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Title: Los Amantes de Teruel
Drama en cuatro actos en verso y prosa
Author: Hartzenbusch, Juan Eugenio
Release Date: February 2, 2004 [EBook #10909]
Language: Spanish
Character set encoding: ASCII
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[Ilustracion: _JUAN EUGENIO HARTZENBUSCH_]
Heath's Modern Language Series
LOS AMANTES DE TERUEL
POR
JUAN EUGENIO HARTZENBUSCH
_WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND VOCABULARY_
BY
G.W. UMPHREY, PH.D.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ROMANCE LANGUAGES
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
1920.
PREFACE
The importance of Hartzenbusch in the history of the Spanish drama and
the enduring popularity in Spain of _Los Amantes de Teruel_, his
masterpiece, have assured this play a definite place in the work of
advanced students of Spanish literature in our universities. For such
students the many editions published in Spain and elsewhere have been
perhaps sufficient, but for the much larger number who never reach the
advanced literary classes an annotated edition is needed. That this play
offers excellent material for the work of more elementary courses in the
schools and colleges has long been the opinion of the present editor;
and that it has not already found a place among the Spanish texts
published in this country is difficult to understand. The old legend of
Teruel, the embodiment of pure and constant love, is one that might well
be expected to make a strong appeal to the youth of any country; the
simple and direct presentation given to the legend by Hartzenbusch and
the comparative freedom from textual difficulties, as the result of the
careful revisions of the play by its scholarly author, bring it within
the range of the understanding and appreciation of students who have
studied Spanish one year in college or two years in high school, if it
is put before them in a properly prepared edition.
The editor has kept in mind this class of students in the preparation of
the Introduction, Notes, and Vocabulary. To those who consider the
Introduction disproportionately long, the excuse is given that this will
be the first Romantic play read by many students, and that if they are
to understand it and appreciate its fine literary qualities, they must
be enabled to view it in its proper historical perspective. It is to be
hoped that this edition may serve as a safe approach to the systematic
study, of the Romantic Movement in Spanish literature.
The text of the play is that of the annotated edition of Dr. Adolf
Kressner, Leipsic, 1887 (_Bibliothek Spanischer Schriftsteller_), and is
the same as the one contained in the definitive collection of the plays
of Hartzenbusch, _Teatro_, Madrid, 1888-1892, Vol. I, pages 7-130
(_Coleccion de Escritores Castellanos_).
The indebtedness of the editor to Professor E.C. Hills of Indiana
University for many helpful suggestions is gratefully acknowledged.
G.W. UMPHREY
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, SEATTLE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
INTRODUCTION
I. The Legend
II. Authenticity of the Legend
III. The Legend in Spanish Literature
IV. Life of Hartzenbusch
V. Hartzenbusch's Treatment of the Legend
VI. Romanticism
VII. Romanticism in _Los Amantes_
VIII. Versification
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
TEXT
NOTES
VOCABULARY
INTRODUCTION
#I. The Legend#. Constancy in love has inspired many writers and has
given undying fame to many legends and traditions. Among the famous
lovers that have passed into legend and that stand as the embodiment of
constant love in different ages and in different countries,--Pyramus and
Thisbe, Hero and Leander, Tristam and Isolde, Romeo and Juliet,--are to
be found Marsilla and Isabel. These _Lovers of Teruel_, as constant as
any of the others, are especially notable because of the purity of their
love and because of the absence of violence in their sudden departure
from this life. Disappointed love, desperate grief at separation, was
the only cause of their death.
The old city of Teruel, founded by the Aragonese in the latter half of
the twelfth century at the junction of the Guadalaviar and the Alfambra
as a stronghold in the territory recently recovered from the Moors, was
the fitting scene for the action of the legend.... The pioneer life of
the city, the depth of sentiment and singleness of purpose of its
Aragonese inhabitants, the crusading spirit that carried to victory the
armies of Peter II of Aragon and his more famous son, James the
Conqueror, lend probability to a legend that would ordinarily be
considered highly improbable from the point of view of historical
authenticity. Stripped of the fantastic details that have gathered about
it in the many literary treatments given to it by Spanish writers, the
legend may be briefly told. In Teruel, at the beginning of the
thirteenth century, lived Juan Diego Martinez Garces de Marsilla and
Isabel de Segura. They had loved each other from childhood, but when it
became a question of marriage, Isabel's father opposed the union
because of the young man's lack of material resources and because a
wealthy suitor, Rodrigo de Azagra, had presented himself for the hand of
his daughter. All that the entreaties of the lovers could gain from him
was the promise that if Marsilla went to the wars, gained fame and
riches, and returned before a certain day, he would receive Isabel in
marriage. This Marsilla did; but unfortunately he was unable to return
until just after the expiration of the time set. When he reached Teruel,
he found Isabel married to the wealthy rival. Disappointed in their
hopes after so many years of constant love and continual struggle
against adversity, Marsilla died of grief, and Isabel soon followed him;
separated in life by cruel fate, they were united in death. Buried in
the same tomb, they were later disinterred, and their mummified remains
may now be seen in the old church of San Pedro in Teruel.
#II. Authenticity of the Legend#. The earliest references that have
yet been found to the legend belong to the middle of the sixteenth
century, that is, more than three centuries after the supposed death of
the lovers. In 1555, when the church of San Pedro in Teruel was
undergoing some repairs, two bodies, supposedly those of Marsilla and
Isabel, were discovered in one tomb in a remarkably good state of
preservation. They were reburied at the foot of the altar in the chapel
of Saints Cosme and Damian, and the story of the unfortunate lovers
began to spread far and wide. By the end of the century it was
apparently widely known and attracted considerable attention to the old
city of Teruel. When Philip III of Spain was journeying to Valencia in
1599 he was induced to turn aside to visit the church of San Pedro. In
the official account of his journey, "Jornada de Su Majestad Felipe III
y Alteza la Infanta Dona Isabel, desde Madrid, a casarse el Rey con la
Reyna Dona Margarita, y su Alteza con el Archiduque Alberto," the story
of the legend as then generally accepted is related so succinctly that
it may well be quoted here: "En la iglesia de San Pedro, en la capilla
de San Cosme y San Damian, de la dicha ciudad, esta la sepultura de los
Amantes que llaman de Teruel; y dicen eran un mancebo y una doncella que
se querian mucho, ella rica y el al contrario; y como el pidiese por
mujer la doncella y por ser pobre no se la diesen, se determino a ir por
el mundo a adquerir hacienda y ella aguardarle ciertos anos, al cabo de
los cuales y dos o tres dias mas, volvio rico y hallo que aquella noche
se casaba la doncella. Tuvo trazas de meterse debajo de su cama y a
media noche le pidio un abrazo, dandose a conocer; ella le dijo que no
podia por no ser ya suya, y el murio luego al punto. Llevaronle a
enterrar, y ella fue al entierro, y cuando le querian echar en la
sepultura, se arrimo a la ataud y quedo alli muerta; y asi los
enterraron juntos en una sepultura, sabido el caso."
Seventeen years later a long epic poem by the secretary of the city
council of Teruel, Juan Yaguee de Salas, aroused much discussion as to
the authenticity of the legend. In 1619 the bodies were again exhumed
and in the coffin of one of them were found written the words "Este es
Don Diego Juan Martinez de Marsilla"; also a document, "papel de letra
muy antigua," giving the story in detail. This document disappeared, but
the copy that Juan Yaguee claimed to have made may be seen in the
archives of the church of San Pedro or in the transcription published in
the _Semanario Pintoresco_ for the week ending Feb. 5, 1837 (Vol. II,
pages 45-47). The genuineness of the document and its copy is very
doubtful. The first paragraph shows some linguistic peculiarities of old
Aragonese; but these gradually disappear, until there is little left in
the language to differentiate it from that of the good notary public and
poet, Juan Yaguee, who was so anxious to prove authenticity for the
legend treated in his poem. Although there is no reliable evidence that
the bodies exhumed in 1555 and again in 1619 were those of Marsilla and
Isabel, the church of San Pedro has held them in special reverence.
They attract many admirers to the old city on the Guadalaviar and the
tourist who expresses incredulity when shown the remains of the lovers
becomes thereby _persona non grata_ in Teruel.
For three centuries the controversy has continued and has resulted in
the spilling of much ink. The most complete and authoritative study of
the sources and growth of the legend is that of the eminent scholar
Cotarelo y Mori _(Sobre el origen y desarrollo de la leyenda de Los
Amantes de Teruel_, 2d edition, 1907). His conclusions support the
theory that the legend is the result of the localization in Teruel of
the story of the unfortunate Florentine lovers, Girolamo and Salvestra,
as related by Boccaccio in his _Decameron_, Book IV, Novel 8. He refutes
the arguments advanced by the supporters of the authenticity of the
legend, calls attention to the suspicious nature of all the documents,
and maintains the thesis that Boccaccio's story found its way into Spain
toward the end of the fourteenth century and took the form of the legend
of the _Lovers of Teruel_ about the middle of the sixteenth century, at
which time it first appeared definitely in Spanish literature. The
majority of literary critics and historians accept Cotarelo y Mori's
conclusions; others, however, refuse to give up the historic basis of
the legend. They cannot deny, of course, the evident similarity of the
stories; they explain it by saying that the story of the constant lovers
who died in Teruel in 1217 was carried to Italy by Aragonese soldiers or
merchants, was heard by the Italian novelist, and used by him as the
basis for his story of Girolamo and Salvestra.
#III. The Legend in Spanish Literature.# Very few of the famous
legends of the world rest upon documentary evidence, and the fact that
the legend of the _Lovers of Teruel_ lacks historic proof has had little
influence upon its popularity. It has been productive of much
literature, the extent of which is indicated by the two hundred or more
titles contained in the bibliography[l] published by Domingo Gascon y
Guimbao in 1907. Of the many poems, plays, and novels inspired by the
legend only the most noteworthy can be mentioned here. The oldest
literary treatment is apparently that of Pedro de Alventosa, written
about the middle of the sixteenth century, _Historia lastimosa y sentida
de los tiernos amantes Marcilla y Segura_. This was followed in 1566 by
a Latin poem of about five hundred lines by Antonio de Seron, published
in 1907 by Gascon y Guimbao, with a Spanish translation and an excellent
bibliography. In 1581 the legend was given dramatic treatment by Rey de
Artieda, who followed the story in its essential elements but modernized
the action by placing it in the time of Charles V, only forty-six years
earlier than the publication of the play. It has little literary value,
but is important because of its influence on later dramatists. Passing
over various treatments of the theme that serve merely to indicate its
growing popularity, we come to the pretentious epic poem of Juan Yaguee
de Salas in twenty-six cantos, _Los Amantes de Teruel, Epopeya tragica_,
in which, besides adding many fantastic details to the legend, the
author presented much extraneous matter bearing upon the general history
of Teruel. Because of this widely known poem and the growing popularity
of the _Lovers_, two dramatists of the Golden Age, Tirso de Molina and
Perez de Montalban, gave it their attention. _Los Amantes de Teruel_ of
the great Tirso de Molina, published in 1635, is disappointing,
considering the dramatic ability of the author; it contains passages of
dramatic effectiveness but is weak in construction. As in Rey de
Artieda's play, the action is placed in the sixteenth century; Marsilla
takes part in the famous expedition of Charles V against the Moors in
Tunis, saves the Emperor's life, and, richly rewarded, returns, too
late, to claim the promised bride. It is a better play than that of
Artieda, but is itself surpassed by Montalban's play of three years
later. Although he was far from possessing the dramatic genius of Tirso,
Montalban succeeded in giving the story the form that it was to maintain
on the stage for two centuries. Frequent performances and many editions
of his play, as well as many other literary treatments and references
that might be cited, attest the continued popularity of the legend.
[Footnote 1: _Los Amantes de Teruel, Bibliografia de los Amantes_.
Domingo Gascon y Guimbao, Madrid, 1907.]
Finally, in the early days of Romanticism, it assumed the dramatic form
that has remained most popular down to the present day. On the
nineteenth of January of the year 1837 the theatergoing people of Madrid
were moved to vociferous applause by a new treatment of the old theme,
and a new star of the literary firmament was recognized in the person of
Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch. In his dramatic masterpiece Hartzenbusch
eclipsed all the other plays that have dealt with the legend, and more
than twenty editions stand as proof of its continued popularity. Besides
these many editions of the play, numerous novels, poems, and operas have
appeared from time to time. For the most complete bibliography down to
1907 the reader is again referred to that of the official historian of
Teruel, Gascon y Guimbao. We must now turn our attention to the author
of the best dramatic treatment of the legend.
#IV. Life of Hartzenbusch#. Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch, born in 1806,
was the only son of a German cabinet-maker who had wandered to Spain
from his home near Cologne, married a Spanish girl, and opened up a shop
in Madrid. The son inherited from his German father and Spanish mother
traits of character that were exemplified later in his life and
writings. From his father he received a fondness for meditation,
conscientious industry in acquiring sound scholarship, and the patience
needed for the continual revision of his plays; from his mother came his
ardent imagination and love of literature. Childhood and youth were for
him a period of disappointment and struggle against adversity. Less than
two years old when his mother died after a short period of insanity
caused by the sight of bloodshed in the turbulent streets of Madrid in
1808, he was left to the care of a brooding father who had little
sympathy with his literary aspirations, but who did wish to give him the
best education he could afford. He received a common school education
and was permitted to spend the four years from 1818 to 1822 in the
College of San Isidro. As a result of the political troubles in Spain in
1823, the father's business, never very prosperous, fell away and the
son had to leave college to help in the workshop. He was thus compelled
to spend a large part of his time in making furniture, although his
inclination was toward literature.
His leisure was given to study and to the acquirement of a practical
knowledge of the dramatic art, gained for the most part from books,
because of his father's dislike of the theater and because of the lack
of money for any unnecessary expenditure. He translated several French
and Italian plays, adapted others to Spanish conditions, and recast
various _comedias_ of the _Siglo de Oro_, with a view to making them
more suitable for presentation. He tried his hand also at original
production and succeeded in getting some of his plays on the stage, only
to have them withdrawn almost immediately. Undiscouraged by repeated
failure, he continued studying and writing, more determined than ever to
become a successful dramatist and thus realize the ambition that was
kindled in him by the first dramatic performance that he had witnessed
when he had already reached manhood.
At the time of his marriage in 1830 he was still helping his ailing and
despondent father in the workshop; more interested undoubtedly in his
literary pursuits, but ever faithful to the call of duty. Until success
as a dramatist made it possible for him to gain a living for his family
by literature, he continued patiently his manual labor. At his father's
death he closed the workshop and for a short time became dependent for
a livelihood on stenography, with which he had already eked out the
slender returns from the labor of his hands.
Meanwhile, during these last years of apprenticeship in which
Hartzenbusch was gaining complete mastery of his art by continual study
and practice, the literary revolution known as Romanticism was making
rapid progress. The death of the despotic Ferdinand VII in 1833 removed
the restraint that had been imposed upon literature as well as upon
political ideas. The theories of the French and English Romanticists
were penetrating Spanish literary circles, to be taken up eagerly by the
younger dramatists; political exiles of high social and literary
prestige, such as Martinez de la Rosa and the Duque de Rivas, were
returning to Spain with plays and poems composed according to the new
theories; the natural reaction from the logical, unemotional ideals of
the Classicists was developing conditions favorable to the revolution.
The first year of the struggle between the two schools of literature,
1834, gave the Romanticists two important victories in the _Conjuracion
de Venecia_ of Martinez de la Rosa, and the _Macias_ of Jose de Larra,
two plays that show clearly Romantic tendencies but that avoid an abrupt
break with the Classical theories. They served to prepare the way for
the thoroughly Romantic play of the Duque de Rivas, _Don Alvaro o la
fuerza del sino_, a magnificent, though disordered, drama that gained
for the Romanticists a decisive victory in 1835, a victory over
Classicism in Spain similar to that gained in Paris five years earlier
by the famous _Hernani_ of Victor Hugo, leader of the French
Romanticists. In 1836 the equally successful performance of _El
Trovador_, the Romantic play of Garcia Gutierrez, confirmed the victory
gained by the Romanticists with _Don Alvaro_, and gave clear indication
that the literary revolution was complete. The temper of the time was
decidedly Romantic, and the wholehearted applause that resounded through
the Teatro del Principe on the night of Jan. 19, 1837, at the first
performance of _Los Amantes de Teruel_ put an end to the long and
laborious apprenticeship of Hartzenbusch.
A few days later the warm reception given the play and its continued
popularity were justified in a remarkable piece of dramatic criticism by
the rival playwright and keen literary critic, Jose de Larra, known
better by his journalistic pen-name, Figaro, and greatly feared by his
contemporaries for his mordant criticism and stinging satire. In the
opening words of his review of the play, we may see the highly favorable
attitude of the critic and realize the suddenness of the fame that came
to Hartzenbusch. "Venir a aumentar el numero de los vivientes, ser un
hombre mas donde hay tantos hombres, oir decir de si: 'Es un tal
fulano,' es ser un arbol mas en una alameda. Pero pasar cinco o seis
lustros oscuro y desconocido, y llegar una noche entre otras, convocar a
un pueblo, hacer tributaria su curiosidad, alzar una cortina, conmover
el corazon, subyugar el juicio, hacerse aplaudir y aclamar, y oir al dia
siguiente de si mismo al pasar por una calle o por el Prado: 'Aquel es
el escritor de la comedia aplaudida,' eso es algo; es nacer; es devolver
al autor de nuestros dias por un apellido oscuro un nombre claro; es dar
alcurnia a sus ascendientes en vez de recibirla de ellos."[2] Other
contemporary reviews were just as favorable, and all expressed with
Figaro great hopes in the career of a dramatist that had thus begun with
an acknowledged masterpiece. The _Semanario Pintoresco_, for example, a
literary magazine in its second year of publication, ended its review of
the play with these words: "El joven que, saliendo de la oscuridad del
taller de un artesano, se presenta en el mundo literario con los Amantes
de Teruel por primera prueba de su talento, hace concebir al teatro
espanol la fundada esperanza de futuros dias de gloria, y de verse
elevado a la altura que un dia ocupo en la admiracion del mundo
civilizado." (Feb. 5, 1837.)
[Footnote 2: _Obras completas de Figaro._ Paris, 1889. Vol. III, page
187.]
Thus encouraged by popular applause and by the enthusiastic praise of
literary critics, Hartzenbusch produced at varying intervals many
excellent plays, but none of them surpassed or even equaled his _Amantes
de Teruel_. Many of them, characterized by careful workmanship, dramatic
effectiveness, and fine literary finish, are well worth studying, and
deserve more attention than can be given them here. They offer all kinds
of drama: tragedies such as _Dona Mencia_, in which the exaggerations of
Romanticism are given free rein; historical plays, in which striking
incidents in Spanish history or legend are given dramatic treatment;
fantastic plays, such as _La redoma encantada_, in which magic plays an
important part; comedies of character and manners, such as _La coja y el
encogido_, in which contemporary life found humorous presentation. The
best of them may be read in the three volumes published in the
well-known series _Coleccion de Escritores Castellanos_. For literary
criticism the student is referred to the books mentioned later in the
bibliography.
The love of study grew stronger in Hartzenbusch as the opportunity to
devote himself to it became greater, so that after he had had several
plays presented with considerable success, scholarship began to absorb
more and more of his time and the intervals between plays began to
lengthen. Literary criticism, editorial work in connection with new
editions of the Spanish classics, his duties as assistant and, later,
chief librarian of the Biblioteca Nacional, these, with the production
from time to time of a new play, made him a well-known figure in the
literary life of Madrid. His was the quiet life of the modern man of
letters, to whom the incidents of greatest interest are of the
intellectual order: the production of a new play, the publication of a
new book of literary or scholarly value, the discovery of an old
manuscript or the announcement of a new theory, the admission of a new
member to the Spanish Academy. Serenely tolerant in his outlook upon
life, of gentle disposition and ready sympathy, unaffectedly modest,
indifferent to the accumulation of property beyond the needs of his
simple mode of living, conscientious in the performance of all his
duties, he retained to the end of his life the personal esteem of his
many friends. When death put an end in 1880 to the long illness that
saddened the last years of his life, his mortal remains were conducted
to the tomb with all due ceremony by the Spanish Academy, to which
membership had been granted him in 1847 as a recognition of his
excellent work as dramatist and scholar.
The productivity of Hartzenbusch, as well as his versatility, would be
remarkable in any country but Spain. The _Bibliografia de Hartzenbusch_,
prepared by his son and published in 1900,[3] stands as proof of the
great extent and diversity of his productions; four hundred pages are
needed for the bibliographical data connected with his many publications
and for a few extracts from his unpublished writings. Hundreds of titles
of dramas, poems, addresses, essays, literary criticism, scholarly
commentaries, indicate the versatility of his talent and his tireless
industry.
[Footnote 3: _Bibliografia de Hartzenbusch_. Eugenio Hartzenbusch.
Madrid, 1900.]
#V. Hartzenbusch's Treatment of the Legend.# Apparently Hartzenbusch
had given much study and thought to the famous legend of the _Lovers of
Teruel_. At first it was his intention to use it in an historical novel,
but only the first few pages of this have been preserved (_Bibliografia
de Hartzenbusch_). Believing that the legend could be better treated in
dramatic form, he applied himself enthusiastically to the construction
of the play in accordance with the new theories that were becoming
popular, and had it ready for production when a copy of Jose de Larra's
_Macias_ came into his hands. What was his astonishment to find that the
plot of his play was so similar to that of _Macias_ that no one would be
likely to accept the similarity as a mere coincidence. Patiently he
reconstructed it and had it published in 1836, if the date on the title
page of the oldest edition is to be accepted as accurate.[4] If
published in 1836, the author remained in obscurity until the first
performance of the play, January 19 of the following year, made him
famous.
[Footnote 4: _Los Amantes de Teruel_, drama en cinco actos en prosa y
verso por Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch. Madrid. Imprenta de D. Jose Maria
Repulles. 1836.]
Many difficulties beset the dramatist in the construction of the play.
The legend that served as plot was already known to all, so that the
element of suspense could not be used to any great extent. Moreover, the
climax was not in itself dramatic; the death of two lovers through grief
at separation, pathetic though it be, lacked the tragic element of other
similar stories in which death resulted from violence. The _denouement_,
the probability of which would not be generally accepted, had to be
retained in the treatment of a legend so widely known, a legend in which
the essential originality consisted in this very improbability. Careful
preparation throughout the whole play was needed, then, for this
improbable _denouement_, pathetic, rather than tragic; dramatic
incidents had to be supplied by the author's own inventiveness, the
characters had to be carefully delineated, the motivation carefully
considered. How successfully the author was able to overcome these
difficulties, with what dramatic skill he was able to succeed where
dramatists such as Tirso de Molina and Montalban were only partially
successful, careful study of the play will reveal.
The play as given in this edition differs in many ways from the play as
first presented in 1837. More than once the author returned to it, and
the numerous editions needed to supply the popular and continuous demand
gave him the opportunity to revise it and give it the most artistic
finish of which he was capable. Changed literary conditions after
Romanticism had run its course are reflected in the more sober dress of
the revised play; there are reflected in it, too, the greater
restraint, the more scholarly and critical attention to character
delineation and literary finish befitting a man who had passed from the
warm impulsiveness of youth to the calm rationality of middle age. The
student who takes the trouble to compare the text of this edition with
that of the first will see many changes: the five acts are reduced to
four; some of the prose scenes are now in poetic form; the diction is
much improved generally and obscure passages are made clear; some
changes in motivation are to be noted, especially in the scenes leading
up to the voluntary marriage of Isabel with Azagra; the mother's
character is notably ennobled. On the whole, the play has gained by
these revisions; what it has lost in freshness and spontaneity has been
more than counterbalanced by the more careful delineation of character,
improved motivation of action, correctness of diction, and literary
finish. The play in its first form is undoubtedly a better example of
Romanticism in all its phases, its tendencies toward exaggeration, its
crudities of thought and expression, combined with qualities unsurpassed
in any other period of literature; in its revised form it is a more
artistic production, is still a Romantic play, and one of the best in
Spanish literature.
#VI. Romanticism.# Generally speaking, an author belongs to his own
age and country, is moved by the prevalent ideas and sentiments; his
outlook upon life is similar to that of the majority of his
contemporaries. Ordinarily then, a piece of literature of a past age is
understood and fully appreciated only by the student who is able to view
it in its proper historical perspective, to see it through the eyes of
those for whom it was written. Especially is this true of Romantic
literature, the production of ardent and youthful enthusiasts who found
themselves suddenly emancipated from the rigid rules and formalism of
French pseudo-Classicism of the eighteenth century. The tendency in
literature, as in political and social life, is to pass in a pendulum
swing from one extreme to the other, so that to appreciate the fine and
enduring qualities of Romantic literature and to make due allowance for
its exaggerations and other apparent faults, the student must know
something of the Romantic movement and of the Classicism that
immediately preceded it. Moreover, his purpose in reading a literary
masterpiece is not merely to understand and appreciate it in itself, but
also to gain through it some understanding of the age or literary
movement of which it is a representative. In order, then, that _Los
Amantes de Teruel_ may be more fully appreciated as a dramatic
masterpiece, and in order that through it the student may come to a
fuller understanding of Romanticism, his attention is now directed to
the essential characteristics of this important literary movement.
Romanticism in Spanish literature is the name given to the literary
revolt that began about 1830 against pseudo-Classicism. A similar revolt
had already freed the other literatures of Europe, so that the many
Spanish exiles who had been forced to seek refuge for political reasons
in England or on the Continent there became familiar with the new ideas
in literature. Ardent converts to the new literary ideals, these
political exiles, when permitted to return to Spain at the death of the
despotic Ferdinand VII in 1833, became the leaders in a literary
revolution that soon swept away all opposition. The logical reaction
from the rigid rules and formalism, new ideas in political and social
life weakened opposition so rapidly and effectively that the Romantic
poetry and plays of the Duque de Rivas, Espronceda, Garcia Gutierrez,
Hartzenbusch, and others found a ready and enthusiastic welcome.
In the comparison that is to be made of Romanticism and Classicism,
_romantic_ and _classic_ are to be used in their technical, literary
sense. As ordinarily used, _romantic_ means the extreme opposite of
prosaic or commonplace; in literary history, Romantic is used to
describe the movement known as Romanticism. Classic, in its oldest and
ordinary acceptation, means the best of its class or kind; in its
literary sense, _classic_, or _classical_, is usually applied to the
type of literature that harmonized so completely with eighteenth century
rationalism, the Classicism, or rather pseudo-Classicism, which,
enthroned in France, ruled all literary Europe until the closing years
of the century. In the following comparison, Classic, Classicist, and
Classicism are the opposites of Romantic, Romanticist, and Romanticism.
Romanticism, in its general application to all kinds of literature and
to the literatures of all countries where it made itself effectively
felt, shows the following characteristics:
1. _Subjectivity_, the introduction of the personal note, the expression
by the author of his own individual feelings and ideas. The Classicist,
aiming at universality and completeness, considered only the typical and
eternal as suitable material for literature and carefully excluded
whatever seemed peculiar to himself; his ideal was to give perfect
literary form to ideas and sentiments acceptable to mankind generally,
truths of universal application. Originality of idea or sentiment was
not of prime importance with him; his aim was rather to give finished
form to "what oft was said, but ne'er so well expressed." The aim of the
Romanticist, on the other hand, was to turn to literary uses his own
individual experiences, to give forceful and effective, rather than
elegant, expression to his own peculiar feelings and ideas. This
subjectivity led naturally to many abuses; it also led to the production
of some of the masterpieces of literature. Lyric poetry, that had almost
died of inanition during the period of Classicism, took on new and
vigorous life and became again one of the most important literary
genres. The mere mention of such famous poets as Byron, Shelley, Heine,
Musset, Leopardi, Espronceda, indicates the extent and importance of
lyric poetry in the first half of the nineteenth century.
2. _Emotional appeal_. Classicism made its appeal to the intellect;
Romanticism to the emotions. The aim of the Classicist being to give
perfect literary expression to the accumulated wisdom of mankind or to
reform social, moral, or political conditions by means of ridicule, he
accepted logic as his guide. The Romanticist, whose aim it was to
express his individual sentiments and ideas, rebelled against the
restraints of logic and common sense; his purpose was not to persuade
his reader or hearer by logical reasoning, but rather to carry him off
his feet by the onrush of his passions and sentiments. The Classicist
mistrusted the imagination for fear that it might lead him away from
common sense and moderation; the Romanticist turned to it eagerly as the
most effective means of conveying to reader or hearer his ardent
sentiments and vague aspirations. For the reason then that the
Classicist made his appeal to the intellect, mistrusted the imagination,
and usually avoided all strong passions except that of indignation,
Classicism tended to become more and more prosaic. Romanticism, because
of its appeal to the emotions and to the imagination, put new life and
power into literature, and immeasurably widened its range. On the other
hand the tendency on the part of writers of little ability and less
judgment to go to absurd extremes in their efforts to express strange
and original ideas and sentiments, to get as far away as possible from
the logical and commonplace, led to the production of much absurd
writing. This and the attempt of many of them to apply the extreme
principles of Romanticism to daily life as well as to literature
resulted in the derogatory sense that the word _romantic_ came to have
in its ordinary acceptation. The results of Romanticism in its
exaggerated form may be seen in the satirical article written in 1837 by
Mesonero Romanos, _El Romanticismo y los Romanticos_. This article,
highly recommended in this connection, may easily be found in his
collected writings _Obras_, Madrid, 1881, or, better still, it may be
studied in the excellent edition of Professor G.T. Northup, _Selections
from Mesonero Romanos_.
3. _Spiritual awakening_. The latter half of the eighteenth century was
a materialistic age. The realities of life were limited to such as could
be understood by the five senses and the reasoning faculty. Life and
literature for the Classicist meant reasoned submission to things as
they were; achievement was the accepted basis of judgment for his life
or literature. The Romanticist rebelled against this materialistic view
of life; for him the real truths lay beyond the apparent realities; he
grasped at the impalpable and infinite, and wished to have his life and
literature judged by his aspirations, rather than by his achievements.
Hence, too, the vague longings, the gentle melancholy or violent revolt,
the spiritual uplift. The new sense of the wonder and glory of the
universe, as well as the spiritual reality behind the material, has
suggested as a definition of Romanticism the "Renascence of Wonder."
4. _Revival of the Middle Ages and national traditions_. The
Romanticists were inclined to turn away from the prosaic present and to
seek material for their writings in the Middle Ages, the time of
unrestrained feelings and emotions, of chivalrous adventure and romance,
of strong religious faith, of miracles and superstition. The historical
novel, in which the powerful imagination of a Walter Scott made the past
live again, became popular throughout Europe; innumerable dramas sought
their plots in medieval history and legend. Spain, with her rich
literature of popular ballads and drama, a storehouse of picturesque
legends and traditions, attracted the attention of Romanticists
everywhere, so that for Spaniards the movement came to have a patriotic
significance. The best Romanticists did not limit themselves to the
Middle Ages; they broadened their vision to include the whole past of
the human race, whereas the Classicists, fixing their eyes steadily upon
ancient Greece and Rome, whenever they were inclined to turn away from
the present, ignored entirely the medieval period and the early modern.
5. _Picturesqueness_. Seeking to give polished expression to the
probable and typical, the Classicist abhorred exaggeration and violent
contrasts. The Romanticist, on the other hand, was attracted to the
grotesque, mingled the ugly and the beautiful, the commonplace and the
fantastic; he delighted in striking antitheses.
6. _Love of inanimate nature_. The Classicist, instead of going directly
to Nature for individual inspiration, was content to repeat in new ways
the generally accepted ideas regarding natural scenery. His interest lay
almost wholly in mankind, so that inanimate Nature usually served as a
merely conventional background. The Romanticist loved Nature for its own
sake, and many masterpieces of lyric poetry were due to its inspiration.
He loved Nature in all her aspects and moods; if these were grandiose or
violent, the greater was his admiration.
7. _Freedom from rule and conventionality in literary forms and
technique._ The foregoing characteristics, concerned mainly with the
content of Romantic literature, would naturally mean a corresponding
revolution in literary form and technique. Rules and conventions had
kept accumulating about literature, until by the middle of the
eighteenth century, when French Classicism dominated literary Europe,
they were so rigid that only a few of the many men of letters were able
to produce literature that was not wholly artificial and uninspired.
Each kind of literature was supposed to be written in a certain way;
narrative poetry had a certain prescribed meter; lyric poetry another;
tragedy and comedy should be carefully kept apart. The Romanticist
proceeded at once to throw overboard all these rules and
conventionalities. Each literary production was to be judged upon its
own merits as literature, not upon the closeness of its adherence to any
set of rules, and each author was to be at liberty to get his results in
any way that he might choose. Hence we find the mingling of literary
genres, the neglect of the dramatic unities, the invention of new meters
and the revival of old ones.
8. _Richness of language_. Because of the continual elimination of words
considered unsuitable for literary expression, the language of the
Classicists was becoming more and more impoverished, diction was
becoming more and more stereotyped and artificial. The Romanticists,
with their revolutionary ideas as to content, rebelled against any rule
or convention that would restrict their choice of words or diction;
seeking complete and effective self-expression, they turned to literary
use all the resources of the language of their own time and of any other
age as well. The result was a great enrichment of language through the
effective use of highly colored, picturesque words and diction, as fresh
and bright as newly coined pieces of gold.
Such are the general characteristics of the movement that had such a
profound effect upon the literatures of western Europe in the closing
years of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth.
All of them may be observed in the literature produced in Spain during
the twenty years from 1830 to 1850, although, naturally, they do not all
have the same importance there as in other countries. In a general way
it may be said that the movement was not so revolutionary as in France,
for example, where Classicism had taken deeper root. Moreover, in Spain,
Romanticism meant the revival of some of the literary ideals of the
_Siglo de Oro_, and to this extent at least could hardly be considered
revolutionary. The most complete representative of Romanticism in
Spanish dramatic literature is the _Don Alvaro_ of Angel de Saavedra,
better known as the Duque de Rivas; in this play are to be found all the
above-mentioned characteristics, even those that have to do more
naturally with lyric poetry, subjectivity and love of nature. Not only
does it present Romanticism in its most effective form; it also shows
the pitfalls of exaggeration and improbability that even the greatest
Romanticists failed to avoid when the check of common sense was removed
and free rein was given to the imagination. But since we are here
concerned mainly with _Los Amantes de Teruel_, a play that demands for
its understanding and appreciation much less familiarity with the
Spanish language than that required by _Don Alvaro_, the extent to which
the masterpiece of Hartzenbusch is representative of Romanticism will
now be briefly noted.[5]
[Footnote 5: In order that the student may discover for himself the
essential differences between the two schools of drama, it is
recommended that he read a classical play such as Moratin's _El Si de
las Ninas_ before reading _Los Amantes de Teruel_. In comparing the two
plays he should bear in mind that, for the reason that they are both
artistic masterpieces, they avoid the extremes of Classicism and
Romanticism, and that they do not illustrate entirely the opposite
characteristics of the less artistic examples of the two kinds of
drama.]
#VII. Romanticism in _Los Amantes de Teruel._# That the appeal is
mainly to the emotions and imagination is quite evident. The plot is
based on a legend that owes its chief interest to the unusual and even
improbable ending; and the exceptional and improbable, if they are to be
effectively treated in literature, must appeal to the imagination, must
so stir the sentiments of the reader or hearer that the reasoning
faculty may be kept from becoming too active. Not only is the
_denouement_ itself improbable; the somewhat melodramatic figure of
Zulima and the important part she plays in keeping apart the lovers
until it is too late, would hardly be convincing if the main appeal of
the play were to the intellect. These improbabilities are willingly
ignored by the reader or spectator as he allows himself to be carried
along in the current of passion to the final scene of deep emotion and
intense pathos. Melodious verse and poetic imagery help to make
effective this emotional appeal.
The spiritual appeal of the play is apparent. To Marsilla and Isabel
love is so spiritualized that materialism can find in it no place. Their
love for each other is the "encarnacion del carino anticipado al nacer,"
life means for them "seguir con el cuerpo amando, como el espiritu amo."
Love is life itself; and when no longer permitted to love each other in
this life for the reason that Isabel, believing her lover to be dead and
wishing to sacrifice herself in order that her mother's good name may be
preserved, has become the wife of Rodrigo de Azagra, they willingly
return to the spiritual world from which together _they had come into
the world of materiality_.
The dramatization of a medieval legend is typical of the newly awakened
interest in the Middle Ages. Five years before the beginning of the
supposed action of the play, shortly after Marsilla had left home to
gain name and fortune in the wars against the infidels, was fought at
Navas de Tolosa one of the most decisive battles between Christianity
and Mohammedanism. The year after his departure from Teruel there
ascended the throne of Aragon the boy that was to be known to history as
_Jaime el Conquistador_ because of his reconquest of southeastern Spain
for Christianity. In the lull that preceded the approaching storm the
Christians and Moslems in the eastern part of the peninsula were at
peace, so that in the play they mingle freely, treating each other with
the chivalrous respect that was characteristic of the Middle Ages. The
numerous references to contemporary historic personages and events and
the careful attention to local color bring vividly before us the life of
that part of Aragon recently recovered from the Moors. The _denouement_
is made less improbable by placing the action of the play in that age of
deep convictions, exalted idealism, chivalrous customs, and in that part
of Spain where tenacity of purpose has always been regarded as a
characteristic trait.
Picturesqueness, in its literary sense is not very apparent in the play
as we now have it. In the first version there were examples of striking
contrasts, a mingling of the tragic and comic, the noble and base, but
these were toned down or eliminated by the author in his revisions of
the play. For an example of exaggerated picturesqueness, with its
violent contrasts, mingling of the sublime and vulgar, the grotesque and
beautiful, the student is referred to _Don Alvaro_.
The classical conventionality that each kind of literature should have
its prescribed form and that the various literary genres should be kept
apart was disregarded by Hartzenbusch. In this play we see a mingling of
scenes in prose with those in verse, we find the versification varied
according to the nature of the scenes, a mingling of dramatic dialogue
and lyrical expression of sentiment and passion. The action of the play
in its first form was impeded by the excessive lyricism of some of the
scenes; although notably reduced, this lyric element is still quite
apparent in the scene between Marsilla and Zulima in the first act, for
example; or between Marsilla and Isabel in the last. In the first
version Mari-Gomez, later changed to Teresa with the suppression of most
of her garrulity, was made to serve as a _graciosa_ and thus relieve the
tenseness of the serious scenes.
As to the three dramatic unities so dear to the Classicists, those of
time and place are disregarded. The action shifts from Valencia to
Teruel; the time occupied covers the last six days of the _plazo_ given
Marsilla in which to gain name and fortune and return home to claim
Isabel for wife. The unity of action, the one essential unity in any
work of art, is carefully preserved. In the first version could be seen
something of the Romantic tendency to complicate the plot by the
introduction of an excessive number of characters and needless episodes,
but in its final form the plot is simple and nothing is permitted to
interfere with its dramatic development.
In the first version there was also some tendency to abuse the new
freedom from conventionality in language, a tendency to seek out unusual
words and phrases for the sake of their picturesqueness, rather than for
their artistic appropriateness. In the polishing and toning-down
process, such words and phrases were eliminated, so that the play in its
final form serves as a good illustration of the permanent enrichment of
the literary language by the Romanticists. Likewise, in its
versification, it offers a good example of the metrical variety found in
the Spanish dramatists of the Golden Age and revived by the
Romanticists.
#VIII. Versification.# Only the fundamental principles of Spanish
versification will be noted here. For a more adequate treatment the
student is referred to such works as Andres Bello's _Ortologia y
metrica_ (Vol. IV of _Obras completas_, Madrid, 1890), or the _Prosodia
castellana y versificacion_ of E. Benot; or to the more easily
accessible notes on Spanish versification in Hills and Morley's _Modern
Spanish Lyrics_ or Ford's _Spanish Anthology_.
Some knowledge of two of the essential differences between Spanish and
English versification is needed for the appreciation of the poetry of
this play. Whereas in English poetry the number of feet to the line is
essential, in Spanish the basis of meter is the number of syllables;
moreover, in syllable-counting there are certain rules (too complicated
to be given here) regarding the treatment of contiguous vowels as one
syllable or more than one. Another difference that should be noted is
that in Spanish poetry there are two kinds of rime, consonantal rime and
assonance. Consonantal rime is the same as that used in English poetry,
identity of the last stressed vowel sound as well as all following vowel
or consonant sounds in two or more verses; as for example, in lines
127-130, Act I, _clemencia, Valencia: favor, mejor_. Assonance is
identity in a series of verses of the last stressed vowel and of a
following unstressed vowel, if there be one, but not of a consonant; in
other words, assonance is the correspondence of the vowels, but not of
the consonants, in the riming syllables. Thus, in the first 110 lines of
the play, all the even verses have the same vowel in the last stressed
syllables: _volver, administre, fiel, pie, Adel, partire, el, rey_, etc.
Only the strong vowel in a diphthong is recognized, so that in these 110
lines the assonance of the alternate verses is in _e_. In the first 148
lines of Act IV all the even verses have one and the same vowel in the
last accented syllable and one and the same vowel in the unaccented
syllable: _pueblo, bandoleros, prenderlos, tiempo, vinieron, provecho_,
etc. The assonance is, therefore, _e-o_.
Of the many verse-forms, _i.e._, definite combinations of line and rime,
to be found in Spanish poetry, we find the following in this play:
_romance, romance heroico, redondilla, quintilla, decima, copla de arte
mayor_, and _silva_.
The _romance_, or ballad meter, is the most thoroughly national of all
Spanish meters and has always been very popular with the dramatists. It
has, regularly, eight syllables to the line, with a regular rhythmic
accent on the seventh, and has assonance in the alternate lines. The
seventh syllable may or may not be followed by one or two unstressed
syllables, but the line is called octosyllabic; one unstressed syllable
is counted whether it be present or not. The first 110 lines of Act I,
for example, are in _romance_. Note that the regular rhythmic stress of
each line is on the seventh syllable; that the odd lines have seven or
eight syllables; that all the even lines have seven metrical syllables
each, and have assonance in _e_. In the first 148 lines of Act IV, all
of the even lines have eight syllables each, for the reason that each
seventh syllable is followed by an unaccented syllable, the assonance
being _e-o._ This is the normal _romance_ line, eight-syllabled and in
assonance.
The _romance heroico_ or _real_ differs from the ordinary _romance_ in
that the lines are hendecasyllabic (eleven-syllabled). Lines 269-474,
Act IV, are in _romance heroico_, with assonance in _a-a_.
The _redondilla_ consists of four octosyllabic lines, with consonantal
rime, usually arranged thus: _abba_. In Act I, for example, lines
111-458 consist of 87 _redondillas_.
The _quintilla_ consists of five octosyllabic lines, with two
consonantal rimes, arranged so that no more than two may come together:
_ababa, abbab, abaab_, etc. In Act III lines 62-226 consist of 33
_quintillas_. The last one has a very unusual combination of rimes:
_abbba_.
The _decima_ consists of ten octosyllabic lines, with four consonantal
rimes usually arranged as in lines 761-770, or 771-780, Act II:
_abbaaccddc_. The _decima_ is not properly considered as two
_quintillas_, since there should be a pause at the end of the fourth
line of a _decima_.
The _copla_ (stanza) _de arte mayor_ contains eight lines with three
consonantal rimes arranged thus: _abbaacca_. Each line is divided into
two hemistitches, with rhythmic stress on the fifth syllable of each
hemistich. The sixth syllable of either hemistich or of both may be
lacking, so that there may be a total of 10, 11, or 12 syllables in a
line. Lines 179-282, Act II, are made up of thirteen _coplas de arte
mayor_. Most of the lines have 11 or 12 syllables; note that verses 187,
200, 215, etc., have only ten each.
The _silva_ is usually composed of eleven-syllabled lines, intermingled
with lines of seven syllables. There is consonantal rime, but without
regularity; and many lines are left unrimed. An example of the _silva_
may be found in lines 309-437, Act III.
SCHEME OF VERSIFICATION
Act I. 1-110 Romance (_e_)
111-458 Redondillas
Act II. 1-178 Romance (_a_)
179-282 Coplas de arte mayor
283-466 Redondillas
467-573 Prose
574-760 Romance _(e-a)_
761-780 Decimas
Act III. 1-61 Prose
62-226 Quintillas
227-308 Prose
309-437 Silva
Act IV. 1-148 Romance _(e-o)_
149-268 Redondillas
269-474 Romance heroico _(a-a)_
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
The most important books and articles that treat of Hartzenbusch and the
legend of the _Amantes de Teruel_ have already been mentioned. In them
may be found many references and extensive bibliographical data. The
best of the writings of Hartzenbusch are contained in the five volumes
published in the well-known series _Coleccion de Escritores
Castellanos_. Three volumes contain his best plays: _Teatro_, Madrid,
1888-1892. The first volume, _Poesias_, 1887, contains a good study of
his life and writings by A. Fernandez-Guerra. The Romantic movement in
Spain is treated at length in _El Romanticismo en Espana_, by Enrique
Pineyro, Paris, 1904; and in Vol. I, of _La Literatura Espanola en el
Siglo XIX_, by F. Blanco-Garcia, 3d edition, 1909.
LOS AMANTES DE TERUEL,
DRAMA REFUNDIDO EN CUATRO ACTOS Y EN VERSO Y PROSA
Estrenado en Madrid en el teatro del Principe a 19 de enero de 1837
PERSONAS
JUAN DIEGO MARTINEZ GARCES DE MARSILLA, O MARSILLA.
ISABEL DE SEGURA.
DONA MARGARITA.
ZULIMA.
DON RODRIGO DE AZAGRA.
DON PEDRO DE SEGURA.
DON MARTIN GARCES DE MARSILLA.
TERESA.
ADEL.
OSMIN.
Soldados moros, cautivos, damas, caballeros, pajes, criados, criadas.
_El primer acto pasa en Valencia, y los demas en Teruel.
Ano de 1217_.
LOS AMANTES DE TERUEL
ACTO PRIMERO
Dormitorio morisco en el alcazar de Valencia. A la derecha del
espectador una cama, junto al proscenio; a la izquierda, una
ventana con celosias y cortinajes. Puerta grande en el fondo,
y otras pequenas a los lados.
ESCENA PRIMERA
ZULIMA, ADEL; JUAN DIEGO MARSILLA, adormecido en la cama:
sobre ella un lienzo con letras de sangre.
ZULIMA. No vuelve en si.
ADEL. Todavia
tardara mucho en volver.
ZULIMA. Fuerte el narcotico ha sido.
ADEL. Poco ha se lo administre.--
Dignate de oir, senora,
la voz de un subdito fiel,
que orillas de un precipicio
te ve colocar el pie.
ZULIMA. Si disuadirme pretendes,
no te fatigues, Adel.
Partir de Valencia quiero,
y hoy, hoy mismo partire.
ADEL. ?Con ese cautivo?
ZULIMA. Tu
me has de acompanar con el.
ADEL. ?Asi al esposo abandonas? 15
iUn Amir, senora, un Rey!
ZULIMA. Ese Rey, al ser mi esposo,
me prometio no tener
otra consorte que yo.
?Lo ha cumplido? Ya lo ves. 20
A traerme una rival
marcho de Valencia ayer.
Libre a la nueva sultana
mi puesto le dejare.
ADEL. Considera....
ZULIMA. Esta resuelto. 25
El renegado Zaen,
el que aterra la comarca
de Albarracin y Teruel,
llamado por mi ha venido,
y tiene ya en su poder 30
casi todo lo que yo
de mis padres herede,
que es demas para vivir
con opulencia los tres.
De la alcazaba saldremos 35
a poco de anochecer.
ADEL. Y ese cautivo, senora,
?te ama? ?Sabes tu quien es?
ZULIMA. Es noble, es valiente, en una
mazmorra iba a perecer 40
de enfermedad y de pena,
de frio, de hambre y de sed:
yo le doy la libertad,
riquezas, mi mano: ?quien
rehusa estos dones? iOh! 45
Si ofendiera mi altivez
con una repulsa, caro
le costara su desden
conmigo. Tiempo hace ya
que este acero emponzone, 50
furiosa contra mi aleve
consorte Zeit Abenzeit:
quien es capaz de vengarse
en el Principe, tambien
escarmentara al esclavo, 55
como fuera menester.
ADEL. ?Que habra escrito en ese lienzo
con su sangre? Yo no se
leer en su idioma; pero
puedo llamar a cualquier 60
cautivo....
ZULIMA. El nos lo dira,
yo se lo preguntare.
ADEL. ?No fuera mejor hablarle
yo primero, tu despues?
ZULIMA. Le voy a ocultar mi nombre: 65
ser Zoraida fingire,
hija de Mervan.
ADEL. iMervan!
?Sabes que ese hombre sin ley
conspira contra el Amir?
ZULIMA. A el le toca defender 70
su trono, en vez de ocuparse,
contra la jurada fe,
en devaneos que un dia
lugar a su ruina den.
Mas Ramiro no recobra 75
los sentidos: buscare
un espiritu a proposito.... (_Vase_.)
ESCENA II
OSMIN, por una puerta lateral.--ADEL, MARSILLA
OSMIN. ?Se fue Zulima?
ADEL. Se fue.
Tu nos habras acechado.
OSMIN. He cumplido mi deber. 80
Al ausentarse el Amir,
con este encargo quede.
Es mas cauto nuestro dueno
que esa liviana mujer.--
El lienzo escrito con sangre, 85
?donde esta?
ADEL. Alli. (_Senalando la cama_.)
OSMIN. Venga.
ADEL. Ten.
(_Le da el lienzo, y Osmin lee_.)
Mira si es que dice, ya
que tu lo sabes leer,
donde lo pudo escribir;
porque en el encierro aquel 90
apenas penetra nunca
rayo de luz: verdad es
que rotas esta manana
puerta y cadenas halle:
debio, despues de romperlas, 95
el subterraneo correr,
y hallando el lienzo....
OSMIN (_asombrado de lo que ha leido_.) iEs posible!
ADEL. ?Que cosa?
OSMIN. iOh, vasallo infiel!
Avisar al Rey es fuerza,
y al perfido sorprender. 100
ADEL. ?Es este el perfido? (_Senalando a Marsilla_.)
OSMIN. No;
ese noble aragones
hoy el salvador sera
de Valencia y de su Rey.
ADEL. Zulima viene.
OSMIN. Silencio 105
con ella, y al punto ve
a buscarme. (_Vase_.)
ADEL. Norabuena.
Asi me haras la merced
de explicarme lo que pasa.
ESCENA III
ZULIMA.--ADEL, MARSILLA
ZULIMA. Dejame sola.
ADEL. Esta bien. (_Vase_.) 110
ESCENA IV
ZULIMA, MARSILLA
ZULIMA. Su pecho empieza a latir
mas fuerte; asi que perciba....
(_Aplicale un pomito a la nariz_.)
MARSILLA. iAh!
ZULIMA. Volvio.
MARSILLA (_incorporandose_.) iQue luz tan viva!
no la puedo resistir.
ZULIMA (_corriendo las cortinas de la ventana_).
De aquella horrible mansion 115
esta a las tinieblas hecho.
MARSILLA. No es esto piedra, es un lecho.
?Que ha sido de mi prision?
ZULIMA. Mira este albergue despacio,
y abre el corazon al gozo. 120
MARSILLA. iSenora!.... (_Reparando en ella_.)
ZULIMA. Tu calabozo
se ha convertido en palacio.
MARSILLA. Di (porque yo no me explico
milagro tal), di, ?que es esto?
ZULIMA. Que eras esclavo, y que presto 125
vas a verte libre y rico.
MARSILLA. iLibre! iOh divina clemencia!
Y ?a quien debo tal favor?
ZULIMA. ?Quien puede hacerle mejor
que la Reina de Valencia? 130
Zulima te proporciona
la sorpresa que te embarga
dulcemente: ella me encarga
que cuide de tu persona:
y desde hoy ningun afan 135
permitire que te aflija.
MARSILLA. ?Eres?....
ZULIMA. Dama suya, hija
del valeroso Mervan.
MARSILLA. ?De Mervan? (_Aparte_. iAh! ique
recuerdo!) (_Busca y recoge el lienzo_.)
ZULIMA. ?Que buscas tan azorado? 140
?Ese lienzo ensangrentado?
MARSILLA (_aparte_.) Si esta lo sabe, me pierdo.
ZULIMA. ?Que has escrito en el?
MARSILLA. No va
esto dirigido a ti;
es para el Rey.
ZULIMA. No esta aqui. 145
MARSILLA. Para la Reina sera.
Haz, pues, que a mi bienhechora
vea: por Dios te lo ruego.
ZULIMA. Conoceras aqui luego
a la Reina tu senora. 150
MARSILLA. iOh!....
ZULIMA. No estes con inquietud.
Olvida todo pesar:
trata solo de cobrar
el sosiego y la salud.
MARSILLA. Defienda provido el cielo 155
y premie con altos dones
los piadosos corazones
que dan al triste consuelo.
Tendra Zulima, tendras
tu siempre un cautivo en mi; 160
hermoso es el bien por si,
pero en una hermosa, mas.
Ayer, hoy mismo, ?cual era
mi suerte? Sumido en honda
carcel, estrecha y hedionda, 165
sin luz, sin aire siquiera;
envuelto en infecta nube
que humedo engendra el terreno;
paja corrompida, cieno
y piedras por cama tuve. 170
--Hoy ... si no es esto sonar,
torno a la luz, a la vida,
y espero ver la florida
margen del Guadalaviar,
alli donde alza Teruel, 175
senoreando la altura,
sus torres de piedra oscura,
que estan mirandose en el.
No es lo mas que me redima
la noble princesa mora: 180
el bien que me hace, lo ignora
aun la propia Zulima.
ZULIMA. Ella siempre algun misterio
supuso en ti, y asi espera
que me des noticia entera 185
de tu vida y cautiverio.
Una vez que en tu retiro
las dos ocultas entramos,
te oimos ... y sospechamos
que no es tu nombre Ramiro. 190
MARSILLA. Mi nombre es Diego Marsilla,
y cuna Teruel me dio,
pueblo que ayer se fundo,
y es hoy poderosa villa,
cuyos muros, entre horrores 195
de lid atroz levantados,
fueron con sangre amasados
de sus fuertes pobladores.
Yo creo que al darme ser
quiso formar el Senor, 200
modelos de puro amor,
un hombre y una mujer,
y para hacer la igualdad
de sus afectos cumplida,
les dio un alma en dos partida, 205
y dijo: "Vivid y amad."
Al son de la voz creadora,
Isabel y yo existimos,
y ambos los ojos abrimos
en un dia y una hora. 210
Desde los anos mas tiernos
fuimos ya finos amantes;
desde que nos vimos ... antes
nos amabamos de vernos;
porque el amor principio 215
a enardecer nuestras almas
al contacto de las palmas
de Dios, cuando nos crio:
y asi fue nuestro querer,
prodigioso en nina y nino, 220
encarnacion del carino
anticipado al nacer,
seguir Isabel y yo,
al triste mundo arribando,
seguir con el cuerpo amando, 225
como el espiritu amo.
ZULIMA. Inclinacion tan igual
solo dichas pronostica.
MARSILLA. Soy pobre, Isabel es rica.
ZULIMA (_aparte_). Respiro.
MARSILLA. Tuve un rival. 230
ZULIMA. ?Si?
MARSILLA. Y opulento.
ZULIMA. Y bien....
MARSILLA. Hizo
alarde de su riqueza....
ZULIMA. ?Y que? ?rindio la firmeza
de Isabel?
MARSILLA. Es poco hechizo
el oro para quien ama. 235
Su padre, si, deslumbrado....
ZULIMA. ?Tu amor dejo desairado,
privandote de tu dama?
MARSILLA. Le vi, mi pasion hablo,
su fuerza exhalando toda, 240
y, suspendida la boda,
un plazo se me otorgo,
para que mi esfuerzo activo
juntara un caudal honrado.
ZULIMA. ?Es ya el termino pasado? 245
MARSILLA. Senora, ya ves ... aun vivo.
Seis anos y una semana
me dieron: los anos ya
se cumplen hoy; cumplira
el primer dia manana. 250
ZULIMA. Sigue.
MARSILLA. Un adios a la hermosa
di, que es de mis ojos luz,
y combati por la cruz
en las Navas de Tolosa.
Gane con brioso porte 255
credito alli de guerrero;
luego, en Francia, prisionero
cai del Conde Monforte.
Hui, y en Siria un frances
albigense, refugiado, 260
a quien habia salvado
la vida junto a Besies,
me dejo, al morir, su herencia:
volviendo con fama y oro
a Espana, pirata moro 265
me apreso y trajo a Valencia.
Y en pena de que rompio
de mis cadenas el hierro
mi mano, profundo encierro
en vida me sepulto, 270
donde mi extrano custodio,
sin dejarse ver ni oir,
me prolongaba el vivir,
o por piedad o por odio.
De aquel horrendo lugar 275
me sacais: bella mujer,
sentir se y agradecer:
di como podre pagar.
ZULIMA. No borres de tu memoria
tan debido ofrecimiento, 280
y haz por escuchar atento
cierta peregrina historia.
Un joven aragones
vino cautivo al serallo:
sus prendas y nombre callo; 285
tu conoceras quien es.
Toda mujer se lastima
de ver padecer sonrojos
a un noble: puso los ojos
en el esclavo Zulima, 290
y fervido amor en breve
nacio de la compasion:
aqui es brasa el corazon;
alla entre vosotros, nieve.
Quiso aquel joven huir; 295
fue desgraciado en su empeno:
le prenden, y por su dueno
es condenado a morir.
Pero en favor del cristiano
velaba Zulima; ciega, 300
loca, le salva;--mas, llega
a brindarle con su mano.
Respuesta es bien se le de
en trance tan decisivo:
habla tu por el cautivo, 305
yo por la Reina hablare.
MARSILLA. Ni en desgracia ni en ventura
cupo en mi lenguaje dolo:
este corazon es solo
para Isabel de Segura. 310
ZULIMA. Medita, y concederas
al tiempo lo que reclama.
?Sabes tu si es fiel tu dama?
?Sabes tu si la veras?
MARSILLA. Me matara mi dolor, 315
si fuera Isabel perjura:
mi constancia me asegura
la firmeza de su amor.
Con espiritu gallardo,
si quereis, dare mi vida: 320
dada el alma y recibida,
fiel al dueno se la guardo.
ZULIMA. Mira que es poco prudente
burlar a tu soberana,
que tiene sangre africana, 325
y ama y odia facilmente.
Y si ella sabe que, cuando
yo su corazon te ofrezco,
por ella el dolor padezco
de ver que le estas pisando, 330
volveras a tus cadenas
y a tu negro calabozo,
y alli yo, con alborozo
que mas encone tus penas,
la nueva te llevare 335
de ser Isabel esposa.
MARSILLA. Y en prision tan horrorosa
?cuantos dias vivire?
ZULIMA. iRayo del cielo! el traidor
cuanto fabrico derrumba: 340
defendido con la tumba,
se rie de mi furor.
Trocaras la risa en llanto.
Cautiva desde Teruel
me han de traer a Isabel.... 345
MARSILLA. ?Quien eres tu para tanto?
ZULIMA. Tiembla de mi.
MARSILLA. Furia vana.
ZULIMA. iInsensato! La que ves,
no es hija de Mervan, es
Zulima.
MARSILLA. iTu la Sultana! 350
ZULIMA. La Reina.
MARSILLA. Toma, con eso
(_Dandole el lienzo ensangrentado_.)
correspondo a tu aficion:
entrega sin dilacion
a hombre de valor y seso
el escrito que te doy. 355
Salvete su diligencia.
ZULIMA. iComo! ?Que riesgo?...
MARSILLA. A Valencia
tu esposo ha de llegar hoy;
y en llegando, tu y el y otros
a sedicioso punal 360
pereceis.
ZULIMA. ?Que desleal
conspira contra nosotros?
MARSILLA. Mervan, tu padre supuesto.
Si tu colera no estalla,
mi labio el secreto calla, 365
y el fin os llega funesto.
ZULIMA. ?Como tal conjuracion
a ti!....
MARSILLA. Frenetico ayer,
la puerta pude romper
de mi encierro: la prision 370
recorro, oigo hablar, atiendo....
--Junta de aleves impia
era, Mervan presidia.--
Alli supe que volviendo
a este alcazar el Amir, 375
trataban de asesinarle.
Resuelvome a no dejarle
perfidamente morir,
y con roja tinta humana
y un pincel de mi cabello 380
la trama en un lienzo sello,
y el modo de hacerla vana.
Poner al siguiente dia
pensaba el util aviso
en la cesta que el preciso 385
sustento me conducia.
Venciome tenaz modorra,
mas fuerte que mi cuidado:
desperte maravillado,
fuera ya de la mazmorra. 390
Junta pues tu guardia, pon
aqui un acero, y que venga
con todo el poder que tenga
contra ti la rebelion.
ZULIMA. De a la rebelion castigo 395
quien tema por su poder;
no yo, que al anochecer
huir pensaba contigo.
Poca gente, pero brava,
que al marchar nos protegiera, 400
sumisa mi voz espera
escondida en la alcazaba.
Con ellos entre el rebato
del tumulto, partire;
con ellos negociare 405
que me venguen de un ingrato.
Teme la cuchilla airada
de Zaen, el bandolero;
tiembla, mas que de su acero,
de esta daga envenenada. 410
iAy del que mi amor troco
en frenesi rencoroso!
iNunca espere ser dichoso
quien de celos me mato!
MARSILLA. iZulima!... iSenora !... 415
(_Vase Zulima por la puerta del fondo, y cierra por dentro_.)
ESCENA V
OSMIN.--MARSILLA.
OSMIN Baste
de platica sin provecho.
Al Rey un favor has hecho:
acaba lo que empezaste.
MARSILLA. iComo! ?tu?....
OSMIN. El lienzo he leido
que al Rey dirigiste: alli 420
le ofreces tu brazo.
MARSILLA. Si,
armas y riesgo le pido.
OSMIN. Pues bien, dos tropas formadas
con los cautivos estan:
seras el un capitan, 425
el otro Jaime Celladas.
MARSILLA. iJaime esta aqui! Es mi paisano,
es mi amigo.
OSMIN. Si hay combate,
asi tendra su rescate
cada cautivo en la mano. 430
Con ardimiento lidiad.
MARSILLA. ?Quien, de libertad sediento,
no lidia con ardimiento
al grito de libertad!
OSMIN. Cuanto a Zulima....
MARSILLA. Tambien 435
Libre ha de ser.
OSMIN. No debiera;
pero llevesela fuera
de nuestro reino Zaen.
ESCENA VI
ADEL, SOLDADOS MOROS.--MARSILLA, OSMIN
ADEL. Osmin, a palacio van
turbas llegando en tumulto, 440
y Zaen, que estaba oculto,
sale aclamando a Mervan.
Zulima nos ha vendido.
OSMIN. Ya no hay perdon que le alcance.
MARSILLA. Despues de correr el lance, 445
se dispondra del vencido.
Cuando rueda la corona
entre la sangre y el fuego,
primero se triunfa, luego....
OSMIN. Se castiga.
MARSILLA. Se perdona. 450
VOCES (_dentro_). iMuera el tirano!
MARSILLA. iMi espada!
iMi puesto!
OSMIN. Ven, ven a el.
Guarda el torreon, Adel.
ADEL. Ten tu acero. (_Dasele a Marsilla_.)
MARSILLA. iArma anhelada!
iMi diestra te empuna ya! 455
Ella al triunfo te encamina.
Rayo fue de Palestina,
rayo en Valencia sera.
ACTO SEGUNDO
Teruel.--Sala en casa de don Pedro Segura
ESCENA PRIMERA
DON PEDRO, entrando en su casa; MARGARITA, ISABEL y TERESA,
saliendo a recibirle
MARGARITA. iEsposo! (_Arrodillandose_.)
ISABEL. iPadre! (_Arrodillandose_.)
TERESA. iSenor!
PEDRO. iHija! iMargarita! Alzad.
ISABEL. Dadme a besar vuestra mano.
MARGARITA. Dejame el suelo besar
que pisas.
TERESA (_a Margarita_). Vaya, senora, 5
ya es vicio tanta humildad.
PEDRO. Pedazos del corazon,
no es ese vuestro lugar.
Abrazadme. (_Levanta y abraza a las dos_.)
TERESA. Asi me gusta.
Y a mi luego.
PEDRO. Ven aca, 10
fiel Teresa.
TERESA. Fiel y franca,
tengo en ello vanidad.
PEDRO. Ya he vuelto, por fin.
MARGARITA. Dios quiso
mis plegarias escuchar.
PEDRO. Gustoso a Monzon parti, 15
comisionado especial
para ofrecer a don Jaime
las tropas que alistara
nuestra villa de Teruel
en defensa de la paz, 20
que don Sancho y don Fernando
nos quieren arrebatar:
fue don Rodrigo de Azagra,
obsequioso y liberal,
acompanandome al ir, 25
y me acompana al tornar;
mas yo me acordaba siempre
de vosotras con afan.
Triste se quedo Isabel;
mas triste la encuentro.
TERESA. Ya. 30
MARGARITA. iTeresa!
ISABEL. iPadre!
PEDRO. Hija mia,
dime con sinceridad
lo que ha pasado en mi ausencia.
TERESA. Poco tiene que contar.
MARGARITA. iTeresa!
TERESA. Digo bien. ?Es 35
por ventura novedad
que Isabel suspire, y vos (_a Margarita_)
receis, y ayuneis a pan
y agua, y os andeis curando
enfermos por caridad? 40
Es la vida que traeis,
lo menos, quince anos ha....
MARGARITA. Basta.
TERESA. Y hace seis cumplidos
que no se ha visto asomar
en los labios de Isabel 45
ni una sonrisa fugaz.
ISABEL (_aparte_). iAy, mi bien!
TERESA. En fin, senor,
del pobrecillo don Juan
Diego de Marsilla, nada
se sabe.
MARGARITA. Si no callais, 50
venid conmigo.
TERESA. Ir con vos
facil es; pero callar....
(_Vanse Margarita y Teresa. Don Pedro se quita la espada
y la pone sobre un bufete_.)
ESCENA II
DON PEDRO, ISABEL
PEDRO. Mucho me aflige, Isabel,
tu pesadumbre tenaz;
pero, por desgracia, yo 55
no la puedo remediar.
Esclavo de su palabra
es el varon principal;
tengo empenada la mia:
la debo desempenar. 60
En el honor de tu padre
no se vio mancha jamas:
juventud honrada pide
mas honrada ancianidad.
ISABEL. No pretendo yo....
PEDRO. Por otra 65
parte, parece que estan
de Dios ciertas cosas. Oye
un lance bien singular,
y di si no tiene traza
de caso providencial. 70
ISABEL. A ver.
PEDRO. En Teruel vivio
(no se si te acordaras)
un tal Roger de Lizana,
caballero catalan. 75
ISABEL. ?El templario?
PEDRO. Si. Roger
paraba en Monzon. Alla
es voz que penas y culpas
de su libre mocedad
trajeronle una dolencia
de espiritu y corporal, 80
que vino a dejarle casi
mudo, imbecil, incapaz.
Pacifico en su idiotez,
permitianle vagar
libre por el pueblo. Un dia, 85
sobre una dificultad
en mi encargo y sobre como
se debiera de allanar,
don Rodrigo y yo soltamos
palabras de enemistad. 90
Marchose enojado, y yo
exclame al verle marchar:
"?Ha de ser este hombre dueno
de lo que yo quiero mas?
Si la muerte puede sola 95
mi palabra desatar,
lleveme el Senor, y quede
Isabel en libertad."
ISABEL. iOh padre!
PEDRO. En esto, un empuje
tremendo a la puerta dan, 100
se abre, y con punal en mano
entra....
ISABEL. iVirgen del Pilar!
?Quien?
PEDRO. Roger. Llegase a mi,
y en voz pronunciada mal,
"Uno (dijo) de los dos 105
la vida aqui dejara."
ISABEL. Y ?que hicisteis?
PEDRO. Yo, pensando
que bien pudiera quizas
mi muerte impedir alguna
mayor infelicidad, 110
cruce los brazos, y quieto
espere el golpe mortal.
ISABEL. iCielos! ?Y Roger?
PEDRO. Roger
parado al ver mi ademan,
en lugar de acometerme, 115
se fue retirando atras,
mirandome de hito en hito,
llena de terror la faz.
Asio con entrambas manos
el arma por la mitad, 120
y senas distintas hizo
de querermela entregar.
Yo no le atendi, guardando
completa inmovilidad
como antes; y el, con los ojos 125
fijos, y sin menear
los parpados, balbuciente
dijo: "Matadme, salvad
en el hueco de mi tumba
mi secreto criminal." 130
ISABEL. iSu secreto!
PEDRO. En fin, de estarse
tanto sin pestanear,
el, cuyos sentidos eran
la suma debilidad,
se trastorno, cayo; dio 135
la guarnicion del punal
en tierra, le fue la punta
al corazon a parar
al infeliz, y a mis plantas
rindio el aliento vital. 140
Hui con espanto: Azagra,
viniendose a disculpar
conmigo, me hallo; le dije
que no pisaba el umbral
de aquella casa en mi vida; 145
y el, provido y eficaz,
aviso al rey, y mando
el cadaver sepultar.--
Ya ves, hija: por no ir
yo contra tu voluntad, 150
por no cumplir mi palabra,
quise dejarme matar;
y Dios me guardo la vida:
su decreto celestial
es sin duda que esa boda 155
se haga por fin ... --y se hara,
si en tres dias no parece
tu preferido galan.
ISABEL (_aparte_). iAy de el y de mi!
ESCENA III
TERESA.--DON PEDRO, ISABEL
TERESA. Senor,
acaba de preguntar 160
por vos don Martin, el padre
de don Diego.
ISABEL (_aparte_). ?Si sabra?...
TERESA. Como es enemigo vuestro,
le he dejado en el zaguan.
PEDRO. A enemigo noble se abren 165
las puertas de par en par.
Que llegue. (_Vase Teresa_.) Ve con tu
madre.
ISABEL (_aparte_). Ella a sus pies me vera
llorando, hasta que consiga
vencer su severidad. (_Vase_.) 170
ESCENA IV
DON PEDRO
Desafiados quedamos
al tiempo de cabalgar
yo para Monzon: el duelo
llevar a cabo querra.
Bien.--Pero el ha padecido 175
una larga enfermedad.
Si no tiene el brazo firme,
conmigo no lidiara.
ESCENA V
DON MARTIN.--DON PEDRO
MARTIN. Don Pedro Segura, seais bien venido.
PEDRO. Y vos, don Martin Garces de Marsilla, 180
seais bien hallado: tomad una silla.
(_Sientase don Martin, mientras don Pedro va a tomar su
espada_.)
MARTIN. Dejad vuestra espada.
PEDRO (_sentandose_). Con pena he sabido
la grave dolencia que habeis padecido.
MARTIN. Al fin me repuse del todo.
PEDRO. No se....
MARTIN. Domingo Celladas....
PEDRO. iFuerte hombre es, a fe! 185
MARTIN. Pues aun a la barra le gano el partido.
PEDRO. Asi os quiero yo. Desde hoy, elegid
al duelo aplazado seguro lugar.
MARTIN. Don Pedro, yo os tengo primero que hablar.
PEDRO. Hablad en buen hora: ya escucho. Decid. 190
MARTIN. Causo nuestra rina....
PEDRO. La causa omitid:
sabemosla entrambos. Por vos se me dijo
que soy un avaro, y os privo de un hijo.
De honor es la ofensa, precisa la lid.
MARTIN. ?Teneisme por hombre de aliento?
PEDRO. Si tal. 195
Si no lo creyera, con vos no lidiara.
MARTIN. Jamas al peligro le vuelvo la cara.
PEDRO. Si, nuestro combate puede ser igual.
MARTIN. Sera por lo mismo....
PEDRO. Sangriento, mortal.
Ha de perecer uno de los dos. 200
MARTIN. Oid un suceso, feliz para vos...
Feliz para entrambos.
PEDRO. Decidmele. ?Cual?
MARTIN. Tres meses hara que en lecho de duelo
me puso la mano que todo lo guia.
Del riesgo asustada la familia mia 205
quiso en vuestra esposa buscar su consuelo.
Con tino infalible, con provido celo
salud en la villa benefica vierte,
y enfermo en que airada se ceba la muerte,
le salva su mano, bendita del cielo. 210
Con vos irritado, no quise atender
al dulce consejo de amante inquietud.
"No cobre (decia) jamas la salud,
si mano enemiga la debe traer."
Mayor mi teson a mas padecer, 215
la muerte en mi alcoba planto su bandera.
Por fin, una noche... iQue noche tan fiera!
Blasfemo el dolor haciame ser;
pedia una daga con furia tenaz,
rasgar anhelando con ella mi pecho... 220
En esto a mis puertas, y luego a mi lecho,
llego un peregrino, cubierta la faz.
Angel parecia de salud y paz...
Me habla, me consuela, benigno licor
al labio me pone; me alivia el dolor, 225
y parte, y no quiere quitarse el disfraz.
La noche que tuve su postrer visita,
ya restablecido, sus pasos segui.
Cruzo varias calles, viniendo hacia aqui,
y entro en esa ruina de gotica ermita, 230
que a vuestros jardines terminos limita.
Detuvele entonces: el velo cayo,
radiante la luna su rostro alumbro ...
era vuestra esposa.
PEDRO. iEra Margarita!
MARTIN. Confuso un momento, cobreme despues, 235
y viome postrado la noble senora.
--Con tal beneficio, no cabe que ahora
provoque mi mano sangriento reves.
Don Pedro Segura, decid a quien es
deudor este padre de verse con vida, 240
que esta la contienda por mi fenecida.
Tomad este acero, ponedle a sus pies.
(_Da su espada a don Pedro, que la coloca en el bufete_.)
PEDRO. iFeliz yo, que logro el duelo excusar
con vos, por motivo que es tan lisonjero!
Si pronto me hallasteis, por ser caballero, 245
cuidado me daba el ir a lidiar.
Con tal companera, ?quien no ha de arriesgar
con susto la vida que lleva dichosa?
Ella me sera desde hoy mas preciosa,
si ya vuestro amigo quereisme llamar. 250
MARTIN. Amigos seremos. (_Danse las manos_.)
PEDRO. Siempre.
MARTIN. Siempre, si.
PEDRO. Y al cabo, ?que nuevas teneis de don Diego?
En hora menguada, vencido del ruego
de Azagra, la triste palabra le di.
Si antes vuestro hijo se dirige a mi, 255
icuanto ambas familias se ahorran de llanto!
No lo quiso Dios.
MARTIN. Yo su nombre santo
bendigo; mas lloro por lo que perdi.
PEDRO. Pero, ?que...?
MARTIN. Despues de la de Maurel,
donde cayo en manos del Conde Simon, 260
de nadie consigo senal ni razon,
por mas que anhelante pregunto por el.
Cada dia al cielo con suplica fiel
pido que me diga que punto en la tierra
sostienele vivo, o muerto le encierra: 265
mundo y cielo guardan silencio cruel.
PEDRO. El plazo no tuvo su fin todavia.
Piedad atesora inmensa el Eterno:
y mucho me holgara si fuera mi yerno
quien a mi Isabel tan fino queria. 270
Pero si no viene, y cumplese el dia,
y llega la hora ... por mas que me pesa,
me tiene sujeto sagrada promesa:
si fuera posible, no la cumpliria.
MARTIN. Diligencia escasa, fortuna severa 275
parece que en suerte a mi sangre cupo:
quien a la desgracia sujetar no supo,
sufrido se muestre cuando ella le hiera.
Adios.
PEDRO. No han de veros de aquesa manera.
Yo quiero esta espada; la mia tomad
(_Dasela_.) 280
en prenda segura de fiel amistad.
MARTIN. Acepto: un monarca llevarla pudiera.
(_Vase don Martin, y don Pedro le acompana_.)
ESCENA VI
MARGARITA, ISABEL
MARGARITA (_aparte, siguiendo con la vista a los dos que se
retiran_.)
Aunque nada les oi,
deben estar ya los dos
reconciliados.
ISABEL (_que viene tras su madre_). Por Dios, 285
madre, haced caso de mi.
MARGARITA. No; que es repugnancia loca
la que mostrais a un enlace,
que de seguro nos hace
a todos, merced no poca. 290
Noble sois; pero mirad
que quien su amor os consagra
es don Rodrigo de Azagra,
que goza mas calidad,
mas bienes: en Aragon 295
le acatan propios y ajenos,
y muestra, con vos al menos,
apacible condicion.
ISABEL. Vengativo y orgulloso
es lo que me ha parecido. 300
MARGARITA. Vuestro padre le ha creido
digno de ser vuestro esposo.
Prendarse de quien le cuadre
no es licito a una doncella,
ni hay mas voluntad en ella 305
que la que tenga su padre.
Hoy dia, Isabel, asi
se conciertan nuestras bodas:
asi nos casan a todas,
y asi me han casado a mi. 310
ISABEL. ?No hay a los tormentos mios
otro consuelo que dar?
MARGARITA. No me teneis que mentar
vuestros locos amorios.
Yo por delirios no abogo. 315
Idos.
ISABEL. En vano espere.
(_Sollozando al retirarse_.)
MARGARITA. iQue! ?llorais?
ISABEL. Aun no me fue
vedado este desahogo.
MARGARITA. Isabel, si no os escucho,
no me acuseis de rigor. 320
Comprendo vuestro dolor,
y le compadezco mucho;
pero, hija ... cuatro anos ha
que a nadie Marsilla escribe.
Si ha muerto....
ISABEL. iNo, madre, vive!.... 325
Pero ?como vivira?
Tal vez, llorando, en Sion
arrastra por mi cadenas,
quiza gime en las arenas
de la libica region. 330
Con aviso tan funesto
no habra querido afligirme.
Yo trato de persuadirme,
y sin cesar pienso en esto.
Yo me propuse aprender 335
a olvidarle, sospechando
que infiel estaba, gozando
caricias de otra mujer.
Yo escuche de su rival
los acentos desabridos, 340
y logre de mis oidos
que no me sonaran mal.
Pero iay! cuando la razon
iba a proclamarse ufana
vencedora soberana 345
de la rebelde pasion,
al recordar la memoria
un suspiro de mi ausente,
se arruinaba de repente
la fortaleza ilusoria, 350
y con impetu mayor,
tras el combate perdido,
se entraba por mi sentido
a sangre y fuego el amor.
Yo entonces a la virtud 355
nombre daba de falsia,
rabioso llanto vertia,
y hundirme en el ataud
juraba en mi frenesi
antes que rendirme al yugo 360
de ese hombre, fatal verdugo,
genio infernal para mi.
MARGARITA. Por Dios, por Dios, Isabel,
moderad ese delirio:
vos no sabeis el martirio 365
que me haceis pasar con el.
ISABEL. iQue! ?mi audacia os maravilla?
Pero estando ya tan lleno
el corazon de veneno,
fuerza es que rompa su orilla. 370
No a vos, a la piedra inerte
de esa muralla desnuda,
a esa boveda que muda
oyo mi queja de muerte,
a este suelo donde mella 375
pudo hacer el llanto mio,
a no ser tan duro y frio
como alguno que le huella,
para testigos invoco
de mi doloroso afan; 380
que, si alivio no le dan,
no les ofende tampoco.
MARGARITA (_aparte_). ?Quien con animo sereno
la oyera?--El dolor mitiga;
de una madre, de una amiga 385
ven al carinoso seno.
Conoceme, y no te ahuyente
la faz severa que ves:
mascara forzosa es,
que dio el pesar a mi frente; 390
pero tras ella te espera,
para templar tu dolor,
el tierno, indulgente amor
de una madre verdadera.
ISABEL. iMadre mia! (_Abrazanse._)
MARGARITA. Mi ternura 395
te oculte ... porque debi...
iHa quince anos que hay aqui
guardada tanta amargura!
Yo hubiera en tu amor filial
gozado, y gozar no debo
nada ya, desde que llevo 400
el cilicio y el sayal.
ISABEL. iMadre!
MARGARITA. Temi, recele
dar a tu amor incentivo,
y solo por correctivo 405
severidad te mostre;
mas oyendote gemir
cada noche desde el lecho,
y a veces en tu despecho
mis rigores maldecir, 410
yo al Senor, de silencioso
materno llanto hecha un mar,
ofreci mil veces dar
mi vida por tu reposo.
ISABEL. iCielos! iQue revelacion 415
tan grata! iQue injusta he sido!
iQue tanto me habeis querido!
iMadre de mi corazon!
Perdonadme... iQue alborozo
siento, aunque llorar me veis! 420
Seis anos ha, mas de seis,
que tanta dicha no gozo.
Mi desgracia contemplad,
cuando como dicha cuento
que mis penas un momento 425
aplaquen su intensidad.
Pero este rayo que inunda
en viva luz mi alma yerta,
?dejareis que se convierta
en lobreguez mas profunda? 430
Madre, madre, a quien adoro,
el labio os pongo en el pie;
mi aliento aqui exhalare,
si no cedeis a mi lloro. (_Postrase._)
MARGARITA. Levanta, Isabel; enjuga 435
tus ojos; confia.... Si,
cuanto dependa de mi....
ISABEL Ya veis que en rapida fuga
el tiempo desaparece.
Si pasan tres dias, itres!, 440
todo me sobra despues,
toda esperanza fallece.
Mi padre, por no faltar
a la palabra tremenda,
le rendira por ofrenda 445
mi albedrio en el altar.
Vuestras razones imprimen
en su alma la persuasion:
en mi toda reflexion
fuera desacato, crimen. 450
Y yo, senora, lo veo:
podra llevarme a casar;
pero en vez de preparar
las galas del himeneo,
que a tenerme se limite 455
una cruz y una mortaja;
que esta gala y esta alhaja
sera lo que necesite.
MARGARITA. No, no, Isabel: cesa, cesa.
Yo en tu defensa, me empeno: 460
no sera Azagra tu dueno.
yo anulare la promesa.
Me oira tu padre, y tamanos
horrores evitara.
Hoy madre tuya sera 465
quien no lo fue tantos anos.
ESCENA VII
TERESA.--MARGARITA, ISABEL
TERESA. Senoras, don Rodrigo de Azagra pide licencia
para visitaros.
MARGARITA. Hazle entrar. A buen tiempo llega.
(_Vase Teresa_.)
ISABEL. Permitid que yo me retire. 470
MARGARITA. Quedate en la pieza inmediata, y escucha
nuestra conversacion.
ISABEL. ?Que vais a decir?
MARGARITA. Oyelo, y acabaras de hacer justicia a tu
madre. (_Vase Isabel_.) 475
ESCENA VIII
DON RODRIGO.--MARGARITA
MARGARITA. Ilustre don Rodrigo....
RODRIGO. Senora ... al fin nos vemos.
MARGARITA. Honrad mi estrado, ya que la prisa de
venir a mi casa no os ha dejado sosegar en la vuestra.
RODRIGO. Aqui vengo a buscar el sosiego que necesito. 480
(_Sientase_.) ?Que me decis de mi desdenosa?
MARGARITA. ?Me permitireis que hable con toda franqueza?
RODRIGO. Con franqueza pregunto yo.--Hablad.
MARGARITA. Mi esposo os prometio la mano de su 485
hija unica; y, por el, debeis contar de seguro con ella.
Pero la delicadeza de vuestro amor y la elevacion de
vuestro caracter ?se satisfarian con la posesion de una
mujer, cuyo carino no fuese vuestro?
RODRIGO. El corazon de Isabel no es ahora mio, lo 490
se; pero Isabel es virtuosa, es el espejo de las doncellas:
cumplira lo que jure, apreciara mi rendida fe, y sera el
ejemplo de las casadas.
MARGARITA. Mirad que su afecto a Marsilla no se ha
disminuido. 495
RODRIGO. No me inspira celos un rival, cuyo paradero
se ignora, cuya muerte, para mi, es indudable.
MARGARITA. ?Y si volviese aun? ?Y si antes de
cumplirse el termino, se presentara tan enamorado como
se fue, y con aumentos muy considerables de hacienda? 500
RODRIGO. Mal haria en aparecer ni antes ni despues de
mis bodas. El prometio renunciar a Isabel, si no se
enriquecia en seis anos; pero yo nada he prometido. Si
vuelve, uno de los dos ha de quedar solo junto a Isabel.
La mano que pretendemos ambos, no se compra con oro; 505
se gana con hierro, se paga con sangre.
MARGARITA. Vuestro lenguaje no es muy reverente
para usado en esta casa, y conmigo; pero os le perdono,
porque me perdoneis la pesadumbre que voy a daros.
Yo, noble don Rodrigo, yo que hasta hoy consenti en 510
vuestro enlace con Isabel, he visto por ultimo que de el
iba a resultar su desgracia y la vuestra. Tengo, pues, que
deciros, como cristiana y madre; tengo que suplicaros por
nuestro Senor y nuestra Senora, que desistais de un empeno,
ya poco distante de la temeridad. 515
RODRIGO. Ese empeno es publico, hace muchos anos
que dura, y se ha convertido para mi en caso de honor.
Es imposible que yo desista. No os opongais a lo que
no podreis impedir.
MARGARITA. Aunque habeis desairado mi ruego, tal 520
vez no le desaire mi esposo.
RODRIGO. Mucho alcanzais con el: adora en vos, y lo
mereceis, porque ha quince anos que os empleais en la
caridad y la penitencia... Pero ... ?os ha contado
ya la muerte de Roger de Lizana? 525
MARGARITA. iComo! ?Roger ha muerto?
RODRIGO. Si, loco y mudo, segun estaba; desgraciadamente,
segun merecia; y a los pies de don Pedro, como
era justo.
MARGARITA. iCielos! Nada sabia de ese infeliz. 530
RODRIGO. Ese infeliz era muy delincuente, era el
corruptor de una dama ilustre.
MARGARITA. iDon Rodrigo!
RODRIGO. La esposa mas respetable entre las de
Teruel. 535
MARGARITA. Por compasion.... Si Roger ha
muerto....
RODRIGO. Casi espiro en mis brazos. Yo tendi sobre
el feretro su cadaver, yo halle sobre su corazon unas
cartas.... 540
MARGARITA. iCartas!
RODRIGO. De mujer ... cinco ... sin firma todas.
Pero yo os las presentare, y vos me direis quien las ha
escrito.
MARGARITA. iCallad! icallad! 545
RODRIGO. Si no, acudire a vuestro esposo: bien
conoce la letra.
MARGARITA. iNo! iDadmelas, rompedlas, quemadlas!
RODRIGO. Se os entregaran; pero Isabel me ha de
entregar a mi su mano primero. 550
MARGARITA. iOh!
RODRIGO. Dios os guarde, senora.
MARGARITA. Deteneos, oidme.
RODRIGO. Para que os oiga, venid a verlas. (_Vase_.)
MARGARITA. Escuchad, escuchadme. (_Vase tras don 555
Rodrigo_.)
ESCENA IX
ISABEL, y despues TERESA
ISABEL. ?Que es lo que oi? No lo he comprendido,
no quiero comprender ese misterio horrible: solo entiendo
que de infeliz he pasado a mas. (_Sale Teresa_.)
TERESA. Senora, un joven extranjero ha llegado a 560
casa pidiendo que se le dejara descansar un rato....
ISABEL. Recibele ... dejame.
TERESA. Ya se le recibio, y le han agasajado con vino
y magras; por senas que nada de ello ha probado, como
si fuera moro o judio. Aparte de esto, es muy lindo 563
muchacho: he trabado conversacion con el, y dice que
viene de Palestina.
ISABEL. ?De Palestina?
TERESA. Yo me acorde al punto del pobre don Diego.
--Como os figurais que debe estar por alla.... 570
ISABEL. Si. Llamale pronto. (_Vase Teresa_.) iVirgen
piadosa! iQue haya sido sueno lo que pienso que oi!
iOh! Pensemos en el que viene de Palestina.
ESCENA X
ZULIMA, en traje de noble aragones, TERESA.--ISABEL
ZULIMA. El cielo os guarde.
ISABEL. Y a vos
tambien.
ZULIMA (_aparte_.) Mi rival es esta.
ISABEL. Mejor podeis descansar 575
en esta sala que fuera.
TERESA. Este mancebo, senora,
viene de lejanas tierras,
de Jerusalem, de Jope,
de Belen ... y de Judea. 580
ISABEL. ?Cierto?
ZULIMA. Si.
TERESA. Y ha conocido
alla gente aragonesa.
ZULIMA. Un caballero trate
de Teruel.
ISABEL. ?Cual? ?Quien? ?Quien era?
?Su nombre?
ZULIMA. Diego Marsilla. 585
ISABEL. iOs trajo Dios a mi puerta!--
?Donde le dejais?
TERESA. Entonces,
?era ya rico?
ZULIMA. Una herencia
cuantiosa le dejaron
alli.
ISABEL. Pero ?donde queda? 590
ZULIMA. Hace poco era cautivo
del Rey moro de Valencia.
ISABEL. iCautivo! iInfeliz!
ZULIMA. No tanto.
La esposa del Rey, la bella
Zulima, le amo.
ISABEL. ?Le amo? 595
ZULIMA. iSi! imucho!
TERESA. iQue desvergueenza!
ISABEL. Y ?que? ? No viene por eso
Marsilla donde le esperan?
TERESA. ?Se ha vuelto moro quiza?
ZULIMA (_aparte_). Ya que padeci, padezca. 600
Finjamos.
ISABEL. Hablad.
ZULIMA. No es facil
resistir a una princesa
hermosa y amante: al fin
Marsilla, para con ella,
era un miserable.
TERESA. Pero
vamos, acabad.... 605
ISABEL (_aparte_.) Apenas
vivo.
ZULIMA. El Rey llego a saber
lo que pasaba; la Reina
pudo escapar, protegida
por un bandido, cabeza 610
de la cuadrilla temible
que hoy anda por aqui cerca;
y Marsilla....
ISABEL. ?Que?
ZULIMA. Rogad
a Dios que le favorezca.
ISABEL. iHa muerto! iJesus, valedme! 615
(_Desmayase_.)
TERESA. iIsabel! iIsabel!--iBuena
la habeis hecho!
ZULIMA. (_aparte_.) Sabe amar
esta cristiana de veras;
yo se mas, yo se vengarme.
TERESA. iSenora!--iPaula! iJimena! 620
(_A Zulima_.)
Buscad agua, llamad gente.
ZULIMA (_aparte_.)
Salgamos.--Con esta nueva,
se casara. (_Vase_.)
TERESA. iDios confunda
la boca ruin que nos cuenta
noticia tan triste!... Pero 625
un projimo que no prueba
cerdo ni vino, ?que puede
dar de si?
(_Salen dos criadas que traen agua_.)
Pronto aqui, lerdas.
?Donde estabais? A ver: dadme
el agua.
ISABEL. iAy, Dios! iAy, Teresa! 630
ESCENA XI
MARGARITA.--ISABEL, TERESA, CRIADAS
MARGARITA. ?Que sucede?
ISABEL. iAy, madre mia!
Ya no es posible que venga.
Murio.
MARGARITA. ?Quien? ?Marsilla?
TERESA. ?Quien
ha de ser?
ISABEL. Y ha muerto en pena
de serme infiel.
TERESA. Una mora, 635
que dicen que no era fea,
la esposa del reyezuelo
valenciano, buena pieza
sin duda, nos le quito.
ISABEL. iEn esto paran aquellas 640
ilusiones de ventura
que alimentaba risuena!
Conmigo nacieron iay!...
se van, y el alma se llevan.
Ese infausto mensajero, 645
?donde esta? Dile que vuelva.
MARGARITA. Si: yo le preguntare....
TERESA. Pues como nos de respuestas
por el estilo.... Seguidme.
(_Vanse Teresa y las criadas_.)
ESCENA XII
MARGARITA, ISABEL
ISABEL. ?Quien figurarse pudiera 650
que me olvidara Marsilla?
iQue sonrojo! iQue vileza!
Pero ?como ha sido, como
fue que no lo presintiera
mi corazon? No es verdad: 655
imposible que lo sea.
Se engano, si lo creyo,
la sultana de Valencia.
Solo por volar a mi,
quebrantando sus cadenas, 660
dejo sonar a la mora
con esa falaz idea.
Martir de mi amor ha sido,
que desde el cielo en que reina,
de su martirio me pide 665
la debida recompensa.
Yo se la dare leal,
yo defendere mi diestra:
viuda del primer amor
he de bajar a la huesa. 670
Llorar libremente quiero
lo que de vivir me resta,
sin que pueda hacer ninguno
de mis lagrimas ofensa.
No he de ser esposa yo 675
de Azagra: primero muerta.
MARGARITA. ?Tendras valor para?...
ISABEL. Si,
mi desgracia me le presta.
MARGARITA. ?Y si te manda tu padre?...
ISABEL. Dire que no.
MARGARITA. Si te ruega.... 680
ISABEL. No.
MARGARITA. Si amenaza....
ISABEL. Mil veces
no. Podran en hora buena,
de los cabellos asida,
arrastrarme hasta la iglesia,
podran maltratar mi cuerpo, 685
cubrirle de aspera jerga,
emparedarme en un claustro,
donde lentamente muera:
todo esto podran, si; pero
lograr que diga mi lengua 690
un si perjuro, no.
MARGARITA. Bien,
bien. Tu valor ... me consuela.
(_Aparte_. Nada oyo: mas vale asi.
La culpa, no la inocencia
debe padecer.) Ten siempre 695
esa misma fortaleza,
y no te dejes vencer,
suceda lo que suceda.
Matrimonio sin carino
crimenes tal vez engendra. 700
Yo se de alguna infeliz
que dio su mano violenta...
y ... despues de larga lucha ...
desmintio su vida honesta.
Muchos anos lleva ya 705
de dolor y penitencia...
Y al fin le toca morir,
de oprobrio justo cubierta.
ISABEL. iAh, madre! ?Que dije yo?
Me olvide, con esa nueva, 710
de otra desdicha tan grande
que a mi desdicha supera.
MARGARITA. iNo te cases, Isabel!
ISABEL. Si, madre: mi vida es vuestra:
darosla me manda Dios, 715
lo manda naturaleza.
MARGARITA. iHija!
ISABEL. Por fortuna mia,
Marsilla al morir me deja
el corazon sin amor
y sin lugar donde prenda. 720
Por mas fortuna, Marsilla
de mi se olvido en la ausencia,
y puso en otra mujer
el amor que me debiera.
Por dicha mayor, Azagra 725
es de condicion soberbia,
celoso, iracundo: asi
mis lagrimas y querellas
insufribles le seran;
querra que yo las contenga; 730
no podre, se irritara,
y me matara.
MARGARITA. iMe aterras,
hija, me matas a mi!
ISABEL. Tengo yo cartas que lea:
puede encontrarmelas.
MARGARITA. iOh! 735
Si como las tuyas fueran
otras....
ISABEL. Y tengo un retrato
en esta joya. (_Saca un relicario_.)
?Son esas
sus facciones? Pues sabed
que, sin estudio ni regla, 740
de amor guiada la mano,
al primer ensayo diestra,
yo supe dar a ese rostro
semejanza tan perfecta.
Me sirvio para suplir 745
de Marsilla la presencia;
no le necesito ya:
mas vale que no le vea.
iAh! dejadme que le bese
una vez ... la ultima es esta. 750
Tomad. ?Veis? el sacrificio
consumo, y estoy serena,
tranquila ... como la tumba.
Imitad vos mi entereza,
mi calma ... y no me digais 755
una palabra siquiera.
De mi vuestra fama pende:
la conservareis ilesa.
Yo me casare: no importa,
no importa lo que me cuesta. (_Vase_.) 760
ESCENA XIII
MARGARITA
MARGARITA. Y ?debo yo consentir
que la inocente Isabel,
por mi egoismo cruel,
se ofrezca mas que a morir?
Pero ?como he de sufrir 765
que, perdida mi opinion,
me llame todo Aragon
hipocrita y vil mujer?
Mala madre me hace ser
mi buena reputacion.
A todo me resignara
con animo ya contrito,
si al saberse mi delito,
yo sola me deshonrara.
Pero a mi esposo manchara 775
con ignominia mayor.
iHija infeliz en amor!
iHija desdichada mia!
Perdona la tirania
de las leyes del honor. 780
ACTO TERCERO
Retrete o gabinete de Isabel. Dos puertas.
ESCENA PRIMERA
ISABEL, TERESA
Aparece ISABEL, ricamente vestida, sentada en un sillon junto a una
mesa, sobre la cual hay un espejo de mano, hecho de metal. TERESA
esta acabando de adornar a su ama.
TERESA. ?Que os parece el tocado? Nada, ni me
oye. Que os mireis os digo; tomad el espejo. (_Se le da
a Isabel, que maquinalmente le toma, y deja caer la mano sin
mirarse_.) A esotra puerta. Miren ique trazas estas de
novia!--Ved ique preciosa gargantilla voy a poneros! 5
(_Isabel inclina la cabeza_.) Pero alzad la cabeza, Isabel.
Si esto es amortajar a un difunto.
ISABEL. iMarsilla!
TERESA. (_Aparte._ Dios le haya perdonado.) Ea, se
concluyo. Bien estais. Ello, si, me habeis hecho perder 10
la paciencia treinta veces.
ISABEL. iMadre mia!
TERESA. Si echais menos a mi senora, ya os he dicho
que no esta en casa, porque para ella, la caridad es antes
que todo. El juez de este ano, Domingo Celladas, tenia 15
un hijo en tierra de infieles: Jaime, ya le conoceis. Hoy,
sin que hubiese noticia de que viniera, se le han encontrado
en el camino de Valencia unos mercaderes, herido y
sin conocimiento. Por un rastro de sangre que iba a parar
a un hoyo, se ha comprendido que debieron echarle 20
dentro; y se cree que hasta poder salir, habra estado en
el hoyo quiza mas de un dia, porque las heridas no son
recientes. Vuestra madre ha sido llamada para asistirle;
me ha encargado que os aderece; os he puesto hecha una
imagen; y ni siquiera he logrado que deis una mirada al 25
vestido, para ver si os gusta.
ISABEL. Si: es el ultimo.
TERESA. iEl dulcisimo nombre de Jesus! No lo
quiera Dios, Isabelita de mi alma: no lo querra Dios;
antes os hara tan dichosa como vos mereceis. Pero 30
salid de ese abatimiento: mirad que ya van a venir
los convidados a la boda, y es menester no darles que decir.
ISABEL (_con sobresalto_). ?Que hora es ya?
TERESA. No tardaran en tocar a visperas ahi al lado,
en San Pedro. Es la hora en que salio de Teruel don 35
Diego; y hasta que pase, mi senor no se considera libre
de su promesa.
ISABEL. Si, a esa hora, a esa hora misma partio ...
para nunca volver. En este aposento, alli, delante de ese
balcon estaba yo, llorando sobre mi labor, como ahora 40
sobre mis galas. Continuamente miraba a la calle por
donde habia de pasar, para verle; ahora no miro: no
le vere. Por alli vino, dirigiendo el fogoso alazan, ensenado
a parase bajo mis balcones. Por alli vino, vestida
la cota, la lanza en la mano, al brazo la banda, ultimo don 45
de mi carino. "Hasta la dicha o hasta la tumba," me dijo.
"Tuya o muerta," le dije yo; y cai sin aliento en el balcon
mismo, tendidas las manos hacia la mitad de mi alma que
se ausentaba.--iSuya o muerta! Y voy a dar la mano a
Rodrigo. iBien cumplo mi palabra! 50
TERESA. Hija mia, desechad esas ideas. Yo ?que
os he de decir para consolaros? Que os he visto nacer,
que habeis jugado en mis brazos y en mis rodillas ... y
que diera yo porque recobraseis la paz del alma y fuerais
feliz iay!, diera yo todos los dias que me faltan que vivir, 55
menos uno para verlo.
ISABEL. ?Feliz, Teresa? Con este vestido, ?como
he de ser feliz? iPesa tanto, me ahoga tanto!...
Quitamele, Teresa. (_Levantandose_.)
TERESA. Senora, que viene don Rodrigo. 60
ISABEL. iDon Rodrigo! Busca pronto a mi madre.
(_Vase Teresa_.)
ESCENA II
DON RODRIGO.--ISABEL
RODRIGO. Mis ojos por fin os ven
a solas, angel hermoso.
Siempre un amargo desden
y un recato rigoroso 65
me han privado de este bien.
--Tremula estais: ocupad
la silla.
ISABEL. iAnte mi senor!
RODRIGO. Esclavo direis mejor.
Soberana es la beldad 70
en el reino del amor.
ISABEL. iMentida soberania!
RODRIGO. De mi rendimiento fiel,
que dudarais no creia.
iSi a conocer, Isabel, 75
llegaseis el alma mia!...
ISABEL. ?Para que? Senas ha dado
que indican su indole bella.
RODRIGO. Mi destino desastrado
solo mostrar me ha dejado 80
lo deforme que hay en ella.
Un Azagra conoceis
orgulloso y vengativo;
y otro por fin hallareis
que en vuestro rigor esquivo 85
figuraros no podeis.
El Azagra que os adora,
el Azagra para vos,
aun no le visteis, senora;
y nos conviene a los dos 90
una explicacion ahora.
ISABEL. Mis padres pueden mandar,
yo tengo que obedecer,
nada pretendo saber:
hiciera bien en callar 95
quien ha logrado vencer.
RODRIGO. El vencedor, que aparece
lleno ante vos de amargura,
manifestaros ofrece
que sabe lo que merece 100
dona Isabel de Segura.
Os vi, y en vos admire
virtud y belleza rara:
digno de vos me juzgue,
y uniros a mi jure, 105
costara lo que costara.
Maldicion mas espantosa
no pudo echarme jamas
una lengua venenosa
que decir: no lograras 110
hacer a Isabel tu esposa.
Lidiare, si es necesario,
por ella con todo el orbe,
clamaba yo de ordinario.
iInfeliz el que me estorbe, 115
competidor o contrario!
En mi celoso furor
cabe hasta lo que denigre
mi calidad y mi honor.
Amo con ira de tigre ... 120
porque es muy grande mi amor.
--No el vuestro, tan delicado,
me pinteis para mi mengua:
quiza no lo haya expresado
en seis anos vuestra lengua, 125
sin que me lo hayan contado.
Cuantas cartas escribio
Marsilla ausente, lei:
el su retrato no vio,
yo si: junto a vos aqui 130
siempre tuve un guarda yo.
Ha sido mi ocupacion
observaros noche y dia;
y abandonaba a Monzon
siempre que lo permitia 135
la marcial obligacion.
Viendoos al balcon sentada
por las noches a la luna,
mi fatiga era pagada:
jamas fue mujer ninguna 140
de amante mas respetada.
Para romper mis prisiones,
para defectos hallaros,
fueron mis indagaciones;
y siempre para adoraros 145
encontre nuevas razones.
Seducido el pensamiento
de lisonjeros enganos,
un favorable momento
espero hace ya seis anos, 150
y aun llegado no lo cuento.
Pero, por dicha, quiza
no deba estar muy distante.
ISABEL. iQue! ?Pensais que cesara
mi pasion, muerto mi amante? 155
No, lo que yo vivira.
RODRIGO. Pues bien, amad, Isabel,
y decidlo sin reparo;
que con ese amor tan fiel,
aunque a mi me cueste caro, 160
nunca me hallareis cruel.
Mas si ese afecto amoroso,
cuya expresion no limito,
mantener os es forzoso,
yo, mi bien, yo necesito 165
el nombre de vuestro esposo.
No mas que el nombre, y concluyo
de desear y pedir:
todas mis dichas incluyo
en la dicha de decir: 170
"Me tienen por dueno suyo."
Separada habitacion,
distinto lecho tendreis....
?Quereis mas separacion?
Vos en Teruel vivireis, 175
yo en la corte de Aragon.
?Temeis que la soledad
bajo mi techo os consuma?
Vuestros padres os llevad
con vos: mudareis en suma 180
de casa y de vecindad.
Nunca sin vuestra licencia
vere esos divinos ojos....
iAy! dadmela con frecuencia.
Si os oprimen los enojos, 185
hablad, y mi diligencia
ya un festin, ya una batida,
ya un torneo dispondra.
Si llorais.... iPrenda querida!
cuando lloreis, ?que os dira 190
quien no ha llorado en su vida?
Miseros ambos, hacer
con la indulgencia podemos
menor nuestro padecer.
Ahora, aunque nos casemos, 195
?me podreis aborrecer?
ISABEL. iDon Rodrigo! iDon Rodrigo! (_Sollozando_.)
RODRIGO. ?Llorais? ?Es porque me muestro
digno de ser vuestro amigo?
?No sufri del odio vuestro 200
bastante el duro castigo?
ISABEL. iOh! no, no: mi corazon
palpitar de odio no sabe.
RODRIGO. Ni al mirar vuestra afliccion
hay fuerza en mi que no acabe 205
rindiendose a discrecion.
Es ya el caso de manera
que el infausto desposorio
viene a ser obligatorio
para ambos: lo demas fuera 210
dar escandalo notorio.
Pero el amor que os consagro,
se ha vuelto a vos tan propicio,
que si Dios en su alto juicio
quiere obrar hoy un milagro ... 215
contad con un sacrificio.
Ayer, si resucitara
mi aciago rival Marsilla,
sin compasion le matara,
y sin limpiar la cuchilla, 220
corriera con vos al ara.
Hoy, resucitado o no,
si antes que me deis el si,
viene ... que triunfe de mi.
ISABEL. iVos, si que triunfais asi 225
de esta debil mujer!
(_El llanto le ahoga la voz por unos instantes; luego, al ver a
don Pedro y a los que le acompanan, se contiene, exclamando_:)
iOh!
ESCENA III
DON PEDRO, DON MARTIN, DAMAS, CABALLEROS, PAJES.--
ISABEL, DON RODRIGO. Despues, TERESA
PEDRO. Hijos, el sacerdote que ha de bendecir vuestra
union, ya nos esta esperando en la iglesia. Tanto mis
deudos como los de Azagra me instan a que apresure la
ceremonia; pero aun no ha fenecido el plazo que otorgue 230
a don Diego. Al toque de visperas de un domingo, salio
de su patria el malogrado joven, seis anos y siete dias
hace: hasta que suene aquella senal en mi oido, no tengo
libertad para disponer de mi hija. (_A don Martin._)
Porque veais de que modo cumplo mi promesa, os he rogado 235
que vinierais aqui.
MARTIN. iInutil escrupulosidad! No os detengais.
No rompera mi hijo el seno de la tierra para reconveniros.
ISABEL (_aparte_). iInfeliz!
PEDRO. Fiel a lo que jure me vera desde el tumulo, 240
cual me hallaria viviendo. (_Sale Teresa_.)
RODRIGO. Isabel deseara la compania de su madre:
pudieramos pasar por casa del Juez....
TERESA. Ahora empezaba el herido a volver en su
conocimiento. Si antes de visperas no se halla mi senora 245
en la iglesia, es senal de que no puede asistir a los desposorios:
esto me ha dicho.
PEDRO. La esperaremos en el templo. (_A don Martin._)
Si la pesadumbre os permite acompanarnos, venid....
MARTIN. Excusadme el presenciar un acto que debe 250
serme tan doloroso.
PEDRO. Estad seguro de que mientras no oigais las
campanas, no habra dado su mano Isabel. Estos
caballeros podran atestiguar que se espero hasta el cabal
vencimiento del plazo. Marchemos. 255
ISABEL (_aparte_). iMorada de mi pasado bien, adios
para siempre!
(_Vanse todos, menos don Martin._)
ESCENA IV
DON MARTIN
MARTIN. Con pena, con celos veo yo a Isabel dirigirse
al altar. Hubo un tiempo en que la tuve por hija: hoy
me quitan su filial carino, y ella consiente. Pero ?que 260
falta hace al misero cadaver de mi hijo la constancia de la
que el amo? Si su sombra necesita lagrimas, bien se
puede satisfacer con las mias.
ESCENA V
ADEL.--DON MARTIN
ADEL. Cristiano, busco a Martin Marsilla, que esta
aqui, segun se me dice. ?Eres tu? 265
MARTIN. Yo soy.
ADEL. ?Que sabes de tu hijo?
MARTIN. iMoro!... su muerte.
ADEL. Esa noticia ... ?quien la ha traido?
MARTIN. Un joven forastero. 270
ADEL. ?En donde para?
MARTIN. Apenas se detuvo en Teruel: yo no pude
verle.
ADEL. ?Que ha pasado con Jaime Celladas?
MARTIN. Le han herido gravemente al llegar a la villa: 275
en su lecho yace todavia sin voz ni conocimiento.
ADEL. Luego ?tu nada sabes?
MARTIN. ?Que vas a decirme?
ADEL. Acabo de averiguar que, disfrazada con traje
de hombre, ha entrado en Teruel Zulima, la esposa del 280
Amir de Valencia.
MARTIN. ?La que fue causa de la perdida de mi hijo?
ADEL. El la desdeno, y ella se ha vengado mintiendo.
MARTIN. ?Mintiendo?
ADEL. iAnciano! Bendice al Senor: aun eres padre. 285
MARTIN. iDios poderoso!
ADEL. Tu hijo libro de un asesinato perfido al Amir
de Valencia, y el Amir le ha colmado de riquezas y honores.
Herido en un combate, no se le permitio caminar hasta reponerse.
Jaime venia delante para anunciar su vuelta. 290
Sigueme, y no parare hasta poner a Marsilla en tus brazos.
(_Vase_.)
MARTIN (_alzando las manos al cielo, arrebatado de
jubilo_). iSenor! iSenor!
ESCENA VI
MARGARITA.--DON MARTIN
MARGARITA (_dentro_). iIsabel! iIsabel! (_Sale y repara
en don Martin, que se retiraba con Adel_.) Don Martin.... 295
MARTIN (_deteniendose_). Margarita, sabedlo....
MARGARITA. Sabedlo el primero. Jaime Celladas....
MARTIN. Ese moro que veis....
MARGARITA. Ha vuelto en si.
MARTIN. Viene de Valencia. 300
MARGARITA. Jaime tambien.
MARTIN. Vive mi hijo.
MARGARITA. Lo ha dicho Jaime. Corred, impedid
ese casamiento. (_Oyese el toque de visperas_.)
MARTIN. iAh! ya es tarde. 305
MARGARITA. iDios ha rechazado mi sacrificio!
MARTIN. iHijo infeliz!
MARGARITA. iHija de mis entranas! (_Vase_.)
ESCENA VII
Bosque inmediato a Teruel
MARSILLA, atado a un arbol
Infames bandoleros,
que me habeis a traicion acometido, 310
venid y ensangrentad vuestros aceros:
la muerte ya por compasion os pido.
--Nadie llega, de nadie soy oido;
vuelve el eco mis voces, y parece
que goza en mi dolor y me escarnece. 315
Me adelante a la escolta que traia:
su lento caminar me consumia.
Yo vengo con amor, ellos con oro.
--Enemigos villanos,
los ricos dones del monarca moro 320
no como yo daran en vuestras manos:
tienen quien los defienda.
Pero las horas pasan, huye el dia.
?Que vas a imaginar, Isabel mia?
?Que pensaras, idolatrada prenda, 325
si esperando abrazar al triste Diego,
corrido el plazo ves, y yo no llego?
Mas por Jaime avisados
en mi casa estaran: pronto, azorados
con mi tardanza.... Si, ya se aproxima 330
gente. ?Quien es?
ESCENA VIII
ZULIMA, en traje de hombre.--MARSILLA
ZULIMA. Yo soy.
MARSILLA. iCielos! iZulima!
iTu aqui! (_Aparte._ iPresagio horrendo!)
ZULIMA. Vecinos de Teruel vienen corriendo
a quienes mas que a mi toca librarte:
yo solo en esta parte 335
me debo detener mientras te digo
que Isabel es mujer de don Rodrigo.
MARSILLA. iGran Dios!--Mas no: me enganas,
impostora.
ZULIMA. Zaen, que llega de Teruel ahora,
Zaen ha visto dar aquella mano 340
tan ansiada por ti.
MARSILLA. Finges en vano.
Tu ignoras que mi proxima llegada
previno un mensajero.
ZULIMA. Tu no sabes que un tirador certero
supo dejar tu prevision burlada, 345
saliendole al camino al mensajero.
Yo hable con Isabel, yo de tu muerte
la noticia le di, y a los bandidos
encargue que tu viaje detuvieran.
Yo, celebradas de Isabel las bodas, 350
te las vengo a anunciar.
MARSILLA. ?Con que es ya tarde?
ZULIMA. Mirame, bien, y dudalo si puedes.
Inutiles mercedes
el Rey te prodigo: mas he podido,
profuga yo, que mi real marido. 355
Yo mi amor te ofreci, bienes y honores,
y te inmole mi fe y el ser que tengo;
tu preferiste ingrato mis rencores:
me ofendiste cruel, cruel me vengo.
Adios: en mi partida 360
te dejo por ahora con la vida,
mientras padeces en el duro potro
de ver a tu Isabel en brazos de otro. (_Vase_.)
ESCENA IX
MARSILLA
MARSILLA. Monstruo, por cuya voz ruge el abismo,
vuelve y di que es engano 365
todo lo que te oi. (_Forceja para desatarse_.)
Lazos crueles,
?como me resistis? iLigan cordeles
al que hierros quebro! ?No soy el mismo?
iAh! no. Mujer fatal, cortos instantes
me quedan que vivir, si no has mentido; 370
pero ipermita Dios que mueras antes!
ESCENA X
ADEL, pasando por una altura.--MARSILLA
ADEL. Rumor aqui he sentido.
Atraviesan el valle bandoleros
con Zulima a caballo.
Yo, cueste lo que cueste, 375
la tengo de prender: voy a ver si hallo
cerca mis companeros.
MARSILLA. ?Quien va?
ADEL. Marsilla es este. (_A voces_.)
Aqui! iPor este lado, caballeros! (_Vase_.)
ESCENA XI
DON MARTIN, CABALLEROS, CRIADOS.--MARSILLA
MARTIN (_dentro_.) El es.
MARSILLA. iMi padre!
VOCES (_dentro_.) El es.
MARSILLA. iPadre!
MARTIN (_dentro_.) iHijo mioi 380
Subid, corred, volad: libradle pronto.
(_Salen caballeros y criados_.)
MARSILLA. Desatadme, decidme....
(_Desatan a Marsilla_.)
MARTIN (_saliendo_.) iHijo querido!
MARSILLA. iPadre!
MARTIN. Por fin te halle.
MARSILLA. Decid.... ?Es tarde?
Yo quisiera dudar ... mi mal ?es cierto?
MARTIN. Respondante las lagrimas que vierto. 385
Hijo del alma, a quien su hierro ardiente
la desgracia al nacer marco en la frente,
tu triste padre, que por verte vive,
con dolor en sus brazos te recibe.
?Quien tu llegada ha retardado?
MARSILLA. El cielo ... 390
el inferno ... no se ... facinerosos ...
una mujer ... dejadme.
MARTIN. ?La Sultana?
?Esos bandidos que cobardes huyen
de los guerreros que conmigo traje?--
?Te han herido?
MARSILLA. iOjala!
MARTIN ?Te han despojado? 395
MARSILLA. Nada he perdido: la esperanza solo.
MARTIN. iSuerte cruel! Cuando el fatal sonido
de la campana termino ponia....
MARSILLA. iEsa tigre anuncio la muerte mia!
MARTIN. ?Lo sabes?
MARSILLA. De ella.
MARTIN. iHorror! Entonces era 400
cuando Jaime, el sentido recobrando,
la traidora noticia desmentia.
Corro al templo a saber.... Miro, enmudezco....
iEran esposos ya! Tu bien perdiste...
Dios lo ha querido asi... Pero aun te quedan 405
padres que lloren tu destino triste.
MARSILLA. El ajeno dolor no quita el mio.
?Con que llenais el horrido vacio
que el alma siente, de su bien privada?
iPadre! sin Isabel, para Marsilla 410
no hay en el mundo nada.
Por eso en mi doliente desvario
sed barbara de sangre me devora.
Verterla a rios para hartarme quiero,
y cuando mas que derramar no tenga, 415
la de mis venas soltara mi acero.
MARTIN. Hijo, modera ese furor.
MARSILLA. ?Quien osa
hijo llamarme ya? iFuera ese nombre!
La desventura quiebra
los vinculos del hombre con el hombre, 420
y con la vida y la virtud. Ahora,
que tiemble mi rival, tiemble la mora.
Breve sera su victorioso alarde:
para acabar con ambos aun no es tarde.
MARTIN. iDesgraciado! ?que intentas?
MARSILLA. Con el crimen 423
el crimen castigar. Una serpiente
se me enreda en los pies: mi pie destroce
su garganta infernal. Un enemigo
me aparta de Isabel: desaparezca.
MARTIN. Hijo....
MARSILLA. Perecera
MARTIN. No....
MARSILLA. iMaldecido 430
mi nombre sea, si la sangre odiosa
de mi rival no vierto!
MARTIN. Es poderoso....
MARSILLA. Marsilla soy.
MARTIN. Mil deudos le acompanan....
MARSILLA. Mi furia a mi.
MARTIN. Merezcate respeto
ese lazo....
MARSILLA. Es sacrilego, es aleve. 435
MARTIN. En presencia de Dios formado ha sido.
MARSILLA. Con mi presencia queda destruido.
ACTO CUATRO
Habitacion de Isabel en la casa de don Rodrigo. Dos puertas a la
izquierda del espectador, una en el fondo, y una ventana sin reja a la
derecha.
ESCENA PRIMERA
DON PEDRO, DON MARTIN
PEDRO. Ya ceso la voceria.
MARTIN. Ya se tranquiliza el pueblo.
Zaen en la carcel queda
con los demas bandoleros.
PEDRO. Milagro ha sido salvarlos 5
mayor que lo fue prenderlos.
MARTIN. Y no los prenden quiza,
si no acuden tan a tiempo
los moros que de Valencia
con los regalos vinieron 10
de su Rey para mi hijo.
iRegalos ya sin provecho!
iCastigue Dios a quien tiene
la culpa!
PEDRO. iOh! lo hara.--Primero
que vayamos esta noche 15
los dos al Ayuntamiento,
donde ya deben hallarse
juntos el Juez y mi yerno,
?tendreis, don Martin, a bien
que los dos conferenciemos 20
un rato?
MARTIN. Hablad.
PEDRO. Aqui esta
Zulima.
MARTIN. Bien me dijeron
los moros.
PEDRO. En esta calle
arremetio con los presos
un tropel de gente; y ella, 25
puesta en libertad en medio
del tumulto, se arrojo
por estas puertas adentro.
MARTIN. Confesad que don Rodrigo
la salvo.
PEDRO. No lo confieso ... 30
porque no lo vi.
MARTIN Yo, en suma,
no dire que fue mal hecho:
el debe a la mora estar
agradecido en extremo:
por ella logra la mano 35
de Isabel.
PEDRO. Resentimiento
justo mostrais; pero yo,
que he sido enemigo vuestro,
necesito de vos hoy.
MARTIN. Aqui me teneis, don Pedro. 40
PEDRO. Sois quien sois.--Esa mujer
nos pone en terrible aprieto.
Ya veis, los moros reclaman
su entrega con mucho empeno.
MARTIN. Y mientras el Juez resuelve, 45
cercada se ve por ellos
esta casa.
PEDRO. Y bien, ?quisierais
que entre vos y yo de un riesgo
libraramos a Teruel?
MARTIN. Crimen fuera no quererlo. 50
PEDRO. Si en la junta de la villa
negamos, como debemos,
la entrega de la Sultana,
va a ser enemigo nuestro
el Rey de Valencia, y puede 55
gravisimo dano hacernos.
MARTIN. Y el que recibimos ambos
de su mujer, ?es pequeno?
PEDRO. Pero es mujer, y nosotros
cristianos y caballeros. 60
MARTIN. Proseguid.
PEDRO. El compromiso
queda evitado, si hacemos
que huya en el instante.
MARTIN. Hagamoslo.
--Pagueme Dios el esfuerzo
que me cuesta no vengarme. 65
Disponed.
PEDRO. Con un pretexto
llevad los moros de aqui:
de vos haran caso.
MARTIN. Creo
que si.
PEDRO. Lo demas es facil.
Puesta ya en salvo, diremos 70
que ella huyo por si.
MARTIN. Voy pues,
y ya que la mano tiendo
al uno de los autores
de mi desventura, quiero
darsela tambien al otro. 75
Decid al dichoso dueno
de esta casa y de Isabel,
que mire en estos momentos
por su vida: que mi hijo
va, loco de sentimiento 80
y de furor, en su busca
por Teruel; y, ivive el cielo
que, doliente como esta,
valor le sobra al mancebo
para vengar!... Perdonadme. 85
Adios. Voy a complaceros,
y a buscarle y conducirle
esta noche misma lejos
de unos lugares en donde
vivimos los dos muriendo. 90
(_Vase por la puerta de la izquierda, mas cercana al proscenio_.)
PEDRO. Id con Dios.--iPadre infeliz!
?Y nosotros? Me estremezco
al pensar en Isabel,
cuando de todo el suceso
llegue a enterarse.
ESCENA II
TERESA.--DON PEDRO
TERESA (_dentro_). iFavor, 95
que me vienen persiguiendo! (_Sale._)
PEDRO. iTeresa! ?Que hay? ?Quien te sigue?
TERESA. Las animas del infierno...
Las del purgatorio... No
se cuales; pero las veo, 100
las oigo....
PEDRO. Mas ?que sucede?
TERESA. iAy! Muerta de susto vengo.
iAy!--Isabel me ha enviado
por mi senora corriendo,
que volvio, no se por que, 105
a la casa del enfermo;
y antes de llegar, he visto
en un callejon estrecho,
junto a la ermita caida...
iJesus! convulsa me vuelvo 110
a casa.
PEDRO. ?Que viste? Di.
TERESA. Una fantasma, un espectro
todo parecido, todo,
al pobrecito don Diego.
PEDRO. Calla: no te oiga Isabel. 115
Guarda con ella silencio.--
Marsilla ha venido, y ella
no lo sabe.
TERESA. Pero, ?es cierto
que vive?
PEDRO. ?No ha de ser?
TERESA. iAy!
Pues otra desgracia temo. 120
PEDRO. ?Cual?
TERESA. No lo asegurare,
por si es aprension del miedo;
sin embargo, yo crei
ver que se llevaba el muerto
asido del brazo al novio. 125
PEDRO. ?Que dices?
TERESA. Aun traigo el eco
de su voz en los oidos.
Con alarido tremendo
decia: "Vas a morir,
has de morir."--"Lo veremos," 130
replicaba don Rodrigo;
y echando votos y retos,
iban los dos como rayos
camino del cementerio.
Yo, senor, ya les rece 135
la salve y el padre nuestro
en latin.
PEDRO. Se han encontrado,
y van a tener un duelo.
Esto es antes.
ESCENA III
ISABEL, por la segunda puerta del lado izquierdo.--DON PEDRO,
TERESA
ISABEL. i Padre!
PEDRO. Aguardame
aqui: pronto volveremos 140
tu madre, tu esposo y yo.
Venid, Teresa. (_Vase los dos._)
ISABEL. ?Que es esto?
iMi padre me deja sola,
cuando con tanto secreto
un moro me quiere hablar! 145
Sin duda estan sucediendo
cosas extranas aqui.
(_Acercase a la segunda puerta._)
Llegad. Al mirarle, tiemblo.
ESCENA IV
ADEL.--ISABEL
ADEL. Cristiana, brillante honor
de las damas de tu ley, 150
yo imploro, en nombre del Rey
de Valencia, tu favor.
ISABEL. ?Mi favor?
ADEL. Tendras noticia
de que salio de su corte
Zulima, su infiel consorte, 155
huyendo de su justicia.
ISABEL. Si.
ADEL. Mi senor decreto
con rectitud musulmana
castigar a la Sultana,
ya que a Marsilla premio. 160
ISABEL. iPremiar!... ?Ignoras, cruel,
que le dio muerte sanuda?
ADEL. Tu no le has visto, sin duda,
entrar como yo en Teruel.
ISABEL. iMarsilla en Teruel!
ADEL. Si.
ISABEL. Mira 165
si te enganas.
ADEL. Mal pudiera.
Informate de cualquiera,
y matenme, si es mentira.
ISABEL. No es posible.--iAh! isi! que siendo
mal, no es imposible nada. 170
ADEL. Por la villa alborotada
tu nombre va repitiendo.
ISABEL. iEterno Dios! iQue infelices
nacimos!--?Cuando ha llegado?
?Como es que me lo han callado? 175
--Y tu, ?por que me lo dices?
ADEL. Porque estas, a mi entender,
en grave riesgo quiza.
ISABEL. Perdido Marsilla, ya
?que bien tengo que perder? 180
ADEL. Con viva lastima escucho
tus ansias de amor extremas;
pero aunque tu nada temas,
yo debo decirte mucho.
Marsilla a mi Rey salvo 185
de unos conjurados moros,
y el Rey vertio sus tesoros
en el, y aqui le envio.
El desprecio la liviana
inclinacion de la infiel.... 190
ISABEL. iOh! iSi!
ADEL. Y airada con el
vino, y se vengo villana
contando su falso fin.
ISABEL. iElla!
ADEL. Con una gavilla
de bandidos, a Marsilla 195
detuvo, ya en el confin
de Teruel, donde veloces
corriendo en tropel armado,
le hallamos a un tronco atado,
socorro pidiendo a voces. 200
ISABEL. Calla, moro: no mas.
ADEL. Pasa
mas, y es bien que te aperciba.
--La Sultana fugitiva
se ha refugiado en tu casa:
en esta.
ISABEL. iAqui mi rival! 205
ADEL. Tu esposo la liberto.
ISABEL. iElla donde habito yo!
ADEL. Guardate de su punal.
Por celos alla en Valencia
matar a Marsilla quiso. 210
ISABEL. A tiempo llega el aviso.
ADEL. Confirma tu la sentencia
que justo lanzo el Amir.
Por esa mujer malvada
para siempre separada 215
de Marsilla has de vivir.
Ella te arrastra al odioso
talamo de don Rodrigo.
Enviala tu conmigo
al que le apresta su esposo, 220
pena digna del ultraje
que siente.
ISABEL. Si, moro; salga
pronto de aqui, no le valga
el fuero del hospedaje.
Como perseguida fiera 225
entro en mi casa: pues bien,
al cazador se la den,
que la mate donde quiera.
Mostrarse de pecho blando
con ella, fuera rayar 230
en loca: voy a mandar
que la traigan arrastrando.
Sean de mi furia jueces
cuantas pierdan lo que pierdo.
iJesus! Cuando yo recuerdo 235
que hoy pude... iJesus mil veces!
No le ha de valer el llanto,
ni el ser mujer, ni ser bella,
ni reina. iSi soy por ella
tan infeliz! itanto, tanto!... 240
Dime, pues, di: tu senor,
?que suplicio le impondra?
ADEL. Una hoguera acabara
con su delincuente amor.
ISABEL. iSu amor! iAmor desastrado! 245
Pero es amor....
ADEL. Y ?es bastante
esa razon?...
ISABEL. iEs mi amante
tan digno de ser amado!
Le vio, le debio querer
en viendole.--iY yo, que hacia 250
tanto que no le veia ...
y ya no le puedo ver!
--Moro, la victima niego
que me vienes a pedir:
quiero yo darle a sufrir 255
castigo mayor que el fuego:
ella con feroz encono
mi corazon desgarro ...
me asesina el alma ... yo
la defiendo, la perdono. (_Vase._) 260
ESCENA V
ADEL
He perdido la ocasion.
Suele tener esta gente
acciones, que de un creyente
propias en justicia son.
Yo dejara con placer 265
este empeno abandonado;
pero el Amir lo ha mandado,
y es forzoso obedecer. (_Vase._)
ESCENA VI
MARSILLA, por la ventana
Jardin ... una ventana ... y ella luego.
Jardin abierto halle y halle ventana; 270
mas ?donde esta Isabel?--Dios de clemencia,
detened mi razon, que se me escapa;
detenedme la vida, que parece
que de luchar con el dolor se cansa.
Siete dias hace hoy, ique venturoso 275
era en aquel salon! Sangre manaba
de mi herida, es verdad; pero agolpados
al rededor de mi lujosa cama,
la tierna historia de mi amor oian
los guerreros, el pueblo y el Monarca, 280
y entre piadoso llanto y bendiciones
"tuya sera Isabel" juntos clamaban
subditos y senor. Hoy no me ofende
mi herida, rayos en mi diestra lanza
el damasquino acero... No le traigo... 285
iY hace un momento que con dos me hallaba!
--Salvo en Teruel y vencedor, ?que angustia
viene a ser esta que me rinde el alma,
cuando, acabada la cruel ausencia,
voy a ver a Isabel?
ESCENA VII
ISABEL.--MARSILLA
ISABEL. Por fin se encarga 290
mi madre de Zulima.
MARSILLA. iCielo santo!
ISABEL. iGran Dios!
MARSILLA. ?No es ella?
ISABEL. iEl es!
MARSILLA. iPrenda adorada!
ISABEL. iMarsilla!
MARSILLA. iGloria mia!
ISABEL. ?Como iay! como
te atreves a poner aqui la planta?
Si te han visto llegar... ?A que has venido? 295
MARSILLA. Por Dios ... que lo olvide. Pero ?no basta,
para que hacia Isabel vuele Marsilla,
querer, deber, necesitar mirarla?
iOh! ique hermosa a mis ojos te presentas!
Nunca te vi tan bella, tan galana... 300
Y un pesar sin embargo indefinible
me inspiran esas joyas, esas galas.
Arrojalas, mi bien; lana modesta,
candida flor, en mi jardin criada,
vuelvan a ser tu virginal adorno: 305
mi amor se asusta de riqueza tanta.
ISABEL. (_Aparte._ iDelira el infeliz! Sufrir no puedo
su dolorida, atonita mirada.)
?No entiendes lo que indica el atavio,
que no puedes mirar sin repugnancia? 310
Nuestra separacion.
MARSILLA. iPoder del cielo!
Si. iFunesta verdad!
ISABEL. Estoy casada.
MARSILLA. Ya lo se. Llegue tarde. Vi la dicha,
tendi las manos, y volo al tocarla.
ISABEL. Me enganaron: tu muerte supusieron 315
Y tu infidelidad.
MARSILLA. iHorrible infamia!
ISABEL. Yo la muerte crei.
MARSILLA. Si tu vivias,
y tu vida y la mia son entrambas
una sola, no mas, la que me alienta,
?como de ti sin ti se separara? 320
Juntos aqui nos desterro la mano
que gozo y pena distribuye sabia:
juntos al fin de la mortal carrera
nos toca ver la celestial morada.
ISABEL. iOh! isi me oyera Dios!...
MARSILLA. Isabel, mira, 325
yo no vengo a dar quejas: fueran vanas.
Yo no vengo a decirte que debiera
prometerme de ti mayor constancia,
cumplimiento mejor del tierno voto
que invocando a la Madre inmaculada, 330
me hiciste amante la postrera noche
que me aparto de tu balcon el alba.
"Para ti (sollozando me decias),
o si no, para Dios."--iDulce palabra,
consoladora fiel de mis pesares 335
en los ardientes paramos del Asia
y en mi cautividad! Hoy ni eres mia,
ni esposa del Senor. Di, pues, declara
(esto quiero saber) de que ha nacido
el prodigio infeliz de tu mudanza. 340
Causa debe tener.
ISABEL. La tiene.
MARSILLA. Grande.
ISABEL. Poderosa, invencible: no se casa
quien amaba cual yo, sino cediendo
a la fuerza mayor en fuerza humana.
MARSILLA. Dimelo pronto, pues, dilo.
ISABEL. Imposible. 345
No has de saberlo.
MARSILLA. Si.
ISABEL. No.
MARSILLA. Todo.
ISABEL. Nada.
Pero tu en mi lugar tambien el cuello
docil a la coyunda sujetaras.
MARSILLA. Yo no, Isabel, yo no. Marsilla supo
despreciar una mano soberana 350
y la muerte arrostrar por quien ahora
la suya vende y el porque le calla.
ISABEL. (_Aparte._ iMadre, madre!)
MARSILLA. Responde.
ISABEL. (_Aparte._ ?Que le digo?)
Tendre que confesar ... que soy culpada.
?Como no lo he de ser? Me ves ajena. 355
Perdoname... Castigame por falsa,
(_Llora._)
matame, si es tu gusto... Aqui me tienes
para el golpe mortal arrodillada.
MARSILLA. Idolo mio, no; yo si que debo
poner mis labios en tus huellas. Alza. 360
No es de arrepentimiento el lloro triste
que esos luceros fulgidos empana;
ese llanto es de amor, yo lo conozco,
de amor constante, sin doblez, sin tacha,
ferviente, abrasador, igual al mio. 365
?No es verdad, Isabel? Dimelo franca:
va mi vida en oirtelo.
ISABEL. ?Prometes
obedecer a tu Isabel?
MARSILLA. iIngrata!
?Cuando me rebele contra tu gusto?
Mi voluntad, ?no es tuya? Dispon, habla. 370
ISABEL. Juralo.
MARSILLA. Si.
ISABEL. Pues bien... Yo te amo.--Vete.
MARSILLA. iCruel! ?Temiste que ventura tanta
me matase a tus pies, si su dulzura
con venenosa hiel no iba mezclada?
?Como esas dos ideas enemigas 375
de destierro y de amor hiciste hermanas?
ISABEL. Ya lo ves, no soy mia; soy de un hombre
que me hace de su honor depositaria,
y debo serle fiel. Nuestros amores
mantuvo la virtud libres de mancha: 380
su pureza de armino conservemos.--
Aqui hay espinas, en el cielo palmas.
Tuyo es mi amor y lo sera: tu imagen
siempre en el pecho llevare grabada,
y alli la adorare: yo lo prometo, 385
yo lo juro; mas huye sin tardanza.
Libertame de ti, se generoso:
libertame de mi....
MARSILLA. No sigas, basta.
?Quieres que huya de ti? Pues bien, te dejo.
Valor ... y separemonos.--En paga, 390
en recuerdo si no, de tantas penas
con gozo por tu amor sobrellevadas,
permite, Isabel mia, que te estrechen
mis brazos una vez....
ISABEL. Deja a la esclava
cumplir con su senor.
MARSILLA. Sera el abrazo 395
de un hermano dulcisimo a su hermana,
el osculo sera que tantas veces
cambio feliz en la materna falda
nuestro amor infantil.
ISABEL. No lo recuerdes.
MARSILLA. Ven....
ISABEL. No: jamas.
MARSILLA. En vano me rechazas. 400
ISABEL. Detente ... o llamo....
MARSILLA. ?A quien? ?A don Rodrigo?
No te figures que a tu grito salga.
No lisonjeros placemes oyendo,
su vanidad en el estrado sacia,
no; lejos de los muros de la villa 405
muerde la tierra que su sangre bana.
ISABEL. iQue horror! ?Le has muerto?
MARSILLA. iPerfida! ?te afliges?
Si lo llego a pensar, ?quien le librara?
ISABEL. ?Vive?
MARSILLA. Merced a mi nobleza loca,
vive: apenas cruzamos las espadas, 410
furiosa en el se encarnizo la mia:
un momento despues, hundido estaba
su orgullo en tierra, en mi poder su acero.
iOh! imaldita destreza de las armas!
iMaldito el hombre que virtudes siembra 415
que le rinden cosecha de desgracias!
No mas humanidad, crimenes quiero.
A ser cruel tu crueldad me arrastra,
y en ti la he de emplear. Conmigo ahora
vas a salir de aqui.
ISABEL. iNo, no!
MARSILLA. Se trata 420
de salvarte, Isabel. ?Sabes que dijo
el cobarde que lloras desolada,
al caer en la lid? "Triunfante quedas;
pero mi sangre costara bien cara."
ISABEL. ?Que dijo? ?Que?
MARSILLA. "Me vengare en don Pedro, 425
en su esposa, en los tres: guardo las cartas."
ISABEL. iJesus!
MARSILLA. ?Que cartas son?...
ISABEL. iTu me has perdido!
La desventura sigue tus pisadas.
?Donde mi esposo esta? Dimelo pronto,
para que fiel a socorrerle vaya, 430
y a fuerza de rogar venza sus iras.
MARSILLA. iJusto Dios! Y idecia que me amaba!
ISABEL. ?Con su pasion funesta reconvienes
a la mujer del vengativo Azagra?
iTe aborrezco! (_Vase._)
ESCENA VIII
MARSILLA
MARSILLA. iGran Dios! Ella lo dice. 435
Con furor me lo dijo: no me engana.
Ya no hay amor alli. Mortal veneno
su boca me arrojo, que al fondo pasa
de mi seno infeliz, y una por una,
rompe, rompe, me rompe las entranas. 440
Yo con ella, por ella, para ella
vivi... Sin ella, sin su amor, me falta
aire que respirar... iEra amor suyo
el aire que mi pecho respiraba!
Me le nego, me le quito: me ahogo, 445
no se vivir.
VOCES (_dentro._) Entrad, cercad la casa.
ESCENA IX
ISABEL, tremula y precipitada.--MARSILLA
ISABEL. Huye, que viene gente, huye.
MARSILLA (_todo trastornado_). No puedo.
VOCES (_dentro_). iMuera, muera!
MARSILLA. Eso si.
ISABEL. Ven.
MARSILLA. iDios me valga!
(_Isabel le ase la mano y se entra con el por la puerta del
fondo._)
ESCENA X
ADEL, huyendo de varios CABALLEROS, con espadas desnudas;
DON PEDRO, MARGARITA, CRIADOS.--ISABEL y MARSILLA dentro.
CABALLEROS. iMuera, muera!
PEDRO Y MARGARITA. Escuchad.
ADEL. Aragoneses,
yo la sangre verti de la Sultana; 450
pero el Rey de Valencia, esposo suyo,
tras ella me envio para matarla.
Consorte criminal, amante impia,
la muerte de Marsilla maquinaba,
la muerte de Isabel....
ISABEL (_dentro_). iAy!
ADEL. Ved en prueba 455
esta punta sutil envenenada.
(_Muestra el punal de Zulima._)
Marsilla lo que digo corrobore:
cerca de aqui ha de estar.
(_Abrese la puerta del fondo, y sale por ella Isabel, que se
arroja en brazos de Margarita. Marsilla aparece caido
en un escano._)
ESCENA XI
ISABEL.--DICHOS
ISABEL. iMadre del alma!
ADEL. Vedle alli....
MARGARITA. iSanto Dios!
PEDRO. Inmovil....
ISABEL. iMuerto!
ADEL. Cumplio Zulima su feroz venganza. 460
ISABEL. No le mato la vengativa mora.
Donde estuviera yo, ?quien le tocara?
Mi desgraciado amor, que fue su vida ...
su desgraciado amor es quien le mata.
Delirante le dije: "Te aborrezco": 465
el creyo la sacrilega palabra,
y expiro de dolor.
MARGARITA. Por todo el cielo ...
ISABEL. El cielo que en la vida nos aparta,
nos unira en la tumba.
PEDRO. iHija!
ISABEL. Marsilla
un lugar a su lado me senala. 470
MARGARITA. iIsabel!
PEDRO. iIsabel!
ISABEL. Mi bien, perdona
mi despecho fatal. Yo te adoraba.
Tuya fui, tuya soy: en pos del tuyo
mi enamorado espiritu se lanza.
(_Dirigese adonde esta el cadaver de Marsilla; pero antes de
llegar, cae sin aliento con los brazos tendidos hacia su
amante._)
FIN DEL DRAMA
NOTES
ACTO PRIMERO
7-8. #que ... el pie = que te ve colocar el pie orillas (a la orilla) de
un precipicio.#
17. #al ser#, _on becoming, when he became_.
33-34. #para vivir ... los tres = para que vivamos los tres con
opulencia.#
48. #costara#, an example of the frequent use of the imperfect
subjunctive for the conditional in this play.
57. #?Que habra escrito...?# Note use of future to express
conjecture. _What can he have written...?_
87. #Mira ... dice#, _see whether it says_.
90. #en el encierro aquel = en aquel encierro.#
106-107. #ve a buscarme#; literally, _go to find me_; translate:
_come to me_.
113. #volvio = volvio en si#, _he has come to himself, has regained
consciousness_.
115-116. #De aquella ... hecho = esta hecho (acostumbrado) a las
tinieblas de aquella horrible mansion.#
135-136. #desde hoy ... aflija = desde hoy no permitire que te aflija
ningun afan.#
140. #azorado#. Note that in poetry predicate adjectives or past
participles are frequently used instead of adverbs.
147. #Haz ... vea = haz que yo vea a mi bienhechora.#
155. #Defienda#, _may Heaven protect_, etc.
162. #mas = es mas hermoso.#
179-180. #No es ... mora = lo mas (importante) no es que la noble
princesa mora me redima.#
191 et seq. In the first edition of the play Marsilla begins the account
of his adventures thus:
Mi nombre es Diego Marsilla,
y cuna Teruel me dio,
ciudad que ayer se fundo
del Turia en la fresca orilla.
In the interest of accuracy of detail the author changed this to the
reading of the present text. The river flowing past Teruel changes its
name from Guadalaviar to Turia only after it has left Teruel behind.
Moreover, Teruel was, strictly speaking, _villa_ at the time of the
supposed action of the play, and not _ciudad_: the title _ciudad_ was
not granted to it by the King of Aragon until the year 1347.
193. #Ayer se fundo.# Destroyed by the Moors, Teruel was rebuilt in
1171, forty-six years earlier. In the life of a city, a generation seems
but a day.
195-197. #cuyos muros ... pobladores = cuyos muros, levantados entre
horrores de lid atroz, fueron amasados con la sangre de sus fuertes
pobladores.#
199-226. In these lines the idea of "predestined love" is exemplified.
204. #sus#, _their_ (#del hombre y de la mujer#).
213-214. #antes ... vernos = antes de vernos, nos amabamos.#
219-222. A similar idea was expressed in the corresponding four lines of
the first edition thus:
Y parecia un querer
tan firme en alma de nino,
recuerdo de otro carino
tenido antes de nacer.
223-226. These four lines may be translated thus: _the love that united
Isabel and me_ (#nuestro querer#) _when we came into this sad world
was merely the continuance_ (#seguir#) _in the physical world of the
love that already existed in the spiritual_. Compare idea expressed by
"marriages are made in heaven."
246. #aun vivo#; if the time were up, either I should have succeeded
or should now be dead.
254. #Navas de Tolosa#, village in the Province of Jaen, in the south
of Spain, famous in history because of the decisive victory gained
there, July 16, 1212, by the allied kings of Christian Spain over the
Moslems. In the first edition, at the mention of this disastrous defeat
of the Moors, Zulima interrupts Marsilla's narrative with an outburst of
feeling quite appropriate in a Mohammedan:
iLugar maldito del cielo,
donde la negra fortuna
postro de la media luna
la pujanza por el suelo!
258 et seq. In the early years of the 13th century a religious sect in
the south of France, the Albigenses, rebelled against the authority of
the Church of Rome. Pope Innocent III proclaimed a crusade against them
in 1208, and a bloody war began in which the crusaders were led by the
ruthless Simon de Montfort until his death at the siege of Toulouse
(1218). During this Albigensian War (1208-1229) Beziers and other
important cities in the south of France were almost destroyed.
267-270. #Y en pena ... sepulto = y en pena de que mi mano rompio el
hierro de mis cadenas, profundo encierro me sepulto en vida.#
281. #haz por escuchar atento#, _try to listen attentively to_ ...
293. #aqui#, in the land of the Moors.
303. #Respuesta ... de = es bien que se le de a ella respuesta.#
311-312. #Medita ... reclama#, _consider it well and you will grant
to time what it demands as its due_. If you take into consideration the
length of time that has passed since you have seen Isabel, you will
realize that she has probably forgotten you, and will become reconciled
to changed conditions because of the lapse of time.
321. #dada ... recibida#, _having given my love and having received
hers_; or, _having given my heart in exchange for hers_.
330. #le = su corazon.#
335-336. #la nueva de ser Isabel esposa#, _the news of Isabel's
marriage_.
340. #cuanto fabrico derrumba = derrumba cuanto (todo lo que) yo
fabrico.#
345. #han de traer = traeran.# Note that _Isabel_ is direct object of
_traer_.
346. #para tanto = para hacer tanto.#
356. #Salvete su diligencia#, _let his efforts save you from danger_.
361. #pereceis = perecereis.# Present instead of future for greater
vividness.
364-366. #estallo = hubiera estallado; calla = habria callado; llega =
habria llegado.#
392. #que venga.# Subject of _venga_ is _la rebelion,_ line 394.
395-396. Note that _quien_ is subject of both _lema_ and _de_.
425. #el un capitan = uno de los capitanes.#
444. #Ya no hay perdon que le alcance#, _she is beyond the reach of
pardon_.
445-446. #despues de correr ... vencido# = _after the struggle is
over, disposition will be made of the conquered_.
ACTO SEGUNDO
17. #don Jaime#, James the Conqueror, King of Aragon from 1213 to
1276, son and successor of Pedro II. He gained the title, _El
Conquistador_, by his conquest of the Balearic Islands (1228-1232) and
Valencia (1258) from the Moors.
21. #Sancho VII#, King of Navarre (1194-1234), known as _El Fuerte_.
He played an important part in the defeat of the Moors at Navas de
Tolosa in 1212.
21. #Fernando III#, King of Castile (1217-1252), known as _El Santo_.
He reconquered Cordova, Seville, Jaen, etc,. from the Moors.
87-88. #sobre como ... allanar#, _as to how it should be smoothed,
overcome_.
102. #iVirgen del Pilar!# _Our Lady of the Sacred Pillar protect us!_
In the church of _Nuestra Senora del Pilar_, Saragossa, is the sacred
pillar on which the Holy Virgin is believed to have appeared to Saint
James during his missionary journey through Spain. This pillar, with its
wooden image of the Virgin and Child, is the magnet that has drawn
countless pilgrims to Saragossa.
131-132. #de estarse ... pestanear#, _from standing so long with
staring, unblinking, eyes_.
137-139. #le fue ... al infeliz = la punta le fue a parar al corazon del
infeliz.#
144. #pisaba = pisaria.#
162. #?Si sabra?# ... _I wonder if he knows_...
174. #querra.# Future to denote probability.
186. #Pues ... partido#, _well, even in throwing the bar I can win
the game from him_. _Barra_, was a game in which the contestants strove
to outdo each other in throwing a heavy iron bar. It was therefore a
test of strength.
197. #Jamas ... cara#, _never from danger do I turn my face_.
204. #la mano que todo lo guia#, _the hand that directs the
universe_, the hand of God.
208-209. #benefica, airada#. Note that adjectives are frequently used
instead of adverbs, especially in poetry.
212. #de amante inquietud#, _inspired by loving solicitude_, that of
his own family.
213. #no cobre#..., _may I never recover_...
215. #Mayor mi teson a mas padecer#, _my obstinacy increasing with my
suffering_. Compare _mi teson crecia con mi padecer_, of the first
edition.
239-240. #decid ... vida#, _tell her to whom this father_ (Martin
himself) _owes the privilege of seeing himself alive_.
247-248. Compare with these the two corresponding lines of the first
edition:
Con tal companera, ?quien no ha de temblar
de perder la vida que lleva dichosa?
255-256. #dirige = hubiese dirigido; ahorran = habrian ahorrado; cuanto
de llanto = icuantas lagrimas!#
259. #la de Maurel#, the battle of Muret in southern France, 1213, in
which the Albigenses and their allies, the Aragonese, were defeated by
the Crusaders under Simon de Montfort. King Pedro of Aragon lost his
life in the battle and many Aragonese were killed or taken prisoners.
275-276. #Diligencia escasa ... cupo = parece que diligencia escasa,
fortuna severa, cupo en suerte a# (_fell to the lot of_) #mi sangre
(familia).#
278. #se muestre#, _let him show himself_. Freely translated: _one
who has been unable to overcome adverse fortune should at least be
patient when it wounds him_.
279. #de aquesa manera#, _in that condition_, that is, without a
sword.
296. #le acatan propios y ajenos#, _all respect him, those of his
own family_ (#propios#) _and those of others_ (#ajenos#).
341. #logre ... mal#, _I succeeded in convincing my ears that they_
(#los acentos desabridos#) _did not have a disagreeable sound for
me_.
347. #al recordar mi memoria#, _when memory would bring to mind_.
371 et seq. Note that _vos, piedra, boveda, suelo_ are all direct
objects of _invoco_, line 379. _Not you, but rather the inanimate stone
... that vaulted ceiling ... that pavement ... do I call upon as
witnesses_....
377. #a no ser ... huella#, _if it were not as hard and cold as the
one that walks upon it_.
381. #que# = _for_; #le = al afan.#
384. #oyera = pudiera, podria, oirla.#
413. #ofreci dar#, _I would gladly have given_.
423-426. Compare corresponding lines in first edition:
Cuanto padezco mirad
pues ya como dicha cuento
que mis penas un momento
suspendan su intensidad.
447-450. #Vuestras razones ... crimen#, _your words of intercession
carry conviction to his heart; any hesitation or reluctance on my part
would be (considered) disrespect, sinful_.
455. #que ... mortaja = que el se limite a tenerme una cruz y una
mortaja#, _he need do no more than provide me a cross and a shroud_.
559. #de infeliz ... mas#, _from an unhappy state I have passed to
one still more wretched_.
564-565. #por senas que ... judio.# Teresa's meaning is clear; he
must be either a Jew or a Moor, she thinks, since he refused to partake
of the slices of pork and wine that she had offered him. She might have
expressed herself more logically thus: _por senas que_ (as proof that)
_debe ser moro o judio, nada de ello (magras y vino) ha probado_.
572. #iQue haya ... oi!# _If it were only a dream what I believe that
I heard!_
600. #Ya que padeci, padezca (ella).#
603-605. #al fin ... miserable#, _after all, compared with her,
Manilla was of little account_.
616-617. See _buena_ in Vocabulary.
664. #en que reina#, _where he now dwells_.
673-674. #sin que ... ofensa#, _without any one's being able to take
offense at my tears_.
734. #que lea#, _that he may read_.
735. #encontrarmelas.# _Me_, dative of interest or concern, may be
translated: _for all I care_.
764. #se ofrezca ... morir#, _consent to worse than death_.
ACTO TERCERO
7. #Si esto ... difunto = esto es como si yo amortajase a un
difunto.#
34. #No tardaran ... San Pedro#, _the call to vespers will not be
long in sounding over there in Saint Peter's_. San Pedro is the name of
the old parochial church in Teruel connected with the legend of _Los
Amantes_.
73-74. #Yo no creia que dudarais de mi rendimiento fiel.#
84-86. #y al fin hallareis otro que no podeis figuraros en vuestro rigor
esquivo.#
89. #aun no le visteis#, _him you have not yet seen_.
107-109. #una lengua venenosa no pudo jamas echarme maldicion mas
espantosa que decir#....
142-144. #Para romper ... indagaciones#, _in order to break my
bondage (free myself from love of you), in order to find defects in you,
my investigations were undertaken._
156. #lo que yo vivira = lo que# (_as long as_) #yo viva, vivira#.
167-168. #concluyo de desear y pedir#, _I desire and ask for no
more_.
180-181. #mudareis en suma de casa y de vecindad#, _you will move
into another house and neighborhood, nothing more_.
210-211. #lo demas ... notorio#, _otherwise it would give cause for
notorious scandal_.
217. #resucitara = hubiera resucitado.#
219. #matara = habria matado.#
221. #corriera = habria corrido.#
346. #saliendole al camino = saliendole al encuentro.#
354. #mas ... marido = yo, profuga, he podido (hacer) mas que mi real
marido.#
364. #monstruo ... abismo#, _inhuman creature, in whose voice is
heard the wrath of hell_.
386-387. #a quien ... frente#, _whose forehead evil fate branded at
birth with burning iron_.
388. #que por verte vive#, _who receives new life on seeing you_.
434. #merezcate ... lazo#, _respect as you should that marriage
bond_.
437. #Con mi presencia queda destruido.# "Sublime respuesta de la
pasion, tan sublime por lo menos como el famoso _Qu'il mourut_ de
Corneille, porque para la pasion no hay obstaculo, no hay mundo, no hay
hombres, no hay mas Dios, en fin, que ella misma. Sacrilegio sublime
como el de Ayax en Homero." (Jose de Larra, _Coleccion de articulos_,
page 194.)
ACTO CUATRO
7. #prenden = habrian prendido.#
8. #acuden = hubiesen acudido.#
41. #sois quien sois#, _you are true to yourself_; or, _one can
always count upon you_.
48. #entre vos y yo#, _we two, you and I_.
119. #?No ha de ser?# _Why not?_
122. #por si es#, _lest it be; in case it may be_.
139. #Esto es antes.# Teresa thought that the spirit of Marsilla was
conducting Rodrigo to the cemetery. Pedro, after giving the real
explanation, adds _Esto es antes_, meaning, _rather is this it_, i.e.,
the true explanation.
165-166. #mira si te enganas#, _you are surely mistaken_.
166. #mal pudiera = mal podria (enganarme).#
201-202. #Pasa mas#, _more has happened; there is still more to
tell_. Note that _yo_ is the subject understood of _aperciba_ in line
202.
220. #al = al talamo.#
222-224. #salga ... hospedaje#, _let her leave here at once, let not
the law of hospitality serve her (as protection)_.
230-231. #fuera rayar en loca#, _would be little removed from folly;
would border on madness_.
233-234. #sean ... pierdo = sean jueces de mi furia todas las mujeres
que pierdan lo que yo pierdo.#
250-251. #que ... veia#, _who had not seen him for such a long
time_....
263-264. #que ... son#, _that rightly belong to a true believer_. In
this case _creyente_ means Moslem, a follower of Mohammed. Isabel's
magnanimity arouses Adel's admiration.
Escena VI. Read #que entra# after #Marsilla#.
286. #dos#, his own sword and that of Rodrigo. The explanation will
be found in lines 401-413.
317. #si tu vivias#, _seeing that you were still alive_.
319-320. #la que ... separara? = ?Como podria separarse de ti sin ti la
(vida) que me alienta?#
321. #desterro#, _banished, exiled (from Heaven)_; = #Juntos aqui nos
desterro (del cielo) la mano (de Dios) que distribuye sabia-(mente)
gozos y penas.#
327-328. #debiera prometerme = habria debido prometerme#, _you ought
to have offered me_...; or, _I should have expected_....
342-344. #no se casa ... humana#, _one that loved as I did does not
marry, unless compelled to do so by the strongest force within the power
of mankind_.
348. #sujetaras = habrias sujetado.#
352. #la suya = su mano.#
355. #me ves ajena#, _you see me the wife of another_.
367. #va mi vida en oirtelo#, _to hear you say it is a matter of life
or death to me_.
391. #en recuerdo si no#, _in memory at least_.
408. #si lo llego ... librara?# _Should I ever believe that, who
could protect him?_
440. #las entranas = el corazon. Una por una# in the preceding line
might be translated _little by little_.
473-474. #en pos de ... lanza#, _my lovelorn spirit hastens away in
pursuit of thine_.
A comparison of the closing lines of the play with those of the first
version shows a decided gain in dramatic effectiveness.
ISABEL. ?Conque ya es muerto?
TODOS. iMuerto!
ISABEL. Yo le mate; quise alejarle ...
que le odiaba le dije ... el sentimiento,
el espanto ... iY menti!...
Pero tambien de mi se apiada el cielo.
Ya de la eternidad me abre la puerta
y de mis ojos huye el mundo entero,
y una tumba diviso solamente
con un cadaver, y a su lado un hueco.
Marsilla, yo te ame, siempre te amaba ...
tu me lloraste ajena ... tuya muero.
Cotarelo y Mori, in his scholarly study of the origin and development of
the legend, uses as an argument against its historical authenticity the
improbable ending; skeptically, he asks the question: "?No es
verdaderamente pasmoso que en el siglo XIII hubiese ni en Teruel ni en
parte alguna dos personas de sensibilidad tan exquisita a quienes
simultaneamente pudiera causar la muerte el verse privadas una de otra?"
This rhetorical question was answered many years before it was thus
formulated. Jose de Larra in his review of the play a few days after its
first performance and only a few days before his own tragic death,
speaking for those who believe that death may be caused by grief alone,
urged the author to pay no heed to critics who scoffed at the
_denouement_ of his play: "Si oyese repetir a sus oidos un cargo vulgar
que a los nuestros ha llegado, y que ni mentar hemos querido en este
articulo; si oyese decir que el final de su obra es inverosimil, que el
amor no mata a nadie, puede responder que es un hecho consignado en la
historia; que los cadaveres se conservan en Teruel, y la posibilidad en
los corazones sensibles; que las penas y las pasiones han llenado mas
cementerios que los medicos y los necios; que el amor mata (aunque no
mate a lodo el mundo) como matan la ambicion y la envidia; que mas de
una mala nueva al ser recibida ha matado a personas robustas,
instantaneamente y como un rayo; y aun sera en nuestro entender mejor
que a ese cargo no responda, porque el que no lleve en su corazon la
respuesta, no comprendera ninguna. Las teorias, las doctrinas, los
sistemas se explican; los sentimientos se sienten." (_Coleccion de
articulos_, page 197.)
VOCABULARY
The purpose of this vocabulary is to give English equivalents for the
words and locutions as used in this play, in order to help the student
understand the text or translate it into clear, idiomatic English. In
some cases, therefore, the English equivalent is not a literal
translation of the Spanish and may not give the usual meaning of the
word or phrase. Moreover, words that the student is reasonably certain
to know and those that have the same or almost the same form and meaning
in Spanish and English are omitted, as well as inflected forms, except
in the case of those that seem to offer special difficulty.
#A#
#abandonar# leave, abandon
#abatimiento# despondency, dejection
#abierto# _p.p. of_ #abrir# open
#abismo# abyss, gulf; hell
#abogar# plead, intercede for; defend
#aborrecer# hate, detest
#abrasador, -a# burning, ardent
#abrazar# embrace
#abrazo# embrace
#abrir, -se# open
#aca# here, hither, this way
#acabar# end, finish; come to an end; weaken; #-- con# put an end to;
#-- de# finish with, have finished, have just; #acabaras de hacer
justicia# you will do justice in the end
#acatar# respect, honor, do homage to
#accion# action, impulse
#acechar# spy upon
#acento# accent; #-s# words
#acercarse# approach
#acero# steel; blade, sword, dagger
#aciago# bitter; fatal
#aclamar# acclaim
#acometer# attack
#acompanar# accompany; #fue acompanandome# he went with me, kept me
company
#acordarse# (de) remember
#activo# vigorous
#acudir# come up, hasten (to help); #-se a# have recourse to, go to
#adelantarse a# go ahead of, outrun
#ademan# _m._ gesture; attitude
#adentro# within; off the stage
#aderezar# dress, get ready
#adios# good-bye, farewell
#administrar# administer; give
#adonde# where, to the place where
#adorar (en)# adore
#adormecer# put to sleep
#adormecido# sleeping
#adorno# adornment
#afan# _m._ anxiety, trouble, sorrow; #con --# solicitously
#afecto# love, affection; #-- amoroso# feeling of love
#aficion# love, fondness
#afligir# afflict, grieve
#agasajar# regale; entertain
#agolpados# crowding
#agradecer# be grateful, thankful (for)
#agradecido# grateful
#agua# water
#aguardar# wait for
#ahogar# smother, oppress; #-se# be stifled _or_ suffocated
#ahora# now; nowadays; #por --# for the present
#ahorrar# save, spare; #-se# be spared
#ahuyentar# frighten, drive away
#airado# angry, wrathful
#aire# _m._ air
#ajeno# belonging to another, of another, another's
#alameda# avenue, grove (_of poplars_)
#alarde# _m._ boast, boasting; #hacer --# be proud of, boast
#alarido# cry, shout
#alazan# _m._ sorrel horse
#alba# dawn
#Albarracin# _small town and mountainous district a short distance west
of the city of Teruel_
#albedrio# will, free will
#albergue# _m._ lodging, room
#albigenses# Albigenses (_see note, Act I_, 258); #un frances --# an
Albigensian Frenchman
#alborotado# excited, agitated
#alborozo# joy
#alcanzar# reach, overtake; obtain; #-- con# have influence with
#alcazaba# stronghold, fortress, donjon
#alcazar# _m._ castle, royal palace
#alcoba# bedroom
#alcurnia# ancestry; family name
#alentar# give breath; animate
#aleve# faithless, perfidious; traitor
#alguno# any, any one, the one
#alhaja# jewel
#aliento# breath, courage; #-- vital# breath of life; #sin --# lifeless,
unconscious; #mi --# my last breath
#alimentar# nourish; #-- risuena# encourage with smiling hopes
#alistar# enlist, recruit
#aliviar# assuage, relieve
#alivio# alleviation, consolation
#alma# soul, spirit, heart, love; #de mi --# dearest
#Alteza# Highness
#altivez# _f._ pride
#alto# high; great
#altura# height, elevation; #una --# high ground
#alumbrar# illuminate, light
#alzar# raise; rise, arise
#alla# there, yonder; #por --# thereabouts, along there
#allanarse# be smoothed out, be overcome; be worked out
#alli# there, in it
#ama# mistress
#amante# loving; lover
#amar# love; #-se# love each other
#amargo# bitter, cruel
#amargura# bitterness, sorrow
#amasar# knead; cement
#ambos# both; as
#amenazar# threaten
#amigo# friend
#Amir# ameer (_Mohammedan ruler_)
#amistad# friendship
#amor# _m._ love
#amorio# love-making; #-s# love affairs
#amortajar# shroud, prepare for burial
#anciandad# _f._ old age
#anciano# old; old man
#andar# go; #-- por aqui# go about in this vicinity; #-se# go about
#angel# _m._ angel
#angustia# anguish
#anhelado# longed for, coveted
#anhelante# anxious; anxiously
#anhelar# long, yearn for
#anima# spirit
#animar# encourage
#animo# mind, spirit
#anochecer# grow dark; #al --# at nightfall; #a poco de --# shortly
after nightfall
#ansia# anguish
#ansiar# long for, desire eagerly
#ante# before; in the presence of
#antes# before, first; rather; on the contrary; #-- de# before; #-- que#
before; rather than; #-- que todo# before everything else
#anticipar# anticipate; #anticipado al nacer# present before birth,
prenatal
#anular# annul
#anunciar# announce
#ano# year
#apacible# peaceful, friendly
#aparecer# appear, be seen
#apartar# separate, take away
#aparte# aside; #-- de# aside from
#apellido# name
#apenas# scarcely, barely
#apercibir# inform
#aplacar# mitigate, lessen, appease, allay
#aplazado# postponed
#aplicar# apply; hold
#aposento# room
#apreciar# appreciate
#aprender# learn
#aprension# illusion, delusion
#apresar# capture
#aprestar# prepare
#apresurar# hurry up
#aprieto# embarrassment, difficult position
#aproximarse# approach
#aquese, aquesa# that
#aqui# here; on earth
#ara# altar
#aragones, -esa# Aragonese
#arbol# _m._ tree
#ardiente# hot, burning
#ardimiento# boldness
#arena# sand; #-s# sands, desert
#arma# arm, weapon
#armino# ermine; #de --# ermine-like
#arrastrar# drag, force into; #traerla arrastrando# drag her here
#arrebatar# take away by force
#arrebato# carried away with, beside himself with
#arremeter con# make an attack upon
#arrepentimiento# repentance, remorse
#arribar# arrive
#arriesgar# risk
#arrimarse# lean against
#arrodillado# kneeling
#arrodillarse# kneel
#arrojar# cast off; #-se# rush, escape, cast oneself upon
#arrostrar# face
#arruinarse# fall in ruins
#artesano# artisan, mechanic
#ascendiente# ancestor, forefather
#asegurar# assure, assert, state definitely
#asesinar# assassinate, murder
#asesinato# assassination
#asi# so, thus; #-- que# as soon as
#asido de# grasped, seized by
#asir# grasp, seize
#asistir a# be present at, witness, attend
#asomar# appear
#asombrado# astonished, amazed
#aspero# rough
#asustar# frighten; #-se de# be frightened at
#atar# tie
#ataud# _m._ coffin
#atavio# fine attire
#atender# heed, pay attention to, listen attentively to
#atento# attentive; attentively
#aterrar# ravage, lay waste; appall, terrify
#atesorar# store up; possess
#atestiguar# testify
#atonito# amazed, troubled
#atras# back, backward
#atravesar# pass through
#atreverse# dare
#atroz# atrocious, fierce
#aumentar# increase
#aumento# increase
#aun, aun# still, even, yet; #-- no# not yet
#aunque# although, even though
#ausencia# absence
#ausentarse# depart, go away, be absent; #al --# in the absence of
#ausente# absent; absent one
#autor# author, agent
#avaro# miser
#averiguar# find out
#avisar# warn, notify, inform
#aviso# warning; news
#iay!# alas; #-- de# alas for, woe betide
#ayer# yesterday; recently
#ayunar# fast
#ayuntamiento# town council; town hall, city hall
#azorado# anxious, restless
#B#
#bajar# descend
#bajo# under
#balbuciente# stammering
#balcon# _m._ balcony
#banda# band, scarf
#bandera# banner, standard
#bandolero# bandit, robber
#banar# bathe
#barra# metal bar; #tirar la --# throw the bar (_a popular game in
Spain_)
#bastante# enough; long enough
#bastar# suffice, be enough; #basta# enough; #basta de platica# enough
talk
#batida# hunting party
#beldad# beauty
#Belen# Bethlehem
#bello# beautiful
#bendecir# bless
#bendicion# blessing
#bendito# blessed
#beneficio# benefit; #con tal --# under such obligation
#benefico# beneficent, charitable
#benigno# beneficent, benign
#besar# kiss
#Besies# Beziers _(city of about fifty thousand inhabitants in the south
of France_)
#bien# well, very, indeed, already; #-- esta# very well, all right;
#tener a --# consider proper _or_ advisable; please
#bien# _m_. good, goodness, happiness, blessing, favor; object of love;
#mi --# my love, beloved; #?que --?# what good, what of any value? #-s#
wealth
#bienhechor, -a# benefactor, benefactress
#blando# soft, tender
#blasfemo# blasphemous
#boca# mouth; tongue
#boda# marriage, wedding; #-s# wedding; #celebradas las# --#s# the
wedding being over, after the marriage
#borrar# erase, efface
#bosque# _m_. wood, forest
#boveda# arch, vault; vaulted ceiling
#brasa# live coal
#brazo# arm
#breve# brief; #en --# in a little time, quickly
#brillante# bright, shining
#brindar con# offer
#brioso# bold, spirited
#bueno# good; #buena la habeis hecho# you have done it now
#bufete# _m_. sideboard; table
#burlar# mock; disappoint, frustrate; #dejar burlada# make ineffective,
frustrate
#busca# search; #en su --# in search of him
#buscar# seek, look for, find; go to find, get; fetch
#C#
#cabal# complete
#cabalgar# take horse, ride away
#caballo# horse; #a --# on horseback
#caballero# gentleman; knight
#cabello# hair
#caber# be contained in; find a place _or_ entrance; be room for; #no
cabe# it is impossible _or_ unthinkable; #-- en suerte a# be decreed by
fate, be predestined
#cabeza# head; chief; captain
#cabo# end; #llevar a --# carry out; #al --# at last
#cada# each
#cadaver# _m_. body, corpse
#cadena# chain
#caer# fall; #-- prisionero de# fall into the hands of
#caido# fallen; lying; ruined
#calabozo# prison, dungeon
#calidad# quality, nobility; #mas --# higher rank
#callar# be silent, keep quiet, refuse to tell, conceal; leave
unspoken; keep from saying, not to say; pass over in silence; preserve
#calle# _f._ street
#callejon# _m_. narrow street, alley
#cama# bed
#cambiar# change, exchange
#caminar# travel, journey
#camino# road; #-- de# in the direction of, on the way to; #salir al --#
go out to meet
#campana# bell
#candido# pure, white
#cansarse# become tired, grow weary
#capaz# capable
#capilla# chapel
#capitan# captain
#cara# face
#caracter# _m_. character
#carcel,# _f._ prison, dungeon
#cargo# charge; accusation
#caricia# caress
#caridad# charity
#carino# love, affection
#carinoso# loving
#caro# dear; dearly
#carrera# road, journey; career; #mortal --# journey of life
#carta# letter
#casa# house; #a --# home
#casado, -a# married man _or_ woman
#casamiento# marriage
#casar# marry, give in marriage; #-se# marry, get married
#casi# almost
#caso case; situation; event; #hacer -- de# give heed to, listen to; #--
providencial# act of providence.
#castigar# punish
#castigo# punishment
#catalan# Catalan, of Catalonia
#caudal# _m_. capital, fortune
#cautiverio# captivity
#cautividad# captivity
#cautivo# captive
#cauto# cautious, wary, cunning, clever
#cazador# pursuer, hunter
#cebarse# feed, prey upon
#ceder yield#
#celebrar# celebrate; #celebradas las bodas# the wedding being over
#celestial# divine
#celo# zeal, devotion; #-s# jealousy
#celosia# Venetian blind; latticework
#celoso# jealous
#cerca# near
#cercano# near
#cercar# surround, besiege
#cerdo# pork
#cerrar# close, lock
#certero# sure
#cesar# cease; #sin --# incessantly
#cesta# basket
#ciego# blind; blind with love, carried away by passion
#cielo# heaven; #vive el --# by heavens
#cieno# mire, slime
#cierto# certain, a certain; indeed
#cilicio# cilice (_garment made of coarse cloth or hair, worn as
penance_)
#cinco# five
#ciudad# city
#clamar# cry, exclaim
#claustro# cloister, convent
#clemencia# mercy
#cobrar# recover
#colera# anger, rage
#colmar# bestow liberally upon, overwhelm
#colocar# place, set
#comarca# district, territory
#combate# _m._ fight, battle
#combatir# fight
#comisionado# agent
#como# as; if; since; provided that
#compadecer# pity, sympathize with
#companero# companion
#compasion# pity, mercy; #por --# in the name of mercy
#competidor, -a# rival
#complacer# please do a favor to
#comprar# buy
#comprender# understand
#compromiso# compromise; predicament
#con# with; with respect to; #-- que# and so, so then
#conceder# yield
#concertarse# be arranged
#concluir# finish, conclude; #se concluyo# it is all done
#conde# count
#condenar# condemn
#conducir# take, bring
#condicion# character, disposition
#conferenciar# take counsel
#confesar# confess, admit
#confiar# have confidence
#confin# _m._ boundary, limit; #ya en el --# in the very outskirts
#confundir# confound, punish
#confuso# confused
#conjuracion# conspiracy
#conjurado# conspirator
#conmigo# with me, along with me
#conocer# know, meet, recognize
#conocimiento# knowledge; #sin --# unconscious
#consagrar# consecrate, dedicate
#conseguir# succeed in, obtain
#consejo# advice, counsel
#conservar# preserve
#consignado# deposited, set down
#consolador -a# comforter
#consolar# console
#consorte# consort; husband, wife
#constancia# constancy
#consuelo# consolation
#consumar# complete, consummate
#consumir# consume, wear out, wear upon
#contacto# contact, touch; #al --# at the first touch
#contar# relate, report, tell about; consider; #-- con# count upon,
expect; #cuento como# I count it as a
#contemplar# consider
#contener# contain, repress; #-se# contain oneself; stop
#contienda# quarrel
#continuamente# continually
#contra# counter, contrary to, against; #ir --# oppose
#contrario# enemy, opponent
#contrito# contrite, penitent
#convenir# be fitting, be in place
#convertir# convert, change; #-se# change, be converted
#convidado# guest
#convulso# convulsed
#corazon# _m._ heart
#cordel# _m._ cord
#corona# crown
#corporal# physical
#correctivo# corrective; expiation
#correr# run, hasten; pass; draw; run through; #corrido el plazo# the
time having expired, at the expiration of the time set
#corresponder con# repay
#corriendo# running; quickly
#corroborar# corroborate, confirm
#corrompido# foul, putrid
#corte# _f._ court
#cortina# curtain
#cortinaje# _m._ curtain; set of curtains
#corto# short, brief
#cosa# thing; #?que --?# what is it?
#cosecha# harvest
#costar# cost; #costara lo que costara# cost what it might; #cueste lo
que cueste# cost what it may
#cota# coat of mail; #vestida la --# with his coat of mail on
#coyunda# yoke
#creador, -a# creative
#credito# credit; reputation
#creer# believe, think
#creyente# true believer (_Moslem or Christian, according to point of
view_)
#criado# servant
#criar# create; grow
#crimen# _m._ crime, offence
#cruz# _f._ cross
#cruzar# cross; pass through; fold
#cuadrilla# band
#cual# which; as
#cuadrar# suit; please; #de quien le cuadre# with any one that pleases
her
#cualquiera# any one; some or other
#cuando# when; since; seeing that
#cuantioso# numerous, large
#cuanto# how much, how many; as much as; all that; #-- a# as for; #-s#
all those that
#cuatro# four
#cubierto# covered
#cubrir# cover
#cuchilla# knife, poniard, sword
#cuello# neck
#cuerpo# body; #con el --# in the body, in this life
#cuidado# care, worry, anxiety, solicitude; #dar --# fill with regret
#cuidar# care for, look after
#culpa# blame, guilt, sin; #tener la --# be to blame
#culpado# guilty
#cumplido# full, complete
#cumplimiento# fulfilment, performance
#cumplir# fulfil; carry out; keep one's promise; expire; #-se# fall due,
expire, terminate; be fulfilled; fulfil one's duty toward, be faithful
to
#cuna# cradle; place of birth; #dar --# be birthplace
#cupo# _pret. 3d per. of_ #caber#
#curar# heal, look after, take care of
#custodio# guard, custodian
#cuyo# whose, of which, _etc_.
#D#
#daga# dagger, poniard
#dama# lady, lady of honor (at court)
#damasquino# Damascene; of Damascus (_ancient city of Syria, famous for
the excellence of its steel_); #el acero --# the Damascus blade
#dano# injury
#dar# give; make; #-- en# fall into; strike against; #-- que decir# give
occasion for censure _or_ gossip; #?que puede -- de si?# what can you
expect of him? #se le den# let them give her to him
#de# of, by, _etc_.
#deber# owe, must, ought, be obliged, have to; #debio correr# he must
have run; #debieron echarle dentro# they must have thrown him into it;
#le debio querer# could not help loving him
#deber# _m._ duty, obligation
#debido# just, rightful, due
#debil# weak
#debilidad# weakness; #ser la suma --# be quite powerless, be
excessively weak
#decir# tell; #digo bien# I speak the truth; #dire que no# I shall
refuse; #segun se me dice# according to what they tell me
#decisivo# decisive; #en trance tan --# in such a critical situation
#decreto# decree
#defender# defend, protect
#defensa# defence, protection
#deforme# hideous
#dejar# leave, leave alone; #-- abandonado# give up; #-- burlada# make
fun of, render ineffective; #-- caer# drop; #que vino a --le# that left
him at last; #-se matar# let oneself be killed
#delante# before, ahead; #-- de# in front of
#delicadeza# delicacy, fineness
#delicado# slight, weak; fine, perfect
#delincuente# guilty
#delirante# delirious, beside oneself
#delirar# be delirious
#delirio# frenzy; #-s# foolish caprices
#delito# crime, guilt, sin; #al saberse mi --# when my sin became known
#demas# other, remaining; #lo --# the rest; #los --# the others, the
rest; #lo -- fuera dar# otherwise it would give cause for; #-- (_for_
demasiado)# more than enough
#denigrar# blacken
#dentro# within; off the stage; #echar --# throw into it
#depender de# depend on
#depositorio# depositary; trustee
#derecho# right; #a la derecha# at the right
#derramar# shed
#derrumbar# overthrow, throw to the ground, destroy
#desabrido# insipid, distasteful
#desacato# disrespect
#desafiar# challenge; #desafiados quedamos# we had challenged each
other; we were to fight a duel
#desahogo# alleviation, relief
#desairado# disregarded, unrewarded; #dejar --# disregard; refuse _or_
fail to reward
#desairar# disregard; refuse
#desaparecer# disappear, pass away
#desastrado# ill-starred, unfortunate
#desatar# untie, undo; dissolve; #-se# free oneself
#descansar# rest
#desde# from; #-- hoy# from now on, from to-day; this very day; #-- que#
since; from the moment that
#desden# _m._ disdain, scorn
#desdenar# disdain
#desdenoso# disdainful
#desdichado# unhappy
#desechar# cast away, put aside
#desempenar# redeem; carry out
#desgarrar# rend, break
#desgracia# unhappiness, misfortune; evil fate, adversity; #por --#
unfortunately
#desgraciadamente# unfortunately
#desgraciado# unfortunate, unhappy, unsuccessful
#deshonrarse# be dishonored
#desleal# disloyal; traitor
#deslumbrar# dazzle
#desmayarse# faint, swoon
#desmentir# give the lie to, belie, contradict; deviate from
#desnudo# bare, naked; drawn
#desolado# desolate; disconsolately
#despacio# slowly, deliberately; #mira --# take a good look at
#despecho# anger, ill-will; despair
#despertar# awaken
#despojar# rob
#desposorio# marriage;#-s# marriage
#despreciar# scorn
#despues# afterwards; #-- de# after
#desterrar# exile, banish; send (_from heaven to earth_)
#destierro# exile; absence
#destino# destiny
#destreza# dexterity
#destrozar# destroy, mangle
#destruir# destroy
#desvario# raving, delirium
#desventura# unhappiness, misfortune
#desvergueenza# shamelessness
#detener# detain, delay, hold back, check; preserve; #-se# stop, delay,
desist
#deudo# relative
#deudor# indebted; #-- de verse con vida# indebted for the privilege of
seeing himself alive
#devaneo# caprice, fancy; #-s# idle pursuits
#devolver# return
#di# (_2d sing, imper. of_ #decir#) say, tell me
#di# (_1st pers. pret. of_ #dar#)
#dia# _m._ day; #un --# some day; #hoy --# in these days
#dicha# happiness, blessing, felicity; #por --# happily; #por -- mayor#
most fortunately; #-s# happiness
#dicho# aforesaid
#dichoso# happy, fortunate
#diestra# right hand
#diestro# skilful
#dificultad# difficulty, difficult task
#difunto# dead
#dignarse# deign, condescend
#digno# worthy
#dilacion# delay
#diligencia# diligence, assiduity, solicitous care, endeavor
#Dios# God; #a --# good-bye, farewell, God keep you; #por --# in the
name of God, in Heaven's name
#dirigir# direct, address; intend for; guide; #-se# apply to, turn, go
toward, make one's way
#discrecion# discretion; #a --# at will; without conditions
#disculparse con# apologize
#disfraz# _m._ disguise.
#disfrazado# disguised
#disminuir# diminish
#disponer# dispose of, arrange for, provide, make arrangements
#distinto# distinct, evident; different
#distribuir# distribute
#disuadir# dissuade, deter
#doblez# _m._ duplicity, wile
#docil# docile, yielding
#dolencia# disease, infirmity, illness
#doliente# suffering, aching; sad; #-- desvario# delirium of grief
#dolo# fraud, deceit
#dolor# _m._ sorrow, regret, grief, pain
#dolorido# doleful
#doloroso# grievous, sad
#domingo# Sunday
#don# _m._ gift
#doncella# maiden, young girl
#donde# where; in _or_ on which; #por --# through which; #-- quiera#
wherever he pleases
#dormitorio# bedroom
#dos# two
#duda# doubt; #sin --# doubtless, surely
#dudar# doubt, suspect
#duelo# duel; pain
#dueno# master, owner, possessor; mistress
#dulce# sweet
#dulcemente# sweetly; #embargar --# hold in sweet suspense
#dulcisimo# very sweet; most loving, most blessed
#dulzura# sweetness
#durar# last
#duro# hard, harsh, cruel
#E#
#ea# well
#echar# throw, throw at, cast, fling; utter; put lower; #-- menos# miss
#eficaz# efficient, practical
#egoismo# selfishness
#ejemplo# model, example
#elegir# select, choose
#elevacion# nobility
#ello# it; as for that; #-- si# the fact is
#embargar# suspend; #-- dulcemente# hold in sweet suspense
#embargo# restraint; #sin --# however, nevertheless
#empanar# dim
#emparedar# confine, shut up
#empenar# pledge; #-se# pledge oneself, intercede
#empeno# pledge, engagement; undertaking; effort; earnest desire;
resolution, firmness; insistence
#empezar# begin
#emplear# employ; #-se# devote oneself
#emponzonar# poison
#empuje# _m._ push; pressure
#empunar# grasp
#emulo# rival, emulator
#enamorado# enamored; #tan --# as much in love
#enardecer# kindle, inflame
#encaminar# guide
#encargar# charge; #-se de# take charge of
#encargo# charge, duty; commission; #en mi --# assigned to me
#encarnacion# incarnation
#encarnizarse en# be fleshed in, wound
#encerrar# enclose, confine
#encierro# enclosure, prison
#enconar# irritate, aggravate, increase
#encono# rancor, malevolence
#encontrar# find, meet
#enemigo# enemy; hostile, unfriendly
#enemistad# enmity; #palabras de --# angry words
#enero# January
#enfermedad# illness, sickness
#enfermo# sick; sick man, patient; #los -s# the sick
#enganar# deceive; #-se# be deceived, be mistaken
#engano# deception, mistake; #-s# illusion
#engendrar# engender, generate, produce
#enjugar# dry
#enlace# _m._ union, marriage
#enmudecer# remain silent
#enojado# angry, in anger
#enredarse# turn, coil about
#enriquecerse# become rich
#ensangrentado# bloody, bloodstained
#ensangrentar# stain with blood
#ensayo# trial, effort, attempt
#ensenado# taught, trained
#entender# understand; #a mi --# in my opinion
#enterarse de# find out, know
#entereza# fortitude
#entero# entire, complete
#entonces# then, at that time
#entrambos# both
#entranas# entrails, vital organs; heart
#entrar# enter
#entre# between, in the midst of; #-- vos y yo# we two, you and I
#entrega# delivery, surrender
#entregar# give, deliver, hand over
#envenenado# poisoned
#enviar# send
#envuelto# enveloped
#ermita# hermitage
#escandalo# scandal
#escaparse# escape
#escarmentar# punish severely
#escarnecer# mock
#escaso# scarce; vain, fruitless
#esclavo# slave
#escolta# escort, guard
#escondido# hidden; hiding
#escribir# write
#escrito# writing
#escrupulosidad# conscientiousness
#escuchar# listen to, heed, answer
#esfuerzo# effort, efforts
#eso# that; #por --# therefore, for that reason
#esotro, -a# that other; #a esotra puerta# try the other door
(_meaning_, she hears nothing)
#espada# sword
#espanto# terror
#espantoso# terrible
#espectador# spectator
#espectro# specter, ghost
#espejo# mirror; model; #-- de mano# handmirror
#esperanza# hope
#esperar# hope, expect, wait for, await
#espina# thorn
#espiritu# _m._ spirit, soul, mind; liquor, liquid; #de --# mental
#esposa wife; #-- del Senor# bride of Christ, nun
#esposo# husband; #-s# husband and wife
#esquivo# reserved, cold
#estallar# burst, break forth
#estar# be; #-se# remain; #-- de Dios# be in God's power
#estilo# style; #por el --# like this, of this sort
#esto# this; #en --# thereupon
#estorbar# hinder, get in one's way
#estrado# drawing-room
#estrechar# press, embrace
#estrecho# narrow, small
#estremecerse# shudder
#estrenar# present for the first time
#estudio# study
#eterno# eternal; #el --# God
#evitar# avoid
#excusar# excuse; avoid; #excusadme el presenciar# excuse my not
witnessing
#exhalar# breathe forth, give expression to
#existir# exist, live; be born
#explicacion# explanation
#explicar# explain
#expresar# give expression to
#extranjero# foreign; foreigner
#extrano# strange
#F#
#fabricar# build up, contrive, devise
#faccion# feature
#facil# easy
#facilmente# easily
#facineroso# wicked, criminal
#falaz# false, deceptive
#falda# lap; #la materna --# in our mothers' arms
#falsia# falsity, deceit
#falso# spurious, unreal
#falta# lack; ?#que -- hace a#? what need has ... of?
#faltar# lack, fail, be lacking; #los dias que me faltan que vivir# the
days that are left to me of life
#fallecer# fail; die
#fama# good name
#fantasma# phantom, spirit
#fatigar# weary
#favor# _m._ favor, help
#favorecer# have mercy upon
#faz# _f._ face
#fe# _f._ faith, religion; loyalty; promise; #a --# by my faith
#feliz# fortunate
#fenecer# end, expire
#fenecido# ended, at an end
#feo# ugly
#feretro# coffin, bier
#feroz# cruel, ferocious
#fervido# fervid, ardent
#ferviente# fervent
#festin# _m._ banquet, entertainment
#fiel# faithful, sincere, true
#fiera# wild animal, savage beast
#fiero# cruel
#figurarse# imagine, believe
#fijo# fixed; staring
#fin _m._ end; death; #al --# at last, after all; #en --# at last, in
short; #por --# at last, in the end; #tener su --# terminate, expire
#final# _m._ end
#fingir# feign, pretend, dissemble
#fino# fine, perfect; perfectly, faithfully
#firma# signature
#firme# strong
#firmeza# constancy, stability
#flor# _f._ flower
#florido# flowery
#fogoso# spirited
#fondo# bottom; background, back of stage
#forastero# stranger
#forcejar# struggle
#formar# form, make up
#fortaleza# fortitude, firmness
#fortuna# fortune; #por -- mia# fortunately for me; #por mas--# still
more fortunately
#forzoso# forced, obligatory; #ser --# be necessary
#frances, -esa# French
#franco# frank, outspoken; frankly
#franqueza# frankness
#frenesi# _m._ frenzy, fury
#frenetico# frantic
#frente# _f._ forehead, face
#frio# cold
#fuego# fire; death at the stake; #a sangre y a --# with fire and sword
#fuera# outside; away with; #-- de# away from
#fuera# _imp. subj. of_ #ser# _or_ #ir#
#fuero# right, law
#fuerte# strong, vigorous, brave
#fuerza# force, power, strength; #a -- de# by dint of; #-- es# it is
necessary, it must perforce
#fuga# flight
#fugaz# fleeting
#fulano# such a one; #un tal --# Mr. So-and-so
#fulgido# bright, resplendent
#fundado# well founded
#fundar# found, base
#funesto# fatal, sad; #el fin os llega --# a disastrous end awaits you
#furia# fury, rage
#furioso# furious, raging
#furor# _m._ fury, rage, passion
#G#
#gabinete# _m._ private room; boudoir
#gala# wedding dress; #-s# fine clothes, gala attire; #-- del himeneo#
bridal trousseau
#galan# _m._ lover
#galano# gallant; splendidly dressed
#gallardo# brave, gallant, daring
#ganar# gain, win
#garganta# neck
#gargantilla# necklace
#gavilla# gang, band
#gemir# groan
#genio# genius; spirit; #-- infernal# evil spirit
#gente# _f._ people, company, retinue; family; #-- aragonesa# people
from Aragon; #llamad --# call some one
#golpe# _m._ blow
#gotico# Gothic
#gozar# enjoy, take pleasure in
#gozo# joy; #con --# joyfully, gladly
#grabar# engrave
#grande# great, large; effective
#grato# pleasing; welcome
#gravemente# seriously
#gravisimo# most grievous, serious
#grito# cry
#Guadalaviar# _or_ #Turia# _river rising in the Province of Teruel and
flowing into the Mediterranean at Valencia_
#guarda# _m., f._ guard
#guardar# keep, preserve, guard, maintain
#guardia# guard
#guarnicion# guard, hilt
#guerrero# warrior, soldier
#guiar# guide, direct, control
#gustar# please
#gusto# pleasure
#gustoso# joyful, glad; joyously
#H#
#haber# have; #-- de# have to, be going to, be to, must, _etc._; #me has
de acompanar# you are to accompany me; #no han de veros# you must not be
seen; ?#quien ha de ser#? who else should it be? ?#que hay#? what is
wrong? #poco ha# a short time ago; #quince anos ha# fifteen years ago
#habitacion# room
#habitar# live, dwell
#hablar# speak
#hacer# make, do; be (_in expressions of time_); #-- caso de# give heed
to, listen to; #-- vano# frustrate, render harmless; #-- por# try, make
an effort to; #hazle entrar# show him in; #haz que vea# let me see;
#hace poco# a short time ago; #hacia tanto# for so long; #hara tres
meses# about three months ago; #-se# take place
#hacia# toward; #-- aqui# in this direction
#hacienda# property, wealth, riches
#hallar# find; #bien hallado# I am glad to see you; #-se# find oneself;
be; #-se con# have, possess
#hambre# _f._ hunger
#hartar# satiate; #para -me# until I am satiated
#hasta# until; even; #-- que# until
#hecha# _p.p. fem. of_ #hacer#; #poner -- una imagen# make pretty as a
picture
#hechizo# charm, fascination
#hecho# fact
#hecho# _p.p. of_ #hacer#; accustomed, used; turned into; becoming
#hediondo# fetid, foul
#heredar# inherit
#herencia# inheritance; wealth
#herida# wound
#herido# wounded; wounded man
#herir# wound, strike
#hermano, -a# brother, sister
#hermoso# beautiful; #hermosa# beautiful woman
#hiciera# _imp. subj. of_ #hacer#
#hiel# _f._ gall, bitterness
#hierro# iron; steel; brandiron; #-s# chains
#hijo, -a# son, daughter
#himeneo# marriage; #galas del --# bridal trousseau
#historia# story
#hito# fixed; #de -- en# fixedly
#hoguera# fire; #una --# death at the stake
#holgar# please; #me holgara# (_for_ #holgaria#) it would please me
#hollar# tread upon
#hombre# man
#hondo# deep
#honesto# virtuous
#honrado# honorable, respectable
#honrar# honor
#hora# hour; time; #en buen --, en -- buena# indeed; well and good; and
welcome
#horrendo# frightful, horrible
#horroroso# horrible, terrible
#hospedaje# _m._ lodging; hospitality
#hoy# to-day; now; #desde --# this very day, from now on; #--mismo# this
very day, even to-day; #-- dia# in these days
#hoyo# hole, pit
#hubo# (_3d pret. of_ #haber#) there was
#hueco# hollow; depths
#huella# footprint
#huesa# grave
#huir# flee, fly, slip away
#humanidad# humaneness, kindness
#humedo# damp, humid
#humildad# humility
#hundir# hurl, throw, beat down; #-se# sink
#I#
#idioma# _m._ language
#idiotez# idiocy
#idolatrar# idolize
#iglesia# church
#ignorar# ignore; not to know; #-se# be unknown
#igual# equal; alike
#igualdad# equality
#ileso# sound; without blemish
#ilusorio# illusory, deceptive
#ilustre# noble, illustrious
#imagen# _f._ image, picture
#imbecil# imbecile; simple
#impedir# prevent, stop
#impetu# _m._ impetus; impetuosity
#impio# faithless; wicked
#imponer# impose
#importar# be important; #no importa# no matter
#imprimir# impress, stamp
#incapaz# incompetent, unfit
#incentivo# encouragement
#inclinacion# inclination, love
#inclinar# bend, bow
#incluir# include
#incorporarse# sit up in bed
#indagacion# investigation
#indicar# mean, indicate
#indole# _f._ temper; nature
#indudable# indubitable, certain
#indulgencia# indulgence, toleration
#inerte# inanimate, lifeless
#infalible# infallible, sure
#infame# infamous
#infantil# childish; #amor --# love of childhood
#infausto# unlucky, ill-fated, ill-starred
#infecto# infected, tainted
#infelicidad# misfortune
#infeliz# unfortunate; unfortunate man; #alguna --# an unhappy woman
#infiel# disloyal, faithless; infidel
#infierno# hell
#informarse# inquire, ask
#ingrato# ungrateful
#inmaculado# immaculate
#inmediato# adjoining, next
#inmolar# sacrifice
#inmovil# motionless
#inmovilidad# immobility
#inquietud# solicitude, anxiety, worry; #estar con --# worry, be anxious
#insensato# foolish; fool
#inspirar# inspire, inspire in
#instante# _m._ instant, moment; #en el --# at once, immediately
#instar# urge
#insufrible# intolerable
#intensidad# intensity
#intentar# try; intend to do
#inundar# inundate, flood
#inutil# vain, useless
#inverosimil# improbable
#invocar# invoke, call
#ir# go, be, _etc_.; #-- a# be about to; #-- a parar# lead to, come to
an end; pierce; #van llegando# they keep arriving _or_ continue to
arrive; #se fue retirando atras# kept drawing back; #va mi vida# my life
is at stake; #-se# go away, disappear
#ira# fury, rage, passion; #-s# anger
#iracundo# passionate
#irritado# angry
#irritarse# get angry, become furious
#izquierdo# left; #a la izquierda# at the left
#J#
#jamas# ever, never
#jardin# _m._ garden
#jerga# coarse cloth
#Jesus# Heavens; Heaven help me
#Jope, Japa# Joppa (_ancient seaport of Jerusalem and important
commercial center in the time of the Crusades. Modern Jaffa_)
#jornada# journey
#joven# young; young man
#joya# jewel, piece of jewelry
#jubilo# joy
#judio# Jew
#juez# judge
#jugar# play
#juicio# judgment
#junta# council, meeting
#juntar# assemble, amass, get together; summon
#junto (a)# near, at the side of; #-s# together
#jurar# swear, vow
#justicia# justice; #en --# rightly
#juventud# youth
#juzgarse# consider oneself
#L#
#labio# lip; tongue
#labor# _f._ needlework, embroidery
#lado# side; #por este --# this way
#lagrima# tear
#lana# wool; garment of wool
#lance# _m._ incident, happening; conflict, struggle; critical moment
#lanzar# hurl, throw; give off, reflect; utter violently
#largo# long
#lastima# pity
#lastimarse# be sorry, grieve, regret
#lateral# at the side (_of the stage_)
#latir# beat, palpitate
#lazo# bond
#leal# loyal; loyally
#lecho# bed
#leer# read
#lejano# distant
#lejos de# far from
#lengua# tongue
#lenguaje# _m._ language, speech, manner of speech
#lentamente# slowly
#lento# slow
#lerdo# slow, heavy; #lerdas# dawdlers
#letra# letter; writing, handwriting
#levantar# raise; #-se# arise
#ley# _f._ law, religion, loyalty; #sin --# faithless, treacherous
#liberal# generous
#libertad# liberty
#libertar# free, rescue, set free
#libico# Libyan; #libica region# Northern Africa (_Libya was the ancient
name of Northern Africa_)
#librar# free, save, protect.
#libre# free; at will; released; libertine, licentious
#licencia# permission
#licito# permissible
#lid# _f._ fight, struggle, conflict, duel
#lidiar# fight
#lienzo# linen cloth, piece of linen
#ligar# bind
#limitar# limit; #-se a# do no more than; #-- terminos a# form
boundaries of, bound
#limpiar# wipe, cleanse
#lindo# pretty
#lisonjero# flattening, complimentary
#liviano# light; fickle, faithless
#lo que# what; how much; as long as
#lobreguez# darkness
#loco# mad, insane; foolish
#lograr# gain, succeed, be able to; #-- de# convince, persuade; #-- que
diga mi lengua# get my tongue to say; #-- vencer# have gained the
victory; #no he logrado que deis# I have not succeeded in getting you to
give
#lucero# morning star; #-s# eyes (_poetical_)
#lucha# struggle
#luchar# struggle
#luego# then, soon, next
#lugar# _m._ place; village; stead; #dar -- a# result in
#lujoso# luxurious
#luna# moon; moonlight; #la -- media# crescent (_device on the
Mohammedan standard_)
#lustro# lustrum (_period of five years_)
#luz# _f._ light
#LL#
#llamar# call, summon
#llanto# weeping; tears
#llegada# arrival
#llegar# arrive, reach, come, enter, _etc._; #-se# approach; #-- a
brindar# go so far as to offer, even offer; #-- a enterarse# come to
know, find out at last; #-- a saber# find out, discover; #si lo llego a
pensar# should I ever think that; #si llegaseis a conocer# if you could
only know; #os llega funesto# a disastrous end awaits you; #en llegando#
on his arrival
#lleno# full, filled
#llevar# take, carry, bear; lead: wear; live; get away; #-- de# live,
spend in; #-se# carry away, lead along; #-- me a casar# take me to the
marriage altar; #-- a cabo# carry out; #el alma se llevan# they take my
spirit with them
#llorar# weep, weep for, lament; #llorando# in tears
#lloro# weeping, tears
#M#
#madre# mother; Virgin Mary
#magra# rasher, slice of ham, pork
#mal# _m._ evil; misfortune
#mal# _adv._ bad, badly; hardly, scarcely
#maldecido# accursed
#maldecir# execrate, imprecate, curse
#maldicion# curse, malediction
#maldito# accursed
#malogrado# unfortunate
#maltratar# maltreat, abuse
#malvado# wicked
#manar# flow
#mancebo# youth, young man
#mancha# stain, blot, blemish
#manchar# stain
#mandar# order, command; cause; #-- sepultar# have buried
#manera# manner; #de aquesa --# like that, in that condition; #de --
que# such that
#manifestar# prove
#mano#, _f._ hand
#mansion# abode, place of habitation
#mantener# keep, maintain, retain
#manana# morning, to-morrow
#maquinalmente# mechanically
#maquinar# plan, contrive
#mar# _m._ sea #maravillado# amazed, filled with wonder
#maravillar# surprise
#marcar# impress, brand
#marcial# military
#marchar# go away, depart, leave, #-se# go away, go off
#margen# _m., f._ margin, bank
#marido# husband
#martirio# torture, martyrdom
#mas# but
#mas# more, most; higher; moreover; still more; #no --# no longer; #--
que, -- de# more than; #no hay --# there is no other; #por -- que#
however, however much
#mascara# mask
#matar# kill; #-- de celos# afflict with jealousy
#materno# maternal
#mayor# greater, greatest
#mazmorra# dungeon
#medico# doctor
#medio# middle, midst
#meditar# meditate, reflect
#mejor# better; greater
#mella# indentation, impression
#menear# move, stir
#menester# _m._ need, necessity; #ser --# be necessary
#mengua# shame
#menguado# diminished; unhappy; #hora menguada# in a fatal moment
#menor# lesser, smaller
#menos# less; except; #lo --, al --# at least
#mensajero# messenger
#mentar# mention, relate
#mentido# false
#mentir# lie
#mentira# lie; #es --# it is not true
#mercader# _m._ merchant
#merced# mercy; favor, kindness; #-- a# thanks to; #hacer --# benefit
#merecer# merit, deserve, claim
#mesa# table
#mezclar# mix
#miedo# fear
#mientras# while, whilst; as long as
#milagro# miracle
#mirad# (_imper. 2d pl. of_ #mirar#) bear in mind, consider
#mirada# glance, look, gaze
#mirar# see, look at; bear in mind, remember; #-- por# look out for;
#miren# just look; #-se# look at oneself, be reflected
#miserable# wretch, miserable fellow
#misero# wretched
#mismo# same; very; #por lo --# therefore
#misterio# mystery
#mitad# middle, half
#mitigar# mitigate, appease
#mocedad# youth
#moderar# moderate
#modo# way, means; #?de que --?# in what way, how?
#modorra# drowsiness
#monstruo# monster, wicked person
#Monzon# _small town in Catalonia, between Saragossa and Barcelona_
#morada# abode, dwelling
#morder# bite; #-- la tierra# bite the dust
#morir# die; kill; #mas que a --# far worse than death
#morisco# Moorish; Morisco
#moro# Moor, Moorish
#mortaja# shroud
#mostrar# show
#muchacho# boy
#mudanza# change (_of mind or purpose_)
#mudar# change; #-- de casa# move into another house
#mudo# dumb, mute
#muerte# _f_. death; #de --# mortal
#muerto# dead; #el --# the dead man
#mujer# _f._ woman, wife
#mundo# world
#muralla# wall; rampart
#muriendo# _(ger. of_ #morir#) dying, in mortal pain
#muro# wall
#musulman, -a#, Mohammedan
#N#
#nacer# be born, come into the world; spring; grow; #al --# at birth;
#anticipado al --# present before birth, prenatal; #?de que ha nacido?#
what has been the cause of?
#nada# nothing
#nadie# no one
#narcotico# narcotic, sleeping potion
#nariz# _f._ nose
#naturaleza# nature
#necesitado# needy; one in need of
#necesitar# need, have need of
#necio# foolish; fool
#negar# deny, refuse
#negociar# negotiate; #-- con# induce
#negro# black, dark; sad, gloomy; hostile
#ni# neither, either; even; #-- ... --# neither ... nor; #-- siquiera#
not even
#nieve# _f._ snow
#nino, -a# boy, girl
#noble# noble; nobleman
#nobleza# nobility, generosity
#noche# _f._ night; #esta --# to-night; #esta -- misma# this very night
#nombre# _m._ name
#norabuena (en hora buena)# all right; good!
#noticia# news, account, information, announcement
#notorio# notorious
#novedad# novelty; news; #?es --?# is it unusual? #?es -- que?# is it a
secret that?
#novio, -a# bridegroom, bride; #?que trazas estas de novias?# isn't she
a fine bride? (_ironical_)
#nube# _f._ cloud, mist
#nueva# news, tidings
#nuevo# new
#nunca# never, ever
#O#
#o# or, either
#obedecer# obey
#obligacion# obligation, duties
#obra# work
#obrar# work; bring about
#obsequioso# obliging, courteous
#ocasion# chance, opportunity
#ocultar# hide, conceal
#oculto# hidden; secretly
#ocupar# occupy; #-se de# busy oneself with, give oneself up to; #ocupad
la silla# sit down, be seated
#odiar# hate
#odio# hate, hatred
#odioso# hateful
#ofender# insult, outrage; be offensive; trouble
#ofensa# offence, insult; #hacer -- de# feel offended by
#ofrecer# offer; be willing
#ofrecimiento# offer; promise
#ofrenda# votive offering; sacrifice
#oido# ear
#oir# hear, listen to
#iojala!# would that they had!
#ojo# eye
#olvidar# forget
#opinion# reputation, good name
#oponerse a# oppose
#oprobio# shame
#opulencia# opulence, luxury
#opulento# wealthy
#orbe# _m._ world
#ordinario# ordinary; #de --# regularly
#orgullo# pride
#orgulloso# proud
#orilla# bank, shore; edge, brink; bounds; #-s# on the edge, brink (of)
#osar# dare
#osculo# kiss
#oscuro# dark
#otorgar# grant
#otro# other
#P#
#pacifico# peaceful
#padecer# suffer, endure
#padecer# _m._ suffering, sorrow
#padre# father; #-s# parents; #el -- nuestro# the Lord's Prayer
#paga# payment
#pagar# pay; repay; pay for
#paisano# countryman; fellow countryman
#paja# straw
#paje# _m._ page
#palabra# word; promise
#palma# palm; hand; #-s# palm leaves; hands
#palpitar# beat, palpitate
#pan# _m._ bread; #a --# on bread
#par# even; #abrirse de -- en --# be thrown wide open
#para# for; in order to; as; #-- con# compared with; #--siempre#
forever; #-- que# in order that
#paradero# whereabouts
#parado# standing still, stopped short
#paramo# desolate plain, desert
#parar# stop; be; reside, live; #-se# stop; #ir a --# pierce; #en esto
paran# this is the end of
#parecer# seem; appear; #?que os parece#? how do you like?
#parecido# resembling; #todo --# closely resembling, very much like
#parpado# eyelid
#parte# _f._ part; place; #por otra --# moreover
#partida# parting, departure
#partido# match, game
#partir# depart, leave, set out; split, divide
#pasar# pass, happen; suffer; #-- con# happen to; #-- por# pass by; call
at; #lo que pasa# what is going on
#pasion# passion, love
#paso# step
#patria# native country _or_ place
#paz# _f._ peace
#pecho# breast; heart; #de -- blando# tender-hearted
#pedazo# piece; #-s del corazon# beloved ones
#pedir# ask for, call for, demand; #pidiendo a voces# calling loudly for
#peligro# danger
#pena# pain, sorrow, grief, suffering, affliction, regret; #-s#
distress; #en -- de# in punishment for
#pender de# depend on
#pensamiento# thought, mind
#pensar# think, intend, expect
#pequeno# little, small
#percibir# perceive, feel; smell
#perder# lose; destroy, ruin; #-se# be lost
#perdida# loss
#perdonar# pardon
#perecer# perish, die
#peregrino# strange; pilgrim
#perfidamente# perfidiously, through _or_ by treason
#perfido# perfidious, unfaithful; traitor
#perjuro# perjured; disloyal, unfaithful
#permitir# permit; #permita Dios# God grant
#perseguir# pursue
#persona# person; #-s# cast, characters (_in a play_); #tu --# you
#persuadirse# be persuaded _or_ convinced
#pesadumbre# _f._ sadness, sorrow, grief; displeasure
#pesar# weigh, be heavy, grieve
#pesar# _m._ sorrow, grief
#pestanear# blink
#piadoso# pitiful, merciful
#pie# _m._ foot
#piedad# pity, mercy
#piedra# stone
#pieza# piece; room; #buena -- a# shameless creature
#pincel# _m._ brush
#pintar# paint; describe
#pisada# footstep
#pisar# tread upon, trample; despise; cross
#placeme# _m._ congratulation
#planta# sole of the foot; foot
#plantar# set up
#platica# talk; #-- sin provecho# idle, useless talk
#plazo# term, time set; #corrido el --# the expiration of the time set
#plegaria# prayer
#poblador# founder, settler
#pobre# poor
#pobrecillo# poor fellow
#pobrecito# poor fellow
#poco# little, small, few; #-- ha# a short time ago
#poder# be able, can, may, _etc._, be able to do; #hasta -- salir# until
he was able to get out
#poder# _m._ power
#poderoso# powerful, strong; wealthy
#pomito# small flask, vial
#poner# put, set, fix, put on; #-- en# give, offer; #-- termino#
terminate; #-- hecha una imagen# make pretty as a picture; #pon aqui#
give me
#por# for, because of, out of, as, by way of, in order to, in the name
of, through, in; #-- ahora# for the present; #-- alla# thereabouts; --
#alli# along there; #-- aqui cerca# in this vicinity; #-- dentro#
within, from within; off the stage; #-- este lado# this way; #-- el# as
far as he is concerned; #-- si# in itself; through his own efforts; #--
la noche# at night; #-- ser# because I am; #-- mas que# however, however
much
#porque# because, for, in order that
#?por que?# why
#porque# _m._ cause, reason
#porte# _m._ conduct, bearing
#pos: en -- de# after, in pursuit of
#postrado# prostrate; #-- por el suelo# humbled to the dust
#postrar# prostrate, cast down; #-- por el suelo# overthrow, make bite
the dust
#postrero# last
#potro# rack, torture
#precioso# precious
#precipitado# precipitate, hasty
#preciso# necessary
#preferir# prefer
#preguntar# ask, ask about, question
#premiar# reward
#prenda# pledge, token; treasure; beloved one, sweetheart; #-s#
qualities, appearance; #idolatrada --# object of worship; #-- querida#
beloved one, dearest
#prendarse de# fall in love with
#prender# take, capture; take root
#presagio# omen
#presenciar# witness, be present at
#presentarse# appear
#presentir# have a presentiment _or_ foreboding of
#presidir# preside
#preso# prisoner
#prestar# lend, give
#presto# soon, quickly
#pretender# solicit, seek, desire; try, endeavor
#prevenir# announce
#prevision# foresight
#primero# first; rather; #-- que# before
#princesa# princess
#principal# noble; #varon --# gentleman, man of honor
#principe# _m._ prince
#principiar# begin
#prisa# haste
#prision# prison; #prisiones# bonds
#privar# deprive
#probar# taste; take
#procurar# try, endeavor
#prodigar# lavish upon
#prodigio# marvel
#prodigioso# marvelous; remarkable
#profugo# fugitive from justice, outlaw
#profundo# deep
#projimo# fellow man; person; fellow
#prometer# promise, offer
#pronosticar# predict
#pronto# ready; quickly, at once
#pronunciar# pronounce, speak
#propicio# propitious, favorable
#propio# proper; #la propia Zulima# Zulima herself
#proponerse# resolve
#proporcionar# provide with, furnish
#proposito# purpose; #a --# for the purpose, suitable
#proscenio# proscenium, front of stage (_that part of stage between the
curtain and the orchestra_)
#proseguir# continue
#proteger# protect
#provecho# profit; #sin --# idle, useless
#providencial# providential; #acto --# act of providence
#provido# provident; providently
#provocar# cause
#proximo# next, near; approaching
#prueba# proof
#pudiera# (_imp. subj. of_ #poder#) might, might well; #mal --# I could
hardly be so....
#pueblo# people; town
#puerta# door; #a esotra --# try the other door (she hears nothing)
#pues# then, well, well then; #-- bien# well then, very well
#puesto# (_p.p. of_ #poner#) set; #puesta ya en salvo# as soon as she has
escaped
#puesto# place, post
#pujanza# power, might
#punta# point
#punto# point; place; #al --# at once
#punal# _m._ poniard, dagger
#pureza# purity
#Q#
#que# that, who; in order that; for; when; #dire -- no# I shall refuse
#?que?# what; how? #?A que?# why?
#quebrantar# break
#quebrar# break, burst
#quedar# remain; be left; be; #-- con# retain, be left with; #-se#
remain; #se quedo triste# she was sad when I left
#queja# complaint; #dar -s# make complaints, complain
#quemar# burn
#querella# complaint
#querer# wish; love; wish to keep; #dondequiera# wherever he pleases;
#no lo quiera Dios# God forbid; #Dios quiso# it was God's will; #quiso#
she tried
#quien# who; he who, the one who, she who; #tienen -- los#
#defienda# they have some one to defend them
#quieto# quiet; quietly
#quince# fifteen
#quiso# _see_ #querer#
#quitar# take off _or_ away _or_ from
#quiza# perchance, perhaps
#R#
#rabioso# furious; passionate
#radiante# radiant, brilliant
#rasgar# rend, cut open, pierce
#rastro# trail
#rato# short time, while
#rayar# border on
#rayo# ray, flash of light, lightning, thunderbolt; #-- del cielo# by
the power of Allah
#razon# _f._ reason, reasoning; account, information; #razones#
intercession
#real# royal
#rebato# excitement, commotion
#rebelarse# revolt, resist
#rebelde# rebellious
#rebelion# rebellion
#recato# modesty
#recelar# fear, dread
#recibir# receive, admit, let in
#reclamar# claim as one's due, demand
#recobrar# recover
#recoger# pick up, take up, find
#reconvenir con# reproach for
#recordar# recall, remind; remember
#recorrer# run through, hurry through
#recuerdo# memory, recollection, remembrance; recognition
#rechazar# repulse
#rededor# _m._ surroundings; #al -- de# around
#redimir# redeem, liberate
#reflexion# reflection; hesitation, reluctance
#refugiado# refugee
#refugiarse# take refuge
#refundir# recast, rearrange
#regalo# present
#regla# rule, precept
#rehusar# refuse
#reina# queen
#reinar# reign; predominate; dwell, be
#reino# kingdom
#reir# laugh; #-se de# laugh at
#reja# grating
#relicario# locket
#remediar# remedy, help
#rencor# _m._ hatred; #-es# hatred, enmity
#rencoroso# rancorous, spiteful
#rendido# devoted
#rendimiento# submission
#rendir# give up, surrender, deliver, give in; return; overcome; #-se#
surrender
#renegado# renegade, deserter, traitor
#renunciar# renounce, give up
#reparar en# notice, observe
#reparo# criticism, censure
#repente# _m._ sudden movement; #de --# suddenly
#replicar# reply
#reponerse# recover
#repulsa# refusal
#rescate# _m._ ransom
#resentimiento# resentment, grudge
#resistir# resist, endure, stand
#resolver# determine, make up one's mind; #-se# resolve
#respirar# breathe, breathe again
#respuesta# answer
#restablecido# restored
#restar# remain; #lo que de vivir me resta# the rest of my life
#resucitado# returning from the dead
#resucitar# come to life
#resuelto# resolved, decided
#retardar# delay, detain
#retirarse# retreat, withdraw; go away; #se fue retirando atras# kept
drawing back
#retiro# secluded place; prison
#reto# challenge
#retrato# portrait, picture
#retrete# _m._ boudoir, dressing room
#revelacion# revelation; #que -- tan grata# what a welcome revelation
#revelar# reveal, show; #-se contra# oppose
#reverente# respectful
#reves# _m._ reverse, misfortune
#rey# _m._ king
#reyezuelo# petty king, kinglet
#rezar# pray, say in prayer, recite
#ricamente# richly
#rico# rich
#riesgo# danger, peril; dangerous situation, place of danger
#rigor# _m._ severity; disdain; #-es# severity, harshness
#rigoroso# austere
#rina# quarrel
#rio# river, stream; #a -s# in floods
#riqueza# riches, wealth; #-s# riches
#risa# laughter
#risueno# smiling, pleasant; #que alimentaba risuena# that nourished
with smiling hopes
#rodar# roll; be tossed about
#rodilla# knee
#rogar# ask, beseech, pray
#rojo# red
#romper# break, break open, break down, rend, destroy, tear up
#rostro# face
#roto# broken
#ruego# prayer, entreaty
#rugir# rage, roar
#ruin# base, depraved
#rumor# _m._ noise
#S#
#saber# know, know how to, be able, learn, be informed, find out; #-se#
be known; #al -se# on becoming known; #al -se mi delito# when my sin
became known
#sabio# wise; wisely
#sacar# draw, bring forth, take, take out
#sacerdote# _m._ priest
#saciar# satiate
#sacrilego# sacrilegious
#sagrado# sacred
#sala# room
#salir# go out, leave; get out; cast off; come out; go forth _or_ about;
enter (_stage_); #-- al camino# go out to meet
#salon# _m._ large hall
#salud# health
#salvador# _m._ savior
#salvar# save, rescue; conceal
#salve# _f. prayer to the Virgin Mary, beginning: Salve Regina_
#salvo# safe; safety; #puesta ya en --# as soon as she has escaped
#sangre# _f._ blood; race; family; #a -- y fuego# with fire and sword
#sangriento# bloody
#santo# holy
#sanudo# furious, wrathful
#satisfacer# satisfy
#sayal# _m._ sackcloth
#se# _2d per. imper. of_ #ser#
#secreto# secrecy
#sed# _f._ thirst
#sedicioso# seditious
#sediento de# thirsting for
#seducir# charm, captivate
#seguir# follow, pursue; continue
#segun# as, according to, just as; #-- se me dice# according to what
they tell me
#segundo# second
#seguro# safe, secure
#seis# six
#sellar# seal, stamp; outline
#sembrar# sow
#semejanza# likeness
#seno# breast, bosom, heart; cavity, enclosure
#sensible# sensitive
#sentado# seated
#sentarse# sit down
#sentido# sense; mind, consciousness; sentient being
#sentimiento# grief
#sentir# feel; hear
#sena# sign, proof; #por -s que# as proof that; for the reason that,
seeing that
#senal# _m._ indication, trace, proof, signal
#senalar# indicate, point to, show
#senor# _m._ master; Lord; sir, sire
#senora# lady, mistress; madam; #Nuestra --# Virgin Mary
#senorear# dominate; overtop
#separado# separate
#sepultar# bury
#sepultura# tomb
#ser# be; #el -- mujer# the fact that she is a woman; #-- propias de#
belong to; #-- de# belong to; #no soy mia# I do not belong to myself;
#siendo mal#, if it is evil; #?que ha sido de?# what has become of?
#ser# _m._ life, being, state
#sereno# serene, undisturbed
#servir# serve
#seso# sense, prudence; #hombre de --# prudent man
#severo# cruel
#si# if, whether; why; #por -- es# lest it be; #-- no# only, at least
#si# yes, indeed, truly; #creo que --# I believe it, so; #-- que# I know
well that; #-- tal# of course; #ello --# the fact is
#si# himself, herself, itself, _etc._; #por --# in itself
#siempre# always; #para --# forever; #-- que# whenever
#siete# seven
#siguiente# following
#silla# chair
#sillon# _m._ large chair, armchair
#sinceridad# sincerity
#singular# strange
#Sion# Zion, Jerusalem
#siquiera# even
#Siria# Syria
#soberana# queen, sovereign
#soberania# sovereignty
#soberano# supreme
#soberbio# proud
#sobrar# exceed, be more than enough; #todo me sobra# all the rest is
superfluous; #valor le sobra# he has more than enough courage
#sobre# on, upon; in regard to, as to, because of
#sobrellevar# endure
#sobresalto# start, sudden surprise
#socorro# help
#soldado# soldier
#soledad# loneliness
#soler# be wont, be accustomed to
#solo# alone, only; #a solas# alone
#solo# only
#soltar# discharge, give vent to, let loose
#sollozar# weep, sob
#sombra# spirit
#son# _m._ sound
#sonar# sound
#sonido# sound
#sonrisa# smile
#sonrojo# blush; shame; indignity; insult
#sonar# dream; #-- con# dream of; flatter oneself with
#sorprender# take by surprise
#sorpresa# surprise
#sosegar# rest
#sosiego# calm, peace of mind
#sospechar# suspect
#sostener# sustain, hold
#subdito# subject
#subir# ascend
#subterraneo# underground passage
#suceder# happen; #?que sucede?# what's wrong? what is it? #suceda lo
que suceda# come what may
#suceso# event, incident; #todo el --# all that has happened
#suelo# floor, pavement, ground
#sueno# dream
#suerte# _f._ fate; condition; #en --# by fate; #caber en -- a# be
decreed by fate for, be predestined for
#sufrido# patient, resigned
#sufrir# endure, suffer
#sujetar# dominate, overcome; bow, bend; ward off
#sujeto# subject, bound
#sultana# sultana (_wife of a sultan or Mohammedan ruler_)
#suma# sum, conclusion; #en --# in short, after all; nothing more
#sumido# sunk; buried
#sumiso# submissive, compliant
#sumo# excessive, extreme
#supe# (_pret. of_ #saber#) I found out _or_ learned
#superar# surpass
#suplica# prayer
#suplicar# beg, pray
#suplicio# punishment
#suplir# take the place of
#suponer# suppose, accept, take for granted
#supuesto# supposed
#suspender# postpone
#suspirar# sigh
#suspiro# sigh
#sustento# food
#susto# fear, fright
#sutil# sharp
#T#
#tacha# spot, blemish
#tal# certain, such a; #-- vez# perhaps
#talamo# bridal bed, bride chamber; #-- de# marriage with
#taller# _m._ shop, workshop
#tamano# such, so great
#tambien# also
#tampoco# neither, either
#tan# so; #-- ... como# as ... as
#tanto# so much; so long; #hacia --# for so long; #-- ... como# as well
as
#tardanza# delay
#tardar# delay; #-- mucho en# be long in
#tarde# late, too late
#teatro# theatre; stage
#techo# roof
#temblar# tremble with fear
#temer# fear
#temeridad# rashness; #ya poco distante de la --# that borders on
rashness
#temible# terrible, dreaded
#templar# temper, appease
#templario# Templar (_member of the military order founded 1118 for the
defence of the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem_)
#templo# church
#tenaz# tenacious, obstinate; profound
#tender# stretch, extend, lay out
#tener# have, take, receive; provide; consider; #-- de, -- que# have to;
#-- a bien# consider proper to, grant, be good enough to; #-- la culpa#
be to blame; #-- noticia# hear, learn; #-- por# consider as; #-- trazas
de# manage, succeed in; #ten# here it is
#termino# term, limited time, time set; boundary; #poner --# terminate;
#limitar -s# form the boundaries of, bound
#ternura# tenderness, love
#terreno# ground, earth
#Teruel# _capital of the Province of Teruel, Aragon, on the left bank of
the Guadalaviar, 72 miles northwest of Valencia. Pop. in 1910, 11,035_
#teson# _m._ tenacity, obstinacy
#tesoro# treasure
#testigo# witness
#tiempo# occasion; circumstances; #a --# in time; #tan a --# so
opportunely; #a buen --# opportunely; #-- hace que# some time ago
#tierno# tender, loving; young
#tierra# land, ground; floor; #morder la --# bite the dust
#tigre# tiger, tigress
#tiniebla# darkness; #-s# utter darkness
#tino# skill; skilful touch
#tinta# ink
#tirador# _m._ sharpshooter, marksman
#tirania# tyranny
#tirano# tyrant
#tocado# coiffure, arrangement of the hair
#tocar# touch; behoove, befit, be befitting; fall to the lot of; #a el
le toca# it is his place; #-- a visperas# ring for vespers
#todavia# still, yet; #no ...# not yet.
#todo# all; quite; #del --# entirely
#tomar# take, get; #toma# here
#toque# _m._ ringing of bells; #al -- de visperas# at the call to
vespers
#tormento# torment, sorrow
#tornar# turn, return
#torneo# tournament
#torre#, _f._ tower
#torreon# _m._ fortified tower
#trabar# join; enter into
#traer# bring, carry, fetch; lead; cause, produce; #-- la arrastrando#
drag her here
#traicion# treason; #a --# treacherously
#traidor, -a# false; traitor; wretch
#traje# _m._ dress; #en -- de# dressed as; #con -- de hombre# in male
attire
#traje, trajo# _pret. of_ #traer#
#trama# plot, conspiracy
#trance# _m._ peril, critical moment; #en -- tan decisivo# in such a
critical moment _or_ situation
#tranquilizarse# become quiet, be calm
#tras# after, behind, in the wake of
#trastornado# dazed
#trastornarse# be dazed, be overcome
#tratar# try; plan to; be acquainted with; #-- de# try; #-se de# be a
question of
#traza# aspect, appearance; #tener -- de# resemble, seem to be; ?#que -s
estas de novia#? isn't she a fine bride? (_sarcastic_)
#treinta# thirty
#tremendo# terrible, fatal, violent
#tremulo# trembling
#tres# three; #los --# all three of us
#triste# sad, unfortunate; unhappy man
#triunfante# victor
#triunfar# triumph; #-- de# triumph over; #se triunfa# victory is
achieved
#triunfo# triumph
#trocar# change, commute, convert; #-- en# exchange for
#tronco# trunk, tree
#trono# throne
#tropa# troop, company
#tropel# _m._ crowd; confusion
#tumulo# grave
#tumulto# tumult, commotion
#turba# crowd
#Turia# _or_ #Guadalaviar# _river rising in the Albarracin range in the
Province of Teruel and flowing into the Mediterranean at Valencia_
#U#
#ufano# arrogant, boastful; arrogantly
#ultimo# last; #por --# finally
#ultraje# _m._ outrage
#umbral# _m._ threshold
#unico# only
#unir# join, unite; #-os a mi# marry you
#usar# use; #para usado# when used, considering that it is used
#util# useful
#V#
#vacio# emptiness
#vagar# wander
#Valencia# _important seaport on the Mediterranean at the month of the
Guadalaviar or Turia. Pop, about 250,000. In 1021 it became the capital
of an independent Moorish kingdom. It was finally reconquered by James
of Aragon, El Conquistador, in 1238_
#valer# be worth; avail, help, protect; #mas vale# it is better
#valeroso# valiant
#valor# _m._ courage
#valle# _m._ valley
#vamos# well, come, come now
#vanidad# vanity, pride
#vano# vain, useless
#vanse# exeunt; they go off the stage
#varon# man; #-- principal# man of honor, gentleman
#vasallo# vassal, subject
#vase# exit
#vaya# come
#ve# _imper. 2d sing, of_ #ir#
#vecindad# vicinity
#vecino# citizen
#vedar# forbid
#velar# be watchful
#velo# veil
#veloz# swift, fleet
#vena# vein
#vencedor# conqueror, victor
#vencer# conquer, overcome
#vencimiento# expiration
#vender# sell
#veneno# poison
#venenoso# poisonous, venomous
#vengar# avenge, give vengeance; #-se# take vengeance
#vengativo# revengeful, vindictive
#venir# come; be; #bien venido# welcome; #viene a ser esta# can this be;
#que vino a dejarle# that left him at last; #venga# let me have it
#ventana# window
#ventura# good fortune, happiness; #por --# perchance
#venturoso# happy
#ver# see; #-se# see each other; be; #-se con vida# be still living; #a
--# tell me; come now; #ya ves# you see for yourself
#veras# reality, truth; #de --# in truth
#verdad# truth
#verdadero# real, genuine
#verdugo# executioner
#verter# shed, spread; #-- en# exceed, abound in; show up
#vestido# dress
#vestir# dress; put on; #vestida la cota# wearing his coat of mail
#vete# _imper. 2d sing. of_ #irse#
#vez# _f._ time; #en -- de# instead of; #una --# once; #tal --# perhaps;
#a veces# at times
#viaje# _m._ journey
#vicio# weakness
#vida# life; kind of life; #en --# while still living
#vileza# baseness
#villa# town, countryseat (_Because of certain privileges granted to it,
the_ #villa# _was thereby distinguished from_ #aldeas# _and_ #lugares#)
#villano# base, infamous; basely
#vinculo# bond
#vino# _3d per. pret. of_ #venir#
#violenta# against her will
#vispera# evening _or_ day before; #-s# vespers
#vista# sight; eyes
#visteis# _2d pl. pret. of_ #ver#
#vital# living; of life
#viuda# widow
#vivir# live, be alive, feel new life; #vive el cielo# by heavens
#vivir# _m._ life
#vivo# living; deep, keen, bright
#voceria# clamor, cries
#volar# fly, fly away
#voluntad# will, wishes
#volver# return; #-- a# turn away from; #-- a ser# be again; #-- en si#
return to consciousness
#vos, vosotros# _less formal than_ #Usted# _and more courteous than_
#tu# _when used in addressing one person_
#voto# vow; imprecation
#voz# _f._ voice; words; word of command; #es --# it is said, it is well
known; #a voces# shouting; loudly
#vuelta# return
#vuelto# _p.p. of_ #volver#
#vulgar# commonplace
#Y#
#ya# indeed, of course, at last, already, now, surely; and so, so then;
#-- ... no# no longer; #-- lo ves# you see for yourself; #-- en el
confin# in the very outskirts; #-- que# seeing that, since, now that,
just as
#yacer# lie
#yerno# son-in-law
#yerto# tense, rigid
#yugo# yoke
#Z#
#zaguan# _m._ entrance, hall
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Los Amantes de Teruel
by Hartzenbusch, Juan Eugenio
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LOS AMANTES DE TERUEL ***
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