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Title: Shipbuilding from its beginnings. Vol. 2 (of 3)

Author: E. van Konijnenburg

Release date: September 5, 2024 [eBook #74361]

Language: English

Original publication: Belgium: The Permanent International Association of Congress of Navigation, 1913

Credits: Chris Curnow, Reiner Ruf, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)


*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHIPBUILDING FROM ITS BEGINNINGS. VOL. 2 (OF 3) ***
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                          Transcriber’s Notes

  This e-text is based on the three-volume book ‘Shipbuilding from Its
  Beginnings,’ from 1895. Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation have
  been retained; punctuation and typographical errors have been
  corrected.

  Specific font styles have been marked by using the following special
  characters:

      italics:    _underscores_
      small caps: ~tildes~

  ####################################################################




                            [Illustration]




                             SHIPBUILDING

                                 FROM

                            ITS BEGINNINGS

                            [Illustration]




                   SHIPBUILDING FROM ITS BEGINNINGS

                                  BY

                     E. VAN KONIJNENBURG, ~C. E.~,

         _ENGINEER OF THE RIJKSWATERSTAAT OF THE NETHERLANDS_

                               1895-1905

                               PUBLISHED

                                  BY

                THE PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION

                                  OF

                       CONGRESSES OF NAVIGATION

         EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE--OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL

                        38, RUE DE LOUVAIN, 38

                               BRUSSELS

                                VOL. II




                          MIDDELLANDSCHE ZEE
                         (Zuidelijk Centrum).

                         MITTELLÄNDISCHES MEER
                       (Südlicher Mittelpunkt).

                           MEDITERRANEAN SEA
                          (Southern Centre).

                           MER MÉDITERRANÉE
                         (Centre Méridional).




[Illustration: Fig 1.]

  6000-4000 ~jaar vóór Christus.~

  6000-4000 ~Jahre vor Chr. Geb.~

  6000-4000 ~years B. C.~

  6000-4000 ~ans avant J.-Chr.~

  (~Morgan~)


  ~Egyptische schepen.~

  ~Ägyptische Schiffe.~

  ~Egyptian boats.~

  ~Bateaux égyptiens.~


[Illustration: Fig. 2.]

  Pagaaien.

  Pageien.

  Men using paddles.

  Pagayeurs.

  (Torr)


[Illustration: Fig. 3.]

  Roeien.

  Ruderer.

  Rowers.

  Rameurs.

  (Torr)


[Illustration: Fig. 4.]

  ~Het gereed maken van papyrus-bootjes bij de Oude Egyptenaren.~
  (Rijksmuseum van oudheden te Leiden.)

  ~Die Herstellung von Papyrusbooten bei den alten Ägyptern.~
  (Altertumsmuseum des Staates in Leyden.)

  ~Construction of papyrus boats among the ancient Egyptians.~
  (Museum of antiquities of the State of Leyden.)

  ~La confection des barquettes en papyrus chez les anciens Égyptiens.~
  (Musée d’antiquités de l’Etat à Leyde.)


[Illustration: Fig. 5.]

  ~Papyrusboot, das noch jetzt auf dem Tschadsee in Gebrauch ist.~
  (Schilfpirogue der Eingeborenen.)

  ~Papyrus boat still in use on Lake Tchad.~
  (Reed canoe of the natives.)

  ~Papyrus bootje zooals dit thans nog in gebruik is op het Tchadmeer.~

  ~Barquette en papyrus actuellement en usage sur le lac Tchad.~
  (Pirogue de roseaux des indigènes.)


[Illustration: Fig. 6.]

  1. ~Roeischip~; 2. en 3. ~Vrachtschepen der oude Egyptenaren.~

  1. ~Ruderschiff~; 2. und 3. ~Handelsschiffe der alten Ägypter.~

  1. ~Rowboat~; 2. and 3. ~Merchant boats of the ancient Egyptians.~

  1. ~Bateau a rames~; 2. et 3. ~Bateaux marchands des anciens
  Egyptiens.~


[Illustration: Fig. 7.]

  ~Gesleept wordend vrachtschip der oude Egyptenaren.~
  (Grafmonument, Rijksmuseum van oudheden te Leiden.)

  ~Geschlepptes Handelsschiff der alten Ägypter.~
  (Grabdenkmal im staatlichen Altertumsmuseum in Leyden.)

  ~Towed merchant vessel of the ancient Egyptians.~
  (Funeral monument, Museum of antiquities of the state of Leyden.)

  ~Bateau marchand remorqué des anciens Egyptiens.~
  (Monument funéraire, Musée d’antiquités de l’Etat à Leyde.)


  ~Model oud Egyp.-Schip. (Middelrijk ± 2200-1800 vóór Christus).~
  (Museum van oudheden, te Leiden.)

  ~Modell eines Schiffes aus Alt-Ägypten
  (Mittleres Reich ± 2200-1800 vor Chr. Geb.).~
  (Altertumsmuseum, in Leyden.)

  ~Model of an ancient Egyptian vessel
  (Middle Empire, about 2200-1800 B. C.).~
  (Museum of antiquities of Leyden.)

  ~Modèle d’un bateau de l’ancienne Egypte.
  (Moyen Empire ± 2200-1800 avant Jésus-Christ).~
  (Musée d’antiquités de Leyde.)

[Illustration: Fig. 8.]


[Illustration: Fig. 8.]


[Illustration: Fig. 9.]


[Illustration: Fig. 10.]

  Wassersport, 4. Jan. 1906, n^o 1.


[Illustration: Fig. 11.]

  ~Vervoer van een obelisk.~ (1600 v. Chr.).

  ~Transportation of an obelisk.~ (1600 B. C.).

  ~Beförderung eines Obelisken.~ (1600 v. Chr Geb.).

  ~Transport d’un obelisque.~ (1600 av. J.-Chr.).

  (~Holmes~)


[Illustration: Fig. 12.]

  ~Het opzetten der gaffels om het koord, dat het doorzadelen
  van het schip moet voorkomen, vast te zetten.~

  ~Das Aufstellen der Gaffeln (Gebeln) zur Befestigung des Taues,
  das die Längsbiegung des Schiffs verhindern soll.~

  ~Position of the forks intended to fix the cable which
  prevents the boat from sagging longitudinally.~

  ~Le placement des fourches destinées a fixer le cable qui doit
  empêcher la flexion longitudinale du bateau.~


[Illustration: Fig. 13.]


[Illustration: Fig. 14.]

  ~Egyptische handelsschepen.~ (Oude rijk.)

  ~Ägyptische Handelsschiffe.~ (Altes Reich.)

  ~Egyptian merchant vessels.~ (Ancient Empire.)

  ~Navires marchands égyptiens.~ (Ancien Empire.)


[Illustration: Fig. 15.]


[Illustration: Fig. 16.]


[Illustration: Fig. 16.]


~Oud Egypte:~

  ~1. Kleinood voorstellende een roeischip.~
  (Rijksmuseum van oudheden te Cayro.)

  ~2, 3 en 4. Roeischip der oude Egyptenaren uit het Middelrijk ±
  2200-1000 vóór Christus.~
  (Rijksmuseum van oudheden te Leiden.)


  ~Altes Ägypten:~

  ~1. Kleinod mit Darstellung eines Ruderschiffes.~

  ~2, 3 und 4. Ruderschiff der alten Ägypter; mittleres Reich ±
  2200-1000 vor Chr. Geb.~
  (Altertumsmuseum des Staates in Kairo.)


Ancient Egypt:

  ~1. Jewel representing a vessel with oars.~

  ~2, 3 and 4. Vessel with oars of the ancient Egyptians, Middle Empire
  ± 2200-1000 B. C.~
  (Museum of antiquities of the State of Cairo.)


Ancienne Egypte:

  ~1. Bijou représentant un bateau a rames.~

  ~2, 3 et 4. Bateau a rames des anciens Egyptiens, Moyen Empire ±
  2200-1000 avant J.-C.~
  (Musée d’antiquités de l’Etat, Le Caire.)


[Illustration: Fig. 17.]


[Illustration: Fig. 18.]


[Illustration: Fig. 19.]

  ~Schepen naar het land Punt.~
  (Nieuwe Rijk.)

  ~Schiffe die zwischen Ägypten und dem Lande «Punt» verkehren.~
  (Neues Reich.)

  ~Vessels trading between Egypt and the land of «Punt».~
  (New Empire.)

  ~Navires trafiquant entre l’Egypte et le pays de «Punt».~
  (Nouvel Empire.)


[Illustration: Fig. 20.]

  ~Scheppen naar het land «Punt».~
  (Nieuwe Rijk).

  ~Vessels trading between Egypt and the land of «Punt».~
  (New Empire).

  ~Schiffe die zwischen Ägypten und dem Lande «Punt» verkehren.~
  (Neues Reich).

  ~Navires trafiquant entre l’Egypte et le pays de «Punt».~
  (Nouvel Empire).


[Illustration: Fig. 21.]

  ~Slag van Ramses III tegen de barbaren.~
  (Plaat van Rossellini.)

  ~Schlacht des Ramses III gegen die Barbaren.~
  (Tafel von Rossellini.)

  ~Battle of Ramses III with the barbarians.~
  (Plate by Rossellini.)

  ~Bataille livrée par Ramses III contre les barbares.~
  (Planche de Rossellini.)


[Illustration: Fig. 22.]

  ~Een der schepen.~

  ~One of the vessels.~

  ~Eins der Schiffe.~

  ~Un des bateaux.~


[Illustration: Fig. 23.]

  ~Phœnicië (Layard) ± 700 jaar vóór Christus.~

  ~Phönizien (Layard) ± 700 Jahre vor Chr. Geb.~

  ~Phœnicia (Layard) About 700 B. C.~

  ~Phénicie (Layard) ± 700 avant Jésus-Christ.~


[Illustration: Fig. 25.]


[Illustration: Fig. 24.]


[Illustration: Fig. 27.]

  ~Grieksche schepen.~

  ~Griechische Schiffe.~

  ~Greek vessels.~

  ~Navires grecs.~


[Illustration: Fig. 26.]


[Illustration: Fig. 29.]


[Illustration: Fig. 28.]

  ~Romeinsche schepen (± 200 jaar vóór Christus).~ (Vergelijk fig. 66
  en 67.)

  ~Römische Schiffe (± 200 Jahre vor Chr. Geb.).~ (Siehe Abb. 66 und
  67.)

  ~Roman vessels (about 200 B. C.).~ (Compare figs 66 and 67.)

  ~Navires romains (± 200 avant Jésus-Christ).~ (Voir fig. 66 et 67.)


[Illustration: Fig. 30.]

  ~Grafmonument.~ (Museum van oudheden te Leiden.)

  ~Funeral monument.~ (Museum of antiquities of Leyden.)

  ~Grabdenkmal.~ (Im Staatlichen Altertumsmuseum in Leyden.)

  ~Monument funéraire.~ (Musée d’antiquités de Leyde.)


[Illustration: Fig. 31.]

  ~Romeinsch handelsschip.~ (Relief Kathedraal van Salerno.)

  ~Römisches Handelsschiff.~ (Relief der Kathedrale von Salerno.)

  ~Roman merchant ship.~ (Relief of the cathedral of Salerno.)

  ~Navire marchand romain.~ (Relief de la cathédrale de Salerne.)


[Illustration: Fig. 32.]

  ~Romeinsch handelsschip.~

  ~Römisches Handelsschiff.~

  ~Roman merchant ship.~

  ~Navire marchand romain.~


[Illustration: Fig. 33.]

  ~Schip der Middellandsche Zee.~

  ~Mittelmeer-Schiff.~

  ~Mediterranean Ship.~

  ~Navire de la Méditerranée.~

  (Fürtenbach 1629.)


[Illustration: Fig. 34.]

  ~Galei.~

  ~Galeere.~

  ~Galley.~

  ~Galère.~

  (Fürtenbach 1639.)


[Illustration: Fig. 35.]

  ~Carèbe arabe.~

  ~Arabische karebe.~

  ~Arabian carebe.~

  (Tunis.)


[Illustration: Fig. 36.]

  ~Galeien.~

  ~Galeeren.~

  ~Galleys.~

  ~Galères.~

  (Van Yk 1679.)


[Illustration: Fig. 37.]

  ~Carèbe tunisien.~

  ~Tunesische karebe.~

  ~Tunisian carebe.~


[Illustration: Fig. 38.]

  ~Galei.~

  ~Galeere.~

  ~Galley.~

  ~Galère.~

  (Louvre, Paris.)


[Illustration: Fig. 39.]

  ~Relief, Turm zu Pisa.~ (Siehe den doppelten Vordersteven mit der
  Karebe.)

  ~Relief, tower of Pisa.~ (Compare the double stern with the carebe.)

  ~Relief, toren van Pisa.~ (Vergelijk dubbele voorsteven met de
  carebe.)

  ~Relief de la tour de Pise.~ (Comparez la double étrave avec le
  carèbe.)


[Illustration: Fig. 40.]

  ~Carèbe.~

  ~Karebe.~

  ~Carebe.~


[Illustration: Fig. 41.]

  ~Galei.~

  ~Galeere.~

  ~Galley.~

  ~Galère.~

  (Louvre, Paris.)


[Illustration: Fig. 42.]

  ~Schepen van Venetie.~

  ~«Bucentaure»~

  ~Navires vénitiens.~

  ~Venetianische Schiffe.~

  ~«Bucentaur»~

  ~Venetian vessels.~


[Illustration: Fig. 43.]


[Illustration: Fig. 44.]


[Illustration: Fig. 45.]

  ~Galéasse.~

  ~Gallias.~


[Illustration: Fig. 46.]


[Illustration: Fig. 47.]

  ~Galei.~

  ~Galeere.~

  ~Galley.~

  ~Galère.~

  (Louvre, Paris.)


[Illustration: Fig. 48.]

  Chebec met latijnsche Zeilen.

  Schebecke mit lateinischen Segeln.

  Xebec with latin sails.

  Chebec à voiles latines.

  1750-1786


[Illustration: Fig. 49.]

  Chebec mystique.

  Mystische Schebecke.

  Mystic Xebec.

  1750-1786


[Illustration: Fig. 50.]

  Chebec Polacre.

  Polacker Schebecke.

  Polar Xebec.

  1810


[Illustration: Fig. 51.]

  Bombardeer Galjoot.

  Bombardier-Galiot.

  Bomb Ketch.

  Galiote à bombe.


[Illustration: Fig. 52.]

  Tartane.


[Illustration: Fig. 53.]

  Polacker.

  Polacre.

  Polar.


[Illustration: Fig. 54.]


[Illustration: Fig. 55.]


[Illustration: Fig. 56.]


[Illustration: Fig. 57.]


[Illustration: Fig. 58.]


[Illustration: Fig. 59.]


[Illustration: Fig. 60.]


[Illustration: Fig. 61.]

  ~De «Santa Maria» het Schip van Columbus.~

  ~Die «Santa Maria» des Christoph Columbus.~

  ~The «Santa Maria» of Christopher Columbus.~

  ~La «Santa Maria» de Christophe Colomb.~


[Illustration: Fig. 62.]

  ~Santa Maria.~


[Illustration: Fig. 63.]

  ~Holmes: Ancient and modern Ships~, p. 182.


[Illustration: Fig. 64.]

  (Van Yk)


[Illustration: Fig. 65.]


[Illustration: Fig. 66.]


[Illustration: Fig. 67.]


[Illustration: Fig. 68.]


[Illustration: Fig. 69.]


[Illustration: Fig. 70.]




                                OOSTZEE
                         (Noordelijk Centrum).

                                OSTSEE
                       (Nördlicher Mittelpunkt).

                              BALTIC SEA
                          (Northern Centre).

                             MER BALTIQUE
                        (Centre Septentrional).




[Illustration: Fig. 71.]


[Illustration: Fig. 72.]


[Illustration: Fig. 73.]


[Illustration: Fig. 74.]

  ~Oude opgegraven Vikingerschepen.~

  ~Alte Wikingerschiffe (ausgegraben).~

  ~Ancient Viking Vessels (unearthed).~

  ~Anciens navires des Vikings (exhumés).~


[Illustration: Fig. 75.]


[Illustration: Fig. 76.]


[Illustration: Fig. 77.]


[Illustration: Fig. 78.]


[Illustration: Fig. 79.]


[Illustration: Fig. 80.]

  ~Oude Vikingerschepen.~ (Museum te Kristiania.)

  ~Ancient Viking Vessels.~ (Christiania Museum.)

  ~Alte Wikingerschiffe.~ (Museum von Christiania.)

  ~Anciens Navires des Vikings.~ (Musée de Christiania.)


[Illustration: Fig. 81.]


[Illustration: Fig. 82.]


[Illustration: Fig. 83.]


[Illustration: Fig. 84.]


[Illustration: Fig. 85.]


[Illustration: Fig. 86.]

  ~Oostzee en Botnische Golf.~

  ~Ostsee und Botnischer Meerbusen.~

  ~Baltic sea and Gulf of Bothnia.~

  ~Mer Baltique et Golfe de Bothnie.~


[Illustration: Fig. 87.]


[Illustration: Fig. 88.]


[Illustration: Fig. 89.]


[Illustration: Fig. 90.]


[Illustration: Fig. 91.]

  ~Visschersvaartuigen – Oostzee.~

  ~Fischereifahrzeuge der Ostsee.~

  ~Fishing boats of the Baltic Sea.~

  ~Bateaux de pêche de la mer Baltique.~


[Illustration: Fig. 92.]


[Illustration: Fig. 93.]


[Illustration: Fig. 94.]


[Illustration: Fig. 95.]

  ~Vaartuigen van Lapland, waarmede de stroomversnellingen bevaren
  worden.~

  ~Fahrzeuge von Lapland, zum befahren der Stromschnellen.~

  ~Laplander boats used for running through rapids.~

  ~Embarcations de la Laponie, servant a traverser les rapides.~


[Illustration: Fig. 96.]

1200.


[Illustration: Fig. 97.]


[Illustration: Fig. 98.]

  ~Harderwyk.~
  14^e ~Eeuw.~


[Illustration: Fig. 99.]

1437.


[Illustration: Fig. 100.]

~Boston~ 1375.


[Illustration: Fig. 101.]

  14^e ~Eeuw.~

  14. ~Jahrhundert.~

  ~14th Century.~

  14^e ~Siècle.~


[Illustration: Fig. 102.]

13^e ~Eeuw.~


[Illustration: Fig. 103.]

  ~Amsterdam~

  15^e ~Eeuw.~

  15. ~Jahrhundert.~

  ~15th Century.~

  15^e ~Siècle.~


[Illustration: Fig. 104.]

13^e ~Eeuw.~


KOGGESCHIP.

KOGGE.

COG.

COGUE.


[Illustration: Fig. 105.]

  13^e ~Eeuw.~

  13. ~Jahrhundert.~

  ~13th Century.~

  13^e ~Siècle.~


[Illustration: Fig. 106.]

  ~Siegel der Stadt Poole.~

  ~Seal of the town of Poole.~

  ~Sceau de la ville de Poole.~


[Illustration: Fig. 107.]

  ~Siegel der Grafschaft Rutland.~

  ~Seal of the county of Rutland.~

  ~Sceau du Comté de Rutland.~


[Illustration: Fig. 108.]

  ~Siegel von Damme.~

  ~Seal of Damme.~

  ~Sceau de Damme.~


[Illustration: Fig. 109.]

  13^e ~Eeuw.~

  13. ~Jahrhundert.~

  ~13th Century.~

  13^e ~Siècle.~


[Illustration: Fig. 110.]

  ~Siegel von Dover.~

  ~Seal of Dover.~

  ~Sceau de Douvres.~

KOGGESCHIP.

KOGGE.

COG.

COGUE.


[Illustration: Fig. 111.]

  15^e ~Eeuw.~

  15. ~Jahrhundert.~

  ~15th Century.~

  15^e ~siècle.~

  (~Holmes~)


[Illustration: Fig. 112.]

  ~Tapijtwerk van Bayeux.~

  ~Wandteppich von Bayeux.~

  ~Bayeux Tapestry.~

  ~Tapisserie de Bayeux.~

  1066

  (~Holmes~)


[Illustration: Fig. 113.]

  900 ~na Chr.~
  ~Van een oude Angelsaxische Kalander.~

  900 ~nach Chr. Geb.~
  ~Nach einem alten Angel-Sächsischen Kalender.~

  900 A. C.
  ~According to an old Anglo-Saxon Calendar.~

  900 ~après J.-Chr.~
  ~D’après un ancien Calendrier Anglo-Saxon.~

  (~Holmes~)


[Illustration: Fig. 114.]

  ~Slag op de Maas~ (1351).

  ~Battle of the Meuse~ (1351).

  ~Schlacht an der Maas~ (1351).

  ~Bataille sur la Meuse~ (1351).


[Illustration: Fig. 115.]

  ~Slag op de Gouwe~ (1304).

  ~Schlacht an der Gouwe~ (1304).

  ~Battle of the Gouwe~ (1304).

  ~Bataille sur la Gouwe~ (1304).


[Illustration: Fig. 116.]

  ~Inneming van Damiate~ (1218). (Naar Schotel.)

  ~Einnahme von Damiette~ (1218). (Nach Schotel.)

  ~Taking of Damiette~ (1218). (According to Schotel.)

  ~Prise de Damiate~ (1218). (D’après Schotel.)


[Illustration: Fig. 117.]

  ~Inlading van Troepen.~ (Miniatuur van 1488.)

  ~Einschiffung von Truppen.~ (Miniatur von d. J. 1488.)

  ~Embarking troops.~ (Miniature of 1488.)

  ~Embarquement de troupes.~ (Miniature de 1488.)


[Illustration: Fig. 118.]

  ~Vlaamsche miniatuur, einde~ 15^e ~eeuw.~ (Philips van Kleef.)

  ~Flämische Miniatur, Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts.~ (Philipp von Cleve.)

  ~Flemish miniature, end of the 15th century.~ (Philips van Kleef.)

  ~Miniature flamande, fin du~ 15^e ~siècle.~ (Philippe de Clèves.)


[Illustration: Fig. 119.]

  ~Schip met 24 stukken~ (1482). (Miniatuur.)

  ~Schiff mit 24 Kanonen~ (1482). (Miniatur.)

  ~24 Gun ship~ (1482). (Miniature.)

  ~Navire avec 24 pièces~ (1482). (Miniature.)


[Illustration: Fig. 120.]


[Illustration: Fig. 121.]

  15^e ~Eeuw.~

  ~15. Jahrhundert.~

  ~15th Century.~

  15^e ~siècle.~


[Illustration: Fig. 122.]


[Illustration: Fig. 123.]

  ~Brugge: Hospitaal St-Jan.~

  ~Brügge: Hospital St-Johann.~

  ~Bruges: St-John’s Hospital.~

  ~Bruges: Hôpital St-Jean.~


[Illustration: Fig. 124.]


[Illustration: Fig. 125.]


[Illustration: Fig. 126.]


[Illustration: Fig. 127.]

  ~Vlaamsche gravuren~ 15^e ~Eeuw (Meester W. A.).~

  ~Flämische Stiche aus dem 15. Jahrhundert (Meister W. A.).~

  ~Flemish engravings of the 15th Century (W. A. Maître).~

  ~Gravures flamandes du~ 15^e ~Siècle (Maître W. A.).~


[Illustration: Fig. 128.]


[Illustration: Fig. 129.]


[Illustration: Fig. 130.]


[Illustration: Fig. 131.]

  ~Vlaamsche Gravuren~, 15^e ~eeuw~ (~Meester W. A.~).

  ~Flämische Stiche aus dem 15. Jahrhundert (Meister W. A.).~

  ~Flemish engravings of the 15th Century (W.A. Maître).~

  ~Gravures flamandes du~ 15^e ~siècle~ (~Maître W. A.~).


[Illustration: Fig. 132.]


[Illustration: Fig. 133.]

  (Breugel.)


[Illustration: Fig. 134.]


[Illustration: Fig. 135.]

  (Breugel.)


[Illustration: Fig. 136.]

  ~Jonas te water gelaten.~ (1518-1525).
  Naarden (Holland).

  ~Jonas ins Wasser geworfen.~ (1518-1525).
  Naarden (Holland).

  ~Jonas cast into the sea.~ (1518-1525).
  Naarden (Holland).

  ~Jonas jeté a l’eau.~ (1518-1525).
  Naarden (Hollande).

  (Il. Kleinmann en Co. Haarlem)
  Holland.


[Illustration: Fig. 137.]


[Illustration: Fig. 138.]

  ~Schip der Diemerkerk.~ (± 1500)
  (Nicolas Witsen.)

  ~Boat from the church at Diemer.~ (± 1500)
  (Nicolas Witsen.)

  ~Schiff aus der Kirche in Diemer.~ (± 1500)
  (Nicolas Witsen.)

  ~Bateau de l’église de Diemer.~ (± 1500)
  (Nicolas Witsen.)


[Illustration: Fig. 139.]


[Illustration: Fig. 140.]

  ~Koninklijk Schip van Engeland~ 17^{e} ~Eeuw.~

  ~Königliches Schiff von England 17. Jahrhundert.~

  ~Royal Ship of England 17th Century.~

  ~Bateau royal d’Angleterre~ 17^{e} ~Siècle.~


[Illustration: Fig. 141.]

  Naar Holbein.

  Nach Holbein.

  According to Holbein.

  D’après Holbein.

1520


[Illustration: Fig. 142.]

1523


[Illustration: Fig. 143.]

1594


[Illustration: Fig. 144.]

  ~Hollandsch Schip.~

  ~Holländisches Schiff.~

  ~Dutch Ship.~

  ~Navire hollandais.~

  1594


[Illustration: Fig. 145.]

  ~Voor Antwerpen (Galei).~

  ~Vor Antwerpen (Galeere).~

  ~Off Antwerp (Galley).~

  ~Devant Anvers (Galère).~

  ± 1600


[Illustration: Fig. 146.]

1626


[Illustration: Fig. 147.]

  ~Schip van admiraal Tromp.~
  (Begin 17^e  eeuw.)

  ~Admiral Tromp’s Ship.~
  (Beginning of 17th Century.)

  Schiff des Admirals Tromp.
  (Anfang des 17. Jahrhunderts.)

  ~Vaisseau de l’amiral Tromp.~
  (Début du 17^e siècle.)


[Illustration: Fig. 148.]

  ~Fluit, plaat van 1647.~

  ~Flüte, Stich aus 1647.~

  ~Flute, engraving of 1647.~

  ~Flute, gravure de 1647.~


[Illustration: Fig. 149.]

  ~Altes modell der Stadt Zierikzee.~
  (Anfang des 17. Jahrhunderts.)

  ~Oudmodel van de Stad Zierikzee.~
  (Begin 17^e  eeuw.)

  ~Old model of the city of Zierickzee.~
  (Beginning of the 17th Century.)

  ~Ancien modèle de la ville de Zierickzee.~
  (Début du 17^e siècle.)


[Illustration: Fig. 150.]

  ~Schip van admiraal de Ruyter.~
  (Midden 17^e eeuw. )

  ~Admiral de Ruyter’s flag ship.~
  (Middle of the 17th Century.)

  ~Schiff des Admirals de Ruyter.~
  (Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts.)

  ~Vaisseau de l’amiral de Ruyter.~
  (Milieu du 17^e siècle.)


[Illustration: Fig. 151.]


[Illustration: Fig. 152.]

  ~O. I. Compagnie Schip.~
  (begin 18^{e} Eeuw).

  ~Schiff der Ost-Indischen Kompagnie.~
  (Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts).

  ~Ship of East India Company.~
  (beginning of 18th Century).

  ~Navire de la Compagnie des Indes.~
  (commencement du 18^{e} siècle).


[Illustration: Fig. 153.]

  Verzameling van Mr. van Gijn, Dordrecht.

  Sammlung des Herrn van Gijn, Dordrecht.

  Collection of Mr. van Gijn, Dordrecht.

  Collection de M. van Gijn, Dordrecht.


[Illustration: Fig. 154.]


[Illustration: Fig. 155.]

  ~Schepen van Oorlog.~

  ~Kriegsschiffe.~

  ~Man of war.~

  ~Vaisseaux de Guerre.~

  1750.


[Illustration: Fig. 156.]

  ~Zeiljacht.~

  ~Segelyacht.~

  ~Sailing yacht.~

  ~Yacht a voiles.~

  1752.


[Illustration: Fig. 157.]

  ~Egmonderpink.~

  ~Schip van Oorlog.~

  1765


[Illustration: Fig. 158.]


[Illustration: Fig. 159.]

  ~Snauwschip.~ (Einde 18^e eeuw.)

  ~Schnauschiff.~ (Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts.)

  ~Rind.~ (End of the 18th Century.)

  ~Seneau.~ (Fin du 18^e siècle.)


[Illustration: Fig. 160.]


[Illustration]

  (Begin 19^e eeuw.)

  (Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts)

  (Beginning of 19th Century)

  (Début du 19^e siècle.)


[Illustration: Fig. 161.]


[Illustration: Fig. 162.]


[Illustration: Fig. 163.]

  ~Begin~ 19^e ~Eeuw.~

  ~Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts.~

  ~Beginning of the 19th Century.~

  ~Début~ 19^e ~Siècle.~


[Illustration: Fig. 164.]


[Illustration: Fig. 165.]

  ~Begin~ 19^e ~Eeuw.~

  ~Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts.~

  ~Beginning of the 19th Century.~

  ~Début du~ 19^e ~Siècle.~


[Illustration: Fig. 166.]

1700


[Illustration: Fig. 167.]

1780


[Illustration: Fig. 168.]

1690


[Illustration: Fig. 169.]

1690

  ~Frankrijk.~

  ~Frankreich.~

  ~France.~


[Illustration: Fig. 170.]

1808-1827


[Illustration: Fig. 171.]

1829


[Illustration: Fig. 172.]

1804


[Illustration: Fig. 173.]

1847

  ~Frankrijk.~

  ~Frankreich.~

  ~France.~


[Illustration: Fig. 174.]


[Illustration: Fig. 175.]

  ~Veerschuit.~

  ~Bac.~

  ~Fähre.~

  ~Ferry.~


[Illustration: Fig. 176.]

  ~Lichter.~

  ~Leichter.~

  ~Lighter.~

  ~Allège.~


[Illustration: Fig. 177.]


[Illustration: Fig. 178.]

  Begin 17^e eeuw.

  Anfang des 17. Jahrhunderts.

  Beginning of the 17th Century.

  Début 17^e siècle.


[Illustration: Fig. 179.]


[Illustration: Fig. 180.]


[Illustration: Fig. 181.]


[Illustration: Fig. 182.]

  ~Waterschip.~

  ~Seekameel.~

  ~Waterboat.~

  ~Steygerschuiten.~

  Begin 17^e eeuw.

  Anfang des 17 Jahrhunderts.

  Beginning of the 17th century.

  Début du 17^e siècle.


[Illustration: Fig. 183.]

  ~Kaag.~

  ~Kaag.~

  ~Hoy.~

  ~Cague.~


[Illustration: Fig. 184.]

  ~Zeiljacht.~

  ~Segelyacht.~

  ~Sailing yacht.~

  ~Yacht à voiles.~


[Illustration: Fig. 185.]

  ~Hoy.~

  ~Kaag.~

  ~Cague.~


[Illustration: Fig. 186.]

  ~Zeiljacht.~

  ~Sailing yacht.~

  ~Segelyacht.~

  ~Yacht a voiles.~


[Illustration: Fig. 187.]

~Doghboot.~


[Illustration: Fig. 188.]

~Heude (Heu).~


[Illustration: Fig. 189.]

~Heude (Heu).~


[Illustration: Fig. 190.]

  ~Zeeuwsche Kogge.~

  ~Zeeländische Kogge.~

  ~Zeland cog.~

  ~Cogue zélandaise.~


[Illustration: Fig. 191.]


[Illustration: Fig. 192.]


[Illustration: Fig. 193.]


[Illustration: Fig. 194.]

  ~Boeiers.~

  ~Bujer.~

  ~Tenders.~

  ~Boyers.~


[Illustration: Fig. 195.]

  ~Haringvloot op zee.~

  ~Heringsflotte auf See.~

  ~Herring-fleet on the open sea.~

  ~Flotte pour la pêche du hareng en pleine mer.~


[Illustration: Fig. 196.]

  ~Buys der Zuiderzee.~

  ~Büse des Zuiderzee.~

  ~Buss from the Zuyder-Zee.~

  ~Buse du Zuiderzee.~


[Illustration: Fig. 197.]

  ~Buys.~

  ~Büse.~

  ~Buss.~

  ~Buse.~


[Illustration: Fig. 198.]

  ~Haringvloot in zee.~

  ~Häringsflotte auf see.~

  ~Herring fleet on the open sea.~

  ~Flotte pour la pêche du hareng en pleine mer.~


[Illustration: Fig. 199.]

  ~Waterschip.~

  ~Seekameel.~

  ~Waterboat.~


[Illustration: Fig. 200.]

  ~Tochtschuit.~

  ~Treckschute.~


[Illustration: Fig. 201.]

  ~Overysselsche Pot.~

  ~Top aus Overyssel.~

  ~Pot from Overyssel.~

  ~Pot de l’Overyssel.~


[Illustration: Fig. 202.]

  ~Walvischvaarder.~

  ~Walfischfänger.~

  ~Whale boat.~

  ~Baleinière.~


[Illustration: Fig. 203.]


[Illustration: Fig. 203.]

  ~Lijkbaren van Workum, waarop de schepen der Zuiderzee zijn afgebeeld
  (1600).~

  ~Sänften von Workum, auf denen die Schiffe der Zuiderzee dargestellt
  sind (1600).~

  ~Biers at Workum, on which are shown vessels of the Zuider-Zee
  (1600).~

  ~Civières à Workum, sur lesquelles on a représenté les navires du
  Zuiderzee (1600).~


[Illustration: Fig. 203.]


[Illustration]


[Illustration]


[Illustration]


[Illustration]

A^o 1600.


[Illustration: Fig. 204.]


[Illustration: Fig. 205.]


[Illustration: Fig. 206.]


[Illustration: Fig. 207.]


[Illustration: Fig. 208.]

  ~Oude Herna.~
  (Verzameling M^r Van Gijn, Dordrecht.)

  ~Alte Herna.~
  (Sammlung des Herrn Van Gijn, Dordrecht.)

  ~Old Herna.~
  (Collection of Mr. Van Gijn, Dordrecht.)

  ~Ancien Herna.~
  (Collection de M. Van Gijn, Dordrecht.)


[Illustration: Fig. 209.]

  ~Turfschip.~

  ~Torfschiff.~

  ~Turf boat.~

  ~Bateau tourbier.~


[Illustration: Fig. 210.]

  ~Smalschip.~


[Illustration: Fig. 211.]


[Illustration]


[Illustration]

  ~Beurtschip.~ (Museum van oudheden te Dordrecht.)

  ~«Beurtschiff».~ (Altertumsmuseum in Dordrecht.)

  ~«Beurtschip».~ (Museum of antiquities at Dordrecht)

  ~«Beurtschip».~ (Musée d’antiquités de Dordrecht.)

  (Paviljoen Poon.)


[Illustration: Fig. 212.]

~Damlooper.~


[Illustration: Fig. 213.]

  ~Een Sammoreus of Keulenaar.~

  ~Un «Samoreus» ou «Keulenaar».~


[Illustration: Fig. 215.]

  ~Smak.~

  ~Schmack.~

  ~Smack.~

  ~Semaque.~


[Illustration: Fig. 214.]

  ~Een Sammoreus of Keulenaar.~

  ~Un «Samoreus» ou «Keulenaar».~


[Illustration: Fig. 216.]

  ~Smak.~

  ~Schmack.~

  ~Smack.~

  ~Semaque.~


[Illustration: Fig. 217.]

  ~Kat.~

  ~Chat.~


[Illustration: Fig. 218.]

  ~Kof.~

  ~Koff.~


[Illustration: Fig. 219.]

  ~Scholschuit.~

  ~Schute zum Schollenfang.~

  ~Boat for sole fishery.~

  ~Barque pour la pêche de la sole.~


[Illustration: Fig. 220.]

  ~Scholschuit.~

  ~Schute zum Schollenfang.~

  ~Boat for sole fishery.~

  ~Barque pour la pêche de la sole.~


[Illustration: Fig. 221.]

  ~Koopvaardybuis.~

  ~Kauffahrtei-Büse.~

  ~Merchant Buss.~

  ~Buse marchande.~


[Illustration: Fig. 222.]

  ~Buysconvoyer.~

  ~Geleitschiff für Büsen.~

  ~Convoy-ship for Busses.~

  ~Convoyeur de Buses.~


[Illustration: Fig. 223.]

  ~Buys (Enkhuizen) de vleet inhalende.~

  ~Büse von Enkhuizen die Netze einziehend.~

  ~Enkhuizen buss taking in nets.~

  ~Buse d’Enkhuizen rentrant ses filets.~


[Illustration: Fig. 224.]

  ~Buys (Vlaardingen) de vleet uitschietende.~

  ~Büse von Vlaardingen die Netze auslegend.~

  ~Vlaardingen buss casting nets.~

  ~Buse de Vlaardingen lançant ses filets.~


[Illustration: Fig. 225.]

  ~Driemast Galjoot.~

  ~Galiot mit drei Masten.~

  ~Three masted Galliot.~

  ~Galiote à trois mats.~


[Illustration: Fig. 226.]

  ~Eenmast Galjoot.~

  ~Galiot mit einem mast.~

  ~Single masted Galliot.~

  ~Galiote à un mat.~


[Illustration: Fig. 227.]

  ~Hoeker met barkentijnstuig.~

  ~Huker mit Barkentakelung.~

  ~Bark rigged howker.~

  ~Hourque avec gréement de barque.~


[Illustration: Fig. 228.]

  ~Hoeker.~

  ~Huker.~

  ~Howker.~

  ~Hourque.~


[Illustration: Fig. 229.]

  ~Vischhoeker.~

  ~Fischhuker.~

  ~Fishing howker.~

  ~Hourque de pêche.~


[Illustration: Fig. 230.]

  ~Driemast Hoeker.~

  ~Huker mit 3 Masten.~

  ~Three masted howker.~

  ~Hourque à 3 mats.~


[Illustration: Fig. 231.]

  ~Buys.~

  ~Büse.~

  ~Buss.~

  ~Buse.~


[Illustration: Fig. 232.]

  ~Jager.~

  ~Jäger.~

  ~Chaser.~

  ~Chasseur.~


[Illustration: Fig. 233.]

  ~Pinkschip.~


[Illustration: Fig. 234.]

  ~Model van een Hoeker.~
  (Verzameling van M. van Gijn, Dordrecht.)

  ~Modell eines Hukers.~
  (Sammlung des Herrn van Gijn, Dordrecht.)

  ~Model of a Howker.~
  (Collection of M. van Gijn, Dordrecht.)

  ~Modèle d’une Hourque.~
  (Collection de M. van Gijn, Dordrecht.)


[Illustration: Fig. 235.]

  ~Zeeuwsch yacht.~

  ~Zeeländische Yacht.~

  ~Zeland yacht.~

  ~Yacht zélandais.~


[Illustration: Fig. 236.]

  ~Beurtschip. (Poon)~


[Illustration: Fig. 237.]

  ~Landing boot.~

  ~Landungsboot.~

  ~Landing boat.~

  ~Bateau de débarquement.~


[Illustration: Fig. 238.]

  ~Zeeschip met zeekameel door waterscheepjes over het Pampus
  getrokken.~

  ~Seeschiff von Wasserschiffen (Seekameelen) über den Pampus
  geschleppt.~

  ~Sea-going ship floated over the Pampus shoal on «sea camels».~

  ~Batiment de mer porté par un «Zeekameel» remorqué par des
  «Waterscheepjes» au-dessus de Pampus.~


[Illustration: Fig. 239.]

  ~Galeas.~

  ~Galeasse.~

  ~Galliass.~

  ~Galéasse.~


[Illustration: Fig. 240.]

  ~Snik.~


[Illustration: Fig. 241.]

  ~Ever.~


[Illustration: Fig. 242.]


[Illustration: Fig· 243.]


[Illustration: Fig. 244.]

  ~Schuit van Blankenberghe.~

  ~Schute von Blankenberghe.~

  ~Blankenberg boat.~

  ~Barque de Blankenberghe.~


[Illustration: Fig. 245.]

  ~Blokzijlder jacht.~


[Illustration]

VOORAANZICHT.

  ~Vorderansicht.~

  ~Front view.~

  ~Vue d’avant.~


[Illustration]

BOVENAANZICHT.

  ~Plan.~

  ~Aufsicht.~


[Illustration]

ACHTERAANZICHT.

  ~Hinteransicht.~

  ~Stern view.~

  ~Vue d’arrière.~


[Illustration: Fig. 246.]

  ~Slijkpraam.~

  ~Baggerpraam.~

  ~Dredging barge.~

  ~Chaland de dragage.~

  (~Groningen~)


[Illustration]


[Illustration]


[Illustration]


[Illustration]


[Illustration: Fig. 247.]

  ~Friesch bootje.~

  ~Freesisches boot.~

  ~Small Frisian boat.~

  ~Barquette frisonne.~


[Illustration]

ZIJAANZICHT.

  Seitenansicht.

  Side view.

  Vue de côté.


[Illustration]

VOORAANZICHT.

  Vorderansicht.

  Front view.

  Vue de face.


[Illustration]

BOVENAANZICHT.

  Aufsicht.

  Plan.


[Illustration]

ACHTERAANZICHT.

  Hinteransicht.

  Stern view.

  Vue postérieure.


[Illustration]

LENGTEDOORSNEDE.

  Längsschnitt.

  Longitudinal section.

  Coupe longitudinale.


[Illustration]

DWARSDOORSNEDE.

  Querschnitt.

  Cross-section.

  Coupe transversale.

SCHAAL 1 : 50


[Illustration: Fig. 248.]

  ~Ylsterboot.~

  ~Ylsterboot.~

  ~Boat from the Ylster.~

  ~Bateau de l’Ylster.~


[Illustration]

ZIJAANZICHT.

  Seitenansicht.

  Side view.

  Vue de côté.


[Illustration]

VOORAANZICHT.

  Vorderansicht.

  Front view.

  Vue de face.


[Illustration]

LENGTEDOORSNEDE.

  Längsschnitt.

  Longitudinal section.

  Coupe longitudinale.


[Illustration]

DWARSDOORSNEDE.

  Querschnitt.

  Cross-section.

  Coupe transversale.


[Illustration]

BOVENAANZICHT.

  Aufsicht.

  Plan.


[Illustration]

ACHTERAANZICHT.

  Hinteransicht.

  Stern view.

  Vue postérieure.

SCHAAL 1 : 50.


[Illustration: Fig. 249.]

~Yzeren klipper schip.~


[Illustration: Fig. 250.]

~Hengst.~


[Illustration: Fig. 251.]

~Yzeren klipper schip.~


[Illustration: Fig. 252.]

~Schuit.~


[Illustration: Fig. 253.]

~Otter.~


[Illustration: Fig. 254.]

~Schuit.~


[Illustration: Fig. 255.]

~Boeier.~


[Illustration: Fig. 256.]

~Hollandsche Aak.~


[Illustration: Fig. 257.]

  ~Belgische schepen.~

  ~Belgische Schiffe.~

  ~Bateaux belges.~

  ~Belgian craft.~

  Prahm des Kanals von Charleroi.

  Baquet du Canal de Charleroi.

  Baquet from the Charleroi Canal.


[Illustration: Fig. 258.]

~Pinasse von Tournai.~

~Péniche de Tournai.~

~Tournai barge.~


[Illustration: Fig. 259.]

  ~Leichter.~

  ~Barge.~

  ~Chaland.~


[Illustration: Fig. 260.]

~Bilander.~

~Balinger.~

~Bélandre.~


[Illustration: Fig. 261.]

  Spits.

  Pointed.

  Pointu (Spits).


[Illustration: Fig. 262.]

~Pointu (Spits).~


[Illustration: Fig. 263.]

  ~Type mit kugelförmigem Rumpf.~

  ~Type à cul sphérique.~


[Illustration: Fig. 264.]

  ~Type mit zylindrischen Rumpf.~

  ~Type à cul cylindrique.~


  ~Französische Schiffe.~

  ~Bateaux français.~

  ~French vessels.~


[Illustration: Fig. 265.]

  ~Flute.~

  ~Flight.~

  Nach dem Ingenieur A. Dehem.

  According to Engineer A. Dehem.

  D’après l’Ingénieur A. Dehem.

  Annales des Travaux publics de Belgique.
  Tome VI, août 1901.


[Illustration: Fig. 266.]

  ~Type van de Schelde.~

  ~Typ von der Schelde.~

  ~Type of the Scheldt.~

  ~Type de l’Escaut.~


[Illustration: Fig. 267.]


[Illustration: Fig. 268.]

  ~Type -- Dortmund-Emskanaal.~

  ~Schiffstype vom Dortmund-Ems-Kanal.~

  ~Types of boats on the Dortmund-Ems-Canal.~

  ~Types de bateaux du Canal de Dortmund a l’Ems.~


[Illustration: Fig. 269.]

  ~Logger met Westlander.~

  ~Logger mit Westländer.~

  ~Lugger with Westlander.~

  ~Lougre avec Westlander.~


[Illustration: Fig. 270.]

  ~Bom.~

  ~Logger.~

  ~Lougre.~

  ~Bom.~

  (~Vlaardingen.~)


[Illustration: Fig. 271.]

  ~Op welke wijze eertijds de Scheveningsche bommen in zee werden
  gebracht.~

  ~Former launching of «bommen» at Schevening.~

  ~Wie die Bommen von Scheveningen früher zu Wasser gebracht wurden.~

  ~Mise en mer de jadis des «bommen» de Scheveningue.~


[Illustration: Fig. 272.]

  ~Oude kotter.~

  ~Alter Kutter.~

  ~Old-time cutter.~

  ~Ancien cutter.~


[Illustration: Fig. 273.]

~Hoogaars.~


[Illustration: Fig. 274.]

  ~Oude moddermolen.~

  ~Alter Kutter.~

  ~Old time dredge.~

  ~Ancien cure-môle.~


[Illustration: Fig. 275.]


[Illustration: Fig. 276.]


[Illustration: Fig. 277.]

  ~Model Moddermolen (Stadhuis te Hoorn).~

  ~Modell-Kutter.  Hoorn.~

  ~Model of a dredge. Hoorn.~

  ~Modèle d’un cure-môle (Hôtel de Ville de Hoorn).~



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