The Project Gutenberg eBook of Signora Fantastici (A Dramatic Proverb) This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. *** This is a COPYRIGHTED Project Gutenberg eBook. Details Below. *** *** Please follow the copyright guidelines in this file. *** Title: Signora Fantastici (A Dramatic Proverb) Author: Madame de Staël Translator: Frank J. Morlock Release date: November 1, 2003 [eBook #4665] Most recently updated: May 20, 2013 Language: English Credits: Produced by Dagny and Frank J. Morlock *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIGNORA FANTASTICI (A DRAMATIC PROVERB) *** Produced by Dagny and Frank J. Morlock This Etext is for private use only. No republication for profit in print or other media may be made without the express consent of the Copyright Holder. The Copyright Holder is especially concerned about performance rights in any media on stage, cinema, or television, or audio or any other media, including readings for which an entrance fee or the like is charge. Permissions should be addressed to: Frank Morlock, 6006 Greenbelt Rd, #312, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA or frankmorlock@msn.com. Other works by this author may be found at http://www.cadytech.com/dumas/personnage.asp?key=130 SIGNORA FANTASTICI (A DRAMATIC PROVERB) BY MADAME DE STAEL (1811) Translated and adapted by F. J. Morlock CHARACTERS: Mr. De Kriegschenmahl, former Swiss officer Mrs. De Kriegschenmahl, his wife Licidas Rodolphe Signora Fantastici Zepherina, her daughter A Commissioner who stutters The action takes place in a town in the German parts of Switzerland. NOTE: MR. de Kriegschenmahl and Rodolphe are played with a German accent. Madame de Kriegschenmahl has an English accent. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: My friend, if you could stop smoking that pipe you would please me greatly, in truth, greatly. It spoils the odor of the tea. The smoke soils my white dress. In truth, it's quite disagreeable. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What do you want, my wife? Each country has its customs. In England you drink warm water all day. It's tasteless, it's insipid! The pipe is more military; it reminds me of my youth. I've been married to you for twenty-five years, Madame de Kriegschenmahl. Can't you get used to me? MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: For twenty five years your customs have revolted me. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: For twenty-five yeas your prudery has annoyed me. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: That's really polite. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: It's quite complaisant. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: When you were in love with me-- MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: When you wanted to marry me-- MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: I was greatly trifled with. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: I was indeed less annoyed. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: We are still happy together. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Yes, quite happy. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: But sometimes, I should like-- MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What? MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Something else. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What do you mean, Madame de Kriegschenmahl? MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Don't be upset, Mr. de Kriegschenmahl; I have a bounty to ask of you. For twenty-five years we've made a party of whist every night. I'd like to try this French game they say is so gay: Reversi. Do you consent to it, my dear husband? I wouldn't permit myself to do it without your approval. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: I give it to you. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Ah, how good you are! We could try it with our two sons. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Yes. That will be a family match. That's always a pleasure. But haven't you noticed that for some time your cherished son, the one you named Licidas, is 24 years old? On account of this English novel you haven't had time to finish. Well! Licidas de Kriegschenmahl is very rarely at home. Where's this leading? MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Licidas is too well brought up for me to suspect his conduct. I'm sure he's busy with the new agricultural course which has just started up. He loves the country, solitude; he's modest and timid. Not the same as your Corporal Rodolphe. Truly, as for me, his mother, he frightens me when he talks. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: He's a man of sense, my younger son is. He doesn't have the complexion of roses and lillies like your Licidas. He isn't made for domestic life like you and your son; but he's reasonable and I'll go so far as to bet that your Licidas will commit more stupidities than Rodolphe. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Stupidities! What do you mean? My son, who's never left my home and who's decided never to leave us, while Rodolphe spends his life, will I dare say it? in the guard room. Yes, I blush when I think of it. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: And where would you have him be? MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Around his mother, sir. Around his mother. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Do you imagine so? But here's Licidas.--What's wrong with him today? MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: His hair is all undone. He staggers as he walks. My God! Could some misfortune have happened to him? MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: This son, so modest, so timid: would he be drunk somewhere? LICIDAS: (entering, reciting from the role of Hippolytus) Friends, what say you? You who've known my heart since my birth. Can you ask me the sentiments of a heart so proud, so disdainful? MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What's happened to you my son? How bold your looks are. You make me lower my eyes. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: My son. Have you lost your good senses? LICIDAS: Mother, Father, pardon. But you don't know how beautiful the part is that I was just rehearsing; you don't know the Signora Fantastici and her charming daughter Zepherina. How I pity you! MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: My son, what are you saying to us? These are names I've never heard mentioned and yet I wandered about the country when I was young. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: My son, I fear the people of whom you are speaking are not of a society suitable to a well brought up young man. LICIDAS: Mother, they are two charming Italians, mother and daughter. They arrived a few days ago, and I've never been so amused until I became acquainted with them. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What are you saying, Licidas? Amused! Is their company worth that of your aunt Ehrenschwand to whose home we go every Monday? LICIDAS: A thousand times better, mother. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Better than the Tuesday soirees at your cousin Cunegonde's? LICIDAS: Even better. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Is it credible? MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: You will never persuade me that it's more amusing at her place than at this club where we smoke by day sometimes three, sometimes six, sometime nine pipes? LICIDAS: Yes, father. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: And what's done there? LICIDAS: They're putting on a play there. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Ah! My God! That's ruinous. A young man of 24 acting in a play. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: It's fine for a woman to act in a play; but a man must make war, always war. LICIDAS: But father--when we are at peace? MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: That makes no difference. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: I would be very upset if you were making war. That's much too rough for my darling son. But act in a play! Truly, that makes me shudder! Never would my mother or my grand-mother have imagined such a thing. LICIDAS: If you were to see Signora Fantastici she would please you. She's so animated, so lively! She recites verses, she sings. Her daughter does the same thing. And as for me, I already know the responses; they've taught me to declaim the way they do. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Ah, my God! He's ruined! LICIDAS: I intend to follow Signora Fantastici. I intend to go to Italy with her. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Ah, Heaven! MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Why what's all this, Mr. Licidas? LICIDAS: Father, I'm too bored here. Everyone says the same thing here, from the beginning of the year until the end. How are you? they say to Mother. Very well, she replies. The weather's indeed cold today. It's true but last year, about the same time it was much worse. Do you think so, says my old cousin. I am of your opinion, replies my aunt. And the next day it starts all over. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Behold the impertinent! LICIDAS: Father is always telling us about the same siege. The one at Troy didn't last as long. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Will you stop! If I-- LICIDAS: Signora Fantastici has a new idea every day. Music, pictures, poetry fill and vary her life. Father and Mother, I really ask your forgiveness but I intend to follow Signora Fantastici. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Ah! We shall know how to prevent you. But here is your brother Rodolphe who will set you straight. RODOLPHE: (entering) Hello Father--how's the pipe going? Hello Mother, how are your nerves? I pity the fact you have such things. As for me, I don't have nerves, I've got devilishly good health. And you, brother, I find you even more jolly than usual. Would you like to enlist? Here I am quite ready to get you into my regiment. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Do you know what he wants to enlist in? It's a troupe of actors. RODOLPHE: What? An actor! That's abominable. If he had such an idea I'd run him through with my sword. I don't know much about acting but I imagine that it's unworthy of a soldier. And I don't want to hear it spoken of. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: That's well reasoned. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: My son, you see what you are exposing us to? Now here's your brother going to pass for someone wiser than you. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Come, come, Madame. Don't you lament; he's going to set the lad straight. I am going to find my friend the Commissioner. And he will make this Signora Fantastici who puts trouble in all heads--leave. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: My dear friend, don't get so excited. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: My wife, have a care of restraining me, for By Jove, when I set myself to it, I frighten myself. (to Rodolphe) So watch over your brother and don't let him leave here. RODOLPHE: That's fine, papa. (Exit Mr. and Mrs. De Kriegschenmahl) RODOLPHE: Ah, brother mine, so you are playing pranks, too. You who my mother was always citing to me as a model? So at the moment it is I who am your mentor. LICIDAS: What do you want, brother? I thought there were only two ways of living in this world. Like my father or like my mother; like you or like me. And I much preferred mine. But since I became acquainted with Signora Fantastici I would really like to resemble her. Come see her with me. RODOLPHE: Me? Desert my post! How can you think of it? I am remaining steady here until my father's return. And indeed I will prevent you from leaving. LICIDAS: Ah, my God! What a bore! Suppose I were to rehearse during this time the verse that the Signora gave me to learn. It's the declaration of Hippolytus. But it has to be addressed to Aricie. Fine. My brother is precisely at my right. He's what's needed. Stay there Rodolphe, stay there. RODOLPHE: Surely I'm staying here. Why are you commanding me to do what I wish? LICIDAS: "You see before you a lamentable prince." RODOLPHE: Why's he saying "lamentable?" Isn't that the same thing as pitiful? Why are you saying that about yourself? That's very modest. LICIDAS: "My bow, my javelins, my chariot all importune me And my idle horses.--" RODOLPHE: What? What chariot, what horses are you talking about? You always go by foot. LICIDAS: Leave me alone; it's in my part. Shut up! RODOLPHE: And what does the princess say to your love? LICIDAS: Ah! Do you want me to teach you the reply? That would be charming. You will say to me the word of reclama. RODOLPHE: The word of reclama! What the devil sort of statement is that? Isn't it rather the pass word you mean? Every day, I say it to the patrol.-- Who's this little girl who's coming towards us? She's dressed funny, but she's pretty. On my oath, she's pretty! LICIDAS: It's the charming daughter of Signora Fantastici, Miss Zepherina. They will have pity on my captivity. ZEPHERINA: (entering) Hello, Licidas. LICIDAS: Hello, Zepherina. Where is Signora Fantastici? ZEPHERINA: She's going to come. She's staying in the street to purchase some helmets and some armor in a shop. RODOLPHE: Helmets and armor! And what's she intend to do with 'em? ZEPHERINA: The first play that we will perform will be entirely military. RODOLPHE: Entirely military! My pretty child; and how will you set about it? ZEPHERINA: Licidas will be a cavalry man. And you? Why wouldn't you make a second? RODOLPHE: Me! Ah--for goodness sake! ZEPHERINA: And why not? You think perhaps you have bad form? RODOLPHE: No, truly. I don't think that. ZEPHERINA: My mother will correct you. RODOLPHE: And in what, Miss--if you please? ZEPHERINA: To march straight ahead as you are doing, from being rough, clumsy. RODOLPHE: Miss, I intend to remain as I am. ZEPHERINA: Sir, you are wrong. Look here. Your brother had the air of a ninny. RODOLPHE: Oh, that's true. ZEPHERINA: Well. Now he has a free and easy bearing. RODOLPHE: Not so much so as yet. ZEPHERINA: That will come. But let's see what can be made of you. RODOLPHE: Nothing. ZEPHERINA: What! You cling to minor roles? Would you like to be a guard at the back of the stage? RODOLPHE: No, Miss. ZEPHERINA: Perhaps you would simply play the bear in The Hunters and the Milkmaid. RODOLPHE: Miss-- ZEPHERINA: One of my mother's friends has that part; he won't let you have it. RODOLPHE: Miss. I don't wish to play a thing. Not to play anything at all. Do you understand? ZEPHERINA: Not possible! What would you do then? RODOLPHE: What would I do? By Jove, I'd do what I am. Captain Rodolphe Kriegschenmahl. ZEPHERINA: Now that's fine. My mother is also Signora Fantastici; me--Zepherina Fantastici. But you need to be good for something. My job is that of young female leads. And you sir, would you believe it? I think well enough of you to give you the role of Renaldo in Armida. LICIDAS: Ah, Zepherina. What are you thinking of? That's mine. ZEPHERINA: Let me do it, let me do it. It's necessary to attract beginners. The role will revert to you. RODOLPHE: Renaldo and Armida? What's that? That doesn't relate to someone in our social circle? I don't wish to shock anyone. ZEPHERINA: No, I assure you, don't worry. But look--try-- RODOLPHE: This child amuses me; I'd really like to act with her. ZEPHERINA: Take off your big boots. RODOLPHE: I never take them off. Not even at night. ZEPHERINA: Still. Take them off. RODOLPHE: I'd really like to, but I'll get cold in my legs. ZEPHERINA: Take off your saber. RODOLPHE: Miss. ZEPHERINA: You will take it back. RODOLPHE: Soon! You cannot leave your saber to trifle. ZEPHERINA: I would like you to shave your mustaches. RODOLPHE: Ah! that no. For goodness sakes, that's contrary to regulations. ZEPHERINA: But when I have to put a crown of roses on your head, how's that going to look with mustaches? RODOLPHE: Oh! That's true; that will go ill. And yet I love roses, after the smell of tobacco, it's the best odor I know of. ZEPHERINA: Seem to go to sleep. RODOLPHE: Sometimes I sleep. Often, actually. But I don't seem to be asleep. Must I close my eyes for that? ZEPHERINA: Yes, without doubt; I am coming to kill you when you are asleep. RODOLPHE: Then return my saber to me, Miss. For in the end that's not fair. ZEPHERINA: Your face pleases me. Touch me, and prepared to strike you, I will let the poignard fall. RODOLPHE: Ah, now that's charming. If my face pleases you, I can kiss you. ZEPHERINA: Ah, no! RODOLPHE: So much the worse. ZEPHERINA: You are waking up. RODOLPHE: I'm awake. ZEPHERINA: You rise. RODOLPHE: Here I am standing. ZEPHERINA: Ah. Not like that. Your actions must be soft, smooth. RODOLPHE: But my uniform is so tight that I cannot move my arms except to exercise. ZEPHERINA: Exercise! How dreadful! Take off your shirt and put on my shawl in its place. RODOLPHE: Your shawl? What's this signify, little witch? ZEPHERINA: Obey! RODOLPHE: Why look at that! She talks to me like my general. ZEPHERINA: I am that, your general. You belong to us. RODOLPHE: Me! I am not engaged. I didn't sign my enlistment. ZEPHERINA: Dance with me. Hold the end of this shawl. Come on--turn. (Rodolphe dances with Zepherina; Licidas watches them laughing.) RODOLPHE: Brother, you are laughing. I'm going. (gets wrapped up in the shawl and falls down) Ah, cursed shawl. (The door opens; Mr. and Mrs. Kriegschenmahl enter with the Commissioner.) MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: My son. What a state you are in! Has your brother fought with you? LICIDAS: No, mother. It's Signora Zepherina who was making him rehearse a lesson in dancing. She was Armida, he was Renaldo. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: My son; I never would have believed this of you. RODOLPHE: Nor I. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Finally, all this is going to finish. COMMISSIONER: Yes, yes. Al-All this i-is going to finish. LICIDAS: Ah, here's Signora Fantastici (Signora Fantastici enters) ZEPHERINA: Ah, mother. I'm very glad to see you. There's a terrible problem here. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Is the ending approaching? But it's not sufficiently prepared. My dear Licidas, present me to your father and your mother. I will be charmed to know them. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Me! That will give me very little pleasure. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: And as for me, Madame, I should have wished that the obscurity of our life would spare us all this uproar. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: I get it. One is of the abrupt type, like you would say of The Beneficent Bear. The roles of the uncle and the tutor. As to the other, the prudes. These are easy roles. But one has a German accent and the other an English accent. Which serves very well, why very well. LICIDAS: Signora. Content yourself with the sons and don't try to bring the father and the mother. That can't be done. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Who told you it cannot be done? It's only a question of tearing men from their habits. You have to make them feel the interest of a new life and the insipidity of their own. You must awaken their imaginations, and they are ours. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Come on, Commissioner, do your duty. COMMISSIONER: Madame I, I am re-responsible SIGNORA FANTASTICI: For what? COMMISSIONER: To order you-- SIGNORA FANTASTICI: To order me! And you are trembling. That tone is not used to command. COMMISSIONER: To leave town immediately. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Me? And by what right, I beg you? COMMISSIONER: Wha-what right? Am I not the Commissioner of this suburb? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Yes, but only a judge can grant or refuse a travel visa. And the judge will do me justice. He loves the arts, he loves poetry. Beware he doesn't dismiss you for having infringed on his rights. COMMISSIONER: It's true wha-what she says, The Signora. It's a sad thing being a subaltern! I was hoping to be a judge in the last election, but a cabal p-p-prevented me. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Do you know the cause of your not being named? COMMISSIONER: No. But it appeared to me the public was sh-shocked. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Yes, a very calm shock. But as for me, I will tell you that it is your difficulty speaking that was the cause of it. COMMISSIONER: Yes, it's true. I have a-a little trouble speaking. But my mother told me it would give me dignity. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Your lady mother was surely right. But stammering is a great handicap in haranguing the public. COMMISSIONER: And what must I do to correct it? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Act in a play. COMMISSIONER: Me? Act in a play. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: A role of judge. COMMISSIONER: A role of judge. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Twice a week. And you'll be judge for 3 hours. COMMISSIONER: The Municipal Council only meets once a week. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: So you'll be judge twice as long on my stage than on yours. COMMISSIONER: Will I be able to wear the same robe? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: The same. COMMISSIONER: And they'll obey me? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Better than you've obeyed me. COMMISSIONER: And will there be riots? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: With four lines of blank verse you will calm them. COMMISSIONER: Four lines of b-blank verse! Will that imperil the life of an honest man? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Not at all. Not even that of a bad poet. COMMISSIONER: Why this is a charming idea! Judge, twice a week. A beautiful gown, power and no danger. Signora, I am yours. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Pass to this side. You, Captain Rodolphe, will never quit my daughter. RODOLPHE: No, surely, Signora: she's my Armida. If I go to Italy with her I will still be Rinaldo, right? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Yes, without a doubt. Nevertheless, once in a while you'll lend yourself to the role of Sacripant. You must be versatile in social troupes. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Husband, what's going to become of us? Our children are leaving us. We'll remain alone with each other. How sad that is. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Madame de Kriegschenmahl--what will we say to each other when we are alone? MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What we've already said, my dear spouse. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Ah, I don't know that much. Let's try to appease Signora Fantastici. (to The Signora) Madame, don't carry off my two sons, the consolation of my old age. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: That's fair. You must be an excellent father. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Ah. She's beginning to listen to reason. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Yes. A father in a play. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What, Madame! SIGNORA FANTASTICI: If you like you will play aristocratic fathers. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Aristocratic fathers! Why, certainly. The Kriegschenmahls are gentlemen from father to son. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: What! Your ancestors have all been actors? MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Madame, what do you mean? Do you mean to offend me? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: No, assuredly--but I am taking your sons with me. They please me. I will perfect their education. The younger will play the heroes; the older, tender roles. The former will become stronger, the latter more sweet. And in ten years from now I will send them back to you charmers. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Ah, madame. What must be done so as not to separate from them? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Listen, I'm a good person; I don't enjoy causing pain to whoever it may be, but I insist that the rights of poetry be respected in me. Too much prose, sir, too much prose in this house! MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What! Madame? I cannot order my dinner in prose from Madame de Kriegschenmahl? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Poetry doesn't consist only of verse, but in love for the arts, in enthusiasm and imagination, which raises the soul and the spirit. It proscribes all manner of sentiments, vulgarity, undemocratic ideas under the weight of which you've spent your entire life! Listen to me. I am going to give a party to a charming woman that illness keeps at home and who supports her sufferings with admirable courage. Now that's poetry for heaven's sake, true poetry. Would you play a role in the play we want to perform for her? MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What are you thinking of, Madame, me? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: There will be a siege of a town in it. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: A siege! And do you think my gout will prevent me from rising to the assault? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: We will take care that the ramparts will be easy to approach. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: And I will take the town? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Without a doubt. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Ah, what a pleasure for me; I've always been beaten. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: You see plainly that acting repairs the faults of destiny. And you, Madame de Kriegschenmahl, we pray you to accept in our play the role of a respectable woman. MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: And why so respectable? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Excuse me, I thought-- MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Do you think that the one wouldn't be as agreeable as the other? SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Well! Madame. Play the great flirts. I abdicate and I give them to you. MR. DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: What now, Madame De Kriegschenmahl? MADAME DE KRIEGSCHENMAHL: Dear spouse, control your jealous transports. I will be a flirt only on the stage. Everywhere else--you know me. SIGNORA FANTASTICI: Now then, here we are all content and we are going to celebrate suitably, the triumph of poetry over prose. CURTAIN *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIGNORA FANTASTICI (A DRAMATIC PROVERB) *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others. This particular work is one of the few individual works protected by copyright law in the United States and most of the remainder of the world, included in the Project Gutenberg collection with the permission of the copyright holder. Information on the copyright owner for this particular work and the terms of use imposed by the copyright holder on this work are set forth at the beginning of this work. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that: • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works. • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate. While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate. Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org. This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.