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Title: A martyr to bibliography
        A notice of the life and works of Joseph-Marie Quérard, bibliographer.

Author: Olphar Hamst

Release date: November 10, 2025 [eBook #77210]

Language: English, French

Original publication: London: John Russell Smith, 1867

Credits: deaurider and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)


*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A MARTYR TO BIBLIOGRAPHY ***




                         A Martyr to Bibliography:

                              A NOTICE OF THE
                             LIFE AND WORKS OF
                           JOSEPH-MARIE QUÉRARD,
                              Bibliographer.

                PRINCIPALLY TAKEN FROM THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF
                      MAR. JOZON D’ERQUAR, (ANAGRAM);
     WITH THE NOTICES OF GUSTAVE BRUNET, J. ASSEZAT, AND PAUL LACROIX,
                           (BIBLIOPHILE JACOB);
            AND A LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHICAL TERMS, AFTER PERQUIN.
                           WITH NOTES AND INDEX.

                                    BY
                            OLPHAR HAMST, ESQ.
      BIBLIOPHILE, M.O.T.I.L.S.O.T.U.K., T.S.B.A., AND A.O.A.F.W.O.S.

        “Un bibliophile après tout n’est qu’un homme perfectionné.”

                                  LONDON:
                   JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36, SOHO SQUARE.
           EDMUND NETHERCLIFT, 9, NEWMAN STREET, OXFORD STREET.
              PARIS: MAISON A. FRANCK, 67, RUE DE RICHELIEU.
                                   1867.

                                  LONDON:
                      PRINTED BY EDMUND NETHERCLIFT,
                           9, NEWMAN STREET, W.

    “THE COMMON WORLD will judge, that it is much more of Reputation
    to be an AUTHOR, than to be a bare COLLECTOR: And this will be a
    standing Reason, why the Multitude of Writers shall aim at the more
    creditable Name, and why so few seem willing to submit to that
    lower Character. But however, to write for Praise and Popularity is
    one Thing, and to write for Publick Use and Service is a different
    Thing: The first is indeed more natural, the latter has somewhat of
    Self-Denial and Mortification in it.

    The AUTHOR has not only the Pleasure of hunting after the Applause
    of others, but he enjoys a quicker Taste of pleasing himself, being
    at Liberty to indulge his Invention, his Judgment, his Fancy,
    Wit, Oratory, or any other prevailing Talent in him: While the
    dull COLLECTOR is confin’d to the sort of mechanick Drudgery, to
    the running, stooping, searching, poring, picking out, and putting
    together, a Mass of Authorities; and often revising, collating and
    transferring of them, without being able to bring them soon into any
    regular Form and Fashion. As inglorious, as for the Day-Labourer
    to be throwing up an Heap of Stones and Rubbish, while the noble
    Architect alone has the Satisfaction and Credit of raising and
    perfecting his own Model.

    “And yet, in compiling any History fit to be read, the proper
    Materials are to be sought out with Diligence, and before they are
    compacted, they must be examin’d, compar’d, corrected, and adjusted
    in due Order, and mark’d out for the respective Use and Application
    of them.” WHITE KENNET. REGISTER AND CHRONICLE. 1728. FOL. PREFACE.

       *       *       *       *       *

    “Our nation has been too inattentive to bibliographical criticisms
    and enquiries, for generally the English reader is obliged to resort
    to foreign writers to satisfy his mind as to the value of authors. It
    behoves us however to consider, that there is not a more useful or a
    more desirable branch of education than a knowledge of books, which
    being correctly attained, and judiciously exercised, will prove the
    touchstone of intrinsic merit, and have the effect of saving many a
    spotless page from prostitution.” BRIDGMAN, LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1807.
    8ᵛᵒ, p. v.

            Only 250 copies printed. Price five shillings each.




TO ANTONIO PANIZZI, ESQ.


SIR,

I dedicate this notice of the life and works of one of the greatest of
bibliographers to you, without asking your permission, for different
reasons: you might not care to have your name placed on a pamphlet
thus; and I wish to place it side by side with that of J.-M. Quérard,
to which you would, doubtless, not object, though you might, possibly,
to the manner in which I do it. I dedicate this to you from a feeling
of respect, not only for yourself, but for your departed brother
bibliographer: respect for your great talents, which, spite of taunts,
jeerings, and the most discourageing imputations, you perseveringly
employed for the benefit and advantage of this country, even against
itself; by which you have—amongst other things—raised a bibliographical
monument that, I trust, will cause you to be remembered as long as the
great French bibliographer himself, though his works are printed and
yours are only written. From a feeling of respect for J.-M. Quérard,
whose name could not be placed in conjunction with that of any other more
appropriately than your own.

                                I am, Sir,

                          Your obedient servant,

                                                               THE AUTHOR.

MAY 1867.




PREFACE.


If we were asked what made us attempt this notice of Quérard’s life,
we should be at a loss to say; all we recollect is suddenly being
immersed in manuscripts and proofs—of its beginning we know nothing. We
recollect our indignation at the treatment Quérard received; we recollect
devoutly studying all his works in search of bibliographic information,
for method, for plans, for hints, and we recollect being rewarded by
successfully ascertaining every point we desired. To read Quérard is to
think, and thought produces ideas. Much of his arrangement he probably
adopted from the Germans, with improvements. His own innovations—if we
may so call them, for they are entirely new—are chiefly shown in that
extraordinary book the _Supercheries_, a work that no one could possibly
have written but he who had drudged, for twenty years, through the mass
of French literature, expressed by the names of 32,000 authors, which
_La France Littéraire_ comprises; and by one who had the advantage of
the numerous coadjutors who had confidence in him, and supplied him with
information.

We have said indignation. Yes, but that word only expresses part of our
feelings. Grief and sorrow for the manner in which poor unsuspicious
Quérard was treated, and for the neglect which he suffered, simply
because he was poor and of incorruptible honesty. He innocently applied
for the Cross of the Legion of Honor: he, a poor man! how could a poor
man support the dignity. He innocently applied for a librarianship,
because he was qualified and talented—and he practised no intrigue!
Here was desperate simplicity. Still, in the face of refusal and
disappointment, he worked on. Still he persevered. Was one project nipped
almost in the bud, another appeared, stronger, better planned, and
more extensive. Beyond plans they sometimes never got, and it remains
on record, that the man who was qualified and ready to carry out the
undertaking in every way, was unable to obtain 1000 subscribers, for a
work which was one of the grandest literary conceptions of modern times;
which was to have been in a language understood throughout the world, and
spoken by all civilized nations.

When bibliography occupies the position it assuredly will, when superior
education shall make men generally appreciate its importance, future
generations will wonder at this. A greater reproach to the present we
know not, and if there is one thing we now regret more than another, it
is that the opportunity was never afforded us, of subscribing our names
to the list printed on the prospectus of Quérard’s _Encyclopédie du
Bibliothécaire_.

It must have been little satisfaction to him when at last, still in
poverty and almost at death’s door, he was honored with a “decoration.”

We shall not dilate upon the errors we have made, or the disadvantages we
have been under in writing, translating, and compiling this short life
of Quérard. It has been a labour of love; though we had little idea of
the application it has entailed to gather the materials, and to pass them
through the press with even such completeness as we have been able to
attain. Those who have had to correct copy in a foreign language, will
appreciate this, and excuse those printer’s errors which have defied
our vigilance. We have tried to our utmost to do our best, with the
materials within reach, that is, at the British Museum, and we are glad
of an opportunity of acknowledging that without that institution, it
would have been impossible to have composed this life at all in England.
The liberality of the management, the almost eager desire on the part of
every person, to aid where in their power, deserves thanks and excites
astonishment.

Some information, not given in the text, will be found in the index, many
things having come to our knowledge before that was printed.

With regard to the abbreviations used throughout, they are so simple as
scarcely to require explanation. J.-M. Q., for Joseph-Marie Quérard; he
almost invariably signed his name J.-M. Quérard. All his works are in
double columns, on a page the size of this, unless otherwise mentioned.
L. F. L., i.e., La France Littéraire; L. L. F. C., La Litt. Franç.
Contemp.; L. S. L. D., Les Supercheries, &c.

The title-page of every work is given in full when we were able to see
the work itself, and for the correctness of these we vouch.




JOSEPH-MARIE QUÉRARD.


Joseph-Marie Quérard, was born at Rennes, (Ille-et-Vilaine,) the 25th
December 1797, of parents whose sole fortune consisted of their honesty
and three children to boot. The name “Quérard,” known only in the above
village and its environs, is nevertheless that of a once distinguished
though now extinct family, one branch of which, it would appear, Quérard
humourously remarks, was reduced to poverty. Condemned from his birth
to labor, Quérard, having arrived at a reasoning age, desired rather to
make a name for himself, than attempt to trace one through his ancestors.
From earliest infancy, he was sent to a school in his native village,
and at the age of eleven he was removed, having doubtless in the eyes of
his parents finished his education. He was thus deprived of the benefit
of a classical education; but fortunately, a little later, his travels
necessitated the acquisition of several foreign languages, which in the
profession he created for himself were infinitely more useful to him than
a knowledge of the classics would have been, which are learned with so
much difficulty and time, and so easily forgotten.

In 1807, when only eleven, he was placed in the book-trade, and
thenceforward he exhibited a liking for books, which developed itself
into a passion. Being first an agent in his native village, he
afterwards, in 1812, went to Paris, the ambition of every man in the
provinces, Paris being more enticing even than London is to the English
yokel,—for Paris is France. Lastly, he was employed in Austria, by an
important Viennese firm. It was there, in the midst of men noted for
their exact and persevering investigations, that it became manifest the
science of books was his vocation. Having labored with ardour for five
years upon a work which he judged would be useful to his country, he
quitted Vienna for Paris, in 1825, to publish it, disregarding all his
brilliant prospects of future advancement, and the advantageous offers
made him.

It is to this rare and disinterested devotion, of a man without fortune
and without friends, that France, that England, aye, that the world owes
the most important Bibliographical work which has seen the light, since
the publication of ROBERT WATT’S _Bibliotheca Britannica_.[1]

Quérard, who was an honest and hard working man, of almost primitive
simplicity, so frank and open-hearted, as now and then to savor of
the inexperienced countryman, made the great mistake of seriously
believing all the magnificent but hollow promises so profusely made by
the government and the official papers, of which the following is a
sample:—“This country (“La France”) is never ungrateful, sooner or later
she has a crown or a statue for those of her children, who sacrifice
themselves to her prosperity, or glory.” He flattered himself that one
day, his great work being completed, a librarianship would at least be
his reward. His _France Littéraire_ was a tolerable guarantee of capacity
and qualification for such a post; but as a very learned bibliographer,
who himself waited long before arriving at the post of chief Librarian,
writes: “It is a settled ministerial rule, that bibliothecaries are
not bibliographers.[2] Things went much in the same way before the
Revolution, for when they wanted a good calculator a dancer was
appointed.”[3]

It has been said that this work is truly “a monument of bibliography,
which would have been sufficient to make the renown and position of any
man who knew how to combine a little intrigue with merit.”[4]

The celebrated Van Praet, of revered memory, who knew well those who were
good bibliographers, was much disposed to admit Quérard on the staff of
the Bibliothèque Royale of Paris. But Van Praet was weak-minded, and when
his turn came to fill up a vacancy, he allowed himself to be juggled by
a colleague, whose peculiar talent was precisely that of knowing nothing
about books. To have had Quérard under him, would never have suited Van
Praet’s colleague, whose pride would have been continually mortified
by having to consult from time to time the work of his subordinate in
office. Not long after, Quérard himself was the cause of increasing
the antipathy of this gentleman. It arose from the following amusing
circumstance:—During the progress of his _France Littéraire_, Quérard,
who made use of the catalogues of the “Bibliothèque Royale,” both printed
and written, came across a recently written title in the latter which was
in the handwriting of Van Praet’s colleague. The title of the work was
“_Memoirs of a young Lady, written by herself_,” which was catalogued
under “Herself.” Quérard, appreciating the absurdity of this blunder,
burst into so loud a laugh, that he was heard by the committer.[5] The
next day the error was corrected; but offended pride never pardons,
and the result was that Quérard never got to the “Bibliothèque Royale.”
Quérard having applied for the place on the first vacancy to this
ill-disposed keeper, he replied:—“As keepers of the books, we are
responsible for those whom we employ and admit into this establishment,
and I do not know you.” He had been working day by day for four years,
under his very eyes, and had the library books lent to him.

A fact generally ignored was the circulation which _La France Littéraire_
attained. In 1825, when the first part was being printed, (see I.) the
Congregation of the Index, a very powerful body, endeavoured to obtain
from Charles X. a law to prohibit the reprint of any philosophical
works of the XVIII. century; luckily they did not succeed, for _La
France Littéraire_ would have suffered numerous suppressions. This
did not prevent the author having to fight against the ill-will of
the post-office authorities, who hindered as much as they could his
communications with writers in the provinces and abroad.

In 1830, M. Ch. Berriat-Saint-Prix son of the honorable and learned
professor of that name, being aware of the precarious position Quérard
was reduced to, by the expenses of printing his works, induced his
relations and friends to obtain an indemnity for our bibliographer;
this enabled him to continue his great work, which threatened to be
discontinued. M. Guizot allowed 1000 francs (£40) a year, a minimum
allowance for a work costing so much typographically, but which however
enabled the author to continue and finish it.

Quérard’s first publication is entitled (on the half-title):—(I.)
_Bibliothèque du Libraire et de l’Amateur de livres Français
Bibliographie Moderne de la France_,—and the title page:—_Bibliographie
Moderne de la France contenant la nomenclature par ordre alphabétique de
noms d’auteurs, des ouvrages de sciences, de littérature et d’histoire
en toutes langues, publiés en France, aussi que des ouvrages Français
imprimés à l’étranger, depuis le commencement du XVIIIᵉ siècle jusqu’à ce
jour; accompagnée de notice Nécrologiques, et de Notes Bibliographiques
Historiques et Littéraire, tirées de nos meilleurs Bibliographes. Par
J.-M. Q._ (Motto) “_The chief glory of every people arises from its
authors._”—JOHNSON. _Tome premier. Paris. J.-M. Quérard, éditeur, Place
St. André-des-Arts, No. 26; Dondey-Dupré, frère et fils, imp.—lib., Rue
St. Louis, No. 46, au Marais, et Rue Richelieu, No. 67, 1826; 8ᵛᵒ; xx.
288; A-Bouyon. Dedicated to M. Schalbacher._

This is not noticed by Quérard himself in the list of his works. In
the reprint of it, under the title of _La France Littéraire_, he much
enlarged it, as the name _Bouyon_ does not occur till page 484. In the
preface he says:—“Finding ourselves in Germany in 1819-1824, we observed
the use the Germans made of their National bibliothecas, and how much
such books were appreciated there; it was then we conceived the idea
of doing that for France, which up to that date had remained either
partially or incompletely done. We returned, hoping that our efforts
would be seconded in our native country, and appreciated by foreigners
who are often more curious than we are, upon the subject of our riches
both literary and scientific. Six years of persevering labor at last
enabled us to present to the public a library of French books, more
complete and extended than any other, and which, if we had known how to
attain the object of our efforts, might without ostentation take the
title of ‘Bibliographie moderne de la France.’”

(II.)—_La France Littéraire_ (half-title); _La France Littéraire ou
Dictionnaire Bibliographique des savants, historiens et gens de lettres
de la France, ainsi que des Littérateurs étrangers qui ont écrit en
Français, plus particulièrement pendant les XVIIIᵉ et XIXᵉ siècles.
Ouvrage dans lequel on a inséré afin d’en former une Bibliographie
nationale complète, l’indication 1ᵒ des réimpressions des ouvrages
français de tous les âges; 2ᵒ des diverse traductions en notre langue
de tous les auteurs étrangers, anciens et modernes; 3ᵒ celle des
réimpressions faites en France des ouvrages originaux de ces mêmes
auteurs étrangers, pendant cette époque. Par J.-M. Q._ (Motto, the same.)
_Paris. Chez Firmin Didot, Père et fils, Libraires, Rue Jacob, No. 24.
1827; 8ᵛᵒ. Dedicated to M. Schalbacher. Oct. 1827; xxix., 582. 1828; 756.
1829; 562. 1830; 646. 1833; 668. 1834; iii. 647. 1835; 574. 1836; 606.
1838; 597. 1839; 575._ Begins with AA, (Van der,) ends with Zygomala. Was
published in parts, at 7 fr. 50 c. 30 L. P. copies 15 fr. each. Double
columns. 10 volumes. See IV.

_La France Littéraire. Tome onzième._ (Half-title.) The same title as
the above. (“arises” spelled “arise” in the motto.) _Tome onzième.
Corrections. Additions. Auteurs pseudonymes et anonymes dévoilés. Tome
premier. Paris. L’éditeur rue Mazarine, 27, 1854-57._ Second Title-page.
_Les Écrivains Pseudonymes et autres mystificateurs de la Littérature
Française pendant les quatre derniers siècles, restitués à leurs
véritables noms. Par J.-M. Q. auteur de la F. L., des Supercheries L.
D. etc. avec des notes de M. M. Boissonade de L’Institute; F. Bovet,
biblioth. de la ville de Neuchâtel (Suisse); U. Capitaine de Liége;
de Courtière, biblioth. du ministère de la marine; Félix Delhasse, de
Bruxelles; Edm. de Manne, conserv.-adjoint de la biblioth. impériale;
Eug. de Froberville, de la Société de géographie; Fr. Grille, ancien
biblioth. d’Angers; Justin Lamoureux, l’un des rédacteurs du supplément
à la Biographie universelle de Michaud; Georg. Mancel, biblioth. de la
ville de Caen; feu Mercier, abbé de Saint-Léger (sur La France Littéraire
de 1769); Serge Poltoratzky, membre honoraire de la biblioth. impériale
publique de Saint-Pétersbourg; feu le baron de Reiffenberg et plusieurs
autres bibliophiles._ (Motto.) _Sans haine, ni camaraderie, ni vénalité.
Paris. L’Éditeur, rue de Seine, 36. 1854; viii.; 708. 1859-64; 751._
Aborbonel to Rouguet. Another volume would doubtless have finished the
work. The Preface has “Flabent sua fata libelli” at the head, and is
signed C. P.

A work that no library of any pretensions should be without. The
criticisms show long study and apparent familiarity with nearly every
work he registers. The bibliographical matter is astonishing, and for
reference invaluable. The biographical portion is excellent, and his
remarks show that he was a shrewd observer. Its universality and accuracy
must ever make it a work of high standing. If the author had lived
to finish his design, it would have been without exception the most
perfect and comprehensive work ever published. As it is, the Bibliotheca
Britannica of Watt, for completeness, must still bear the palm. For the
numerous critiques upon this work, we must refer the reader to Nos. XVII.
and XXIV.

The early copies are different to the later ones, which have three
articles cancelled, and others inserted, namely: Panckoucke, Pardessus,
and Rousselin, and are very rare indeed.

Two monographs were taken from the last volumes. See XX. and XXIII.

(III.)—_Le Bibliologue, journal du commerce et des intérêts de la
typographie et de la libraire en France, 1833; 8ᵛᵒ._ Only 19 Nos.
appeared.

(IV.)—_J. J. Rousseau._ (A monograph extracted from II.) _1836; 8ᵛᵒ; 44._
We do not know the correct titles of III. and IV.

(V.)—_Revue Bibliographique. Journal de bibliologie d’histoire littéraire
d’imprimerie et de libraire, publié par deux bibliophiles_ [_J.-M. Q. et
Serge Poltoratzky._] _1ʳᵉ Année, No. 1, 15 Mai, 1839. Paris, au bureau
de la Revue Bibliographique, Rue de Sèvres, No. 13. Londres et Leipzig,
1839; r. 8ᵛᵒ; 408._ The cover of No. 4 has “_Rédigé par J.-M. Q. auteur
de la France Littéraire, et par plusieurs bibliophiles_.” Appeared every
fortnight to the 30th June 1839, afterwards monthly, each part 2 francs,
only 10 published.

(VI.)—_Appendice aux éditions des œuvres de Voltaire._ (Half-title.)
_Bibliographie Voltairienne. (allegorical cut.) Paris. Firmin Didot and
Daguin frères. [1842] 8ᵛᵒ; xxxvi. 184. Dedicated to M. Poltoratzky._
Double columns, small type. Only 250 copies printed. Reprint from _La
France Littéraire_, with additions and an introduction by Aubert de
Vitry, on Voltaire’s influence on the XVIII. century. Quérard declares
that though this occupied him a year, little of it is his own. He is
indebted to Barbier, Peignot, &c., and to the editors of Voltaire’s
works, Kehl, and particularly Beuchot. There are 1131 articles, and 4
Indexes (pp. 162-183).

(VII.)—_La Littérature Française contemporaine. XIXᵉ siècle. Renferment:
1ᵒ Par ordre alphabétique de noms d’auteurs, l’indication chronologique
des publications originales des écrivains français régnicoles et
étrangers, et celle des éditions et traductions françaises des ouvrages
des auteurs étrangers, vivants, imprimés en France pour la première fois
depuis le commencement de ce siècle; 2ᵒ Une table des livres anonymes
et polyonymes qui, par leurs publications appartiennent à cette époque;
3ᵒ Une tables des sujets. Le tout accompagné de notes Biographiques
et Littéraires. Tome premier. Paris. Daguin Frères, éditeurs. Quai
Malaquais, 7, 1842; 8ᵛᵒ; xiv. 631._ Double columns. The second volume
has the title-page somewhat altered. L. L. F. C. 1827-1844. _Renfermant:
1ᵒ Par ordre alphabétique de noms d’auteurs l’indication des ouvrages
français et étrangers publiés en France et celle des ouvrages française
publiés à l’étranger; 2ᵒ une table des livres anonymes et polyonymes; 3ᵒ
une table générale méthodique. Le tout accompagné de Biographies et de
Notes historiques et littéraires. Par M. M. Charles Louandre et Félix
Bourquelot. Paris, &c. 1846._ And on the reverse of the title-page, “_La
Rédaction de ce volume appartient, jusqu’à la page 282 à M. Quérard_.”
(When about one-third of the article on Napoleon Bonaparte was written.)
The volume contains 636 pages. The title-pages of the subsequent volumes
are also altered, but with this we are not concerned. The author was
deprived of all his right with regard to this book by the publisher, when
the names of 600 subscribers had been obtained. The pretext being that
the author was not supplying copy sufficiently fast, and that besides the
length of the biographies would have enlarged the work beyond the 3 vols.
promised in the prospectus.[6]

An arbitration took place in June 1844, composed of M. F. Daguin and his
cousin and creditor M. Audot, on the one side, and the estimable and
much esteemed M. Aimé André, in the absence of the person principally
interested on the other. The award was in favor of the publisher, that
he had sole right in the work, and Quérard was condemned in the costs
of the arbitration. From the time of the deprivation of his rights of
authorship, he never ceased to point out the negligence, the slips, the
gross blunders, and the ignorance shewn by the men who had dared to
continue his work. These gentlemen however considered him in the wrong,
and bitterly complain of the continual attacks Quérard made on them. On
the other hand, Quérard very justly complained that it was not the names
of the gentlemen who continued his _Littéraire Française contemporaine_
that mulcted the subscribers, nor was it the publishers; but it was his
own unfortunate name which had originally inspired the subscribers with
the confidence that caused them to subscribe, and ultimately to become
compulsory victims of a purely mercantile speculation. We have carefully
perused the correspondence in this quarrel, and we think there was not
the least moral justification for depriving Quérard of his work. It was
a fraud upon the subscribers: it was a fraud upon him, by putting his
name to a publication which he entirely repudiated, which is incorrect,
and has in fact all the characteristics of such undertakings, when
they have degenerated as we have already said into purely mercantile
speculations.[7] Every word of M. Daguin’s defence only brings him deeper
into the mire of literary dishonesty. The insolence of this publisher’s
letters to a man of science and knowledge is beyond endurance. It is
well to let our readers know that he was bankrupt in 1845, and the book
went into other hands, though he continued his miserable efforts in
endeavouring to answer Quérard’s stinging criticisms.

In the Preface to his Écrivains Pseudonymes, Quérard said that no one up
to that time had ventured to praise the continuation of _La Littérature
Française contemporaine_.[8] This the publisher indignantly denied, and
cited in proof two papers “much esteemed,” _The Athenæum Français_, and
_L’Illustration_. M. Daguin could scarcely have taken a more unfortunate
instance than that of the _Athenæum Français_,[9] a trade publication,
in which the articles on bibliography were written by the friends of
the compilers, and which shortly stopped publication.[10] In the course
of its existence it did not notice Quérard’s works, and when it did _La
Littérature Française contemporaine_, it generally pointed out an error
or omission, while it awarded its meed of vacuous praise according to the
journalistic formula.

Certainly the French press did not overwhelm him with encouragement. The
most notable instance of neglect is that of the _Journal des Savants_.
How comes it that the “Savants” have not honored their pages with even
the titles of Quérard’s works? when they notice that of M. Brunet. Have
two hundred years of existence brought that journal to its dotage? Is
it also a trade concern, or is it the property of a clique? If so, the
sooner it assumes another title the better. We recommend “Journal du
Savon,” as agreeable in sound, and suggestive in title.

Notwithstanding the disastrous result of the award against him, a ray
of sunshine illuminated the darkness, and Quérard again hoped that he
might continue his labors, when freed from his cares and troubles. A
princely stranger from the far North presented himself: passionately
fond of French literature, and a no less enthusiastic bibliographer than
was the author of _La France Littéraire_ himself—M. Serge Poltoratzky of
Moscow. This excellent, noble, and generous man from that time became
Quérard’s Mecænas, patronizing all the different publications he engaged
in up to the year 1854. He made many sacrifices, which unfortunately did
not bear the result, that in the fulness of his heart he wished, namely,
the tranquillity of the laborious bibliographer; the works he patronized
being only known or required by an exceedingly restricted number, cost so
much, and Quérard’s own position was so precarious. The 40 francs a sheet
that Messrs. F. Didot allowed him; the 1000 francs a year accorded by the
Minister of public instruction; the remittances of M. Poltoratzky; all
were absorbed in the preparation of the M.S., and besides all this he was
constantly harassed by want. The Parisian booksellers, witnesses of his
painful efforts, urged him to make an application direct to the Minister
of Public Instruction for a Librarianship, and offered him their utmost
support. A petition was accordingly drawn up and subscribed by sixty-six
of the principal and most influential publishers and booksellers in
Paris. It was seconded by another, signed by five Academicians, who were
also librarians, M. M. Naudet, Letronne, Ch. Lenormant, Charles Magnin,
and L. Feuillet.

Quérard did not even receive a reply. This was in September 1842. M.
Villemain was minister, with M. Désiré Nisard at the head of the division
of science and literature. In an unfortunate moment of precipitation,
Quérard was guilty of a _lapsus calami_, and this it appears was
sufficient to wipe out, in the eyes of this pompous minister, twenty
years zealous and laborious study. M. Villemain underlined the fatal
word, and, with a superb air of disdain, threw the petition to his
clerks, saying:—“That is my answer.”

About the year 1844, Quérard met Mr. Panizzi, (“honorable et savant,”
as the former very justly observes.) His works had gained for him the
good-will of Mr. Panizzi, who wishing to give him a proof of his respect,
proposed him as a proper person for a post in the Library of the British
Museum. However, in spite of the cordial feelings which then prevailed
between France and England, Quérard was rejected because he was a
Frenchman.[11] Whether we, or he lost most by this, it is difficult to
say. The men at the head of the only national institution an Englishman
can be proud of, having, fortunately, been the right men in the right
place, but it would have been an honorable and gracious act on our part,
and one which would have reflected lasting credit on us, that the merit
and talent of a son of France, disregarded by his own government, should
have been appreciated by England. Our bibliographer bore this refusal in
mind, who indeed would not have done so, and when in May and July the
“Sydenham Society” made a proposal to him, to undertake the important
catalogue of their medical works in the French language, flattering as it
was, he did not accept it.

(VIII.)—_Le Moniteur de la Librairie, mémorial universel des publications
françaises et étrangères anciennes et modernes, rédacteur en chef. M.
J.-M. Quérard. 1844; 8ᵛᵒ._ Was published the 10th, 15th, and 20th, of
each month. Founded on the plan of the _Bibliologue_. First edited by
Paul Colomb. Nos. 5 and 6, February 1844, contain an excellent article by
S.-Marie Guichard, on _La Littérature française contemporaine_, and the
_Manuel du Libraire_ of Brunet. The immense labor of Quérard is praised
as it merits. M. Brunet is also treated as a bibliographer of the first
class, but it is justly remarked that the vice of his system is in the
nature of all select bibliographies.[12]

(IX.)—_Le Bibliothécaire. Archives d’histoire littéraire de biographie,
de bibliologie et de bibliographie redigée, par M. M. Mécène, [Serge
Poltoratzky,] et Photius. [J.-M. Q.] No. 1, Juillet 1844. Paris, rue
Jacob, No. 33. 1844; 8ᵛᵒ; 64._ Only one number published, and an extract
of the 2nd, a notice of J.-P.-J. Arcet. 1844; 8ᵛᵒ; 39. Very little known,
as only 100 copies were printed.

    The authors of this Journal wish to raise the literature of
    bibliography from its present debased condition in France.[13]

(X.)—_Les auteurs déguisés de la littérature française au XIXᵉ siècle.
Essai bibliographique pour servir de Supplément aux recherches d’A. A.
Barbier, sur les ouvrages pseudonymes. Par J.-M. Q. (allegorical cut.)
Paris, au bureau du “Bibliothécaire.” 1845; 8ᵛᵒ; 84._

This was merely written as a specimen of the _Supercheries_. It is of
little value at present.[14] There is an excellent article upon it in
the “National” for 1844, by Old Nick.[15] [Forgues] almost entirely
reprinted in the introduction to the _Supercheries_; and one by the
Marquess of Foudras, in the “Quotidienne” of August 1846. See No. XVII.

“Vanity, modesty, malice, mischievousness, cowardice, fear, cupidity, are
the causes of these different disguises.”[16]

Quérard also thought of publishing a continuation of the _Bibliothèque
Historique de la France_ of Lelong, but he never did,[17] which is
perhaps not to be regretted.

(XI.)—_Plaidoyer par M. J.-M. Quérard contre M. M. Daguin frères prononcé
par Mᵉ. Nibelle devant la cour royale de Paris, chambres des vacations,
audience du mercredi 22 Octobre 1845, avec des pièces justificatives et
des notes. Paris, rue Mazarine No. 60, 6 août. 1846._[18] A pamphlet.

(XII.)—_Dictionnaire des ouvrages Polyonymes et Anonymes de la
Littérature Française, 1700-1845. Publié sous les auspices d’un
Bibliophile étranger [M. Serge Poltoratzky]. Paris. L’Éditeur, rue
Mazarine, Nos. 60-62, 1846_; 240; 3 parts only published, pp. 80 each 2
fr. L. P. copies 4 fr. From A (Auguste Barbier) to Almanach Musicale,
in all 2673 articles. The cover is the only title-page, and it is the
same as _La France Littéraire_, with the above additions. “Arises” in
the motto without the final “s.” Quérard’s very numerous coadjutors in
this work, and criticisms, will be found in (XVII). The publication was
suspended by the Revolution.

“M. Quérard is the most intrepid expositor of literary frauds and dodges
known. We cannot understand that the life of one man would be sufficient
to arrange so many titles, to see through so many mysteries, to baffle
so many precautions and artifices, and yet M. Quérard is still a young
man.”[19] This part is valuable for the articles Académie and Almanack,
if for no others.

When are we to have a Dictionary of English anonyms, and Pseudonyms?
We put the two together because those who have treated of one, have
generally of the other. We have heard that Mr. Halkett is going to supply
these desiderata, if so we trust he will be induced to hasten his labor.
Such a work correctly executed—and corrected for the press, with the
utmost precision—will be a boon, and make a lasting reputation for its
author.[20] We are confident however that it cannot possibly approach
completeness without a search through the British Museum catalogues. No
work of the kind could be, without going through this most stupendous
bibliographical monument, which for correctness and knowledge, is quite
beyond the comprehension of any but those who are well acquainted with
it. We do not pretend that it has not defects; it has some very grave
ones, both of general arrangement, and minute detail. In the former what
we most complain of is the alphabetical order of the title-pages. This
is a great deformity, which we hope will be remedied, if the catalogue
is ever printed, no matter how great the labor. It is productive of
the greatest anachronisms. Thus “Waverley” which is Sir Walter Scott’s
earliest production, comes last in the list. The facility for reference
that the old catalogue possesses over the new in this respect is very
great. The eye runs down dates almost without effort, but if the title
has to be followed it must be read. It is easier to remember the date of
a book, than its alphabetical title. An understanding of the system of
cataloguing would be greatly aided by the rules being printed on a card,
after the manner of the “plan” of the Reading Room.

Notwithstanding its many shortcomings taken as a whole it is an
extraordinary, and unprecedented work,[21] but for which we should have
to cede the palm of fine catalogues to the Americans, who are following
in the wake of the Germans, by whom it is justly considered that a man
of talent is the most proper Librarian. At present the post of Librarian
is so ridiculously remunerated in most of our Libraries, that no man of
standing could think of accepting it, and indeed so little do English
people as a rule consider this necessary that they would not think of
employing a man of talent. The situations of organist and librarian, are
most _honorable_ posts for professional men; and paid much on the same
principles.

In 1847 M. J.-C. Brunet was decorated with the cross of the Legion
of Honor for his _Manuel du Libraire_. The subject of this biography
considered that his work was of more importance to the history of French
Literature than the _Manuel_, and at least merited the same reward.
Englishmen are aware what store is set by our sprightly neighbours upon
this cross, and though we laugh at the effect, we cannot but reverence
the feelings which prompt the desire for its acquisition. He accordingly
wrote to M. Salvandy with the recommendations of two influential persons
to support his request. M. Salvandy was more polite than M. Villemain had
been in the year 1842. More polite!—He answered, but what an answer:—

    Monsieur,

    J’ai reçu la lettre que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’écrire
    pour m’exposer vos titres à la décoration de la Légion
    d’honneur. J’ai fait prendre note de votre demande, que
    j’examinerai lors du prochain travail des promotions avec tout
    l’intérêt qui s’attache aux honorables recommendations dont
    elle est appuyée.

    24 Juin, 1847.

They could not spare this order of distinction for a work of twenty
years, which is used as a guide to French Literature throughout
the civilized world, but they would recollect the two honorable
recommendations by which the request was supported.

The third great work Quérard published is entitled:—

(XIII.)—_Les Supercheries Littéraires Dévoilées. Galerie des Auteurs
apocryphes, supposés, déguisés, plagiaires et des éditeurs infidèles de
la Littérature Française pendant les quatre derniers siècles; ensemble
les industriels littéraires et des lettrés qui se sont anoblis à notre
époque. Par M. J.-M. Q. Paris, L’Éditeur, Rue Mazarine, 60 et 62, 1847;
cxlviii. 600; corrections 600-604. Vol. II. 639; corrections 639-650.
Vol. III. Paris, L’Éditeur, Rue de Seine, 62. 1850; 614. Notice des
travaux Bibliographiques de M. J.-M. Q. de Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine) (né
le 25 Décembre 1797) avec les jugements portés par les critiques._ 1850;
32; bound up at the end of this volume, also published separately. (See
XVII.) _Vol. IV. Paris, L’Éditeur, Rue de Seine 36. 1852; 668. Vol. V._
1853-4; 410. The asterisms begin in this volume, and occupy 72 pages.
Then the index of Authors’ names. There are 9430 articles in the work.
The covers of the parts of all Quérard’s works should be bound up with
them. Published in parts at 2 francs 25 cent. pp. 80 each. The dedication
is “A. M. Wohlthætter, M. S. P. S. M.” ami éclairé des lettres et savant
bibliographe; _i.e._ A M[on] Wohlthætter (German for “bienfaiteur”)
M. S[erge] P[oltoratzky] S[eigneur] M[oscovite], to whom not only the
publication of the work, but many of the articles were due.

    Here is a title which promises some interesting revelations,
    and alone seems to contain the scandalous chronicle of French
    Literature, already a pamphlet on the same subject has been
    eagerly bought up. No. IX.[22]

    M. Quérard is a hunter, whose malice equals his courage, and
    who is served by talented and learned correspondents, well
    versed in all the little scandals of Literature. The result of
    this concatenation, is a book which makes a “bruit d’enfer,” in
    which all the celebrities of the pen are unmasked. Where all
    the dodges of pride or cupidity are exposed.[23]

    M. Quérard’s thirst for literary truth is inexhaustible, and
    if he could not speak to the public he would go like a certain
    mythological personage and reveal to the earth in default
    of auditors, that Midas had asses ears, or rather borrowed
    ears.[24]

As a rule bibliography is a production of the mind too cold and dry to
produce even a slight emotion, but this work was a rare exception: it was
read, and praised, and abused. So many writers found their works handled
rather roughly perhaps but truthfully as a rule. Their pride offended by
the exposure of numerous literary frauds, some of little moment, others
of magnitude. Their self esteem was touched, and where is an author more
susceptible? The malevolence of some of his critics added to the success
of the work, which though bibliographical was found interesting and racy,
and a second edition was called for immediately, an unprecedented event
in the annals of bibliography.

    This work singular as it is, is far from being so well known
    as it should be, because the whole edition is in the libraries
    of amateurs of bibliographical propensities. It is now very
    rare and another edition is everywhere called for. Often are
    amusement and instruction looked for side by side, and on this
    score few books are so captivating as this fearless compendium
    of literary frauds discovered. And if this or that name is
    the object of an accumulation of pages, it is all the more
    deplorable, because they are true. We must refer the reader
    to the names of supposed authors. (Having given the titles of
    several works the critic proceeds to say:)—

    This as is apparent is an assemblage of considerable works.

    They have not made the fortune of their indefatiguable author;
    they have only given him renown, with a certain number who
    appreciate the difficulty and the range of such a work and who
    are astonished that one man, who has been able to execute them,
    does not occupy a high position in our National Library. That
    which M. Quérard has experienced is the inevitable misfortune
    which attaches to all who attempt to disseminate truth. And
    in fact his numerous works demand from their merits, a kind
    of implacability, it was necessary to say all. He has made
    numerous and powerful enemies. It was for the public to
    compensate him, as it was to enlighten and instruct the public
    that this pitiless, and too precise bibliographer encountered
    the hatred which is the cause of his poverty. I nevertheless
    doubt, even if he could begin his career anew, with a
    fore-knowledge of all the dangers of truthfulness before him,
    whether a man of his stamp of integrity would be able to allow
    himself to make the least concession to pride, were it even to
    those men who vote at the “Palais Mazarin”! M. Quérard is of a
    family of incorrigibles and truth is his idol.[25]

“The title alone of this book promises a great scandal: the most
interesting revelations. What a bait for malignity! What attraction
for legitimate curiosity! There are some articles in it which of
themselves would make the reputation of any book, such as the long
notice of Cagliostro where M. de Courchamp is so severely treated, and
that on Catherine, the great Catherine, she whom Voltaire, Diderot and
d’Alembert, whom the prince de Ligne called “Catherine the great,” and
whom M. P. R. A.-S the coadjutor of M. Quérard successively strips of all
the literary titles by which she was gratified; and even of the familiar
letters leaving her nothing in French, but an incorrect and barbarous
style devoid of talent, wit, or understanding.”[26]

The original title of this work was _Les Auteurs &c._[27] _Les
Supercheries Littéraires Dévoilées_ was added on the cover to the third
part and afterwards to the title-page.

“As will be seen M. Quérard has changed the title (during publication)
and made it even a little more satirical than it was before.”[28] But
the principal articles from which a book might be composed is devoted
to M. Alexandre Dumas. One of M. Quérard’s coadjutors[29] has nurtured
this article with affection or rather with ingenious and indefatigable
hatred. We cannot but deplore that a talented writer should so often
allow himself to overlook the dictates of delicacy, and be led away by
the ardour of his unexampled industry. We ought to say that the article
in which M. Dumas is placed, as if upon his trial, breathes a tone that
should render the most legitimate criticism suspicious. The articles of
accusation begin at page 404, and end at 480. “This only embraces the
dramatic pieces of the accused, or rather the condemned one. The novels
come next, and heaven knows what that promises.[30] In this part, the
critic who has taken charge of M. Alexandre Dumas finishes with a furious
and unparalleled slaughter; he gives the last blows with a sledge hammer.
No doubt M. Dumas will not die of the effects; he will only come out
bruised and scratched; but the knowing reader will have had his laugh,
and that is a great point in this “vale of tears.” In running over
the other articles, we do not recover from our surprise when we find
M. Quérard well posted up in so many intrigues, initiated in so many
mysteries and artifices. He is as terrible as remorse, and formidable as
conscience. The preliminary discourse upon literary frauds ancient and
modern is equally full of singular and curious incidents.”[31]

    It has lately been said, but we do not believe it, that the
    author of that terrible pamphlet against Alexandre Dumas in
    the SUPERCHERIES is chiefly the work of Signor Florentino,
    who is supposed to be one of the coadjutors of the celebrated
    dramatist-novelist, and who says he is author of the first part
    of Monte Christo. One thing which no one can explain astonishes
    us; that of all the writers who pretend to have so nobly sold
    their genius to Alexandre Dumas, there is not one who has been
    able to write a line for his own profit which anyone will
    buy.[32]

    In the notice on the death of Louis Philippe, King of the
    French, some observations will be found on Quérard’s in the
    SUPERCHERIES.[33]

    The name of Quérard, already of European reputation by his
    numerous writings, will one day be graven in letters of gold
    over the portals of every library in the French dominions, as
    that of the most faithful guide of the librarian devoted to the
    study of French Literature.[34]

An article in _La Silhouette_ for 30 January 1848, signed “Le Rat,”
(_Pseud._ Auguste Vitu) imputed numerous errors to Quérard, and at
the word “Rat,” in _Les Supercheries_, he reprints the article, and
convicts the “Rat” of numerous errors and shows that he was right. We
however cannot but consider that a work like this is not the place
for a discussion, which certainly should not have occupied its pages,
and doubtless in the second edition all such blemishes as these would
have been removed. The Baron de Reiffenberg, though a great friend
and coadjutor of Quérard, having contributed many articles to the
_Supercheries_, is exposed like all the rest. Quérard says that he much
regrets the task imposed upon him, but he should lose the good opinion
of the shade of the Baron, if he were not conscientiously to carry out
the article. No doubt if the Baron had been alive this article would have
been just the same, though at the risk of losing one of his best friends.

The article on Alexandre Dumas, occupying 170 octavo pages, contains
the most extraordinary disclosures of literary frauds and peccadillos
ever exposed in any nation or in any age. By this article it seems that
M. Alexandre Dumas has committed every imaginable literary fraud, and
a great many unimaginable ones. This is only a sample, the book from
beginning to end is the same, only every one it exposes or discloses is
not of such world-wide renown.

In a note at p. 483, we learn that Thackeray concerned himself about M.
Dumas and the length of French novels, which he satirically wishes would
never end. Almost as a fulfilment of his wish M. Dumas published _Les
Mémoires d’un Médecin_, which the circulating libraries announced would
be in 80 volumes.[35]

Here we find that those extraordinary and popular works _Les Trois
Mousquetaires_, _Vingt ans après_, _&c._, are not written by Alexandre
Dumas, and much other interesting information relative to the works
themselves. But disappointment borders on disgust when we learn that we
have been cheated into thanking M. Dumas for _Monte Christo_.

An Index to the Article is given, and one of authors “whom M. Dumas has
snatched from bad society to introduce into good;” in all 73.

Quérard began the second edition, under the following title:—_Les
Supercheries L. D. G. des E. F. de toute l’Europe qui se sont déguisés
sous des anagrammes, des astéronymes, des boustrophédons, des
criptonymes, des initialismes, des noms littéraires, des pseudonymes
facétieux et bizarres, etc., découverts ou non; des auteurs apocryphes,
etc. Précédé d’un introduction intitulée “Des Supercheries littéraire
anciennes et moderne, plus particulièrement en France.” Par &c. avec le
concours de bibliothécaires et bibliophile Français Belges, Suisses,
etc._ But death carried him off when the first part only was published.
The articles instead of 9430 would have been about 30,000.[36]

There is probably no necessity for a work on literary frauds in so
caustic a style as Quérard’s, but that there is ample scope for such a
work in English literature there cannot be the least doubt. Some of our
pseudonyms are the most grotesque, some are harmless, some absurd, and
some infamous.[37]

We trust that the second edition of the Supercheries will be taken up
by one of France’s numerous talented bibliographers. But do not let it
be an expurgated edition; if there are passages which the editor might
think would be better softened down let him not touch it. Let Quérard
speak. The editing should be confined to revision and correction. The
reflections in the second cannot be more severe than in the first
edition, and the worst complaint he had was only that of a second-rate
writer, who said that Quérard had falsely ascribed a pseudonym to him,
which was partly true. Quérard himself says:—“_L’Auteur tenait beaucoup,
et non sans raison, à publier lui-même ses matériaux si laborieusement
rassemblés, et, qui pouvaient plus tard tomber en des mains étrangères
à la science de toute sa vie qui n’hésiteraient pourtant point à les
éditer, malgré la conviction de n’y rien entendre, si nous pouvons en
juger par ce qui se passe journellement sous nos yeux._”[38]

So entirely was he absorbed by his laborious studies that our learned
bibliographer never gave his own interests present or future a passing
thought, so that from the time when he first made known his talents to
the world in 1827, up to the date of his death he was constantly in a
most precarious position. The years 1845 and 1854 were worse than any
others.

In 1845, the brothers Daguin, publishers of the _Littérature Française
contemporaine_, bought a number of French classics, expurgated in favor
of the methodist protestants, which swallowed up the capital their father
had left them two years before. One of them seeing that the bankruptcy
of the firm was imminent (it effectually disappeared the same year) put
himself in a position to continue the _Littérature contemp._, though
without the slightest knowledge or preparatory study, required for
such a work, of which in fact he was only the publisher. The agreement
Quérard had made with him in good faith, but which was only an extract
of one Messrs. Didot had imposed upon him, received a most perfidious
interpretation, as we have seen above, for the author was unjustly though
legally deprived of the result of his own labors: of the emanation of his
brain. He appealed, but only made the case worse, the judges confirmed
the award of the arbitrator, and mulcted him not only in damages and
interest, but in the costs with a stipulation that he was to be arrested
if he did not pay. M. F. Daguin desirous that every one should know the
sort of man he was, pressed Quérard with unheard of severity, and pushed
his barbarity so far as to get him condemned to five years imprisonment
at Clichy. Luckily the information had been improperly laid; there was a
flaw in the instructions, and Quérard was freed after _only_ three months
imprisonment. But he had to pay this man who had deprived him of his
means of living, 1600 francs, more than he received for editing a volume
and a half of his work. The cowardly indignities of the publisher, who
in one of his letters has the impudent hypocrisy to say that he had been
lenient with Quérard, and had not prosecuted him to the utmost rigor of
the law, did not cease there. Knowing that he had effectually deprived
our bibliographer of every means of establishing his rights, he put the
finishing stroke to his perfidy. In the preface of Vol. VI. of _La France
Littéraire_, Quérard promised a supplement to that work when finished,
to include all additions and corrections, from 1700 to 1842. To deprive
him of this resource, the publisher no sooner possessed himself of _La
Litt. Française Contemporaine_ than he altered its plan, and introduced
additions which _were totally out of place_. Then the _Supercheries_ and
the XI. Vol. of _La France Littéraire_ appeared, and as each new part
was published, so was it pillaged to ameliorate and supply the defects
of the publisher’s book. Thus nearly 1200 articles whether belonging to
the original plan or not of _La Littérature contemporaine_ were stolen
from the former to enrich the latter. The only answer to the author’s
complaints was that “_Les Supercheries_ of Quérard belonged to everybody!”

_Un Feuillet pour les Supercheries littéraires dévoilées de Quérard;
par S. P. Y. de Moscou_ [_Serge Poltoratzky_] _et J.-M. Quérard_. In
_Bibliographie de la France, XXXVII. année. Paris. Pillet aîné, 1848._
8ᵛᵒ.

(XIV.)—_Bibliographie la Mennaisienne. Notice Bibliographique des
ouvrages de M. de la Mennais, de leurs réfutations, de leurs apologies,
et des biographes de cet écrivain. Troisième édition augmenté. 1850; 2
fr. 50 c. (1st ed. 1849; 149.)_

    This pamphlet was extracted from the SUPERCHERIES, with
    additions.

    The Biographie La Mennaisienne presents a lamentable spectacle.
    We have a Priest, first orthodox, then sincere, and anon
    gradually inclining towards apostacy and impiety, choked with
    pride and spleen, up to the very day when the verse of Tartuffe
    could be applied to him:—

    “Voilà je vous l’avoue, un abominable homme.”[39]

(XV.)—_Omissions et bévues du livre intitulé “La Littérature Française
Contemporaine,” par M. M. Louandre et F. Bourquelot, ou Correctif de cet
ouvrage, avec cette épigraphe: Male parta, male dilabuntur. (Première
livraison). (Bon.-Chr.)_ 1848, 8ᵛᵒ.; _xx._ 33, 2 fr.; L. P. 4 fr. Double
columns, with two lithographs.

_Réponse aux calomnies que M. Quérard a dirigées contre moi dans son
dernier pamphlet intitulé Omissions et bévues de la L. F. C. (signed F.
Daguin.) Paris._ 1848; 8ᵛᵒ.

    M. Félix Daguin, after having agreed with M. Quérard for the
    continuation of his FRANCE LITTÉRAIRE broke his agreement
    without any real (or rather avowable) motive and then obtained
    the services of M. M. Louandre, and Bourquelot, men of talent.
    M. Quérard’s absence however very soon became apparent.
    Everybody had not his intrepid capacity for exploration, nor
    his incessant desire for exactitude, qualities which no vices
    of editorship can obscure. M. Quérard attributes the errors in
    the continuation of his work to the publisher, rather than to
    the gentlemen who edit it. He takes up the work where he left
    it, and carries on his revision slowly but surely. The errata
    of the second volume is perfectly frightful. It is evidence to
    which there is no reply. To an argument of this kind there is
    no opposition but silence.[40]

(XVI.)—_Encyclopédie du Bibliothécaire. Prospectus 1850._ Another under
this title:—_Encyclopédie du B. de l’homme d’études et du bibliophile
Français. Dernier Prospectus—spécimen 1851; r. 8; 24._ We then have 8
pages of the names of 382 subscribers; he had eventually 800, but had
determined not to publish under 1000.

This is a work so vast that the life of one man would have been
insufficient to execute it unaided. A long list of co-editors is given,
comprising all the bibliographical talent of France.

This prospectus suggested M. M. Denis and Pinçon the idea of their very
excellent _Nouvel Manuel de Bibliographie Universelle. Paris._ 1857; 8ᵛᵒ.
A microscopical miniature of the one Quérard dreamt of, and one day would
have published, we believe, had he lived. A comparison with the table of
Brunet’s great work will generally prove to the advantage of the former.
It was to have been in 15 royal octavo volumes, of about 800 pages each,
double columns, with engravings; six specimen portraits are given in this
prospectus; each volume 25 francs.

(XVII.)—_Notice des travaux Bibliographiques de M. J.-M. Quérard, de
Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine), (né le 25 Décembre 1797), avec les jugements
portés par les critiques._ No title-page. _Paris_, 1850; 32. Includes
Nos. II., VII., X., XII., XIII. There are thirteen pages of critiques on
this work quoted. XIV., five pages of critiques quoted, and XVI.

(XVIII.)—_Les Plagiats Reiffenbergiens dévoilés. Extrait du tome IV. des
“Supercheries Littéraires.” Paris._ 1851; 8ᵛᵒ. 39; 2 francs. Only 50
copies printed.

(XIX.)—_Notice sur les études littéraires, historiques et
bibliographiques, de M. Bajot. Paris._ 1852; 8ᵛᵒ.; 16.

(XX.)—_Notice sur M. Serge Poltoratzky bibliophile et bibliographe
russe, membre honoraire de la Bibliothèque Impériale publique de
Saint-Pétersbourg. Paris, imprimerie de W. Remquet et Cie. successeurs
de P. Renouard, rue Garancière, No. 5, Novembre 1854; 20. Signed J.-M.
Quérard._ Only 100 copies printed. An extract from Vol. XI. of L. F. L.
Not in double columns.

_Moucherat de Longpré. Problème littéraire definitivement résolu en 1854,
par M. Quérard._[41] An article upon this subject by that noble-minded
Russian, M. Serge Poltoratzky.

In 1854, the son of a man of ninety-three having disputed the right of
the author of _Les supercheries littéraires dévoilées_, to extract from
the _Moniteur_ of the time a notice of his father, delayed judgment
for two years, and prevented the completion of Quérard’s work, and
finally imposed upon him the circulation of an extra sheet containing
an historical falsehood. Not only was the printing suspended, but the
printers who were pestered by the incessant demands of the son, wanted
to be rid of so troublesome a customer as Quérard. They therefore
required an authority to receive for _three years_ the pension allowed
the bibliographer by the minister of public instruction, to cover the
expenses of printing which were then due. It was then, when deprived
of every means of support, as he had been in 1845, always of course
reckoning on the sympathy of his habitual readers, that he founded in
1855 a bibliographical Journal entitled after his own name:—

(XXI.)—_Le Quérard. Archives d’histoire littéraire de biographie et de
bibliographie française. Complément périodique de la France littéraire.
Par l’auteur de La France Littéraire, des Supercheries Littéraires
Dévoilées, etc. etc. (Mottoes:)—Arrière, camarades et ereinteurs; mais
à nous les hommes de vrai savoir et de conscience.—Ceci est un livre de
bonne foi.—Montaigne. Paris, au bureau du Journal, passage Dauphine,
escalier_ H. 1855-6; 8ᵛᵒ; 587—II. 648. The index, pages 645 to 648,
vol. II., is frequently wanting. This, unfortunately, turned out another
bad speculation for its unlucky editor. An article of several pages is
devoted to this journal, in the _Bulletin du Bib. Belge_, XI. 145; 246,
XII., 151.

As this work is almost a supplement to his others, and contains some
valuable articles not elsewhere, we give a summary:—

    Les Bridel, I. 88. by Ph. Bridel.—La Bibliographie devant les
    Tribunaux M. de Saint-Albin v. Quérard p. 183.—Bibliothèque
    des frères Gébéodé.—Coup d’œil retrospectif sur le Zombi du
    Grand-Pérou, p. 187. II: 328. Livres intéressants pour la
    France dans la Bibliotheca Grenvillana, p. 189. Les Aventures
    de Faublas, 388. Sur les Mélanges publiés par la Philobiblion
    Society, London, 374. Remon Sebon, 447. Indiscrétions d’un
    vieux bibliographe. Additions aux Supercheries Littéraires
    Dévoilées, 451. Anagramme et Cryptonyme (Blocquel), 553. Du
    Catalogue Fortsas, 537, & II., 11. Pourquoi une souscription
    Quérard, 542. Vol. II. Sur la Famille d’Honoré Balzac, 7.
    Charles Dickens, Fautes d’impressions, 12. Ouvrages de Quérard
    49, 643. Etat des livres et des Bibliothèques avant l’invention
    de l’imprimerie, 45. Recherches sur quelques écrivains
    ridicules, 1, Pierre le Loyer—2, Ch.-Joseph de Grave, 3, Le P.
    Maimbourg, 4, Les théologiens jésuites d’Ingolstadt du XVIe
    siècle, 49. Technologie Bibliographique, ou vocabulaire de la
    Bibliographie érudite, 154. Feuillets de l’Encyclopédie inédite
    du Bibliothécaire. Marguerite d’Autriche, Gœthe, 163. France.
    Academies, 317. Marie Antoinette d’Autriche, 401-479. Charlotte
    Corday, 440. De Stael, 507. Montaigne. 522. Biographie,
    Garneau, Historien de Canada, 172. Le Comte Falloux du Coudray,
    241. Les contes de Perrault, 251. L. Curmer, 267. De Tribus
    Impostoribus, 270. “Le Portrait du Loquettes,” 275. H.-L. Wolff
    de Spa, 275. George de Tours, 301. Bibliothèque de Racine;
    de Grolier; de Napoleon, 394. Jean Paul Marat, 489. M. Jozon
    d’Erquar, 488. Les Clubs de Bibliophiles en Angleterre et les
    bibliothèques particulières de Londres, 550. La Roumanie, 567.
    La Famille Guizot, 601.[42]

In _Le Quérard_, he seems first to have used the anagram “d’Erquar,”
after a capital explanation of his reasons for publishing parts of
the _Encyclopédie_. He uses it again (Vol. 2. 488) to supplement the
monograph of Charlotte Corday. We fancy we trace Quérard’s style in other
articles, and it is probable that he used other signatures; thus he
quietly indulged sometimes in a little self-adulation, which did no harm,
and was probably a source of considerable amusement and satisfaction to
him.

Unfortunately from the first year it had not the success Quérard required
to clear him of his embarrassments. This last reverse induced him to make
another attempt with the minister of public instruction. M. H. Fortoul,
who was fond of, and sympathised with the industrious, received the timid
petitioner, who lived only in his study, and who was much disconcerted by
his visit to the Minister, with great kindness. M. Fortoul spontaneously
suggested to him that his right place was in one of the libraries of
Paris, and promised to give it his serious consideration on the first
vacancy. But M. H. Fortoul died:[43] there was nobody to keep the promise
he had made. Our unfortunate bibliographer had still to wait and still to
suffer! And he did. He waited and suffered to the last.[44]

M. Beriat-Saint-Prix had compassion on the unfortunate and precarious
position of our bibliographer, and one of the most worthy publishers of
Paris, whose father of old had put fortune in Quérard’s way by sending
him to Austria as an agent, M. Hector Bossange, took the initiative at
the beginning of 1855 of a subscription in favor of him, who for upwards
of thirty years rendered a service by his estimable labors, not only to
literature, but to the literary establishments of every country, and
who was yet left without reward. M. Bossange was fortunate enough to
make Messrs. Didot brothers and J.-B Baillière join in his sympathy,
and the announcement of the subscription was sent forth. M. Bossange,
who from the year 1825 always gave Quérard proofs of his esteem and
friendship, put his whole soul and prodigious activity to endeavor to
make it a success. Truly never was bibliographer the subject of so
flattering an ovation. In this subscription which was only got up with
the view of asking the aid of French publishers, librarians joined
with bibliophiles and foreign librarians; and in the list of those who
gave Quérard evidence of their regard, we read the names of Germans,
Americans, Spaniards, English, Belgians, Danes, Italians and Russians.
The absence of several names is remarkable. For instance the library of
the _Bibliothèque Impériale_ of Paris is not represented by a single man,
whilst in this list we read the names of three Librarians of the British
Museum,[45] one of the Astor Library of New York, one of Moscow, and
several others; this was unpatriotic, and in flagrant bad taste, to a man
whose works had frequently assisted their learning when at fault. The
name of the author of the “_Manuel du Libraire_” is conspicuous by its
absence.

Quérard now thought he was rid of his embarrassments, but he had
not reckoned upon that fatality which seemed to attach to him. The
subscription was not yet closed when another misfortune struck him. Under
the insignificant pretext of a confusion of names, which neither affected
his influence nor his interests, a pious writer who wished to occupy the
public mind with himself, summoned our bibliographer before the court
for this error, which offended his vanity. This devout man consecrated
a fraud, of which he had been guilty, and obtained against our poor
bibliographer a decree and costs which amounted to 2000 francs! to be
deducted from the subscription already reduced one-half by the debts of
the journal _Le Quérard_.

Have we now sufficiently justified the title, as applied to the national
bibliograph of France, of “A Martyr to Bibliography?”

(XXII.)—_M. le Baron Modeste de Korff, directeur en Chef de la
Bibliothèque Impériale publique de Saint Petersbourg._ 1856; 8ᵛᵒ; 8.

He sometimes spells Korff—Korf.

(XXIII.)—_La Famille Guizot. Monographie bibliographique. Paris.
L’auteur, rue Mazarine 27._ 1857; 8ᵛᵒ; 32.

Notices extracted from _Le Quérard_, and signed by Quérard.

(XXIV.)—_Un Martyr de la Bibliographie. Notice sur la vie et les travaux
de J.-M. Quérard, auteur de la F. L., Supercheries L. D. etc., etc.,
suivie de la liste générale des personnes qui, en Europe et en Amérique,
ont pris part à la souscription Quérard en 1855. (Extrait du tome XI. de
la France Littéraire) Paris, l’éditeur, rue Mazarine, 27._ 1857; 8ᵛᵒ; 15
+ 8.

The “notice” begins on page 5, and ends at 15, and is subscribed:—_Un
compatriote et ami du Bibliographe Mar Jozon d’Erquar_ [anagram of
Quérard]; then follows:—_Pièces dans la souscription-Quérard lettre des
Promoteurs_.

It is signed _Ambroise-Firmin Didot, J.-B. Baillière, Hector Bossange
et fils. Dated, Paris, 15 Nov., 1855._ From the _Feuilleton de la
Bibliographie, de la France, 23 Nov., 1855_. Then follows:—_Pourquoi
une souscription Quérard?_ signed by the latter and extracted from
_Le Quérard_ of Dec. 1855. We then have:—_Liste générale de M. M. les
libraires, bibliophiles littérateurs et bibliothécaires de l’Europe et
de l’Amérique qui ont pris part à la souscription proposée par M. M. F.
Didot, J.-B. Baillière, et H. Bossange et fils, en faveur du Bibliographe
Français J.-M. Q. pp. 8_.

It is headed by the Emperor of the French 500 francs. The last name is
“Watts (Thomas).” It amounts to nearly 4,500 francs.

(XXV.)—_Une question d’histoire littéraire résolue. Réfutation du
paradoxe bibliographique de M. R. Chantelauze: le comte Joseph de Maistre
auteur de “L’antidote au congrès de Rastadt.” Par l’auteur des S. L. D.
Paris, l’auteur, rue Mazarine, 27. Lyon: Marius Conchon, libraire, rue
Impériale, 15. 16 Juillet._ 1859; 42. Not in double columns.

Notice on _La vie et ouvrages du P. N. Grose. Par le P. A. A. Cadrès._
_Paris_, 1862, in the _Bulletin du Bouquiniste_ of Aubry. Paris, 8ᵛᵒ. p.
202.

He continued the _Feuillets de l’Encyclopédie (inédite) du
Bibliothécaire_ (_E. H. A. Gaullieur_) in the _Bulletin du Bouquiniste_
of Aubrey. Paris, 1863, p. 371, et seq.

(XXVI.)—_Retouches au nouveau Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes et
Pseudonymes de M. E. De Manne par l’auteur Des Supercheries Littéraires
dévoilées. Paris, chez l’auteur, Quai Saint-Michel, 21. Juillet, 1862_;
8ᵛᵒ; VIII. 46 double columns, 4 francs. De Manne’s came out in May.

We advise any one who wishes to get an idea of these corrections to go
through the six pages of errata at the end. Well may Quérard call De
Manne an amateur bibliograph, when he allows such errors and defects to
appear.

Dr. Petzholdt praises these “Retouches” very highly.[46]

    “As for the Dictionary of M. de Manne, the “Retouches”
    comprises a table of authors, and a considerable errata of
    great ability, which will be precious for those who possess the
    work. This shows that M. Quérard does not consider the work of
    De Manne beneath his notice, as he takes the trouble to make it
    complete.”[47]

(XXVII.)—_Monographie Bibliographique._ (Half-title). _Les Robespierre.
Monographie Bibliographique. Par J.-M. Q. Paris: L’Éditeur, Quai
Saint-Michel, No. 21. Mars, 1863. 8ᵛᵒ; 44; 4 francs._ Double columns. It
has no index.

Extracted from Vol. XII. of _La France Littéraire_. 100 copies printed.
Comprises 320 articles.

    “A little masterpiece, the perusal of which will greatly
    interest amateurs of historical researches. M. Quérard does not
    limit himself to the titles of books, he considers it necessary
    to know the contents. Thus arise certain prejudices against
    him. If he had written in more measured terms of authors his
    superior merit as a bibliographer would, we doubt not, be
    generally appreciated; for to him we owe several works which
    are among the best published in France.”[48]

(XXVIII.)—_De la Bibliographie Générale au dix-neuvième siècle et plus
particulièrement du Manuel du Libraire et de l’amateur de livres. Lettre
à M. Jacques-Charles Brunet, Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur, par J-M.
Quérard, auteur de la France Littéraire, des Supercheries Dévoilées, du
Quérard, etc., correspondant de la Société littéraire de Lyon. Paris:
L’Éditeur, Quai Saint-Michel, 21. Avril, 1863; r. 8ᵛᵒ; 24._

Every one must regret the cause, and the unfortunate feelings, which
prompted this bitterly written pamphlet, but which we, as biographers,
must relate. At the same time no one can regret that the information
contained in it was published. In 1844, Quérard inserted in his paper
(see VIII.) a most severe, though just, criticism, by Joseph-Marie
Guichard, on the 3rd edition of Brunet’s Manuel.[49]

According to Quérard, the whole of Brunet’s ill-feeling arose from this
article; and, indeed, no one can be surprised, for the criticism is most
damaging, and all the more effective for being written by a bibliographer
thoroughly cognizant of his subject. Quérard begins with a few
observations, in which he tells Brunet that he was at a loss to account
for his animosity until the fourth volume of his _Manuel_ appeared. He
then (2) gives a short life of Brunet, and a masterly summary of the
different important bibliographical works published during the nineteenth
century. (3) He reprints the learned criticism of Guichard, entitled _Du
Manuel du Libraire et de l’Amateur de Livres, par M. J.-C. Brunet, IVᵉ
édition. Tomes I.-III., et de La Littérature Française Contemporaine par
M. J.-M. Q. Tomes I. et II. Extrait du Moniteur de la Librairie numéros
des 10 et 20 février, 1844._ We then have (4) _Notices des Travaux
Bibliographiques de J.-M. Q. Par M. J.-C. Brunet Remaniée au point de vue
de la vérité altérée_, and Quérard’s observations upon Brunet’s notices
in his _Manuel_. We are bound to say that Brunet scarcely gives even the
titles of Quérard’s works correctly, whether on purpose or by accident we
know not. Then (5) _Calomnies de M. Brunet_.

In his _Manuel_, Brunet remarks the disparity between the letters A to K,
in his _Écrivains Pseudonymes_ (see p. 13), which are unproportionately
short. Quérard explains that this volume (XI.) was, originally, only
the commencement of the index for the _Supercheries_. But the editing
of the _Littérature Contemporaine_ was so loose, so full of errors and
omissions, that he felt sorry his name should be attached to it. He,
however, enlarged his plan, so that he included in his book most of the
omissions in the other. But as the work proceeded, he found that a great
part of his matter was adopted by the editors of the last-mentioned work,
and he then stopped his publication till the other was finished. He
always intended to publish a second edition of this volume which would
have then formed two or three, making it uniform with Vol XII., by which
he wished his merits as a bio-bibliographer to be judged.[50]

(XXX.)—_Quelques mots sur M. Bossange père, doyen des imprimeurs et des
libraires de Paris. Paris, 1864._ 4ᵗᵒ; 7.

Quérard’s quarrel with M. S. P. is one of the things most to be regretted
in his career, but he does not seem to have had that valuable quality
of making friends, and such was the obstinacy of his character, that he
would have sacrificed his dearest friendship to an idea. In fact it is
only from materials such as this that we ever obtain works of the nature
of Quérard’s.

He has been called “the chief of French bibliographers,”[51] “the
Patriarch and Apostle of men devoted to bibliographical studies,”[52] and
many other equally flattering, though not unmerited, epithets. He was the
first, and probably the last, person in France who attempted—with what
success our readers have seen—to make a profession, and an honourable
means of support out of the science of books. He must long have known
the madness of the endeavour, yet such was his devotion to his darling
art, he was totally unable to deviate from the path which inevitably
led to failure, for one which might have brought success. Bibliography
is an occupation that no one would follow with a fore-knowledge of the
incessant sacrifices, the continuous labour, this introduction to all
science claims at the hands of its votaries. But each one who comes
fresh to the study, brings with him hopes and aspirations which are
sufficient to buoy him up for many years in the struggle for knowledge;
though ultimately to be, like all predecessors, disappointed by neglect,
ignorance, and want of appreciation,[53]

Quérard was pre-eminently endowed with all the qualities which form a
bibliographer, the principal being indefatigable perseverance and the
strictest accuracy.[54] Of his character little is said; he was of a
retiring disposition, modest and unpretending, with a just idea of the
magnitude and importance of his labours, and a full knowledge of the most
unmerited neglect and of the cause of that neglect. He was indefatigable
in his application and worked unremittingly, a necessity, in fact, for
any one who wishes to execute any bibliographical undertaking. For
himself, though not for the literature of his country, it is to be
deplored that this love of research was not exercised in some other
calling in which such constant labour would have ensured an ordinary
competency, if not the highest position. The bibliography of his works
is, in fact, almost his biography. A most interesting feature of the
latter, however, as he himself remarks, would be his relations with
authors and publishers, and others with whom his publications brought him
in contact; whether he has left such, time will probably show.


FOOTNOTES:

[1] It is curious that this work, like that of Quérard, should have been
composed away from the repositories one would have expected the authors
to consult. Many parallel circumstances may be traced both in the lives
and works of these men, who so much benefited the literature of their
country: without any benefit to themselves. Quérard was robbed of his
work, as we shall presently see, and so was Watt. The former never
recovered his. The Watts had a year’s labour before they recompiled the
stolen sheets. CHAMBERS’ BIOG. DICT. OF EM: SCOTCH: IV. 439, 1856.

[2] We doubt whether so far as the public are concerned they are not
gainers by his not being pensioned off with some such post. If he
attended to his duties, would he have been able to go on with his work?
In 1856, he himself complained that the Officers in the Imperial Library
attended more to their own pursuits than to the Library or the public;
although it is only open from 10 till 3, and no books to be asked for
after ½ past 2. LE QUÉRARD, II., 564.

We have often thought what an amount of erudition a certain gentleman
at the British Museum must possess: it always reminds us of the sphinx,
it never speaks, nor does it impart its knowledge concealed behind that
expansive forehead. Even if some of the knowledge were imparted, should
we not then complain that our library was ill-attended to?

Upon this point we would refer the reader to Mr. Panizzi’s characteristic
evidence taken before the “Select Committee on the British Museum 1836,”
commencing at 4919.

[3] We cannot resist the temptation of giving this letter entire:—

    “Mon cher ami, je suis toujours votre abonné naturel,
    ordinaire, et extraordinaire pour toutes vos publications. Je
    lis votre journal avec un vif intérêt, et je vois que vous
    gagnez du terrain dans ce grand désert de la bibliographie,
    où le sol aride produit à peine des pommes de terre. La note
    que vous avez mise à l’occasion de la mort du ministre m’a
    serré le cœur en me rappelant une des plus grosses injustices
    de ce temps-ci; mais que voulez-vous? il est arrêté en
    principe ministériel que les bibliothécaires ne sont pas des
    bibliographes; les choses allaient de même sans doute avant
    la Révolution puisque comme le dit Beaumarchais, il fallait
    un calculateur et ce fut un danseur qu’on choisit. Vous
    protestez contre cette énormité en publiant de bons travaux: le
    meilleur serait encore une seconde édition revue, et augmentée
    de votre ‘France Littéraire.’ Quant à ‘l’Encyclopédie du
    bibliothécaire,’ c’est tout du monde et le jour des créations
    n’appartient qu’au bon Dieu.

                  Croyez à mes sentiments bien dévouée,

                                  “PAUL LACROIX, bibliophile JACOB.”

    (LE QUÉRARD, II., 462, 1856.)

[4] INDÉPENDANCE BELGE, 3 August, 1856.

[5] The Bibliothèque Impériale at present possesses a keeper of the
same calibre. Being asked one day by Quérard if he had works on “La
Gaellique” and “Le Demotique.” What are those two things?—They are two
languages.—Oh, then we have nothing. Note by Q. in 1854. He does not give
the date of the above book?

[6] To show how hollow was the pretext for this legal robbery, the book
though edited by four persons was not completed till 1857, and then in
VII. vols. the last two subjects promised on the title-page have never
been carried out.

[7] It is amusing for instance to find a translation of GULLIVER’S
TRAVELS catalogued under the Christian name, as if “Lemuel (Gulliver)”
were the author. See LA LITTÉRATURE CONTEMP. V. 80.

[8] For the criticisms on the part by Quérard, see REVUE DE BIB. ANA.
1840, p. 1094; and 1842, p. 994; and Nos. XVII. and XXIV.

[9] L’organe des chartistes, l’Athenæum français a cessé de paraître.
Plan et titre étaient empruntés a un journal littéraire anglais qui
compte un grand nombre d’années d’existence. LE QUÉRARD, II. 530. That is
the Athenæum, and which contains a mass of authentic and useful matter
next to perfectly useless for want of a GENERAL INDEX.

[10] One critic, who rejoiced in the name of Hippolyte Babou, fortunately
gives us some guide to the value of his criticisms. The following
is the order in which M. Hippolyte Babou would give biographical
particulars:—1st, The names, Christian names or pseudonyms of the author.
2nd, A succinct biography, if any: the dates of his death, and birth; the
principal events of his life. L’ATHENÆUM FRANÇAIS, 1854; 666.

[11] The insane prejudice against Mr. Panizzi, because he was of Italian
birth, which was exhibited some years ago by a number of grossly ignorant
detractors, will no doubt be recollected. For ourselves, though we
have not the honor of knowing him, we consider Mr. Panizzi a patriotic
Englishman, and whether he is or not proud of England, England ought to
be proud of him.

[12] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE, I. 142-431. 1845. This article of M.
Guichard is reprinted in No. XXIV.

[13] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE, I. 357. 1845.

[14] In the preface the following observations occur:—The English who
have so many special bibliographers, have not one who has occupied
himself with anonyms and pseudonyms; we will not say universal, but not
even of their own nation. Watt does not cite any in his BIBLIOTHECA
BRITANNICA. M. Philarète Chasles, one of those French writers who has
been greatly instrumental in introducing foreign literature to us, has
recently traced out a most exhaustive plan for English literature,
similar to that which other civilized nations already possess. The REVUE
DES DEUX MONDES, (Series 5, VI. 757, 1844) contains an excellent article
from his pen, which begins thus:—“In the whole history of literature,
there is not a more fantastical group of whimsicalities than that of
the English pseudonyms which abound between 1688 and 1800; nor is there
any subject so new and unexplored, and yet so little explained. It was
at that time some hundreds of writers, amongst whom I shall only take
certain notabilities, deliberately renounced the lustre of their own
names, and sacrificed their vanity to their interest or passion. If
they concealed their names and disguised their hand it was to carry out
their work better: one wishes to destroy an ancient reputation which is
in his way; another wants to popularise sentiments which he considers
useful; others to glorify the national vanity; the greater part to
make their fortunes. There are the innocent and honest, as De Foe; the
violent and imprudent, like Chatterton; the foolish, like Ireland; the
unskilful and the calumniators, like Landor; and lastly, the expert, the
Scotchman Macpherson, who deceived an entire generation of Europe and
America.” Burke’s “imitation” of Bolingbroke may amongst numerous others
be mentioned. It would perhaps be difficult to find a better example of
the necessity there is for a good English bibliographical work, like
LA FRANCE LITTÉRAIRE, than the information Bohn’s LOWNDES gives about
Burke’s writings. The “imitation” is not even mentioned, and in the life,
by Prior, there is scarcely a scrap of bibliographical information.
Generally, we concur in Mr. Hazlett’s very severe condemnation of
Lowndes, though it must not be forgotten it is the only one we have. Mr.
H. while professing not to be critical, in reality “damns the book.”
“It may have been a well-meant scheme.” HAND-BOOK TO EARLY ENGLISH
LITERATURE, 1867, p. VI.

A masterly article upon Burke will be found in ALLIBONE’S CRITICAL DICT.
OF ENG. LIT. 1859. This is without doubt one of the most extensive and
boldest literary enterprises of the day, entirely executed by one man. It
does not contain much bibliographical matter, as the plan precluded it.

As Dr. Petzholdt remarks:—“Enthält zwar eine grosse Masse litterarischer
Materialien, die aber mit allzu grosser Oekonomie zusammengetragen sind,
als dass sie für bibliographische Zwecke sonderlichen Nutzen haben.”
BIBLIOTHECA BIBLIOGRAPHICA, p. 419.

“And the judgment of the learned upon English authors” is no longer a
desideratum. Bolton Corney, CURIOSITIES OF LIT. ILLUSTRATED.

[15] We can assure our readers that this Old Nick is no relation of the
Gentleman so often mentioned in England.

[16] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE, II. 78, 1845.

[17] See La L. F. C. of Bourquelot, IV., 104.

[18] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE, III. 400, 1846.

[19] B. du B. B. III. 400. 1846.

[20] Years ago we were informed that Mr. Glover, Her Majesty’s Librarian,
had a large collection for a work on anonymous and pseudonymous writers
of England QUAR. REV. LXXII., 8.

[21] What would the writer in the Athenæum (1849) have said if he had
been told at the time, when he was ridiculing the “500” volumes the
catalogue was to be in, that it would ultimately be three times that
number!

[22] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE IV; 222; 1846.

[23] B. DU B. B. IV. 444. 1847.

[24] B. DU B. B. VI. 149-419. 1849.

[25] L’INDÉPENDANCE BELGE. 3 August 1856.

[26] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE, III.; 401.

[27] The following is the title of the first part:—

Les Auteurs Apocryphes supposés déguisés plagiaires et les éditeurs
infidèles de la littérature française pendant les quatre derniers siècles
ensemble les industriels littéraires et les lettrés qui se sont enoblés à
notre époque. Par J.-M. Q. auteur de L. F. L., 1ʳᵉ livre Paris l’Éditeur
1846; pp. 80.

[28] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE, IV., 66. 1847.

[29] This is erroneous, Quérard declares that he alone was the author,
and the chief assistance he had was from the catalogues of the dramatic
agents.

[30] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE, IV.; 206.

[31] IBID, IV.; 352.

[32] IBID, IV.; 434.

[33] IBID, VII.; 398. 1850.

[34] IBID, VII.; 160. 1851.

[35] SUPERCHERIES, I. 484, 511.

[36] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE, XX, 141. 1864.

[37] In NOTES AND QUERIES, may it live long and prosperous, some very
ridiculous signatures have been from time to time adopted. One gentleman
indulges in the following:—“Thinks I to myself,” to the great discomfort
of all autonyms. A table of pseudonyms, and the real names of the
writers in this useful little journal, would be more than curious and
interesting; it would make many notes authoritative. We wish the editor
could be encouraged to reveal the pseudonyms, if only of the first and
second series.

[38] Preface, LES ÉCRIVAINS PSEUD.

[39] BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE VI.; 354.

[40] IBID, V.; 132.

[41] B. DU B. B. XX.; 198.

[42] Le Quérard in announcing the MEMOIRS OF LIBRAIRES, by Edward
Edwards, of the BRITISH MUSEUM, DECLARES THAT THE AUTHOR WROTE DIE
MASKIRTE LITERATUR DER ALTEREN UND NEUREN. LEIPZIG; 1856; imp. 8ᵛᵒ; von
EMIL WELLER, and that Emil Weller is Mr. Edward Edwards’ pseudonym. We
can scarcely credit this, seeing the number of works Dr. Petzholdt[A]
ascribes to the former, and the latter’s constant literary occupations
at home. If the above is right, we may compliment Mr. Edwards upon his
German, and Herr Weller upon his correct English titles and familiarity
with our Institutions. We beg respectfully to suggest to Mr. Edwards,
NOTES AND QUERIES, as a medium for contradicting this, if it is not a
fact. We are glad of an opportunity of thanking him for the information
we have derived from many of his works, and particularly his MEMOIRS OF
LIBRARIES.

[A] Bibliotheca Bibliographica, Kritisches Verzeichniss der das
Gesammtgebiet der Bibliographie Betreffenden Litteratur des in- und
auslandes in systematischer ordnung bearbeitet von Dr. Julius Petzholdt.
Mit alphabetischem namen- und Sachregister. Leipzig. Verlag von Wilhelm
Engelmann. 1866; 8ᵛᵒ; xii. 939.

[43] In announcing the death of this gentleman, Quérard writes:—

“M. Fortoul était très affable et rempli de bienveillance. Nous en citons
une preuve entre mille.

Un soir des premiers jours d’Octobre de l’année dernière (1855), un
pauvre solliciteur revenait de l’hôtel du ministre de l’instruction
publique; il était très satisfait!!! Il sortait d’une audience qui lui
avait été accordée, et dans laquelle le ministère avait été pour lui
d’une extrême bonté, quoique le personnage très intimidé de se trouver
dans un cabinet ministériel fût bien décontenancé, et ait dû paraître
passablement gauche au ministre. Mais M. Fortoul connaissait les ouvrages
du rude travailleur qui se trouvait en sa présence, et sa franchise lui
plut; aussi l’accueillit-il mieux qu’un homme à jactance et à prestance
assurées.

Ce solliciteur était l’auteur de LA FRANCE LITTÉRAIRE. M. Fortoul lui
promit de le dédommager de l’indifférence de ses prédécesseurs, sauf
de M. Guizot, en 1830. L’occasion ne s’est pas présentée de tenir la
promesse qu’il avait faite au bibliographe; mais il s’en rappellera dans
le monde meilleur pour lequel il est parti, et la bibliographie sera
relevée un jour en notre personne par une place de bibliothécaire—chez le
Père éternel.” LE QUÉRARD, II., 446.

[44] Nothing could be more apposite to his position than Mathias’
remarks:—“The want of discretion and prudence has ruined more men of
learning and of genius than the time would allow me to mention. Without
this sobriety of intellect, nothing is strong, nothing is great....
The world will but smile at such scholars; and ministers when called
upon to promote them, will tell you, not without reason, that “THEY
ARE NOT PRODUCIBLE.” Those who in confidence of superior capacities or
attainments, DISREGARD THE COMMON MAXIMS OF LIFE, shall be reminded that
nothing will supply the want of prudence.” PURSUITS OF LITERATURE, 1812;
4ᵗᵒ; 366.

The numerous and copious notes in this work remind us that we should
apologise for our own. But it seems some cannot write without them, and
others, a very small minority indeed, with them. It has been said that
notes to a book show want of thought, but surely this could not be a
reproach to the one we have just quoted. The young German students we
are told rush into print and oceans of notes directly their college life
is over. (ROGERS. VANITY AND GLORY OF LIT.) Struvinus says that lawyers
are especially apt to give too many notes. We do not think this aptitude
confined to them. Mr. Bolton Corney, in 30 pages, has 110 notes. (See his
excellent critique on THE NEW GENERAL BIOGRAPHICAL DICT. 1839. 8ᵛᵒ; 35.)
Basil Montagu’s notes sometimes rival the size of his work. George Ensor,
in the INDEPENDENT MAN, has 1000; and Buckle, in his INTRODUCTION, has
10,000. What would become of Dibdin deprived of his notes!

[45] To the honor of America several names of Philadelphians appear. And
to America the mother country was content to leave that honor, for not
a single English name of note appears but those of Antonio Panizzi, J.
Winter Jones and Thomas Watts.

[46] PETZHOLDT. BIBLIOTHECA BIBLIOGRAPHICA, p. 106.

[47] CHERBULIEZ in the REVUE CRITIQUE, 1863.

[48] Joel Cherbuliez “Revue Critique,” 1863. B. DU B. B., XIX., 213, 417.
See also M. de Stacy, “Journal des Débats,” July 12, 1855, p. 3.

[49] The consequence of this criticism was to obtain for Guichard, though
a celebrated and talented author, only a single line in the foot notes of
the 5th edition of Brunet’s Manuel. For critique see B. DU B. B., XIX.,
214, 1863.

[50] See also B. DU B. B., XX., 141, 1864.

[51] M. Aug. Scheler, bibliothécaire de S. M. le roi des Belges in the
BULLETIN DU BIBLIOPHILE BELGE, 1856, p. 302.

[52] His Ex. M. Modeste de Korf, letter to Quérard, 1856.

[53] That this should be so is a reproach to the education of Englishmen;
and yet so it is, and always has been. Important as is the science of
books, there is not a man that can be pointed out who, after having
devoted a life-time to its study, has been adequately rewarded. Let us
simply take as an instance the last man who has been disappointed, who
intended, no doubt, to contribute to English bibliography what should
prove a useful literary addition, instead of which it is a useful
commercial manual. He complains as each part of his work appears:—

“The labour required to make anything like a perfect Manual of
Bibliography, is, both physically and mentally, far beyond what would
be conceived by those who have not engaged in such duties, while the
requital of even a successful achievement would be below what might be
derived from the most ordinary pursuit.”

He then cites Dr. Watt, and “Lowndes, after years of unwearied exertion,
died in distress.” (Part II.)

“The book does not pay at its present price.” (Part IV.) “Bibliographical
knowledge alone is not sufficient for producing a satisfactory manual—it
requires unremitting industry and perseverance.” (Appendix.)

But what would he have said if he had executed his work thoroughly,
devoted twenty years to its compilation, aided scarcely by a single
hand, instead of by numerous coadjutors? We candidly confess that we are
disappointed in the new edition of Lowndes. What unveiling of pseudonyms,
what anonymous books ascribed or given authoritatively to their real
authors had we not a right to expect from one who had been all his life
among books and literary men? And yet we ought to thank Mr. Bohn if only
for making Lowndes cheaper.

[54] We believe the old notion that a bibliographer must know everything
it is possible to know has long since exploded. It was a very popular
thing for the early writers in any science to give a list of the
qualifications a man required to follow it. They generally were so
numerous that to have attempted to study the science according to their
plan would have been madness. Peignot in his MANUEL DU BIBLIOPHILE,
Dijon, 1823, p. lii., says that a bibliographer should have a knowledge
of all sciences. This may be requisite for any one who is attempting
universal bibliography—not for a special bibliograph; if he has a good
education combined with the above qualities, though even in a less degree
than Quérard, he may justly hope for utility and success.




PART II.


It now only remains to record poor Quérard’s death, in torture of body
and mind, in the very midst of his most useful labours, and in his most
active moments. This we shall leave to men who were his personal friends.
Their notices we give entire in the beautiful language of the originals;
we had not sufficient hardihood to spoil them by a translation, so we
give them as a second part, or appendix.


J. M. QUÉRARD.

La science des livres vient de faire une perte qu’on est en droit de
regarder comme irréparable; un des bibliographes les plus actifs, les
plus dévoués que l’Europe ait jamais produits, Quérard vient d’être
enlevé par une mort inattendue.

Des voix plus autorisées que la nôtre se sont fait entendre et elles
ont payé un juste tribut de regrets à la mémoire de cet infatigable
travailleur. Qu’il nous soit permis, à nous qui le connaissions depuis
bien des années, de consigner ici quelques impressions personnelles.
La biographie de Quérard sera sans doute écrite plus tard; nous ne
prétendons nullement la raconter aujourd’hui.

Toutes les personnes qui ont l’occasion de s’occuper de livres consultent
sans cesse la _France littéraire_. Ce qu’il a fallu de patience et de
dévouement pour accomplir un pareil labeur, on ne saurait le dire.
Dresser l’inventaire de tout ce qui a été imprimé en langue française
depuis 1700, accompagner de quelques détails les ouvrages importants,
il y avait dans une pareille entreprise motif d’épouvante pour les plus
intrépides Bénédictins. Quérard, seul, en vint à bout; dix volumes
compactes, à deux colonnes, furent achevés en quinze ans; mais à peine
avait-il écrit la dernière page de cet immense répertoire, qu’il le
continuait sur un autre plan plus vaste encore. La _Littérature française
contemporaine_, commencée en 1840, passée ensuite dans d’autres mains,
n’a pu tenir ce qu’elle promettait. Renonçant à ce labeur, Quérard ajouta
successivement à la _France littéraire_ trois volumes d’additions et
de corrections qui, entrepris en 1854, n’ont pu arriver à la fin de
l’alphabet; la mort l’a frappé lorsque des épreuves attendaient encore le
bon à tirer.

Nous devons en convenir, l’ardent bibliographe s’était fait illusion sur
ses forces; il s’était tracé un cadre que nulle vie humaine n’aurait été
assez longue pour remplir. Les détails biographiques surabondaient sous
sa plume; il reproduisait de longs extraits de journaux relatifs aux
hommes et aux livres. Tout cela était utile, agréable pour les lecteurs,
qui retrouvaient ainsi des morceaux piquants qu’ils auraient eu parfois
beaucoup de peine à découvrir; mais la _France littéraire_ acquérait une
extension qui la condamnait forcément à demeurer inachevée.

Un sujet parfois délicat, mais fort piquant, très-instructif, fut abordé
dans les _Supercheries littéraires_ (1845-53, 5 vol. in-8); l’auteur
voulut restituer chaque ouvrage anonyme ou pseudonyme à son véritable
auteur; il prétendit également faire tomber ces masques si bigarrés dont
s’affublent des écrivains qui métamorphosent leurs noms véritables et qui
se décernent très-souvent des titres de noblesse parfaitement apocryphes.
Il y avait là bien des révélations indiscrètes; bien des susceptibilités
furent blessées; mais la curiosité des lecteurs y trouva son compte. Les
_Supercheries littéraires_ sont de tous les ouvrages de Quérard celui qui
s’est le plus rapidement écoulé.

Une édition nouvelle et forte augmentée était entreprise; malheureusement
il n’a paru que la première livraison. On assure que tous les matériaux
de ce livre sont réunis et classés de façon qu’il serait facile d’en
achever la publication. Tous les bibliophiles, tous les amis de l’étude
doivent faire des vœux pour qu’un éditeur intelligent et zélé se charge
de placer sous les yeux du public cette œuvre à laquelle le meilleur
accueil est réservé d’avance.

On serait dans une complète erreur si l’on croyait pouvoir apprécier
l’activité de M. Quérard d’après les publications qu’il a fait paraître.
Quelque étendues qu’elles soient, elles ne constituent qu’une faible
partie de ce qu’il avait écrit; sa main n’avait pas de repos, sa tête ne
connaissait pas de relâche; le mot impossible n’existait point pour lui.

Il caressait le projet de l’_Encyclopédie du bibliothécaire_, répertoire
très-étendu, trop développé peut-être, dont il fit paraître le prospectus
il y a une dizaine d’années, et qui devait devenir le _Manuel du
travailleur_; il préparait une bibliographie complète des _Ana_; il
voulait continuer la série des monographies bibliographiques qu’il
avait ouverte par ses excellents travaux sur Voltaire et sur Lamennais;
George Sand, le comte de Maistre, Victor Hugo, d’autres personnages
célèbres devaient tour à tour figurer dans cette galerie. La suite de la
_France littéraire_ contient, en ce genre, une bibliographie relative
à Robespierre qui ne laisse rien à désirer. Une autre, qui concerne
Marie-Antoinette, se trouve aujourd’hui incomplète, mais elle renferme
d’excellents matériaux.[55]

La vie de Quérard, il faut le reconnaître, ne fut pas toujours prospère;
il n’avait pas de fortune, et les travaux bibliographiques ne conduisent
pas à la richesse. Il eut des procès avec des éditeurs, des querelles
avec d’autres savants. Son humeur était assez belliqueuse, et la
polémique avait des charmes pour lui. Il éprouva des accès d’humeur et
de dépit; il se crut parfois victime de torts qu’il s’exagérait, des
inimitiés que se créait son imagination. Il laissa trop souvent ses
écrits devenir les organes de ses rancunes. Divers personnages, plus ou
moins en renom, sont assez maltraités sous sa plume, et l’on prétend
que le manuscrit qu’il destinait à l’impression était encore bien plus
accentué, mais que les imprimeurs exigeaient des modifications et des
suppressions. L’auteur se dédommageait dans ses conversations, où il
laissait courir sa verve malicieuse, soutenue par une connaissance intime
des hommes et des faits de la littérature contemporaine.

Ces critiques, souvent acerbes, et parfois sans doute dénuées de base
réelle, avaient procuré à Quérard bien des inimitiés; il ne s’en
affligeait pas, mais il se trouva exclu des faveurs de l’administration.
Personne mieux que lui n’était désigné pour entrer dans une de ces
bibliothèques où l’on a des loisirs. C’eût été, comme disent les Anglais:
_The right man in the right place_; il n’obtint rien, fut laissé à
l’écart, et peu de mois avant sa mort, une décoration seule vint lui
prouver que ses longs et rudes travaux avaient enfin attiré l’attention
d’un des ministres de l’instruction publique.

Quérard est mort comme il avait vécu, pauvre, mais indépendant, sachant
se contenter de peu, n’existant que pour et par les livres. Une autre
fois, nous pourrons chercher à dresser la liste de ses travaux trop
souvent restés inachevés, l’auteur les interrompant pour les recommencer
ou pour les continuer d’après de nouvelles idées. C’est ainsi que le
_Dictionnaire des auteurs déguisés_, entrepris en 1845,[56] fit place
au _Dictionnaire des auteurs anonymes et pseudonymes_ qui en est resté
au mot _Almanach_, et qui, à partir de 1854, a reparu sous une forme
différente, arrivant au public par livraisons que séparaient de longs
intervalles et qui restent interrompues. Une publication périodique, à
laquelle il avait donné son nom, le _Quérard, Archives littéraires_,[57]
n’a vécu que deux ans. D’autres périodiques vécurent moins encore,
et nous laissons de côté divers opuscules qui ne furent pas toujours
dictés par le sentiment du pardon des injures, injures quelquefois fort
exagérées.

Nous ne croyons pas qu’on revoie de bien longtemps un bibliographe de la
trempe de Quérard; ce dévouement exclusif, absolu à la connaissance des
livres, cet amour de la science pour la science, sont des qualités qui
ne se montrent qu’à de bien rares intervalles; il faut avoir foi dans la
bibliographie, se résigner d’avance au martyre, et cette perspective ne
séduit presque personne. Ce que nous pouvons du moins affirmer, c’est
que les livres de Quérard, étant du nombre de ceux qu’on n’est pas tenté
de refaire, deviendront de plus en plus recherchés, qu’ils resteront les
témoignages les plus précieux, les plus irrécusables de la véritable
histoire littéraire de la France pendant une période longue et brillante,
et que les amis des bonnes et solides études prononceront toujours avec
sympathie le nom d’un homme qui ne connut jamais d’autre loisir qu’un
travail incessant et opiniâtre.

                                                                G. BRUNET.

       *       *       *       *       *

Quelques amis accompagnaient samedi [2 Déc. 1865] à sa dernière demeure
le corps de J.-M. Quérard, enlevé soudainement à sa famille et aux
lettres dans le cours de sa soixante-huitième année. Homme modeste autant
que savant distingué, l’auteur de _la France littéraire_ avait su gagner
pour son nom une gloire méritée; il n’avait pas su conquérir en même
temps la fortune et l’indépendance. Il s’était fait du travail qu’il
s’était choisi un devoir, et ne lui demandait que la satisfaction que
donne le devoir strictement accompli. Depuis le jour où, modeste commis
libraire en Allemagne, il avait jeté les premières assises du monument
bibliographique que son plus grand désir était de compléter et de rendre
plus digne encore de sa critique exigeante, il n’avait cessé d’entasser
les matériaux les mieux choisis et les plus variés en même temps que les
plus exacts. La mort l’a surpris corrigeant les dernières feuilles de
l’Introduction de la nouvelle édition de ses _Supercheries littéraires_,
trompant ainsi le plus cher de ses vœux, celui qu’il émettait devant
nous il y a peu de jours encore: faire de cette seconde édition une
œuvre achevée, et surtout y confesser ingénument, en les rectifiant, les
erreurs de la première. Ses désirs s’étendaient plus loin encore; on
dirait qu’ils ne sont jamais plus vifs chez l’homme que lorsque vient le
moment où il ne pourra plus les accomplir. Il rêvait une _Encyclopédie
du bibliothécaire_, dont il laisse les matériaux à sa veuve pour tout
héritage. Sous le titre de _Greffes et Glanes_, il comptait compléter
le _Dictionnaire des contemporains_. Tout cela n’était pour lui que le
besoin de chercher la vérité et de la dire. Il l’aimait trop, il la
disait trop crûment peut-être. Il en a été bien cruellement puni par une
sorte de silence qui se faisait autour de ses œuvres, et qui trompait le
public sur leur véritable valeur.

Ceux que l’amour des livres rapprochait de lui savaient seuls ce qu’il
valait, et c’est à eux qu’il a dû d’obtenir, il y a quelques mois à
peine, une distinction qu’il avait moins souhaitée qu’il ne la méritait,
et qu’il ne s’est décidé à solliciter que pressé par le ministre même
qui devait la lui accorder. Ramené à confiance par cet acte de tardive
justice, il reprenait avec une nouvelle ardeur ses travaux interrompus
lorsque la mort est venue, mort cruelle accompagnée de souffrances
terribles. Il l’a subie avec courage, c’est à nous de la déplorer. Il
aura eu à peine, après quarante ans de dévouement à la science, quelques
jours embellis par le mirage trompeur de l’espérance; ç’a été assez pour
qu’il ne nous dit plus, dans ces derniers temps, avec la même amertume,
ce mot qu’il nous répétait souvent: “Si la bibliographie n’est pas un
métier de sot, c’est à coup sûr un sot métier.”

M. Paul Lacroix a payé sur la tombe de Joseph-Marie Quérard le juste
tribut d’éloges qui était dû à sa mémoire. Ne resterait-il pas à ses amis
quelques chose à faire pour qu’une sépulture digne de lui et des services
qu’il a rendus à tous lui soit élevée?

                                                               J. ASSEZAT.

(_Journal des Débats_, 5 déc., 1865.)

       *       *       *       *       *

Voici le discours de M. Paul Lacroix:

Messieurs,

Ne nous séparons pas sans dire un dernier adieu à notre ami, à notre
émule, à notre modèle, à notre admirable bibliographe Joseph-Marie
Quérard.

Il était né bibliographe, il a vécu, il est mort bibliographe, sans
avoir eu jamais d’autre passion, d’autre but, d’autre avenir, dans son
existence érudite et laborieuse, que contribuer le plus et le mieux
possible, pour sa part, aux progrès de la bibliographie française. Parler
de ses nombreux ouvrages, les apprécier, en faire l’éloge, c’est raconter
sa vie.

_La France littéraire_, ce beau livre, ce livre si utile, si
indispensable à ceux de nous qui s’occupent d’histoire littéraire, ce
livre presque excellent, malgré quelques erreurs, quelques imperfections,
qui, on peut le dire, étaient inévitables dans un ouvrages de ce genre,
restera comme un monument de cette bibliographie française à laquelle
Quérard s’était consacré corps et âme, avec toute l’ardeur d’un goût
exclusif et d’un dévouement sans bornes. Je ne crains pas de dire que
cet ouvrage serait devenu un chef-d’œuvre, en passant par plusieurs
éditions où il se fût successivement complété et perfectionné. Tel qu’il
est, nous pouvons l’opposer avec avantage aux meilleurs compilations
bibliographiques publiées à l’étranger, et surtout dans cette savante
Allemagne où Quérard avait appris en quelque sorte le métier de
bibliographe.

La bibliographie, cette science magnifique que devrait être
l’introduction magistrale de toutes les sciences, et qui n’a pourtant
pas, comme celles-ci, des chaires à elle, des professeurs spéciaux, des
places et des pensions attribuées à ses modestes et fidèles adeptes (je
parle ici du passé, car le ministre actuel de l’instruction publique
se prépare, dit-on, à réparer une vieille injustice à l’égard des
bibliographes), la bibliographie n’a jamais fait la fortune de personne,
et notre pauvre ami Quérard n’a que trop constaté, pour son propre
compte, qu’elle ne conduisait pas même les plus dignes à un simple emploi
de bibliothécaire.

Les bibliothèques publiques en France, à aucune époque, n’ont été
un champ clos ouvert aux preux de la bibliographie. Gabriel Martin,
l’illustre libraire de Paris, qui a toujours eu et qui a encore de si
habiles, de si consciencieux imitateurs; Gabriel Martin, qui a créé
chez nous l’art de rédiger des catalogues de livres, et qui possédait
a fond la science du bibliographe, s’est vu constamment éloigné de la
Bibliothèque du roi, où il y avait alors cependant des bibliographes,
les abbés Sallier, Boudot, Capperonnier, etc., capables de comprendre la
valeur de ses travaux. Eh bien! Quérard n’a pas été plus heureux à cet
égard que Gabriel Martin.

Il a donc fallu que ce bibliographe incorrigible demandât sa vie à
un labeur assidu, permanent, inépuisable. Pendant quarante ans, il a
fait de la bibliographie, à l’example de notre brave ami M. Merlin, le
savant rédacteur du catalogue de la Bibliothèque de Silvestre de Sacy
et d’une foule d’autres bons catalogues, à l’example de notre maître
à tous, l’auteur du _Dictionnaire des Anonymes et des Pseudonymes_,
Antoine-Alexandre Barbier, à l’exemple du maître des maîtres, le
vénérable auteur du _Manuel du Libraire_, qu’on peut appeler à juste
titre le chef-d’œuvre des chefs-d’œuvre bibliographiques. Le champ de la
bibliographie est si vaste, si incommensurable, que c’est déjà beaucoup
d’en défricher un petit coin.

Quérard avait choisi pour son domaine de prédilection l’étude
bibliographique des œuvres de la littérature moderne, et nous aimons à
reconnaître, que, dans cette partie de la bibliographie, il n’avait pas
de rival.

Il était aussi biographe, et, le dirai-je, s’il avait obéi à ses
instincts et suivi sa vocation, il eût été exclusivement biographe. Il
ne se bornait pas à décrire et à classer les livres; il voulait classer
et juger les hommes, j’entends les hommes de lettres, les écrivants, les
savants. Il se préoccupait avant tout de cette exactitude rigoureuse et
mathématique, pour ainsi dire, dans les faits, dans les dates, dans les
noms, sans laquelle la biographie n’est qu’un portrait, un panégyrique,
une satire. Il pensait d’ailleurs que la biographie était inséparable
de la bibliographie, quand il avait à écrire une notice sur un de nos
contemporains obscurs ou célèbres. De là ses _Supercheries littéraires
dévoilées_, qui ne sont, dans la première édition, qu’une revue curieuse
et piquante des grands et petits mystères de la littérature ancienne et
moderne et qui, dans la seconde édition, allaient devenir un immense et
nouveau _Dictionnaire des Pseudonymes_, riche en révélations imprévues,
en particularités singulières, en indications utiles et vraiment
précieuses.

La mort est venue, comme toujours, arrêter l’œuvre commencée. Quérard a
succombé à la fatigue de ses longs et pénibles travaux; il a succombé
peu de temps après avoir obtenu, bien tardivement, hélas! une récompense
honorifique qu’il avait méritée depuis tant d’années; il a eu, en sortant
de la lutte, comme un athlète épuisé, mais non vaincu, le regret de ne
pouvoir achever ce qu’il avait entrepris, de laisser là, au début, la
seconde édition de ses _Supercheries littéraires dévoilées_, et d’avoir
la douloureuse certitude que personne, après lui, ne se sentira le
courage de continuer et de terminer son œuvre. Cette triste pensée, qui
a dû le tourmenter à l’heure de la mort, avait été précédée de longue
date par une déception non moins vive et non moins cruelle, qui avait
mis un amer chagrin au fond de son cœur, quand il s’était vu forcé de
renoncer à son rêve favori, à cette _Encyclopédie du bibliothécaire_ dont
les innombrables matériaux dorment accumulés dans ses cartons.

Il nous a du moins légué ses ouvrages, qui renferment des trésors de
recherches et de documents; il nous a légué aussi son souvenir, celui
d’un bibliographe actif, ingénieux, infatigable; celui d’un biographe
minutieux, patient, intrépide; celui d’un homme de cœur, d’un homme
de conviction, d’un honnête homme, d’un excellent homme. _Bulletin du
Bouquiniste, 15 Déc., 1865. Paris: Aubry, 1865; 8ᵛᵒ; p. 655 et seq._

       *       *       *       *       *

A name as familiar to the lovers of literature in England as in France.
With regard to the extent and utility of his biographic and bibliographic
productions, I can scarcely point out his compeer; and it grieves me to
reflect that so devoted a prompter to writers of all classes should leave
the world with no other consolation than the certainty of future fame!
BOLTON CORNEY in _Notes and Queries, 3rd S., VIII., 517_.


FOOTNOTES:

[55] “Les monographies insérées par moi dans mes divers ouvrages sont
celles de: CORDAY (Charl.), le Q. II, p. 440;—DUMAS (Alex.) Sup.
1;—FALLOUX (Le vicomte de), le Q. II, p. 241;—GŒTHE, IBID., II, p.
164; GUIZOT (La famille), IBID., II, p. 608;—INSTITUT (L’), IBID., II,
317;—LAMENNAISE, (l’abbé de), Sup., t. III;—LOUIS XVII (les faux),
IBID., t. III;—MARAT, le Q. II, p. 489;—MARGUERITE D’AUTRICHE, IBID.,
II, p. 163;—MARIE-ANTOINETTE (la reine), IBID., II, p. 401;—RICHELIEU
(le card. et le mar.), Fr. litt. XII;—ROBESPIERRE (les), IBID.,
XII;—ROUMANIE (la), Moldavie, Valachie et Transylvanie (ancienne Dacie),
la Servie, Montenegro et Bosnie, le Q. II, p. 567;—ROUSSEAU (J. J.), Fr.
litt., VIII, 179;—SAND (G.), Sup. IV;—STAEL Holstein (les), le Q., II,
506;—THOMAS À KEMPIS, Sup. IV, 481. Nomenclature de quatre-vingt-onze
ouvrages sur la question de l’auteur de l’imitation de J.-C.;—VOLTAIRE,
Fr. litt., X. Parmi beaucoup d’autre monographies disposées pour
l’impression, je citerai celles de ABAILARD, ABD-EL-KADER, ANAS ET LEURS
SIMILAIRES (les), ARTISANS POÈTES (les), BONALD (les de), MAISTRE (les
de), etc., etc.” See a note by Quérard in DE LA BIB. GEN., (XXVIII,) p.
22.

[56-57] This title is incorrectly quoted. See No. (X.) The writer must
have taken it from his namesake’s (J.-C. Brunet) MANUEL.




A LIST OF TECHNICAL BIBLIOGRAPHICAL TERMS, AFTER PIERQUIN DE GEMBLOUX.


ADULTERISM.—Name altered or adulterated, as Veyrat (Verat), d’Alembert
(Dalembert), de Foe (Defoe).[1]

ALLONYM (ALLONYMOUS).—False proper name. Work published in order to
deceive, under the name of some author, or person of reputation, but not
by him, as Peter Parley, (Annual).[2]

ALPHABETISM.—As A B C—X Y Z. Frequently used.

ANAGRAM (ANAGRAMMATIC).—The letters of the name or names arbitrarily
inverted,[3] with or without meaning, as d’Erquar (Quérard), de Ravanne
(de Varenne), Riand Jhevey (Jean Divry), Yomns (Simon).

ANANYM.—See Boustrophedon.

ANONYM (ANONYMOUS).—Book without a name on the title-page. Strictly
speaking, a book would not be an anonym if the author’s name were to be
found anywhere in it; but a book is generally considered anonymous if
there is no name on the title-page.

APOCONYM.—Name deprived of one or more initial letters.

APOCRYPHAL.—Book whose author is uncertain.

ARISTONYM.—Title of nobility, converted into or used as a proper name.

ASCETONYM.—The name of a Saint used as a proper name: Saint-Jean, (la
mère Angélique de), (i.e., Angélique d’Arnauld d’Andilly).

ASTERISM.—One or more asterisks or stars used as a name, as S*** ******
****** D.C.L. (Experiences of a Barrister. Lond., 1856).

AUTONYM (AUTONYMOUS).—Book published with the author’s real name.

BOUSTROPHEDON (—YM—ISM).—The real name written backwards, as John Dralloc
(Collard).[4]

CRONOGRAM.—Where the date is expressed by letters. In Lowndes’ BIB.
MAN. 1843, this is improperly spelled “cronogam,” repeated in the last
edition. See Tisdale, R.

CRYPTONYM (CRYPTONYMOUS).—Hidden, subterfuge. Applied to authors who
disguise or alter their names; but more particularly to those who
disguise it by transposing the letters so as to form another name, which
is the anagram of the real name.

DEMONYM.—Popular or ordinary qualification or description taken as a
proper name, as an Amateur, a Bibliophile.

ENIGMATIC-PSEUDONYM.—As (Bibliothèque Bibliophilo-Facétieuse, éditée par)
les frères Gébéodé, (i.e., Gustave Brunet and Octave Delpierre,) thus:
G[ustave,] é b[runet]é, o[ctave,] d[elpierre]e.[5]

GEONYM.—Name of Country, Town, or Village, as an Englishman, (frequently
used) a Londoner, de Gembloux (Pierguin).

HAGIONYM.—The name of a Saint taken as a proper name.

HIERONYM.—Sacred name used as a proper name.

INITIALISM.—Only the initials of the real author, as R. B. (Brathwaite),
T. B. (Brewer).[6] S. E. B. (Sir E. Bridges).

IRONYM.—Ironical name, as Satyricon (Blondet, D.M.)

PHARMACONYM.—The name of a substance or material taken for a proper name,
as Trognon de chou (cabbage-stump), i.e., Barre, dessinateur de Lille.

PHRASEONYM.—A phrase used instead of a proper name, as Ecrlinf (écrasons
l’infâme), a Gentleman of great learning and understanding.

PHRENONYM.—Moral quality taken for a proper name, as John Search
(Archbishop Whately and others have used this phrenonym), Benedick
Whipem,[7] Alethenos (Hardinge Furenzo Ivres).[8] This kind of pseudonym
is very popular, as Justitia, etc., etc.

POLYNYM.—Work by several authors.

PRENONYM.—Name taking the place of the family name.

PSEUDANDRY.—Woman signing a man’s name: as, Bob Short (A. L. Barbauld),
John Search (Miss Austin).

PSEUDO-INITIALISM.—False initials, or not the initials of the author’s
name.

PSEUDOJYN.—Man signing a woman’s name, as Clara Gazul (P. Mérimée), Sarah
Search (F. Nolan).

PSEUDO-TITLONYM.—False quality or title, as a Lincolnshire Grazier (T. H.
Horne).

SCENONYM.—Theatrical name of author or actor, as Edmund Falconer,
(O’Rourke).

SIDERONYM.—Celestial or astronomical name.

STIGMONYM.—Dots instead of name.

SYNCOPISM.—Name deprived of several letters.

TELONISM.—The terminal letters of the real name, as N. S. (John Anstis).

TITLONYM.—Quality or title taken instead of a proper name, as an
Academicien, a Barrister, a Member of Parliament, Saint-Cyran, (l’abbé
de), J. Daverger (de Hauranne, abbé de.)

TRANSLATIONYM.—A translation of the real name, as Books Nabonag, (“Books”
is a translation, and “Nabonag” an anagram; i.e., Le comte Georges Libri
Bagnano.) G. Forrest (Rev. J. G. Wood), Theodore de la Garde (Nathaniel
Ward. See NOTES AND QUERIES, 3 S., xi., 237).


FOOTNOTES:

[1] We have been frequently obliged to give instances of French names,
not that there is a paucity of English ones, but they did not come to
mind. All the French names will be found in the _Supercheries_, where one
or two other words are used besides those given in this list.

[2] A gross imposition; S. G. Goodrich having had nothing to do with
this, and fifty others published under his pseudonym of Peter Parley.

[3] Il est permis de changer une lettre, pourvu que l’anagramme
soit heureuse; car au fond, c’est un pauvre métier. _Namure Man. du
Bibliothécaire. 1834, 8ᵛᵒ; p. 76._

[4] The length of this word—frequently used by Quérard—we think a great
drawback to its adoption, we much prefer “Ananym.” Any name will be
better than a phrase which has hitherto been the only method English
bibliographers have described this kind of pseudonym by.

[5] London, 1852, sm. 8ᵛᵒ; xii, 116, only 60 copies printed for sale.

[6] Both wrote under their initials, a very common practice in earlier
times. Mr. Hazlitt in his _Hand-book_, 1867, does not give cross
references from either of these, perhaps he considered them sufficiently
known.

[7] “New Nobility,” a novel. 1867.

[8] “The Audibleness of Thought Demonstrated, and its use explained.” 2
edit. By Alethinos. Lond.: J. PAUL, 1866. 12mo.




INDEX.


  ABAILARD, a monograph ready for the press, 41

  Abbreviations, few used in this book, 8

  Académie, articles on, 21

  Accuracy, one of chief essentials of bibliography, 38

  Adulterism, 47

  A’KEMPIS, Thomas, 41

  Allemagne, Q. a clerk in Germany, 43, 44

  ALLIBONE S. AUSTIN, his Crit. Dict. of Eng. Lit., a splendid work, 20

  Allonym—ous, 47

  Alphabetism, 47

  Americans, The, good catalographs, 21

  —— —— join in Q. subscription, 33, and Note 45.

  Anagram, 31, 47

  Anagrammes, des, 46

  Ananym, 27

  Anas et leur similaires (les), 41

  ANDRÉ AIMÉ, 15

  Anonyms, Dict. of English, a desiratum, 21

  Anonym, 47

  Anonymes, dictionary of, 45

  Apoconym, 47

  Apocryphal, 47

  ARCET, J.-P.-J., 19

  Aristonym, 47

  AROUET DE VOLTAIRE, 24, 40, 41

  Artisans poètes, les, monograph ready for the press, 41

  Ascetonym, 47

  ASSEZAT, J., 1, 43

  Astéronymes, des, 26

  Astor Library, New York, 33

  Athenæum, The, no general index to, great literary want, (and the
        Athenæum reproached the Edinburgh Review for remissness in not
        keeping up its indexes!), 16

  —— The, 21

  —— (l’) Français, a trade publication, organ of the Chartists, 16

  AUBRY, M. the publisher, 46

  AUDOT, M., 15

  Austria, Q. sent to, 9, 33

  Auteurs apocryphes, les, the title of the first (four) parts of the
        SUPERCHERIES, 24

  —— déguisés, les, a pamphlet by Q., 19
    (Chiefly taken from his notes in the MONITEUR (No. VIII.) &
    the Bibliothécaire (No. IX). He had collected upwards of
    6000 articles for this work. 186 of the articles were first
    published in the REVUE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE.)

  Autonym—ous, 27, 37, 47


  B. DU B. B., an abbreviation for Bulletin du Bibliophile Belge.

  BABOU, H., ignorance of, with regard to biographical arrangement, 17

  BAILLIÈRE, J.-B., 33, 34

  BAJOT, M., notice of, 30

  BALZAC, H., on the family of, 31

  BARBIER, A.-A., the celebrated author of the Dictionnaire des
        anonymes et pseudonymes, 19, 45

  BEAUMARCHAIS, 11

  Belgians, 33

  Bibliograph, indiscretions of an old, 31

  Bibliographical knowledge, 37

  Bibliographical studies, the English too inattentive to, 3

  Bibliographie de la France ou journal général de l’imprimerie et de
        la librairie, a journal or bookseller’s catalogue, published
        under different titles since 1810. (See L. F. L., xi., 285.), 28

  Bibliographie, Générale, de la, a rather caustic pamphlet addressed
        to J.-C. Brunet by Q., 35

  Bibliographie la Mennaisienne, a monograph by Q., 28

  Bibliographie, moderne, 12

  —— its origin, 13

  —— universelle, nouvel manuel de, 29

  Bibliographiques, notice des travaux, de Q., 29

  Bibliography, generally uninteresting, an Exception, 23

  —— impossible to follow it as a profession profitably, 37

  —— technical terms in, 31

  —— will be raised from its present neglected condition, 7

  Bibliologue, le, a journal edited by Q., 14, 18
    (a specimen was issued in 1832.)

  BIBLIOPHILE JACOB (_Pseud._) Lacroix. P., 1

  Bibliophiles, Clubs of English, 31

  Bibliotheca Bibliographica, 20

  —— —— full title, 31

  —— want of an English, 19

  Bibliothécaire, (See Encyclopédie).

  —— le, 19

  Bibliothécaires not Bibliographes, 11

  Bibliothèque du Libraire &c., 12

  —— Impériale, 11

  —— —— none of its librarians subscribed for Q.—very unpatriotic
        and mean, 33

  —— —— publique de Saint-Pétersbourg, 30

  —— Royale, ridiculous blunder in catalogue of, 11

  Bibliothèques, Publiques en France, 44

  BLOCQUEL (Simon), 31

  BOHN, H. G. his new edition of Lowndes, 19, 37

  BOISSONADE M., de l’Institut, 13

  BOLINGBROKE, Lord, 19

  Books, state of, before printing, 31

  BOSSANGE H., printer, 33, 34

  —— —— A few words about, 36

  BOUDOT, l’abbé, 44

  Bouquiniste, Bulletin du, 46

  BOURQUELOT, F., 15

  —— —— blunders of, 16, 29

  —— —— errors of (see Le Quérard l. 268.)

  Boustrophedon, 26, 47
    Q. also uses “Anastrophe.”
    See the _Supercheries_, Nos. [7479] and [7527].

  BOVET, F., 13

  BRIDEL, les, 31

  BRIDGMAN, R. W., on Bibliography, 3

  British Museum, great knowledge possessed by its officers, 10

  British Museum, the library, of the greatest service to the author,
        desire of librarians to help students, 8

  British Museum catalogues, an extraordinary work,—defects,—facility
        of references—the immense number of volumes (altogether about
        2000), 21

  —— —— librarians, subscribed for Q., 33

  BRUNET, G. of Bordeaux, incorrectly quotes the titles of Q’s. works,
        42
    (In this gentleman’s work, entitled: “La France littéraire au XVe
    siècle, ou catalogue raisonné des ouvrages en tout genre, imprimés
    en langue française jusqu’à l’an 1500. Paris, 1865.” A curious
    error occurs. Having occasion to mention “White Knights” the
    seat of the Duke of Marlborough he translates it “Le Chevalier
    blanc” (see preface.)

  —— J.-C., 17, 19

  —— —— his “Manuel”, 22, 42

  —— ——, 29

  —— —— did not join in Q.’s, subscription, the latter alleges from
        spite, 33, 35

  —— —— a short life of, 36.

  BUCKLE, H. Introduction to the Hist. of Civilization in England,
        numerous notes in this great work, 32

  Bulletin du Bibliophile Belge, first published under the direction of
        the Baron de Reiffenberg, at Bruxelles, in 1845; and in 1855,
        under that of A. Scheler, 33

  Bulletin du Bouquiniste, 46

  BURKE, Edmund, his literary deception with regard to Bolingbroke, 19


  CAGLIOSTRO, Joseph Balsamo, dit le comte Alexandre, de Palerme, 24

  CAPITAINE, U., 13

  CAPPERONNIER, l’abbé, 44

  Catalogue, the great, of the British Museum, a splendid work, (see
        British Museum.), 5

  —— of the French dramatic agents, 24

  CATHERINE of Russia, 24

  CHAMBERS, Robert, Biog. of Em.: Scotchmen, 10

  CHANTELAUZE, R., refuted, 34

  CHASLES, P., on English pseudonyms, 19

  CHATTERTON, Thomas, 19

  CHERBULIEZ, Joel, (note 47.), 48

  CHRIST, JESUS, nomenclature of 91 works on the question of the author
        of the imitation of, 41

  Chronological arrangement of titles advocated, 21

  COLOMB, Paul, 18

  Contemporains, Dictionnaire des, 43

  Coquettes, le portraits des, poem par d’Hérouard de Boisserain,
        Londres, 1775, 31

  CORDAY D’ARMONT, Marie-Anne-Charlotte, a monograph, 31, 41

  CORNEY, Bolton, Allibone’s Dict.: supplies a desideratum he pointed
        out, 20

  —— —— his critique on the New Gen. Biog. Dict., by Rose, 32

  —— —— his valuable estimation of Quérard, 46

  COUDRAY, le comte Falloux du, 31, 41

  Covers of the parts of Q.’s works should be preserved in binding, 23

  Cryptonym, 26, 31, 47

  Cryptonymes, des, 26

  Cronogram, 47

  Cross of the Legion of Honor, Quérard applied for, 7, 22, 35

  CURMER, L., 31


  Danes, the, 33

  DAGUIN, F., publisher, 15

  —— —— his defence—bankrupt, 16

  —— —— publisher of la Litt. Française C.—Bankrupt—dispute with Q.,
        27

  —— —— harshness and insolence, 28, 29

  D’ALEMBERT, J. le Rond, 24, 47

  Débats, Journal des, quoted, 43

  DE BONALD, les, 41

  DE COURCHAMP, M., 24

  DE FALLOUX, le vicomte, 31, 41

  DE COURTIÈRE, biblioth., 13

  DEFOE, D., 19, 47

  DELHASSE, F., 13

  DE MAISTRE, le comte, 41

  DE MANNE, E., 34

  —— —— a most careless bibliograph, 35

  Demonym, 47

  Demotique, le, 11

  DENIS F., his “Bibliographie Universelle”, 29

  D’ERQUAR, M.-Jozon, anagram (Quérard.), 1, 47

  —— letter from, in Le Q., 31

  —— writes life of Q., 34

  DE GRAVE, C.-J., 31

  DE SACY, Silvestre, 35, 45

  DE STACY (an error for SACY), 35

  DE STAEL, Madame Anne-Louise-G. Necker, baronne de Stael-Holstein,
        31

  DE VITRY, Aubert, on Voltaire, 15

  DICKENS, C., fautes d’impression (printers’ errors), 31

  Dictionnaire, des auteurs anonymes, &c., 42

  —— des auteurs déguisés, 42

  —— des ouvrages Polyonymes, (Le Quérard II. 41. gives the price of
        the parts at 2 francs 25 cent. each. L. P. copies 4 francs 50
        cent.), 20

  DIDEROT, Denis, 24

  DIDOT, F., 17

  —— Messrs., the celebrated publishers, 33, 34

  DUMAS DAVY, de la Pailleterie (Alexandre) the Elder, long article on
        this celebrated author in the Supercheries, 24, 25, 26

  —— ——, 41
    (See also Le Quérard I. 538. II. 399ⁿ 438.)


  Écrivains pseudonymes, Vol. XI of L. F. L. 13., the preface signed C.
        P., 14, 16, 27, 38

  EDWARDS, Edward, his pseudonym Memoirs of libraries, a laborious and
        very useful compilation, 31

  Encyclopédie, du Bibliothécaire, 7

  —— —— —— importance of, 11

  —— —— —— prospectus, 29

  —— —— —— extracts from, 31, 34, 40, 43, 46

  English bibliophiles, 31

  —— literature, a work like L. F. L. wanted on, one that will
        supply the requirements of students, irrespective of commercial
        interests, 26

  —— name, scarcely one in Q.’s subscription, 33

  —— pseudonyms, 19, 27

  Enigmatic pseudonym, 48

  ENSOR, G., “The Independent Man,” 2 Vols. 1808, 32


  FALCONER, E. (Scenonym) i. e. O’Rourke, 48

  FAUBLAS, adventures of, 31

  FEUILLET, L., 18

  FIORENTINO, Signor. Author of Monte Christo, 25

  FORREST, G. (translationym i.e. Wood.) editor of “Every-Boy’s Book”,
        48

  FORTOUL, Hippolyte, promises Q. a librarianship, but dies, 32

  Fortsas, the catalogue, 31

  FOUDRAS, Marquess of, 20

  France, La, 10

  France Littéraire, La. First published under the title of
        “Bibliographie Moderne,” and when Q. was totally unknown. (To
        his great detriment, the publishers made the first edition
        1600 copies, which have not been sold off in forty years, thus
        rendering a second edition impossible (see No. XXVIII., p.
        17). After the publication of the above first part, so many
        alterations were suggested that Q. cancelled and republished
        it under the title of “La France Littéraire,” (see Biblio. de
        la France—Pillet Ainé—for 1827.) The large paper copies (p.
        13) were not for sale. The parts of the work were published
        quarterly. The 10 vols. sell at 120 francs. Vols. xi. and xii.
        form a sort of index and revision of Quérard’s works, and a
        supplement up to their dates. With the prospectus of vol. xii.
        two pages for substitution were issued in 1857, which also
        contained several pages (4-6) of errors and omissions of L. L.
        F. C. These two vols. sell at 60 francs.)

  France Litt., La, number of authors it contains, 7

  —— —— —— Q.’s great work, tolerable guarantee of capacity, 10, 11

  —— —— —— circulation, 12

  —— —— —— the author of, and Poltoratzky, 17

  —— —— —— English work like it a desideratum, 19

  —— —— —— every literary student obliged to consult it, 39, 40, 42

  —— —— ——, 32

  —— —— —— “a Martyr,” &c. from, 34

  —— —— —— les Robespierre from, 35

  France, on the Academies of, 31

  FROBERVILLE, Eug. de, 13


  Gaellique, la, 11

  GARNEAU, F. X. biography of, 31

  GAULLIER, E. H. A. a Monograph, 34

  GÉBÉODÉ, library of the brothers, (p. 63, Vol. 1 of Le Quérard), 31

  Geonym, as An Englishman. (If a Frenchman were to sign this it would
        be a Pseudo-geonym), 48

  GEORGE, (this is an error for Gregoire) de Tours, 31

  German bibliothecas, 13

  Germans, the, good catalographs, 22

  —— join in Q. subscription, 33

  GLOVER, Mr., his collection for a work on anonyms and pseudonyms, 21

  GŒTHE, J. W. von, 41

  GOODRICH, S. G. (the celebrated American author, see Allibone’s
        critical Dictionary 1859), 47

  Greffes et Glanes, a title Q. intended for a dictionary of
        contemporary writers, 41

  Grenvilliana—the Grenville library, 31

  GRILLE, Fr., 14

  GROSE, N. P., life of by Cadrès, criticised by Q., 34

  GUICHARD, J. M., 19

  —— —— his criticism on Brunet’s Manuel, 35, 36

  GUIZOT, F.-P.-G., la famille, 34

  —— —— monograph, 34, 41
    (Le Quérard 608 not 601.)

  Guizot, M., allows Q. 1000 francs a year, 12, 32

  GULLIVER, Lem., Travels improperly catalogued, 16


  Hagionym, 48

  HALKETT, S., of the Advocate’s Library, Edinburgh, 21

  HAZLITT, W. Carew, Bibliograph and Barrister-at-Law, condemns
        Lowndes’ Bibliographers’ Manuel, in his “Hand-book to the
        popular, poetical, and dramatic Litt. of Great Britain, from
        the invention of printing to the Restoration. 1867. 8ᵛᵒ.”, 20
    (Though the word does not occur on the title-page, this is a most
    accurate bibliographical work, done most conscientiously. The
    author, doubtless, had very good reasons for confining it to
    the dreadful dryness attaching to such works when uncombined
    with biography.)

  Hieronym, 48

  Hugo, V., 41


  Imperial Library, its officers inattentive. Open 10 to 3. Books not
        supplied after ½ past 2, 10

  —— —— inefficient keeper of, 11

  Impostors, the three, 31

  Indépendance, l’, Belge, a newspaper published in Bruxelles, 11

  Ingolstadt, Jesuits of, 31

  Initialism, 48

  Institut, l’, 41

  Ironym, 48

  Italiens, The, 33


  JACOB, (bibliophile) _Pseud._ See Lacroix, P.

  JOHNSON, Dr. Samuel, Q. takes a motto from him, 12

  JONES, J. Winter, 33

  Journal des Débats, 35, 43

  Journal des Savants does not notice Q.’s works, (except once in a
        short article, in Oct., 1834.), 17


  KADER, Abd-el, a monograph ready for the press, 41

  KENNET, White. His “Register and Chronicle,” quoted, 3

  KORFF, le Baron de, 34
    (Letter to Q. mentioned in No. XXVIII.)


  LACROIX, Paul, 1

  —— letter from, sympathising with Q. and promising his support, 11

  ——, 43, 44

  LA MENNAIS, l’abbé de, character, monograph, 28, 40

  LA MENNAIS, 41

  LAMOUREUX J., 14

  LANDOR, this is a misprint for Lauder, 19

  Lapsus calami, slip of the pen, 18

  LAUDER, William, calumniator of Milton, 19

  LELONG, P., Bibliothèque Historique, 20

  LENORMANT, Ch., 18

  LETRONNE, M., 18

  Librarians, and bibliographers, 10

  —— not bibliographs, 11

  —— badly remunerated, 22

  Librarianship, Q. applied for one, 7

  Libraries, memoirs of, or a hand-book of library economy, 2 vols.
        1859, 8ᵛᵒ., by E. Edwards, 31

  —— of London, 31

  —— state of, before printing, 31

  Literary frauds, 19, 23

  —— deceits, a work on English wanted, 26

  Literature, Crit. Dict. of English, 20

  —— Curiosities of, illustrated, 20

  Littérature Française Contemporaine, la, a mercantile speculation,
        16, 17, 27
    (Only the first vol. should bear Quérard’s name, when bound,
    he always repudiated the mass of errors and absurdities which
    the men who continued this work fell into. The first part was
    printed in 1840, but by the tardiness of the publishers it was
    not finished till 1842.)

  —— —— —— —— arbitration about,—Q. loses, and is condemned in costs,
        &c., and to supply the publisher with materials under penalty
        of forfeiting 100 francs a day. The publisher to be at liberty
        to keep Q.’s name to it. (A report of the case will be found in
        _Le Droit_, 27 Sept. 1844), 15

  —— —— —— ——, 39
    (We observe that a French bookseller, O. Lorenz, is publishing a
    “Catalogue Général de la Lib. Franç. pendant 25 ans (1840 à 1865).”
    Paris, 1865; 8ᵛᵒ.)

  LONGPRÉ, Moucherat, de, 30

  LOUANDRE, Ch., 15

  —— blunders of, exposed by Q., 16

  ——, 29

  LOWNDES, W. T., Bibliographer’s Manual more of a commercial than a
        literary work. H. G. Bohn’s new edit. 1857, 37

  LOYER, P. le, 31

  Lyon, la société littéraire, de, 35


  MACPHERSON, J., 19

  MAGNIN, C., 18

  MAIMBOURG, le Père Louis, 31

  MANCEL, George, 14

  MANNE, E. de, 13

  Manuel du Libraire of Brunet, 33

  MARAT, J.-P., 31

  —— le, 41

  MARGUERITE, d’Autriche, 31, 41

  MARIE-ANTOINETTE, d’Autriche, 31, 40, 41

  MARTIN, G., the great catalograph, 44, 45

  Martyr, a, to Bibliography, 33, 34

  Maskirte, literatur die, 31

  MATHIAS, T. J., his remarks upon a want of worldliness applied to Q.,
        32

  MECÆNAS, Q.’s name for S. Poltoratzky, 17

  MÉCÈNE, (pseud.) Poltoratzky, 19

  Mémoires d’un Médecin, Les, 26

  Memoirs of a Young Lady, written by herself; mentioned by Q. though
        he does not give the date, size, &c., 11

  MERCIER, Abbé, 14

  MERLIN, M., editor of the catalogue of Silvestre de Sacy, 45

  MIDAS, the fable of, alluded to, 23

  MONTAGU, Basil, his long notes, 32

  MONTAIGNE, Michael de, 31

  Monte Christo, the novel, 25, 26

  Moscow librarian subscribes for Q., 33

  Mousquetaires, les trois, 26

  Moniteur, the, newspaper, 30

  Moniteur, le, de la Librairie, journal edited by Q., 18

  Monographs, by Q., 14, 28, 30, 34, (Note 55.), 35, 36, 41


  NAMUR, Manuel du Bibliothécaire, 47

  NAUDET, M., 18

  New Nobility, a novel. London. NEWBY, 1867. 8ᵛᵒ., 3 vols., 48

  NISARD, Désiré, 18

  Notes and Queries commended, pseudonyms in, 27, 31, 46

  Notes (foot), some writers very fond of, 32


  OLD NICK, (ironym) Forgues, F. C., 20

  Omissions et bévues of L. L. F. C., 29
    (According to “Le Quérard,” this was published at 2 f. 50 c. Our
    title we believe not to be quite correct. This pamphlet points
    out no less than 788 errors or omissions for the second half of
    the 2nd vol.! There was no necessity for Q. to threaten to kill
    a book like this; it kills itself.)


  P., M. S., (initialism) Monsieur Serge Poltoratzky, Q.’s quarrel
        with, 36

  PANIZZI, Antonio, late the principal librarian of the British Museum,
        this book dedicated to, without permission, 5

  —— —— his evidence on the unfitness of certain men for librarians,
        10

  —— —— meets Q. Praiseworthy effort to retain him for the British
        Museum, 18

  —— —— insane prejudice against him. His efforts to perfect our
        library (note 11), 18

  —— ——, 33

  PANCKOUCKE, article on the writers of this name cancelled In L. F.
        L., and a less severe one inserted, 14
    (Under Panckoucke, Q. reveals the kind of indignities that some
    authors have to encounter. It seems that when he was looking about
    for a publisher for L. F. L., Panckoucke was base enough to offer
    to publish it, but under his own name only. The feelings of Q.,
    who was then a youthful enthusiast, at such a proposition can be
    imagined.)

  Paris, the capital of France, 9

  Parisian booksellers offer support, 17

  PARLEY, Peter, (_pseud._) S. G. Goodrich, English publishers availed
        themselves in the most dishonest manner of the popularity of
        this writer, 47

  P., C., (pseudo-initialism) the preface to vol xi. of La France
        Litt. signed, 14

  PEIGNOT, E. Gabriel, Manuel du bibliophile ou traité du choix des
        livres, his description of qualifications of a bibliograph, 38
    (We might also refer the reader to De Bure’s Bib. Inst. X., p. xiv.)

  Pérou, le Zombi du Grand, 31

  PERQUIN, (Pierquin) C. C. de Gembloux, glossary of technical terms,
        1, 47

  PERRAULT, Ch., his fairy tales, 31

  PETZHOLDT, DR. Julius, on Allibone’s Dict., 20

  —— —— —— his excellent “Bibliotheca Bibliographica,” quoted, 20,
        31, 35

  Pharmaconym, 48

  Philadelphians, many joined in Q.’s subscription, 33

  PHILIPPE, Louis, King, 25

  Philobiblion Society, 31

  PHOTIUS (_pseud._) Quérard, 19

  Phraseonym, 48

  Phrenonym, 48

  Pierquin [Perquin] de Gembloux, 1, 47

  PINÇON, P., 29

  Plagiats Reiffenbergiens, les, dévoilées, 30

  Plaidoyer, the case between Q. and his publishers (XI.), 20

  POLTORATZKY, Serge, 14

  —— —— comes to Q.’s aid, edits “Le Bibliothécaire”, 17

  —— ——, 28

  —— —— notice of, 30

  Polyonymes, 20

  Polynym, 48

  PRAET, Van, disposed to favor Q. character of, 11

  Pseudandry, 48

  Pseudo-initialism, 48

  Pseudojyn, 48
    (This is rather an awkward word, it would be better to coin some
    other we think.)

  Pseudonymes, see Écrivains, les

  ——, dictionary of, and the “Supercheries”, 45

  Pseudonyms, 19

  —— Dict. of, a desideratum, 21

  —— character of, 27

  Pseudo-titlonym, (titonym, an error), 48


  QUÉRARD,—birth,—family education,—placed in trade—goes to Paris and
        Austria, 9

  —— quits Vienna to publish his Biblio. Moderne,—expectations, 10

  —— character of La France Litt.—Van Praet,—“The memoirs,” by
        Herself, 11

  —— letter from Lacroix to Q., 11

  —— applies for librarianship, vulgarity of the
        librarian,—circulation of La France Littéraire,—the
        Congregation of the Index—Berriat Saint Prix gets Q. government
        aid, £40 a year, 12

  —— conceives the idea of La France Litt., 13
    Its character,—early copies should be sought after,—monographs, 14,
        28, 30, 34, 35, 36, 41

  —— arbitration between himself and Daguin, 15

  —— award against him,—is deprived of La Litt. F.
        Contemp.,—afterwards a purely mercantile speculation,—the use
        of his name to the work allowed,—points out errors of, 16
    Little encouragement from the press,—Q.’s Mecænas in
        Poltoratzky,—patronises his publications,—the allowances
        insufficient,—petition to the Minister, 17

  —— petition,—makes an unfortunate error,—meets Mr. Panizzi of the
        British Museum,—fails to get a place there,—the Sydenham
        Society offer one,—refuses, 18

  —— critique on his great work,—his remarks on English pseudonyms,
        19

  —— his intrepid character, 26

  —— writes for the Cross of the Legion of Honor,—refused, 22

  —— obtains it, 45

  —— his talent for discovering and exposing literary frauds, 23
    Article on Dumas, 24, 26
    He refutes A. Vitu,—his friend the Baron de Reiffenberg, 25
    2nd edit. of the _Supercheries_, 26
    should be his own. Neglects his own affairs,—the publisher Daguin,
        27
    The quarrel with, 28
    His project of a bibliographical Encyclopædia, 29

  —— his works. The “Supercheries” stopped for two years,—printers
        tired of him,—establishes “Le Quérard”, 30
    His anagram, 1, 31, 47

  —— petitions again for government aid, which is promised, 32
    A subscription got up,—who subscribed. “The martyr”, 33
    His ire at what he considered the jealousy and malevolence of J.-O.
        Brunet in the last edit. of his “Manuel”, 35
    His unfortunate disagreement with Poltoratzky, 36
    The hopelessness of pursuing bibliography as a lucrative
        profession, 37

  —— his character,—his death, 39, 42

  Quérard, le, a journal which Q. called after his own name, and edited
        for two years, 2 vols., 20 francs, 30


  RAT, le, (pseud. A. Vitu), 25

  Reading Room of the British Museum, the printed rules of the
        catalogue wanted, 21

  REIFFENBERG, le baron de, 14

  —— —— —— —— his literary deceits exposed, 25, 30

  Retouches au nouveau dictionnaire de E. de Manne, by Q., 34

  Rennes, (Ille-et-Vilaine) France, Q.’s birth-place, 9, 22, 29

  Revue bibliographique, a review edited by Q. and Poltoratzky, 14

  Revue Critique, 35

  RICHELIEU, Cardinal, 41

  ROBESPIERRE, les, a monograph, 35, 41

  ROGERS, Henry, Vanity and Glory of Lit. in Edin. Rev., 32

  Roumanie, la, 31

  ROUSSEAU, J. J., 14, 41

  Russians, the, 33


  SAND, G. (pseudandry) Dudevant, 41

  SAINT-ALBIN, v. Q., 31

  SAINT-PRIX, Beriat, 32

  SALLIER, l’abbé, 44

  SALVANDY, M., his letter to Q., 22

  Savants, see Journal des.

  Scenonym, 48

  SCHALBACHER, M., La France Litt. dedicated to, 12

  SCHELER, Aug., 37

  SCOTT, Sir W., 21

  SEBON, Remon, 31

  Servie la, a monograph, 41

  Sideronym, 48

  Silvestre de Sacy, 35, 45

  Spaniards, The, 33

  STAEL-HOLSTEIN, les, 31, 41

  Stigmonym, 48

  Subscription for Q., 31, 33

  —— —— list, 34

  Supercheries, les Litt. Dévoilées, full title, 22
    (This work was published at the expense of M. Poltoratzky, 500
    copies were printed, but only 250 of the last vol. A new edition
    is absolutely required, though the first can never be superseded.
    It was originally announced to be in one vol. only, Parts 9 and
    10 contained the pages to be substituted as follows:—pp. 1-2,
    15-16, 47-48, 91-92, 159-160, 291-292, of vol. i.)

  —— extraordinary character of the work, 23, 28

  —— first (four) parts bore a different title (note 27), 24

  —— second edit. begun by Q. under the title of “Les S. littéraires
        dévoilées, galerie des Écrivains Français,” etc., etc., 26, 43

  ——, 28

  —— additions to, 31

  ——, 40, 43, 45
    (For the word “l’honnête éditeur” referring to Daguin in the
    article “Florus,” p. 82, vol. ii., Q. was fined 30 francs by
    the tribunal at Daguin’s instance. Gustave Brunet has announced
    a supplement in 2 vols. from Q.’s MSS.)

  Sydenham Society wanted Q. to edit their catalogues, 18

  Syncopism, 48


  THACKERAY, W. M., on the length of French novels, 26

  Technical vocabulary of bibliography, 47

  Telonism, 48

  THINKS I TO MYSELF, a phraseonym assumed by a writer in Notes and
        Queries, 27
    (It is by no means original as the following will
    show:—“Thinks-I-to-myself,” a Serio-Ludicro-Tragico-Comico
    tale, written by Thinks-I-to-myself, Who? Lond. 1811. 2 vols.
    12mo.)

  Title-pages given in full, 8

  Titlonym, 48

  Translationym, 48

  Trois Mousquetaires, les, 26


  VILLEMAIN, M., 18

  Vingt ans après, 26

  VITU, A., ou the “Supercheries,” makes numerous errors, 25

  VOLTAIRE, Arouet de, 14, 24, 40, 41


  WATT, Robert, comparison of his life with Quérard’s. Note (1), 10

  —— —— his Bibliotheca Britannica, a most complete work, 14
    (Q. calls it “Un Magnifique travail.” See No. XXVIII. p. 8.)

  —— —— does not cite any pseudonyms, 19

  WATTS, Thomas, keeper of the printed books at the British Museum,
        subscribes for Q., 33, 34

  Waverley, a novel, 21

  WHATELY, R., Archbishop, phrenonym, used by, 48

  WELLER, Emil, his work on German pseudonyms, (is little more than a
        list of names.) His English very correct, 31

  WOHLTHÆTTER, (phrenonym), Poltoratzky, 23

  WOOD, Rev. J. G., 48

  WOLFF, H.-L., 31

  Works of Q., 29
    (And see this index under the title of each work.)

  Writers, on some ridiculous, 31


  ZOMBI du Grand-Pérou, le, 31




TRAVAUX INEDITS DE QUÉRARD _L’Intermédiare_ (III. 585, 665,) a annoncé
que j’avais fait l’acquisition des papiers formant le cabinet du
regrettable Quérard. J’ai l’intention de publier ce qui, dans ces
manuscrits, se trouvera en état d’être livré à l’impression. Je
commencerai par les _Supercheries littéraires dévoilées_. Quérard avait
entrepris une édition nouvelle des cinq volumes publiés de 1845 à
1853; il lui donnait des développements nouveaux si étendus, que le nᵒ
125 de l’ancienne édition correspond au nᵒ 1320 dans la 1ʳᵉ livraison
(la seule qui ait vu le jour) de l’édition nouvelle. Il aurait fallu
douze ou quinze ans, et autant de volumes, pour remplir un pareil
cadre. Je n’entends point réimprimer les cinq volumes déjà connus. Je
donnerai _deux_ volumes d’indications toutes nouvelles, recueillies par
l’infatigable bibliographe avec un zèle et une patience dont il serait
difficile de trouver d’autres exemples.

Permettez-moi de recourir à la publicité étendue dont jouit
_l’Intermédiaire_ pour prier les amis des livres et les personnes
qu’intéresse l’étude de la littérature, de vouloir bien m’adresser (_à
Bordeaux, à la Bourse_) les informations qu’ils possèderaient et qui
se rattachent au sujet traité par Quérard (_Pseudonymes et auteurs
déguisés_). Il sera fait usage de ces renseignements avec la plus sincère
reconnaissance, et les noms de ceux qui les transmettront, seront
indiqués, sauf l’expression d’un désir contraire.

                                                           GUSTAVE BRUNET.

_L’Intermédiare, IV. 214, May, 1867._



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