Cousin Lucy at Study, by Jacob Abbott—A Project Gutenberg eBook

Produced by: Sue Clark and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

Two volumes of a series of little books, corresponding, in their general style and characteristics, with the Rollo Books for boys, but designed more particularly for the other sex, have already been published, under the names of Cousin Lucy’s Conversations, and Cousin Lucy’s Stories. This, and its companion, Cousin Lucy at Play, are now offered to the public, in the hope that the little readers, into whose hands they may fall, may be interested, and, in some degree at least, profited, by the perusal of them.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.
CHAPTER I.
The New Slate,	9
CHAPTER II.
A Wagon Ride,	23
CHAPTER III.
The Magazine,	37
CHAPTER IV.
Where is Royal?	48
CHAPTER V.
Accounts,	62
CHAPTER VI.
Mary Jay,	72
CHAPTER VII.
The Recess,	85
CHAPTER VIII.
Mary Jay’s Instructions,	95
CHAPTER IX.
Just saved,	108
CHAPTER X.
Diver,	119
CHAPTER XI.
A Conversation,	136
CHAPTER XII.
Interruption,	146
CHAPTER XIII.
The Theory of Interruption,	160

CHAPTER I.
THE NEW SLATE.

One day, when Lucy was about five years old, her mother came home from the city. Lucy’s brother Royal had been to the city with his mother; but Lucy had remained at home. Royal went to drive the chaise in which his mother rode.

When Lucy’s mother had got out of the chaise, Royal handed her some parcels, which were in the back part of the seat. There was one thin, flat parcel, which was partly behind the cushion. Royal held this up to Lucy, saying,—

Lucy took it, and ran into the house. She asked her mother if she might open it.

10 So Lucy ran to the sofa, and sat down to open her parcel. Royal came up to her, and said,—

“You can’t open it,” said Royal; and, as he spoke, he took hold of the parcel, and attempted gently to take it away from Lucy. “You can’t open it. You can’t untie the string; it is in a hard knot. I saw the man tie it myself.”

“Royal! Royal!” said Lucy, in a tone of displeasure, “let my book alone.”

“It isn’t a book,” said Royal; “and you can’t open it, to see what it is.”

Royal did wrong. He ought to have reflected that it would have given Lucy great pleasure to open the parcel, and he ought to have been willing that she should open it, and to have been contented with giving her such assistance as she needed. However, he knew that it would be wrong for him to take the parcel away by force, and so he let go of it, and sat by, to see Lucy open it.

Lucy found that she could not untie the knot. Then she looked about to find her scissors, to cut it; for she had a pair of scissors, which her mother had bought for her, some time before; but,11 then, as she was accustomed to leave them any where about the house, wherever she had been using them, they were continually getting lost; and she could not find them now. Royal, instead of helping her, seemed rather inclined to tease and trouble her.

While Lucy was thus walking about the room, sometimes looking for her scissors, and sometimes stopping to make one more attempt to untie the knot without them, Miss Anne came into the room. Miss Anne was a young lady about seventeen years of age. Miss Anne was always very kind to Lucy.

“No,” said Lucy; “I can’t untie the knot; and I can’t find my scissors to cut it.”

Miss Anne sat down in a little rocking-chair, and asked Lucy to come to her, and let her look at it.

“I should have been willing to have untied it for her,” said Royal, “but she would not let me.”

Miss Anne did not reply to this remark, for12 she supposed that probably Royal had offered his help to Lucy in some way which was not pleasant to her.

“Should you like to have me loosen the knot a little?” she said to Lucy; “and then perhaps you can untie it.”

Miss Anne, who understood the convolutions of a knot better than Lucy, and who consequently knew just where to attempt to open it, soon got it loosened. Lucy watched her, afraid that she would open it too much.

So Miss Anne put the parcel into her hands, and Lucy now succeeded in untying the knot. After taking off the string, she opened the paper, and there came out a handsome slate, of a beautiful purple color, and a red morocco frame.

Near one corner of the slate was a sort of socket, made by a duplicature of the morocco, and Lucy observed a slate pencil sticking into it. She pulled it out, and said,—

“No, Lucy,” replied Royal; “mother said, if I would teach you to add little sums in arithmetic, without any carrying, she would give us a paint-box.”

Accordingly Lucy went and sat down by Royal upon the sofa, to take her first lesson then, as they were both in haste to get the paint-box. Royal set Lucy a sum; but, on looking at it after he had set it, he rubbed it out, and set another. This also he rubbed out. At length Lucy said,—

Royal attempted to explain it to her, but she14 could not understand. He told her that, when she added up a column, and the amount was in two figures, she must carry one of them. But Lucy could not understand at all. She did not know what he meant by a “column,” or an “amount,” or by any thing being “in two figures.” In the mean time, Miss Anne, who had seated herself at the window, with her sewing, went on quietly attending to her work, until at length the conversation between Royal and Lucy came to be almost a dispute; and she said,—

“Royal, I thought you were not going to teach Lucy carrying; but only sums that had no carrying in them.”

“So I was,” said Royal; “but then she asked me herself what carrying was, and so I had to tell her.”

“No,” replied Miss Anne, “you need not have attempted to explain it to her fully. It would have been enough to have told her, that it was a difficult process in addition, which she would understand by and by.”

“It may be easy to you, now you understand it, but difficult to her,” replied Miss Anne.

“Well,” said Royal, “then I won’t explain15 that to you now, Lucy. I’ll teach you what carrying is when we come to it.”

So he went to work, to set Lucy a sum, trying to make the figures of so small a value, that there should be no carrying in any column. But he did not succeed very well. He made the sums so large that, although he made all the figures ones, twos, threes, and fours, yet, in some of the columns, the amount, on adding them, would come more than ten; and of course there would be something to carry. At last, however, he succeeded; and then he began to teach Lucy how to add up.

But the work was altogether too difficult for Lucy’s powers. In the first place, she did not know the figures, and she could not remember which was two, and which was three. Lucy tried to follow him in his explanation and calculation, but she soon became hopelessly perplexed and discouraged.

“No,” replied Royal, “one and four; you see we got four by adding two and two. Here they are.”

Lucy did not know a two from a three very well; so she put her head down close to the slate, and said, in a gentle, timid voice,—

“Yes,” said Royal. “Let us see; where were we? We added up to three, didn’t we? and it made six, didn’t it?”

“No you don’t,” said Royal; “you don’t know how to count, I verily believe.”

“One, two, three, four,” said Lucy, and so far she went on very well; but then she began to hesitate,—“four—five—nine—seven.”

Royal burst into a fit of laughter. “You don’t how to count, Lucy,” said he; “and how do you think I can teach arithmetic to a girl that don’t know how to count?”

“Well, then, give me my slate,” said Lucy, “and I’ll go away.” So she took her slate, and went away out of the room, disappointed, discouraged, and sad.

As soon as she had gone, Royal’s feelings began to change from those of ridicule to a sentiment of pity. He sat upon the sofa silently musing, when Miss Anne terminated the pause by saying,—

“So was I,” said Royal. “I should have thought any body would have known that.”

18 “Yes,” replied Miss Anne, “but I was not speaking of Lucy; I was speaking of you.”

“I thought,” rejoined Royal, “that you were speaking of the ignorance Lucy showed, in not knowing how to count.”

“I think it very likely you added it right,” said Miss Anne; “it was your ignorance of human nature, I was speaking of, not your ignorance of arithmetic.”

“No,” said Miss Anne, “you began at the end, instead of at the beginning.”

“Why, you undertook to teach her to add certain sums, and you took such sums, as difficult as it was possible to make, and got out of humor with her because she could not do them at once.”

19 “Yes,” replied Miss Anne, “they were, I presume, as difficult sums as you could make, without having any carrying. In fact, the first attempts which you made to set sums, you got the figures so many, and of so high value, that you couldn’t add them without carrying; so you reduced them by little and little, until you just got the figures barely small enough to make the amount less than ten; and thus you made the sums as difficult as they could be made, without carrying; and this you gave her for her first lesson. The thing which you were to come to in the end, you took as the beginning.

“Then, besides this, I think you were unreasonable in being dissatisfied with her. When your mother promised you a paint-box, if you would teach her to add such sums, was it reasonable to expect that she could know how to do it already?”

“And yet you did expect it. You were employed to go over a process with her, which would end in her knowing how to do a certain thing; and then you were vexed and out of humor with her, for not knowing how to do the thing at the outset, before you had gone over the process at all.”

“I thought you were,” replied Miss Anne; “at any rate, you spoke unkindly to her, and wounded her feelings.”

Here there was a pause. Royal was really sorry for what he had done. He saw very clearly the unreasonableness and folly of it. But he did not know exactly what to do.

“I,” replied Miss Anne, “should have begun at the beginning, instead of at the end.”

“Why, I should have first ascertained exactly where Lucy was, in her knowledge of figures, and then I should have gone to her there, and led her along by plain and easy steps to where I wanted her to go. You must know that teaching is a kind of ladder-making.”

“Yes,” replied Miss Anne; “that is, it consists in preparing a succession of steps for the pupil to mount by, and the success of it depends upon beginning upon the ground, or wherever the pupil is, and then having the steps so near together,21 that she can ascend from one to the other, and so get up. Now, you did not even stop to inquire where Lucy was in her knowledge, much less to make any ladder for her; but you remained upon the top of the house, and tried to drag her up by main force.”

“Now, I should have thought,” continued Miss Anne, “that the first thing would have been, to teach Lucy the figures, at least as many of them as you are going to use in the sums. This alone will take several lessons. Then I should set her some very small sums, with only ones in them, and let her add those. Then I should set some more sums, and put in a two here and there, and let her practise a day or two upon those. Then I should put one or two threes into her sums, and have the rest ones. After that I should put threes and twos both in; and thus, after a time, she would get so as to add such sums as you set her just now.”

“Yes,” replied Miss Anne; “teaching is slow work; but then it would not take so long as it would to make a paint-box.”

“I suppose you expected that you could sit down and earn your paint-box in half an hour, and by one single lesson.”

“In one or two then,” said Miss Anne; “whereas you ought to calculate that it will take twenty.”

Royal said no more upon the subject at this time; but he determined to try the plan which Miss Anne had recommended.

CHAPTER II.
A WAGON RIDE.

The next day, after Royal had finished his own studies, he wanted Lucy to come and learn arithmetic. But Lucy did not like to come. She wanted to play just then, and, besides, although she did not recall to mind, very distinctly, the manner in which Royal had attempted to teach her the evening before, yet the occurrence left an unpleasant impression upon her mind, and she was not disposed to put herself under his instructions again.

After a little pause, while Royal was thinking what other inducement he could offer, he said,—

“Well, Lucy, if you will study a lesson in arithmetic, I will give you a good ride.”

He meant that he would give her a ride in a little wagon, which was bought for Lucy when she was too young to walk, and which had been24 kept with so much care that it was still a very good wagon. Royal used sometimes to draw Lucy in this wagon, and she liked to ride in it very much.

“O, I will give you a good long ride,” said Royal. “I will draw you away over to Rollo’s.”

Lucy’s cousin Rollo, who was at this time a very small boy, lived at not a great distance, and Royal and Lucy sometimes went over to play with him. So they made the agreement, that Royal was to draw Lucy over to Rollo’s and Lucy was to learn a lesson in arithmetic. But then there immediately arose a difficulty in determining which should take place first, the ride or the lesson: Royal wanted to have the lesson then, and the ride some other time; but Lucy wanted to make sure of the ride, and so postpone the lesson.

“Why, the rule is, Lucy,” said Royal, “always to pay when the work is done. I’ll pay you for the lesson when you have studied it.”

“No,” said Lucy, “the ride is the work. I’ll pay you for the ride when I have had it.”

Royal thought that the lesson ought to be considered the work, and the ride the pay; but he25 couldn’t think of any good reason to offer for this opinion, and he therefore, after some hesitation, came to Lucy’s terms. They brought out Lucy’s wagon, and, after obtaining permission of their mother, he helped Lucy into it, and then, he acting the part of horse, and Lucy that of driver, they went over to their cousin Rollo’s.

They went into a yard where there was a gravel walk, which led them around behind the house. Here they found Rollo sitting upon a bench near the door, trying to read in a picture-book. He had not learned to read much yet. The door was open, and there were a couple of bars across the door-way, pretty low down; and behind them was a little child, not old enough to walk, who was kept from falling out into the yard by the bars. This was Rollo’s little brother Nathan.

By the time that Royal had arrived at Rollo’s house, he had become quite interested in drawing Lucy in the wagon, and had forgotten his desire to teach her a lesson in arithmetic. So he said,—

“Lucy, if Rollo will go with us, I’ll draw you farther. Come, Rollo,” said he, “come and play travel with us. I’ll pull, and you push behind.”

26 Royal and Lucy looked at Nathan. He was standing behind his bars, striking the upper one with a stick, evidently pleased with the rattling, but paying no attention to the discussion which was going on among the other children.

“No,” said Rollo, shaking his head; “I don’t think my mother will let him.”

“Yes she will,” said Royal; “Lucy will get out, and let him get into the wagon, and then you and Lucy shall be the horses, and I will be the driver.”

Rollo still thought that his mother would not be willing to let Nathan go. However, he said that he would go and ask her.

“Well, Royal, I hardly know what to say to your plan. Do you think you can take good care of Nathan?”

After some hesitation, Nathan’s mother consented to let them go. She said that she should put Nathan under Royal’s special charge. So she put a sort of a cloak upon his shoulders, and a cap upon his head, and put him into the wagon. Lucy and Rollo then took hold of the tongue of the wagon, to draw, while Royal pushed27 behind; and so they sallied forth from the yard, Rollo’s mother standing at the door, to watch them as they went along. Just as they passed around the corner of the house, she gave them her last charges; which were to keep in the smooth road, and to be very careful about turning.

The children, promising to obey these instructions, passed on around the corner, and turned into the road.

They went on for some distance, without any difficulty or trouble. At last, they came to a place where a road branched off from the main road, and led into the woods. They turned into this road, for Royal said that it led to a place where they could get some flowers. Both Rollo and Lucy said they should like this very much, for they wanted to have some flowers. Rollo said that he was going to study botany; his mother was going to teach him.

“I wish I could study botany,” said Lucy; “I should like botany a great deal better than arithmetic.”

“Yes, I do,” said Royal. “The first thing is to study the leaves; you must gather all the different28 kinds of leaves you can find, and press them in a book.”

“O, then you know how many different shapes of leaves there are,” he replied.

Rollo had put his picture-book into the wagon, just before they had set out from the house, thinking that perhaps they might stop at some place, where he would want to look at it. So he asked Royal if his picture-book would do to put the leaves into, and Royal said it would do very well. And they all determined that, after they had gone a little farther, they would stop and get some leaves by the side of the road.

They were now in a sort of by-road, leading through the woods; but presently they came to a kind of cart path, which turned out to one side, and seemed to lead to places still more solitary than where they were. Royal wanted to turn off into this cart path.

“No,” said Rollo, “we must not go in there; for mother said that we must keep in smooth roads.”

“Well,” replied Royal, “that is a smooth road. It is just as smooth as this.”

29 Royal and Lucy looked in. The road was indeed smooth, but then it was narrow, and Rollo did not know into what difficulties it might lead them. He was quite reluctant to go in. But Royal assured him that there was no danger; and he said, also, that, if they should find any rough places after they had got in some way, they could easily turn around and come out.

After they had gone in for some distance, Royal said that they had got to a good place to collect leaves. So Lucy and Rollo put the tongue of the wagon down in the road, and went to the banks on each side, and began to gather the leaves from the various wild plants which were growing there. These leaves were of all shapes: some were long and pointed, others oval, others nearly round; some were shaped like a heart, some notched along the edges like a saw, and one which Royal got down from an oak-tree, Lucy said, wasn’t shaped like any thing at all.

While they were collecting these leaves, Lucy suddenly called out to Rollo, who was upon the side of the road with her,—

“O Rollo, Rollo, come here! here is a little squirrel! come and see him.”—

30 “Where? where?” said Rollo, running towards the place; “let me see; let me see.”

Royal, hearing this call, immediately dropped a large collection of leaves and flowers, which he had gathered, and ran across the road. When he first got sight of the squirrel, he was standing upon his hind legs on the end of a half-decayed log, holding a nut between his fore paws, which he nibbled a little from time to time, keeping, however, a sharp lookout upon the children all the while.

In the mean time, little Nathan, who had been left in his wagon in the path-way, and who was yet too young to appreciate the pleasure and the utility of making botanical collections, began to make a sort of murmuring sound, which indicated restlessness and discontent.

“Yes, Nathan,” said Rollo, calling out to him, “we’ll come in a minute.”

Royal crept up softly towards the squirrel, with his cap in the air, ready to make him prisoner. Rollo and Lucy looked on with great interest, while Nathan, who had not yet learned to place much confidence in promises, seemed still more uneasy. The squirrel stuffed the remains of his nut into his cheek, leaped off the log, and ran along upon the ground.

31 “You go and take care of Nathan,” said Royal, “and I’ll run and catch the squirrel. You can go and help him, Lucy.”

“O, never mind that,” said Royal, looking back towards them, and speaking in a hurried manner, as he crept along after the squirrel; “I shall have to chase him ever so far, and you can’t keep up; but you shall have a share in him just the same, when I catch him. So run back and take care of Nathan.”

Thus urged, the two children went back to the road, while Royal went on in pursuit of the squirrel. Lucy and Rollo showed Nathan their leaves and flowers, and gave him a large lily to pull to pieces. By these means they had just succeeded in getting him quiet and amused, when Rollo saw a cow walking slowly along the path, towards the place where they and the wagon were standing. This threw the children into a state of great alarm; for, although the cow was really innocent of any bad design, the children thought they saw in her countenance a very determined and threatening expression. They thought she was coming to bite them, or at least that she would certainly run over Nathan.

32 Rollo’s first design was, to look around for a stick, and drive her away, which, on the whole, would have been the most judicious plan. But Lucy, being a girl, was naturally more inclined to retreat than to give battle; and she called upon Rollo to help her draw the wagon out of the road, so as to give the cow the opportunity to get by. They accordingly took hold of the tongue of the wagon, and, turning it short round, began to pull hard upon it, to get their little charge out of the danger.

In their eagerness and trepidation, however, they turned the tongue too short about, so as to lock one of the fore wheels under the wagon, and then, as very often happens under such circumstances, by the violence of their effort the wagon was upset; and Nathan, the fragments of the lily, the picture-book, and the cushion on which Nathan had been seated, all rolled out together upon the ground. The cow paid no attention whatever to their terror and distress, but walked by very deliberately on the other side.33

Nathan was not hurt. He looked a little wild when they took him up, and even began to cry a little; but Lucy soon hushed him, sitting down upon the bank, and holding him in her lap, while Rollo set the wagon up again, and replaced the35 things which had been thrown out. Then, while Lucy continued to amuse Nathan, Rollo went to see if he could find Royal.

After going on for some distance, he found him returning slowly, with his cap upon his head, and a strange-looking thing in his hand.

“O—no,” said Royal, “but I have got a most curious-looking thing here.”

Royal showed Rollo the fungus, and he thought it was a very curious thing indeed. Then Rollo told him the story of the accident which had happened in the cart path. Royal was somewhat alarmed at this, and he hastened to the place. He felt somewhat condemned for having gone away and left his charge in the hands of such guardians as Rollo and Lucy, and so he very assiduously helped them replace Nathan in his wagon, and turn it round. The leaves which they had collected were all scattered upon the ground; even those which had been put into the picture-book had fallen out when the wagon had been upset; so36 that, when the children had got nearly home, they recollected that they had left their whole botanical collection behind them. And this was the end of Lucy’s attempts to pursue the study of botany, for several years.

CHAPTER III.
THE MAGAZINE.

Neither Royal nor Lucy thought any thing more of their arithmetic for several days. Lucy’s slate got put up upon a shelf in the closet, and was entirely forgotten. One day, however, when Rollo and Lucy were walking in a little lane by the side of the garden, they found a beautiful flower, growing near a large, flat stone.

“O, mother won’t care about it,” said Royal; “give it to me, and I will press it in a book.”

“No, we haven’t,” said Royal. “And that’s38 because I haven’t finished teaching you arithmetic. Come, let us go and take a lesson now.”

Lucy, however, was not much inclined to take her lesson. After some conversation, however, Royal, finding that Lucy had no inclination to study arithmetic at all, and reflecting that this aversion was his own fault, concluded that he must win her back again to the work by dexterous management.

“Well, Lucy, I’ll tell you what we will do. We’ll carry this blue flower to the house, and I’ll make a drawing of it upon your slate.”

“So we will,” said Lucy. In fact, she was very much pleased with this plan; and the two children set off accordingly for the house, to make the drawing. After some search, they found the slate, but the pencil was gone. Royal, however, had a pencil of his own, in a little box, which he kept under a sky-light in the garret, and he and Lucy went up into the garret in pursuit of it.

This box, or chest,—for it was properly a small chest,—was the place where Royal kept a considerable number of his old playthings, especially such as were somewhat out of use. He called it39 his magazine. His father had told him that a magazine was a place where people kept things in store; and so he thought that magazine would be a good name for this depository of his.

Royal lifted up the lid of his magazine, and there, among a great number of other things, there was a small pasteboard box, without a cover. In this box were several slate and lead pencils, wafers, and pieces of India rubber; also the handle of a knife, and one half of a pair of scissors. Royal called it his scissor. He said he meant one day to grind the blade down to an edge, and then it would make a good knife, which he meant to call his scissor-knife. Lucy wanted to look at it, and at a great many other curious things, which she saw in the magazine; but Royal said no, and, putting down the lid of the chest, after he had taken out the pencil, he sat down upon it, and asked Lucy to sit down by his side.

He immediately began, according to his promise, to draw Lucy the picture of the flower. First he made the stem, then a little root at the bottom of it, then a few long, slender leaves growing out around the stalk, and finally the flower.

The flower was the most difficult part; but40 Royal succeeded in representing it to Lucy’s entire satisfaction; and, when he had finished it, he said,—

“Now, Lucy, that we are here, you’d better let me teach you one of the figures. I’ll just teach you the figure one; that’s very easy. It’s nothing but a mark.”

So Royal made a mark upon the slate for the figure one, and then put the pencil into Lucy’s hands, that she might attempt to imitate it. Lucy made a mark as nearly as she could like Royal’s, only it was a great deal too long.

“That’s very well, Lucy,” said Royal, “very well indeed for the first, only it isn’t necessary to make it quite so long. You must make the next one shorter.”

Lucy accordingly made another; and she stopped sooner than she had done before, so as to make the mark shorter than she had done at first. Royal said it was a very good one indeed. Lucy, finding that Royal, instead of upbraiding or ridiculing her, was pleased and satisfied with her attempts, began to feel gratified herself; and she said that she should like much to make some more ones; and Royal accordingly told her to make a row of them41 quite across the slate near the top. She made them, on the whole, very well, though some of them were crooked.

“Yes,” said Lucy, “straight figures. Crooked figures are much easier to make. I can make a three. I’m going to make a three.”

“I don’t care,” said Lucy; “I can’t make a two, but I can make a three, and so I am going to make that next.”

“No,” said Royal, “you mustn’t make a three next; that is out of order. Besides, I am your teacher, and you must mind me.”

Lucy was wrong, for the last of the reasons which Royal assigned, namely, that he was her teacher, and therefore she ought to have obeyed him. The first of Royal’s reasons, however, was not valid,—namely, that, because two comes before three in numeration, therefore it ought to be made first. The successive steps of a study42 ought to be taken in their natural order, when one depends upon another. For instance, a child ought to learn how to subtract before undertaking to learn how to divide, for division depends upon subtraction. You cannot well divide without subtracting. But in merely learning the forms of the figures, there is no dependence of one upon the other, and therefore they may be taught in any order which the teacher thinks best.

Therefore, if Royal, who was the teacher, had thought it best to have taught Lucy to make the figure nine, or eight, or the cipher, next to one, because he supposed that those characters would be more easy for Lucy to form, it would not have been at all improper; and therefore his argument, that two ought to be made next to one, simply because it comes next to it as a number, was not a valid argument. But his second reason was valid; for it is always the duty of a pupil to follow the directions of the teacher, whether the pupil approves of the directions or not.

But, then, although Lucy did very wrong in resisting and disobeying the will of her teacher, Royal himself acted very unwisely, in being so strenuous in requiring a compliance with it. His whole hope of success in his efforts to teach his43 sister, and so to gain the paint-box, depended necessarily upon keeping on good terms with her, and making her willing to follow his instructions. If Miss Anne had been in Royal’s place, she would not have had any contention with her upon the subject. She would have allowed her to make the three next, and then, after the lesson was over, she would have said, perhaps,—

“Now, Lucy, you have been a pretty good scholar. You have obeyed my directions very well generally, and I am therefore going to let you see the things in my magazine. Only there was one time that you didn’t obey me. When I wanted you to make twos, you would make threes, and so I can’t let you see all the things in my magazine. There are some little pictures in a pocket-book, which I cannot let you see; but the next time you study, if you obey me perfectly, then I will let you see the pictures in my pocket-book.”

Or, if Miss Anne had thought that this would have made Lucy cry, and so have been the cause of making disturbance in the family, then she would have had some slighter punishment, just enough not to make her cry. She did so once, when Lucy was younger and more ready to cry. She was taking a walk with her, and Lucy did not44 come back quick when she called her away from the shore of a brook. Accordingly, when they were going home, and Lucy asked Miss Anne to tell her a story, Miss Anne said,—

“Well,” replied Miss Anne, “I will tell you a pretty long one, because you have obeyed me pretty well while we have been walking; but I cannot tell you a very long one, because you did not obey me all the time.” By always doing something like this, Miss Anne soon succeeded in making Lucy disposed to obey her at all times.

Royal, however, by his opposition to Lucy’s desire, only disturbed and ruffled her mind, and made her less inclined to comply with his wishes on the next occasion which might occur. And, in fact, another occasion came very soon.

For it happened that Lucy, in making her figure three, reversed the form of it, so as to have the open part come to the right, instead of to the left, as it ought to do. Children very often make this mistake, when they first attempt to form the figure three. Royal, seeing the figure which she made, began immediately to laugh at it. This disturbed Lucy’s mind more than what had45 taken place before. She looked up to Royal as if wondering what he was laughing at, and said,—

“I tell you it is a three,” replied Lucy. “Miss Anne showed me how to make it one day.”

“O Lucy,” said Royal, “Miss Anne never made such a three as that in her life. That is an E.”

In fact, the letter E is often made, in writing, of very much such a form as Lucy’s reversed figure assumed; but Lucy insisted that it was right, and that she meant to make a whole row of them. Royal, who now began to feel somewhat out of humor himself, lost sight entirely of the principle with which he had begun, of making amends for his former roughness by kind and dexterous management. He insisted that Lucy should let him have the pencil, and he would show her how the figure ought to be made. But she would not; she said that she knew that that way was right, and she was going to make a whole row of them.

Then Royal said that she should not have his pencil any more, for he wouldn’t have his pencil used to make such ridiculous threes as those were, which, as he said, looked like threes turned wrong side out. So Lucy gave him his pencil, and got46 up from the chest, and walked away down stairs. Royal remained behind, to put his pencil back into his box. Then he began to look over and rearrange the various articles which were stored in his magazine. He found the wheels and body of a small wagon, and he went to work to put them together; and he remained occupied in this work for nearly half an hour.

Before this time had expired, however, he had opportunity to reflect upon his conversation with Lucy, and he saw that he had not managed wisely. He began to feel quite sorry that he had not treated her with more tenderness and consideration. While he was in this state of mind, he suddenly began to hear footsteps upon the garret stairs. He knew at once, by the sound, that it was Lucy coming up again. When she reached the head of the stairs, he found that she had her slate in her hand.

Lucy walked along towards Royal, with a good-natured and pleasant expression of countenance, and held out the slate for him to see what was written upon it. Royal saw that there was a row of threes, all made very neatly and correctly, and with the open part turned the right way.

“Those are right,” said Royal. He was just ready to say, I told you you made them wrong before; but, then, he reflected that it would not be pleasant to her, for him to triumph over her, and so he only said, “Those are right.”

“And now, Lucy,” he continued, “you may see me put my wagon together, and then to-morrow you shall learn to make twos.”

That afternoon, Miss Anne questioned Royal about the lesson he had been giving Lucy, and Royal repeated to her, as nearly as he could recollect, all that took place.

“I got along a little better,” he said, when he had finished his account, “than I did the first time.”

“Yes,” replied Miss Anne, “you have learned something. You have got along just about as far in the art of teaching, as Lucy has in arithmetic. If you both persevere, you’ll learn after a time.”

CHAPTER IV.
WHERE IS ROYAL?

“Father,” said she, “I wish you would let me study something besides what I study now.”

“Well,” said her father, “I’ll give you something to study, and I’ll study it with you.”

“Let me see,” added her father, looking around the room. “What shall it be? What shall we study? I’ll tell you; we’ll study the windows.”

“O, yes,” replied her father, “there is a great49 deal to be learned about windows. Look at one of the windows, and tell me what you observe.”

“Why, whatever one thing has, which other things do not have, is peculiar to it. Thus roots are peculiar to plants, for other things do not have roots. Now, look at the window, and see if you find any thing peculiar in it.”

“But I didn’t wish you to find any thing peculiar to this window alone, which distinguishes it from other windows, but something peculiar to all windows, which distinguish them from the other parts of a building. I notice one thing which is very peculiar.”

“Any thing that you can see through is transparent,” said her father. “Water is transparent;50 glass is transparent; some ice is transparent. Now, windows are made of glass, which is transparent, for two reasons: First, in order that the light may shine in and illuminate the room, so that we can see to walk about in it, and to read, and to sew. The other reason is, that we can look out through the window, and see the scenery, and the persons pass along the street. Those are the reasons why windows are made of something transparent.

“There is also something peculiar,” said her father, “in the mode in which windows open. How do they open?”

“Right upwards,” said Lucy, making a motion with her hands, as if she was opening a window.

“Now, can you think of any reason why windows should open by sliding upward, and doors by swinging out upon hinges?

“First, why shouldn’t windows open like doors, by swinging out upon hinges?”

“Yes,” said her father; “doors are very often shut violently by the wind; and this would doubtless often happen to windows, if they were hung in a similar manner.”

51 “Once I saw a house,” said Lucy, “where the window was broken, and the people had put a piece of board in the place of the glass.”

“Yes,” said her father, “perhaps they had no more glass. But there is another reason why windows shouldn’t open like doors. Can you think what it is?”

“If windows opened upon hinges, like doors, they must either open outward into the open air, or inward towards the room. If they were made to open outward, then, when they were wide open, they would swing back against the side of the house, and it would be very inconvenient to reach them to shut them.”

“Yes,” replied her father, “but that would be very inconvenient, especially if there came up a sudden shower of rain, and we wished to shut the windows quick.

“But, on the other hand,” continued her father, “if the windows were made to open inwards, then they would be apt to knock the things over on the table. We often have a table before a window, but we never have a table before a door; for it would be in the way when we wanted to pass in and out. So you see the reasons, why it52 is better that windows should be made to slide up and down, and doors to open upon hinges.”

“But, father,” said Lucy, “why couldn’t doors be made to slide up and down like windows?”

“Think of it yourself,” said her father, “and see if you can think of any difficulty.”

“Why—yes,” said Lucy. “Suppose they wanted me to open the door. Well, and then they tell me to shut the door: well, then I go and try, but I can’t reach up to the door: well, then I get a chair, and I try to climb up, and—and the door sticks, and I can’t pull it down, and perhaps I tumble down and hurt me. An’t those difficulties?”

“Yes,” said her father, “and perhaps, too, the door would sometimes be left not shoved up quite high enough, and then people would bump their heads.”

“Yes,” said Lucy; “and, father, Georgie bumped his head the other day, and the teacher asked him to spell bumper.”

“Didn’t he?” said her father. “Then his experience of the thing did not teach him the orthography of the word.”

53 “His experience of the thing did not teach him the orthography of the word,” repeated her father.

“Why, by bumping his own head, he experienced the thing, but yet he could not spell the word. The orthography of a word means the spelling of it.”

“Then I should like to have you take pains to remember it,” said her father.

“The way to fix it in your mind,” said her father, “is to repeat it a great number of times. Say orthography.”

“Now repeat it ten times,” said her father, “and count by means of your fingers.”

So Lucy repeated the word orthography ten times, touching the thumb and fingers of her left hand in succession as she did so, and then the thumb and fingers of her right hand. By doing this, she rendered the sound of the word somewhat familiar, and also accustomed herself to pronounce it.

54 “Now,” said her father, “go out and find Royal, and tell him all I have told you about windows; and also tell him that orthography means spelling. That will help you remember the whole lesson.”

“Yes,” said her father, “it is a lesson; and it will be quite a good lesson for you, I hope. It will teach you to observe particularly what you see; and to-morrow morning I will give you the sequel to it.”

She thought it probable that he was in the back yard or garden, but she could not find him in either place. She stood at the garden gate, and called,—

“No,” said Joanna, “I don’t know; but he55 can’t be far off, for it is only a few minutes since I heard him whistle.”

“Yes,” replied Joanna; “it sounded as if he was blowing some whistle, which he had made out of a willow.”

Just at this moment, Lucy heard a long-drawn and very clear whistle, which seemed to be very near.

There was no answer, but only a repetition of the same shrill and long-protracted sound.

“Ah, Royal,” said Lucy, “I know where you are; you’ve hid somewhere. I know you.”

So saying, Lucy began to look around the yard in every direction, but no Royal was to be seen. She went to the garden gate, and looked under the shrubbery, but there was no Royal there.

At length she paused, not knowing where to look next; and, after resting a moment, she said,—

56 So Royal whistled again. The sound seemed to come from upwards, and Lucy looked up towards the house.

“Ah,” said she, “Royal, I know where you are. You are in the house, by some of the windows. I know—you are at mother’s window—or else at Joanna’s. Joanna, isn’t he in your room?”

Joanna only smiled; and Lucy, finding that she could get no information from her, said that she knew Royal was in the house; and she ran in, and went up stairs to search the chambers which looked out towards that side of the house, especially such as had any windows open. She looked in them all in vain. Then she went into Joanna’s room, and stood by her side, leaning her arms upon the window sill, and looking out the window.

Royal answered by calling out, C-o-o-p; just as the children were accustomed to do, when playing hide and go seek. The direction of the sound of a voice is generally more perceptible59 than that of a whistle; and it was particularly so in this case, for Lucy at once perceived that the sound came from somewhere in the air. She looked up in the direction from which the sound seemed to proceed, and, to her great astonishment, saw Royal comfortably seated near the top of a great oak-tree, which stood in the corner of the yard. He was almost concealed by the branches.

She found, on examining more particularly his position, that he had placed a short board across from one branch to another for a seat, and that at a short distance below he had placed another board, which answered to put his feet on. The board on which he sat extended out a little way beyond the branch where it rested, and this Royal used for a sort of shelf, to put his pieces of whistle wood upon, and his knife, when he was not using it. Two whistles, also, which he had finished, were lying here. Royal was making another; and he went on very gravely with his work, while Lucy was wondering at his position.

Lucy accordingly ran out, and Royal, taking up one of the whistles, which he had made, tossed it out from among the branches of the tree. It sailed out horizontally through the air, and then, turning downward, it began to descend in that beautiful curve, which bodies projected from a great height always describe, and at last it came down to the ground.

But it was now some time after sunset, and it was not very light in the yard. Lucy went to the place where the whistle had fallen, and looked for it among the grass, but she could not find it. However, Royal himself came down pretty soon, and, after a little search, he found it close to Lucy’s foot. The interest which Lucy felt in this incident drove all thoughts of the lesson on windows from her mind; and so she did not get the sequel to the lesson, which her father had promised her.

What her father had intended by the sequel to the lesson was this: He was going to send Lucy into one room, and Royal into another, and let each of them examine a fireplace, so as to observe its peculiarities, and then to come in and tell him what they were; and also to ask him for61 the reason of any thing they noticed about the fireplace, which they did not understand.

They did not do this, however, until the next day; and then, when they came in from the examination of the fireplace, Lucy said that she observed one peculiarity about the fireplace, and that was, that the back of the chimney was black, and that she did not understand why the fire, which was red, should make the bricks black. Royal said that he observed, that there was always a mantel shelf over a fireplace, and he did not see why they always had a mantel shelf over a fireplace, rather than in any other part of the room.

“A sequel of any thing,” replied her father, “is that which comes in consequence of it, and is the conclusion of it.”

“Never mind,” replied her father; “I can’t explain it to you any more now.”

CHAPTER V
ACCOUNTS.

Lucy had an allowance from her father of a small sum of money every week, which she was allowed to expend for herself, in any way that her father approved. Her father had several reasons for this, and, among the others, he thought it would help Lucy to learn something about accounts. For he said, when he told her that he was going to let her have an allowance, that he must make her an account-book like Royal’s; for Royal had had an allowance, and an account-book to keep an account of it in, for a long time.

“But, father,” said Lucy, “why need I have an account-book? Why can’t you give me the money every Saturday night, and let me keep it myself?”

“For several reasons,” said her father. “In the first place, I should not always remember to pay you the money every Saturday night; and then, in the middle of the next week, we should not be quite sure whether it had been paid or not. And so,63 in a short time, we should get into confusion. And then, besides, I am not willing to let you have the money to keep yourself.”

“You would be very likely to lose it. You would leave it here and there about the house, as you do your playthings. Then, besides, if you had the charge and custody of your money, you would sometimes, perhaps, expend it without my approbation.”

“But I should think that, if the money was ours,” said Royal, who was standing by at this time, “we might expend it for any thing we chose.”

“True,” replied his father, “but the money isn’t yours. I don’t make you an allowance of so much money every week, but give you a credit, to be used on certain conditions; and if you take it, you take it subject to those conditions.”

“Why, that you use the credit only for such purposes as I approve. I put down for you a certain sum for every week, and then, when you want to buy any thing, you can have it, if I think it is proper for you, and if it doesn’t come to more than your allowance amounts to. But in the mean time I must keep all the money.”

64 Accordingly, Lucy’s father made her a small account-book, like Royal’s. Her mother sewed it. It had a cover of marble paper. The leaves were made of paper, ruled with blue lines, and her father ruled some lines up and down the page of red ink. The first line was near the left-hand edge of every page, and was intended to mark off a space to put down the day of the month, when any thing was written in the book. Then there was another, near the right-hand edge of every page, which was for the figures expressing the amount of the money.

It was about the middle of July, when Lucy’s father made her the account-book. But he said he would begin back as far as to Lucy’s birthday, in reckoning the allowance. So he entered in the account-book, first, an allowance for a month and a half, at the top of the second page. On the first page, he only wrote the words Account-Book, in pretty large letters.

“Now,” said her father, “whenever you want to buy any thing, you can ask me or your mother; and if we approve of it, you can buy it, and I shall write down what it is, and the price of it, on the page opposite to the one where your allowance is entered; and then we can see, when we open the book, how much your allowance comes to, by65 looking on one side, and how many things you have bought with it, by looking on the other.”

Lucy was very much pleased with her account-book, and she put it away very carefully in her drawer. She determined to come every Saturday evening, and have her allowance for the week regularly entered.

When, however, her account-book was out of sight, it was out of mind; and several weeks passed away before she thought of it again. At last, one day, as she and Royal were looking over her drawer, she found her account-book.

“There,” said she, “now here is my account-book, and I haven’t had any allowance for a great many weeks. Father said he would give me an allowance every week.”

“But I forgot it,” said Lucy; “and now I have forgotten how long it is, and how much the allowance will make.”

“Why, Lucy, you silly child,” said Royal; “it’s nothing to cry for. It will make no difference.”

“Why, I haven’t had my allowance,” said Lucy, “for a great many weeks.”

66 “No matter,” replied Royal; “father can put it all down together; it will make no difference.” So Royal opened Lucy’s book, and explained to Lucy how it would be.

“You see,” said he, “that when father put down the allowance before, it was July 15th. Now, he can calculate, very easily, how many weeks it is since then, till now, and so he can tell how much more allowance he must put down. I can almost calculate it myself.”

Lucy did not answer, but looked upon the date in her account-book, which Royal pointed at with his finger, trying to understand how it was.

“You see,” continued Royal, “that is the advantage of having an account-book. It keeps the reckoning. As soon as you get an account-book, and have the things put down, you may forget as much as you please.”

Lucy carried the account-book to her father that evening; and she found that it was as Royal had predicted. There was no difficulty at all in ascertaining the amount of the allowance due, by calculating from the date of the first entry. Lucy got her father to make the calculation, and enter the amount due up to that time; and then she went to put her book away, with a feeling of67 great relief and satisfaction. She turned round, however, after she had gone a few steps towards the door, and said,—

“No,” said her father; “I keep the money for you,—until you want to buy something with it.”

Nothing more was said about Lucy’s account-book for some days. At length, however, one evening, as Lucy was playing upon the cricket near the sofa, where her father was sitting, she came to him, and said,—

Her father hesitated a moment, and then put his hand into his pocket, and drew out several pieces of silver money.

“Why, Lucy,” he replied, “I don’t keep any money for you separate from my own.”

“Yes,” said her father, “so I did; but I did not mean that I would keep it separate.”

“Why, Lucy,” said he, “I keep your money, just as all bankers do the money they have on deposit.”

“Yes,” replied her father. “Money that is placed in any body’s hands for safe-keeping is said to be a deposit. Your money is deposited with me.”

“Now, when money is deposited with a banker, he does not keep that identical money separate from the rest.”

“No, not separately; he mixes it with his own money, and pays it away, just as he does his own.”

“I shouldn’t think he ought to do that,” said Lucy, “if it was deposited with him for safe-keeping.”

“Why, whenever the owner of the money comes to call for it, instead of giving back the69 money, which was deposited, he just gives him the same amount of his own money, and that is just as good. One dollar is as good as another dollar.”

Here Lucy’s father laughed again very heartily, and concluded that Lucy was rather too young to understand much about banking and finance. However, he thought that he would not despair too soon. So he proceeded thus:—

“Yes, Lucy, you are right; one dollar may be brighter and prettier than another as a coin, to be used for a plaything; but when I agreed to give you so much money each month, I did not mean so many coins for playthings, but a certain amount of value for purchases. Now, in value, and for use in making purchases, one dollar is as good as another; and so, in almost all cases in reckoning accounts among men, they never think at all of the particular money that they receive and pay, but only of the value. When one man borrows ten dollars of another man, he does not keep those same dollars to pay back to him again, but only pays him other dollars as good. And when money is deposited with a banker, he does not keep the same money, but puts it with his own,70 and spends from it just as if it were his own; and then, when the man who deposited the money with him, calls for it, he only gives him an equal amount of his own.”

“Just so with the money of your allowance. I don’t keep it separately from my other money; I am only bound to let you have the amount in value;—so that you see I can never give you your money to play with, but only when you want to expend any of it, then I must supply you with some of my own.”

Lucy seemed to be pretty well satisfied with this account; but still she wished there was some way by which she could have some of her money for a plaything.

“Well,” said her father, “we can manage it in this way. I will give you a piece of money, and I will set it down in the account, just as if it had been a plaything bought.”

So Lucy’s father took out several pieces of money from his purse, and let Lucy look them over, telling her that she might take whichever she chose. Then he entered the value of this piece of money in Lucy’s account-book, on the page opposite to the one where the allowance was entered. The account in this book was continued71 a long time. On one page Lucy’s father entered her allowance from time to time, whenever Lucy came to him and wanted her accounts made up; and on the other side he entered such things as she purchased; and this was the way in which Lucy got her first regular ideas of money and accounts.

CHAPTER VI.
MARY JAY.

Besides Lucy’s studies at home, she went to school, where she had other studies to attend to. The school was a small one, including the children of only one or two families, and was kept in a room which opened into a large and beautiful garden, as is more fully described in the book called Lucy’s Stories. To go to this school, the children went through a gate on the street, and then, passing through a green alley, they went around a corner, with trees, flowers, and shrubbery on each side, to the garden, and there, up stairs, was the school-room. There were not many children there. But, besides the teacher, there was a girl about fifteen, whom the children generally called Mary Jay. She could not walk very well, for she was very lame; but her countenance had a very mild and beautiful expression, and she was always very kind to the children. She used to read them stories out of a great book of stories,73 which she had written, and which she called the Morocco Book.

The reason why Mary Jay went to the school, was because she wanted to learn to be a teacher herself; and all the children thought that she would make a very excellent teacher. For she often heard the scholars recite their lessons, and explained their difficulties; and the children liked to go to her very much. She was very gentle and kind, and yet she always made them obey. In fact, they liked to obey. One day, when they were going home from school, Lucy said to her,—

“Well,” said Mary Jay, “the school which we go to now, isn’t going to be kept but two or three weeks longer, and then you may come to the house where I live, and be my scholar.”

74 “And do you remember a guide-post, at the foot of a hill, fastened to a great tree?”

“Two miles,” said Mary Jay, “not mills. It says that to the bridge it is two miles. Did you think it was mills?”

“Yes,” replied Lucy; “I thought it meant that that road led to a place where there was a bridge and two mills.”

“O no,” said Mary Jay, laughing. “It means that it is two miles to the bridge. The house that I live in, is about a half a mile along that road.”

As Mary Jay said this, they reached the place where the road to the house, which Lucy lived in, turned away from the road which Mary Jay was to take. So Lucy bade her good bye; and Mary Jay, after resting a moment upon her crutch, looking at Lucy as she walked along, turned away into her own road, and Lucy saw her no more.

That evening, however, Lucy told her mother what Mary Jay had said. Her mother inquired about it, and found that it was true that the school where Lucy had been admitted was to be closed in a few weeks, because the family where it had been kept were going away, and it wasn’t to be75 opened again until the next spring. But there were to be three more months of pleasant weather; and so Lucy’s mother went to see Mary Jay, and made an arrangement with her to take Lucy for a scholar.

Accordingly, a few days after this, Lucy set off, one morning, with Royal to guide her, to go to Mary Jay’s house, to begin at her new school. They walked along very pleasantly together, Royal carrying Lucy’s slate and book for her, in a green satchel. When they came to the guide-board, Lucy stopped to examine it more particularly. She found it was miles, not mills.

“You might have known,” said Royal, “by there being no and. If it had meant two mills, it would have been, bridge and two mills.”

“Then it means,” said Lucy, “that it is two miles to the bridge down this road.”

“O, it isn’t very far,” said Royal. “I can walk two miles easily enough.”

So Royal and Lucy walked on. After a time, the road turned a little, coming round a pretty76 green hill covered with trees; and on the other side of it, there came into view a small farm-house, painted white, with a garden on one side, and a few small sheds and barns upon the other. Between the house and the garden there was a little gate, and a path leading up to a door in the end of the house; and there was quite a pleasant little grass yard in front of the door, with the garden gate on the opposite side of it.

“Is that it?” said Lucy; “what a pleasant house! Do you think she will let me go in that garden?”

“O, because you’d pull up the flowers, and trample on the beds. They don’t let children go in such pretty gardens as that.”

“O Royal,” said Lucy, “I shouldn’t trample on the beds, I am sure. I should be very careful.”

“Well,” replied Royal, “you’ll see whether she’ll let you go in her garden. But now you can find your way to the door, and I am going back.”

Royal only laughed at Lucy’s fears, and said he only came to show her the way, and not to knock for her. But he did wrong. He ought to have been willing to have gone up to the door with her, since she wished it; but he would not.

He, however, finally consented to remain where he was, to watch and see whether she got in safely.

So Lucy took her satchel and walked along, while Royal sat down upon a stone by the roadside, to watch her progress.

There was a little gate next to the street, which Lucy would have to pass through in going up to the door. There were two large lilac bushes hanging over the gate, one on each side. When she came to it, she found it fastened by a kind of wooden latch; and at first she did not know how to open it. She turned around, and beckoned to Royal to come and help her; but Royal sat still. He thought that she might have climbed over, if she couldn’t open the gate.

There was another large gate beyond the house, which seemed to lead from the street into a78 yard, where the little barns and sheds were; and Lucy had a great mind to go in there, for the large gate was open. But she was afraid that there might be some cows in there; and besides, she did not know that there was any door leading into the house around that way; so she tried once more to open the gate. This time she succeeded; the gate came open, and Lucy, much relieved, went through, and shut it after her.

She walked along the path, toward the door. Before the door there was a large stone step, of irregular form, but smooth upon the top. There was a rose-bush on each side of the step. One of the rose-bushes was very large. There were apple-trees in the garden, and Lucy thought she saw a bird’s nest on one of them.

Lucy knocked gently and timidly at the door; but nobody heard her. Then she knocked again, a little louder. She listened, and presently she thought she heard somebody coming. A moment after, the door opened, and a little girl, who yet seemed to be considerably older than she was herself, appeared. She smiled when she saw Lucy, as if she knew her, but did not speak. She opened the door wide, and Lucy went in.

Then Royal, who had been all this time sitting upon the stone by the roadside, watching Lucy’s79 motions, as soon as he saw that Lucy had gone in, and that the door was shut, and that there was nothing more for him to do, got up from his seat, and walked away towards home.

The girl who had opened the door for Lucy, conducted her along through a kind of sitting-room, into a little bed-room, where Lucy found Mary Jay sitting at a window at work.

“Ah! Lucy,” said Mary Jay, “I am glad to see you; how did you find your way?”

“He did not come quite here,” said Lucy, “but stopped out in the road; and now I suppose that he has gone home.”

“O, I am sorry that he didn’t come in. He would have liked to see our bird’s nest.”

“Yes,” said Mary Jay, “with three young birds in it. And there is a little ladder, so that we can climb up very easily and see it. But you may take off your bonnet and put it away. You’ll find a nail to hang it upon in that closet.”

Mary Jay pointed to a closet door, which Lucy opened, and found there two nails, driven on purpose for her, low enough for her to reach. She80 put her bonnet upon one, and hung her satchel upon the other, after having taken out her book and slate. Then Lucy went back to Mary Jay.

“There,” said Mary Jay, “look there, and see what a table I have prepared for you.”

Lucy looked where Mary Jay pointed. There were two chairs placed near the window, with a board passing across from one chair to the other. The board was pretty wide, but not very long. It was smooth, and it looked very new. One end of the board rested upon one chair, and the other end upon the other chair, so that it made a sort of table. There was a small chair with a seat made of a kind of basket work, before this table. Lucy knew at once that this little chair was for her.

“Yes,” said Mary Jay, “or desk; you may call it your desk, if you please.”

Lucy sat down at her desk, and she said she liked it very much. She put her book and slate before her, and found that the board was just high enough for her.

“Now,” continued Mary Jay, “that will be your place to study; but the place to keep your books after you have done studying is on a shelf81 in the closet. You may go and see if you can find it.”

So Lucy went to the closet again. She found a small shelf there, pretty low, so that she could not only reach it, to put things on and take them off, but she could see all over it.

“Whose inkstand, and ruler, and pencil, are these, Mary Jay, on my shelf?” said Lucy.

“I don’t suppose I ought to call you Mary Jay,” said Lucy, “now you are my teacher.”

“Yes,” said Mary Jay, “call me by that name, just as you always have done.”

“That’s the very reason why I got them for you, so that you might learn. Children don’t come to school to do what they know how to do already.”

“Why, you know, when children are very little, they cannot walk at all without somebody to take hold of their hands and lead them. After a while, they learn to go alone. Now, when they first come to school, it is just so with their progress in study. They can’t go alone at all. The teacher has to lead them all the way. After a time, they get along a little way, so that they can study by themselves a quarter of an hour, or half an hour, and, by and by, an hour, without any help; and this is what I call going alone. Now, when a scholar gets so as to go alone a little in her studies, it is a great deal easier to teach her.

“Now,” continued Mary Jay, “my plan is for you to study half an hour by yourself, if I can only contrive lessons which you can understand without help for so long a time; and that is what I call going alone.”

“Now,” added Mary Jay, “your first lesson83 shall be to make figures on your slate. I will set you a copy.”

So Mary Jay took Lucy’s slate, and, with the ruler and the slate pencil, she ruled a line along the top of it, and then made a number of figures, very neatly and carefully, for Lucy to copy. She told Lucy to take the ruler, and sit down at her desk, and rule another line, and then to make some figures exactly like the copy, and then to rule another line, and so on down the slate.

“I want to see,” said Mary Jay, “if you can keep yourself busy doing that, without saying a word to me, for half an hour. That will be going alone. When the half-hour is out, I will let you have a recess.”

Lucy tried, but she did not succeed very well. She could not rule her lines straight, and she wanted to come and show them to Mary Jay. Then, whenever she made a bad figure, she would sigh, and exclaim, “O dear me! how hard it is!” If she made a good figure, she wanted to jump up, and come and show it to Mary Jay. When the time was about half out, she was very thirsty, and she wanted Mary Jay to go out and get her a drink of water. In reply to all her questions and complaints, Mary Jay always told her to wait until the half-hour was out, and she would attend to84 her. Even for the drink of water, she told her that she must wait until the recess.

When the time which Mary Jay had assigned to Lucy had expired, she said to her,—

“Now, Lucy, it is time for recess. So you may leave your slate upon the desk, and go out and play a little while.”

“Well,” said Lucy, “only may I first come and show you what I have done?”

“No,” said Mary Jay, “not till after recess. When you get any directions from your teacher, you must obey them exactly.”

“O, you may go out into the yard and garden, and see what you can find to amuse yourself with.”

CHAPTER VII.
THE RECESS.

Lucy went out through the room by which she had entered, and came to the door, where she had knocked when she came to the house. The door was open, and she walked out. She stood a few minutes upon the great, flat stone, which served for a step, considering which way she should go.

Just then, she recollected that she was thirsty; and so she went back and asked Mary Jay how she should get a drink.

Mary Jay told her to go and look under her shelf in her closet. Lucy went, and she found a little tin mug hanging there upon a nail; for Mary Jay, like all good teachers, had taken pains to consider beforehand what would be necessary for her little pupil, and had provided for every thing, so as to prevent delay and trouble afterwards. This is always the best way in teaching, as well as in every thing else.

“Now,” said Mary Jay, “take that mug, and86 go out in the yard, and around behind the house, and you will see a small gate. Go through that gate, and you will see a little building with woodbine growing all over it. There you can get a drink.”

So Lucy took her mug and walked along. She found the gate very easily. It was small and easy to open. When Lucy had passed through, it shut of its own accord.

She found herself in a pretty, green yard, next to the backside of the house; and in the corner of this yard was the little building which Mary Jay had referred to. It was small; it had a roof and sides, but the front was open. It was almost covered and enveloped with woodbine. There was no floor, but there came up out of the ground, inside of the building, a small red post, with a little stream of water spouting out from it. Lucy went immediately to it, to see what it was.

There was a large, square board upon the ground before the post, which looked like the cover of a box, buried in the ground. The water from the post fell into a place just behind this box. She took hold of the edge of the board,87 to see if it would lift up like a cover. She wanted to see where the water went to.

She found that the board would lift up like the cover of a box; and under it there was a small, square cistern, full of water. Lucy put the cover down again immediately, partly because she was afraid that she might fall in, and partly because she happened to recollect that it was not right for her to open the cistern without leave.

Then Lucy held her mug under the stream of water which spouted out from the post, until the mug was full. Then she had a good drink. She afterwards held her mug under, and let it fill several times, pouring the water down upon the grass. When the water first struck upon the bottom of the mug, it made a sort of a drumming sound, which was gradually deadened as the bottom became covered with water. Then Lucy would watch the surface of the water as it rose slowly, until at length it would run over in streams, and fall into the cistern below.

While Lucy was sitting here, a door which led into the back part of the house, opened, and a girl came out, swinging a pail back and forth in her hand. The girl advanced towards the place where Lucy was, by a path which was well trodden. When she reached the cistern, she88 lifted up the cover; and then, dipping the pail in, she took up a pail full of water, and then shut the cover down.

“Because,” said the girl, “I can’t wait long enough for it. So we have a cistern, which keeps always full, and we can dip it out of that.”

So saying, the girl went away towards the house, carrying the pail upon one side, and leaning her head and arm away over to the other. Lucy then thought that she would go and look around the yard, and see what else she could find.

She walked along towards the garden gate. “I knew,” she said to herself, “that Mary Jay would let me go in her garden, though Royal said she would not.”

She opened the gate, and walked in. She found many rows of corn, and beans, and other garden vegetables, but not many flowers. In the back corner were some large sunflowers, with great bumble-bees in them; and there were two89 or three apple-trees, with a great many apples growing on the branches. Some were red, and some were of a russet-brown.

Lucy liked the garden very much; but she began soon to think that it was time for her to go in. So she turned around, and began to walk back towards the garden gate. She was walking now in a path along on the opposite side of the garden from that in which she came in, and looking at some large gourds, which were growing by the side of it, when suddenly she heard a great buzzing near her. She looked up, and saw that there was a hive of bees under a little shed, by the side of the walk close before her.

Lucy was afraid to go by the bees, and so she turned back to go around some other way.

She found that she had to go quite to the backside of the garden, before she could get into another path, which would lead towards the gate. Here, just as she passed the end of a row of currant-bushes, her attention was attracted by a stile, or set of steps, made of boards, which was made to get over the fence by. Lucy thought that she would climb up upon the stile, and look over, and see what there was upon the other side.

She found that she could mount very easily;90 and, when she got up to the highest step but one, she could see over into the field beyond. It was a very pleasant place, and Lucy wished very much that she could go over. There was a path well beaten, which led down a gentle descent, until it turned around the point of a rocky precipice, and disappeared among the trees. Lucy wished very much that she knew where the path led to. She thought that she could see something down among the trees, glimmering like light, reflected from water.

But Lucy then thought that it was quite time for her to go in; and so she got down from the stile, and walked along towards the gate. By the route which she was now taking, she was led away from the bees, so that she reached the gate without any difficulty. Then she went in and took her place at her desk again.

“Very much,” said Lucy; “only there are no other children for me to play with.”

“True,” said Royal; “but you don’t go to school to play, and so that is no hardship.”

“Yes, it is a hardship,” said Lucy, “for I have a recess, and I want somebody to play with me in the recess.”

“I had a recess,” said Lucy, “and an excellent recess too, and you don’t know what I saw.”

“It was a pump, I suppose,” replied Royal, “and the water spouted out when you pumped.”

“No,” said Lucy, “it was only a short post about so high.” Here Lucy held her hand out, about two feet above the level of the ground, to show Royal how high the post was.

“Why, Lucy,” said Royal, “water couldn’t spout out of a pump unless there was something to make it.”

“Yes it could,” said Lucy; “I saw it. It was nothing but a red post so high.”

“I don’t know,” said Lucy; “only I know that there was nothing there but a post, for I saw it myself. The water came up out of a box in the ground.”

92 “Why, I saw it,” replied Lucy. “I lifted up the cover of the box, and looked in, and it was full of water. I mean to ask my father to buy such a post, and put it in our yard.”

“O Lucy,” said Royal, with a laugh, “it couldn’t be—not unless there was a lead pipe, or something to come along under the ground, for the water to run in.”

“No,” said Lucy, “there wasn’t any lead pipe; it was nothing but a post. I saw it myself.”

“There must be a lead pipe,” said Royal, very positively, “under the ground, or else the water wouldn’t spout up.”

Lucy paused a moment, considering whether what Royal said could be true; but at length she added,—

“Why, Royal, there couldn’t be any lead pipe in the ground, because, if there was, they would have dug up the grass around there, when they put it down. But the ground was not dug up at all. It was smooth and grassed all over the yard.”

Lucy was wrong. She ought not to have been so positive. It is very unsafe for children to be positive, in saying what is and what is not possible. And Royal was wrong too. He might safely have said, that he presumed that there was93 a lead pipe under the ground; but he ought not to have been so positive of what he had no means of certainly knowing.

The question was not settled until Lucy went to school the next day. She then asked Mary Jay about it.

“Yes,” said Mary Jay, “a pipe made of wooden logs, with holes bored through them, from end to end. Then these logs are put together under the ground, and thus they make a long wooden pipe, and the water comes through that.”

“It comes from a spring, on a hill behind the house. The spring is pretty high, and so the water runs down until it gets to the post, and then, as it cannot get any farther, it spouts out into the air.”

“No,” said Mary Jay; “the water in the cistern comes out of the post; it does not go into it. The water spouts out from the post, and keeps the cistern full.”

“It flows along through another pipe, underground, into a trough in the barn-yard, where the cows go to drink.”

“But, Mary Jay, how could they put the great logs in the ground, without digging up all the grass in the yard?”

“They did dig it up,” said Mary Jay, “I suppose, when they put the logs down; but that was several years ago, and the grass has grown up since.”

“Well,—I knew the water didn’t come in a leaden pipe, at any rate, and I told Royal so.”

CHAPTER VIII.
MARY JAY’S INSTRUCTIONS.

After Lucy had been several days in Mary Jay’s school, and had learned to work quietly by herself, for half an hour at a time, Mary Jay said, one day, that she would go and take a walk with her in the recess.

“Well,” said Lucy, “and I wish you would go down behind the garden, by the great rock, and show me where that path leads to.”

Mary Jay assented to this proposal, and they set out together. Lucy clambered over the stile without any trouble, and Mary Jay herself got over much more easily than Lucy had supposed possible. In fact, although Mary Jay appeared to be very lame in walking, yet she could walk without any pain, and without much inconvenience to herself. The difficulty was rather apparent than real.

Lucy was surprised, therefore, to see how readily Mary Jay mounted the steps of the stile, and descended on the other side.

96 “I believe I will leave one of my crutches here,” said she to Lucy, “and then I can take hold of your hand.”

So she led Lucy with one of her hands, while she managed the remaining crutch with the other; and thus they walked along the path which led towards the rocky precipice.

“Now, Lucy,” said Mary Jay, “I will tell you of some of the difficulties which children meet with in school. There are three things, which it belongs to a good scholar to do, which are rather hard.”

“To continue to study after you have got tired of study, to try to do what you think you can’t do, and to obey orders when you think they are wrong.”

“Yes,” replied Mary Jay. “It is pretty easy to obey when you think the orders are right; the difficulty comes when you think the orders are wrong. For example, there was a boy once, and his name was Thomas. He used to hold his slate pencil just as we commonly hold a pen. The teacher told him that that wasn’t right. She showed him how a slate pencil ought to be held, and then she went away and left Thomas at his97 work. He tried the teacher’s way, and said to himself, ‘This isn’t half as good a way as mine. I can’t make the figures half as well.’ Then he changed his pencil, and held it just as he had done it before, that is, as a pen is held.”

“I will show you,” said Mary Jay. Then she looked about upon the ground, and found a little sprig, which would answer to represent a pen, and she placed it between the fingers of her right hand, leaning upon her crutch while she did it,—and thus showed Lucy how a pen ought to be held.

So Mary Jay broke off a short piece of the sprig, which was of suitable length to represent a slate pencil, and she placed that between her fingers, in such a way as to show how a slate pencil ought to be held.

“Now, Thomas,” she continued, “when he found that he could not work so conveniently by holding the pencil in the way that the teacher had directed him to hold it, concluded that she must have been wrong, and so he returned to his old method.”

“Why, when the teacher came there again,” said Mary Jay, “she found him disobeying her. She said, ‘Why, Thomas, I told you not to hold the pencil so.’

“‘Yes,’ said Thomas, ‘I tried the other way, but I found that I couldn’t make my figures so well.’”

Here Mary Jay paused a moment; but Lucy did not say any thing, and so she proceeded.

“Thomas thought,” said she, “that he was not bound to obey his teacher, unless he thought that her directions were right. But the truth is, that children ought to obey their parents and teachers always; no matter whether they think the commands are right and reasonable, or not. It is very easy to obey, when you see that the command is right and reasonable; but when you do not understand why the command is given, or when it seems unreasonable or wrong, then comes the trial.”

“I shouldn’t think,” said Lucy, “that the teacher would want him to make the figures the hardest way.”99

“No,” said Mary Jay; “the truth was this:101 Thomas’s way was the hardest, and the teacher’s the easiest; only Thomas had become so accustomed to his method, that he couldn’t at once do quite so well in the other. There are a great many things, which children have to do, that can be done most easily in one particular way, when they are once accustomed to that way. But before they are accustomed to it, it may perhaps be harder than some other way, which they are familiar with. Children are often told to hold their pens, or their knife and fork, or spoon, at table, in a way which seems to them inconvenient and troublesome; and so they think the command is unreasonable and wrong. They think their parent or teacher is mistaken, and so they don’t obey. But if they would obey, they would soon become accustomed to the proper way, and then they would find it altogether better than their old habit. That’s the philosophy of it, Lucy; that’s the philosophy of it.”

At this time, they had reached the rocky precipice, and the path passed around near the foot of it. Lucy looked up at the rocks, and was a little afraid that they would fall down upon her head. Mary Jay said, that she had seen boys climb up nearly to the top. From this place, the path passed along among some trees, and Lucy102 and Mary Jay went on; and, as they walked, Mary Jay resumed the conversation.

“Then there is another thing,” she added, “which I mentioned—being willing to try to do what you think you can’t do, or what you can’t do very well. Once, when I was at a school, there was a girl that sat next to me, and her name was Sarah. The teacher was choosing a copy for her to write. He had several in his hands, and he gave her one that had some figures at the end of it. Sarah looked at it, and then carried it back to the teacher’s desk, and asked him if he would be kind enough to give her another copy, for that one had figures at the end of it.

“‘No,’ said Sarah, ‘and so I should like to have a copy that hasn’t got any figures in it.’

“The teacher then began to look over his copies, and Sarah supposed that he was endeavoring to find one which had no figures in it. While he was doing this, she said,—

“‘I think Lucy Dane would like that copy103 very well, for she can make figures beautifully.’”

“Presently,” continued Mary Jay, “the teacher took out a copy, which was all figures from the beginning of the line to the end, and handed it to Sarah.

“‘There,’ said he, ‘I am glad you told me that you can’t make figures very well, for I want to have you learn; so I’ll give you copies of figures altogether, for a while. And as for Lucy Dane, I will be careful not to give her any more copies with figures in them, if she can make figures beautifully already.’”

“Why, Mary Jay!” said Lucy. She was quite surprised at this decision of the teacher.

“Children very often,” continued Mary Jay, “make objections to do what their teacher requires, because they say they can’t do it. They forget that this is the very reason why they should set to work and learn. You don’t go to school to do over again what you can already do very well, but to learn to do things which you can’t do when you go.

104 “There was another girl in the same school,” continued Mary Jay; “and one day, when the teacher told us that we must write every other page in our writing books without ruling, in order that we might learn to write straight without lines to guide us, she said that she couldn’t write at all without ruling.

“‘Can’t you?’ said the teacher; ‘then you’ll have to write every page so, instead of every other, until you learn a little; and when you get so as to write tolerably straight, then it will not be necessary for you to write so much without a guide.’”

But Mary Jay did not have time to answer this question, for Lucy had hardly spoken the words, when her eye caught a view of quite a little sheet of water before her, under the trees. So she left Mary Jay, and ran on towards it.

It was a broad and shallow sheet of water, made by the expansion of a brook, which flowed here over smooth, yellow sands. A little below where they stood, the surface of the water was contracted, and the brook flowed over gravel and small stones, with a rapid motion, and finally fell down some rocks, making quite a little waterfall.105 Large trees overhung the whole scene, and made it shady and cool.

So she led Lucy along up a bank, by a narrow path, until she came to a place where were some rocks, which were, like the water, overhung with trees. Here there was placed a long, flat stone, in front of a sort of wall or precipice of rock, in such a manner that the stone made a very good seat, and the rock behind it, which was smooth and inclined backwards a little, made a very good back to lean upon.

“Why, did you lift this great stone?” said Lucy, putting her hand down upon the stone seat.

“I shouldn’t think that you could lift such a great, heavy stone,” said Lucy.

“No,” replied Mary Jay, “I couldn’t have lifted it exactly. I pried it along.”

“Why, I saw the stone lying a little way off, half in the ground, and I went, one day, and got106 my little hoe, which my father bought for me when I was about as large as you are, to hoe my garden with; and with that I dug the stone out. Then I brought down a little iron bar, and pried it up. My sister put stones under to keep it from falling back again into its old place. At last I got it up so high, that she could put a pole under; and at length we got it entirely out of its hole. Then we pried it along, one end at a time; and finally we got it in its place, and I pried it up, and my sister put the stones under which keep it up.”

Then Lucy looked under the seat, and found that at each end there were several flat stones, one over the other, forming a little pile; and the stone seat rested upon them.

“But, Mary Jay,” said Lucy, “why didn’t you get your father to come and do it for you?”

“Because,” said Mary Jay, “my father is always busy at his work; and, besides, I knew that I should enjoy my seat a great deal more, to do it all myself.”

“Yes,” replied Mary Jay, “my sister helped me; and she and I own the seat together. I come down here sometimes to read.”

“I wish,” said Lucy, “that you would let me107 come down here sometimes, and study my lesson.”

“Well,” said Mary Jay, “when you get so that you can go alone, I will. If you are down here, there will be nobody to watch you, or help you when you are in difficulty, so that it will be of no use for you to come until you can go alone.”

CHAPTER IX.
JUST SAVED.

One morning, when Lucy was seated at her desk, in Mary Jay’s room, the little girl that opened the door for her, the first day of her coming to school, came in and told Mary Jay that there was a young gentleman at the door who wanted to see Lucy.

“A young gentleman!” said Lucy, astonished. She couldn’t imagine how any young gentleman could have called to see her. She looked up to Mary Jay, without saying a word.

So Lucy rose; but she was somewhat afraid to go. However, she followed the little girl out; and then, passing through the intervening room, she went to the front door; and there Lucy found that the young gentleman was nobody but Royal. Lucy laughed aloud.

109 “Why, the girl said that there was a young gentleman at the door, who wanted to see me.”

“Well, I am a young gentleman,” said Royal, “I’d have you to know. But come, I am going to ride away in a chaise, and my father said that I might call and get you to go too, if Mary Jay was willing.”

So Lucy went in to ask Mary Jay. She readily gave her consent, only she told Lucy that she had better take Royal about the garden and yards a little, and let him see what there was to be seen.

Lucy was much pleased to adopt this plan. She first took Royal to the water post, as she called it, to let him see the water spout out, and she told him that the pipes, which conveyed the water to it, were wooden pipes, not leaden ones. Then she conducted him into the garden, and pointed out the hive of bees to him, standing at a safe distance. Then they both clambered over the stile, and went down to the brook, where Lucy was going to show him Mary Jay’s seat; but her attention was arrested at the sight of a duck and six small ducklings, sailing about upon the pond. Both Royal and Lucy were greatly delighted at this sight. The little ducklings would swim about, and dabble with their bills in the110 sand, and in the grass upon the bank, as skilfully as if they had been practising half a dozen years.

Some of the ducks were nearly black, and some were yellow; they were all covered with a silky down, instead of feathers, with a little tuft on each side, in the place of wings. Their little web feet were, however, perfectly formed, and were smooth and glossy. Lucy saw one very plainly, when one of the ducks was running on the bank.

After some time, the children left the pond and the ducks, and went up to the house again; and then Lucy got into the chaise with Royal, and rode away. They rode about two miles, when Royal did his errand, and then they returned home. Royal left Lucy at her school again, as there was some more school time yet left; and, besides, Lucy wanted to ask Mary Jay something about the ducks.

Lucy was going on to describe her ride, but Mary Jay said that it was her study hours, and that she had better sit right down to her studies, and when she had finished her lesson, then she should like very much to hear about her ride.

“You see,” continued Mary Jay, “that it will be better for us not to lose any more time than is necessary, when you go away to ride; for then your father, when he finds it doesn’t make much interruption, will let you go the oftener.”

Lucy accordingly sat down at once to her work, and studied industriously upon her spelling lesson, until the time had expired. Then she told Mary Jay about her ride, and afterwards asked her about the ducks.

“The ducks!” repeated Mary Jay; “where did you see them? Down in the brook?”

“Why, Lucy,” said Mary Jay, apparently much surprised, and starting up to take her crutches. “Then my ducklings are hatched out.”

112 So Mary Jay and Lucy hastened out into the yard. From the yard they passed into the garden, and from thence over the stile. They followed the path down, until they came to the water; and here Mary Jay seemed to be even more pleased than Royal and Lucy had been, to see her little ducklings.

“I didn’t know that they were hatched,” said Mary Jay; “the duck has been sitting for some time, but I didn’t think that she could find her way down here alone, with all the little ducklings. Let’s see—how many are there?”

“One, two, three, four, five,—and that little black one on the bank makes six,” said Mary Jay. “But there ought to be seven.”

“Because,” said Mary Jay, “there were seven eggs. Let us go to the nest and see.”

So Mary Jay and Lucy went back towards the house. They went through the garden and the yard beyond, where the aqueduct was situated, and thence they passed into another yard, where there was a barn and a shed.

“I don’t see how the little ducklings could get over all these fences,” said Lucy.

113 “No,” said Mary Jay, “they didn’t; there is another way for them to go. I will show it to you presently.”

They now came into a shed, where there was a cart and a wagon; and in one corner there was a sleigh, which had been stored away there for the summer. Mary Jay looked under the sleigh, and Lucy stooped down and looked under too.

There was a nest made of hay under the back corner of the sleigh, with several egg-shells lying about it; in the nest was one egg remaining, which seemed to be whole.

“There is one egg,” said Mary Jay; “couldn’t you creep under and get it, Lucy? Stop a minute, and I will put something down for you to kneel upon.”

So Mary Jay took the seat out of the sleigh, which was a smooth board, like a box cover, and she put it down upon the ground between the two runners. Then Lucy crept in upon this, going in in front; and when she came to the end of the seat, she found that she could just reach the egg. She took it up, and was bringing it out, when suddenly she dropped it, appearing to be frightened.

114 “Did you?” said Mary Jay; “then there must be a little duckling in it alive. Take it up very carefully, and bring it out to me.”

So Lucy took up the egg again, and crept out backward, and handed it to Mary Jay. Then she came out entirely, and stood up before Mary Jay to see the egg. It was cracked and broken by the fall.

“Put the seat back in its place, Lucy,” said Mary Jay, “and then we can get into the sleigh, and sit down.”

So Lucy put the seat back in its place, and they both stepped in and sat down. Then Mary Jay began carefully to pull off the pieces of the shell.

“Because,” said Mary Jay, “it is so tender and young. You see it is not fledged yet, and it ought to be kept warm; but the old duck has gone away with the others, and so she will not take care of it; and it is not grown enough to swim about in the water.”

By this time, Mary Jay had got the little duckling115 out, and held it in her hand. He was partly covered with a coarse sort of bristles, the rudiments of future feathers. He peeped a little, but he could not stand, or hold up his head. He lay extended upon Mary Jay’s hand, almost lifeless and cold.

“Yes,” replied Mary Jay; “he looks more like a young porcupine, than like a duck.”

“To keep him warm,” said Mary Jay. “One of your hands will be a bed, and the other a blanket.”

So Mary Jay walked along towards the house, and Lucy followed her, carrying the duckling very carefully, covering it with her right hand, though she took care not to press her hand down upon it116 hard enough to hurt it. When they got into the house, Mary Jay got a little basket, not much larger than a tea-cup, and lined the bottom of it with cotton. Then she put in the duckling, and covered him over with cotton.

“No,” said Mary Jay, “he has more air to breathe than he had in the egg-shell; the great thing is to keep him warm.”

When Mary Jay had got the little duckling comfortably established in his basket, she went out into the kitchen, and put the basket in a pretty warm corner, and left him. Then she told Lucy that it was time for her to go home.

“No,” said Mary Jay, “I am afraid not—but we can tell by the time you come to school to-morrow morning.”

When it was time for Lucy to come home from her school the next day, Royal went out to the door to watch for her; for Lucy had told him about the duckling, and he was very eager to hear whether it was alive or not. After waiting some time, he caught a glimpse of Lucy’s bonnet,117 through the trees, as she was coming along the road. When she had advanced so far as to come into full view, he saw that she had a little basket in her hand, which she was bringing along very carefully.

“Lucy,” said Royal, calling out aloud to her, “what have you got there?”

Lucy looked up, and, seeing Royal, began to run along a little, very gently, towards him; but she checked herself immediately, finding that it shook the basket too much. So she contented herself with walking as fast as she could, calling out at the same time, in reply to Royal,—

By this time Royal had run up to where she was, very eager to look in and see the little duckling.

“Yes,” said Lucy; and she moved away a little of the cotton, and let Royal look in. The duckling held up its head, and began to peep. It was alive, and pretty strong, and covered with a soft, silky down, like the ducklings which Royal and Lucy had seen in the water.

“O Lucy,” said Royal, “what a beautiful little duckling! I wish I had it. Didn’t she give it partly to me? To me and you together, I guess it was,” he added.

“Well,” said Royal, “I wish you would let me own it with you;” and then he added, after a moment’s pause, “I’ll make you a duck pond, Lucy; you must have a duck pond.”

Lucy still had some doubts whether Royal could really make a duck pond; but, as she wanted very much to see the little duckling swim, she finally concluded to agree to Royal’s proposal, and to let him own it with her, provided he would make a pond.

CHAPTER X.
DIVER.

Royal commenced his pond that afternoon, though the commencement of the pond was the commencement of difficulties between him and Lucy respecting their agreement; for Lucy, after getting Joanna to give the duckling a little meal and water, according to Mary Jay’s directions, and leaving him safe in Joanna’s care in the kitchen, went out into the yard, and found Royal at work getting out a large box, which was behind the barn. The box was about as large every way as a common bureau drawer, being pretty long and broad, but very shallow.

“I don’t see how you are going to make a duck pond with a box,” said Lucy.

“Why, you see,” said Royal, “I am going to dig a square hole in the ground, in a corner of the120 yard, and set this box down in it, and then I am going to pour water in it, and so make the duck pond.”

“O yes,” said Royal, “it will be plenty big enough for such a little duckling as ours. He can swim about in it a great deal.”

“Yes,” said Royal, “it is part mine; you said if I would make you a duck pond, you would let me own it with you.”

“Yes, I said I would give it to you, after you had made the duck pond; but I haven’t given it to you yet.”

“Yes, but, Lucy, I am going to make the duck pond. I am doing it as fast as I can.”

“It won’t be big enough,” said Lucy. “I meant a duck pond as big as Mary Jay’s.”

“O Lucy, I could not possibly make such a big duck pond as that. That is a great brook.”

“Yes,” said Lucy, “and so I told you. I told you that you couldn’t make such a duck pond as I wanted.”

Royal insisted that the bargain was fairly made, and that he only agreed to make a duck pond big enough for a duck to swim in. And now he said121 that it was not fair for Lucy to take back her promise, and that he meant to go on and finish the pond, and then he should certainly have half the duck for his.

But Lucy, on the other hand, contended that she meant a large duck pond; whereas Royal was only going to make a box full of water. After considerable discussion, they very properly agreed to refer the case to Miss Anne. They both promised to abide by her decision.

They found Miss Anne swinging herself at a swing, near the back part of the garden. After hearing a full account of the case from each of the parties, Miss Anne said,—

“It is rather a difficult case to decide. Nothing was said about the size of the duck pond in the bargain, but yet Lucy says she meant a large one; and it is highly probable that she did. Now, it is hard for her to lose her duck, in a bargain which she did not mean to make.

“But, then, on the other hand,” continued Miss Anne, “Royal honestly understood her to mean a duck pond of any size, and so he began in good faith to fulfil his agreement; and now it is rather hard for him to be disappointed, and lose his work.”

“Why, Miss Anne,” said Lucy, “he hasn’t122 done any work; he has only taken out the box.”

“That is something,” said Miss Anne, “and then the disappointment is a good deal; so that it is a hard case to decide.”

“You see, Royal—do you not?—that your claim is a somewhat doubtful one?”

“Why, I think,” said Royal, “that it was a fair bargain; and, besides, to make a small duck pond will be as much as the duckling is worth.”

“Still, that was not her understanding, and so the case is somewhat doubtful. Now, sometimes, in such a case, where a man has a claim which he perceives is, after all, a doubtful one, and the other party is not willing to allow it, he will not insist upon it. We all have just claims, which, considering all the circumstances of the case, we do not wish to insist upon.”

“Why, suppose, for instance, that I should lend a book to Mary Jay, and, while it was at her house, it should accidentally get injured.”

“I have no doubt of that,” replied Miss Anne;123 “but then an accident might happen. A little child might get it.”

“No matter,” replied Miss Anne; “we can certainly make the supposition, that the book got injured.”

Lucy thought that, even as a mere supposition, the idea that a book could get injured, while under Mary Jay’s care, was wholly inadmissible. However, she said no more, and Miss Anne proceeded.

“Now, if that were the case,” continued Miss Anne, “I should have a claim upon Mary Jay to buy me another book. If any body borrows any thing, and it gets injured while in her care, she is bound to get another; so I should have a fair and just claim upon her; but I should not insist upon it. I should not wish her to buy me another book. It would be a just claim, but yet I should not insist upon it.

“Now, cases of this kind very often happen,” she continued, “where persons have just claims, which they prefer to yield, rather than to insist upon. Now, you think, in this case, Royal, that you have a just claim upon Lucy; but, perhaps, considering all the circumstances of the case, you124 will conclude that you will not insist upon it. That will settle the whole question; and I shall be saved the necessity of deciding whether the share of the duck is justly yours or not.”

“Well,” said Royal, after a moment’s pause, “on the whole, I don’t care much. I believe I’ll make the duck pond, and you may have the duck yourself, Lucy, pond and all.”

Lucy was highly gratified at Royal’s generosity, in giving up his claim so pleasantly, and they went together out into the yard.

Royal then proceeded with his work. He dug a square hole in the corner of the yard, and put the earth, which came out of it, into his little wheelbarrow, and wheeled it away, reserving one wheelbarrow load. Then he put the box into its place, and rammed in the earth which he had reserved, compactly, all around it.

“Because,” said Lucy, “the sides are so steep, that my little duck can’t get out.”

“But, Royal,” said Lucy, “what good does it do to put in the box? Why don’t you pour the water right into the hole.”

“Because,” said Royal, “it would all soak away into the ground. The sides of the box will keep the water from soaking away so much.”

Accordingly, when Royal had finished placing his box in the ground, and had packed the earth in tight all around it, he went away with his wheelbarrow to a bank at some distance, down in the field, where there was some clay, and he brought a little of this in his wheelbarrow to the spot. He worked this clay over all the seams, and into the corners of the box, ramming it down hard.

“There,” said he, “now the water can’t get through. Clay is water-tight. Water can go through sand, but it can’t get through clay.”

“Yes,” replied Royal. “After I have made126 my box water-tight, with clay, then I am going to put sand in.”

So Royal, when his clay was all crowded into its place, around the bottom of the box, took his wheelbarrow again, and went after a load of sand and gravel. He had to go to some distance for this; but he succeeded at length in getting as much as he could wheel, of pretty clean sand and pebble-stones.

This load he put into the box, and he disposed of the sand and gravel in such a way, as that it filled the box nearly full around the sides, leaving a deep place in the middle. Then he went to get some water.

He brought pailful after pailful, until he had filled up his little pond level with the top. The water was somewhat turbid immediately after he had poured it in; but he told Lucy that in a little while it would subside and be clear.

“Yes,” replied Royal; “for, pretty soon, you see, the duck will be big enough to live out of127 doors, and then you will want a house for him.”

So Royal went and got another box. It was shaped like a trunk, and about as large, only it had no cover. Royal brought this, and placed it at one end of his duck pond, laying it down upon its side, so that the open part was towards the pond.

“There,” said he, “that will do for a house, only the top ought to be slanting.”

“Well, Royal,” said Lucy, “we can tip it back a little, and that will make the top slanting. Then you can put a stone under one side, to keep it so.”

“No,” replied Royal, “for that will make the bottom slant back too. You see the floor ought to be level, and only the roof slant back. But I know what I can do.”

Saying this, Royal went away, and got a short board, a little larger every way than the upper board of the box. This he placed over the box, in an inclined position. This was for a roof. The back part of the roof—that is, the part which was away from the pond—rested directly upon the128 box. The front part—that is, the part which was towards the pond, which was, of course, to be raised, in order to make the roof slant backward—Royal supported by a narrow board, which he placed under this edge to keep it up. He nailed the roof securely in its place.

When it was finished, there was, of course, a space between the upper part of the box and the roof. Royal said that this was the duck’s garret. “And now,” said he, “for the yard.”

“Yes,” said Royal, “he must have a yard, or else he will run away. But while I am making a yard, Lucy, you must go into the barn, and get a little hay, and make him a nest.”

So Lucy went into the barn, and got some hay, while Royal took his wheelbarrow, and went away to find some boards for the yard. He brought three or four boards, and with these he made a yard. The boards were about six feet long. He placed them upon the ground, upon their edges. Each board made one side of the yard. He nailed them together at the four corners. One of the boards passed directly behind the duck house; the others extended on each side, and forward, so as to enclose the duck pond129 and considerable space besides, so that the duck could come out of his house, and either swim in his pond, or else walk about upon the ground, just as he pleased; only he could not get over the boards, so as to run away.

“That is a beautiful duck yard,” said Lucy, “only I wish there was a door for me to open, to go in.”

“Yes,” said Lucy, “I know I can step over it; but I should like a door.”

“Well,” said Royal, “I will see if I can contrive some way to make a door.”

Royal then went and got a small block of wood, which he brought to the duck yard, and put it down before it, close to the board upon one side. When he had it properly placed, he said,—

“There, Lucy, that will do for a step, and you can step up by that, and so get over easily; and you can call that a door. Won’t that do?”

Lucy said that it would do very well; and she stepped over by means of her step, and back again, several times. She said it made a very good door indeed.

By the time that all this had been doing, the water in the little pond had become quite clear,130 and Lucy could see that it had a smooth, sandy bottom. So they both wanted to bring the duck out, and see it swim. Lucy was afraid that it was too little to swim; but Royal insisted that a duck could swim just as quick as it could get out of the shell. Lucy said that she meant to ask Joanna; and they accordingly both went into the house to ask Joanna if it would do to put their little duck into the water.

Joanna said that she thought he could swim, and, at any rate, that she would go out with them, and carry him, and see. Then they all went out together.

Joanna said that she liked the pond, and the house, and the yard, all very much indeed.

“But I think,” she added, “that it would be better to keep the little duck in the house at night, for a while, where he can be kept warm, until he gets a little older. Then, in the daytime, while the sun is out, you can keep him here in his house; and then, after some time, when he gets older and stronger, you can let him stay in his house all the time, day and night.”

So saying, Joanna gently put the duck down upon the edge of his pond, in order to see what he would do. He ran right into it at once, and131 immediately began to swim about as dexterously as if he had been accustomed to the water as long as his mother had been.

The duck then began to dabble with his bill in the sand, upon the margin of the water. Then he took up a little water, and held his bill up to let the water run down his throat. Then he looked up with one eye towards Royal and Lucy, and then he swam across the pond again, and went to dabbling in the sand upon the other side.

“Yes,” replied Joanna, “I brought him a little piece of bread;” and so saying, she proceeded to crumb her bread upon the ground, near the duckling. He came out upon the bank, and began to pick up some of the small crumbs immediately; and then he turned around, and jumped into the water again, and swam away, striking the water from beneath him with his little web feet. Joanna laughed heartily at his comical movements; and, after looking at him for a few minutes, she left him with the children, and went back to the house.

134 The children let the duck swim about in his pond for more than an hour, while they remained near, sometimes watching his motions, and sometimes playing at a little distance from his house and yard. They had some conversation about his name. Several names were talked of, but finally they concluded to call him Diver. They gave him as much bread as they thought he ought to have, and then Royal put the remainder of the pieces, which Joanna had brought out, in Diver’s garret, which he said would be a fine place to keep his provisions in.

“Yes,” said Lucy, “I think it will be an excellent place, and I am much obliged to you, Royal, for making me such a good duck pond, and house, and yard. I am very glad to have it. It is a great deal better than I expected that it would be. And I believe, on the whole, that I shall let you own Diver with me. We will own him, and his house, and his yard, and his pond, all together.”

The children went in and told Miss Anne how they had settled the business, and she said that she was glad of it. “It is much better,” she said, “to arrange such affairs in a spirit of kindness and good-will, than for each party to insist upon his or135 her claims, and have the case decided as a dispute between them; and I am very glad that you have settled it in an amicable manner.”

CHAPTER XI.
A CONVERSATION.

After Lucy had been at school for some days, and had learned a little how to study by herself, and to follow Mary Jay’s directions, Mary Jay asked her, one day, if she knew what her mother wanted her to study. She said that she didn’t know. “Then,” said Mary Jay, “I wish that you would ask your mother, and tell me to-morrow.”

Lucy did ask her mother, and her mother consulted her father. The result of their conversation was, that they should like to see Mary Jay about Lucy’s studies; and they concluded to invite her to come that evening and take tea with them, and then, after tea, they would have time to talk about it.

Royal wished to go and bring Mary Jay in the chaise, as she couldn’t walk very well; and his father said that that would be an excellent plan. Lucy invited her when she went to school that morning; and in the afternoon, when it was time137 for her to come, Royal and Lucy went for her in the chaise.

The first thing, after Mary Jay arrived, was to take her out, and let her see the duck pond and house. Mary Jay was very much pleased indeed; and she said that, when her ducklings grew up, she would give them another, and then they would have a pair.

Royal wished that Mary Jay would give them the other duckling then, so that they might bring them up together; but he didn’t think that it would be proper for him to ask it, and so he only said that he and Lucy would be very glad indeed to have a pair.

After tea that evening, Lucy’s father and mother, and Mary Jay, sat down to talk about Lucy’s studies.

“I believe,” said Lucy’s father, “that teachers have often very wrong ideas about the proper studies for children. The question is, not what studies are the easiest, but what can be pursued to best advantage. Now, there are some things which children can learn thoroughly, as far as they learn them at all, and others that they cannot learn thoroughly.”

138 “No,” said he, “because they cannot be thoroughly taught; for the very things that the study relates to, are such that they cannot really appreciate them. Take history, for example. If a child, like Lucy, is to study history, she reads, perhaps, in her book, that a rebellion broke out, and the leaders of it beheaded the king. Now, she may commit the words to memory, it is true, and recite the lesson fluently; but she cannot have any adequate idea of the truth, because the elements of it are beyond her capacity.”

“Why, if you read in a book of history,” said her father, “that a rebellion broke out, and that the leaders of it beheaded the king, you cannot really understand it, because you cannot understand what a rebellion is, or what the leaders are, or even what a king is.”

“Why, father,” said Lucy, “I know what a king is already; and Mary Jay could tell me the other things.”

“Why he—he—is a kind of man, and he lives in a great palace;—and he makes people obey him, I believe,” said Lucy.

Her father did not say any thing in reply to her139 description of a king; but Mary Jay saw very clearly, that she could not possibly have any thing more than a very inadequate and childish idea of a king.

“It is so with all the ideas,” continued her father, addressing Mary Jay, “which history brings before the mind. They are greatly complicated, and of very extended and intricate relations, so that young children cannot possibly appreciate them. If you tell them that Columbus discovered America in 1492, they can learn the words; but they are utterly unable to appreciate the truth. They cannot form any conception of America, or of Columbus, and the date 1492 marks no era of the world in their minds.”

“No, by no means,” replied Lucy’s father. “The truths of arithmetic a child can appreciate as fully and completely as any person. Three from ten leaves seven. Now, a child may be longer in learning that than a grown person; but when she once understands it, she understands it as perfectly as any mind can. The reason is, that the idea of three is a simple idea, which, if it is formed at all in the mind, is formed fully at140 once. But the idea of a rebellion, or of a king, or an army, is a complicated idea, which can be acquired only slowly, and after some years of experience of life, of reading and observation.”

“What are some of the other studies,” asked Mary Jay, “besides arithmetic, which children can learn to advantage?”

“Reading is one. A child who learns what the sound is, that is represented by the character S, knows the truth as completely and thoroughly as Sir Isaac Newton could have known it. Then there is writing, including spelling.”

“You learn the art of spelling, generally, with reading; but we use it only with writing,” replied her father.

“Why, the chief reason why we learn to spell is, so as to be able to spell the words correctly when we are writing. We do not spell the words when we read. Therefore, to be able to spell is rather a part of the art of writing, than of reading. In reading, the scholar must be able to pronounce all the words which she finds already spelt; and in writing, she must be able to spell them again.”

“Geography, one would at first think, would be one of the studies which a child could learn thoroughly; but, on reflection, we shall see that the elementary ideas, which that study brings to the mind, are beyond the grasp of very young children. They have no ideas of distance, and of course can have no adequate conception of the earth, or of continents, oceans, mountains. It is impossible to carry the mind of a very young child away from the lines, and dots, and crooked configurations of the map, to the vast forms of real land and water, represented by them. We all carry with us to the end of life absurd and ridiculous ideas of some regions of the earth’s surface, which we obtained from our maps, when we were children. But a child cannot very well form an absurd or ridiculous idea of the number ten, or of the letter s, or of the mode of spelling until.”

“O, it is very high,” said Lucy, reaching up142 with her hand; “very high, indeed. Higher than this house.”

“Why, I don’t know,” answered Lucy. “I don’t know that it is quite so high as the steeple of a church.”

Mary Jay smiled; but Lucy’s father only said that it was true that church steeples were sometimes very high. Mary Jay saw how inadequate all Lucy’s ideas of the magnitude of mountains were; for, in fact, the principal mountains of the world are as much higher than the steeple of a church, as the house that Lucy lived in was higher than her duck house. In fact, Lucy was entirely unable to form any conception, when she heard the word mountain, of the vast and complicated idea expressed by it,—including the immense and towering elevations, the forests, the rocks, and the glaciers,—the broken ranges, the chasms and valleys, and the lofty summits, bare, and desolate, and cold. Her idea of a mountain was only that of a great green hill.

“Then,” said Mary Jay, “you would rather143 have Lucy not study any thing, but what she can learn thoroughly—reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic.”

“No,” replied Lucy’s father, “I did not say exactly that; I wouldn’t forbid her making a beginning upon geography or history,—if we can get some suitable book,—by way of variety, and to give her a little introduction to these studies. But I want her main time and attention, for several years, to be directed to the other studies, which she can pursue to advantage. Remember that every step she takes in learning the three great arts, of reading, writing, and arithmetic, is a step taken well and thoroughly,—but that whatever ground she goes over in history, geography, or philosophy, or any such study, is gone over in a very superficial manner; and that all the ideas she forms are childish, inadequate, and oftentimes entirely incorrect or absurd.”

Mary Jay was very much interested in what Lucy’s father had been saying; but Lucy did not understand it very well, and, as she could not understand, she had gradually ceased to pay any attention, and was now thinking of a plan of getting Royal to carry Diver down to the brook, which was at some distance behind the house, the144 next day, and let him swim there; and just as her father had finished the last remark, she said,—

“O, haven’t you seen Diver yet, father?—Come out then, and see him. Mary Jay gave him to us.”

This was the first time that her father had heard of Diver. He allowed Lucy to take him by the hand, and to lead him out to Royal’s duck pond. He was very much pleased with it, indeed, and with Diver’s motions and frolics in the water. He said that he did not know before that a young duck was such a pretty thing. He took it up, and looked at its little web feet, which he admired exceedingly, and said that, if he was an engineer, he would attempt to construct paddles for a steamboat on the same principle.

“I should think that they would strike the bottom in shallow water,” said Mary Jay.

145 Mary Jay got into the chaise again, and Royal drove her home; and on the way, she determined to devote nearly all Lucy’s time in school to making as much, and as thorough progress as possible, in the great fundamental branches of reading, writing, spelling, and arithmetic.

CHAPTER XII.
INTERRUPTION.

One afternoon, Lucy went to see her cousin Rollo. Rollo was younger than Lucy, being then about four or five years old. Lucy was six or seven. She was going to spend the evening at her uncle’s, and Royal, her brother, was to come for her in the chaise about half-past eight o’clock.

Before tea, Lucy and Rollo had been playing with picture-books. Lucy sat upon a cricket before a little book-case, looking at the books. Rollo had a stick for a gun, and was marching about, stopping occasionally to make believe fire his gun. He did not care much about the picture-books as he had seen them a great many times.

After tea, Rollo’s father went into a little back parlor, where he had been writing, and Rollo and Lucy returned to the little book-case. They had a lamp now, for by this time it was dark. Rollo wanted Lucy to make him a little cap, so that he147 could play soldier better. He had a feather, which he told her she could put into it.

So Lucy took a piece of paper, which was in the book-case, and cut a narrow strip, which she put around Rollo’s head like a band, and pinned the ends together. Then she contrived to fasten the feather in at the side of it. Rollo said it would do very well for a cap, and he went marching about and firing his gun.

Lucy found that she could not see very well; so she followed Rollo out into the entry. She wanted to see where he was going. Rollo marched along until he came to the door leading into his father’s back parlor. He opened the door and went in. Lucy remained at the door, looking to see what he would do.

Rollo’s father was seated at a table near the window, with his back to the door, writing very busily; and he paid no attention to Rollo, but went on with his work. Rollo marched backwards and forwards, imitating the sound of a trumpet with his lips, and stopping occasionally to point his stick towards his father, or towards Lucy, and say, Bang, as if he was shooting them.

But Lucy was afraid of interrupting her uncle, and so she did not come in, immediately; but finding, at length, that her uncle went on with his work without appearing to pay any attention to Rollo, she presently glided in, and took her seat upon a sofa which was upon the side of the room opposite to where her uncle was sitting.

Presently Rollo’s father paused in his work, and laid down a ruler, which he had been using in copying a plan into a letter that he had been writing, upon the table. He then rose from his seat, and turned around to look at Rollo. Rollo immediately began to march back and forth again, trumpeting with his lips, and shooting at his father with his gun.

“Come,” said his father, “I think I should like to have the enemy march out of my kingdom.”

While Lucy and Rollo were saying this, Mr. Holiday had gone to his secretary, and opened it, and was taking down a bundle of papers.

“Why, I am afraid,” said he, “that you will interrupt me. I am engaged in some very perplexing work.”

“No, sir, we won’t,” said Rollo. “We will be ever so still. I’ll put my gun away, and my cap. Lucy, you take out my feather, and then I’ll take off my cap, and we’ll put it away, and come and sit down upon the sofa, and be still, and look at father’s great picture-book. May we have your great picture-book, father?”

“Why, I have no objection,” said his father, “to your having the great picture-book; but then I am very certain that you’ll interrupt me if you stay here.”

Rollo’s father talked very indistinctly as he said this, for his pen was across his mouth, both hands being occupied in turning over the file of papers which he had taken down from the secretary.

At length, he took his seat at the table again, and began to write, saying, however, before he150 began, that Rollo and Lucy might see if they could stay in his room without interrupting him.

“Come, Lucy,” said Rollo, “let us go and get my little table to put up by the sofa, and then we can put the great picture-book upon it, and then sit upon the sofa, and look at the pictures.”

They accordingly went off to get the table. It was a small, square table, with a drawer in it. It was just high enough for Rollo and Lucy, and so light that it was very easy to carry about. Rollo took hold of one side, and Lucy of the other, and they brought it into the room very easily.

He observed that there were two lamps upon his father’s table, and so he went up to the table abruptly, saying,—

“There,” said his father. “I thought that you would come pretty soon and interrupt me.”

“No,” said his father; “that is true, no doubt; but it does not make it any the less an interruption to me for you to come and ask me for one.”

151 “Well, but, father,” said Rollo, moving back slowly, and speaking in a disappointed tone, “then I don’t see what we shall do.”

So Lucy jumped up, and ran off after the light, while Rollo went to get the great picture-book.

What Rollo called the great picture-book was a very large and heavy volume, in his father’s library, which contained a great many large and beautiful pictures. His father never allowed him to carry it out of the room, but sometimes let him put it in a chair, and turn over the leaves very carefully, to see the pictures. Rollo took this book down, which he accomplished without much difficulty; for it was on the lower part of the book-case, not very far from the floor. He carried it to the little table, and pretty soon after Lucy came in with a light.

But here an unexpected difficulty occurred. The book was so large that, when it was opened, it covered the whole top of the table, and so there was no room for the lamp.

152 Rollo moved it as far as he could, but there was scarcely room for the lamp to stand.

“No,” said Lucy, “that won’t do. The lamp will get knocked off the table, and will fall upon the carpet.”

“But I’m afraid to have it there,” said Lucy. “By and by, we shall push the book against it, and knock it over; and then my aunt will be very sorry indeed.”

“No, but, Lucy,” said Rollo, in a very positive tone, “I tell you I’ll watch it.”

Here Rollo’s father turned around again, and said, “Now, children, you are interrupting me again.”

“Well, father,” said Rollo, “it is because our table is not big enough.”

“Yes,” said his father, “I see the reason, and I don’t blame you particularly; only I have not time now to attend to you, and it interrupts me to hear of your difficulties. I wish you’d go into the front parlor, and amuse yourselves there.”

“I’d rather stay here, sir,” said Rollo, in a supplicating tone. “If you’ll only tell us how we can put our light,” he continued, “then we153 shall not interrupt you again. We shall not have any thing to interrupt you for.”

“Well,” said his father, “I’ll do that, and then I’ll keep an account, and after you have interrupted me three times more, you must go out. Will you agree to that?”

Rollo and Lucy both said that they would agree to that, and so Mr. Holiday left his work, and went over to the sofa. He saw at once that the table was not large enough to render it safe to put the lamp and the book upon it together. So he brought a chair, and placed it near to the little table, and then laid the book, open, upon the chair. The chair was placed so near to the table that the light shone down upon the book.

“Now,” said he, “children, you must go and get a couple of crickets, or one long one, and put before the chair for your seats. So the crickets will serve for your chairs, the chair for your table, and the table for your light-stand.”

They accordingly went and got the crickets, and they found that the arrangement answered very well. They could see the pictures distinctly, and there was no danger now that the lamp would fall down. Mr. Holiday laid out a small piece of paper upon the corner of his table, and154 said that, every time that they interrupted him, in any way, he should make a mark upon that paper, and that, as soon as there were three marks made, they must go out.

The children turned over the leaves of the great book very carefully for some time, and were much amused by them. Rollo was greatly delighted at the picture of a dog standing on his head; and he talked and laughed about him with a great deal of glee. Lucy said, “Hush!” to him several times, for she was afraid that he would make so much noise that her uncle would be interrupted, and make a mark against them. But he seemed to take no notice of it.

At last, they got through the book, and Rollo shut it up and put it away. They then did not immediately know what to do next; but very soon Lucy said that, if she only had a pencil and a piece of paper, she would draw Rollo a house. Royal, she said, had showed her how.

The chair was what is commonly called a cane-bottomed chair. The seat was made of narrow strips of ratan, woven together in such a way as to leave a great many curious octagonal interstices.155 This did not prevent its answering a very good purpose as a support for a book; but it was plain that it would not do at all to write upon.

He said no more, but went immediately to a corner of the room, where there was a small space at the end of the secretary, and he pulled out a smooth pine board, about as wide, and twice as long, as the top of his little table. He brought this out with an air of great satisfaction, and they placed another chair at a little distance from the one which they had been using as a table, in such a manner that he could rest this board upon the two chairs, one end of the board upon each.

“That’s a good smooth table,” said Lucy. “What is this board made for?”

“It is one my father has. He uses it for a great many things,” said Rollo. “When he makes me a little book, he pares the edges upon it.”

“Because,” said Rollo, “then his knife would cut through down to the table, and so cut the cloth.”

Rollo then went and got some paper out of a drawer where he knew that there was some kept,156 and where he often went to get some for his mother. But then he had no pencil; so he went over to his father’s table, and said,—

“Father, do you know where there is a pencil?—two pencils? We shall want two.”

His father did not answer his question, but quietly took up the piece of paper which he had placed upon the corner of the table, and made a mark upon it, saying, at the same time,—

“Why, father,” said Rollo, “we only want two pencils, and I thought that you could just tell us if you knew where there are any.”

“That makes two interruptions,” said his father. “One more, and you’ll have to go out.”

Rollo looked confounded; he turned round, and walked slowly away, with a very anxious expression of countenance.

Then he walked back slowly towards his father’s table, but was very careful not to say a word, or make any noise, so as not to make an interruption. His father had often told him that, when he was busy, he ought not to speak, but come and stand quietly by his side, until he was157 spoken to. So he thought he would adopt this plan at this time. He went up cautiously to the table, standing round in such a position that his father could see him; and there he remained still, waiting for his father to look up and ask him what he wanted.

His father waited a few minutes, and then looked up. But, to Rollo’s grief and consternation, instead of asking him, as usual, what he wanted, he took up the paper, and made another mark upon it, saying,—

Rollo could barely articulate the words, “Now, father,” and then, overcome with grief and disappointment, he turned around, and burst into tears.

He took him by the hand, and drew him gently towards him, and took him up in his lap.

“You promised,” continued his father, “that, if you interrupted me three times, you would go out willingly.”

“Yes, sir,” said Rollo, though he was so much in trouble that he could not speak very distinctly; “but I don’t think you ought to call that an interruption.”

“Come to think of it,” replied his father,158 “perhaps I ought not to. You came and stood by me, very still, so as not to interrupt me, but to wait until I was at leisure.”

And so saying, he took his pen, and crossed out the third mark, which he made on the paper that contained the record of interruptions. This restored Rollo’s composure, though he still looked very unhappy. He could not imagine why his father should have even intended to have made a mark against him in such a case.

“I see,” said his father, “you and I had a different understanding about the interruptions. You did not speak to me, and interrupt me in the common way; but still, do you suppose that I could go on with my writing, while you were standing there, waiting to speak to me?”

“No,” added his father; “so that your coming to me, and waiting to ask me for a pencil, really interrupted my work; and that was the reason why I was going to mark it. But, then, it was not what you have commonly understood by an interruption, and so I ought not to have159 marked it. And, in fact,” he continued, “now I have given you so much trouble to no purpose, I believe that I will erase all the marks, and begin again. Only now you must understand that you must take care of yourselves altogether, and that, if you do any thing, in any way, to take off my attention from my work, I shall have to mark it.”

He spoke this in a tone of great satisfaction and pleasure, and jumped down, and went away to Lucy.

During all this time, Lucy had been standing near the board table, looking at Rollo and his father with a countenance expressive of great concern. She now, however, appeared very much relieved, and she proposed, in a whisper, that they should go out and ask her aunt to lend them some pencils. Accordingly Rollo went and got them in that manner, without any difficulty.

CHAPTER XIII.
THE THEORY OF INTERRUPTION.

Rollo did not interrupt his father but once more that evening. That happened in the following manner: Rollo agreed to be Lucy’s scholar, and she was to teach him to draw. So she began to set him a copy. She drew a row of figures, in a line along the top of the paper, and Rollo was to imitate them by making similar drawings below. The first drawing was the figure of a dog, the second of a hat; the third was a pair of tongs, and the last a mouse. Lucy said that they were not very good, but that they were as good as she could make.

Rollo set himself at work to copying them. But he said that he meant to begin with the hat, which was the second picture; for he said the dog was too hard for him.

“O no,” said Lucy; “you must begin at the beginning, and proceed regularly.”

161 “There’s an interruption,” said Rollo’s father; and he took up the paper, and made a mark.

“Yes,” said his father, “that interrupts me—to hear a dispute between you and Lucy.”

“It was only the commencement of a dispute, I acknowledge,” said his father; “but when you had agreed to be Lucy’s scholar, to hear you refusing to obey her directions, and beginning to argue with her, disturbs my mind at once.”

There was no more disputing, and no more interruption, for more than half an hour. Rollo was Lucy’s scholar, and he followed her instructions with great faithfulness and docility. At length, just as Rollo was finishing the chimney of a house, he saw that his father was getting up, and beginning to put his papers away.

“Yes,” replied his father; “and when I have put away my papers, I am coming to see you. I think you had better put away your drawing, too.”

Rollo put away the paper, which he had not used, reserving that which had his and Lucy’s drawing upon it, to show to his mother; and he gave Lucy the pencils to carry into the other room. Then he put the board away in its place again, and set the lamp upon the table. By this time, his father was ready; and he came and sat down upon the sofa, while Lucy took her place upon one side, and Rollo upon the other.

“I believe,” said Mr. Holiday, “that children very often don’t understand exactly how it is that they interrupt their parents, when they are busy. They think it is noise which constitutes interruption.”

“No, not exactly,” replied his father. “If it should thunder while I was writing, do you suppose that it would interrupt me?”

Mr. Holiday smiled. In fact, he perceived that he had fallen upon an unfortunate illustration.

“Well, then,” said he, “suppose that I were in a city, and were writing by a window, which opened upon a street, where a great many horses,163 and heavy wagons, and coaches, were passing; do you suppose that that noise would interrupt me?”

“Well, now, suppose that I was seated at my own window, and saw a single horse, walking slowly into my garden; would not that interrupt me.”

“Because,” continued Mr. Holiday, “it would attract my attention. It would call upon me to do something; that is, to get up, and go and get somebody to drive him out.”

“While you and Lucy,” continued his father, “were talking and laughing together, pleasantly, it did not disturb me at all.”

“Why, when we were looking at the dog standing on his head,” said Lucy; “don’t you remember? I was afraid that we should interrupt you.”

“No,” said her uncle, “that did not disturb me; because you were good-natured and pleasant, and every thing was going on right. But the164 moment Rollo began to argue about obeying your directions in regard to the drawing, that moment my mind was disturbed. You did not make nearly as much noise as you had done when talking and laughing about the dog; but it was the beginning of a difficulty, and so it troubled my mind.

“And so,” continued his father, “when you came, Rollo, and stood by my side, waiting to speak to me; although I don’t think that you did wrong at all, yet it interrupted me; that is, it attracted my attention from my work. I said to myself, ‘Here is Rollo wanting to speak to me, and I must stop my work, and hear what he has to say.’ It was not so sudden and violent an interruption as it was when you came the first time, and broke in upon my work at once, asking me for the pencils; but still it interrupted me. It required me to stop my work to attend to you.”

“I thought that you could just tell us,” said Rollo, “if you knew where there were any pencils.”

“Yes,” replied his father, “and so I might, if I had only been busy about some ordinary work. But I was very specially busy. I was making calculations; and I knew that, if you came ever so still to speak to me, and should thus make me stop in the middle of a calculation, I should have165 to give it up, and begin again, and so lose what I had done.

“That’s the reason,” he continued, “why I am not willing to have you in my room when I am very busy. You don’t know very well what an interruption is. Children do not have such perplexing work to do as men have, and they don’t understand how easily the mind may be disturbed.”

“I did not think that I should interrupt you,” said Rollo, “by only going up to the table and standing still.”

“No; and therefore,” said his father, “you were not to blame. But you see now, I suppose, how it did interrupt me. Why, one day you interrupted me, and did a great deal of mischief, without saying a word to me, or even coming near to the table.”

“Why, you had lost your hat. I knew where it was, for I saw it out under a tree, where you had left it. And I heard you walking about and asking every body if they knew where your hat was. You asked them quietly and very properly, but still I heard; and the difficulty which you were in attracted my attention, and confused me in my adding.”

166 “Adding?” said Lucy, in an interrogative tone; that is, in the tone of asking a question.

“Yes,” said her uncle. “I was adding a long column of figures; and this difficulty about Rollo’s hat took place when I had nearly got through. So I lost my reckoning just as Rollo was coming into my room, to ask me where his hat was. I told him that it was out under the tree; and then I had to begin once more, and do my work all over again.”

“But, father,” said Rollo, “you said that I did not speak to you at all.”

“True,” replied his father, “and you did not. You were coming to speak to me, and I knew what you were coming for. But the interruption was occasioned before, by the inquiries which you were making out in the entries, which I heard, although you did not speak very loud.”

“Well, sir,” said Rollo, “I am sorry that I interrupted you. I did not know it.”

“O, it is not of much consequence,” said his father; “I only mentioned the case to help explain to you the theory of interruption.”

Mr. Holiday then said that Lucy and Rollo might go into the other room, and that he was coming in himself pretty soon. So Lucy took their lamp, and they walked along into the front parlor.

Lucy saw, as soon as she entered the room, that her aunt was sitting near the cradle. Nathan was lying in the cradle asleep. Her aunt was reading, with her foot near the rocker, ready to rock him immediately in case he should move.

Rollo was going up immediately to his mother to ask her what she thought he and Lucy had better play. But then he concluded, on the whole, not to interrupt her; and he accordingly turned round and walked back to Lucy.

“I don’t know,” said Lucy; “I expect it is very nearly time for Royal to come for me.”

“O no,” said Rollo, “not yet. It is only eight o’clock; and you are not going home until half after eight. We shall have time to play half an hour yet.”

Lucy admitted this, and Rollo proposed that168 Lucy should be a man walking in the woods, and that he should be a lion roaring at her, and frightening her. The tables and chairs were to be the trees.

Lucy agreed to this plan; and so Rollo got down, upon his hands and knees, under the table, and Lucy began to walk slowly back and forth, as if she was walking in the woods. She talked to herself all the time, as follows,—

“O dear! what a dark night! What a terrible dark night! And I am afraid that there are lions in these woods.”

“Hark!” said Lucy. “I believe I hear a lion roaring. What shall I do? He’s a great way off, I suppose; but what if he should come nearer!”

“Hush! children,” said Rollo’s mother, without, however, looking round, or even taking her eyes off her book.

“O dear me!” said Lucy, speaking more softly; “I am afraid I shall lose my way, and then I shall get caught by that terrible lion.”

At this moment, Rollo scrambled out towards Lucy upon all fours, just as if he was a lion, springing out of the thicket to seize her. Lucy ran, Rollo pursuing her; his roaring growing louder and louder.

“Children,” said his mother, “that’s too noisy a play. I can’t let you play that play; you must think of something else.”

“Why, mother,” said Rollo, still, however, keeping his quadruped form and position, “father said a little noise was not any interruption.”

“Yes, mother,” replied Rollo, with a very confident tone. “He said that it did not do any harm to make a little noise, if we did not come and do any thing to attract your attention.”

“Yes,” said his mother, “that is true in regard to grown persons, but there is a very different rule in regard to babies. Noise alone disturbs them. What I’m afraid is, not that you’ll interrupt me, but that you’ll wake Nathan.”

“O,” said Rollo; and just at that moment the door opened, and Royal came in.

Royal smiled to see Rollo upon his hands and knees, and yet looking towards his mother, with170 such a sober expression of countenance. He asked them what they were playing.

“Lion. But you have come too early, Royal. Lucy was not to go home until half past eight.”

“I know it,” said Royal, “and I have come to play with you half an hour.”

“I’m glad of that,” said Rollo; “only we can’t play now very well, because we shall wake the baby.”

“Let’s go into the kitchen, then,” said Royal. “Aunt, may we go into the kitchen?”

They all went out into the kitchen to ask Dorothy; and she said they might make any reasonable noise; but that, as soon as the noise became too great, she should stop the game.

“Well,” said Royal, “you may. And now,” he continued, “we’ll play elephant. I’ll be the elephant. Rollo, where’s your little chain? Go and get your little chain, to chain round my fore leg.”

Rollo went and got his chain. It was a small iron chain, such as is used to support stove-pipes, and it had a hook in one end. It was a favorite plaything of Rollo’s, for he could use it in a great many ways.

171 Rollo brought the chain, and then Royal got down upon all fours, and pretended that he was an elephant. Lucy was the hunter, and Rollo the dog. There was considerable barking, and other noise, while they were hunting the elephant; but when, at last, they got him caught and chained, they were more still.

Rollo then turned into a man, in order that he might be the elephant’s keeper. He put the chain around Royal’s shoulder, and led him about. Royal walked upon his hands and knees, with a very deliberate motion, as much as possible like that of a real elephant. Sometimes Rollo would order his elephant to kneel, and then Royal would fold his arms before him, and lie down close to the floor, so that Rollo could easily get upon his back. Rollo would mount, and then call upon his elephant to get up again; and so he would take a short ride about the room. Lucy had one ride herself.

Royal at last began to pretend that he was in a frenzy. He said that he had read in books of elephants’ getting into a frenzy, and frightening their keepers terribly. So he scrambled around the floor, shaking his head about in a very ferocious manner, while Rollo and Lucy ran off, trying to get out of his way, and making the kitchen ring with their peals of laughter.

172 Dorothy, who was knitting all this time at the side of the fire, at length interrupted their play by saying,—

“Yes,” said Dorothy, “you must not play so any more. But if you’ll come and sit down here by the fire, I’ll tell you a story.”

“Well,” said the children. In fact, they were as much pleased at the idea of having a story, as they would have been to have gone on with their play. So they all came and sat down by the fire.

“I have told you pretty much all my snow-storm stories, already,” said Dorothy. “Let me think,—did I ever tell you about Oliver’s snow-shoes.”

“It was a great many years ago that what I am going to tell you took place. It was when Oliver was about eight years old.”

173 “I was about twelve,” replied Dorothy. “Our house was in the woods, a great way from the school-house where we used to go to school. I should think that it was more than two miles; and we had to go by a path through the woods. We walked to school in the mornings with our dinners in a basket. Then we staid in the school-room at noon, eating our dinners by the fire.”

“O, bread and cheese,” said Dorothy, “and sometimes an apple turnover, which my mother made for us.

“Well, one day,” continued Dorothy, “when we had got half way to school, in the morning, it began to snow. It snowed very fast all the forenoon; and at noon, when school was done, we found that the boys who went out came in again with their clothes whitened with snow, half way up to their knees. We were afraid that we should not be able to get home.”

“And what should you do if you could not get home?” said Lucy. “Should you stay in the school-house all night?”

“O, I don’t know,” said Dorothy, “what we should have done. Perhaps we should have gone to Mary Green’s house.”

“Never mind about her,” interrupted Royal, “but tell the story. I want to hear about the snow-shoes.”

“It stopped snowing about the middle of the afternoon,” said Dorothy, “and Mary Green’s father came for her in a sleigh; and he said that he would carry us as far as he was going our way; for, you see, we had to go along the main road for about half a mile, till we came to the place where the path through the woods turned off. When we came to this place, we got out of the sleigh, and began to walk along through the woods. At last, we came to a little opening by the side of a mill-stream, where there was a little hut. The hut was built there to make shingles in. It was what they call a shingle camp.”

“O, they cut down a large pine-tree, and then cut it up into very short logs, and then split the logs into thin pieces, very wide. Then they take these pieces, and shave them smooth. We looked into the hut, but the man was not there. His shave was there, and there was a great pile of shavings; and the horse was in one corner.”

“Yes,” replied Dorothy, “and we went in and sat down on the shavings to rest ourselves.”

“Why, he was coming back again in the morning, and so he left his horse and his tools. There was nobody about there to steal them. It would have been a great deal of trouble to have taken his horse home every night.”

Dorothy laughed, and said there was nothing else for him to eat, and that, in fact, he looked as if he lived upon shavings.

“We staid here a few minutes to rest,” continued Dorothy, “and then we concluded that we would make ourselves some snow-shoes.”

“They are large, flat things to put under your feet to keep your feet from sinking into the snow. They make them in different ways; but we were going to make ours of the broad and thin pieces of pine which had been split out for shingles. So we began to look about before the hut for some pieces which were of the right size.”

“But, Dorothy,” said Lucy, “I should think176 that they would have been all covered up in the snow.”

“They were not,” replied Dorothy;—“but stop,—let me see. It appears to me that the sun was shining, and that it was a warm, pleasant day when we made our snow-shoes. Yes;—it was; and I have been making a mistake all this time. For we didn’t make our snow-shoes the day that it snowed; it was one day in the spring, when the snow was melting, so that we kept sinking into it, and could not get along.”

“Well,” said Dorothy, “I told Oliver that if he had any string in his pocket, so that we could fasten the snow-shoes on, we would make two pair, one for him and one for me. He said that he had got some string, and he drew out a long piece from his pocket. So we found pieces of wood, of the right size, and then we went into the hut, and Oliver undertook to shave them smooth. So he took one of the pieces, and sat down upon the seat before the horse, and put one end of it into the horse’s mouth, and gripped it tight, while he shaved the other end.”

177 “He did,” said Dorothy, seriously. “He was a little fellow, it is true, but then he was very handy with tools.” Dorothy thought that the children were surprised that such a little boy as Oliver could use the shave; but, in fact, what surprised them was, that the piece of wood was held in the horse’s mouth.

“When he had shaved one half of the piece, he turned it end for end, and shaved the other half. Then he turned it over, and shaved the other side.”

“O, there was a little foot-piece down underneath; and when he pressed that with his foot, it pressed down the jaw, and when he lifted off his foot, the jaw came up again, and let the wood out.”

“Yes, certainly,” said Dorothy. “What sort of a horse did you think I meant?”

Dorothy laughed very heartily at this mistake; and the children, when they understood the case, laughed heartily too. In the midst of their merriment, Royal looked up at the clock, and said that178 it was time for him and Lucy to go. “Only,” said he, “Dorothy, I wish you’d finish the story.”

“Why, that is about all,” said Dorothy; “we made the snow-shoes, and tied them on, and then we walked along over the soft snow without sinking in, and so got safely home.”

“Why, Oliver contrived to bore some holes in the wood,” replied Dorothy, “and then he had a piece of twine in his pocket, for strings. He cut the strings into proper lengths, and then put them into the holes; and so we fastened the snow-shoes to our feet.”

“I should not think that you could walk very well with snow-shoes,” said Lucy.

“We can’t walk very well,” replied Dorothy; “but it is better than sinking down deep into the snow. You must understand that we don’t lift the whole snow-shoe off from the ground, when we step.”

“No,” said Dorothy. “It is fastened on with the strings, in such a way that the back part of it hangs down, and drags along. When we step, we only lift the front part of it up, and the back179 part drags along upon the snow to the new place, and then we step down upon it again.”

“O, perhaps you can find some thin pieces of wood,” replied Dorothy. “You’d better make a pair; and then, when there comes a deep snow, this winter, you can walk on them. You can draw Lucy with your hand-sled all over the fields.”

“Why, it is a sled,” replied Dorothy, “with broad runners, so that it will not sink deep into the snow.”

180 “No,” replied Dorothy, “it is a very light sled. The runners are not solid; they are framed, and made light, with only a broad, thin piece at the bottom.”

“I wish you had a snow-sled, Royal,” said Lucy, “and a pair of snow-shoes.”

“So do I,” said Royal, “and I mean to try to make them; only the sled,—I don’t believe I can make a sled.”

Royal then got his hat, and went out into the yard to get the chaise. He told Lucy to go and put on her bonnet, and then come to the front door, when she heard the sound of the wheels.

Lucy accordingly went in, and put on her bonnet, and bade her aunt and uncle good night. She asked her aunt when Rollo might come and return her visit. She said that she would let him come the next week, if Royal could come and bring him home. And Lucy said that she had no doubt that her father would let Royal bring him home.

By this time, she heard the sound of the wheels driving up to the door; and so she went out, and got into the chaise, and Royal drove her away.

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

Cousin Lucy at Study

PREFACE.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I. THE NEW SLATE.

CHAPTER II. A WAGON RIDE.

CHAPTER III. THE MAGAZINE.

CHAPTER IV. WHERE IS ROYAL?

CHAPTER V ACCOUNTS.

CHAPTER VI. MARY JAY.

CHAPTER VII. THE RECESS.

CHAPTER VIII. MARY JAY’S INSTRUCTIONS.

CHAPTER IX. JUST SAVED.

CHAPTER X. DIVER.

CHAPTER XI. A CONVERSATION.

CHAPTER XII. INTERRUPTION.

CHAPTER XIII. THE THEORY OF INTERRUPTION.