The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Precious Name, Proofs of the Godhead, and a Hymn This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: The Precious Name, Proofs of the Godhead, and a Hymn Author: J. Church Release date: January 23, 2019 [eBook #58761] Language: English Credits: Transcribed by David Price. Many thanks to the British Library for allowing their copies to be consulted for this transcription *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PRECIOUS NAME, PROOFS OF THE GODHEAD, AND A HYMN *** Transcribed by David Price, ccx074@pglaf.org. Many thanks to the British Library for allowing their copies to be consulted for this transcription [Picture: Public domain book cover] The Precious Name, Proofs of the Godhead and a Hymn by John Church [Picture: Picture of John Church] THE PRECIOUS NAME OF JESUS. {1} THE adorable Redeemer is stiled Jehovah 330 times in the Old Testament—he is called God 90 times in the Old Testament—he is called God 25 times in the New—he is called the Son of God 41 times—he is called the Son of man 60 times—he is glorious in holiness, in all his works and ways, and independently possesses an essential glory as God, equal with the Father, an ever blessed Spirit, a glory as the Son of God, a personal glory as God-man, a mediatorial glory in the work of redemption, a relative glory as the great and only head of the Church, a declarative glory in all his works of Creation, Grace, and Providence; there is no end of his greatness to them only which believe he is gracious—his name is as ointment poured forth. There is one blessed effect which the Name of Jesus has upon the mind and conduct of believers, worthy of attention, and that is _reverence_. The Names of Jesus being precious, lovely, and blessed, are had in particular reverence by all them that fear him. Hence we are said to serve God acceptably, with reverence, and godly fear—that reverence which God approves, himself produces; and this reverence is necessary in the use of his Names—in the godly conversation of saints, and in the public ordinances of his appointment. The first instance is the mark I aim at—to treat the subject according to its importance would fill a volume. What Christian to whom this Name is dear, but must lament the abuse of it among the carnal and ungodly people of the world—“Surely, because of swearing, the land mourneth.” What horrid oaths, what dreadful imprecations, what loud and repeated calls on God, on Christ, to blast the members and faculties of soul and body, although God has given many a public signal of his disapprobation of such conduct, by answering their prayers in a moment, and suddenly driving them to destruction and perdition—O! you that once were slaves to such an infernal custom, but now called out of darkness into light—what are your feelings when you hear this best of Names blasphemed? When you call to remembrance your past conduct, surely you can exclaim, “by the grace of God I am what I am.” What humility, contrition, and godly sorrow do you feel, upon every renewed sense of past folly—and what gratitude do you feel to him who hath made you to differ. And to endear that Name to you now, which was once profaned by you, (but leaving the world of the ungodly) I must come nearer home, even to those who profess better things; and bear my testimony against the prevalent folly of many professors. There appears an inseparable connection between love and fear—I mean that holy, child-like, filial fear that God has promised to give his children—“I will put my fear in their hearts:”—this fear is of especial service to the saints; and when in exercise they can resist almost any temptation—witness Joseph’s conduct. When it is not in exercise, the believer is in danger of falling into sin, or complying with the first temptation that presents itself. This fear is only the effect of spiritual knowledge, and the love of God, as reconciled and well pleased with us.—While faith apprehends the love of God, our love is led forth to him in sweet return; and is attended with a holy spiritual awe—viewing the majesty of his person, and the glory of his character, although the soul is admitted into the most sweet familiarity with God.—When this is the case the Name of Jesus is precious indeed; and when this is not the state of the soul, there is a love, and a fear of the dear, the dreadful name of the LORD THY GOD!—And surely such souls can never hear or read, with pleasure, the pompous titles given to sinful men, as his Holiness—which is an attribute of Deity—as, the Most, or Right Reverend Father in God, Lord of such a place—or even the common name given to ministers in general, as the Reverend so and so—the term Reverend, belongs to God alone, as God—Holy and Reverend is his Name—and no one beside. I wish great men, and good ministers, to have all the respect paid them becoming their stations, but not at the expence of the Divine honour.—Another part of this folly is evident, from the light and trifling manner in which the Name of God is used in the pulpit—as swearing by his life, which is customary among some good ministers, and their hearers copy after them—so that upon every trifling occasion, we hear the dogmatical and awful oath pronounced, “As God liveth—as the Lord liveth,” it is so and so; and, perhaps, to an assertion that we have only their _ipse dixit_ for.—O ye ministers of the Lord Jesus—do not use this term so frequent; for I do not think any one has a right to swear by God’s life but himself, who, because he could swear by none greater sware by himself in the Covenant, to be the God of his Church.—How prevalent is this profanity among the professors of the day—when upon almost every meeting, parting, and common conversation, they break out in this unguarded and impious language—“Good God!—Good Lord!—Lord Jesus!—God bless you!”—with other expressions of the like kind.—What the excellent Cowper observes, is worthy of remark, as it contains a sharp reproof to worldlings, and profane professors. Oaths terminate, as Paul observes, all strife; Some men have surely, then, a peaceful life, In every tale they tell, or false or true, Well known, or such as no man ever knew— They fix attention, heedless of your pain, With oaths, like rivets, forc’d into your brain! A Persian, humble servant of the Sun, (Who, tho’ devout, yet bigotry had none) Hearing a Lawyer, grave in his address, With adjurations, every word impress— Suppos’d the man a Bishop! or at least, God’s Name upon his lips—a Priest! Bow’d at the close, with all his graceful airs, And begg’d an interest in his fervent prayers! _Only call to mind the third Commandment_! This subject the libertine may treat with contempt, and say, What have we to do with the law of commands—why it was only made for carnal characters; they will be judged by it! But surely the children of God, who love and esteem the Name of their Father, God, their Saviour, Jesus, will not, must not, blaspheme their Names.—Time would fail to mention all the ways by which the Name of Jesus is slighted, in light conversation on religious topics.—I wish to be understood here; I do not mean that upon the Name of Jesus, people are to adopt the Popish system of bowing the head or drop a curtsey, nor put on a fearful, dismal gloom; but to speak of his Name, Person, and Work, soberly, discreetly, yet affectionately; and upon their separation from each other, to commend each to God, with a degree of solemnity and christian affection—as “Farewell—Grace and Peace be with you—The Lord be with you;”—while the heart sweetly replies “and with thy spirit!” Reverence in prayer, I love and prize—access to God with an holy boldness, but not impudence; nor a gloomy, horrid countenance, as if we were addressing a God that hated us. How solemn and how sweet the address of certain characters, to Jesus—“Lord save me!—Lord help me!—Lord that I might receive my sight!—Lord Jesus receive my spirit”—Let the word of God be your rule in all things—so in an attendance on the public means, be reverent, be serious, be cheerful—in an early attendance—let not your religion disturb the religion of others—if late, do not rush into your seats, while the minister is in prayer. How painful to hear the females come in with pattens on—and others opening and shutting their pews—some coughing and sneezing, so loud as to hurt the feelings, and almost turn the temper of the most amiable ministers in the world, to smother them.—Another species of irreverence I have long noticed with grief, among many dissenters—as soon as the last sentence of the Sermon is pronounced, many directly rush out of Chapel, as though they were glad it was over—in some cases it is excusable; a person may be faint in a warm place—others, in service—some obliged to hasten to their families; they may be excused.—I wish every congregation showed as much reverence in the close of service, as a certain place of worship I had the honour once to preach in—none went out till the Benediction was pronounced; and not till the whole assembly had stood still for the space of one or two minutes: How lovely the sight! Do ye, dissenters, adopt the same plan—it will show your love to the Gospel of Jesus, and to his assemblies. I readily grant that these things have nothing to do with our salvation; but surely no believer will object to them, as they are designed for the honour of that dear Name, in whom centers all our felicity. I might mention many other blessed effects which are produced by the Holy Spirit’s making this Name precious to believers; but I forbear to enlarge on any other particulars—only the bare mention of a few things—an humble reliance, trust, and confidence in him—“they that know thy Name will put their trust in thee.” Supreme love to his Person, Works, Ways, Ministers, Truths, and Dispensations—submission to his Will—a desire to be conformed to his Image—to be like him—to enjoy much communion with him—and to be for ever with him, in a state of endless felicity.—These effects deaden us to the world, mortify sin, lead us to deny all self-righteousness, keep us near him, humble the soul, and create the most intense desire that others may be made acquainted with this Name. This is our refuge, our joy, our glory—“the Name of the Lord is a strong tower; the righteous runneth in and are safe.” Ye children of the most high God, this Jesus is yours, in the most exalted sense of the word, if you are driven out of every lying refuge, and can say, Other refuge have I none; Hangs my helpless soul on thee! Dear Name!—the rock on which I build.—To him, with the Father, and the Spirit, three co-equal Persons in one God, be glory for ever. AMEN. * * * * * The following NAMES, EPITHETS, and APPELLATIONS, are expressive of the NATURE, GLORY, PROPERTIES, OFFICES, and RELATIONS of that GOD-MAN whom Angels ADORE, and Saints ADMIRE and LOVE above all Things.—The Initial Letters of the Verses point out his inestimably precious Name. _Tell me_, _I pray thee_, _thy Name_. Gen. xxxii. 29. J EHOVAH, God, Almighty, Jah, I Am; E manuel, Shiloh, Lord of Hosts, the Lamb; S ecret Desire of Nations, Bridegroom, Lord; U nchangeable, Eternal, King, the Word; S aviour, the Branch, the Lord our Righteousness; C ounseller, Root of Jesse, Prince of Peace; H oly, True, Faithful, Brother, Father, Friend; R edeemer, High Priest, Life, Beginning, End; I mmortal Shepherd, Husband, Shield, and Sun; S eed of the Woman, precious Corner-Stone; T he Way, the Truth, Messiah, God alone. J. C. FINIS. R. Weston, Printer, Crosby Row, Southwark. * * * * * PROOFS OF THE Godhead of the Holy Spirit. ADDRESSED TO ALEXANDER. SIR, Since you have mounted the scorner’s chair, and set your tongue against the heavens, by denying the glorious doctrine of the Godhead, divinity, personality, and of course the offices and operations of God the eternal Spirit, I consider it my duty to address you. I once considered you sound in the faith—but alas, how have you fallen, and fallen for the mean the beggarly purpose of a morsel of bread, and your conscience knows it. I should not perhaps have troubled you with this letter, but you are so very busy in making converts to this your opinion—not contented with going to hell yourself, you are determined to drag others with you. I make no apology for this abrupt address, but assure you, that if you die in these awful sentiments of denying the Godhead, divinity and distinct personality of the Holy Spirit, your end will be awful indeed; to treat his sacred person with such awful contempt is shocking, and to teach others so to do adds to your crime. That there is a Holy Spirit you pretend not to deny—but “What is it?” say you and your deluded followers; “O nothing but a _mere breath_, _a point_, _a mere emanation_, that’s all!” Pray Sir, where did you get this information from? not from the Bible that is plain; where then but from other fools like yourself, and now imposing these ridiculous notions upon your hearers as if you had been the original author of them; whereas, yourself can hardly tell what an emanation means. May the Lord restore you to truth, or open the eyes of your hearers to see your errors, and your base design in propagating them. But from the Scriptures of truth I am about to prove that the adorable Spirit is something more than a mere breath or an emanation; and that the ever-blessed Spirit is a person God blessed for evermore—and be it at your peril to contradict it. _Deny_ it you may—_reason_ about it you may—but overthrow it you never shall. Thousands of hearts, tongues and pens have been employed in this black work before you was born, who are gone to the judgment seat of God to answer for this crime; and without you relinquish your notions, without humbling grace, and the pardon of this sin, so will you. To the law and testimony, without one word of reason from me, let the word speak, and we shall find something more than emanation. The adorable Spirit is described as a person; and every one knows that a person is a _living_, _thinking_, _intelligent_ being, endowed with _will_ and _understanding_; and such is the Holy Spirit. He communicates natural and spiritual life to mankind, he must therefore possess it himself. He wills what he pleases, which would be ridiculous to suppose of an emanation. He divideth to every man severally as _He_ will. He knoweth all things, yea, the deep things of God—this can never be said of a mere point of light. Personal actions are ascribed to him in not less than twenty particulars in the new Testament— He shall convince the world of sin; then he must be a person if he be capable of convincing another of his mistakes, as all the following actions prove this point. He teacheth all things; a human teacher is a person, so surely is a divine one. He is a comforter—sheds abroad the love of God—takes of the thing, of Christ—shews them unto us—applies the promises—declares our pardon is the earnest and seal of a promised heaven—he is one of the Three that bears witness in heaven—testifies of Christ—bears witness to the Saints—acts as a spirit of grace and supplication—helps the saints in prayer—makes intercession in them—gives gifts to his people—calls, qualifies, orders, commands, and directs his ministers—dwells in the saints and will raise their bodies in the last day. Now if all these are not personal actions, I leave every sensible person to judge; surely none but persons destitute of reason can deny such infallible testimony; besides, love, grief, being rebelled against, vexed, provoked, lied unto, blasphemed, sinned against with an unpardonable sin, which can never apply to a mere breath, a quality, an attribute, or an emanation. I judge how you, sir, and in general all that have been and now are in the ditch. Apply these glorious scriptures—that they belong to the Father, say some; no, they belong to Christ, says another; whereas, it is plain that the blessed Spirit is distinct from both. The Redeemer declares, “The Lord God and his _Spirit_ hath sent me.” He is called the Spirit of his Son—he is to be sent from the Father. His work which is set forth in the above-mentioned texts is distinct from the work of the Father and the Son. His glorious appearance at the baptism of Christ proves the same fact; so his name mentioned at the baptism of believers. He is called Jehovah Lord and God; the incommunicable perfections of God are in him, and all the glorious works peculiar to God are said to be done by him. Eternity—he is the eternal Spirit—he is omnipresent, omniscient, and omnipotent—he brought creation into order—gave life to all—formed the starry heavens—made man—directs the affairs of providence—endited the Bible—formed the sacred body of Christ—and at last raised it from the dead; he is also worshipped with the Father and the Son, and so must be distinct from both; he is not the godhead of the Son, because he is distinct from the Son, hence he is called the Spirit of his Son. A few more proofs of the dignity, Godhead, and personality of the Holy Spirit out of a vast abundance I shall here introduce. My design in this little tract is the glory of the blessed Spirit—the establishing and confirming those who are taught of God—to put a sword into the hands of the young Christian to recover backsliders, and to shame those who have apostatized from their profession of this truth. Oh for a blessing upon this humble attempt! but this is dependant upon God the Holy Ghost. I am not writing a body of divinity. I have not abilities for that; but only stating those truths which are dear to my heart, and producing a few out of the many Scriptures, to prove the Godhead of the Saviour and the ever-blessed Holy Spirit. A few must suffice here. John iii. 6.—“That which is born of the Spirit.” 1 John, v. 4.—“Whatsoever is born of God.” Here the spiritual birth is attributed to the _Spirit_—to _God_. Therefore the Holy Spirit is God. * * * * * Acts xiii. 2.—“The Holy Ghost said—separate _me_ Barnabas and Saul, for the work whereunto I have called them.” Heb. v. 4.—“No man taketh this honour to himself, but he that is called of _God_.” Therefore the Spirit is God. * * * * * Matt. ix. 38.—“Pray ye, therefore, the Lord of the harvest, that _he_ will send forth labourers into _his_ harvest.” Acts xiii. 4.—“So they being set forth by the Holy Ghost.” This proves the Holy Ghost is the Lord of his harvest. * * * * * Luke ii. 16.—“And it was revealed unto him by the Holy Ghost, that he should not see death before he had seen the Lord Christ.” Verse 28.—“And he blessed God, and said, Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, according to _thy word_.” This Word was the Word of the Holy Ghost, and is _God_ and _Lord_, to be blessed and praised. John xiv. 17.—“_He_, the Spirit of Truth, dwelleth in you, and shall be in you.” 1 Cor. xiv. 25.—“_God_ is in you, of a truth.” 2 Tim. iii. 14.—“All Scripture is given by inspiration of God.” 2 Peter xxi—“Holy men of old spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.” John iv. 41.—“It is written in the prophets, and they shall all be taught of _God_.” 1 Cor. ii. 13.—“Not in the word which man’s wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Ghost teacheth.” Acts v. 3.—“Why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost?” Verse 4.—“Thou hast not lied unto men, but unto _God_.” 1 Cor. iii. 16.—“The temple of _God_ is holy, which temple are ye?” 1 Cor. vi. 19.—“Know ye not that your bodies are the temples of the Holy Ghost?” Dent. vi. 14.—“Thou shall not tempt the Lord thy God.” Acts v. 9.—“How is it that ye have agreed to tempt the spirit of the Lord?” Matt. xix. 17.—“There is none good but one, that is God.” Psalm clxxiii. 10.—“Thy Spirit is good; lead me.” * * * * * I might mention many more, with a vast many proofs of this sublime doctrine, but I trust you will be led to read them in the Scriptures with a grace-taught eye, and rejoice in the truth as you discover and feel it. “There are three which bear record in heaven”—the Father; the Word, (as Son of God) and the Holy Spirit; and these _three_ are _one_—not merely one person, bearing three _names_, but three persons—nor yet three gods, but only _one_ in essence—_three_ in persons, distinct in personality, names and office. This sacred Three bear record to the Sonship, Godhead, Divinity, and Dignity of Christ. So they also bear record to the consciences of God’s dear people—that they are the Lord’s. The record of the Father is, “Yea, I have loved thee;”—the record of the Son is, “I have redeemed thee;”—and the record of the Spirit is, “I have called thee.” It is necessary this grand point should be well understood by the Lord’s people, that they may enjoy distinct holy communion with, and give equal glory to, the adorable Author of Salvation. It was my lot to fall in with, and to be often situated with characters who were inimical to this grand fundamental truth. Swedenborg denied the existence of the Father and the Holy Spirit. Socinians, Arians, and Sabellians, either in one form or another, deny the Godhead of Christ, and the personality of the Holy Spirit. Thus, amongst this motley group, they leave us no God at all. Many have been my conflicts with such; but the Word is so plain upon the subject, that it needs no comment, only by comparing a very few out of the many scriptures of truth, and drawing a very reasonable inference from the plainest testimony. This has been done by an excellent author, the rev. W. Jones; and the great Mr. Macgowan, in his “Twenty Letters to J. Priestly, D.D.” I will only compare a few texts together, and you will see the beauty of truth. As— Isaiah vi. 5—“Mine eyes have seen the King, the Lord of Hosts.” John xii. 41.—“These things said Esias, when he saw his (Christ’s) glory, and spake of him.” “Therefore Jesus is the Lord of Hosts.” Isaiah xliii. 11. * * * * * Isaiah xliii. 11.—“I, even I, am the Lord, and besides me there is no Saviour.” 2 Peter iii. 18.—“Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.” _Then Jesus Christ is Jehovah_, _the Saviour_. * * * * * Rev. xxii. 6.—“The Lord God of the Holy Prophets sent his angel to shew unto his servants things which must shortly be done.” Rev. v. 16.—“I, Jesus, have sent mine angel to testify these things unto the churches.” Therefore Jesus is the Lord God of the Prophets. * * * * * Isaiah xliv. 6.—“Thus saith the Lord, the King of Israel, and his Redeemer, the Lord of Hosts, I am the first, and I am the last, and besides me there is no God.” Rev. xxii. 13.—“I (Jesus) am the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last.” This is too plain to be denied. Christ is the King of Israel, the Redeemer, the Lord of Hosts, the first and the last. * * * * * Psalm lxxviii. 56.—“They tempted and provoked the Most High God.” 1 Cor. x. 9.—“Neither let us tempt Christ, as some of them also tempted.” Christ must be, therefore, the Most High God. * * * * * Isaiah xxxvii. 5.—“For thy Maker is thy husband, the Lord of Hosts is his name.” John iii. 29.—“He that hath the bride is the bridegroom.” Psalm xxiii.—“The Lord (Jehovah) is my shepherd.” John x. 16.—“There shall be one fold and one shepherd.” Christ must be the Lord of Hosts. * * * * * Psalm c. 3.—“Know ye that the Lord he is God, we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture.” John x. 3.—“He calleth his own sheep.” Therefore, Christ he is the Lord God and shepherd. * * * * * John xx. 28.—“And Thomas answered and said, my Lord and my God.” Romans ix. 5.—“Of whom, as concerning the flesh, Christ came; who is over all, God, blessed for ever.” Christ is, therefore Lord and God. Isaiah ix. 6.—“And his name shall be called The Mighty God.” Rev. i. 8.—“I am the Almighty.” * * * * * I might here fill a volume of immense size, to prove the same fact; but when God gives a man up to Satanic delusion, he generally mounts the scorner’s chair, sets his tongue against the heavens, and endeavours to bring down the Almighty to his proud carnal reasonings. “Thus fools rush in, where angels fear to tread.” But, “God is a name my soul adores, Th’ Almighty Three, th’ Eternal One: Nature and grace, with all their powers, Confess the Infinite Unknown.” “Who art one God, one Lord; not one only person, but three persons in one substance. For that which we believe of the glory of the Father, the same we believe of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, without any difference or inequality. Therefore, with Angels and Archangels, and with all the company of heaven, we laud and magnify thy glorious, name; evermore praising thee, and saying, Holy, holy, holy Lord God of hosts, heaven and earth are full of thy glory: Glory be to thee, O Lord most high. Amen.” * * * * * * * * * * Weston, Printer, Crosby-row, Borough. * * * * * [Picture: Graphic of a vase with Resurgam written on it] A HYMN, COMPOSED ON THE OCCASION OF THE DEATH OF MR. JOSEPH MATTHEWS, _Who departed this Life_, _on the_ 24t_h_ _of February_ 1827, _after a long and severe illness_. GREAT God, we bow to thy decree, And own thy sentence right; Thy sov’reign voice has call’d away Our brother from our sight. Dear Jesus, we believe thou art The sinner’s only friend; Nor death, nor hell shall ever part, For we on thee depend. No more our brother’s rack’d with pain, Or hears the tempter roar: O! may thy spirit us defend, From sin and Satan’s pow’r. O, Lord! our eyes are up to thee In this distressing hour, Thine handmaid bless, and grant that we May thy rich grace adore. Eternal love will still provide, Though mortals die around; The Lord, at times, may seem to chide, But faithful he is found. We will rejoice our brother’s gone To Jesu’s welcome breast; At his right hand he shall be found, Eternally to rest. * * * * * _N.B._ _The Profits_, _arising from the sale of this Hymn_, _will be appropriated for the benefit of the Widow_, _and four young Children_. [PRICE TWO-PENCE.] FOOTNOTES. {1} These three pieces are tightly bound in the British Library copy, and are preceded by _Voice of Faith in the Valley of Achor_, _Vol. II._ However, they are clearly not part of _Voice_ (which was published by R. Thomas in 1820) as two of these were published (undated) by R. Weston. John Church used R. Thomas as his printer until around 1822 (_Glory of Grace_), and used R. Weston from 1823, which puts the first two around then. The Hymn, from 1827, is the last known published work by John Church, who died in 1833.—DP. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PRECIOUS NAME, PROOFS OF THE GODHEAD, AND A HYMN *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that: • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works. • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate. While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate. Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org. This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.