1048 Frontal view. Fig. 9. _Clathrospyris pyramidalis_, n. sp., × 500 1052 Frontal view. Fig. 10. _Aegospyris aegoceras_, n. sp., × 400 1054 Frontal view. Fig. 11. _Pentaspyris pentacantha_, n. sp., × 400 1054 Dorsal view. Fig. 12. _Taurospyris cervina_, n. sp., × 400 1058 Frontal view. Fig. 13. _Circospyris nucula_, n. sp., × 300 1072 Dorsal view. Fig. 14. _Lophospyris dipodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1080 Frontal view. Fig. 15. _Sepalospyris platyphylla_, n. sp., × 400 1081 Dorsal view. Fig. 16. _Pylospyris canariensis_, n. sp., × 400 1084 Frontal view. Fig. 17. _Acrospyris clathrocanium_, n. sp., × 300 1085 Dorsal view. Fig. 18. _Phormospyris tridentata_, n. sp., × 400 1087 Frontal view. Fig. 19. _Patagospyris anthocyrtis_, n. sp., × 500 1088 Dorsal view. Fig. 20. _Androspyris pithecus_, n. sp., × 400 1093 Lateral view. [Illustration: 1.-13. ZYGOSPYRIS, 14.-16. THOLOSPYRIS, 17.-19. PHORMOSPYRIS, 20. ANDROSPYRIS.] PLATE 96. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order BOTRYODEA. Families CANNOBOTRYIDA, LITHOBOTRYIDA et PYLOBOTRYIDA. Fig. 1. _Botryopera cyrtoloba_, n. sp., × 500 1108 Apical view. Fig. 2. _Botryopera quinqueloba_, n. sp., × 500 1109 Half lateral, half frontal view. Fig. 3. _Cannobotrys tricanna_, n. sp., × 400 1110 View half from the frontal, half from the left side. Fig. 4. _Cannobotrys cortina_, n. sp., × 400 1110 Basal view. Fig. 5. _Botryopyle inclusa_, n. sp., × 500 1113 Frontal view. Fig. 6. _Botryopyle dictyocephalus_, n. sp., × 500 1113 Lateral view (right side). Fig. 7. _Botryopyle sethocorys_, n. sp., × 400 1112 Frontal view. Fig. 8. _Acrobotrys trisolenia_, n. sp., × 400 1115 Lateral view (right side). Fig. 9. _Acrobotrys acuminata_, n. sp., × 400 1115 Lateral view (right side). Fig. 10. _Acrobotrys disolenia_, n. sp., × 400 1114 Lateral view (left side). Fig. 11. _Acrobotrys auriculata_, n. sp., × 500 1115 Lateral view (right side). Fig. 12. _Botryocella multicellaris_, n. sp., × 500 1117 Lateral view (left side). Fig. 13. _Botryocella quadricellaris_, n. sp., × 400 1117 Lateral view (left side). Fig. 14. _Botryocella quadrigemina_, n. sp., × 400 1117 Collar septum, between cephalis and thorax. Fig. 15. _Lithobotrys sphærothorax_, n. sp., × 500 1119 Lateral view (right side). Fig. 16. _Lithobotrys mascula_, n. sp., × 500 1119 Frontal view. Fig. 17. _Lithobotrys orchidea_, n. sp., × 500 1119 Frontal view. Fig. 18. _Botryocyrtis cerebellum_, n. sp., × 400 1121 Apical view. Fig. 19. _Botryocyrtis theocampe_, n. sp., × 500 1121 Lateral view (left side). Fig. 20. _Pylobotrys fontinalis_, n. sp., × 400 1122 Apical view. Fig. 21. _Pylobotrys putealis_, n. sp., × 500 1121 Lateral view (right side). Fig. 22. _Pylobotrys cerebralis_, n. sp., × 500 1122 Dorsal view. Fig. 23. _Botryocampe rotalia_, n. sp., × 400 1123 Collar septum. Fig. 24. _Botryocampe camerata_, n. sp., × 500 1124 Lateral view (left side). Fig. 25. _Phormobotrys cannothalamia_, n. sp., × 400 1125 Lateral view (right side). Fig. 26. _Phormobotrys trithalamia_, n. sp., × 500 1124 Frontal section. The dorsal wall is visible, in the cephalis the cruciform frontal septum. Fig. 27. _Phormobotrys pentathalamia_, n. sp., × 400 1124 Lateral view (left side). Fig. 28. _Cephalospyris triangulata_, n. sp., × 400 1035 The central capsule encloses numerous spherical concrements. [Illustration: 1.-4. BOTRYOPERA. 5.-11. BOTRYOPYLE. 12.-17. BOTRYOCELLA. 18.-22. BOTRYOCYRTIS. 23.-27. BOTRYOCAMPE. 28. CEPHALOSPYRIS.] PLATE 97. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Orders STEPHOIDEA ET CYRTOIDEA. Families STEPHANIDA, CORONIDA, TRIPOCALPIDA, PHÆNOCALPIDA, TRIPOCYRTIDA, PODOCYRTIDA et PODOCAMPIDA. Fig. 1. _Cortina typus_, n. sp., × 300 951 View from the right side. The upper part of the central capsule includes the nucleus, the lower part the podoconus, besides some oil-globules. The two pectoral feet are partly broken off. Fig. 2. _Podocoronis cortiniscus_, n. sp., × 400 981 View from the right anterior side. Fig. 3. _Tripocalpis cortinaris_, n. sp., × 400 1137 Fig. 4. _Phænocalpis petalospyris_, n. sp., × 400 1173 Lateral view (inverted). Fig. 5. _Haliphormis lagena_, n. sp., × 200 1167 Fig. 6. _Halicapsa lithapium_, n. sp., × 300 1190 Basal view. Fig. 7. _Peridium alatum_, n. sp., × 300 1155 Basal view. Fig. 8. _Sethopilium orthopus_, n. sp., × 300 1202 Basal view. Fig. 9. _Sethopilium macropus_, n. sp., × 400 1203 Fig. 10. _Amphiplecta acrostoma_, n. sp., × 400 1223 Fig. 11. _Sethopera tricostata_, n. sp., × 400 1232 Fig. 12. _Acanthocorys macroceras_, n. sp., × 200 1264 Fig. 13. _Sethophæna hexaptera_, n. sp., × 400 1286 Fig. 14. _Theopodium tricostatum_, n. sp., × 400 1328 Fig. 15. _Podocampe trictenota_, n. sp., × 500 1446 [Illustration: 1. 2. CORTINA, 3-7. MONOCYRTIDA, 8-13. DICYRTIDA, 14. THEOPODIUM, 15. PODOCAMPE.] PLATE 98. LEGION NASSELLARIA. Order CYRTOIDEA. Families TRIPOCALPIDA et PHÆNOCALPIDA. Fig. 1. _Euscenium plectaniscus_, n. sp., × 300 1146 Half frontal, half basal view. Fig. 2. _Cladoscenium pectinatum_, n. sp., × 400 1150 Shell opened by a vertical section. Fig. 3. _Archiscenium cyclopterum_, n. sp., × 400 1151 View from the dorsal side. Fig. 4. _Pteroscenium arcuatum_, n. sp., × 400 1152 The central capsule contains a large spherical nucleus with a nucleolus. Fig. 5. _Archipera cortiniscus_, n. sp., × 400 1155 Fig. 6. _Archibursa tripodiscus_, n. sp., × 400 1157 Basal view. Fig. 7. _Archipilium orthopterum_, n. sp., × 400 1139 Fig. 8. _Tripilidium costatum_, n. sp., × 300 1141 Fig. 8_a_. Central capsule in the upper part of the shell, Fig. 8_b_. Cortinar septum, Fig. 9. _Phænoscenium hexapodium_, n. sp., × 300 1175 Fig. 10. _Archiphæna gorgospyris_, n. sp., × 300 1178 Fig. 10_a_. Cortinar septum with four collar pores, × 300 Fig. 11. _Archiphormis urceolata_, n. sp., × 300 1168 Fig. 12. _Halicalyptra petalospyris_, n. sp., × 400 1169 Fig. 13. _Arachnocalpis ellipsoides_, n. sp., × 300 1172 The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and exhibits in the upper half the ellipsoidal nucleus and four oil-globules, in the lower half the slender striated podoconus. Fig. 13_a_. A piece of the network, more enlarged, × 900 [Illustration: 1.-4. EUSCENIUM, 5. 6. ARCHIPERA, 7. 8. TRIPILIDIUM, 9. 10. ARCHIPHAENA, 11. 12. ARCHIPHORMIS, 13. ARACHNOCALPIS.] PLATE 99. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOGROMIA. Family CHALLENGERIDA. (The central capsule is coloured red and the phæodium green in Figs. 1, 6, 10, 14-17, 20). Fig. 1. _Challengeria murrayi_, n. sp., × 50 1653 From the dorsal side. Numerous streams of sarcode arise from the central capsule and pierce the calymma inside the shell. Fig. 2. _Challengeria wildi_, n. sp., × 400 1653 The peristome from the left side. Fig. 3. _Challengeria bromleyi_, n. sp., × 400 1652 From the dorsal side. Fig. 4. _Challengeria sloggettii_, John Murray × 150 1649 The ventral corner broken off. From the left side. Fig. 4_a_. Vertical section through the shell-wall. Fig. 5. _Challengeria tritonis_, n. sp., × 150 1649 Fig. 6. _Challengeron diodon_, n. sp., × 400 1654 From the dorsal side. The shell contains two central capsules. Fig. 7. _Challengeron pearceyi_, n. sp., × 300 1654 From the dorsal side. Fig. 8. _Challengeron richardsii_, n. sp., × 100 1655 From the oral margin Fig. 9. _Challengeron fergusoni_, n. sp., × 100 1656 From the right side. Fig. 10. _Challengeron triangulum_, n. sp., × 200 1656 From the right side. Fig. 11. _Challengeron crosbiei_, n. sp., × 300 1657 From the ventral side. Fig. 12. _Challengeron buchanani_, n. sp., × 300 1657 From the right side. Fig. 13. _Challengeron willemoesii_, n. sp., × 400 1659 From the ventral side. Fig. 14. _Challengeron moseleyi_, n. sp., × 300 1658 From the right side. Fig. 15. _Challengeron wyvillei_, n. sp., × 300 1660 From the left side. Fig. 16. _Porcupinia cordiformis_, n. sp., × 200 1663 From the right side. Fig. 17. _Pharyngella gastræa_, n. sp., × 150 1662 Fig. 18. _Pharyngella gastrula_, n. sp., × 150 1662 Fig. 19. _Entocannula infundibulum_, n. sp., × 100 1661 Fig. 20. _Entocannula hirsuta_, n. sp., × 150 1661 Fig. 21. _Lithogromia diatomacea_, n. sp., × 400 1647 A piece of the shell with diatomaceous structure. Fig. 21_a_. Vertical section through the shell-wall. Fig. 22. _Lithogromia silicea_, n. sp., × 150 1647 [Illustration: 1.-15. CHALLENGERIA. 16.-18. PHARYNGELLA. 19. 20. ENTOCANNULA. 21. 22. LITHOGROMIA.] PLATE 100. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOGROMIA. Family TUSCARORIDA. Fig. 1. _Tuscarora bisternaria_, John Murray, × 30 1706 View from the dorsal side. Fig. 1_a_. View from the mouth pole × 25 Fig. 2. _Tuscarora murrayi_, n. sp., × 30 1706 View from the dorsal side. The central capsule (in the aboral half), and the phæodium (in the middle of the shell-cavity) are visible. A fine network of pseudopodia pierces the calymma, which fills up the shell-cavity. Fig. 3. _Tuscarora wyvillei_, n. sp., × 30 1707 View from the dorsal side. Fig. 3_a_. Base of a tooth, × 100 Fig. 3_b_. Transverse section through the base of a tooth. Fig. 3_c_. Base of a foot. Fig. 4. _Tuscarora tetrahedra_, John Murray, × 15 1707 View from the dorsal side. Fig. 4_a_. Mouth with the three teeth, × 50 Fig. 5. _Tuscarora tubulosa_, John Murray, × 40 1707 View from the ventral side. Fig. 5_a_. Mouth with the two teeth, × 100 Fig. 5_b_. Basal part of a single tooth, × 150 Fig. 6. _Tuscarora porcellana_, John Murray, × 600 1708 Fig. 6_a_. A piece of the shell, with five pores. Fig. 6_b_. A piece of a tooth, with the internal axial rod and its transverse branches. Fig. 7. _Tuscarusa medusa_, n. sp., × 25 1709 View from the side. Fig. 7_a_. View from the mouth, × 50 Fig. 8. _Tuscaridium lithornithium_, n. sp., × 20 1710 View from the ventral side. Central capsule and calymma as in fig. 2. Fig. 8_a_. Peristome from the ventral side. Fig. 8_b_. Peristome from the right side. [Illustration: TUSCARORA.] PLATE 101. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCYSTINA. Families PHÆODINIDA, CANNORRHAPHIDA et AULACANTHIDA. Fig. 1. _Phæocolla primordialis_, n. sp., × 300 1544 Central capsule, isolated. The double contoured outer membrane exhibits only one opening, with a radiate operculum and long proboscis. The granular protoplasm encloses clear spherical vacuoles. The sphæroidal nucleus contains irregular amoeboid nucleoli. Fig. 2. _Phæodina tripylea_, n. sp., × 300 1545 A central capsule in self-division, with two elliptical nuclei. The astropyle is already bisected and has two proboscides. Fig. 3. _Cannorrhaphis spinulosa_, n. sp., × 300 1552 A complete specimen with two central capsules, each of which contains two nuclei. The alveolate calymma contains a dark phæodium and is surrounded by tangential tubular needles. Fig. 4. _Cannorrhaphis spinulosa_, n. sp., × 300 1552 A single tangential tube. Fig. 5. _Cannorrhaphis spathillata_, n. sp., × 300 1552 A single tangential tube. Fig. 6. _Aulactinium actinastrum_, n. sp., × 100 1574 A complete specimen, seen in optical meridional section. In the centre the spheroidal central capsule, with its double membrane and three openings (above two lateral parapylæ, below the large astropyle with its radiate operculum). The capsule encloses numerous spherical vacuoles and two hemispherical nuclei, each with numerous nucleoli. The anterior half of the capsule is surrounded by the blackish phæodium. The spherical calymma contains numerous globular alveoles and is pierced by the radial tubes, the proximal ends of which are in contact with the surface of the central capsule (compare Pl. 103, fig. 1). Fig. 7. _Aulactinium actinastrum_, n. sp., × 300 1574 A single radial tube. Fig. 8. _Aulactinium actinelium_, n. sp., × 200 1574 A single radial tube. Fig. 9. _Mesocena stellata_, n. sp., × 600 1557 A single annular piece of the skeleton Fig. 10. _Dictyocha stapedia_, n. sp., × 300 1561 A complete specimen, observed living at Ceylon. In the centre is visible the large, spheroidal, tripylean central capsule, with its three openings, containing a large nucleus with numerous nucleoli. Its oral half is covered with the dark phæodium. The voluminous spherical calymma contains numerous globular alveoles and its surface is covered with scattered, stirrup-shaped pieces of the skeleton. Numerous free pseudopodia arise from the surface. Fig. 11. _Dictyocha stapedia_, n. sp., × 800 1561 A single piece of the skeleton, from above. Fig. 12. _Dictyocha stapedia_, n. sp., × 800 1561 A twin piece of the skeleton. Fig. 13. _Dictyocha medusa_, n. sp., × 800 1560 A single piece of the skeleton, from the side. Fig. 14. _Dictyocha medusa_, n. sp., × 800 1560 A single piece of the skeleton, from above. [Illustration: 1.-2. PHAEODINA, 3.-5. CANNORRHAPHIS, 6.-8. AULACTINIUM, 9. MESOCENA, 10.-14. DICTYOCHA.] PLATE 102. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCYSTINA. Family AULACANTHIDA. Fig. 1. _Auloceros elegans_, n. sp., × 80 1584 A complete specimen, observed living at Ceylon. In the centre is visible the red central capsule with its three openings, containing a large nucleus of half the size, with numerous nucleoli. The alveolate calymma encloses a green excentric phæodium, is surrounded by a veil of interwoven tangential needles, and forms conical elevations, which enclose the piercing radial tubes. Between these radiate numerous pseudopodia (compare for the single parts, Pl. 103, fig. 1 and Pl. 104, figs. 1-3, and their explanation). Figs. 2-6. _Auloceros furcosus_, n. sp., × 100 1583 Distal ends of different radial tubes, exhibiting the great variability of this species. Fig. 7. _Auloceros trigeminus_, n. sp., × 300 1584 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 8. _Auloceros capreolus_, n. sp., × 200 1584 Distal End of a Single Tube. Figs. 9, 10. _Auloceros cervinus_, n. sp., × 300 1584 Distal ends of two single tubes. Fig. 12. _Auloceros spathillaster_, n. sp., × 300 1585 Distal end of a single tube. Figs. 11, 13. _Auloceros arborescens_, n. sp., × 300 1585 Distal ends of two single tubes. [Illustration: AULOCERA.] PLATE 103. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCYSTINA. Family AULACANTHIDA. Fig. 1. _Aulographis candelabrum_, n. sp., × 100 1583 _p_, The dark phæodium surrounding the central capsule on its oral part; _a_, a part of the surrounding alveolate calymma, also surrounding the central capsule; _s_, the veil of tangential needles covering the surface of the alveolate calymma; _r_, the big radial tubes, seven of which are visible, with an elegant verticil of terminal branches; _f_, the numerous pseudopodia radiating between the branches. The central capsule exhibits the following parts:--_o_, Astropyle; _u_, parapylæ; _e_, outer membrane; _i_, inner membrane; _v_, vacuoles; _n_, nucleus; _l_, nucleoli. Figs. 2-9. _Aulographis pandor_, n. sp., × 100 1577 Distal ends of various radial tubes of a single specimen, exhibiting the extraordinary variability of this species. Fig. 10. _Aulographis furcula_, n. sp., × 400 1580 A two-branched tube. Fig. 11. _Aulographis furcula_, n. sp., × 400 1580 A three-branched tube. Figs. 12, 13. _Aulographis bovicornis_, n. sp., × 200 1577 Two tubes with two branches. Fig. 14. _Aulographis bovicornis_, n. sp., × 200 1577 A tube with three branches. Fig. 15. _Aulographis triangulum_, n. sp., × 200 1580 A single tube. Fig. 16. _Aulographis taumorpha_, n. sp., × 300 1577 Two tubes, each with two branches. Fig. 17. _Aulographis triglochin_, n. sp., × 300 1578 A tube with three branches. Figs. 18, 19. _Aulographis hexancistra_, n. sp., × 300 1581 Distal end of two tubes (one with four, the other with five terminal branches). Fig. 20. _Aulographis dentata_, n. sp., × 200 1582 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 21. _Aulographis ancorata_, n. sp., × 300 1578 Two tubes, each with four recurved branches. Fig. 22. _Aulographis tetrancistra_, n. sp., × 300 1581 A single tube. Fig. 23. _Aulographis stellata_, n. sp., × 300 1578 _a_ and _b_, Two rudimentary or incompletely developed tubes; _c_, a well-developed tube of the usual form. Fig. 24. _Aulographis asteriscus_, n. sp., × 300 1581 Terminal verticil of a single tube. Fig. 25. _Aulographis cruciata_, n. sp., × 300 1578 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 26. _Aulographis pulvinata_, n. sp., × 400 1582 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 27. _Aulographis serrulata_, n. sp., × 400 1582 Distal end of a single tube. [Illustration: AULOGRAPHIS.] PLATE 104. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCYSTINA. Family AULACANTHIDA. AULACANTHIDA. Fig. 1. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp., × 50 1586 A complete specimen, excellently preserved, with an ovate alveolate calymma and two central capsules. The surface of the calymma is covered with tangential needles. Fig. 2. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp., × 100 1586 An isolated central capsule of another specimen, surrounded by granules of the phæodium. _o_, Radiate operculum of the astropyle; _u_, the two lateral parapylæ; _e_, external membrane of the capsule; _i_, internal membrane; _c_, vacuoles in the protoplasm; _n_, nucleus; _l_, numerous nucleoli. Fig. 3. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp., × 80 1586 Two central capsules of another specimen, surrounded by the phæodium (Self-division). Characters as in fig. 2. Fig. 4. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp., × 100 1586 A single radial tube. Fig. 5. _Aulospathis bifurca_, n. sp., × 200 1586 Distal part of another radial tube, partly filled up by air-bubbles. Fig. 6. _Aulospathis trifurca_, n. sp., × 200 1586 Distal part of a single radial tube. Fig. 7. _Aulospathis trifurca_, n. sp., × 200 1586 Distal part of another radial tube. Fig. 8. _Aulospathis triodon_, n. sp., × 100 1587 A single radial tube. Fig. 9. _Aulospathis tetrodon_, n. sp., × 200 1588 Distal end of single tube. Figs. 10-13. _Aulospathis polymorpha_, n. sp., × 400 1587 Four single terminal branches with very different forms of spathillæ. Figs. 14-17. _Aulospathis variabilis_, n. sp., × 400 1588 Four single terminal branches with very different forms of spathillæ. [Illustration: AULOSPATHIS] PLATE 105. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCYSTINA. Family AULACANTHIDA. AULACANTHIDA. Fig. 1. _Aulodendron indicum_, n. sp., × 200 1590 A single tube. Fig. 2. _Aulodendron pacificum_, n. sp., × 400 1589 Distal half of a tube. Fig. 3. _Aulodendron australe_, n. sp., × 300 1589 A single tube. Fig. 4. _Aulacantha spinosa_, n. sp., × 300 1575 Distal half of a tube. Fig. 5. _Aulodendron antarcticum_, n. sp., × 300 1589 A single tube. Fig. 6. _Aulographis pistillum_, n. sp., × 300 1579 A single tube. Fig. 7. _Aulographis martagon_, n. sp., × 300 1579 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 8. _Aulographis triæna_, n. sp., × 80 1579 A single tube. Fig. 9. _Aulographis flammabunda_, n. sp., × 100 1579 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 10. _Aulographis flosculus_, n. sp., × 300 1580 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 11. _Aulographis gemmascens_, n. sp., × 100 1580 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 12. _Aulographis verticillata_, n. sp., × 400 1582 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 12_a_. Apical view, with four verticils of five branches. Fig. 13. _Aulographis tripentas_, n. sp., × 300 1582 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 13_a_. Apical view, with three verticils of five branches. Fig. 14. _Auloceros dicranaster_, n. sp., × 400 1585 Distal end of a tube, seen from the side. Fig. 15. _Auloceros dicranaster_, n. sp., × 200 1585 Distal end of a tube, seen from the terminal face. Fig. 16. _Aulacantha cannulata_, n. sp., × 300 1576 Distal end of a tube. [Illustration: 1.-5. AULODENDRON. 6.-15. AULOGRAPHIS. 16. AULACANTHA.] PLATE 106. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Orders PHÆOSPHÆRIA. Family OROSPHÆRIDA. OROSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Orosphæra serpentina_, n. sp., × 50 1595 The entire shell. Fig. 2. _Orosphæra horrida_, n. sp., × 50 1596 The entire shell. Fig. 3. _Orosphæra arborescens_, n. sp. (vel _Orothamnus arborescens_), × 50 1597 The entire shell. Fig. 4. _Oroscena gegenbauri_, n. sp., × 50 1597 The entire shell. (Compare Pl. 12, fig. 1.) [Illustration: 1. 2. ORONIA, 3. OROTHAMNUS, 4. OROSCENA.] PLATE 107. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA. Family OROSPHÆRIDA. (Fig. 8 of this Plate has no number, by mistake; it is at the top in the middle.) Fig. 1. _Oroplegma diplosphæra_, n. sp., × 50 1600 The entire shell, enveloped by an outer mantle of spongy framework. Fig. 2. _Oroplegma giganteum_, n. sp., × 200 1601 A small piece of the spongy framework. Fig. 3. _Oroplegma spongiosum_, n. sp., × 50 1601 A pyramidal elevation of the inner shell, with its spongy framework, and a radial spine on the top. Fig. 4. _Oroscena bærii_, n. sp., × 100 1598 A pyramidal elevation of the shell, with a radial spine on its top. Fig. 5. _Orona maxima_, n. sp., × 300 1594 A small piece of the network; the central canals of the bars are partly filled by air. Fig. 6. _Oroscena cuvieri_, n. sp., × 50 1598 A single radial spine. Fig. 7. _Orona crassissima_, n. sp., × 300 1594 A single bar of the coarse network, with dimpled surface. Fig. 8. _Oroscena mülleri_, n. sp., × 50 1598 A single radial spine. [Illustration: 1.-3. OROPLEGMA. 4.-7. OROSCENA.] PLATE 108. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA. Family SAGOSPHÆRIDA. SAGOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Sagoscena castra_, n. sp., × 50 1608 Half the shell, with the enclosed central capsule and the phæodium, stained by carmine. (The central nucleus dark.) Fig. 2. _Sagmarium spongodictyum_, n. sp., × 50 1612 Half the shell, with its delicate spongy framework. Fig. 3. _Sagenoscena stellata_, n. sp., × 300 1610 Top and axial rod of a pyramid, prolonged into a crowned radial spine. Fig. 4. _Sagenoscena ornata_, n. sp., × 300 1610 A single pyramid with its axial rod, prolonged into a crowned radial spine. Fig. 5. _Sagoscena pellorium_, n. sp., × 300 1609 A single pyramid of the shell-surface. Fig. 6. _Sagoscena tentorium_, n. sp., × 100 1608 A piece of the shell with eight pyramids. Fig. 7. _Sagoscena prætorium_, n. sp., × 400 1609 Top of a pyramid. Fig. 8. _Sagena ternaria_, n. sp., × 400 1606 A single triangular mesh of the lattice sphere. Fig. 9. _Sagmidium crucicorne_, n. sp., × 400 1613 A single nodal point with three radial spines. Fig. 9_a_. A portion of a spine, more highly magnified. Fig. 10. _Sagosphæra penicilla_, n. sp., × 400 1607 One nodal point and its radial spine. Fig. 11. _Sagosphæra furcilla_, n. sp., × 300 1607 Two nodal points of the network. Fig. 11_a_. Extremity of a spine. Fig. 12. _Sagmidium quadricorne_, n. sp., × 400 1614 A nodal point of the shell surface, with four divergent spines. Fig. 13. _Sagoplegma scenophora_, n. sp., × 300 1615 Tops of two pyramids. Fig. 14. _Sagmarium plegmosphærium_, n. sp., × 300 1612 A nodal point of the spongy framework. [Illustration: 1.-7. SAGOSCENA. 8. SAGENA. 9.-14. SAGOSPHAERA.] PLATE 109. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA. Family AULOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Aulosphæra dendrophora_, n. sp., × 50 1625 The entire shell, with the central capsule and its nucleus, enveloped by the dark granular phæodium. Fig. 2. _Aulosphæra dendrophora_, n. sp., × 300 1625 A single radial tube. Fig. 3. _Aulosphæra sceptrophora_, n. sp., × 300 1625 A hexagonal group of six triangular meshes. Fig. 4. _Aulosphæra sceptrophora_, n. sp., × 300 1625 A similar group, seen from the side, with three radial tubes. Fig. 5. _Aulosphæra spinosa_, n. sp., × 300 1627 A hexagonal group of six triangular meshes. Fig. 6. _Aulosphæra undulata_, n. sp., × 400 1627 A single radial tube. Fig. 7. _Aulosphæra spathillata_, n. sp., × 400 1624 A single radial tube. Fig. 7_a_. An abnormal variety, × 400 Fig. 8. _Aulosphæra triodon_, n. sp., × 400 1623 A single radial tube. Fig. 9. _Aulosphæra trifurca_, n. sp., × 400 1626 A single radial tube. Fig. 10. _Aulosphæra cruciata_, n. sp., × 300 1624 A single radial tube. Fig. 11. _Aulosphæra bisternaria_, n. sp., × 300 1624 A single radial tube. Fig. 12. _Aulosphæra bisternaria_, n. sp., × 600 1624 Distal end of a single radial tube. [Illustration: AULOSPHAERA.] PLATE 110. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA. Family AULOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Auloscena mirabilis_, n. sp., × 50 1628 The complete shell, representing a regular latticed sphere, which is composed of equal hexagonal pyramids; the top of each pyramid bears a radial tube with a terminal corona. Fig. 2. _Auloscena mirabilis_, n. sp., × 600 1628 Terminal corona of a single radial tube. Fig. 3. _Auloscena penicillus_, n. sp., × 200 1629 A single tent-shaped elevation or six-sided pyramid, bearing on the top a brush-shaped radial tube. Fig. 4. _Auloscena flammabunda_, n. sp., × 400 1629 A single radial tube, with a centripetal free prolongation at the base and a verticil of undulate terminal branches at the distal end. Fig. 5. _Auloscena serrata_, n. sp., × 600 1630 Terminal corona of a single radial tube. Fig. 6. _Auloscena tentorium_, n. sp., × 400 1628 A single radial tube, with a centripetal prolongation at the base and a terminal corona at the distal end. Fig. 7. _Auloscena gigantea_, n. sp., × 400 1629 Basal part of a radial tube, exhibiting the internal axial thread and its connection with the six tubes, which form the edges of a flat six-sided pyramid (usually more elevated than the figure exhibits). Fig. 8. _Auloscena spectabilis_, n. sp., × 400 1628 Apex of an abnormal pyramid (sometimes occurring), in which seven radial tubes are united, instead of six. Fig. 9. _Auloscena spectabilis_, n. sp., × 800 1628 Basal part of a radial tube, in the top of a flat six-sided pyramid; above it the distal part of the same tube with its terminal corona (middle part of the tube wanting). Fig. 10. _Auloscena verticillus_, n. sp., × 300 1629 Apex of a six-sided pyramid, seen from the inside. Fig. 11. _Auloscena verticillus_, n. sp., × 400 1629 Distal part of a single radial tube, with the terminal corona. [Illustration: AULOSCENA.] PLATE 111. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOSPHÆRIA. Family AULOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Aulonia hexagonia_, n. sp., × 30 1634 The complete spherical shell. Fig. 2. _Aularia ternaria_, n. sp., × 300 1621 A group of six triangular meshes, with seven nodal points of radial tubes. Behind the central capsule, with its double membrane (_e_, outer; _i_, inner) and radiate operculum (_o_); _u_, the two outer parapylæ; _v_, vacuoles in the protoplasm. The ellipsoidal nucleus (_n_) contains numerous nucleoli (_l_). Fig. 3. _Aulastrum triceros_, n. sp., × 50 1635 The complete shell. Fig. 3_a_. _Aulastrum triceros_, n. sp., × 300 1635 A single radial tube. Figs. 4_a_, 4_b_, 4_c_. _Aulastrum dendroceros_, n. sp., × 400 1635 Three single radial spines (taken from three different specimens). Fig. 5_a_. _Aulophacus lenticularis_, n. sp., × 300 1631 A single radial spine. Fig. 5_b_. _Aulophacus amphidiscus_, n. sp., × 300 1631 A single radial spine. Fig. 6. _Aulatractus fusiformis_, n. sp., × 5 1632 The complete shell, five times enlarged. Fig. 6_a_. _Aulatractus fusiformis_, n. sp., × 20 1632 Apical part of the shell. Fig. 6_b_. _Aulatractus fusiformis_, n. sp., × 400 1632 A single radial tube. Fig. 7. _Aulatractus diploconus_, n. sp., × 20 1632 Apical part of the shell. Fig. 7_a_. _Aulatractus diploconus_, n. sp., × 400 1632 A single radial tube. Fig. 8. _Auloplegma perplexum_, n. sp., × 50 1630 Half the shell. Fig. 8_a_. _Auloplegma perplexum_, n. sp., × 400 1630 A single radial tube. Fig. 9. _Auloplegma spongiosum_, n. sp., × 300 1631 A single radial tube. [Illustration: 1. AULONIA, 2-5. AULOSPHAERA, 6. 7. AULATRACTUS, 8. AULOPLEGMA.] PLATE 112. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Orders PHÆOSPHÆRIA. Family CANNOSPHÆRIDA. CANNOSPHÆRIDA. Fig. 1. _Cannosphæra antarctica_, n. sp., × 50 1640 The entire shell. The inner mammillate shell, from the month of which is prominent the phæodium, in connected by numerous radial beams with the outer shell. Fig. 2. _Cannosphæra antarctica_, n. sp., × 200 1640 The inner shell, from the mouth of which is prominent the phæodium, and a single hexagonal mesh of the outer shell, connected with the former by thin radial threads. Fig. 3. _Cannosphæra antarctica_, n. sp., × 200 1640 A single radial spine, with four terminal branches. Fig. 4. _Cannosphæra pacifica_, n. sp., × 200 1641 The inner shell, exhibiting on its base the widely open mouth, and in its upper half the transparent spherical central capsule with its nucleus. Of the outer shell (which is connected with the inner by thin radial threads), only a few polygonal meshes are visible. Fig. 5. _Cannosphæra atlantica_, n. sp., × 200 1640 The inner shell, connected by spiny radial beams with the outer shell, a quadrant only of which is visible. Fig. 6. _Cannosphæra atlantica_, n. sp., × 200 1640 A single radial spine, with five terminal branches. [Illustration: CANNOSPHAERA.] PLATE 113. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOGROMIA. Family CASTANELLIDA. Fig. 1. _Castanissa challengeri_, n. sp., × 100 1686 In the lower part of the figure is visible the large corona of teeth around the mouth (_a_). Fig. 2. _Castanidium moseleyi_, n. sp., × 80 1686 In the upper part of the figure, at left, is visible the irregular polygonal mouth (_a_). Fig. 3. _Castanopsis naresi_, n. sp., × 80 1688 In the upper part of the figure is visible the smooth circular mouth (_a_). Fig. 4. _Castanura tizardi_, n. sp., × 80 1689 Fig. 4_a_. A single main-spine of the same, × 400 Fig. 5. _Castanidium murrayi_, n. sp., × 100 1685 With a large phæodium, partly protruded through the circular mouth. Fig. 5_a_. A single main-spine of the same, hexagonally dimpled, × 400 Fig. 6. _Castanella wyvillei_, n. sp., × 100 1683 A piece of the shell with the mouth, armed with six large teeth (_a_). Fig. 7. _Castanidium buchanani_, n. sp., × 100 1685 A piece of the shell with the smooth roundish mouth (_a_). [Illustration: CASTANELLA.] PLATE 114. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Orders PHÆOCYSTINA ET PHÆOGROMIA. Families CANNORRHAPHIDA et CIRCOPORIDA. Fig. 1. _Haeckeliana darwiniana_, n. sp., × 200 1702 A complete shell. Fig. 2. _Haeckeliana darwiniana_, n. sp., × 400 1702 A single coronet of pores. Fig. 3. _Haeckeliana goetheana_, n. sp., × 300 1702 The oral part of the shell with the mouth. Fig. 4. _Haeckeliana lamarckiana_, n. sp., × 400 1701 A single coronet of pores. Fig. 5. _Haeckeliana maxima_, n. sp., × 300 1701 A single coronet of pores. Fig. 6. _Haeckeliana porcellana_, John Murray, × 200 1701 A complete shell. Fig. 7. _Distephanus corona_, n. sp., × 800 1566 A single pileated piece (half from the side, half from below). Fig. 8. _Distephanus corona_, n. sp., × 800 1566 Two coupled pileated pieces caught into one another (twin-piece). Fig. 9. _Distephanus corona_, n. sp., × 800 1566 A single pileated piece, seen from above. Fig. 10. _Cannopilus diplostaurus_, n. sp., × 800 1568 A single pileated piece, seen from above. Fig. 11. _Cannopilus cyrtoides_, n. sp., × 800 1569 A single pileated piece, seen obliquely from the side. Fig. 12. _Cannopilus cyrtoides_, n. sp., × 800 1569 A single pileated piece, seen from below. Fig. 13. _Haeckeliana porcellana_, John Murray, × 600 1526 The radiate operculum of the central capsule. [Illustration: 1.-6. HAECKELIANA, 7.-9. DISTEPHANUS, 10.-13. CANNOPILUS.] PLATE 115. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOGROMIA. Family CIRCOPORIDA. Fig. 1. _Circoporus sexfuscinus_, n. sp., × 100 1695 The cruciform mouth is visible in the upper part of the figure, to the right. Fig. 2. _Circoporus sexfuscinus_, n. sp., × 200 1695 A single radial spine, with four cruciate pores at the base. Fig. 3. _Circoporus sexfuscinus_, n. sp., × 600 1695 The radiate operculum of the central capsule, with the proboscis. Fig. 4. _Circospathis furcata_, n. sp., × 100 1696 Five of the nine spines are visible, two others (on the upper face) broken off. Between the latter the pentagonal mouth (with five teeth). Fig. 5. _Circospathis furcata_, n. sp., × 300 1696 The mouth with its five teeth. Fig. 6. _Circospathis furcata_, n. sp., × 400 1696 A piece of the shell with a radial spine. Fig. 7. _Circospathis furcata_, n. sp., × 400 1696 Vertical section through the base of a radial spine, to show the central funicle. Fig. 8. _Circogonia dodecacantha_, n. sp., × 100 1698 The central capsule with the elliptical nucleus (to the right) and the dark phæodium (to the left) are visible, in the upper part (to the left) the mouth of the shell, with six teeth. Fig. 9. _Circogonia dodecacantha_, n. sp., × 400 1698 A fragment of the shell, exhibiting its peculiar structure (needles tangentially scattered in the cement of the porcellanous substance), and a circle of nine pores around the base of a broken spine. Fig. 10. _Circospathis tetrodonta_, n. sp., × 400 1697 The mouth with four teeth, in profile view. [Illustration: 1.-3. CIRCOPORUS, 4.-10. CIRCOSPATHIS.] PLATE 116. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOGROMIA. Families MEDUSETTIDA et CIRCOPORIDA. Fig. 1. _Polypetta mammillata_, n. sp., × 500 1677 In the upper part of the figure the dentate proboscis. Fig. 1_a_. Vertical section through the shell-wall, showing two of the hollow alveoles, opening on its inside, ×1000 Fig. 2. _Polypetta tabulata_, n. sp., × 500 1677 In the upper part of the figure the dentate proboscis. Fig. 2_a_. A piece of the shell, seen from the surface, with the triangular plates, ×1000 Fig. 2_b_. Vertical section through the shell-wall, with an alveole, ×1000 Fig. 3. _Circostephanus coronarius_, n. sp., × 150 1699 The polyhedral shell exhibits in its wall the small tangential needles. The radial spines are partly broken off. The mouth of the shell, surrounded by eight short conical teeth, is visible on the left side of the figure. Fig. 3_a_. The mouth of the shell, seen in profile, with eight conical spinulate teeth, × 400 Fig. 3_b_. The base of a radial spine broken off, to show the corona of (five or six) basal pores, × 400 [Illustration: 1. 2. POROSPATHIS, 3. CIRCOSTEPHANUS.] PLATE 117. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Orders PHÆOCYSTINA ET PHÆOGROMIA. Families CANNORRHAPHIDA, MEDUSETTIDA et CIRCOPORIDA. Fig. 1. _Circogonia icosahedra_, n. sp., × 80 1698 The entire shell, with twelve radial tubes and twenty triangular faces. In the centre of one face is the mouth, with six teeth. Fig. 1_a_. The mouth alone, with its six spinulate teeth, × 400 Fig. 2. _Circorrhegma dodecahedra_, n. sp., × 80 1699 The entire shell, with twenty radial tubes and twelve pentagonal faces. In the centre of one face is the mouth, with five teeth. Fig. 2_a_. The mouth alone, with its five spinulate teeth, seen in profile, × 200 Fig. 3. _Circospathis novena_, n. sp., × 100 1696 The entire shell, with nine radial tubes and fourteen triangular faces. In one face (to the left above) is the mouth with nine teeth. Fig. 3_a_. The mouth alone, with its nine spinulate teeth, × 150 Fig. 4. _Circoporus hexastylus_, n. sp., × 80 1695 A single radial spine. Fig. 5. _Circoporus sexfurcus_, n. sp., × 80 1694 The entire spherical shell with six forked and ciliated radial tubes. In the centre the cruciform mouth with four teeth. Fig. 6. _Circoporus octahedrus_, n. sp., × 300 1695 The entire shell, with six verticillate radial tubes and eight triangular faces. In the centre of one face is the mouth, with four teeth. Fig. 7. _Cortinetta tripodiscus_, n. sp., × 300 1667 The entire shell with the enclosed central capsule, and the phæodium around the astropyle. Fig. 7_a_. The astropyle, partly detached from the wall of the central capsule, seen in profile, × 800 Fig. 8. _Catinulus quadrifidus_, n. sp., × 80 1553 A complete specimen, with four equal central capsules, united in a single spherical calymma. Fig. 8_a_. Some single pieces of the skeleton, × 400 [Illustration: 1. CIRCOGONIA, 2. CIRCORRHEGMA, 3. CIRCOSPATHIS, 4.-6. CIRCOPORUS, 7. CORTINETTA, 8. CATINULUS.] PLATE 118. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOGROMIA. Family MEDUSETTIDA. Fig. 1. _Gazelletta melusina_, n. sp., × 300 1674 From the peristome of the thorny campanulate shell arise six large descending feet, which are studded with arborescent fragile lateral branches, and armed at the distal end with stouter dichotomous terminal branches. Fig. 2. _Euphysetta staurocodon_, n. sp., × 300 1670 The peristome of the ovate shell bears an odd large foot with three terminal branches and three cruciate rudimentary feet. In the upper part of the shell-cavity is visible the sphæroidal central capsule (containing a nucleus of half the size, with numerous nucleoli); in the lower half the dark pigment-masses of the green phæodium. Fig. 3. _Euphysetta amphicodon_, n. sp., × 300 1670 The shell-wall exhibits the regular alveolate structure. From the mouth are prominent large masses of the phæodium, which is more voluminous than the shell-cavity, and seems to contain nucleated cells. [Illustration: 1. GAZELLETTA, 2. 3. EUPHYSETTA.] PLATE 119. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOGROMIA. Family MEDUSETTIDA. Fig. 1. _Gorgonetta mirabilis_, n. sp., × 100 1674 The entire body. From the margin of the cap-shaped shell arise six ascending arborescent feet and six alternating descending feet, which are covered with anchor-pencils and branched at the distal end. From the mouth of the delicately alveolate shell depend prominent parts of the dark voluminous phæodium. Fig. 2. _Gorgonetta mirabilis_, n. sp., × 300 1674 The distal end of an ascending foot; the branches bear a terminal spathilla with small recurved teeth. Fig. 3. _Gorgonetta mirabilis_, n. sp., × 300 1674 The distal end of a descending foot, with three lateral anchor-pencils and three terminal branches (broken off). Odd alveole contains an air-bubble. Fig. 4. _Gorgonetta mirabilis_, n. sp., × 600 1674 A single thread of an anchor-pencil with two quadridentate spathillæ, a larger proximal and a smaller distal (terminal). [Illustration: GORGONETTA.] PLATE 120. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOGROMIA. Family MEDUSETTIDA. Fig. 1. _Medusetta codonium_, n. sp., × 400 1668 Fig. 2. _Medusetta quadrigata_, n. sp., × 400 1668 The central capsule is visible in the upper half, the phæodium in the lower half of the shell-cavity. Fig. 3. _Medusetta tetranema_, n. sp., × 400 1669 Fig. 4. _Medusetta craspedota_, n. sp., × 400 1669 Fig. 5. _Gazelletta hexanema_, n. sp., × 300 1671 Fig. 6. _Gazelletta bifurca_, n. sp., × 300 1672 A single alveolate foot. Fig. 7. _Gazelletta macronema_, n. sp., × 200 1671 Oral view of the shell. Fig. 8. _Gazelletta macronema_, n. sp., × 800 1671 Three joints of an alveolate foot. Fig. 9. _Gazelletta cyrtonema_, n. sp., × 300 1671 The upper part of the shell encloses the central capsule with its nucleus. The voluminous phæodium is prominent over the mouth. Fig. 10. _Gazelletta orthonema_, n. sp., × 200 1671 The central capsule and its nucleus are visible in the shell-cavity. Fig. 11. _Gazelletta schleinitzii_, n. sp., × 400 1673 Oblique apical view, with the enclosed central capsule, the nucleus of which contains numerous nucleoli. Fig. 12. _Gazelletta schleinitzii_, n. sp., × 300 1673 A single alveolate foot. Fig. 13. _Gazelletta trispathilla_, n. sp., × 400 1673 The middle part of a foot. Fig. 14. _Gazellatta robusta_, n. sp., × 300 1673 The base of a foot, exhibiting the pores of the alveoli. Fig. 15. _Gazelletta studeri_, n. sp., × 400 1673 The distal end of a foot; four alveoli filled up by air-bubbles. Fig. 16. _Gazelletta dendronema_, n. sp., × 300 1674 A part of the velum, seen from the inside. The alveoles are partly filled by air. [Illustration: 1.-4. MEDUSETTA, 5.-16. GAZELLETTA.] PLATE 121. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCONCHIA. Family COELODENDRIDA. Fig. 1. _Coelodendrum furcatissimum_, n. sp., × 50 1735 A complete specimen with the central capsule and the big phæodium. The spherical calymma envelops almost the entire skeleton. Fig. 2. _Coelodendrum furcatissimum_, n. sp., × 300 1735 A distal branch with its terminal ramification. Fig. 3. _Coelodendrum furcatissimum_, n. sp., × 100 1735 One valve of the shell, with its galea and the four hollow forked tubes arising from it. Fig. 4. _Coelodendrum furcatissimum_, n. sp., × 100 1735 The central capsule with its nucleus; on the left side one valve of the closely enveloping shell (seen in vertical section), and its galea with the origin of the four tubes. Fig. 5. _Coelodendrum serratum_, n. sp., × 400 1737 A flabellate terminal branch. Fig. 6. _Coelodendrum flabellatum_, n. sp., × 150 1737 A flabellate terminal branch. Fig. 7. _Coelodendrum spinosissimum_, n. sp., × 300 1735 Forked distal end of a terminal branch. Fig. 8. _Coelodendrum cervicorne_, n. sp., × 150 1736 One valve of the shell, with its galea and the four tubes arising from it. A network of protoplasm connects the distal branches. Fig. 9. _Coelodrymus ancoratus_, n. sp., × 50 1738 A complete specimen, with the central capsule and the enveloping phæodium. The surface of the spherical calymma is covered by a dense network, from which arise numerous, anchor-bearing, radial tubules. Fig. 10. _Coelodrymus ancoratus_, n. sp., × 150 1738 A small piece of the superficial network of the skeleton, with the zigzag radial tubules arising from it, each of which bears an anchor with two recurved denticulate teeth on the distal end. [Illustration: 1.-8. COELODENDRUM, 9. 10. COELODRYMUS.] PLATE 122. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCONCHIA. Family COELOGRAPHIDA. Fig. 1. _Coelotholus octonus_, n. sp., × 30 1749 The entire bivalved shell, seen obliquely from the dorsal and somewhat from the right side, enveloped by the yellowish calymma. Fig. 2. _Coelotholus octonus_, n. sp., × 100 1749 One valve of the shell (_h_) with its large galea and the origin of the three styles. The base of the two lateral styles (_g_^1, _g_^2) is connected by two latticed lateral frenula (_b_^1, _b_^2) with the mouth (_m_) of the rhinocanna (_t_). The odd style (_g_^3) is free. Fig. 3. _Coelothauma duodenum_, n. sp., × 20 1750 The entire shell, seen from the dorsal side. The long styles are enveloped by the yellowish calymma. Fig. 4. _Coelothauma duodenum_, n. sp., × 80 1750 One valve of the shell (_h_), seen from the apical side; _t_, rhinocanna; _m_, its mouth; _b_^1, _b_^2, the two lateral frenula; _g_^1, _g_^2, the two paired styles; _g_^3, the odd style. Fig. 5. _Coelothauma duodenum_, n. sp., × 80 1750 One valve of the shell, seen in profile. Characters as in fig. 4. Fig. 6. _Coelothamnus bivalvis_, n. sp., × 30 1751 The entire shell, enveloped by the yellowish calymma, seen from the left side; between the two valves is the central capsule, with nucleus and astropyle. Fig. 7. _Coelothamnus bivalvis_, n. sp., × 100 1751 A single lateral anchor-pencil. Fig. 8. _Coelothamnus bivalvis_, n. sp., × 200 1751 Distal end of a style, with its anchor-pencils. Fig. 9. _Coelothamnus bivalvis_, n. sp., × 400 1751 A single anchor-thread, with its quadridentate terminal spathilla. [Illustration: COELOTHOLUS.] PLATE 123. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCONCHIA. Family CONCHARIDA. (The central capsule is coloured red in the figures of this plate, the phæodium green). Fig. 1. _Concharium diatomeum_, n. sp., 1717 Dorsal view. The central capsule (red) exhibits above the anterior tubular main-opening (astropyle), and below the two small posterior lateral openings (right and left parapylæ). Fig. 2. _Concharium bivalvum_, n. sp., × 150 1717 Dorsal view. The central capsule is visible in the lower part, the margin of the two valves in the upper part of the figure. Fig. 2_a_ exhibits the two smooth lateral margins of the valves, catching into one another. (Lateral view). Fig. 3. _Concharium nucula_, n. sp., 1717 The dorsal valve alone, seen from the outside. Fig. 4. _Concharium bacillarium_, n. sp., 1718 Lateral view from the smooth margin, by which the two valves are united. Fig. 5. _Conchasma radiolites_, n. sp., × 300 1719 Lateral view. In the aboral half of the shell-cavity lies the red central capsule, in the oral half the green phæodium. Fig. 6. _Conchasma sphærulites_, n. sp., × 300 1719 Lateral view. On the aboral pole the two horns of the hinge. Fig. 7. _Conchellium tridacna_, n. sp., × 200 1720 Oblique lateral view (from the right and ventral side). Fig. 7_a_. Three pores of the same, with their hexagonal frames and six internal denticles, × 400 Fig. 8. _Conchopsis carinata_, n. sp., × 150 1725 Lateral view, from the left side. Fig. 9. Conchopsis lenticula, n. sp., × 150 1726 Lateral view, from the right side. The two membranes of the central capsule are separated by a wide interval in this and the preceding figure. The nucleus contains numerous nucleoli. Fig. 9_a_. Two of the peculiar cells, which are contained in the green phæodium in large numbers, × 400 [Illustration: 1.-4. CONCHARIUM, 5. 6. CONCHASMA, 7. CONCHELLIUM, 8. 9. CONCHOPSIS.] PLATE 124. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCONCHIA. Family CONCHARIDA. Fig. 1. _Conchidium terebratula_, n. sp., × 400 1721 Lateral view, from the left side. Fig. 2. _Conchidium terebratula_, n. sp., × 800 1721 A piece of the frontal girdle-fissure, with the teeth of both valves catching into one another. Fig. 3. _Conchidium rhynchonella_, n. sp., × 200 1722 Lateral view, from the left side. Fig. 4. _Conchidium leptæna_, n. sp., × 300 1722 Girdle-fissure with the teeth, seen from the left side. Fig. 5. _Conchidium leptæna_, n. sp., × 800 1722 A single tooth with its base. Fig. 6. _Conchidium thecidium_, n. sp., × 300 1721 Lateral view, from the left side. In the oral part of the shell-cavity the dark phæodium, in the aboral part the central capsule with two nuclei (a dorsal and a ventral). Fig. 7. _Conchidium argiope_, n. sp., × 300 1722 Oblique oral view (half from the anterior, half from the left side). Fig. 8. _Conchidium argiope_, n. sp., × 300 1722 Dorsal valve, from below. Fig. 9. _Conchidium argiope_, n. sp., × 600 1722 A piece of the valve margin, with four teeth. Fig. 10. _Conchonia diodon_, n. sp., × 200 1723 Lateral view, from the left side. In the anterior part of the shell-cavity the dark phæodium, in the posterior part the central capsule with the nucleus. The two valves are connected at the posterior hinge by a ligament (to the right in the figure). Fig. 11. _Conchonia diodon_, n. sp., × 400 1723 Mouth of the shell, with its two lips, seen from the oral pole. Fig. 12. _Conchonia diodon_, n. sp., × 400 1723 A piece of the valve-margin, with four teeth. Fig. 13. _Conchonia triodon_, n. sp., × 300 1724 Ventral valve, seen from the lower face. Fig. 14. _Conchonia triodon_, n. sp., × 300 1724 Dorsal valve, seen from the left side. Fig. 15. _Conchoceras caudatum_, n. sp., × 300 1727 Lateral view, from the left side. Fig. 16. _Conchoceras cornutum_, n. sp., × 200 1728 Lateral view, from the left side. [Illustration: 1.-14. CONCHIDIUM, 15. 16. CONCHOCERAS.] PLATE 125. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCONCHIA. Family CONCHARIDA. Fig. 1. _Conchopsis aspidium_, n. sp., × 150 1726 Lateral view, from the left side. Fig. 2. _Conchopsis aspidium_, n. sp., × 300 1726 The hinge of another specimen, in which the two valves are connected by a ligament (as in figs. 8 and 9, Pl. 123). Fig. 3. _Conchopsis orbicularis_, n. sp., × 200 1725 Lateral view, from the left side. Fig. 4. _Conchopsis navicula_, n. sp., × 150 1727 Lateral view, from the right side. In the lower (posterior) half of the figure is visible the central capsule with its dark nucleus, in the upper (anterior) half the phæodium with two broad sagittal wings. Fig. 5. _Conchopsis navicula_, n. sp., × 400 1727 Three single pores with their hexagonal external frame and the dilated internal ovate or ampullaceous channel. Fig. 6. _Conchopsis navicula_, n. sp., × 400 1727 Hinge of the shell, from the right side. Fig. 7. _Conchopsis compressa_, n. sp., × 150 1725 Lateral view from the left side. The triangular central capsule with the dark nucleus is visible. Fig. 8. _Conchopsis compressa_, n. sp., × 150 1725 Dorsal view of the upper valve with its keel. Fig. 9. _Conchopsis pilidium_, n. sp., × 80 1726 The two valves separated and seen obliquely, half from the lateral, half from the internal side. The inner opening of each valve is bordered and partly closed by a broad horizontal velum or diaphragm like the deck of a boat. [Illustration: CONCHOPSIS.] PLATE 126. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCONCHIA. Family COELOGRAPHIDA. Figs. 1-1_c_. _Coelographis regina_, n. sp., 1752 Fig. 1. Lateral view. The central capsule it visible between the two valves of the inner shell, the galeæ of which are filled by the phæodium, × 20 Fig. 1_a_. Dorsal view (somewhat obliquely from the left side). The galeæ appear triangular, × 20 Fig. 1_b_. Basal view, × 20 Fig. 1_c_. Distal end of a style, × 300 Figs. 2-2_b_. _Coelodecas sagittaria_, n. sp., 1755 Fig. 2. One valve of the shell, seen from the outside, × 30 Fig. 2_a_. Distal end of a style, × 300 Figs. 3-3_a_. _Coelostylus bisenarius_, n. sp., 1756 Fig. 3. Lateral view of the bivalved shell. The central capsule is visible between the two valves of the inner shell, the galeæ of which are filled by the phæodium, × 20 Fig. 3_a_. Distal end of a style, × 300 Figs. 4-4_a_. _Coelagalma mirabile_, n. sp., 1759 Fig. 4. Dorsal view of the bivalved shell, × 30 Fig. 4_a_. Basal view of the bivalved shell, × 10 [Illustration: 1. COELOGRAPHIS, 2. COELODECAS, 3. COELOSTYLUS, 4. COELAGALMA.] PLATE 127. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCONCHIA. Family COELOGRAPHIDA. Fig. 1. Coeloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 40 1757 One valve of the bivalved shell, seen from the inside, of the usual ovate form. Fig. 2. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., × 40 1757 One valve of the bivalved shell, seen from the inside, of the rarer polyhedral form, which may be distinguished as a different species (_Coeloplegma tritonis_, compare p. 1758). _h_, hemispherical inner valve; _g_, galea; _s_, its base. Fig. 3. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., × 40 1757 The entire shell, seen from the base of the aboral pole (dorsal and ventral valve connected by delicate teeth, catching into one another). Fig. 4. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., × 100 1757 _h_, The two hemispherical inner valves of the shell, seen from the right side; _n_, the central nucleus inside the central capsule; _d_, the astropyle; _g_, the galea; _t_, the nasal tube, arising from its base; _m_, its mouth; _p_, the phæodium, which is partly thrown out by the nasal openings, filling up the galea and nasal tube. Fig. 5. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., × 200 1757 _h_, The two hemispherical inner valves of the shell and the enclosed central capsule, seen from the oral side; _d_, the radiate operculum of the astropyle, seen in the frontal fissure between the two valves; _n_, the nucleus; _k_, the crystals; _g_, galea; _g_^1-_g_^5, the styles arising from the galea; _t_, nasal tube; _m_, mouth of it. Fig. 6. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., × 600 1757 Oral part of a central capsule, in profile. _o_, Opening of the proboscis; _d_, radiate operculum of the astropyle, which gives rise to the proboscis; _e_, the outer, _i_, the inner membrane of the capsule; _k_, groups of crystals; _n_, nucleus. Fig. 7. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., ×1000 1757 Three single groups of crystals, taken from the central capsule. Fig. 8. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., × 300 1757 One inner valve of the shell, in profile. _h_, hemispherical valve; g, galea; _g_^1-_g_^5, the tubes arising from it; _t_, rhinocanna or nasal tube; _m_, its mouth; _b_, frenulum. Fig. 9. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., × 400 1757 _g_, The galea; _t_, rhinocanna of one inner valve; _m_, its mouth; _p_, phæodella filling up both the galea and the mouth of the rhinocanna. _g_^1-_g_^5, the styles arising from the galea; _s_, sieve-plate, which separates the cavity of the galea from the hemispherical valve (_h_). View in profile. Fig. 10. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., × 300 1757 An anchor-pencil of the outer shell. Fig. 11. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., ×1000 1757 A single anchor-thread of a pencil. Fig. 12. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., × 300 1757 Terminal branches of a style. Fig. 13. _Coeloplegma murrayanum_, n. sp., ×1000 1757 A single terminal branch of a style. [Illustration: (FAR-ÖER-CHANNEL) COELOPLEGMA MURRAYANUM.] PLATE 128. LEGION PHÆODARIA. Order PHÆOCONCHIA. Family COELOGRAPHIDA. Fig. 1. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp., × 50 1754 Lateral view of the entire shell. The central capsule is visible between the two valves of the inner shell. The galeæ and rhinocannæ of the two inner valves are filled up by the black phæodium. Fig. 2. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp., × 100 1754 The two valves of the inner shell; the galeæ and rhinocannæ of which are filled up by the black phæodium. Between the mouth of the two rhinocannæ is prominent the proboscis of the astropyle, arising from the radiate operculum of the central capsule. The latter contains numerous crystals and a big dark nucleus. Lateral view. Fig. 3. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp., × 200 1754 The rhinocanna or the nasal tube of one valve, and the latticed frenulum which connects its mouth with the top of the galea. Fig. 4. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp., × 80 1754 Distal end of a style. Fig. 5. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp., × 200 1754 Terminal branches of a style. Fig. 6. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp., × 600 1754 Lateral branch of a style, with an anchor-pencil. Fig. 7. _Coelospathis ancorata_, n. sp., × 300 1754 The lateral margins of the latticed valves of the outer shell or mantle, catching into one another, without being connected directly. Fig. 8. _Coelospathis octostyla_, n. sp., × 300 1754 Terminal branches of a style. Fig. 9. _Coelospathis octodactyla_, n. sp., × 400 1755 A single terminal branch of a style. [Illustration: COELOSPATHIS.] PLATE 129. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Orders ACTINELLIDA et ACANTHONIDA. Families ASTROLOPHIDA, LITHOLOPHIDA, CHIASTOLIDA et ASTROLONCHIDA. Fig. 1. _Actinelius primordialis_, n. sp., × 100 730 The red central capsule, coloured by carmine, contains numerous intensely stained nuclei. Fig. 2. _Litholophus decapristis_, n. sp., × 300 735 The conical central capsule contains numerous nuclei. The calymma exhibits on the distal end of each spine a coronet of myophriscs. Fig. 3. _Chiastolus amphicopium_, n. sp., × 150 738 Sixteen diametral spines pierce the spherical, red coloured capsule. The conical sheets of the calymma bear myophriscs. Figs. 3_a_, 3_b_. Two isolated diametral spines exhibiting the peculiar spiral revolution at their central part, × 300 Fig. 4. _Xiphacantha ciliata_, n. sp., × 300 761 The spherical central capsule is coloured red. The yellowish calymma envelops the radial spines completely. The polygonal network of lines, in which the radiating pseudopodia are symmetrically arranged, is partly visible. Fig. 5. _Xiphacantha ciliata_, n. sp., × 300 761 The central part of the skeleton, exhibiting the central junction of the radial spines. Fig. 6. _Acanthometron dolichoscion_, n. sp., × 300 743 Central capsule of a young specimen; in its upper half the peculiar kidney-shaped nucleus is visible, with its invagination; in the lower half some nucleated yellow cells are visible (intracapsular xanthellæ). These and the nucleus are stained by carmine. Fig. 7. _Acanthometron dolichoscion_, n. sp., × 300 743 Cleavage of an isolated nucleus, with four buds. Fig. 8. _Acanthometron dolichoscion_, n. sp., × 300 743 A central capsule with four large budding nuclei; and numerous small spherical nuclei produced by gemmation. Fig. 9. _Acanthonia tetracopa_, n. sp., × 400 749 Central capsule of s young specimen, with a large, irregularly lobate nucleus. Fig. 10. _Acanthonia tetracopa_, n. sp., × 400 749 An isolated nucleus, exhibiting the peculiar invagination, with its circular folds, and the connection with the flatly conical nucleolus. Fig. 11. _Acanthonia tetracopa_, n. sp., × 800 749 Four flagellate spores. [Illustration: 1. ACTINELIUS, 2. LITHOLOPHUS, 3. CHIASTOLUS, 4.-11. ACANTHONIA.] PLATE 130. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Order ACANTHONIDA. Family ASTROLONCHIDA. Fig. 1. _Acanthometron bulbiferum_, n. sp., × 300 745 Fig. 2. _Acanthometron cylindricum_, n. sp., × 200 743 Fig. 3. _Lithophyllium gladiatum_, n. sp., × 200 754 Fig. 4. _Stauracantha quadrifurca_, n. sp., × 300 764 Fig. 5. _Stauracantha orthostaura_, n. sp., × 200 762 Fig. 6. _Phatnacantha icosaspis_, n. sp., × 400 765 Fig. 7. _Pristacantha polyodon_, n. sp., × 300 766 Fig. 8. _Pristacantha dodecodon_, n. sp., × 300 766 Only the central parts and the leaf-cross. Fig. 9. _Pristacantha octodon_, n. sp., × 200 765 [Illustration: 1. 2. ACANTHOMETRON. 3. LITHOPHYLLIUM. 4.-6. STAURACANTHA. 7.-9. PRISTACANTHA.] PLATE 131. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Order ACANTHONIDA. Family QUADRILONCHIDA. Fig. 1. _Quadrilonche mesostaura_, n. sp., × 300 777 Fig. 2. _Quadrilonche platystaura_, n. sp., × 100 777 Fig. 3. _Xiphoptera dodecactena_, n. sp., × 200 778 The central capsule with the central part of the skeleton. Fig. 4. _Lonchostaurus bifurcus_, n. sp., × 300 773 Fig. 5. _Lonchostaurus crystallinus_, n. sp., × 400 773 Fig. 6. _Lonchostaurus rhomboides_, n. sp., × 200 772 The radial spines are completely enclosed in the rhombic calymma, the surface of which is covered with small plates, similar to those in the shell of the Sphærocapsida. Fig. 7. _Zygostaurus amphithectus_, n. sp., × 300 774 The square central capsule envelops the half skeleton. Fig. 8. _Zygostaurus sagittalis_, n. sp., × 300 775 Fig. 9. _Lithoptera tetraptera_, n. sp., × 300 779 Fig. 10. _Lithoptera quadrata_, n. sp., × 300 780 The central part of the skeleton is enclosed by the four-lobed central capsule. [Illustration: 1.-3. QUADRILONCHE, 4.-6. BELONOSTAURUS, 7. 8. LONCHOSTAURUS, 9. 10. LITHOPTERA.] PLATE 132. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Orders ACTINELLIDA ET ACANTHONIDA. Families ASTROLOPHIDA, ASTROLONCHIDA et AMPHILONCHIDA. Fig. 1. _Amphilonche lanceolata_, n. sp., × 300 783 Fig. 2. _Amphilonche hydrotomica_, n. sp., × 300 786 The spindle-shaped central capsule is filled up with small granules. The clear calymma forms conical sheaths for the spines, with myophriscs. Fig. 3. _Amphilonche diodon_, n. sp., × 300 783 Fig. 4. _Amphilonche concreta_, n. sp., × 100 787 A complete specimen with the cylindrical central capsule. Fig. 4_a_. Central part of the skeleton, × 400 Fig. 5. _Amphilonche violina_, n. sp., × 300 787 Fig. 6. _Amphilonche conica_, n. sp., × 300 785 The ellipsoidal central capsule contains numerous nuclei and is enclosed by the calymma. The conical sheaths of the latter include the radial spines completely and exhibit coronets of myophriscs. Fig. 7. _Acantholonche amphipolaris_, n. sp., × 200 790 Fig. 8. _Acantholonche peripolaris_, n. sp., × 300 791 Fig. 9. _Amphibelone pyramidata_, n. sp., × 300 789 Fig. 10. _Amphibelone cultellata_, n. sp., × 400 789 The central capsule contains numerous spherical nuclei and is enclosed by the hyaline calymma, which forms conical sheaths around the spines. Fig. 11. _Stauracantha johannis_, n. sp., × 400 763 Basal part of a radial spine, exhibiting the peculiar torsion of the basal leaf-cross and the central apex. Fig. 12. _Astrolophus solaris_, n. sp., × 200 732 Fig. 12_a_. A group of larger and smaller radial spines united in the centre. Fig. 12_b_. Three isolated spines (one larger and two smaller), × 200 [Illustration: 1.-6. AMPHILONCHE, 7. 8. ACANTHOLONCHE, 9.-12. AMPHIBELONE.] PLATE 133. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Order SPHÆROPHRACTA. Families SPHÆROCAPSIDA, DORATASPIDA et PHRACTOPELTIDA. Fig. 1. _Phractopelta dorataspis_, n. sp., × 300 852 Fig. 2. _Dorypelta tessaraspis_, n. sp., × 300 858 Fig. 3. _Stauropelta cruciata_, n. sp., × 400 859 Fig. 4. _Pantopelta icosaspis_, n. sp., × 400 855 Meridional section through the double shell. Fig. 5. _Octopelta scutella_, n. sp., × 400 856 Proximal part of two meeting spines, isolated. Fig. 6. _Orophaspis furcata_, n. sp., × 400 818 Fig. 7. _Porocapsa murrayana_, n. sp., × 300 800 The central capsule is filled up by spherical vacuoles and enclosed by the porous shell; in the centre radii of small granules (nuclei ?) occur. Fig. 8. _Cannocapsa stethoscopium_, n. sp., × 300 801 The shell alone. Fig. 9. _Astrocapsa coronata_, n. sp., × 400 799 Middle part of one spine with the four aspinal holes. Fig. 9_a_. Transverse section of a radial spine, with the four surrounding aspinal holes and the neighbouring part of the shell, × 400 Fig. 10. _Astrocapsa stellata_, n. sp., × 400 799 Part of one spine, with the aspinal holes and their four triangular teeth. Fig. 11. _Cenocapsa nirvana_, n. sp., × 200 802 The entire shell, with its pavement of small plates and the twenty cruciform perspinal holes. Fig. 11_a_. A group of small ovate plates which compose the shell; in each plate a dimple with a porule, × 400 Fig. 11_b_. A cruciform perspinal hole, seen from the face, × 400 Fig. 11_c_. A cruciform perspinal hole, with its four teeth, seen in profile, × 400 [Illustration: 1.-5. PHRACTOPELTA, 6. OROPHASPIS, 7. POROCAPSA, 8. CANNOCAPSA, 9. 10. ASTROCAPSA, 11. CENOCAPSA.] PLATE 134. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Order SPHÆROPHRACTA. Family DORATASPIDA. Fig. 1. _Dodecaspis tricincta_, n. sp., × 400 834 The enclosed central capsule contains numerous spherical nuclei. Fig. 2. _Lychnaspis minima_, n. sp., × 400 841 Six-sided basal pyramid of an equatorial spine, with the leaf-cross, seen from the centre. Fig. 3. _Zonaspis cingulata_, n. sp., × 400 834 Equatorial section through the central capsule. n, nuclei; g, yellow bodies (intracapsular xanthellæ). Fig. 4. _Zonaspis cingulata_, n. sp., × 800 834 Central pyramidal base of an equatorial spine, with the leaf-cross. Fig. 5. _Stauraspis cruciata_, n. sp., × 400 831 Central union of the radial spines, three polar spines being taken off. Fig. 6. _Lychnaspis longissima_, n. sp., × 400 841 Fig. 7. Lychnaspis minima, n. sp., × 400 841 Five-sided basal pyramid of a tropical spine, with the leaf-cross, seen from the centre. Fig. 8. _Lychnaspis minima_, n. sp., × 400 841 Six-sided basal pyramid of a polar spine, with the leaf-cross, seen from the centre. Fig. 9. _Icosaspis elegans_, n. sp., × 400 844 An isolated polar plate. Fig. 10. _Icosaspis cruciata_, n. sp., × 400 844 An isolated equatorial plate. Fig. 11, 12. _Dorataspis species_, × 100 Diagram of the composition of the shell of twenty plates (and also of the central union of the basal leaf-cross). Fig. 11. Oblique equatorial aspect. Fig. 12. Accurate polar aspect (compare p. 804, 805). Fig. 13. _Coscinaspis isopora_, n. sp., × 400 828 An isolated equatorial plate (with two aspinal and six coronal pores). Fig. 14. _Coscinaspis isopora_, n. sp., × 400 828 Two isolated tropical plates (_b_, northern; _d_, southern), each with two aspinal and five coronal pores. Fig. 15. _Diporaspis nephropora_, n. sp., × 400 816 Fig. 16. _Acontaspis hastata_, n. sp., × 400 829 [Illustration: 1.-5. DODECASPIS, 6.-8. LYCHNASPIS, 9. 10. ICOSASPIS, 11.-14. COSCINASPIS, 15. DIPORASPIS, 16. ACONTASPIS.] PLATE 135. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Order SPHÆROPHRACTA. Families SPHÆROCAPSIDA et DORATASPIDA. Fig. 1. _Hylaspis serrulata_, n. sp., × 300 846 Fig. 2. _Lychnaspis undulata_, n. sp., × 400 841 Fig. 3. _Lychnaspis giltschii_, n. sp., × 400 839 The spherical central capsule is enclosed in the shell. Fig. 4. _Lychnaspis rottenburgii_, n. sp., × 400 841 Fig. 5. _Zonaspis æquatorialis_, n. sp., × 300 834 Fig. 6. _Sphærocapsa cruciata_, n. sp., × 150 798 The entire shell, with its twenty cruciate perspinal holes. Fig. 7. _Sphærocapsa cruciata_, n. sp., × 800 798 Insertion of one spine in the cruciate perspinal hole of the shell. Fig. 8. _Sphærocapsa quadrata_, n. sp., × 800 798 A group of pores and dimples in the shell surface. Fig. 9. _Sphærocapsa dentata_, n. sp., × 800 798 Insertion of one spine in the cruciate perspinal hole of the shell. Fig. 10. _Sphærocapsa pavimentata_, n. sp., × 800 798 Insertion of one spine in the perspinal hole of the shell, which is composed of four cruciate aspinal holes and surrounded by a group of dimples and pores. [Illustration: 1.-5. LYCHNASPIS, 6.-10. SPHAEROCAPSA.] PLATE 136. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Orders SPHÆROPHRACTA ET PRUNOPHRACTA. Families DORATASPIDA et BELONASPIDA. Fig. 1. _Tessaraspis arachnoides_, n. sp., × 300 836 Fig. 2. _Icosaspis tabulata_, n. sp., × 200 843 Fig. 3. _Icosaspis icosastaura_, n. sp., × 400 846 Fig. 4. _Icosaspis elegans_, n. sp., × 300 844 Fig. 5. _Tessaraspis concreta_, n. sp., × 400 838 Fig. 6. _Phatnaspis cristata_, n. sp., × 400 869 Fig. 7. _Phatnaspis haliommidium_, n. sp., × 200 871 Central capsule within the shell--outline. Fig. 8. _Coscinaspis polypora_, n. sp., × 300 827 A single lattice-plate of the shell. Fig. 9. _Phatnaspis lacunaria_, n. sp., × 400 869 [Illustration: 1.-5. TESSARASPIS, 6.-9. PHATNASPIS.] PLATE 137. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Order SPHÆROPHRACTA. Family DORATASPIDA. Fig. 1. _Phractaspis complanata_, n. sp., × 400 809 Fig. 2. _Phractaspis prototypus_, n. sp., × 400 809 Fig. 3. _Phractaspis constricta_, n. sp., × 400 810 Fig. 4. _Pleuraspis horrida_, n. sp., × 400 811 Fig. 5. _Stauruspis stauracantha_, n. sp., × 300 832 Fig. 6. _Stauruspis stauracantha_, n. sp., × 600 832 A single spine. Fig. 7. _Echinaspis echinoides_, n. sp., × 300 833 Fig. 8. _Echinaspis echinoides_, n. sp., × 800 833 A single spine. Fig. 9. _Coscinaspis parmipora_, n. sp., × 400 827 [Illustration: 1.-3. PHRACTASPIS, 4. PLEURASPIS, 5. 6. STAURASPIS, 7. 8. ECHINASPIS, 9. DORATASPIS.] PLATE 138. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Order SPHÆROPHRACTA. Family DORATASPIDA. Fig. 1. _Coscinaspis peripora_ (vel _Dorataspis peripora_), n. sp., × 300 826 Fig. 2. _Dorataspis fusigera_, n. sp., × 400 813 Fig. 3. _Dorataspis micropora_, n. sp., × 300 815 Fig. 4. _Dorataspis typica_, n. sp., × 300 815 Fig. 4_a_. Polar view of the central union of the twenty spines, × 300 815 Fig. 5. _Ceriaspis inermis_, n. sp., × 400 821 Fig. 6. _Ceriaspis favosa_, n. sp., × 400 821 Fig. 7. _Hystrichaspis fruticata_, n. sp., × 300 825 Fig. 8. _Hystrichaspis pectinata_, n. sp., × 300 822 Fig. 9. _Hystrichaspis furcata_, n. sp., × 400 822 Fig. 10. _Hystrichaspis dorsata_, n. sp., × 300 823 Fig. 11. _Hystrichaspis cristata_ (vel _Siphonaspis cristata_, n. sp.), × 400 823 [Illustration: 1.-4. DORATASPIS, 5. 6. CERIASPIS. 7.-11. HYSTRICHASPIS.] PLATE 139. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Order PRUNOPHRACTA. Families BELONASPIDA et HEXALSPIDA. Fig. 1. _Hexacolpus nivalis_, n. sp., × 300 880 Fig. 2. _Hexalaspis heliodiscus_, n. sp., × 300 875 Fig. 3. _Hexaconus ciliatus_, n. sp., × 300 876 Fig. 4. _Hexaconus serratus_, n. sp., × 300 877 _c_, Central base of an equatorial spine; _d_, central base of a tropical spine. Fig. 5. _Hexaconus coronatus_, n. sp., × 300 877 Fig. 6. _Hexaconus velatus_, n. sp., × 300 877 Marginal view of the shell. Fig. 7. _Hexaconus vaginatus_, n. sp., × 300 877 Fig. 8. _Thoracaspis bipennis_, n. sp., × 300 862 Fig. 9. _Belonaspis datura_, n. sp., × 400 863 [Illustration: 1.-7. HEXALASPIS, 8. THORACASPIS, 9. BELONASPIS.] PLATE 140. LEGION ACANTHARIA. Order PRUNOPHRACTA. Families BELONASPIDA, HEXALASPIDA et DIPLOCONIDA. Fig. 1. _Diploconus amalla_, n. sp., × 300 885 Fig. 2. _Diploconus hexaphyllus_, n. sp., × 300 886 Fig. 3. _Diploconus cyathiscus_, n. sp., × 300 885 Fig. 4. _Diploconus cotyliscus_, n. sp., × 400 886 Polar view. Fig. 5. _Diplocolpus serratus_, n. sp., × 300 888 Fig. 6. _Diplocolpus cristatus_, n. sp., × 400 887 Fig. 7. _Diplocolpus costatus_, n. sp., × 400 887 Fig. 8. _Diplocolpus sulcatus_, n. sp., × 300 888 Fig. 9. _Diplocolpus dentatus_, n. sp., × 300 888 Meridional section through the centre of the shell. Fig. 10. _Hexacolpus infundibulum_, n. sp., × 300 881 Fig. 11. _Hexacolpus trypanon_, n. sp., × 300 881 Fig. 12. _Hexaconus echinatus_, n. sp., × 300 878 Fig. 13. _Coleaspis vaginata_, n. sp., × 300 866 Meridional section through the shell. Fig. 14. _Coleaspis hydrotomica_, n. sp., × 400 867 Fig. 15. _Hexonaspis hexapleura_, n. sp., × 400 879 A single spine with its thick apophyses. Fig. 16. Hexonaspis hastata, n. sp., × 400 879 [Illustration: 1.-3. DIPLOCONUS. 4.-8. DIPLOCOLPUS. 9.-12. HEXACONUS. 13. 14. COLEASPIS. 15.-16. HEXONASPIS.] * * * * * * [Illustration: Track of H.M.S. Challenger, Decr. 1872 to May 1876.] * * * * * Corrections made to printed text Plate 4, heading: 'Order BELOIDEA. Family Sphærozoida.' corrected from 'Order LARCOIDEA. Family Tholonida.' Plate 22, fig. 11: 'quadricuspis' corrected from 'quadricuspsis'. Plate 31, fig. 9: 'distyliscus' corrected from 'dictyliscus'. Plate 45, fig. 11: 'maclaganium' corrected from 'maclagganium' (per text). Plate 66, fig. 3: 'dioscoridis' corrected from 'discoridis'. Plate 96, heading: 'Lithobotryida' corrected from 'Lihtobotryida'. Plate 105, fig. 11: 'gemmascens' corrected from 'gemmasceus' Plate 128, fig. 2: 'rhinocannæ' (first time) corrected from 'rhinnocannæ' *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE RADIOLARIA COLLECTED BY H.M.S. CHALLENGER DURING THE YEARS 1873-1876, PLATES *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. 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