The Project Gutenberg EBook of Two Dyaloges (c. 1549), by Desiderius Erasmus This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Two Dyaloges (c. 1549) Author: Desiderius Erasmus Release Date: December 28, 2004 [EBook #14500] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DYALOGES (C. 1549) *** Produced by David Starner, Louise Hope and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team
[Transcriber's note: The original text has no page
numbers. Marginal numbers are continuous, 1 through 51;
any gaps in the numbering represent blank (verso) pages.
Three apparent typographic errors
were corrected and are marked in the text
like this.
All other spelling and punctuation are as in the original.]
"The preface to the Reader"
(translator's introduction)
Dialogue: Cannius and Poliphemus
"The dialoge of thynges and names"
(Beatus and Bonifacius)
![[C]](images/c_symb1.png){kind=small}
Two dyalogesAnd prynted at Cantorbury
in saynt Paules paryshe
by Johñ Mychell.
![[+]](images/maltese_cross.png){kind=small}
Ucius Anneus Seneca amonge many other pratie
saienges (gentle reder) hathe this also, whiche in
my iudgement is as trew as it is wittie. Rogãdo
cogit qui rogat superior. And in effecte is thus
moch to say, yf a mãnes superior or his better
desyre any thige, he might aswell cõmãde it by
authoritie as ones to desyre it.
A gentleman a nere cosyn of myne, but moch nerer in fryndshyp, eftesones dyd instant and moue me to translate these two dyaloges folowynge, to whose getlenes I am so moch obliged, indetted and bounde, that he myght well haue cõmaunded me to this and more paynes: to whome I do not onely owe seruyce, but my selfe also. And in accõplysshynge of his most honest request (partly by cause I wolde not the moost inhumane fawte of Ingratitude shuld wor4thely be imputed to me, & that I might in this thynge also (accordynge to my bounden dutie) gratifie my frende) I haue hassard my selfe in these daungerous dayes, where many are so capcyous, some prone and redy to malygne & depraue, and fewe whose eares are not so festidious, tendre, and redy to please, that in very tryfles & thynges of small importaunce, yet exacte dylygence and exquisite iudgement is loked for and requyred, of them whiche at this present wyll attempte to translate any boke be it that the matter be neuer so base. But what diligence I have enployed in the translaciõ hereof I referre it to the iudgement of the lerned sort, whiche cõferynge my translacion with the laten dyaloges, I dowte not wyl condone and pardone my boldnesse, in that that I chalenge the semblable lybertie whiche the translatours of this tyme iustlie chalenge. For some heretofore submytting them selfe to seruytude, haue lytle 5respecte to the obseruaciõ of the thyng which in translacyõ is of all other most necessary and requisite, that is to saye, to rendre the sence & the very meanyng of the author, not so relygyouslie addicte to translate worde for worde, for so the sence of the author is oftentimes corrupted & depraued, and neyther the grace of the one tonge nor yet of the other is truely observed or aptlie expressed. The lerned knoweth yt euery tonge hathe his peculyer proprietie, phrase, maner of locucion, enargies and vehemêcie, which so aptlie in any other tõg can not be expressed. Yf I shal perceyue this my symple doinge to be thankefully taken, and in good parte accepted, it shall encorage me hereafter to attempte the translaciõ of some bokes dysposing of matters bothe delectable, frutefull, & expedient to be knowen, by the grace of God, who gyuynge me quyetnes of mynde, lybertie, and abylytie, shall not desyste to communicat the frute of my 6spare howers, to such as are not lerned in the laten tonge: to whome I dedycat the fyrste frutes of this my symple translacyon.
Oliphemus sygnifieth, valyant
or noble, and in an other sygnifi
cacion, talcatyfe or clybbe of tong. The
name of a Gyant called Cyclops,
hauynge but one eye in his forhed, of a
huge stature and a myghtie psonage.
And is aplyed here to sygnifie a great
freke or a lubber, as this Poliphemus
was, whiche beynge a man of warre or
a courtyer, had a newe testament in his
hande, and loked buselie for some
sentence or text of scrypture
and that Cannius his
companyõ espyed and
sayd to hî as
foloweth.
![[C]](images/c_symb2.png){kind=small}
The parsons names are Cannius and Poliphemus.
Annius. what hunt Polipheme for here?
Poliphem9. Aske ye what I hunt for here,
and yet ye se me haue neyther dogges, dart, Jauelyn,
nor huntyng staffe.
Cannius. Paraduenture ye hunt after some
praty nymphe of the couert.
Poliphemus. By my
trouth and well coniectured, be holde what a
goodly pursenet, or a hay I haue here in my hande.
Canni9. Benedicite, what a straunge syght is
this, me thinke I se Bachus in a lyons skin,
Poliphemus with a boke in his hande. This is a
dogge in a doblet, a sowe wt a sadle, of all
that euer I se it is a non decet.
Poliphe. I haue
not onely paynted and garnyshed my boke with
saffron, but also I haue lymmed it withe Sinople,
asaphetida, redleed, vermilõ, and byse.
Can. It is a warlyke boke, for it is furnished with knottes,
tassils 8plates, claspes, and brasen
bullyons.
Poliphe. Take the boke in your hand and
loke within it.
Canni. I se it wery well. Truly it
is a praty boke, but me thynkes ye haue not yet
trymmed it sufficiently for all your cost ye have
bestowed upon it.
Poliphe. Why what lackes it?
Canni. Thou shuldest haue set thyne armes upon it.
Poliphem9. what armes I beseche the?
Cãni9. Mary
the heed of Silenus, an olde iolthed drunkard
totynge out of a hoggeshed or a tunne, but in good
ernest, wherof dothe your boke dyspose or
intreate? dothe it teache the art and crafte to
drynke a duetaunt?
Poli. Take hede in goddes name
what ye say lest ye bolt out a blasphemie before
ye be ware.
Cãni9. why bydde ye me take hede what
I saye? is there any holy mattr in the boke?
Poli. what mã it is the gospell boke, I trow there
is nothynge can be more holye.
Canni9. God for
thy grace what hathe Poliphemus to do withe the
gospell?
9Poli. Nay why do ye not aske what a
chrysten man hathe to do with christe?
Canni9. I
can not tell but me thynkes a rousty byll or a
halbard wold become such a great lubber or a
slouyn as thou arte a great deale better, for yf
it were my chaûce to mete such one and knewe
him not upon seeborde, and he loked so lyke a
knaue and a ruffyã as thou dost I wolde take hym
for a pirate or a rouer upon the see/ and if I met
such one in the wood for an arrante thefe, and a
man murderer.
Poli. yea good syr but the gospell
teache vs this same lesson, that we shuld not
iudge any person by his loke or by his externall &
outwarde apparaunce. For lyke wyse as many tymes
vnder a graye freers coote a tyrannous mynde lyeth
secretly hyd, eue so a polled heed, a crispe or a
twyrled berde, a frowninge, a ferse, or a dogged
loke, a cappe, or a hat with an oystrich fether, a
soldyers cassocke, a payre of hoose all to cut and
manglyd, may co10uer an euangelycall mynde.
Cannius. why not, mary God forbyd elles, yea &
many tymes a symple shepe lyeth hyd in a wolfes
skynne, and yf a man maye credite and beleue the
fables of Aesope, an asse maye lye secretely
unknowen by cause he is in a lyons skynne.
Poliphe. Naye I knowe hym whiche bereth a shepe
vpon his heed, and a sore in his brest, to whome I
wold wysshe with al my hart that he had as whyte
and as fauorable frendes as he hathe blacke eyes.
And I wolde wisshe also that he were as well guylt
ouer and ouer as he hathe a colour mete to take
guyltynge.
Canni. Yf ye take hym to were a shepe
vpon his heed, that weareth a cappe of woll, howe
greuously than art thou lodyn, or what an
excedynge heuy burdê bearest thou then I praye the
whiche bearest a hoole shepe and an ostryche to
vpon thy heed? But what saye ye to hî doth not
he more folyssly which beareth a byrd vpon his
heed, and an asse in his 11brest.
Poliphemus.
There ye nypped & taunted me in dede.
Cannius. But
I wolde saye this geere dyd wonderous wel yf this
gospel boke dyd so adourne the with vertue as thou
hast adourned lymmed, and gorgiously garnysshed it
with many gay goodly glystryng ornamentes. Mary
syr thou hast set it forth in his ryght colours in
dede, wolde to god it might so adourne the with
good cõdiciõs that thou myghtest ones lerne to be
an honest man.
Poli. There shall be no defaute in
me, I tell you I wyll do my diligence.
Can. Naye
there is no doute of that, there shall be no more
faute in you now I dare say then was wonte to be.
Poli. Yea but (youre tarte tauntes, and youre
churlysshe checkes, and raylynges set asyde) tell
me I pray the this one thynge, do you thus
disprayse, condempne, or fynde faute with them
whiche caryeth aboute with them the newe testament
or the gospel boke?
Canni. No by my fayth do I not
good 12praty man.
Poliphe. Call ye me but a
praty one and I am hygher then you by ye length
of a good asses heed.
Can. I thynke not fully so
moche yf the asse stretch forth his eares, but go
to it skyllis no matter of that, let it passe, he
that bare Christ vpon his backe was called
Christofer, and thou whiche bearest the gospell
boke aboute with the shall for Poliphemus be
called the gospeller or the gospell bearer.
Polip.
Do not you counte it an holy thynge to cary aboute
with a man the newe testament?
Cãni. why no syr by
my trouth do I not, except thou graunte the very
asses to be holy to.
Poli. How can an asse be
holy?
Cannius. For one asse alone is able to beare
thre hundreth suche bokes, and I thynke suche a
great lubber as thou art were stronge inoughe to
beare as great a burden, and yf thou had a hansome
packesadle sette vpon thy backe.
Poliphe. And yet
for all your iestynge it is not agaynst good
reason to saye 13that ye asse was holy which
bore christ.
Cannius. I do not enuye you man for
this holynes for I had as lefe you had that
holynes as I, and yf it please you to take it I
wyll geue you an holy & a religious relyke of the
selfe same asse whiche christ rode vpon, and whan
ye haue it ye may kysse it lycke it and cull it as
ofte as ye lyst.
Poli. Mary syr I thanke you, ye
can not gyue me a more thanckefull gyfte nor do me
a greatter pleasure, for that asse withouten any
tayle was made as holye as any asse could be by
the touchynge of christes body.
Canni9. Undouted
they touched christes body also whiche stroke and
buffeted christ.
Poliphe. yea but tell me this one
thynge I praye the in good ernest. Is it not a
great sygne of holynes in a man to cary aboute the
gospel boke or the newe testament?
Cannius. It is
a token of holynes in dede if it be done without
hypocrysie, I meane if it be done without
dissimulacion/and for 14that end, intent &
purpose, that it shuld be done for.
Poliphe. What
the deuyl & a morten tellest thou a man of warre
of hypocrisie, away with hypocrisie to the monkes
and the freers.
Cannius. Yea but bycause ye saye
so, tell me fyrste I praye you what ye call
hypocrisie.
Po. When a man pretendis another thyng
outwardly then he meanis secretly in his mynde.
Cannius. But what dothe the bearynge aboute of the
newe testament sygnyfie. Dothe it not betoken that
thy lyfe shulde be conformable to the gospell
which thou carryest aboute with the.
Poli. I
thynke well it dothe.
Canni9. Wel then when thy
lyfe is not conformable to the boke, is not that
playne hypocrisie.
Poliph. Tell me thê what you
call the trewe carienge of the gospell boke aboute
with a man.
Cãni. Sõme men beare it aboute with
them in theyr hãdes (as the gray freers were wonte
to beare the rule of saynt Fraunces) and so the
porters of Londõ, Asses 15& horses may beare
it as well as they. And there be some other that
carry the gospel in theyr mouthes onlie, and such
haue no other talke but al of christ and his
gospell, and that is a very poynt of a pharysey.
And some other carrye it in theyr myndes. But in
myne opynion he beares the gospell boke as he
shuld do whiche bothe beares it in his hande,
cõmunes of it with his mouth whan occasyon of
edyfyenge of his neyghboure whan conuenyent
oportunytie is mynystred to him, and also beares
it in his mynde and thynkes vpon it withe his
harte.
Poli. Yea thou art a mery felow, where
shall a man fynde suche blacke swãnes?
Cannius. In
euery cathedrall church, where there be any
deacons, for they beare the gospel boke î theyr
hãde, they synge the gospell aloude, somtyme in a
lofte that the people may heare thê, althoughe
they do not vnderstand it, and theyr myndes are
vpõ it when they synge it.
Polphe. And yet for all
your 16sayenge all suche deacons are no
saynttes that beare the gospell so in theyr
myndes.
Cannius. But lest ye play the subtyle and
capcious sophystryar with me I wyll tell you this
one thynge before. No man can beare the gospell in
his mynde but he must nedes loue it from the
bothum of his harte, no man loueth it inwardly and
from the bothû of his harte but he must nedes
declare and expresse the gospell in his lyuinge,
outwarde maners, & behauour.
Poli. I can not skyll
of youre subtyle reasonynges, ye are to fyne for
me.
Can. Thê I wyll commune with you after a
grosser maner, and more playnly. yf thou dyddest
beare a tankard of good Reynyshe wyne vpon thy
shulders onelye, what other thynge were it to the
then a burden.
Poliphe. It were none other thynge
truly, it is no great pleasure so beare wyne.
Canni9. What and yf thou dranke asmoche as thou
coudest well holde in thy mouthe, after the manner
of 17a gargarisme & spyt it out agayne.
Po.
That wolde do me no good at all, but take me not
with suche a faute I trow, for the wyne is very
bad and if I do so.
Canni. But what and yf thou
drynke thy skynne full as thou art wont to do, whê
thou comest where good wyne is.
Poliphe. Mary
there is nothyng more godly or heuynly.
Canni9.It warmes you at the stomacke, it settes your body
in a heate, it makes you loke with a ruddy face,
and setteth your hart vpon a mery pynne.
Poliphe.
That is suerly so as ye saye in dede.
Canni. The
gospell is suche a lyke thynge of all this worlde,
for after that it hathe ones persed & entered in
the veynes of the mynd it altereth, transposeth,
and cleane changeth vpsodowne the whole state of
mã, and chaungeth hym cleane as it were into a
nother man.
Polip. Ah ha, nowe I wot wherabout ye
be, belyke ye thîke that I lyue not accordynge to
the gospell or as a good gospeller shulde do.
18Canni9. There is no man can dyssolue this
questiõ better then thy selfe.
Poli. Call ye it
dissoluynge? Naye and yf a thynge come to
dyssoluynge gyue me a good sharpe axe in my hande
and I trow I shall dyssolue it well inoughe.
Canni. What woldest thou do, I praye the, and yf a
man shulde say to thy teth thou lyest falsely, or
elles call the by thy ryght name knaue in
englysshe.
Poli. What wolde I do quod he, that is
a question in dede, mary he shulde feele the
wayghte of a payre of churlyshe fystes I warrant
the.
Canni. And what and yf a man gaue you a good
cuffe vpon the eare that shulde waye a pounde?
Poliphe. It were a well geuen blowe that wolde
aduauntage hym. xx. by my trouthe and he escaped
so he myght say he rose vpon his ryght syde, but
it were maruayle & I cut not of his head harde by
his shulders.
Canni. Yea but good felowe thy
gospell boke teacheth the to geue gentle answers,
and fayre wordes 19agayne for fowle, and to
hym that geueth the a blowe vpon the ryght cheke
to holde forth the lyfte.
Poliphe. I do remembre I
haue red suche a thinge in my boke, but ye must
pardone me for I had quyte forgotten it.
Can. Well
go to, what saye ye to prayer I suppose ye praye
very ofte.
Poli. That is euyn as very a touche of
a pharesey as any can be.
Cannius. I graunt it is
no lesse thê a poynte of a pharesey to praye longe
and faynedly vnder a colour or pretêce of holynes,
that is to saye when a man prayeth not frõ the
bothum of his hart but with the lyppes only and
from the tethe outward, and that in opyn places
where great resort of people is, bycause they wold
be sene. But thy gospel boke teacheth the to praye
contynually, but so that thy prayer come from the
bothu of the hart.
Poli. Yea but yet for all my
sayenge I praye sumtyme.
Can. When I beseche the
when ye art a slepe?
Poli. When it cometh in to
my mynde, ones 20or twyse may chaunce in a
weke.
Can. what prayer sayst thou?
Poliphe. The
lordes prayer, the Pater noster.
Canni. Howe many
tymes ouer?
Poli. Onis, & I trowe it is often
inoughe, for the gospell forbyddeth often
repetynge of one thynge.
Canni. Can ye saye
your pater noster through to an ende & haue youre
mynde runnynge vpon nothynge elles in all that
whyle?
Poli. By my trouthe and ye wyll beleue me I
neuer yet assayed nor proued whether I coulde do
it or no. But is it not sufficient to saye it with
my mouthe?
Can. I can not tell whether it be or
no. But I am sure god here vs not excepte we praye
from the bothum of our harte. But tell me another
thyng I wyll aske the. Doest thou not fast very
often?
Poli. No neuer in all my lyfe tyme and yf
it were not for lacke of meate.
Can. And yet thy
boke alowes and commendes hyghly bothe fastynge
and prayer.
Polip. So coulde I alowe them but that
my belly can 21not well affare nor a way with
fastyng.
Canni9. Yea but Paule sayth they are not
the seruauntes of Iesus Christe whiche serue theyr
belly & make it theyr god. Do you eate fleshe
euery day?
Po. No neuer when I haue none to eate,
but I neuer refuse it when it is set before me,
and I neuer aske question not for cõscience but
for my belly sake.
Can. Yea but these stronge
sturdy sydes of suche a chuffe and a lobbynge
lobye as thou arte wolde be fed well inoughe with
haye and barke of trees.
Poliphe. Yea but chryste
sayd, that which entereth in at the mouthe
defyleth not the man.
Canni. That is to be
vnderstand thus yf it be measurably taken, and
without the offendinge of our christian brother.
But Paule the disciple of chryst had rather
peryshe & sterue with hunger then onys to offende
his weyke brothren wt his eatynge, and he
exhorteth vs to followe his example that in all
thynges we maye please all men.
Poli. What tel
22ye me of Paule, Paule is Paule and I am I.
Canni9. Do you gladly helpe to releue the poore
and the indygent with your goodes?
Poli. Howe can
I helpe them whiche haue nothynge to gyue them,
and scant inoughe for my selfe.
Cannius. ye myght
spare somthynge to helpe thê with yf thou woldest
playe the good husband in lyuynge more warely, in
moderatynge thy superfluous expenses, and in
fallynge to thy worke lustely.
Poliphem9. Nay
then I were a fole in dede, a penyworth of ease is
euer worth a peny, and nowe I haue found so moch
pleasure in ease that I can not fall to no labour.
Canni. Do you kepe the commaundementes of god?
Polip. Nowe ye appose me, kepe the cõmaundementes
quod he, that is a payne in dede.
Cannius. Art
thou sory for thy synnes and thyne offences, doest
thou ernestly repent the for thê.
Poliphemus.
Christ hath payed the raunsome of synne and
satisfied for it alredy.
Cannius. Howe
23prouest thou then that thou louest the
gospell and fauoris the word of god as thou
bearest men in hande thou doest.
Poliphemus. I
wyll tell you that by & by, and I dare saye you
wyl confesse no lesse your selfe then that I am an
ernest fauorer of the worde then I haue told you
ye tale. There was a certayne gray frere of the
order of saynt Fraunces wt vs whiche neuer
ceased to bable and rayle agaynste the newe
testament of Erasmus, I chaunsed to talke with the
gêtylman pryuatly where no man was present but he
and I, and after I had communed awhyle with hym I
caught my frere by the polled pate with my left
hande and with my right hãde I drew out my daggar
and I pomelled the knaue frere welfauardly aboute
his skonce that I made his face as swollen and as
puffed as a puddynge.
Canni9. what a tale is
this that thou tellest me.
Poliphemus. How say you
is not this a good and a sufficient proue that I
fa24uer the gospell. I gaue hym absolucion
afore he departed out of my handes wt this newe
testament thryse layde vpon his pate as harde as I
myght dryue yt I made thre bunches in his heed
as bygge as thre egges in the name of the father,
the sone, & the holy goost.
Can. Now by my trouth
this was well done & lyke a ryght gospeller of
these dayes. Truly this is as they saye to
dyffende the gospell with the gospell.
Poliphe. I
met another graye frere of the same curryshe
couent, that knaue neuer had done in raylynge
agaynst Erasmus, so sone as I had espyed hym I was
styrred and moued with the brenninge zele of the
gospell that in thretenyng of him I made hym knele
downe vpon his knees and crye Erasmus mercie and
desyred me to forgyue hym, I may saye to you it
was hyghe tyme for hym to fall downe vpon his
marybones, and yf he had not done it by and by I
had my hal25barde vp redy to haue gyuen hym
betwyxt the necke and the heade, I loked as grymme
as modie Mars when he is in furyous fume, it is
trewe that I tell you, for there was inoughe sawe
the frere and me yf I wolde make a lye.
Canni9. I
maruayle the frere was not out of his wyt. But to
retourne to oure purpose agayne, dost thou lyue
chastly?
Poliphemus. Peraduenture I maye do here
after when I am more stryken in age. But shall I
confesse the trouthe to the?
Canni. I am no preest
man, ther fore yf thou wylt be shryuen thou must
seke a preest to whome thou maye be lawfully
confessed.
Poliphe. I am wont styl to cõfesse my
selfe to god, but I wyl confesse thus moche to the
at this tyme I am not yet become a perfyte
gospeller or an euangelical man, for I am but yet
as it were one of ye cõmune people, ye knowe wel
perde we gospellers haue iiii. gospels wrytten by
the .iiii. euange26lystes, & suche gospellers
as I am hunt busely, and chefely for .iiii.
thynges that we may haue. Unde. to prouyde dayntie
fare for the bellie, that nothynge be lackynge to
that parte of the body whiche nature hath placed
vnder the belly, ye wote what I meane, and to
obtayne and procure suche liuinge that we may lyue
welthely and at pleasure without carke & care. And
fynally that we maye do what we lyst without
checke or controlment, yf we gospellars lacke none
of all these thynges we crye and synge for ioye,
amonge our ful cuppes Io Io we tryumphe and are
wonderfull frolycke, we synge and make as mery as
cup and can, and saye the gospell is a lyue agayne
Chryst rayneth.
Cannius. This is a lyfe for an
Epycure or a god belly and for no euangelicall
persone that professeth the gospell.
Poli. I denye
not but that it is so as ye saye, but ye knowe
well that god is omnipotent and can do al thynges,
he can turne vs 27whê his wyll is sodenly in
to other maner of men.
Cannius. So can he
transforme you in to hogges and swyne, the whiche
maye soner be done I iudge thê to chaunge you into
good men for ye are halfe swynyshe & hoggyshe
alredy, your lyuynge is so beastlie.
Poliphe.
Holde thy peas mã wolde to god there were no men
that dyd more hurt in the world then swyne,
bullockes, asses, and camelles. A mã may se many
men now adayes more crueller then lyons, more
rauenynge thê wolues, more lecherous then sparous,
and that byte worse then mad dogges, more noysom
thê snakes, vepers and adders.
Canni9. But nowe
good Polipheme remembre and loke vpon thy selfe
for it is hyghe tyme for the to laye a syde thy
beastly lyuynge, and to be tourned from a brute
and a sauage beast in to a man.
Poliphem9. I
thanke you good neyghbour
Cannius. for by saynt
Mary I thynke your counsayle is good/for the
prophetes of this 28tyme sayth the worlde is
almost at an end, and we shall haue domes daye
(as they call it) shortely.
Canni9. We haue
therfore more nede to ppare our selues in a
redines agaynst that day, and that with as moche
spede as maye be possible.
Poliphemus. as for my
part I loke and wayte styll euery day for the
myghty hande and power of christ.
Cannius. Take
hede therfore that thou, when christ shall laye
his myghty hande vpon the be as tendre as waxe,
that accordynge to his eternall wyll he maye
frayme & fashyon the with his hande. But wherby I
praye the dothe these prophetes coniecture &
gather that the worlde is almost at an ende.
Poliphe. Bycause men (they saye) do the selfe same
thinge nowe adayes that they dyd, and were wont to
do which were lyuynge in the worlde a lytle whyle
before the deluge or Noyes floode. They make
solempne feastes, they banket, they quaffe, they
booll, they bybbe, they ryot men mary, 29wome
are maryed, they go a catterwallynge and
horehuntinge, they bye, they sell, they lend to
vserie, and borowe vpon vserie, they builde, kîges
keepe warre one agaynst another, preestes studie
howe they maye get many benefyces and promociõs to
make them selfe riche and increase theyr worldly
substaunce, the diuynes make insolible sillogismus
and vnperfyte argumêtes, they gather conclusyons,
monkes and freers rûne, at rouers ouer all the
world, the comyn people are in a mase or a hurle
burle redy to make insurrections, and to conclude
breuelie there lackes no euyll miserie nor
myschefe, neyther hõger, thyrst fellonie,
robberie, warre, pestilence, sediciõ, derth, and
great scarsytie and lacke of all good thynges. And
howe say you do not all these thynges argue and
sufficientlie proue that the worlde is almost at
an ende?
Cannius. Yea but tell me I praye the of
all thes hoole hepe of euyls and miseries whiche
greueth the 30moste?
Poliphemus. Whiche
thynkes thou, tell me thy fansie and coniecture?
Cannius. That the Deuyll (god saue vs) maye daunce
in thy purse for euer a crosse that thou hast to
kepe hî for the.
Poliphe. I pray god I dye and yf
thou haue not hyt the nayle vpon the head. Now as
chaunceth I come newly from a knotte of good
companye where we haue dronke harde euery man for
his parte, & I am not behynde with myne, and
therfore my wytte is not halfe so freshe as it
wyll be, I wyll dyspute of the gospell with the
whan I am sobre.
Canni. When shal I se the sobre?
Poli. When I shall be sobre.
Cannius. Whê wyll
that be?
Poliph. When thou shalt se me, in the
meane season god be with you gentle Cannius and
well mot you do.
Cannius. And I wyshe to you a
gayne for my parte that thou ware in dede as
valiaunt or pusaunt a felowe as thy name soundeth.
Poliphe. And bycause ye shall lose nothynge at my
31hande with wyshynge I pray god
that Cannius maye neuer lacke a good can or a stoope of wine or
bere, wherof he had his name.
Eatus, is he whiche hathe abundance of al thinges that is good,
and is parfyte in all thynges commendable
or prayseworthy or to be desyred
of a good man. Somtyme it is ta-
ken for fortunate, ryche, or
noble. Bonifaci9, fayre,
full of fauor or well
fauored.
The parsons names are Beatus
and Bonifacius.
Eatus. God saue you mayster Boniface.
Bonifaci9. God saue you & god saue you agayne
gêtle Beatus. But I wold god bothe we were such,
and so in very dede as we be called by name, that
is to say thou riche & I fayre.
Beatus. Why do you
thynke it nothynge worth at al to haue a goodly
glorious name.
Bonifacius. Truely me thynke it is
of no valure or lytle good worthe, onles a man
haue the thynge itselfe whiche is sygnified by the
name.
Beatus. Yea you maye well thynke your
pleasure, but I am assured that the most part of
all mortall men be of another mynde.
Bonifa. It
may wel be I do not denye that they are mortal,
but suerly I do not byleue that they are me, which
are so beastly mynded.
Bea. Yes good syr and they
be men to laye 33your lyfe, onlesse ye thynke
camels and asses do walke about vnder the fygure
and forme of men.
Boni. Mary I can soner beleue
that then that they be men whiche esteme and passe
more vpon the name, then the thynge.
Bea. I
graunte in certayne kyndes of thinges moost men
had rather haue the thynge then the name, but in
many thynges it is otherwyse and cleane cõtrary.
Bo. I can not well tell what ye meane by that.
Bea. And yet the example of this matter is
apparant or sufficiently declared in vs two. Thou
arte called Bonifacius and thou hast in dede the
thynge wherby thou bearest thy name. yet if there
were no other remedy but eyther thou must lacke
the one or the other, whether had you rather haue
a fowle and deformed face or elles for Boniface be
called Maleface or horner?
Boni. Beleue me I had
rather be called fowle Thersites then haue a
monstrous or a deformyed face, whether I haue a
good face or no 34I can not tell.
Bea. And
euen so had I for yf I were ryche and there were
no remedy but that I must eyther forgoo my
rychesse, or my name I had rather be called Irus
whiche was a poore beggers name then lacke my
ryches.
Boni. I agree to you for asmoch as ye
speake the trouth, and as you thynke.
Bea. Iudge
all them to be of the same mynde that I am of
whiche are indued with helthe or other commodities
and qualities appartaynynge to the body.
Boni.
That is very trewe.
Bea. Yea but I praye the
cõsyder and marke howe many men we se whiche had
rather haue the name of a lerned and a holy man,
then to be well lerned, vertuous, & holy in dede.
Boni. I knowe a good sorte of suche men for my
part.
Bea. Tell me thy fãtasie I pray the do not
suche men passe more vpon the name then the
thinge?
Boni. Methynke thy do.
Bea. Yf we had a
logician here whiche could well and clarkelie
defyne what were a kynge, what a bysshoppe,
35what a magistrate, what a philosopher is,
paduêture we shuld find som amõg these iolly
felowes whiche had rather haue the name then the
thynge.
Boni. Surely & so thynke I. Yf he be a
kinge whiche by lawe and equyte regardes more the
commoditie of his people then his owne lucre/yf he
be a bisshop which alwayes is careful for the
lordes flocke cõmytted to his pastorall charge/yf
he be a magistrate which frankelie and of good
wyll dothe make prouysyon, and dothe all thinge
for the comyn welthes sake/and yf he be a
phylosopher whiche passynge not vpon the goodes of
this worlde, only geueth hym selfe to attayn to a
good mynde, and to leade a vertuous lyfe.
Bea. Lo
thus ye may perseyue what a nombre of semblable
exãples ye may collecte & gether.
Boni. Undouted a
great sorte.
Bea. But I pray the tel me wyll you
saye that all these are no men.
Boni. Nay I feare
rather lest in so sayenge it shulde cost vs our
lyues, and 36so myght we our selues shortelye
be no men.
Bea. Yf man be a resonable creature,
howe ferre dyffers this from all good reason, that
in cõmodities apertayning to the body (for so
they deserue rather to be called then goodnes) and
in outwarde gyftes whiche dame fortune geues and
takes awaye at her pleasure, we had rather haue
the thynge then the name, and in the true and only
goodnes of the mynd we passe more vpon the name
then the thynge.
Boni. So god helpe me it is a
corrupte and a preposterours iudgement, yf a man
marke and consyder it wel.
Bea. The selfe same
reason is in contrarie thinges.
Boni. I wolde
gladly knowe what ye meane by that.
Bea. We maye
iudge lykewyse the same of the names of thynges to
be eschued, and incommodites which was spoken of
thynges to be diffyred and cõmodites.
Boni. Nowe I
haue considered the thynges well, it apereth to be
euen so as ye saye in dede.
Bea. It shulde
be 37more feared of a good prynce to be a
tyraunt in dede then to haue the name of a
tyraunt. And yf an euyll bysshop be a thefe and a
robber, then we shulde not so greatly abhorre and
hate the name as the thynge.
Boni. Eyther so it is
or so it shuld be.
Bea. Nowe gather you of the
rest as I haue done of the prynce & the bysshop.
Boni. Me thynkes I vnderstande this gere
wonderouse well.
Bea. Do not all men hate the
name of a fole or to be called a moome, a sotte,
or an asse?
Boni. Yeas as moche as they do any one
thynge.
Bea. And how saye you were not he a starke
fole that wold fishe with a goldê bayte, that
wolde preferre or esteme glasse better then
precious stones, or whiche loues his horse or
dogges better then his wyfe and his chyldrê?
Boni.
He were as wyse as waltoms calfe, or madder then
iacke of Redyng.
Bea. And be not they as wyse
whiche not assygned, chosen, nor yet ones
appoynted by the magistrates, but vpon 38theyr
owne heed aduenture to runne to the warres for
hoope of a lytle gayne, ieoperdynge theyr bodyes
and daungerynge theyr soules? Or howe wyse be
they which busie thê selfe to get, gleyne, and
reepe to gyther, goodes and ryches when they haue
a mynde destitute and lackyng all goodness? Are
not they also euen as wyse that go gorgyously
apparylled, and buyldes goodly sumptuous houses,
when theyr myndes are not regarded but neglect
fylthye and with all kynde of vyce fowle
corrupted? And how wyse are they whiche are
carefull diligent and busie, about the helthe of
theyr body neglectynge and not myndynge at all
theyr soule, in daunger of so many deedly synnes?
And fynally to conclude howe wyse be they whiche
for a lytle shorte transytorye pleasure of this
lyfe deserue euerlastynge tormentes and
punyshementes?
Boni. Euen reason forseth me to
graunt that they are more then frãtyke and
folyshe.
Bea. Yea 39but althoughe all the
whole worlde be full of suche fooles, a man can
scaselye fynde one whiche can abyde the name of a
foole, and yet they deserue to be called so for
asmoche as they hate not the thynge.
Boni. Suerly
it is euen so as ye seye.
Bea. Ye knowe also howe
the names of a lyar and a thefe are abhorred and
hated of all men.
Boni. They are spyteful and
odious names, and abhorred of all men, and not
withe out good cause why.
Bea. I graunte that, but
althoughe to commyt adulterie be a more wycked
synne then thefte yet for al that some men reioyse
and shewe them selfe glad of that name, whiche
wolde be redy by and by to drawe theyr swerdes and
fyghte withe a man that wolde or durst call them
theues.
Boni. It is true there are many wolde take
it euyll as you saye in dede.
Bea. And nowe it is
commyn to that poynt that thoughe there are many
vnthryftes and spêdals whiche consume theyr
substaunce at the 40wyne and vpon harlottes,
and yet so wyllynge to continewe openly that all
the worlde wonders at them, yet they wyll be
offended and take peper in the noose yf a man
shulde call them ruffyans or baudy knaues.
Boni.
Suche fellowes thynke they deserue prayse for the
thynge, and yet for all that they can not abyde
the name dewe to the thinge whiche they deserue.
Bea. There is scarslye any name amonges vs more
intollerable or worse can be abydden then to be
called a lyar or a lyeng fellowe.
Boni. I haue
knowen some or this whiche haue kylled men for
suche a spytefull worde as that is.
Bea. Yea yea
but wolde god suche hasty fellowes dyd as well
abhorre the thinge and hate lienge as well as to
be called lyers, was it neuer thy chaunce to be
dysceyued of any man whiche borowinge mony of the
appoyntynge the a certayne daye to repaye the sayd
money and so performyd not his appoyntment nor
kept his day?
41Boni. Yeas many tymes (god
knoweth) and yet hath he sworne many a greuous
othe and that not one tyme but many tymes.
Bea.
Peraduenture he wolde haue ben so honest as to
haue payed it and yf he had had wherwith.
Boni.
Naye that is not so for he was able inoughe, but
as he thought it better neuer to paye his dettes.
Bea. And what call you this in englyshe, is it not
playne lyenge?
Boni. Yes as playne as Dunstable
way, there can not be a lowder lye then this is.
Bea. Durste you be so bolde to pulle one of these
good detters of yours by the sleue and saye thus
to hym, why hast thou dysceyued me so many tymes
and broken promyse with me, or to talke to hym in
playne englyshe, why doest thou make me so many
lyes?
Boni. Why no syr by my trouthe durst I not,
excepte I were mynded before to chaûge halfe a
dosen drye blowes with hym.
Bea. Dothe not masons
Brekelayers, Carpenters, Smy42thes,
Goldsmithes, Taylours, disceyue and disapoynt vs
after the lyke maner daylye promysynge to do youre
worke suche a daye and suche a daye without any
fayle, or further delaye, and yet for all that
they parforme not theyr promesse althoughe it
stande the neuer somoche vpon hande, or that thou
shuldest take neuer so moche profyte by it.
Boni.
This is a wonderous and strange vnshamefast
knauerye of all that euer I hard of. But and ye
speake of breakers of promyse then ye maye reken
amongest them lawyers and atturneys at the lawe,
which wyl not stycke to promyse or beare you in
hande that they wyll be diligent and ernest in the
furtheraûce and spedie expedicion of your sute.
Bea. Reken quod he, naye ye maye reken fyve
hundreth mennes names besyde these of sundrye
faculties and occupacions whiche wyll promyse more
by an ynch of a candle then they wyll performe by
a whole pounde.
Boni. Why 43and ye call this
lyenge all the worlde is full of suche lyenge.
Bea. Ye se also lykewyse that no man can abyde to
be called thefe, and yet all men do not abhorre
the thynge so greatly.
Boni. I wolde gladly haue
you to declare your mynde in this more playnlye &
at large.
Bea. What difference is there betwene
hym whiche stealeth thy money forthe of thy cofer,
and hym whiche forsweareth and falsely denyeth
that whiche thou cõmytted to his custodie to be
reserued and safely kept for thy vse only, or to
suche tyme as thou arte mynded to call for it
agayne.
Boni. There is as they say neyther barrell
better hearing, but that in my iudgement he is the
falser knaue of the twayne whiche robbes a man
that puttes his confidence and trust in hym.
Bea.
yea but howe fewe men are there nowe adayes
lyuynge whiche are contente to restore agayne that
whiche they were put in truste to kepe, or yf they
deluer it agayne it is 44so dymynysshed,
gelded, nypped, and pynched, that it is not
delyuered whollye, but some thinge cleues in theyr
fyngers, that the prouerbe may haue place where
the horse walloweth there lyeth some heares.
Boni.
I thynke but a fewe that dothe otherwyse.
Bea.
And yet for all that there is none of al these
that cã abyde it ones to be called thefe, and yet
forsothe they hate not the thing so greatly.
Boni.
That is as trewe as the gospell.
Bea. Consyder me
nowe and marke I beseche the howe the goodes of
orphanes, pupylls, wardes, and fatherlesse
chyldren be cõmunely ordered and vsed, how wylles
and testamentes be executed and performed, how
legacyes and bequethes be communelye payde, Naye
howe moche cleueth and hangeth fast in the fyngers
of the executors or with them that mynyster and
intermedle with the goodes of the testatours.
Boni. Many tymes they retayne and kepe in theyr
handes all togy45ther.
Bea. Yea they loue to
playe the thefe well inoughe, but they loue
nothynge worse then to here of it.
Boni. That is
very trewe.
Bea. Howe lytle dyffers he from a
thefe whiche boroweth money of one and other and
so runneth in dette, with this intent and purpose
that yf he maye escape so or fynde suche a crafty
colour or a subtyle shyft, he intendeth neuer to
paye that he oweth.
Boni. Paraduenture he maye be
called warer or more craftier thê a thefe is in
dede but no poynt better, for it is hard chosyng
of a better where there is neuer a good of them
bothe.
Bea. yea but althoughe there be in euery
place a great nombre of such makeshyftes and
slypper marchauntes yet the starkest knaue of thê
all can not abyde to be called thefe.
Boni. God
onely knoweth euery mãnes hart and mynd, and
therfore they are called of vs men that are runne
in dette or fer behynde the hande, but not theues
for that soun46deth vnswetely and lyke a
playne song note.
Bea. What skyllys it howe they
be called amõge men yf they be theues afore god.
And where you say that god onely knoweth euery
mannes hart and mynde, euen so euery man knoweth
his owne mynde, whether in his wordes & doynges he
entende fraude, couyn, dysceyte, and thefte or
no. But what say ye by hym whiche when he oweth
more then he is worthe, wyll not stycke to lashe
prodygallye and set the cocke vpon the hoope, and
yet yf he haue any money at all lefte to spende
that a waye vnthryftely, and when he hathe played
the parte of a knauyshe spendall in one cytie
deludinge and disceyuyng his creditours, ronnes
out of this countre and getteth hym to some other
good towne, and there sekynge for straûgers and
newe acquayntaûce whom he may lykewyse begyle, yea
and playeth many suche lyke partes and shameful
shiftes. I praye the tell me dothe not suche a
47greke declare euydentlye by his crafty
dealynge and false demeanour, what mynde is he of?
Boni. yes suerly as euydentlye as can be
possible. But yet suche felowes are wonte to
colour and cloke theyr doynges vnder a craftie
pretence.
Bea. With what I beseche the?
Boni. They
saye to owe moche and to dyuers persones is
communely vsed of great men, yea and of kynges
also as well as of them, and therfore they that
intende to be of that disposycyon wyll beare out
to the harde hedge the porte of a gentylman and
soo they wyll be taken and estemed for gentilmen
of the commune people.
Bea. A gentylman and why or
to what entent and purpose a gentylman?
Boni. It
is a straunge thynge to be spoken howe moche they
thynke it is mete for a gentylman or a horseman to
take vpon hym.
Bea. By what equytie, authoritie,
or lawes.
Boni. By none other but by the selfe
same lawes that the Admiralles of the 48sees
chalenge a proprietie in all suche thynges as are
cast vpon the shoore by wracke, althoughe the
ryghte owner come forthe and chalenge his owne
goodes. And also by the same lawes that some other
men saye all is theyrs what soeuer is founde
aboute a thefe or a robber whê he is takê.
Boni.
Such lawes as these are the arrantest theues that
are myght make them selues.
Bea. yea and ye may be
sure they wold gladly wt al theyr harts î their
bodies make suche lawes yf they coulde mayntayne
them or were of power to se them executed, and
they myght haue some thynge to laye for theyr
excuse if they could proclayme opyn warre before
they fell to robbynge.
Boni. But who gaue that
pryuylege rather to a horseman then to a foteman,
or more to a gentylman thê to a good yeman.
Bea.
The fauoure that is shewed to men of warre, for by
suche shyftes and thus they practyse before to be
good men of warre that they 49maye be more
redy & hansome to spoyle theyr enemyes when they
shall encounter with thê.
Boni. I thynke Pyrhus
dyd so exercyse and breake his yonge souldyers to
the warres.
Bea. No not Pyrrhus but the
Lacedemonians dyd.
Boni. Mary syr hange vp suche
practysers or soldyers and theyr practisyng to.
But howe come they by the name of horsemen or
gentylmen that they vsurpe suche a great
prerogatyue?
Bea. Some of them are gentylmê borne
and it cometh to them by auncestrie, some bye it
by the meanes of maystrys money, and other some
gette it by certayne shyftes.
Boni. But maye euery
man that wyl and lyst come by it by shyftes?
Bea.
Yea why not, euery man maye be a gentylman nowe
adayes very well and yf theyr condicions and
maners be accordynge.
Boni. What maners or
condicions must suche one haue I beseche the?
Bea.
Yf he be occupyed aboute no goodnesse, yf he can
ruffle it 50and swashe in his satens and his
silkes and go gorgiously apparelled, yf he can
ratle in his rynges vpon the fyngers endes, yf he
can playe the ruffyan and the horemonger and kepe
a gaye hoore gallantlye, yf he be neuer well at
ease but when he is playenge at the dyse, yf he be
able to matche as moche an vnthryfte as hym selfe
with a newe payre of cardes, yf he spende his tyme
lyke an epycure vpon bankettinge, sumptuous fare,
and all kynde of pleasures, yf he talke of no
rascalles nor beggars, but bragge, bost, face,
brace, and crake of castelles, towers, and
skyrmysshes, and yf all his talke be of the warres
and blody battels, and playe the parte of
crackinge Thraso throughly, such gaye grekes,
lusty brutes and ionkers may take vpon them to be
at defyaunce withe whome they wyll and lyst,
thoughe the gentylman haue neuer a fote of lande
to lyue vpon.
Boni. Call ye them horsmen. Mary syr
suche horsemen are wel 51worthy to ryde vpõ
the gallowes, these are gentylmen of the Iebet of
all that euer I haue harde of.
Bea. But yet there
be not afewe suche in that parte of Germany called
Nassen or Hessen.
FINIS
Trãslated by Edmonde Becke
And prynted at Cantorbury
in saynt Paules parishe
by Johñ Mychell.
End of Project Gutenberg's Two Dyaloges (c. 1549), by Desiderius Erasmus
*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO DYALOGES (C. 1549) ***
***** This file should be named 14500-h.htm or 14500-h.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
https://www.gutenberg.org/1/4/5/0/14500/
Produced by David Starner, Louise Hope and the PG Online Distributed
Proofreading Team
Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.
Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.
*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
https://gutenberg.org/license).
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that
- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is
owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments
must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg-tm works.
- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
of receipt of the work.
- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at
809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact
information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
page at https://pglaf.org
For additional contact information:
Dr. Gregory B. Newby
Chief Executive and Director
gbnewby@pglaf.org
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit https://pglaf.org
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
https://www.gutenberg.org
This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.